sº Weae. N AS 3, 3-0 C ºr Y Our Little Russian Cousin The Little Cousin Series Jº Our Little Japanese Cousin Our Little Jewish Cousin Our Little Korean Cousin By H. Lee M. Pike Our Little Mexican Cousin By Edward C. Butler Our Little Norwegian Cousin Our Little Panama Cousin By H. Lee M. Pike Our Little Philippine Cousin Our Little Porto Rican Cousin Our Little Russian Cousin Our Little Scotch Cousin By Blanche McManus Our Little Siamese Cousin Our Little Spanish Cousin By Mary F. Nixon-Roulet Our Little Swedish Cousin By Claire M. Coburn Our Little Swiss Cousin Our Little Turkish Cousin Each volume illustrated with six or more full-page plates in tint. Cloth, 12mo, with decorative cover, per volume, 60 cents. LIST OF TITLES BY MARY HAZELTON WADE (unless otherwise indicated) Our Little African Cousin Our Little Armenian Cousin Our Little Brown Cousin Our Little Canadian Cousin By Elizabeth R. Macdonald Our Little Chinese Cousin By Isaac Taylor Headland Our Little Cuban Cousin. Our Little Dutch Cousin By Blanche McManus Our Little English Cousin By Blanche McManus Our Little Eskimo Cousin Our Little French Cousin By Blanche McManus Our Little German Cousin Our Little Hawaiian Cousin Our Little Indian Cousin Our Little Irish Cousin Our Little Italian Cousin L. C. PAGE & COMPANY New England Building, Boston, Mass. |-·|-|- |-|--|-|- -·*…·|- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ** ** **************** • • • • • •*** • ***************** · ******* |-|-|-|-|-|-|-----|-|-----|-·|-…----|--*--（ ：-|-… * .*- !|-|---- ----+·**** ----|-！！ → ··*ºsº |-• • •||{ ſº:32|• •# · *(_）·~|！** |-æ|-* ----- ****|-|-~·-ſ-* �•••••|！ 1* ,----* * ·Z ， !„* 1， !c→ ！**,||×|-„ºs，* * * · |-* -...º！ -， ·-|-·|z|* …·！ ！|- |-！|-·|-©！**. *|×|-！ ! ！ ·， ， ， , ， , ， ， ， , ， , ）; * **|-*****|-！ ±-- ：）·1|--- -|-· * *··}|• ！�||-- -|·<！-- *·-，�ſZ·~~·！ · *， ，|- ----×·-----！· *，，- ：*- -*|-·± ----*…*→ ···|×//• r ）£~）. --） *~ !-- 1 ， ！|-· · · · · ·::į. º. º 5 × × �!！！！→ ·-----|----·|-__ ~~~~）.“..！*· · · -º.----）; ·→ ·ºº}| -*---- -·---- - -*|-·*** *！:ſ.|- ----|----|- ·----|-∞（°- ******·•│ │; : : :·*（）; *|-ſeº|-|-* · · -{* º.！eº,• • • • •!，+ · + P|* �||-• ****o||* *:|* 。*|--º-,*----±** .----· · ·！|-·|-+----·|-* .*,·----· · · *.*¿.*~~|-！|- * * .****••••¿••¿•*}•ş��•••Łº*}*****•¿••，*****…*..*..*- ****•••••* ************~#~¿¿.*** 2 ** -- *- ----·--------：-（---- - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - . ---- *. - . º------------ --- - - ** - - - - - - - * * º : : - - - - - - -- --- - - - - - - * * - - --- - - --" ". - - - - - - . . - - - - - * - - º - - - º - - - - º º - - - - - - - - º - º - - - - - - - - x - - - ******************** # e ... + # Our Little Russian £ + e ++ + Cousin ++ + ++ + + # + # By \ + # Mary Hazelton Wade # + + # ++ # Illustrated By + # L. J. Bridgman i # ++ + ++ # ++ + ++ # ++ # ++ + ++ + ++ # ++ - £ i Hàº; i £ L. c. Page & Company f # Publishers # ******************** * {^\5 * - - - - THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY 586525 ASTOR, LE Nox AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS. R 1913 L Copyright 190r By L. C. PAGE & CoMPANY (INcorporated) All rights reserved Tenth Impression: December; *906. w e e º “ e : - : : :- : : : . : c : e : o : - : - - : Colonial Bress: Electrotyped and Printed by C. H. Simonds & Co. Boston, Mass., U. S. A. --> - . - º Preface A LARGE country, called Russia, lies in the eastern part of Europe. It stretches from the icy shores of the Arctic Ocean, on the north, to the warm waters of the Black Sea, on the south. Many of the children of this great country have fair skins and blue eyes. They belong to the same race as their English and Ameri- can cousins, although they speak a different language. Some of them live in palaces, and have everything that heart could desire; but a vast number of them are very poor, and their parents are obliged to work hard to keep the grim wolf, hunger, away from the door. Russia, as a nation, is very young, as com- pared with many others. She is still in her V V1 Preface childhood. Perhaps it is because of this that her people do not enjoy as much freedom as ourselves. A few years ago the Emperor of Russia spoke some words to which the people of the western world listened with surprise and de- light. He said, “I wish there were peace between all countries, and that we could settle our differences with each other without fight- ing.” These wise words did a great deal of good. The emperor, without doubt, meant what he said. He did wish heartily that wars should be at an end. He has not felt able, however, to carry out his ideas of peace, for at this very moment he is at war with the people of Japan. ‘. . . . . . . . ; ; ; ; ; Let us hope that this war;will; soon be over, - - • *. º and that the nation to which our Russian Cousin belongs will become as truly free and wise as she is now large and powerful. MALDEN, Mass., May 1904. List of Illustrations Petrovna . e e e e BABY BROTHER AND HIs NURse . A Very GRAND BUILDING . e IN THE PEASANT WILLAGE . e MARFA AND FRost . e e THE GREAT FAIR of NIJNI-Novgorod . PAGE Frontispiece 17 32 44. 59 74 Our Little Russian Cousin PETRovNA is a dainty little floweret of the cold lands far away. She is your little Rus- sian cousin. Her home is in the largest coun- try of this great round ball, the Earth. How fair are her cheeks, how blue her eyes, and what long, beautiful, yellow hair she has Her hands are so white and soft and plump, I know you would like to squeeze them. She is very gentle and ladylike. Her mamma has taught her that is the right way to behave. Yet she is full of fun, and laughs at every joke that her brother Ivan makes. They have great sport together, these two children. Petrovna is ten, and Ivan eight years old. Io Our Little Russian Cousin Sometimes they play they are grown up, just as you do. Then Petrovna puts on her mother's gown with a long train, and Ivan dresses himself up like a soldier. Petrovna “makes believe” that she is a princess at the court of the Emperor. She powders her hair, and puffs it on the top of her head, and places feathers in it. Ivan cuts shining ornaments out of a sheet of tin and fastens them on his coat. He pretends that these were given him for bravery in battle. These little children live in a fine city near the sea. Its name is St. Petersburg. The streets look very much like those of Chicago and New York. There are many grand pal- aces, however, and the churches are quite different from ours. Perhaps you would like to know why St. Petersburg was built. A long time ago Peter the Great was the ruler of Russia. There was no large city in the country near the sea at Our Little Russian Cousin II that time. Peter said, “If my country is to be powerful, I must have a city that is near the coast and that looks toward the rest of Europe.” Peter went to the shores of the river Neva, near the Baltic Sea. The land was low and marshy. That did not matter to him. He sent out an order for workmen. Great num- bers of men came to the spot he had chosen, to prepare it for streets and houses. Thou- sands of piles must first be driven into the marshy soil. Millions of stones must be brought to fill it up before streets could be laid. It was such unhealthful work that, be- fore the city was finished, hundreds of the poor workmen died of fever. But the work was done, and Peter the Great went to live there. He brought all his court with him. He made the place his capital. It is now the most important city of Russia, and one of 12 Our Little Russian Cousin the largest in the world. It is often called the “Czar's Window,” because he is said to look out over Europe from this place. (I for- got to tell you that the Emperor of Russia is called the Czar.) Let us come back to Petrovna and Ivan, who are just going out on the river to skate. Their home is almost a palace, it is so big and grand. Their father is a merchant. He buys tea from the East and sells it to the people of his own country. He has grown so rich that he owns a fine house in the city, in which the family live during the long, cold winter. They go to another home on an island of the river Neva in the summer-time. Let us look into the big drawing-room, where papa and mamma entertain their friends in the evening. How high the walls are At one side of the room is an immense porce- lain stove. It looks somewhat like a tomb. It is big enough for a play-house for Petrovna Our Little Russian Cousin 13 and Ivan. A big wood fire is built in the stove on cold winter mornings. When it has burnt down to glowing coals, the chim- ney is closed up, and port-holes from the stove are opened. Then the heat rushes out into the room. How close the air becomes | You do not wonder at it when you look around and notice that there are three sets of windows at each casing. There is only one pane in the whole room which can be opened to let in the outside air. The Russians are afraid of having the cold enter their houses. They have enough of it out-of-doors during at least six months of the year. What is that strange-looking vessel on the side table It is of shining copper. The maid polishes it very often, as it is used every evening by papa and mamma. They call it a “samovar,” and no Russian home is complete without one. You probably can't guess the reason, so I will have to tell you. 14 Our Little Russian Cousin You must understand that the people of this far-away land are great tea-drinkers. Tea in the morning, tea at noon, tea at night, and tea between-whiles. They like it fresh, too. Tea always tastes best and is least harmful when drunk as soon as it is made. So these good Russians must have something near them on which to heat the water. In the middle of the samovar is a cylinder in which hot coals are placed, and the water is heated around this cylinder. The boiling water is taken out whenever it is wanted and poured on the tea in papa's tumbler or mamma's cup. No milk, if you please, to suit their taste, and no sugar in the tea. They prefer to take a lump of the very hardest sugar in their fingers and nibble it as they swallow the beverage they like so much. A slice of lemon is often put in the tumbler with the tea. People in our own country have begun to copy this custom, and drink Our Little Russian Cousin 15 what we call “Russian tea.” No doubt you have heard of it. Let us turn to the wall and notice the large picture of the Madonna and the infant Jesus hanging there. A lamp is burning in front of it. If Petrovna comes into the room