T H E 

AMERICAN JOURNAL 
OF 

INTERNATIONAL LAW 

VOLUME 29 

1935 

PUBLISHED BY 

T H E AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL L A W 

PUBLICATION O F F I C E : EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE O F F I C E : 

T H E R U M F O R D P R E S S 700 JACKSON PLACE 
CONCORD, N . H. WASHINGTON, D . C. 

Copyright, 1935, by the American Society of International Law 



BOARD OF E D I T O R S OF T H E A M E R I C A N JOURNAL OF 
I N T E R N A T I O N A L LAW 

CHANDLER P . ANDERSON, New York, N . Y. 
E D W I N M . BORCHARD, Yale Law School. 
P H I L I P MARSHALL BROWN, Princeton University. 
E D W I N D. DICKINSON, University of California School of Jurisprudence. 
CHARLES G. F E N W I C K , Bryn Mawr College. 
JAMES W. GARNER, University of Illinois. 
M A N L E Y O. HUDSON, Harvard Law School. 
CHARLES C H E N E Y H Y D E , Columbia University Law School. 
P H I L I P C. J E S S U P , Columbia University Law School. 
ARTHUR K. K U H N , New York, N . Y. 
J E S S E S. R E E V E S , University of Michigan. 
E L L E R Y C. STOWELL, American University. 
L E S T E R H . WOOLSEY, Washington, D . C. 
QUINCY W R I G H T , University of Chicago. 

Honorary Editor-in-Chief 

JAMES BROWN SCOTT, Washington, D . C. 

Editor-in-Chief 

GEORGE GRAFTON W I L S O N , Harvard University 

Managing Editor 

GEORGE A. F I N C H , 700 Jackson Place, N . W., Washington, D. C. 

The object of the AMERICAN SOCIETY or INTERNATIONAL LAW is to foster the study of 
international law and promote the establishment of international relations on the basis of 
law and justice. For this purpose it will cooperate with other societies in this and other 
countries having the same object. 

T H E AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW is supplied to all members of the 
SOCIETY without extra charge, as the membership fee of five dollars per annum includes 
the right to all issues of the JOURNAL published during the year for which the dues are paid. 
(Members residing in foreign countries outside the domestic postal zone pay one dollar 
extra per annum for foreign postage; Canada fifty cents extra.) 

The annual subscription to non-members of the SOCIETY is five dollars per annum (plus 
the above mentioned sums for foreign postage) and should be placed with the AMERICAN 
SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, 700 Jackson Place, N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Single copies of the JOURNAL will be supplied at $1.50 per copy. 
Applications for membership in the SOCIETY, correspondence with reference to the 

JOURNAL, and books for review should be sent to GEORGE A. FINCH, Secretary and Managing 
Editor, 700 Jackson Place, N. W., Washington, D. C. 



CONTENTS OF VOLUME TWENTY-NINE 

[No. 1, January, 1935, p p . 1-196; N o . 2, April, 1935, p p . 197-372; N o . 3, July, 1935, p p . 
373-568; N o . 4, October, 1935, p p . 569-766] 

PAGE 

T H E T H I R T E E N T H Y E A R O F T H E P E R M A N E N T C O U R T O F I N T E R N A T I O N A L J U S T I C E . 

Manley 0. Hudson 1 

CODIFICATION O F I N T E R N A T I O N A L L A W . Philip Marshall Brown 25 

CONDITIONS O F W I T H D R A W A L FROM T H E L E A G U E O F N A T I O N S . Josephine J. Burns.. 40 

RETROACTIVE E F F E C T O F T H E R A T I F I C A T I O N O F T R E A T I E S . / . Mervyn Jones 51 

THOMAS J E F F E R S O N ON T H E L A W O F N A T I O N S . Charles M. Wiltse 66 

BELLIGERENT A I R C R A F T , N E U T R A L T R A D E , AND U N P R E P A R E D N E S S . Charles Warren. 197 

T H E P O S I T I O N O F A L I E N S I N N A T I O N A L SOCIALIST P E N A L L A W R E F O R M . Lawrence 

Preuss 206 

IMPLIED R E S O L U T I V E C O N D I T I O N S I N T R E A T I E S . Charles Fairman 219 

