England's interest asserted, in the improvement of its native commodities; and more especially the manufacture of wool plainly shewing its exportation un-manufactured, amounting unto millions of loss to His Majesty, and kingdom. With some brief observations of that worthy author Sir Walter Rawley, touching the same. All humbly presented to His Majesty, and both Houses of Parliament. By a true lover of His Majesty, and native country. Licensed by Roger L'estrange.
         Englands glory.
         Carter, W. (William)
      
       
         
           1669
        
      
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         99825326
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             England's interest asserted, in the improvement of its native commodities; and more especially the manufacture of wool plainly shewing its exportation un-manufactured, amounting unto millions of loss to His Majesty, and kingdom. With some brief observations of that worthy author Sir Walter Rawley, touching the same. All humbly presented to His Majesty, and both Houses of Parliament. By a true lover of His Majesty, and native country. Licensed by Roger L'estrange.
             Englands glory.
             Carter, W. (William)
             Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.
          
           [2], 34, 13-36 p.
           
             printed for Francis Smith, and are to be sold at the Elephant and Castle without Temple-Bar; and by Henry Mortlock at the White Horse in Westminster-Hall,
             London :
             1669.
          
           
             A true lover of His Majesty = William Carter.
             A reissue, with added title page and quires ² C-² E, and with colophon (¹B2) cancelled, of the 1669 edition of: Englands glory.
             Formerly Wing C674.
             "Some collections of Sir Walter Rawleys presented to King James, taken out of his remains, discovering Englands loss for want of due improvement of its native commodities" has caption title; pagination begins with 13, and register begins with ² C1.
             Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Wool industry -- England -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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               ENGLAND'S
               Interest
               Asserted
               ,
               IN
               THE
               IMPROVEMENT
               OF
               ITS
               NATIVE
               COMMODITIES
               ;
               And
               more
               especially
               the
               Manufacture
               of
               WOOL
               :
               Plainly
               shewing
               its
               Exportation
               Un-manufactured
               ,
               amounting
               unto
               Millions
               of
               Loss
               to
               His
               MAJESTY
               ,
               and
               Kingdom
               .
            
             
               With
               some
               Brief
               Observations
               of
               that
               worthy
               Author
               Sir
               
                 WALTER
                 RAWLEY
              
               ,
               touching
               the
               same
               .
            
             
               All
               Humbly
               presented
               to
               His
               MAJESTY
               ,
               and
               Both
               Houses
               of
               PARLIAMENT
               .
            
             
               By
               a
               true
               Lover
               of
               His
               Majesty
               ,
               and
               Native
               Country
               .
            
             
               Licensed
               by
               
                 Roger
                 L'estrange
              
               .
            
             
               LONDON
               ,
               Printed
               for
               
                 Francis
                 Smith
              
               ,
               and
               are
               to
               be
               sold
               at
               the
               Elephant
               and
               Castle
               without
               Temple-Bar
               ;
               and
               by
               
                 Henry
                 Mortlock
              
               at
               the
               
                 White
                 Horse
              
               in
               Westminster-Hall
               .
               1669.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
             
               Englands
               Glory
               .
               BY
               THE
               Benefit
               of
               Wool
               Manufactured
               therein
               ,
               from
               the
               Farmer
               to
               the
               Merchant
               ;
               and
               the
               Evil
               Consequences
               of
               its
               Exportation
               Unmanufactured
               .
               Briefly
               Hinted
               ,
               With
               Submission
               to
               better
               Judgments
               .
            
             
               THere
               is
               no
               King
               nor
               Prince
               in
               the
               World
               ,
               known
               by
               experience
               ,
               or
               upon
               Record
               ,
               that
               hath
               such
               means
               to
               support
               their
               Splendour
               and
               Greatness
               as
               his
               Majesty
               of
               great
               Britain
               ,
               nor
               has
               any
               Country
               or
               Nation
               such
               variety
               of
               staple
               Commodities
               within
               it self
               ,
               and
               in
               such
               abundance
               ,
               as
               hath
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               England
               ,
               which
               are
               said
               by
               some
               to
               be
               a
               Hundred
               Native
               Commodities
               ,
               which
               produceth
               a
               Thousand
               sorts
               of
               Manufactures
               :
               So
               that
               if
               those
               advantages
               were
               duly
               improved
               ,
               
               England
               might
               be
               a
               general
               Mart
               for
               the
               whole
               World
               ,
               and
               then
               by
               consequence
               be
               the
               glory
               thereof
               .
               That
               those
               advantages
               are
               not
               improved
               is
               too
               too
               obvious
               to
               all
               that
               look
               into
               it
               ,
               by
               the
               sore
               complaint
               that
               are
               frequently
               made
               of
               the
               great
               poverty
               and
               decay
               thereof
               ;
               and
               indeed
               (
               which
               is
               worst
               of
               all
               )
               by
               that
               general
               desperation
               of
               spirit
               which
               will
               not
               put
               forth
               a
               hand
               to
               help
               ,
               support
               ,
               or
               prevent
               the
               total
               desolation
               of
               our
               Country
               ,
               upon
               a
               prepossest
               opinion
               ,
               that
               all
               endeavours
               will
               be
               rendred
               fruitless
               and
               abortive
               .
            