now, she will go to that picture at once and cross herself before it. Every devout Russian has at least one religious picture in his house, and will always pay it reverence when he enters. If a thief should happen to come into Pe- trovna's house in the night, he would not dare to steal in the presence of such a picture, however brave he might be. He would first hang a cloth over the painting. Then he would go on with his wicked work without further thought. There is a large organ in this grand draw- ing-room. It is played almost automatically. (A big word, isn't it?) Petrovna ºnd Ivan have music boxes here, as the Russians are 16 Our Little Russian Cousin very fond of music. I fear they are rather lazy, though, for many of their musical instru- ments do not depend on the skill of those who play upon them. They make what we call mechanical music. There are several little tables about the room, as Petrovna's mamma and papa are fond of playing cards with their friends. In- deed, you need not be surprised at seeing the rich merchant playing a game at his store any hour of the day. He smokes and drinks tea while he plays. And mamma does the same. Yes, my dears, the women of Russia, of your own white race, roll their dainty cigarettes and smoke them as commonly as the men do. Petrovna will doubtless do this very thing when she is older. When she comes to America she will probably be much surprised to see only men practising the habit. Petrovna and Ivan go to bed much later than their cousins across the Atlantic, while BABY BROTHER AND HIS NURSE. Our Little Russian Cousin 17 their parents often sit up till three or four o'clock in the morning. Such a gay, city as they live in Balls and parties, theatres and sleigh-rides, night after night in the winter season. Of course people cannot rise early for breakfast if they are awake nearly all night. It is not often that Petrovna's papa goes to his store before ten or eleven o’clock in the morning. The whole city looks sleepy and dis- mal before that time. The sky is gray and dreary, and the fog is thick and damp. The stores are closed, and few people are to be Seen. But it is dinner-time. Here come the chil- dren with their skates on their arms, and with them are the nurse and their baby brother. He has been out for a ride in his little sleigh. He is wrapped up so tightly you can hardly see his fat cheeks and the dimple in his chin. As nurse takes off her hood and cape, I want you to notice her dress. It is the 18 Our Little Russian Cousin national costume of Russia. She wears a loose white undergarment with full short sleeves. It is low in the neck. She has a dark skirt over this. The band is fastened around her body under the arms, while straps over the shoulders hold it in place. I must not forget to mention a large white apron, which is fastened by a belt around her waist. Nor would she think herself dressed without her ear-rings and bead necklace. The mo- ment her hood is taken off she puts a high cap of bright-coloured muslin on her head. This is always worn in the house to show she is a married woman. And here come papa and mamma. Papa is a fine-looking man with a long beard. Mamma looks good and kind, and has a sweet voice, but she could not be called pretty. Dinner is waiting, and all have fine appe- tites. As they enter the dining-room they do not sit down to the table at once. One by Our Little Russian Cousin 19 one they go up to a sideboard where all sorts of cold dishes are served. There are dried beef smoked salmon, cheese, radishes, and other relishes of which Russians are fond. Each one helps himself to some of these dain- ties. They take small portions, however, for this is what they call the zakushka, or appe- tiser. You need not try to pronounce it unless you wish. It is to make them hungrier for the solid meal, which comes afterward. How these people do eat! First there is cabbage soup, made of chopped cabbage which has been boiled with a piece of meat. Pe- trovna first dips her spoon into a dish of barley beside her plate, and then into the soup. She is very fond of this national dish. The richest and the poorest people, even the Czar himself, eat it continually and never tire of it. The only difference is that the poor peasant can seldom afford the meat which improves its flavour so much. 20 Our Little Russian Cousin Next comes a pie made of fish and raisins. It seems rather queer to us to have these two things cooked together, but our Russian cous- ins think it is very good. And now a roast lamb is served with salted cucumbers, followed by buckwheat pudding, and ices, for dessert. Last, but not least, the samovar is set on the table, and cup after cup of delicious tea is drunk by the family. I forgot to tell you that sour cream was served with the soup, and papa and mamma drank some cordial while they ate of the zakushka. This was to encourage their appetites still more. But I certainly can't see what need there was. They ate and ate, and drank tea and still more tea, till it seemed as if they would be made ill. It is said that Russians are among the largest eaters in the world. If this be so, I do not wonder that so many of them grow stout. This makes me think of a story I Our Little Russian Cousin 21 read the other day. Perhaps you would like to hear it. There was a certain soldier in Russia who ate so much that his friends used to lay wagers with strangers as to the quantity he could eat at a single time. His friends generally won, too. It happened one day that the colonel of the regiment made a large wager that the man could eat a whole sheep at one meal. The cook prepared the sheep in many ways, in order to encourage the man's appetite. Of one part he made a pie, of another a stew, of still another a hash, and so O11. The man swallowed one preparation after another until the sheep was almost eaten, when he looked up and said, “If you give me so much zakushka, I am afraid I will not be able to eat the sheep when it is brought in.” You understand the joke, of course, when you re- member that the zakushka is made of the side dishes one eats before the regular meal Our Little Russian Cousin 23 unbending. They are fastened to a very strong framework. Now guess, if you please, why this ice hill, as it is called, was made in Petrovna's back yard. To amuse her and her little brother, of course. They are very fond of coasting. They like it even better than skating. So their thought- ful papa hired two workmen. They made the framework and laid great blocks of ice close together upon the slant. They then poured water over the ice to make it perfectly smooth. The cold winds blew upon it. It froze solid in a few minutes, and not a crack in the ice can be seen. It will last all winter, for in Russia the warm days, that we sometimes have in January, are scarcely known. Petrovna and Ivan take their sleds every morning as soon as lessons are over, and away they run up the steps of their ice hill. Hurrah! Now hold your breath, for away they go, faster and faster, down the hill and over the pond 24 Our Little Russian Cousin below. How they shout with delight! They travel more quickly than any express train you eVer SaW. I am afraid you will be a little envious of their fun and wish you had a private ice hill like theirs. The best part of it is that these little Russians don't have to wait for a good snow-storm to make coasting for them. It is always on hand and made to order. Petrovna has a hill made of polished wood at her summer home on the island. It cost a good deal of money, but her papa thought, “What does that matter? The children like coasting better than any other sport, so coast- ing they shall have.” There are public ice-hills in several parts of the city. Both old and young people are very fond of coasting. The Emperor himself has a slide of beautiful mahogany in his palace. It has been polished until it shines like one of the finest pieces of furniture. Our Little Russian Cousin 25 Petrovna and Ivan do not go to school as some of the poor children do. They have a French governess. She teaches them to read, write, and spell. She also gives them lessons in French and German. She is a fine scholar, and Petrovna's papa and mamma respect her greatly. She is treated like one of the family and meets all of their friends. Petrovna's mamma wished her children's governess to be a Frenchwoman, because French is gen- erally spoken in good society in Russia. Of course she can teach them to pronounce it better than a person of their own country could. Besides the two languages they are studying now, Ivan and Petrovna will soon take Latin, and perhaps Italian. Well-educated people of Russia often speak several different lan- guages. But there are thousands, yes, mil- lions of the poor in their land who cannot read their own language or even write their 26 Our Little Russian Cousin own names | The schools are not as common, you see, as in this country, but they are grow- ing better every year. By the way, I must tell you that there are more than forty different tongues spoken in the various parts of the great country of Rus- sia. If you learned to speak the Russian language in one part of it, you might not understand what the people say in a different part. In Petrovna's yard there is a little house close to the main one. If she should let you look in, you would see a large brick oven at the end of the room. Wide shelves are fastened one above another on the side of the wall. You can't imagine what this place is used for, so I shall certainly have to tell you. It is the family bath-house. I can hear you cry, “What a bath-house ! I don't see any tub, or, in fact, anything that looks like a bath-house.” But the children of Our Little Russian Cousin 27 Russia do not take water baths as you do, They are bathed by steam. Every Saturday a big fire is made in the stove, and when the bricks are very hot, water is poured over them. The room is filled with hot steam. Petrovna delights in this weekly bath. At first she lies on a low shelf until she gets quite warm. The perspiration starts out all over her little naked body. Then her maid places her on a higher shelf and pours more water over the stove. More steam rises, and Petrovna grows warmer and warmer. It seems as though she would suffocate. Now for a still higher shelf in the room. Of course the higher up the little girl goes, the hotter she grows. The water fairly runs out of the pores of her skin, now. Instead of looking like a