EXTRATERRITORIAL J U R I S D I C T I O N I N T H E A N C I E N T W O R L D . Shalom Kassan 237 

LAWS R E L A T I N G TO N A T I O N A L I T Y AT B I R T H AND TO L O S S O F N A T I O N A L I T Y . Dur-

ward V. Sandifer 248 

T H E C O N C E P T O F A G G R E S S I O N I N I N T E R N A T I O N A L L A W . Quincy Wright 373 

C I T I Z E N S H I P O F N A T I V E - B O R N A M E R I C A N W O M E N M A R R I E D TO F O R E I G N E R S . Edwin 

M. Borchard 396 

ARMED N E U T R A L I T I E S TO 1780. Carl J. Kulsrud 423 

DISCOVERY AND A N N E X A T I O N I N I N T E R N A T I O N A L L A W . F. A. F. von der Heydte.... 448 

UNILATERAL D E N U N C I A T I O N O F T R E A T I E S . J. W. Garner and V. Jobst, HI 569 

D E V E L O P M E N T O F I N T E R N A T I O N A L T A X L A W . Mitchell B. Carroll 586 

T H E B A L T I C S T A T E S AND T H E S O V I E T U N I O N . Gregory Rutenberg 598 

C H I N E S E I N T E R S T A T E I N T E R C O U R S E B E F O R E 700 B . C Roswell S. Britton 616 

T w o P R O B L E M S O F A P P R O A C H TO P E R M A N E N T C O U R T O F I N T E R N A T I O N A L J U S T I C E . 

Manley O. Hudson 636 

N E U T R A L I T Y O F T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S . James Brown Scott 644 

E D I T O R I A L C O M M E N T : 

Philippine neutralization. George Grafton Wilson 82 
Philippine independence. Philip C. Jessup 83 
T h e assassination of K i n g Alexander. Arthur K. Kuhn 87 
B u d a p e s t resolutions on t h e Briand-Kellogg P a c t of Paris. M. O. Hudson 92 
Leticia dispute between Colombia a n d Peru. Lester H. Woolsey 94 
U n i t e d S t a t e s - P a n a m a Claims Arbitration. Edwin M. Borchard 99 
Generalization of t h e Monroe Doctrine. Philip C. Jessup 105 
Afghanistan, Ecuador a n d Soviet Union in League of Nations. M. 0. Hudson. 109 
Secretary Hull's t r a d e agreements. EUery C. Stowell 280 
I n t e r n a t i o n a l law a n d international t r a d e . Charles G. Fenwick 284 

iii 



i v CONTENTS 

PAGE 
German rearmament and United States treaty rights. Edwin M. Borchard.... 286 
Russian claims negotiations. Chandler P. Anderson 290 
The adjustment of the I'm Alone case. Charles Cheney Hyde 296 
The United States Senate and the World Court. Manley 0. Hudson 301 
Treaties and changing conditions. George Grafton Wilson 307 
The doctrine of the thalweg as a rule of international law. James W. Garner... 309 
The "gold clause" decision in relation to foreign bondholders. C. G. Fenwick.. 310 
Cramping our foreign service. Ellery C. Stowell 314 
Treaties as domestic law. Chandler P. Anderson 472 
The Constitution of the Philippines. Jesse S. Reeves 476 
The World Court interprets another international agreement. C. C. Hyde 479 
Acts and joint resolutions of Congress as substitutes for treaties. J. W. Garner. 482 
Declaratory judgments in international law. Edwin M. Borchard 488 
The Conflict of Laws Restatement. Arthur K. Kuhn 492 
The growth of the law. Philip C. Jessup 495 
The recent trade agreement with Russia. Chandler P. Anderson 653 
Concerning a Russian pledge. Charles Cheney Hyde 656 
Respect for national flag. George Grafton Wilson 662 
Neutrality and responsibility. Charles G. Fenwick 663 
The new neutrality legislation. Philip C. Jessup 665 
International revolution. Philip Marshall Brown 670 
The deportation of aliens. Ellery C. Stowell 673 
Denunciation of disarmament clauses of Treaty of Versailles. C. G. Fenwick... 675 