             
               The
               consideration
               whereof
               hath
               greatly
               prompted
               me
               (
               who
               must
               confess
               my self
               the
               meanest
               of
               Thousands
               more
               concerned
               )
               to
               use
               the
               utmost
               of
               my
               little
               skill
               ,
               and
               unwearied
               diligence
               (
               though
               but
               as
               the
               Womans
               mite
               )
               to
               the
               right
               management
               of
               so
               great
               an
               undertaking
               ;
               that
               the
               threatned
               ruine
               of
               all
               may
               be
               prevented
               ,
               and
               (
               if
               possible
               )
               some
               good
               part
               of
               what
               is
               lost
               may
               be
               recovered
               .
               And
               whereas
               many
               have
               taken
               in
               hand
               to
               set
               forth
               these
               things
               ,
               some
               treating
               of
               one
               thing
               ,
               and
               other
               of
               another
               ,
               which
               if
               all
               was
               collected
               and
               harmonized
               ,
               it
               might
               very
               much
               conduce
               to
               the
               promoting
               of
               this
               weighty
               affair
               ,
               of
               so
               publick
               a
               value
               :
               I
               shall
               confine
               my self
               to
               those
               things
               only
               ,
               whereof
               I
               have
               had
               not
               only
               credible
               information
               ,
               but
               a
               considerable
               (
               though
               a
               sad
               )
               experimental
               knowledge
               ;
               and
               in
               a
               more
               particular
               and
               especial
               manner
               that
               of
               Wool
               ,
               and
               of
               its
               Manufacture
               and
               Consequences
               ,
               which
               amongst
               many
               ,
               is
               the
               Richest
               Treasure
               in
               his
               Majesties
               Dominions
               ,
               the
               flower
               ,
               strength
               ,
               and
               sinews
               of
               this
               Nation
               ;
               a
               Land
               uniting
               the
               People
               into
               Societies
               ,
               for
               their
               own
               Utility
               ;
               it
               is
               the
               Milk
               and
               Honey
               to
               the
               Grazier
               and
               Country
               Farmer
               ;
               the
               Gold
               and
               Spices
               of
               the
               East
               and
               West
               Indies
               to
               the
               Merchant
               ,
               and
               Citizens
               ,
               the
               continued
               supply
               of
               Bread
               to
               the
               Poor
               :
               and
               in
               a
               word
               ,
               the
               Exchequer
               of
               wealth
               ,
               and
               staple
               of
               protection
               to
               the
               whole
               ,
               both
               abroad
               and
               at
               home
               ;
               and
               therefore
               of
               full
               merit
               to
               be
               had
               in
               perpetual
               remembrance
               ,
               defence
               ,
               and
               encouragement
               for
               the
               most
               advantageous
               improvement
               thereof
               .
            
             
               The
               Wools
               of
               England
               (
               before
               it
               was
               manufactured
               within
               it self
               )
               have
               ever
               been
               of
               great
               account
               and
               esteem
               abroad
               ,
               sufficiently
               testified
               unto
               ,
               by
               the
               great
               amity
               ,
               which
               it
               begat
               ,
               and
               for
               many
               Hundred
               Years
               (
               inviolably
               )
               maintained
               ,
               between
               the
               King
               of
               England
               and
               Dukes
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               only
               for
               the
               great
               benefit
               ,
               that
               (
               from
               
               that
               Commodity
               )
               did
               accrew
               to
               that
               People
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               the
               English
               Wools
               ,
               they
               receiv'd
               at
               6
               
                 d.
                 per
              
               Pound
               ,
               they
               returned
               again
               (
               through
               their
               industrious
               manufacture
               thereof
               )
               in
               Cloth
               ,
               at
               10
               
                 s.
                 per
              
               Yard
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               inriching
               of
               that
               State
               ,
               both
               in
               the
               advancement
               of
               the
               Revenues
               of
               their
               Soveraign
               ,
               and
               in
               a
               full
               employment
               (
               thereby
               )
               continued
               among
               the
               People
               ;
               whereby
               the
               Merchants
               of
               this
               Nation
               were
               occasioned
               ,
               (
               as
               a
               People
               unwilling
               to
               be
               wholly
               dispriviledged
               of
               so
               great
               a
               benefit
               )
               to
               transport
               themselves
               (
               with
               their
               Families
               (
               in
               great
               numbers
               )
               into
               Flanders
               ,
               from
               whence
               they
               held
               a
               constant
               Commerce
               with
               most
               parts
               of
               the
               World
               ;
               this
               continued
               without
               intermission
               ,
               between
               England
               and
               Burgundy
               ,
               until
               King
               Edward
               the
               3
               d.
               made
               his
               mighty
               Conquests
               over
               France
               ,
               &
               Scotland
               ;
               and
               as
               a
               suitable
               improvement
               of
               so
               great
               a
               mercy
               ,
               did
               wisely
               project
               ,
               and
               also
               accomplish
               the
               manufacture
               of
               Wools
               within
               the
               Bowels
               of
               this
               Kingdom
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               inriching
               of
               his
               own
               People
               ,
               and
               also
               to
               the
               Peopling
               of
               his
               new
               Conquered
               Dominions
               ;
               the
               memory
               of
               whose
               wisdome
               and
               care
               for
               his
               People
               ,
               is
               worthy
               to
               be
               had
               in
               remembrance
               by
               English
               Men
               ,
               unto
               the
               Worlds
               end
               .
            
             
               The
               said
               King
               having
               thus
               setled
               the
               manufacture
               of
               Wools
               within
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               England
               ,
               confined
               it
               by
               a
               penal
               Statute
               ,
               which
               (
               at
               first
               )
               reached
               not
               only
               to
               Goods
               ,
               Chattels
               ,
               and
               Land
               ,
               but
               also
               to
               Members
               ,
               and
               Life
               it self
               ;
               but
               in
               a
               short
               time
               repealed
               the
               two
               latter
               thereof
               ,
               continuing
               the
               other
               in
               its
               full
               force
               to
               remain
               to
               future
               Generations
               :
               which
               exceeding
               great
               advantage
               to
               the
               prosperity
               of
               the
               English
               Trade
               ,
               hath
               now
               continued
               these
               Three
               Hundred
               Years
               ,
               by
               the
               vigilancy
               of
               the
               Kingdoms
               Monarchs
               ,
               and
               the
               protection
               of
               its
               Laws
               ,
               in
               the
               continued
               careful
               execution
               thereof
               upon
               offenders
               ,
               with
               more
               than
               a
               little
               diligence
               to
               provide
               against
               the
               thirsting
               desires
               of
               Foreiners
               to
               wrest
               this
               Native
               priviledge
               (
               of
               so
               great
               a
               moment
               )
               out
               of
               English
               hands
               ,
               which
               by
               the
               providence
               of
               God
               (
               through
               the
               great
               care
               of
               our
               Ancestors
               )
               has
               been
               (
               for
               many
               Ages
               )
               enjoyed
               by
               the
               Nation
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               indeed
               its
               proper
               right
               :
               But
               so
               it
               is
               ,
               that
               (
               for
               some
               years
               past
               )
               the
               diligence
               of
               Foreiners
               ,
               to
               enrich
               themselves
               upon
               us
               ,
               has
               so
               much
               exceeded
               our
               care
               to
               preserve
               our selves
               ,
               that
               it
               's
               now
               come
               to
               ,
               if
               not
               beyond
               a
               question
               ,
               Who
               have
               the
               greatest
               benefit
               of
               the
               manufacture
               of
               English
               Wools
               ,
               they
               who
               have
               no
               right
               unto
               it
               ,
               or
               they
               to
               whom
               of
               right
               it
               doth
               belong
               ?
            