lily, she would remind you of a boiled lobster. Shouldn't you think she would get cold after a hot bath like that, especially as she 28 Our Little Russian Cousin is going out of doors into the freezing air? She never does, however, and I will tell you why. When she has been steamed enough, she is slowly cooled off by having first warm and then cold water poured over her. When all is finished, and she has been rubbed down, she feels as fresh and sweet as a flower. She is ready for the next day's duty and pleasure now. To-morrow is the Sabbath, and every good Russian takes his bath on the day before. Sunday morning comes. Every one of the family wears his holiday clothes, for, after breakfast, all will attend church service. Petrovna's mamma has promised to take her to-day to the cathedral of St. Mark. She is so pleased she can hardly wait till the time comes to put on her wraps. No hat for her, if you please. That would not keep her dear little head warm enough. She wears a hood with a deep cape, and a long white Our Little Russian Cousin 29 cloak of astrakhan. Perhaps you have a muff of the same material. I wonder if you think it is fur. Astrakhan is the soft white fleece taken from the new-born lamb of a peculiar kind of sheep. The sooner the baby lamb is killed, the handsomer is the wool. Every year thousands of sheep are raised in Asia so that the beautiful white, gray, and black astrakhan can be sent to Russia, and to people in other parts of the world. Petrovna wears her hood and cloak with the wool inside to keep her all the warmer. Her mamma has a hood and cloak of the richest sable. It cost thousands of dollars. You cannot see its beauty, for she wears it with the fur on the inside to keep her com- fortable, just as Petrovna does. The sleigh is at the door, and it is time to leave. What a curious one it is l It is low and small, and the back of the seat is so low that Petrovna might fall over backward 3o Our Little Russian Cousin if she were not used to it. There is just room enough for the little girl and her mamma, with a small seat in front for the coachman. Notice his queer clothes and his funny-looking hat. It makes you think of a battered stovepipe. The upper part of the crown is much wider than the lower part, and the narrow brim curls up. His blue cloak is quite loose, and has a long plaited skirt. It is fastened on one side with six metal but- tons. A heavy leather belt is clasped around his waist. Observe the horses. They are fine-looking animals, but how queerly they are harnessed. The middle one has a high wooden yoke about his neck. The rest of the harness is fastened to that. The horses on the outside are at- tached to the one in the middle by a single rein. They are left quite free in their mo- tions. They are called madmen. Some sleighs have one horse, some two, and some three. Our Little Russian Cousin 31 And now Petrovna and her mamma are seated, the fur robes are tucked snugly in, the coachman jumps to his seat and makes a kind of clucking noise. The horses rush onward at a furious rate, and still Petrovna calls out, “Faster l’” She is not afraid of accident, nor is she satisfied, although the horses seem to be doing their best. Russians are not fond of exercising themselves, but they dearly like to be moved as fast as possible. This is why they like sleighing and coasting better than any other sports. As Petrovna rides along she finds that the streets are full of sleighs, yet they do not sound so merry as they do in our own land. What is the difference? There are no sleigh- bells. There is a law that none can be used in the cities of Russia. I will tell you the reason. There are so many sleighs, and the streets are so crowded with them (for hardly any person walks), that the drivers would get 32 Our Little Russian Cousin confused by the sound of so many bells, and run into each other. There is a very severe punishment for the one who causes such an accident. But strange to say, al- though there is so much driving, few people are injured. The coachmen are very careful, although they probably drive faster than the people of any other country. In a few minutes Petrovna and her mamma arrive in front of a very grand building. This is the cathedral. Papa and the rest of the family drive up at the same time, and all alight. See the crowd of beggars at the gates | There are poor men and women who ask for enough money to buy a dinner of coarse black bread. There are nuns who are asking alms to support their convent. Few people are willing to refuse at the very doors of the church. The cathedral is built in the shape of a cross. All churches in Russia are built in A VERY GRAND BUILDING. Our Little Russian Cousin 33 the same way. But notice these massive steps. Each is cut out of a single block of granite. Stand off a little and look at the great, shining dome. It is made of copper but is covered thickly with gold. It is so far up, and shines so brightly in the sunlight, that it is a beacon- light to the sailors far out on the sea. Now let us follow our little cousin and enter the cathedral. How dark, and yet how beauti- ful it is There are no seats. Rich and poor are standing together in worship. See those great columns of beautiful stones. The deli- cate sea-green is malachite. That heavenly blue is lapis lazuli. Does it not make you think of fairy-land? Notice, please, the num- ber of beautiful pictures. There are no statues or images in the building, because the Russian Church does not think it right to worship them. Listen to the music. There is no organ, but hidden from sight is a choir of men 34 Our Little Russian Cousin who are chanting. Are not their voices fine? Would you not like to stay all day to listen to such music? But what is Petrovna doing? As she entered the church she bought a can- dle at a stand near the door. Now she brings it to a shrine at the side of the great building. She offers it to a priest, who lights it and places it in a silver stand in front of the sacred picture. There are several holes in the stand, in which other candles are burning. The priest allows each candle to burn only a minute or two, because many other people keep coming up. They wish to have their candles burn there also. As our dear little cousin stands there cross- ing herself devoutly, let us notice the picture of the Madonna before which the candles are burning. Her dress, as well as the halo around her head, is fairly covered with gold and silver and precious stones. Good and pious people have spent thousands of dollars 36 Our Little Russian Cousin a time for parties in winter, and picnics in the summer-time. Sometimes in the morning Petrovna and her brother go to early market with the maid. It is more fun in winter than in summer, even though “Jack Frost” is on the watch to nip off their noses. Snow is everywhere to be seen on the housetops and fences, and great drifts of snow are being dug out in the streets. Icicles are hanging from every corner. Yes, Jack Frost is a merry-looking fellow, but he is ready to bite you if he has half a chance. Petrovna touches her nose and cheeks every little while to be sure they are not numb. It is so easy in northern Russia to find oneself with a frozen ear or nose. A disagreeable surprise party, indeed. But the market ! You never saw anything like it. It is well that it is called “the frozen market.” Here are whole sheep standing on their stiff, frozen legs, and looking at you with 38 Our Little Russian Cousin creatures, bring them nearer to the hearts of . everybody. The figures of many of the ani- mals that live in his stories are carved on his monument. But look | What is all this commotion about? See the crowd gathering, on the side- walks. The street is cleared by the police, for the Emperor is coming, the Great White Czar. First comes a squadron of cavalry, and behind them is the royal sleigh. It is drawn by two beautiful horses. Three officers sit in the sleigh with the Emperor. What a fine face and figure he has He looks kind and noble, out worn with the cares of his great empire. As he passes along, the people cheer with might. They love him with all their hearts. He is the head of their Church. He is the father of this great people. They worship him, and would save him all his care if they could. But alas ! there are enemies in this very city who may even now Our Little Russian Cousin 39 .* be plotting to take his life. They do not believe in kings, nor, indeed, in rulers of any kind. They work secretly against him with other people all over Russia. Although from time to time they are discovered and killed or sent into exile, others take their places. This great ruler, who is warmly loved by his sub- jects, is in danger of his life all the time. No wonder he looks so careworn. Petrovna and Ivan look long and tenderly after him, cheering till their little throats are quite tired out. Then they hurry home to tell mamma what they have seen to-day. At dinner Ivan said, “Papa, I wish you would tell me something about the Cossacks. They seem to go everywhere the Czar does. I noticed them in the body of cavalry this morning. They look and dress so differently from us, but they ride their horses nobly. I would like to look like a Cossack when on horseback.” 