CUBHENT NOTES: 
Annual meeting of the Society. George A. Finch 117, 500 
The Supplement. George A. Finch 117 
A point of punctuation. Hunter Miller 118 
Inter-American Commercial Arbitration Commission. Spruille Braden 123 
The Austrian Constitution of 1934. H. Arthur Steiner 125 
Kidnaping of fugitives from justice on foreign territory. Lawrence Preuss 502 
A note on Be piracy jure gentium. Charles Fairman 508 

CHRONICLE OF INTERNATIONAL EVENTS. M. Alice Matthews 130, 318, 513, 679 

JUDICIAL DECISIONS INVOLVING QUESTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: 
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council: In re Piracy jure gentium 140 
U. S. Supreme Court: 

Pigeon River Improvement, Slide & Boom Co. v. Cox, Ltd 150 
New Jersey v. Delaware 331 

Opinion, U. S. Attorney-General: Johnson Act 160 
Canada-U. S. Reports of Commissioners: British ship Vm Alone v. U. S 326 
Arbitral award, Oct. 5, 1934: Barcs-Pakrac Railway Co. v. Yugoslavia 523 
Italo-Ethiopian Commission: Award in Walwal incident. Sept. 8,1986 690 
Royal Hungarian Supreme Court: Hungarian Radio Co. v. Gramophone Co 698 

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES 168, 346, 538, 706 

BOOKS RECEIVED 192, 367, 563, 734 

PERIODICAL LITERATURE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 195, 370, 566, 737 

INDEX 739 

SUPPLEMENT SECTION OF OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS. (Separately paged and indexed.) 



CONTENTS 
PAGE 

T H E THIRTEENTH YEAR OP THE PERMANENT COURT OP INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE. 
Manley 0. Hudson 1 

T H E CODIFICATION OP INTERNATIONAL LAW. Philip Marshall Brown 25 
CONDITIONS OP WITHDRAWAL FROM THE LEAGUE OP NATIONS. Josephine J. Burns.. 40 
RETROACTIVE EFFECT OP THE RATIFICATION OP TREATIES. / . Mervyn Jones 51 
THOMAS JEFFERSON ON THE LAW OP NATIONS. Charles M. Wiltse 66 
EDITORIAL COMMENT: 

Philippine neutralization. George Grafton Wilson 82 
Philippine independence. Philip C. Jessup 83 
Complaint of Yugoslavia against Hungary with reference to the assassination of 

King Alexander. Arthur K. Kuhn 87 
Budapest resolutions of 1934 on the Briand-Kellogg Pact of Paris. M. 0. Hudson 92 
Leticia dispute between Colombia and Peru. Lester H. Woolsey 94 
United States-Panama Claims Arbitration. Edwin M. Borchard 99 
Generalization of the Monroe Doctrine. Philip C. Jessup 105 
Afghanistan, Ecuador and the Soviet Union in the League of Nations. M. 0. 