             
             
               That
               this
               is
               indeed
               so
               ,
               will
               appear
               ,
               by
               considering
               that
               not
               only
               
                 Holland
                 ,
                 Flanders
              
               ,
               and
               Zealand
               have
               long
               sucked
               the
               sweetness
               of
               the
               sinews
               of
               our
               Trade
               ;
               but
               France
               is
               likewise
               learning
               to
               be
               too
               hard
               for
               us
               ,
               as
               is
               manifest
               by
               the
               great
               quantities
               of
               Wools
               ,
               that
               (
               of
               late
               years
               )
               have
               been
               transported
               from
               England
               and
               Ireland
               thither
               ;
               how
               injurious
               it
               must
               be
               to
               us
               ,
               is
               also
               unquestionable
               ,
               if
               we
               consider
               the
               consequence
               thereof
               ,
               which
               was
               (
               without
               question
               )
               much
               in
               the
               Eye
               of
               our
               Ancestors
               ,
               as
               appeares
               by
               what
               is
               above
               hinted
               in
               Edward
               the
               3
               ds
               time
               ,
               and
               in
               several
               Kings
               Reigns
               since
               .
            
             
               Every
               Pack
               of
               Wool
               sent
               to
               France
               ,
               doth
               prevent
               us
               (
               not
               only
               )
               of
               the
               benefit
               of
               the
               manufacture
               thereof
               ,
               but
               of
               two
               Packs
               more
               besides
               it self
               ,
               viz.
               Thus
               ,
               it
               being
               combing
               ,
               and
               combed
               Wool
               (
               for
               the
               most
               part
               )
               exported
               thither
               ,
               the
               French
               (
               having
               no
               Wools
               of
               their
               own
               ,
               but
               such
               as
               are
               very
               course
               )
               are
               not
               able
               to
               make
               Cloth
               ,
               or
               fine
               Stuff
               ,
               without
               the
               conjunction
               of
               ours
               therewithall
               ;
               there
               being
               none
               (
               to
               my
               best
               information
               )
               fit
               for
               that
               purpose
               in
               all
               the
               World
               ,
               but
               ours
               only
               ,
               all
               other
               being
               likewise
               course
               ,
               but
               Spanish
               ,
               and
               that
               much
               too
               fine
               (
               especially
               for
               Worsted
               Stuffs
               ,
               and
               not
               in
               any
               wise
               fit
               for
               combing
               ;
               so
               that
               without
               English
               or
               Irish
               Wools
               there
               can
               be
               no
               fine
               Worsted
               Stuffs
               ,
               nor
               a
               middle
               sort
               of
               Cloth
               made
               ,
               in
               the
               whole
               World
               ;
               neither
               will
               any
               Wools
               be
               well
               mixed
               together
               ,
               but
               English
               and
               Spanish
               ,
               (
               only
               for
               Cloth
               )
               because
               the
               Spanish
               is
               with
               the
               English
               of
               one
               nature
               ,
               being
               formerly
               English
               Sheep
               ,
               though
               now
               much
               finer
               ,
               from
               the
               alteration
               of
               the
               Climate
               ,
               and
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Land
               whereon
               it
               is
               fed
               ,
               as
               by
               good
               experience
               appeareth
               here
               in
               England
               ,
               both
               neer
               ,
               and
               at
               a
               farther
               distance
               .
            
             
               Wherefore
               the
               exportation
               of
               English
               Wools
               into
               France
               must
               of
               necessity
               be
               greatly
               prejudicial
               to
               this
               Nation
               ,
               not
               only
               in
               the
               quantity
               sent
               over
               ,
               but
               also
               in
               the
               advantage
               which
               is
               thereby
               given
               them
               to
               manufacture
               a
               double
               portion
               of
               their
               own
               Wool
               ,
               (
               which
               formerly
               was
               little
               worth
               )
               into
               such
               commodities
               ,
               as
               spoyls
               us
               of
               the
               a●vantage
               of
               our
               proper
               Trade
               ,
               not
               only
               thither
               ,
               but
               also
               into
               other
               parts
               ,
               viz.
               in
               these
               three
               respects
               .
            
             
               First
               ,
               The
               combed
               of
               the
               English
               Wool
               makes
               Wooffe
               for
               the
               Warpes
               of
               the
               French
               Wool
               ,
               and
               so
               takes
               up
               (
               it
               may
               be
               )
               as
               much
               as
               the
               quantity
               above
               specified
               ,
               to
               every
               Pack
               of
               English
               Wool
               ,
               
               without
               which
               ,
               they
               can
               (
               only
               )
               with
               their
               Wool
               make
               Rugs
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               best
               ,
               Cloth
               for
               Sea-men
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               .
            
             
               2
               dly
               .
               Their
               combings
               or
               pinnions
               ,
               viz.
               the
               short
               Wool
               that
               's
               combed
               out
               of
               the
               Worsted
               ,
               serves
               for
               their
               Linnen
               warp
               to
               make
               some
               of
               their
               Druggets
               ,
               because
               their
               Linnen
               being
               fine
               spun
               ,
               and
               coloured
               ,
               is
               not
               discernable
               to
               all
               Persons
               ,
               to
               be
               that
               we
               call
               
                 Linsie
                 Woolsie
              
               .
            
             
               3
               dly
               .
               The
               finest
               short
               English
               Wool
               is
               mixed
               with
               the
               lowest
               of
               Spanish
               Wool
               ,
               called
               short
               Wool
               ,
               for
               some
               of
               their
               best
               Druggets
               ,
               that
               is
               woove
               for
               Worsted
               Chanies
               ,
               and
               also
               for
               a
               middle
               sort
               of
               Broad-cloth
               ,
               about
               10
               s.
               or
               12
               
                 s.
                 per
              
               Yard
               .
               This
               is
               the
               cause
               (
               I
               judg
               )
               that
               short
               Spanish
               Wool
               is
               so
               scarce
               here
               in
               England
               .
            