40 Our Little Russian Cousin “They are noble men, indeed,” said papa. “Their home is far away from us, in the south of Russia. A long time ago they were at war with us, but now they are good friends and strong defenders of our country. In time of war they are the spies and scouts. They are so faithful that the Emperor can feel perfectly safe when they are near. They pay no taxes, but give their services in the army instead.” “Papa,” interrupted Ivan, “why do they wear long beards and have no buttons on their coats? That is not like the rest of the cavalry. And they carry no cartridge-boxes.” “That is true,” was the reply. “The Cos- sacks detest buttons, and hook their coats over, just as ladies often do. The cartridges are carried in a row of pockets on the breasts of their coats. You see they are a very inde- pendent people, and insist on dressing in their own manner. The Czar allows them to do so because they are so good in other ways. Our Little Russian Cousin 41 “You should see them in war. They dare to go into the greatest of dangers. They admire bravery more than anything else in the world. Just before a battle they wash themselves and dress with the greatest care. They believe that they must be clean if they would enter heaven. But when the battle is over they draw up in line, leaving empty places for their fellows who have fallen. Then they sing sad songs in memory of them. “In their own home they treat each other like brothers, and share the land in common. They are good to their cattle and horses. After a long march they will always care for their horses and feed them before doing any- thing for themselves. Before they eat they always wash themselves, oil their hair, and pray. They are as fond of tea as we are, my boy. ... “But this is enough for to-night. I hope - you will study your history carefully as you * 42 Our Little Russian Cousin grow older. I want you to know more about the Cossacks, as well as many other interest- ing people who live in this great strong coun- try of ours.” Not many miles from the fine city in which Petrovna lives are some other children whose home is very different from hers. Their parents are peasants who were serfs not many years ago. A serf was one kind of slave, for he belonged either to the Emperor or some rich nobleman. He could be bought and sold just like a horse. But the grandfather of the present Czar said, “My people must all be free. No human being in my empire shall be a slave any longer.” That was the end of serfdom. But these people are still very, very poor. Few of them can read a book. Many of them are lazy and fond of strong drink. They live in little villages all over Russia. There are more peasants than all other classes of people in the country. Our Little Russian Cousin 43 ~ Petrovna's papa must soon go to one of these villages on business. His little daughter is going with him. She is sorry for the poor peasants. She wishes she could give their children some pretty playthings like hers. She carries a new red skirt for a little girl there whom she knows. The village looks very bare in the winter season. It is still more so in the summer time. No trees, no sidewalks, scanty gardens, and scarcely what you could call a street. Only wide pathways between the rows of huts, which are huddled together. There is only one two-story house in the place. This is owned by the storekeeper or village mer- chant. He sells the peasants everything they need to buy. He is not of the peasant class himself. He came to live here in order to make money out of these poor men and women. The village well, from which every one in the place draws his water, is near his 44 Our Little Russian Cousin house. On the side of the well hangs a sacred picture, so that every one who comes there may worship first. On the front of each hut are three little windows, close together. The sashes and frames are painted a bright red, or perhaps a gaudy purple. The Russian peasant is very fond of colour, and will work hard for the sake of a new red shirt for himself or a yellow skirt for his wife. The porch and doorway are on one side of the hut. In summer time an earthen kettle hangs down from the roof, and as the father comes home from his work he will stop a moment and tip a little water out of the kettle over his hands. He rubs them together and wipes himself on the tail of his shirt. This is the only washing he has except the weekly steaming in the village bath-house. Look at the flocks of pigeons around the house. They are very tame. They appear | _ in the Peasant VILLAGe. Our Little Russian Cousin 45 well fed and fat. In Russia the pigeon or dove is a sacred bird and is never harmed. The rough peasant will share his last crust with a pigeon. Petrovna goes to the door of one of the cottages and passes inside. Oh dear, how close the place is . It smells strongly of the cabbage soup boiling for the day's dinner. Only one small room in the house. Yet there is a large family of children living here, besides half a dozen shaggy-haired dogs. With the exception of the big brick stove, there is no furniture except what the father made himself. In one corner of the room is a rickety table. A narrow bench is built against the wall on two sides of the room. There are no chairs and no beds. How do they get along? And yet they seem quite happy and com- fortable. Papa and mamma sleep up on top of the big stove. The older children sleep beside them. Don't worry, my dears. They 46 Our Little Russian Cousin do not get burned, but like their hard, warm bed very much. The logs burn down to ashes in the daytime. The bricks are just pleasantly warm by night. But the little girl to whom Petrovna has brought the dress, and her three-year-old brother, where do they sleep? On the benches against the walls. If they should have bad dreams and tumble off in the night, it would not matter so very much, for the bench is near the floor. When meal time comes, the family does not gather around the table, for as I told you, there are no seats that can be moved. They sit on the benches, and the table is therefore kept in the corner of the room. They can sit at only two sides of it, of course. But I have not yet spoken of the most im- portant thing in the house. It is the Ikon, or sacred picture. The priest blessed it before it was brought to the home. There is a place Our Little Russian Cousin 47 for a candle to burn in front of it, but these poor people cannot afford to keep one lighted all the time. This picture has no gold upon it, like the one in Petrovna's house. It cost only a few pennies, but it is sacred, neverthe- less. The family give it reverence many times a day. It is never forgotten as they enter the room. It sometimes happens, I am sorry to say, that the father comes home the worse for taking strong drink. Perhaps he cannot walk straight, and hangs his head from side to side. But when he opens the door, he remembers to turn to the sacred picture and cross himself before it. Although there is so little furniture and so few windows, the room looks bright and gay. The table is painted a gorgeous red, while the benches are a brilliant green. Black bread made from coarse rye-meal, cabbage soup, weak tea (for they cannot 48 Our Little Russian Cousin afford to have it strong), are the daily food of the peasants. If they can get some buck- wheat and dried herring, once in awhile, they think themselves well-off. They have many happy times, these poor people of Russia. When work is done for the day, they dance and sing, and play upon the concertina, if any one in the village owns one of these cheap musical instruments. When Petrovna takes out the red dress for the little girl and a large package of buck- wheat which mamma has sent to the family, every one in the house shouts with delight. It seems as though they could not thank her enough. Even the dogs wake up and begin to bark in excitement. In the midst of it all Petrovna's papa calls for her. She must go back to the grand city and her fine home. She will forget for a time that all children in the world cannot be as well dressed and well fed as herself. Our Little Russian Cousin 49 Petrovna has never yet been far away from St. Petersburg. She longs to go to the beauti- ful white-walled city of Moscow. Her mamma has been there, and has described its beauties over and over again. It is a long journey from St. Petersburg. As you draw near the city, a blaze of colour is spread out before you. Domes of red and gold and purple are shining on the hilltops in the glorious sunlight. Churches and towers and palaces are without number, and differ from each other in shape and beauty. Mos- cow is a mass of colour made of countless gems and countless tints. In the midst of the city is the Kremlin or citadel. But the Kremlin is not one building. It is really a fortress surrounded by a massive wall that encloses many palaces and cathedrals, beautiful gardens and stately convents. Great gates open into it, and each has its story. One of them is called the Nicholas gate. A picture Our Little Russian Cousin 51 Petersburg. That was not to be thought of All Czars must be married as well as crowned in Moscow, and, until the time of Peter the Great, all have been buried there. The coronation of the present Czar was the greatest spectacle of modern times. Petrovna hears her mamma sigh when she tries to de- scribe it. Everything was so grand and shin- ing and gorgeous, – processions and fireworks, music and feasting, everybody pleased and gaily dressed; men in silk and velvet, ladies sparkling in satins covered with pearls and diamonds; the double-headed eagle, the bird of Russia, showing its gilded crowns every- where. In the evening there were no rockets and Roman candles, but fireworks that were con- stantly shining, while the fronts of the build- ings were covered with candles burning in glass globes. Such horses, such elegant carriages, and 52 Our Little Russian Cousin such fine parks to drive in And through the city ran the river, reflecting the lights from all sides. There were days and days of feasting, from the time the new Emperor arrived in the city. He appeared in the grand procession mounted on a snow-white horse. He was dressed very simply in dark green, wearing a cap of astra- khan. Behind him came a great array of princes and grand-dukes. Next came the Emperor's mother in a carriage drawn by eight superb horses. After this appeared the carriage of the Empress. It was all of gold, and also drawn by eight snow-white horses. How the crowd cheered, and cheered again! If this could show how devoted the people were to their ruler, their love could not be measured. The governor of the city came out to meet the Czar and presented him with bread and salt. Our Little Russian Cousin 53 These are the emblems of trust and friend- ship. Then the royal family rode onward till they came to a little chapel, where the Emperor and Empress alighted. They passed in alone to worship. Now to the Kremlin, where a multitude was waiting for them. There were thousands of the peasants, who had travelled hundreds of miles on foot. They wished to see, if only for one moment, the head of their Church and State. There were princes and officers from every country of the world. There were Chinese mandarins, Persian rulers, wealthy Indians, people of all colours and races. And all were dressed in the richest robes that money could buy and art design. Such a mass of colour ! Such sparkling of precious stones | Such a wealth of satin and lace and velvet and cloth of silver and gold ! After his entrance of triumph into the city, the Emperor and Empress retired from the 54 Our Little Russian Cousin public eye for three days. They must