Hudson 109 
CURRENT NOTES: 

Annual meeting of the Society 117 
The Supplement 117 
A point of punctuation. Hunter Miller 118 
Inter-American Commercial Arbitration Commission. SpruiUe Braden 123 
The Austrian Constitution of 1934. H. Arthur Steiner 125 

CHRONICLE OF INTERNATIONAL EVENTS. M. Alice Matthews 130 
JUDICIAL DECISIONS INVOLVING QUESTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: 

In re Piracy jure gentium. Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 140 
Pigeon River Improvement, Slide & Boom Co. v. Cox, Ltd. U. S. Supreme Court 150 
Johnson Act. Opinion of U. S. Attorney General 160 

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES: 
Bustamante, Derecho Internacional Publico, 168; Cavaglieri, Corso di Diritto In-

ternationale, 169; Commission of Inquiry, International Economic Relations 
Report, 171; Gettys, Law of Citizenship in the United States, 172; Goedhuis, La 
Convention de Varsovie, 172; Guggenheim, The United States and Cuba, 173; 
Harley, Documentary Textbook on International Relations, 175; Hudson, The 
Permanent Court of International Justice, 176; Latand, History of American 
Foreign Policy, 177; Naurois, Les TraiUs tnternationaux devant Us Juridictions 
Nationales, 178; Robinson, Kommentar der Konvention iiher das Memelgebiet, 
179; Salter, The United States of Europe and Other Papers, 180; Savage, Policy of 
the United States toward Maritime Commerce in War, 181; Scott, The Catholic 
Conception of International Law, 183; Zancla, II Procedimento di Mediazione e di 
ConcUiazione avanti al Consiglio, 184. 

Briefer notices: Bourbousson, 185; Das, 185; Duden, 186; Hostie, 186; Ogg, 187; 
Owen, 187; Woodhead, 188; Coenen, 189; Munch, 189; Ferrero, 189; War-
ner, 189; Cooper, 189; Wheeler-Bennett, 190; Ritsher, 190; Ermarth, 190; 
Riesch, 191; von Pfuel, 191; von Thadden, 191; von Weber, 192. 

Books received 192 
PERIODICAL LITERATURE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 195 



BOARD OF E D I T O R S OF T H E A M E R I C A N JOURNAL OF 
I N T E R N A T I O N A L LAW 

CHANDLER P . ANDERSON, New York, N . Y. 
EDWIN M . BORCHABD, Yale Law School. 
P H I L I P MARSHALL BROWN, Princeton University. 
EDWIN D . DICKINSON, University of California. 
CHARLES G. FENWICK, Bryn Mawr College. 
JAMES W. GARNER, University of Illinois. 
MANLEY 0 . HUDSON, Harvard Law School. 
CHARLES C H E N E Y HYDE, Columbia University. 
P H I L I P C. JESSTJP, Columbia University. 
ARTHUR K. K U H N , New York, N . Y. 
JESSE S. REEVES, University of Michigan. 
ELLERY C. STOWELL, American University. 
LESTER H . WOOLSEY, Washington, D . C. 
QUINCY WRIGHT, University of Chicago. 

Honorary Editor-in-Chief 

JAMES BROWN SCOTT, Washington, D . C. 

Editor-in-Chief 

GEORGE GRAFTON WILSON, Harvard University. 

Managing Editor 

GEORGE A. F I N C H , 700 Jackson Place, N . W., Washington, D . C. 

The object of the AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW is to foster the study of 
international law and promote the establishment of international relations on the basis of 
law and justice. For this purpose it will cooperate with other societies in this and other 
countries having the same object. 

T H E AMERICAN JOURNAL OP INTERNATIONAL LAW is supplied to all members of the 
SOCIETY without extra charge, as the membership fee of five dollars per annum includes 
the right to all issues of the JOURNAL published during the year for which the dues are paid. 
(Members residing in foreign countries outside the domestic postal zone pay one dollar 
extra per annum for foreign postage; Canada fifty cents extra.) 

The annual subscription to non-members of the SOCIETY is five dollars per annum (plus 
the above mentioned sums for foreign postage) and should be placed with the AMERICAN 
SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, 700 Jackson Place, N. W., Washington, D. C. Single 
copies of the JOURNAL will be supplied at $150 per copy. 

Applications for membership in the SOCIETY, correspondence with reference to the 
JOURNAL, and books for review should be sent to GEORGE A. F I N C H , Secretary and Manag-
ing Editor, 700 Jackson Place, N. W , Washington, D. C.