             
               Now
               if
               we
               consider
               these
               things
               together
               ,
               the
               dammage
               of
               the
               exporting
               of
               this
               one
               Pack
               from
               England
               to
               France
               ,
               at
               about
               10
               l.
               or
               12
               l.
               Sterling
               ,
               preventing
               the
               manufacturing
               of
               two
               Packs
               more
               in
               England
               ,
               which
               would
               be
               worth
               one
               100
               
                 l.
                 Englands
              
               loss
               (
               in
               the
               whole
               )
               by
               the
               exportation
               of
               a
               Pack
               of
               Wool
               ,
               is
               little
               less
               than
               90
               l.
               in
               its
               first
               exportation
               ,
               moreover
               considering
               the
               Custom
               paid
               when
               exported
               (
               if
               manufactured
               in
               England
               )
               with
               the
               Frait
               and
               Custom
               where
               it
               is
               imported
               ;
               the
               product
               of
               all
               these
               charges
               augmenting
               the
               100
               l.
               when
               sold
               there
               ,
               laid
               out
               in
               another
               commodity
               beyond
               Sea
               ,
               the
               Custom
               whereof
               being
               paid
               there
               ,
               with
               Frait
               and
               Custom
               (
               when
               imported
               )
               in
               England
               ,
               it
               's
               much
               ,
               if
               it
               do
               not
               more
               than
               double
               the
               first
               principal
               .
            
             
               Now
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               so
               ,
               that
               the
               exportation
               of
               one
               Pack
               of
               English
               wool
               ,
               exported
               at
               10
               l.
               or
               12
               l.
               be
               neer
               200
               l.
               dammage
               to
               the
               King
               and
               Kingdom
               in
               general
               ,
               is
               the
               consequence
               ;
               what
               will
               be
               the
               loss
               in
               the
               exporting
               of
               10.
               or
               15·
               Thousand
               Packs
               into
               France
               (
               in
               two
               Years
               time
               )
               is
               easily
               accounted
               (
               by
               such
               )
               as
               are
               concerned
               in
               the
               affaires
               :
               And
               although
               this
               evil
               is
               almost
               incredible
               to
               many
               ,
               yet
               it
               is
               too
               manifest
               ,
               to
               such
               as
               have
               made
               (
               something
               )
               their
               business
               to
               look
               into
               it
               ;
               and
               not
               only
               so
               ,
               but
               these
               further
               inconveniences
               must
               (
               by
               this
               means
               )
               arise
               upon
               us
               .
            
             
               First
               ,
               The
               spoyling
               of
               our
               Trade
               with
               France
               in
               all
               our
               Woollen
               manufactures
               ,
               as
               doth
               already
               appear
               ,
               by
               the
               Impost
               put
               upon
               the
               same
               ,
               there
               ,
               from
               20.
               to
               40.
               
                 per
                 Cent.
              
               since
               so
               great
               quantitie
               of
               our
               VVools
               is
               exported
               thither
               ,
               whereunto
               woful
               experience
               may
               be
               a
               sufficient
               witness
               .
            
             
             
               And
               secondly
               ,
               In
               time
               it
               will
               capacitate
               the
               French
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               the
               Dutch
               ,
               (
               if
               not
               much
               better
               )
               to
               under-sell
               our
               English
               Merchants
               ,
               in
               Forrein
               Parts
               ,
               nay
               (
               possibly
               )
               in
               our
               own
               Country
               ▪
               (
               to
               this
               ,
               I
               shall
               only
               mention
               the
               words
               of
               a
               Merchant
               in
               Flanders
               ,
               by
               Letter
               to
               another
               here
               ,
               treating
               on
               this
               matter
               thus
               ,
               
                 We
                 English
                 have
                 our
                 throats
                 cut
                 ,
                 with
                 our
                 own
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 wondering
                 at
                 the
                 stupidity
                 of
                 the
                 English
                 here
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 so
                 long
                 omit
                 ,
                 to
                 possess
                 the
                 King's
                 Majesty
                 with
                 this
                 deplorable
                 and
                 dangerous
                 case
                 ,
                 in
                 respect
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 and
                 future
                 inconveniences
                 thereof
                 .
              
               )
               by
               reason
               whereof
               (
               as
               in
               time
               the
               French
               will
               not
               only
               prevent
               our
               English
               woollen
               manufactures
               ,
               to
               be
               sold
               in
               France
               (
               as
               before
               minded
               )
               and
               also
               in
               other
               Forrein
               Parts
               ,
               but
               also
               bring
               theirs
               into
               England
               ,
               and
               sell
               them
               for
               four
               times
               the
               value
               here
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               inriching
               of
               themselves
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               impoverishing
               of
               the
               English
               ,
               only
               by
               new
               fantastick
               fopperies
               ;
               for
               which
               the
               English
               pay
               not
               less
               than
               some
               hundred
               thousands
               in
               a
               year
               ,
               to
               get
               themselves
               into
               the
               French
               mode
               .
               So
               much
               (
               indeed
               )
               have
               we
               been
               deceived
               (
               in
               this
               matter
               )
               to
               our
               shame
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               to
               our
               apparent
               loss
               ;
               that
               whereas
               (
               in
               time
               of
               the
               late
               War
               )
               with
               the
               Dutch
               and
               French
               ,
               those
               French
               Druggets
               were
               thereby
               much
               prevented
               ,
               many
               English
               striped
               broad-cloths
               rent
               through
               into
               three
               parts
               (
               about
               10
               
                 s.
                 per
              
               Yard
               ,
               price
               )
               being
               put
               into
               the
               form
               of
               French
               Druggets
               ,
               were
               sold
               in
               each
               part
               at
               8
               
                 s.
                 per
              
               Yard
               ;
               and
               so
               (
               in
               the
               whole
               )
               came
               to
               1
               l.
               4
               