fast and pray until the time that the Czar should be crowned, else they would not be in right condition for this ceremony. But the others in the crowded city did not fast. The days were given to pleasures of all kinds, – eating, drinking, music, and dancing. At last the Czar was crowned It was in the cathedral, where all other Czars have been crowned before. He himself put on the robe and collar, and assumed the crown of empire. The heavy crown of gold was placed on his head by his own hands. He then made a noble prayer for himself and the great empire, and for the millions of people who are his devoted subjects. How fair and strong and kindly was his face | Never had Petrovna's mamma seen anything so grand or so solemn. She stops and repeats a prayer now for the good Emperor Nicholas II. When the ceremony was ended there was a Our Little Russian Cousin 55 ringing of bells all over the city. Hundreds of cannon were fired. Then more feasting and merriment followed for days yet to come. Free dinners were served every day to five thousand of the poor. The Czar did not forget them. They feasted as they had never done before in their lives. At last came the great day of the festival. It was called the “people's fete.” Every one was welcome. There were shows of all kinds that you can imagine. There were concerts and plays, boxing and fencing matches, trained animals, — everything to make the people happy. Overlooking it all sat the Czar in a grand pavilion. All the lords and ladies of the land were about him. How delightful it was Petrovna's mamma leans back in her chair and smiles softly to herself as she thinks of that joyful time. On many a winter evening, as they sit around the big porcelain stove and sip the 56 Our Little Russian Cousin tea, Petrovna and Ivan beg for stories. They like fairy tales best of all. Their favourite one is the story of “Frost.” Perhaps you would like to hear it. Once upon a time there was a man who had three children. His wife was extremely fond of two of the daughters, but she was cruel and unkind to the third girl, whose name was Marfa. This was because Marfa was her stepdaughter. She made Marfa get up early in the morning to work, while her stepsisters were having a nice nap. The poor girl had to feed the cattle, bring in the wood, make the fire, and sweep the room. After this she must mend the clothes and do many other things before the rest of the family stirred. What a hard time she had, poor child ! And then she was only scolded for her labour. She did not have a kind word from any one except her old father, and then only when they were alone together. He was afraid of Our Little Russian Cousin 57 his wife, and did not dare to be good to Marfa when the others were around. She was a beautiful girl, and was sweet and patient, besides. Her stepmother was jealous of her because she was so much lovelier than her sisters. The old woman said to herself, “I will put the girl out of my sight and get rid of her. I hate her.” That very night she said to her husband, “Come, old man, get up early in the morning and harness the horse. Take Marfa away on a visit.” Then she turned to her stepdaugh- ter, and said, “Put your clothes together and dress neatly when you get up, for your father will be ready to take you away.” The girl was delighted. She thought how nice it would be to go where people would be kind to her. Morning came. Marfa washed herself carefully, prayed to God, put on her best dress, and looked lovely enough to be a bride. 58 Our Little Russian Cousin The old stepmother called her to a break- fast of cold cabbage soup, and then said to her, “Now, Marfa, get out of my sight for ever. I have seen enough of you. The sledge is at the door. Husband, take Marfa to her bridegroom. Go straight down the road, turn to the right, go up the hill till you come to an old pine-tree, and there leave the girl for Frost. He will soon come to get her.” The poor old father looked sad enough when he heard these words, but he did not dare to disobey his wife. He and Marfa got into the sledge and rode away slowly. His daugh- ter was weeping bitterly. In a little while they came to the place where they were ordered to stop. Marfa got out and sat down under the pine-tree. The old man rode away. He thought he should never see his darling child again. He wept at the thought Soon he was out of sight. MARFA AND FROST. 6o Our Little Russian Cousin answer, “Oh, yes, dearest sir, I am warm enough.” Frost took pity on the poor patient maiden. He brought furs and warm blankets and wrapped her up in them. Then he left her. She slept unharmed all night, and, when she woke in the morning, she found gifts of rich clothing which Frost had brought her in the night. Her father soon appeared with the sledge. He had expected to find her dead body, but she was well and healthy. Not even a finger was frozen. How the old man rejoiced. He took Marfa and her fine presents into the sledge, and they rode home together. You can imagine how angry the stepmother was when she saw the girl again. But when she heard how kind Frost had been, and saw the beautiful clothing he had given Marfa, she said, “Husband, you must take my girls to their bridegroom. He will be far kinder to them than he has been to Marfa, I am Our Little Russian Cousin 61 sure of that.” Then she said to her daugh- ters, “I have found a bridegroom for you. You must go to meet him.” The next morning the girls got up and dressed themselves in their best. They were very happy. They thought to themselves, “Oh, my, what a fine time we shall have l’” They got into the sledge with their father and away they went. They soon came to the pine- tree where Marfa had stayed the other night. They got out and sat down. Their father drove away. The girls began to laugh together. They said, “What a queer idea of mother to send us here for a bridegroom, - as if there were not enough young men in the village.” It was bitter cold, and they soon began to get cross and quarrel with each other. One of them said, “Suppose only one bridegroom comes, whom will he take 2 ” “It will be I, of course,” was her sister's reply. “Indeed, 62 Our Little Russian Cousin no,” exclaimed the other; “I will be the chosen one.” They grew colder and colder, stiffer and stiffer. But they kept quarrelling and calling each other bad names. Frost was some way off, but the girls now heard him cracking his fingers and snapping the pine-trees. “Listen, some one is coming. I hear sleigh-bells,” said the older sister. But the other would not listen. She declared she was too cold. Frost came nearer and nearer. At last he stood in front of the two girls. He spoke to them just as he had to Marfa before. “Well, my darlings, are you cold?” But the girls only answered with bad words. They called Frost names such as no wise person would dare to speak to this great being. Yet again he called out, “Are you warm, my pretty ones?” And again they answered him with curses. But as they did so they fell dead to the ground. Our Little Russian Cousin 63 The next morning the old woman said to her husband, “Come, harness the horse quickly, and go fetch the girls home. There was a terrible frost last night. They must be half-dead with cold.” The father did as she bid him, and drove away to the pine-tree. But what did he see 2 Two lifeless bodies, frozen stiff! He put them in the sledge, cov- ered them over, and carried them home. As he drove up to the cottage, the old woman went out to meet her daughters. What a sight was there ! The girls had indeed met their bridegroom, but it was Death. After this the old woman treated her step- daughter all the worse for awhile, but she soon got over it. She grew kind and loving. They lived pleasantly ever after. Marfa married a neighbour who had a good home to give her. She and her chil- dren are very happy. But when her children are naughty, their grandfather frightens them 64 Our Little Russian Cousin by saying, “Look out, or Frost will get you.” Petrovna and Ivan shiver as the story ends, and draw nearer their dear mamma, as though she could protect them from any danger. The long, cold winter is gone at last. The ice of the river begins to break up. It has been frozen solid for months, but now it is cracking and softening and beginning to move out to the sea. The commander of the fort on the opposite side of the river discovered this last midnight. He did not wait a single moment. He started at once to carry the glad news to the Emperor, while cannon were fired off from the fort. When he reached the palace, perhaps you think the attendants kept him waiting because the Czar was asleep. Not at all. He was shown at once into the royal presence. He presented the Czar with a goblet filled with ice-cold water he had brought from the Our Little Russian Cousin 65 river. This was his way of stating the good news. The Emperor drank to the good for- tune of the city, and then filled the goblet with silver for the bringer of the news. In olden times the goblets grew larger every year. It cost the Czar more money each time. At last he said, “Let the glass always be of a certain size, after this.” Of course, that settled it. When the news was brought to the city, everybody was glad. The next day was made a holiday. Petrovna and Ivan were excused from lessons and went out to see the sights. Eight weeks before Easter, comes Butter- Week. The whole city gives itself up for seven days of feasting and festival. Pancakes are eaten at every meal. Not like the pan- cakes your mamma makes, my dears. At least, I hope not. For the Russian pancakes, or “blinni,” as they are called, are much too rich for your little stomachs. They are made 66 Our Little Russian Cousin of flour and butter, cooked in butter, and eaten with butter. And not only is this greasy food eaten in quantities, but many other things containing a great deal of fat. Petrovna's mamma has a blinni party for her friends, and Petrovna has another for her playmates. The family are invited out to blinni parties at other houses. They are the queerest parties you ever heard of. Even in the grandest houses they are held in the kitchen. Perhaps you can guess the reason. The cakes must be eaten hot, as soon as they come off the griddle. Therefore the people must sit as near the stove as possible. Petrovna eats her favourite cakes, until she can swallow nothing more. By the end of the week her head, as well as her stomach, be- gins to ache. She is all ready for the seven weeks of fasting before Easter. She is a faith- ful little girl, and never thinks of fussing be- cause she must now live very quietly. She Our Little Russian Cousin 67 goes often to church, and repeats many prayers. She eats the simplest food, but all Russia does the same, so she has plenty of company. The night before Easter comes at last. Petrovna and Ivan do not go to bed as early as usual. They leave home with their parents a little while before midnight. They are going to church. Everybody else in the city goes, to O. The streets are full of carriages as they ride along. Our little Russian cousins are driven to the same cathedral to which you have been with them before. They enter and join the crowd of worshippers. The lights burn dimly. All is silent. The great bell begins to ring the midnight hour. The other bells of the city join. As the last stroke is sounded the priests come out through the doors of the sanctuary. Listen they are chanting, “ Christ is risen Christ is risen l’” The people respond, “Christ is risen.” 