                 s.
                 per
              
               Yard
               .
               So
               likewise
               it
               is
               certainly
               true
               ,
               that
               many
               of
               those
               Druggets
               made
               here
               in
               England
               goe
               for
               French
               ,
               and
               in
               order
               thereunto
               ,
               directed
               to
               French
               Men
               in
               some
               of
               our
               Southern
               parts
               ,
               have
               from
               thence
               been
               conveighed
               unto
               London
               (
               and
               there
               sold
               for
               French
               Goods
               )
               to
               have
               coloured
               the
               business
               with
               the
               Custom-house
               Officers
               ,
               to
               save
               the
               Custom
               of
               French
               Druggets
               .
               And
               this
               continued
               long
               ,
               before
               the
               cheat
               could
               be
               discovered
               ;
               but
               being
               once
               found
               out
               by
               the
               Clothier
               ,
               (
               who
               could
               not
               (
               to
               his
               own
               private
               advantage
               )
               conceal
               such
               an
               apparent
               injury
               to
               his
               Country
               ,
               it
               was
               soon
               prevented
               :
               whereby
               we
               may
               come
               to
               see
               (
               with
               clearness
               )
               the
               advantage
               ,
               that
               that
               People
               makes
               upon
               our
               English
               fansies
               ,
               by
               over-selling
               us
               in
               the
               same
               kind
               of
               commodities
               ,
               that
               they
               make
               out
               of
               our
               English
               Wools
               ,
               joyned
               (
               as
               before
               minded
               )
               with
               their
               own
               ;
               having
               also
               an
               advantage
               thereunto
               ,
               by
               the
               cheapness
               of
               the
               manufactures
               thereof
               ,
               beyond
               what
               we
               can
               do
               (
               the
               French
               being
               
               very
               populous
               ,
               and
               living
               harder
               than
               we
               can
               in
               England
               ;
               as
               is
               evident
               by
               their
               Linnens
               ,
               that
               Paying
               Fraight
               and
               Custom
               with
               profit
               to
               the
               Merchant
               ,
               yet
               can
               be
               afforded
               cheaper
               than
               can
               be
               made
               in
               England
               .
            
             
               But
               so
               it
               is
               ,
               that
               the
               advantage
               we
               give
               them
               ,
               besides
               ,
               in
               the
               mixture
               of
               our
               Wools
               with
               theirs
               ,
               is
               such
               ,
               that
               whereas
               their
               Wool
               of
               it self
               ,
               is
               not
               worth
               above
               4
               
                 l.
                 per
              
               Pack
               ,
               being
               mixed
               with
               ours
               ,
               becomes
               so
               fit
               for
               Worsted-stuffes
               ,
               as
               that
               it
               comes
               to
               be
               worth
               no
               less
               than
               12
               
                 l.
                 per
              
               Pack
               .
               So
               that
               all
               those
               things
               considered
               ,
               it
               becomes
               obvious
               to
               every
               Eye
               ,
               (
               that
               doth
               not
               (
               wilfully
               )
               close
               it self
               )
               that
               the
               exportation
               of
               Wool
               from
               England
               and
               Ireland
               is
               of
               a
               dangerous
               and
               destructive
               nature
               to
               the
               very
               being
               of
               the
               Trade
               of
               this
               Kingdom
               .
               Whatever
               objections
               have
               been
               made
               (
               with
               respect
               to
               the
               Graziers
               present
               advantage
               )
               thereunto
               ,
               whose
               loss
               may
               possibly
               be
               supposed
               (
               by
               prohibiting
               exportation
               )
               to
               be
               about
               20
               s.
               in
               every
               Pack
               of
               Wool
               that
               's
               so
               exported
               :
               In
               answer
               whereunto
               ,
               I
               have
               this
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               though
               it
               may
               be
               granted
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               so
               for
               a
               time
               in
               this
               one
               particular
               commodity
               ,
               yet
               such
               will
               (
               thereby
               )
               be
               the
               spoyl
               of
               the
               general
               Trade
               of
               the
               Nation
               ,
               that
               what
               is
               gotten
               in
               one
               ,
               will
               be
               lost
               in
               every
               other
               commodity
               ,
               as
               Corn
               ,
               Beefs
               ,
               and
               Muttons
               ;
               on
               each
               of
               which
               ,
               with
               the
               Wools
               ,
               the
               Farmers
               and
               Graziers
               advantage
               doth
               much
               more
               than
               equally
               depend
               ;
               besides
               the
               inevitable
               danger
               of
               the
               ruine
               of
               our
               Trade
               ,
               and
               so
               consequently
               the
               starving
               of
               our
               Poor
               ,
               without
               some
               extraordinary
               means
               for
               their
               support
               ;
               who
               while
               the
               priviledge
               of
               our
               Trade
               is
               kept
               inviolate
               with
               other
               Nations
               ,
               we
               have
               money
               plentifully
               to
               expend
               for
               the
               advancement
               of
               the
               Farmers
               and
               the
               Graziers
               ;
               for
               that
               is
               that
               which
               chiefly
               advanceth
               the
               Grazier
               and
               Farmer
               ,
               which
               is
               Flesh
               and
               Corn
               ,
               and
               not
               the
               quantity
               of
               Wool
               ,
               as
               afterwards
               will
               more
               fully
               appear
               .
            
             
               And
               it
               hath
               always
               been
               observed
               (
               in
               former
               and
               latter
               times
               )
               hitherto
               ,
               that
               when
               the
               Clothiers
               have
               had
               the
               best
               Trade
               at
               London
               ,
               the
               Farmer
               did
               not
               loose
               his
               share
               in
               the
               advantage
               thereof
               in
               the
               Country
               ;
               according
               to
               the
               dispose
               of
               providence
               ,
               who
               hath
               ordered
               Nations
               ,
               but
               more
               especially
               the
               People
               of
               every
               Nation
               ,
               (
               in
               matters
               of
               this
               kind
               )
               to
               depend
               upon
               each
               other
               ,
               and
               so
               to
               rise
               or
               fall
               together
               ,
               as
               they
               are
               designed
               to
               mercy
               ,
               or
               to
               judgment
               ,
               by
               the
               hand
               of
               God.
               These
               things
               considered
               ,
               with
               a
               little
               deliberation
               ,
               
               it
               will
               manifestly
               appear
               ,
               that
               the
               exporting
               of
               our
               English
               Wool
               ,
               will
               not
               only
               prove
               the
               spoyl
               of
               our
               Merchants
               and
               Clothiers
               Trade
               ,
               and
               so
               consequently
               expose
               the
               Poor
               to
               desperate
               straits
               for
               subsistence
               ,
               but
               (
               in
               short
               time
               )
               must
               of
               necessity
               make
               the
               Country-mens
               imployments
               (
               of
               every
               kind
               )
               to
               come
               to
               little
               ,
               and
               so
               make
               them
               uncapable
               of
               paying
               Rent
               .
            
             
               For
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               so
               ,
               that
               while
               we
               have
               but
               a
               little
               Trade
               ,
               we
               can
               hardly
               live
               one
               by
               another
               ,
               What
               may
               be
               expected
               ,
               if
               our
               Trade
               should
               be
               taken
               away
               ?
               which
               is
               now
               more
               in
               danger
               (
               by
               the
               French
               )
               than
               it
               hath
               been
               these
               300.
               
               Years
               past
               —
               And
               then
               we
               may
               consider
               ,
               what
               the
               price
               of
               Wool
               may
               be
               in
               England
               ,
               when
               we
               by
               our
               remisness
               shall
               lose
               our
               Trade
               ,
               by
               the
               skill
               and
               circumventing
               practices
               of
               Foreiners
               ,
               and
               we
               helping
               forwards
               for
               a
               supposed
               profit
               ;
               For
               there
               was
               not
               more
               art
               and
               skill
               in
               our
               Ancestors
               ,
               to
               bring
               home
               the
               work
               at
               first
               to
               the
               Wool
               ,
               and
               prohibiting
               the
               exportation
               thereof
               ,
               and
               setling
               the
               manufacturing
               in
               England
               ,
               than
               is
               now
               to
               export
               the
               materials
               thereof
               unmanufactured
               .
               The
               necessary
               consequence
               will
               be
               to
               bring
               the
               Price
               of
               Wool
               (
               as
               it
               was
               300.
               
               Years
               agon
               ,
               when
               most
               was
               exported
               )
               to
               6
               
                 d.
                 per
              
               Pound
               ,
               as
               appears
               in
               a
               little
               Piece
               ,
               called
               ,
               
                 The
                 Golden
                 Fleece
              
               ,
               written
               by
               
                 W.
                 S.
              
               Gent.
               )
               in
               the
               Year
               ,
               56.
               although
               the
               Cloth
               made
               in
               Flanders
               of
               our
               Wools
               ,
               at
               6
               
                 d.
                 per
              
               Pound
               ,
               was
               then
               sold
               here
               in
               England
               at
               10
               
                 s.
                 per
              
               Yard
               ,
               when
               at
               this
               Day
               the
               Cloth
               made
               in
               England
               of
               Wool
               ,
               worth
               12
               
                 d.
                 per
              
               Pound
               will
               hardly
               yield
               7
               
                 s.
                 per
              
               Yard
               ,
               which
               is
               above
               30.
               
                 per
                 Cent.
              
               worse
               to
               the
               English
               Trade
               now
               ,
               than
               it
               was
               to
               the
               Flemmings
               formerly
               .
            
             
               And
               though
               for
               the
               present
               ,
               the
               price
               of
               Wool
               be
               risen
               by
               its
               exportation
               ,
               yet
               if
               the
               quantity
               lately
               exported
               (
               being
               no
               less
               than
               20.
               
               Thousand
               Packs
               )
               had
               been
               kept
               in
               England
               ,
               the
               quantity
               (
               if
               not
               with
               10.
               
               Thousand
               Packs
               more
               )
               would
               in
               time
               have
               been
               exported
               in
               the
               particular
               manufactures
               .
               For
               if
               the
               Wool
               was
               not
               exported
               to
               those
               places
               beyond
               the
               Seas
               ,
               there
               to
               be
               manufactured
               ,
               they
               must
               of
               necessity
               have
               our
               Woollen
               manufacture
               ,
               and
               then
               could
               not
               have
               those
               advantages
               (
               as
               before
               hinted
               )
               by
               our
               Wools
               ,
               to
               improve
               the
               French
               wool
               ,
               and
               short
               Spanish
               wool
               ,
               and
               their
               fine-spun
               Linnens
               .
            
             
               By
               all
               which
               ,
               it
               is
               so
               obvious
               ,
               that
               in
               time
               to
               come
               ,
               the
               VVools
               in
               England
               would
               be
               much
               cheaper
               ,
               because
               by
               the
               aforesaid
               
               means
               ,
               less
               Wool
               would
               be
               used
               in
               England
               ;
               and
               besides
               that
               which
               would
               be
               used
               ,
               the
               manufacture
               would
               be
               so
               low
               ,
               that
               it
               could
               not
               hear
               up
               any
               price
               (
               as
               is
               begun
               ,
               already
               in
               France
               ,
               and
               will
               suddenly
               follow
               in
               England
               )
               for
               it
               is
               generally
               reported
               ,
               that
               Wool
               is
               as
               cheap
               in
               France
               at
               this
               Day
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               in
               some
               parts
               where
               it
               is
               used
               in
               England
               .
               And
               if
               it
               be
               so
               now
               ,
               what
               in
               reason
               can
               be
               expected
               ,
               as
               the
               effects
               of
               these
               two
               things
               ?
               viz.
               The
               first
               ,
               when
               the
               great
               quantity
               that
               is
               lately
               exported
               to
               France
               ,
               with
               those
               three
               additions
               before
               hinted
               ,
               that
               the
               20.
               
               Thousand
               Packs
               helps
               to
               work
               out
               ,
               and
               especially
               most
               making
               VVorsted
               Stuffs
               ,
               which
               goes
               as
               far
               by
               that
               means
               ,
               as
               40.
               
               Thousand
               Packs
               of
               Wool
               would
               if
               used
               in
               England
               ,
               because
               it
               would
               be
               made
               more
               into
               substantial
               Cloaths
               ,
               which
               consumes
               more
               Wool
               ,
               than
               those
               light
               and
               thin
               Stuffes
               do
               :
               which
               is
               a
               sufficient
               Answer
               to
               that
               Objection
               ,
               that
               the
               great
               quantity
               of
               any
               commodity
               ,
               that
               is
               exported
               ,
               must
               be
               of
               scarcity
               ,
               and
               so
               consequently
               raise
               the
               price
               :
               which
               I
               must
               confess
               ,
               if
               it
               was
               a
               consumptive
               commodity
               ,
               but
               it
               is
               quite
               contrary
               in
               this
               .
               For
               as
               our
               experience
               is
               ,
               when
               the
               VVool
               was
               all
               used
               in
               England
               ,
               (
               or
               very
               little
               exported
               )
               then
               it
               was
               18
               
                 d.
                 per
              
               Pound
               ,
               and
               when
               all
               ,
               or
               the
               greatest
               part
               was
               exported
               ,
               it
               was
               at
               6
               
                 d.
                 per
              
               Pound
               .
            