68 Our Little Russian Cousin At the beginning of the chant all begin to move around, kissing friends and acquaintances in every direction. The bells keep pealing forth the glad news. Cannonſ are fired off throughout the city. Rockets are flashing in the sky. The cathedral itself suddenly becomes ablaze with light. The kissing lasts all night and during the next day. No one thinks of meeting another without a cordial greeting and a kiss. Old men kiss each other. Old women kiss, chil- dren kiss. The Emperor kisses all those of his household. Petrovna's papa kisses his clerks. Petrovna herself, dear little maiden, kisses right and left, with the most loving heart in the world. For this is Easter-time, the glorious time when all should love each other and show it as best they can. Feasting begins with the kissing. It is a great holiday for everybody. Petrovna's mamma has a grand dinner-party for her Our Little Russian Cousin 69 friends. But she does not forget those who are not so well off as herself. Many a basket of good things is sent out to poor homes. Many a blessing is given our little Petrovna, who rides about the city leaving her mamma's gifts. Yes, indeed, it is a beautiful time, this Easter day in Russia. As the weather gets warmer, Petrovna be- gins to look forward to the great fair of Nijni- Novgorod. It will be a long, long journey. She has never travelled so far in her life be- fore. But dear kind papa has promised her she shall go with him this time. He travels there himself every year to trade with the merchants of far-away countries. The day before they are ready to start, he comes home earlier than usual from his place of business. He says, “Come, Petrovna and Ivan, ask the maid to put on your best clothes. I am going to take you to the Winter Palace. You have teased me to take 7o Our Little Russian Cousin you there often enough. Hurry, or we shall not have time.” The children scamper away. They are soon dressed. Their papa looks at his pretty children with pride, as he helps them into the carriage. Away they dash over the pavements till they draw up in front of an immense build- ing. It is painted brownish-red and yellow. The outside is ornamented with the figures of angels, and many other beautiful things. This is the Winter Palace. It is the largest residence in the whole world. Six thousand people live in it. Shouldn't you be afraid of getting lost there? There is a story that a servant kept some cows in one of the garrets there, a long time ago, and no one found it out for a long while. Petrovna and Ivan open their eyes wide as they pass through the high gilded halls; they see so many beautiful things to admire. Such richly carved chairs and tables | Such Our Little Russian Cousin 71 immense vases of malachite and jasper and porphyry ! So many fine paintings of the Czars and generals and other great people of Russia! … In the throne-room of Peter the Great the walls are hung with red velvet. Golden eagles are beautifully embroidered upon it. But the royal jewels How Petrovna's blue eyes sparkle as she looks upon the crown of her Emperor. It is in the shape of a dome, and is studded with large diamonds, with a border of pearls. At the very top of it is an immense ruby. It is very beautiful. The Empress's coronet is most dainty. It is of diamonds of the same size. It is enough to dazzle one with its beauty. In the room where these jewels are kept and guarded there are many others noted all over the world. The sceptre of the Czar bears one of the largest diamonds ever discovered. Many years ago a rich count gave it to the Our Little Russian Cousin 73 several hours of the next day. As they near the end, the weather grows warmer, the trees are larger and the grass greener than at home. For they are farther south. They are too tired to look out of the windows any longer. Petrovna is dozing away, and dreaming of her loved ice-hill, when she finds herself gently shaken. Mamma is smiling at her and saying, “Wake up, my darling, we are here at last.” The train has stopped. Every one is getting out. Our little cousins are helped out of the car into a comfortable low carriage and are driven to a grand hotel. A good dinner is served, and Petrovna and Ivan are put to bed. They must get rested and prepare for the excitement of the coming week. They are both so tired and sleepy they are glad to rest after the long, hard journey. Perhaps you do not know that this great fair is held every year for the benefit of the people of Asia as well as Russia. After a 74 Our Little Russian Cousin long night's sleep our merchant's family go out into the streets of the old city and see many curious sights. Men of many nations are gathered together. Chinamen with their long queues and big sleeves are jostling Per- sians in flowing silk robes and gay turbans. Here are Cossacks mounted on fine horses acting as policemen. There are some gypsies on their way to the fair. They expect to tell fortunes and make much money out of the curious peasants. What a bustle and commotion | What a discord of strange languages on every side What variety of costumes, and, above all, what dust 1 The fair grounds are about a mile from the hotel. Our little cousins are in as much of a hurry to get there as you would be. It does not take long, however, for the driver of their carriage hurries his horses onward through the crowd. —“º- | THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY AST or, LF Nox AND Tit-D-N FOUNDATIONS. - Our Little Russian Cousin 75 Now for the fair itself. It is arranged in the shape of a triangle, and covers a square mile. Not an inch of space is wasted. Every- thing is in order. Every trade has a street of its own. Many of the bazaars have signs in front. These bear the names of all the goods that are sold inside. Petrovna's papa is, of course, interested most in the tea. He wishes to buy a large stock of it for his trade at home. There are many kinds to choose from. But he must be sure to get some of the deli- cious yellow tea, which he will sell for fifteen dollars a pound. It is said to be made from the flowers of a certain kind of tea-plant, and is quite rare. The wealthy people of Russia like it so much that no one else in the world gets a chance to buy any. So I have heard, at least. If you should drink ever so little of it, you might be kept awake all night. Yet it looks very weak. Besides many expensive teas, Petrovna's 76 Our Little Russian Cousin papa orders a large supply of tea-bricks. They are made out of the refuse of the tea, and can be sold to the peasants. Poor crea- tures they are glad enough to get this poor stuff, if they cannot afford better. Now follow Petrovna as she stops at the booth of this richly dressed Persian. See the beautiful rugs and carpets hung up for sale. They will last a lifetime for those who have money enough to buy them. Here is a whole street devoted to the sale of silks. There are many beautiful shades. Petrovna shall have a piece of delicate yellow to make her a new party dress, while her mamma chooses one of rich brocade. It is heavy enough to stand alone. Let us go with our travellers and look with them at these exquisite gems, – amethysts, crystals, and the clearest of topaz. Petrovna's papa will buy one of these, no doubt. He will have it set in a ring to give his wife. Our Little Russian Cousin 77 Besides all the rich and rare things which Asia can send to the fair, Russia furnishes many things to exchange with her great neigh- bour. There are all kinds of goods, which have been made in the factories of her cities. The most important are the cotton goods, the cutlery, and the fine articles of silver. There are also immense stores of wheat, bar- ley, and other grains, and quantities of dried fruits. Especially for her own people, there are bazaars and bazaars filled with samovars of every style, rich furs from the animals of the cold lands of the north, and candles by millions. Day after day, Petrovna and Ivan wander about the fair grounds. Each time they see something new they wish to buy. When they are tired of looking about in the bazaars, they go to one of the concert-halls. They will be sure to hear some music they like. Or else 78 Our Little Russian Cousin they go to a theatre, and see a play that makes them laugh till their sides are sore. Perhaps they watch the performance of some jugglers, and try to discover how they do their wonder- ful tricks. Quite often they go into one of the restaurants with papa. While he is drink- ing tea and talking over prices with the men he meets, the children have a dainty lunch, and watch the waiters. What queer-looking people they are They are Tartars. They look much like the Chinese, except that their heads are shaven. They wear white linen shirts and trousers. Their feet are bound with pieces of cloth and encased in sandals. Among other things, Petrovna watches a band of gypsies. They are the very ones she saw in the streets the day she arrived in the city. Some of them are old and withered and ugly. They look like witches. But others are young and quite handsome, with their black hair and bright dark eyes. The women THE LITTLE COUSIN SERIES The most delightful and interesting accounts possible of child-life in other lands, filled with quaint sayings, doings, and adventures. Each I vol., 12mo, decorative cover, cloth, with six or more full-page illustrations in color. Price per volume $o.60 By MARP HAZELTOM WADE (unless