             
               The
               wise
               Man
               saith
               ,
               
                 What
                 is
                 ,
                 hath
                 been
              
               ;
               and
               ,
               
                 what
                 hath
                 been
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 again
              
               ;
               and
               so
               no
               new
               thing
               .
            
             
               I
               shall
               conclude
               with
               a
               short
               review
               of
               the
               Graziers
               and
               Farmers
               present
               loss
               :
               In
               the
               greatest
               Commodity
               ,
               which
               pays
               his
               Rent
               ,
               as
               was
               formerly
               hinted
               .
               Suppose
               ,
               through
               want
               of
               Trade
               ,
               Mutton
               be
               sold
               but
               at
               6
               
                 d.
                 per
              
               Quarter
               (
               which
               is
               but
               little
               )
               being
               2
               
                 s.
                 per
              
               Sheep
               ;
               and
               there
               being
               some
               Sheep
               that
               one
               100.
               will
               but
               produce
               a
               Pack
               of
               Wool
               (
               though
               some
               less
               )
               that
               comes
               to
               10
               l.
               which
               is
               the
               worth
               of
               the
               Pack
               of
               Wool
               ,
               (
               and
               so
               proportionably
               as
               to
               Beefs
               )
               which
               is
               wholly
               lost
               to
               the
               Grazier
               .
            
             
               And
               for
               the
               Corn
               (
               as
               I
               suppose
               )
               there
               may
               be
               about
               50
               ls
               .
               worth
               ,
               (
               as
               far
               as
               I
               can
               judge
               in
               my
               travels
               ,
               to
               One
               Hundred
               Sheep
               throughout
               the
               Nation
               ,
               which
               for
               want
               of
               a
               Trade
               ,
               it
               may
               not
               (
               at
               some
               seasons
               )
               come
               to
               Thirty
               or
               Forty
               at
               most
               ;
               and
               if
               a
               good
               Trade
               ,
               it
               may
               be
               worth
               Sixty
               or
               Seventy
               :
               By
               which
               means
               it
               may
               easily
               be
               demonstrated
               ,
               how
               the
               Farmers
               come
               to
               be
               impoverished
               .
            
             
             
               The
               advantage
               of
               the
               Tenant
               consists
               in
               the
               advance
               of
               the
               greatest
               Commodity
               that
               pays
               his
               Rent
               ,
               which
               is
               not
               in
               Wool
               ,
               but
               in
               Corn
               :
               and
               it
               is
               a
               necessary
               consequence
               ,
               that
               there
               being
               so
               many
               Thousand
               Families
               depending
               upon
               the
               Cloathing
               Trade
               ,
               which
               (
               as
               before
               hinted
               )
               was
               instrumental
               to
               advance
               the
               price
               of
               Corn
               ,
               that
               where-ever
               Trade
               is
               ,
               there
               People
               are
               most
               populous
               ,
               and
               when
               those
               Persons
               are
               deprived
               of
               their
               Trade
               ,
               depending
               wholly
               upon
               it
               ,
               they
               must
               unavoidably
               come
               to
               the
               Parishes
               :
               which
               is
               in
               many
               Places
               begun
               already
               ,
               and
               Daily
               increasing
               ;
               and
               feared
               in
               time
               will
               so
               increase
               ,
               that
               the
               Poor
               will
               be
               expecting
               more
               than
               there
               will
               be
               to
               contribute
               to
               them
               .
               And
               as
               there
               be
               in
               many
               Country
               Parishes
               Ten
               that
               live
               on
               the
               Trade
               ,
               for
               One
               that
               can
               live
               of
               himself
               .
               VVhat
               will
               become
               of
               those
               Parishes
               ,
               when
               the
               Trade
               is
               gone
               ?
               So
               that
               it
               may
               easily
               be
               concluded
               that
               the
               Farmers
               loss
               for
               want
               of
               Trade
               is
               four-fold
               greater
               than
               the
               Pack
               of
               VVool
               ,
               by
               the
               lowness
               of
               the
               price
               of
               Corn.
               And
               this
               is
               the
               true
               reason
               :
               for
               those
               Persons
               that
               formerly
               ,
               when
               there
               was
               a
               Trade
               ,
               could
               lay
               out
               
                 Ten
                 Shillings
              
               in
               Corn
               ,
               have
               now
               but
               
                 Five
                 Shillings
              
               ,
               which
               being
               multiplyed
               by
               Hundreds
               of
               Thousands
               in
               the
               Nation
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               no
               difficult
               point
               to
               see
               which
               way
               the
               Grazier
               and
               Farmer
               come
               to
               be
               undone
               ,
               and
               so
               are
               forced
               to
               give
               up
               their
               Lands
               into
               their
               Landlords
               hands
               :
               For
               it
               is
               not
               so
               much
               the
               super-abounding
               Crops
               that
               lessens
               the
               price
               of
               Corn
               ,
               but
               the
               want
               of
               Money
               .
               For
               I
               have
               known
               as
               much
               Corn
               grow
               Yearly
               ,
               formerly
               ,
               as
               is
               now
               ,
               (
               when
               Trade
               was
               good
               )
               to
               be
               20.
               or
               30.
               
                 per
                 Cent.
              
               dearer
               than
               now
               .
            