otherwise indicated) Our Little African Cousin Our Little Armenian Cousin Our Little Brown Cousin Our Little Canadian Cousin By Elizabeth R. Macdonald Our Little Chinese Cousin By Isaac Taylor Headland Our Little Cuban Cousin Our Little Dutch Cousin By Blanche McManus Our Little English Cousin By Blanche McManus Our Little Eskimo Cousin Our Little French Cousin By Blanche McManus Our Little German Cousin Our Little Hawaiian Cousin Our Little Indian Cousin Our Little Irish Cousin Our Little Italian Cousin Our Little Japanese Cousin Our Little Jewish Cousin Our Little Korean Cousin By H. Lee M. Pike Our Little Mexican Cousin By Edward C. Butler Our Little Norwegian Cousin Our Little Panama Cousin By H. Lee M. Pike Our Little Philippine Cousin Our Little Porto Rican Cousin Our Little Russian Cousin Our Little Scotch Cousin By Blanche McManus Our Little Siamese Cousin Our Little Spanish Cousin By Mary F. Nixon - Roulet Our Little Swedish Cousin By Claire M. Coburn Our Little Swiss Cousin Our Little Turkish Cousin THE GOLDENROD LIBRARY The Goldenrod Library contains only the highest and purest literature, — stories which appeal alike both to chil- dren and to their parents and guardians. Each volume is well illustrated from drawings by compe- tent artists, which, together with their handsomely decorated uniform binding, showing the goldenrod, usually considered the emblem of America, is a feature of their manufacture. Each one volume, small 12mo, illustrated, dec- orated cover, paper wrapper . - - $o.35 LIST OF TITLES Aunt Nabby's Children. By Frances Hodges White. Child's Dream of a Star, The. By Charles Dickens. Flight of Rosy Dawn, The. By Pauline Bradford Mackie Findelkind. By Ouida. Fairy of the Rhone, The. By A. Comyns Carr. Gatty and I. By Frances E. Crompton. Great Emergency, A. By Juliana Horatia Ewing. Helena’s Wonderworld. By Frances Hodges White. Jackanapes. By Juliana Horatia Ewing. Jerry's Reward. By Evelyn Snead Barnett. La Belle Nivernaise. By Alphonse Daudet. Little King Davie. By Nellie Hellis. Little Peterkin Vandike. By Charles Stuart Pratt. Little Professor, The. By Ida Horton Cash. Peggy's Trial. By Mary Knight Potter. Prince Yellowtop. By Kate Whiting Patch. Provence Rose, A. By Ouida. Rab and His Friends. By Dr. John Brown. Seventh Daughter, A. By Grace Wickham Curran. Sleeping Beauty, The. By Martha Baker Dunn. Small, Small Child, A. By E. Livingston Prescott. Story of a Short Life, The. By Juliana Horatia Ewing Susanne. By Frances J. Delano. Water People, The. By Charles Lee Sleight. Young Archer, The. By Charles E. Brimblecom. A–2 COSY CORNER SERIES It is the intention of the publishers that this series shall contain only the very highest and purest literature, — stories that shall not only appeal to the children them- selves, but be appreciated by all those who feel with them in their joys and sorrows. The numerous illustrations in each book are by well-known artists, and each volume has a separate attractive cover design. Each I vol., 16mo, cloth . e e - e $o.5o By AAVAVIE FEZZO WS JOHNSTON The Little Colonel. (Trade Mark.) The scene of this story is laid in Kentucky. Its heroine is a small girl, who is known as the Little Colonel, on account of her fancied resemblance to an old-school South- ern gentleman, whose fine estate and old family are famous in the region. The Giant Scissors. This is the story of Joyce and of her adventures in France. Joyce is a great friend of the Little Colonel, and in later volumes shares with her the delightful experiences of the “House Party” and the “Holidays.” Two Little Knights of Kentucky. WHO WERE THE LITTLE COLONEL's NEIGHBORS. In this volume the Little Colonel returns to us like an old friend, but with added grace and charm. She is not, however, the central figure of the story, that place being taken by the “two little knights.” Mildred’s Inheritance. A delightful little story of a lonely English girl who comes to America and is befriended by a sympathetic American family who are attracted by her beautiful speak- ing voice. By means of this one gift she is enabled to help a school-girl who has temporarily lost the use of her eyes, and thus finally her life becomes a busy, happy one. A – 3 A. C. PAGE AAWD COMPANY'S By ANAWIE FELLOWS /OHAWSTOM (Continued) Cicely and Other Stories for Girls. The readers of Mrs. Johnston's charming juveniles will be glad to learn of the issue of this volume for young people. Aunt 'Liza's Hero and Other Stories. A collection of six bright little stories, which will appeal to all boys and most girls. Big Brother. A story of two boys. The devotion and care of Steven, himself a small boy, for his baby brother, is the theme of the simple tale. Ole Mammy's Torment. “Ole Mammy's Torment” has been fitly called “a classic of Southern life.” It relates the haps and mishaps of a small negro lad, and tells how he was led by love and kind- ness to a knowledge of the right. The Story of Dago. In this story Mrs. Johnston relates the story of Dago, a pet monkey, owned jointly by two brothers. Dago tells his own story, and the account of his haps and mishaps is both interesting and amusing. The Quilt That Jack Built. A pleasant little story of a boy's labor of love, and how it changed the course of his life many years after it was accomplished. Flip's Islands of Providence. A story of a boy's life battle, his early defeat, and his final triumph, well worth the reading. A— 4 COSY CORAVER SERIES By EDITH ROBINSO/W A Little Puritan’s First Christmas. A story of Colonial times in Boston, telling how Christ. mas was invented by Betty Sewall, a typical child of the Puritans, aided by her brother Sam. A Little Daughter of Liberty. The author's motive for this story is well indicated by a quotation from her introduction, as follows: “One ride is memorable in the early history of the American Revolution, the well-known ride of Paul Revere. Equally deserving of commendation is another ride, – the ride of Anthony Severn, – which was no less historic in its action or memorable in its consequences.” A Loyal Little Maid. A delightful and interesting story of Revolutionary days, in which the child heroine, Betsey Schuyler, renders im- portant services to George Washington. A Little Puritan Rebel. This is an historical tale of a real girl, during the time when the gallant Sir Harry Vane was governor of Massa- chusetts. A Little Puritan Pioneer. The scene of this story is laid in the Puritan settlement at Charlestown. The little girl heroine adds another to the list of favorites so well known to the young people. A Little Puritan Bound Ofirl. A story of Boston in Puritan days, which is of great interest to youthful readers. A Little Puritan Cavalier. The story of a “Little Puritan Cavalier” who tried with all his boyish enthusiasm to emulate the spirit and ideals of the dead Crusaders. A-5 Z. C. PAGE AWD COMPAAVY'S By OUIDA (Louise de la Ramée) A Dog of Flanders: A Christmas Story. Too well and favorably known to require description. The Nurnberg Stove. This beautiful story has never before been published at a popular price. By FRANCES MARGARET FOX The Little Giant's Neighbours. A charming nature story of a “little giant” whose neigh- bours were the creatures of the field and garden. Farmer Brown and the Birds. A little story which teaches children that the birds are man's best friends. Betty of Old Mackinaw. A charming story of child-life, appealing especially to the little readers who like stories of “real people.” Brother Billy. The story of Betty's brother, and some further adven- tures of Betty herself. Mother Nature’s Little Ones. Curious little sketches describing the early lifetime, or “childhood,” of the little creatures out-of-doors. How Christmas Came to the Mul- vaneys. A bright, lifelike little story of a family of poor children, with an unlimited capacity for fun and mischief. The wonderful never-to-be forgotten Christmas that came to them is the climax of a series of exciting incidents. A-6 A. C. PAGE AAVZ) COMPAAVY’.S. By WILL ALLEAV DROMGOOLE The Farrier's Dog and His Fellow. This story, written by the gifted young Southern woman, will appeal to all that is best in the natures of the many admirers of her graceful and piquant style. The Fortunes of the Fellow. Those who read and enjoyed the pathos and charm of “The Farrier's Dog and His Fellow" will welcome the further account of the adventures of Baydaw and the Fel- low at the home of the kindly smith. The Best of Friends. This continues the experiences of the Farrier's dog and his Fellow, written in Miss Dromgoole's well-known charm- ing style. Down in Dixie. A fascinating story for boys and girls, of a family of Ala- bama children who move to Florida and grow up in the South. By MARIAM W. WILDMAW Loyalty Island. An account of the adventures of four children and their pet dog on an island, and how they cleared their brother from the suspicion of dishonesty. Theodore and Theodora. This is a story of the exploits and mishaps of two mis- chievous twins, and continues the adventures of the interest. ing group of children in “Loyalty Island.” A–8 CO.SY CORAVER SEA’ WES By CHARLES G. D. ROBERTS The Cruise of the Yacht Dido. The story of two boys who turned their yacht into a fishing boat to earn money to pay for a college course, and of their adventures while exploring in search of hidden treasure. The Lord of the Air THE STORY OF THE EAGLE The King of the Mamozekel THE STORY OF THE MOOSE The Watchers of the Camp-fire THE STORY OF THE PANTHER The Haunter of the Pine Giloom THE STORY OF THE LYNX The Return to the Trails The STORY OF THE BEAR The Little People of the Sycamore THE STORY OF THE RACCOON By OTHER AUTHORS The Great Scoop. By MOLLY ELLIOT SEA WELL A capital tale of newspaper life in a big city, and of a bright, enterprising, likable youngster employed thereon. John Whopper. The late Bishop Clark's popular story of the boy who fell through the earth and came out in China, with a new introduction by Bishop Potter. A–9 A. C. PAGE AAWD COMA’A.V.Y'S The Dole Twins. By KATE UPSOAV CLARK The adventures of two little people who tried to earn money to buy crutches for a lame aunt. An excellent description of child-life about 1812, which will greatly interest and amuse the children of to-day, whose life is widely different. Larry Hudson's Ambition. By JAMES OTIS, author of “Toby Tyler,” etc. Larry Hudson is a typical American boy, whose hard work and enterprise gain him his ambition, — an education and a start in the world. The Little Christmas Shoe. By JANE P. SCOTT WOODRUFF A touching story of Yule-tide. Wee Dorothy. By LAURA UPDEGRAFF A story of two orphan children, the tender devotion of the eldest, a boy, for his sister being its theme and setting. With a bit of sadness at the beginning, the story is other- wise bright and sunny, and altogether wholesome in every way. The King of the Golden River: A Legend of STIRIA. By JOHAW RUSKIAW Written fifty years or more ago, and not originally in- tended for publication, this little fairy-tale soon became known and made a place for itself. A Child’s Garden of Verses. By R. L. STEVENSOAV Mr. Stevenson's little volume is too well known to need description. It will be heartily welcomed in this new and attractive edition. A-10 BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE THE LITTLE COLONEL BOOKS (Trade Mark) By AAVAWIE FEZZO WS /O HAVSTON Each, I vol. large, 12mo, cloth decorative, per vol. . $1.5o The Little Colonel Stories. (Trade Mark) Illustrated. Being three “Little Colonel” stories in the Cosy Corner Series, “The Little Colonel,” “Two Little Knights of Ken- tucky,” and “The Giant Scissors,” put into a single volume. The Little Colonel’s House Party. (Trade Mark) Illustrated by Louis Meynell. The Little Colonel’s Holidays. (Trade Mark) Illustrated by L. J. Bridgman. The Little Colonel's Hero. (Trade Mark) Illustrated by E. B. Barry. The Little Colonel at Boarding School. (Trade Mark) Illustrated by E. B. Barry. The Little Colonel in Arizona. (Trade Mark) Illustrated by E. B. Barry. The Little Colonel’s Christmas Vaca- (Trade Mark) tion. Illustrated by E. B. Barry. The Little Colonel, Maid of Honour. (Trade Mark) Illustrated by E. B. Barry. Since the time of “Little Women,” no juvenile heroine has been better beloved of her child readers than Mrs. Johnston’s “Little Colonel.” A–11 L. C. PAGE AAWD COMPANY'S The Little Colonel. (Trade-Mark) Two Little Knights of Kentucky. The Giant Scissors. A Special Holiday Edition of Mrs. Johnston's most famous books. Each one volume, cloth decorative, small quarto, $1.25 New plates, handsomely illustrated, with eight full-page drawings in color. “There are no brighter or better stories for boys and girls than these.”—Chicago Record-Herald. “The books are as satisfactory to the small girls, who find them adorable, as for the mothers and librarians, who delight in their influence.”—Christian Register. These three volumes, boxed as a three-volume set to com- plete the library editions of The Little Colonel books, $3.75 In the Desert of Waiting: The LEGEND of CAMELBACK MOUNTAIN. The Three Weavers: A FAIRy TALE For FATHERS AND MOTHERS AS WELL AS FOR THEIR DAUGHTERS. Keeping Tryst. Each one volume, tall 16mo, cloth decorative . $o.5o Paper boards . • - • e - - .35 There has been a constant demand for publication in separate form of these three stories, which were originally included in three of the “Little Colonel” books, and the present editions, which are very charmingly gotten up, will be delightful and valued gift-books for both old and young. Joel : A Boy of Galilee. By ANNIE Fellows Johnston. Illustrated by L. J. Bridgman. New illustrated edition, uniform with the Little Colonel Books, I vol., large 12mo, cloth decorative . $1.5o A story of the time of Christ, which is one of the author's best-known books, and which has been translated into many languages, the last being Italian. A—12 BOOKS FOR YOUAVG PEOPLE Asa Holmes; OR, AT THE CROSS-ROADS. A sketch of Country Life and Country Humor. By ANNIE FELLows Johnston. With a frontispiece by Ernest Fosbery. Large 16mo, cloth, gilt top . - - - . $1.oo “‘Asa Holmes; or, At the Cross-Roads” is the most delight- ful, most sympathetic and wholesome book that has been pub- lished in a long while. The lovable, cheerful, touching incidents, the descriptions of persons and things, are wonderfully true to nature.”—Boston Times. The Rival Campers; OR, THE ADVENTURES of HENRY BURNs. By RUEL P. SMITH. Square 12mo, cloth decorative, illustrated by A. B. Shute . - e - - - . $1.5o Here is a book which will grip and enthuse every boy reader. It is the story of a party of typical American lads, courageous, alert, and athletic, who spend a summer camp- ing on an island off the Maine coast. “The best boys' book since “Tom Sawyer.’” — San Francisco Examiner. “Henry Burns, the hero, is the “Tom Brown' of America.”— AV. Y. Supt. The Rival Campers Afloat; or, The Prize YACHT VIKING. By RUEL P. SMITH, author of “The Rival Campers.” Square 12mo, cloth decorative, illustrated . . $1.5o This book is a continuation of the adventures of “The Rival Campers” on their prize yacht Viking. Every reader will be enthusiastic over the adventures of Henry Burns and his friends on their sailing trip. They have a splendid time, fishing, racing, and sailing, until an acci- dental collision results in a series of exciting adventures, culminating in a mysterious chase, the loss of their prize yacht, and its recapture by means of their old yacht, Sur- prise, which they raise from its watery grave. A–13 I. C. PAGE AAWD COMPANY'S The Young Section-hand; or, THE AD- venTUREs of ALLAN WEST. By BURTON E. STEVEN- son, author of “The Marathon Mystery,” etc. 12mo, cloth, illustrated by L. J. Bridgman . . $1.5o Mr. Stevenson's hero is a manly lad of sixteen, who is given a chance as a section-hand on a big Western rail- road, and whose experiences are as real as they are thrill- ing. - “It appeals to every boy of enterprising spirit, and at the same time teaches him some valuable lessons in honor, pluck, and perseverance.”— Cleveland Plain Dealer. The Young Train Despatcher. By Bur- Ton E. STEvenson, author of “The Young Section- hand,” etc. Square 12mo, cloth decorative, illustrated . . $1.5o A new volume in the “Railroad Series,” in which the young section-hand is promoted to a train despatcher. Another branch of railroading is presented, in which the young hero has many chances to prove his manliness and courage in the exciting adventures which befall him in the discharge of his duty. Jack Lorimer. By WINN STANDISH. Square 12mo, cloth decorative. Illustrated by A. B. Shute - - $1.5o Jack Lorimer, whose adventures have for some time been one of the leading features of the Boston Sunday Herald, is the popular favorite of fiction with the boys and girls of New England, and, now that Mr. Standish has made him the hero of his book, he will soon be a favorite throughout the country. Jack is a fine example of the all-around American high- school boy. He has the sturdy qualities boys admire, and his fondness for clean, honest sport of all kinds will strike a chord of sympathy among athletic youths. A–14 BOOKS FOR YOUAVG PEOPLE The Roses of Saint Elizabeth. By JANE Scott WooDRUFF, author of “The Little Christmas Shoe.” Small quarto, cloth decorative, illustrated and decorated in color by Adelaide Everhart. - - . $1.00 This is a charming little story of a child whose father was caretaker of the great castle of the Wartburg, where Saint Elizabeth once had her home, with a fairy-tale inter- woven, in which the roses and the ivy in the castle yard tell to the child and her playmate quaint old legends of the saint and the castle. Gabriel and the Hour Book. By Evaleen STEIN. Small quarto, cloth decorative, illustrated and decorated in colors by Adelaide Everhart - - . $ I.oo Gabriel was a loving, patient, little French lad, who as- sisted the monks in the long ago days, when all the books were written and illuminated by hand, in the monasteries. It is a dear little story, and will appeal to every child who is fortunate enough to read it. The Enchanted Automobile. Translated from the French by MARY J. SAFFORD. Small quarto, cloth decorative, illustrated and decorated in colors by Edna M. Sawyer . - e $ I.Oo The enchanted automobile was sent by the fairy god- mother of a lazy, discontented little prince and princess to take them to fairyland, where they might visit their old story-book favorites. Here they find that Sleeping Beauty has become a fa- mously busy queen; Princess Charming keeps a jewelry shop, where she sells the jewels that drop from her lips; Hop-o'- My-Thumb is a farmer, too busy even to see the children, and Little Red Riding Hood has trained the wolf into a trick animal, who performs in the city squares for his mistress. They learn the lesson that happy people are the busy people, and they return home cured of their discontent and laziness. A—15 I. C. AAGE AAWD COMPANY Beautiful Joe’s Paradise; or, THE ISLAND of BROTHERLY LovE. A sequel to “Beautiful Joe.” By MARSHALL SAUNDERs, author of “Beautiful Joe,” “For His Country,” etc. With fifteen full-page plates and many decorations from drawings by Charles Liv- ingston Bull. One vol., library 12mo, cloth decorative . . $1.50 “Will be immensely enjoyed by the boys and girls who read it.”—Pittsburg Gazette. “Miss Saunders has put life, humor, action, and tenderness into her story. The book deserves to be a favorite.”— Chicago A'ecord-Azera/d. “This book revives the spirit of “Beautiful Joe’ capitally. It is fairly riotous with fun, and as a whole is about as unusual as anything in the animal book line that has seen the light. It is a book for juveniles — old and young.”— Philadelphia Item. *Tilda Jane. By MARSHALL SAUNDERs, author of “Beautiful Joe,” etc. One vol., 12mo, fully illustrated, cloth, decorative cover, $1.5o “No more amusing and attractive child's story has appeared for a long time than this quaint and curious recital of the adven- tures of that pitiful and charming little runaway. “It is one of those exquisitely simple and truthful books that win and charm the reader, and I did not put it down until I had finished it—honest And I am sure that every one, young or old, who reads will be proud and happy to make the acquainu ance of the delicious waif. “I cannot think of any better book for children than this. I commend it unreservedly.”— Cyrus Townsend Brady. The Story of the Graveleys. By MAR- SHALL SAUNDERs, author of “Beautiful Joe's Paradise,” “'Tilda Jane,” etc. Library 12mo, cloth decorative, illustrated by E. B Barry . - - - - - - - . $1.5o Here we have the haps and mishaps, the trials and triumphs, of a delightful New England family, of whose devotion and sturdiness it will do the reader good to hear. From the kindly, serene-souled grandmother to the buoyant madcap, Berty, these Graveleys are folk of fibre and blood — genuine human beings. A — 16 - º ！… =_= -ae-） …）--~~~~"