             
               
               
                 SInce
                 the
                 foregoing
                 papers
                 were
                 printed
                 ,
                 I
                 met
                 with
                 an
                 Objection
                 against
                 what
                 was
                 asserted
                 page
                 the
                 4th
                 .
                 (
                 viz.
                 )
                 The
                 French
                 having
                 that
                 advantage
                 of
                 our
                 English
                 Wool
                 ,
                 to
                 help
                 work
                 up
                 theirs
                 being
                 worsen
                 ;
                 and
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 according
                 to
                 my
                 best
                 Information
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 none
                 fit
                 for
                 such
                 purposes
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 (
                 viz.
                 )
                 for
                 fine
                 Worsteds
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 middle
                 sort
                 of
                 Cloath
                 ,
                 but
                 English
                 and
                 Irish
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 all
                 one
                 ;
                 )
                 The
                 Objection
                 were
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 Wools
                 in
                 most
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 world
                 ;
                 therefore
                 why
                 not
                 proper
                 for
                 those
                 purposes
                 ?
                 Answer
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 Wools
                 was
                 never
                 gainsaid
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 such
                 Wool
                 for
                 fineness
                 and
                 substance
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 except
                 Spanish
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 as
                 yet
                 ever
                 receive
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 before
                 I
                 hinted
                 )
                 any
                 satisfactory
                 accompt
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 better
                 satisfaction
                 of
                 the
                 Reader
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 give
                 some
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 natures
                 of
                 Wools
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 but
                 first
                 of
                 Spanish
                 Wools
                 :
                 They
                 are
                 the
                 finest
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 world
                 for
                 Cloath
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 so
                 fit
                 for
                 Worsted
                 ,
                 being
                 too
                 fine
                 and
                 short
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 Wools
                 also
                 are
                 one
                 in
                 nature
                 with
                 our
                 English
                 ,
                 being
                 at
                 first
                 from
                 Sheep
                 that
                 were
                 English
                 Transported
                 thither
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 that
                 be
                 much
                 finer
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Climate
                 ,
                 yet
                 is
                 it
                 still
                 one
                 in
                 nature
                 ;
                 next
                 to
                 it
                 is
                 Lempster
                 Wool
                 ,
                 almost
                 as
                 fine
                 as
                 Spanish
                 ;
                 then
                 next
                 part
                 of
                 Shropshire
                 and
                 Stafford-shire
                 ,
                 part
                 of
                 
                   Glocester-shire
                   ,
                   Wilts
                   ,
                   Dorset
                   ,
                   Hampshire
                   ,
                
                 part
                 of
                 Sussex
                 ,
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 
                   Kent
                   ,
                   Summerset
                   ,
                   Devon
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Cornwall
                 ,
                 most
                 part
                 for
                 Cloath
                 ,
                 some
                 small
                 parts
                 for
                 Worsteds
                 .
                 Amongst
                 all
                 these
                 Counties
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 9.
                 
                   d.
                   per
                
                 pound
                 difference
                 in
                 the
                 prises
                 of
                 one
                 place
                 ,
                 (
                 
                   viz.
                   )
                   Lempster
                
                 ,
                 from
                 some
                 other
                 parts
                 ;
                 but
                 then
                 again
                 part
                 of
                 Sussex
                 and
                 
                   Surrey
                   ,
                   Middlesex
                   ,
                   Hertfordshire
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Counties
                 2.
                 d.
                 3.
                 
                   d.
                   per
                
                 pound
                 cheaper
                 then
                 the
                 lowest
                 of
                 the
                 abovementioned
                 Counties
                 ;
                 but
                 then
                 for
                 
                   Barkeshire
                   ,
                   Buckingham
                   ,
                   Warwick
                   ,
                   Oxford
                   ,
                   Leicester
                   ,
                   Nottingham
                   ,
                   Northampton
                   ,
                
                 
                 and
                 Lincoln
                 ,
                 part
                 of
                 Kent
                 called
                 
                   Rumney
                   Marsh
                
                 ,
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 last
                 mentioned
                 Counties
                 ,
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 Irish
                 Wools
                 is
                 so
                 proper
                 for
                 Worsted
                 Stuffs
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 world
                 cannot
                 be
                 compared
                 with
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 hence
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 cares
                 of
                 our
                 Ancestors
                 have
                 been
                 such
                 ,
                 (
                 ever
                 since
                 King
                 Edward
                 the
                 3d.
                 in
                 most
                 Kings
                 Reignes
                 )
                 there
                 have
                 been
                 some
                 Lawes
                 made
                 or
                 altered
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 some
                 Kings
                 Reigns
                 altered
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 times
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 effectual
                 :
                 and
                 for
                 a
                 memorial
                 to
                 future
                 Generations
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 Wool-packs
                 in
                 the
                 Lords
                 House
                 in
                 Westminster
                 for
                 Seats
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 mind
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 the
                 foundation
                 of
                 the
                 Riches
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdome
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 by
                 the
                 various
                 streams
                 of
                 the
                 Manufactures
                 thereof
                 ,
                 as
                 formerly
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 briefly
                 hinted
                 from
                 the
                 Farmer
                 to
                 the
                 Merchant
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 now
                 endeavour
                 to
                 give
                 some
                 particular
                 account
                 how
                 all
                 are
                 conserved
                 ;
                 And
                 before
                 I
                 do
                 this
                 ,
                 give
                 me
                 leave
                 to
                 insert
                 the
                 Observation
                 of
                 a
                 worthy
                 Author
                 Sir
                 
                   Walter
                   Rawleigh
                
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 met
                 withal
                 since
                 the
                 former
                 Papers
                 were
                 Written
                 ,
                 who
                 saith
                 ,
                 That
                 ,
                 then
                 which
                 was
                 in
                 King
                 
                 James's
                 Reign
                 ,
                 about
                 fourscore
                 thousand
                 undrest
                 &
                 undyed
                 Cloaths
                 yearly
                 were
                 Transported
                 :
                 whereby
                 it
                 was
                 evident
                 that
                 the
                 Kingdome
                 hath
                 been
                 yearly
                 deprived
                 of
                 about
                 400000.
                 l.
                 which
                 in
                 fifty
                 five
                 years
                 is
                 near
                 20
                 Millions
                 ,
                 that
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 gained
                 by
                 the
                 labour
                 of
                 poor
                 Workmen
                 in
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Merchants
                 gains
                 for
                 bringing
                 in
                 dying
                 Stuffs
                 ,
                 and
                 returns
                 of
                 Cloaths
                 drest
                 and
                 dyed
                 ,
                 with
                 other
                 benefits
                 to
                 the
                 Realm
                 ,
                 besides
                 exceeding
                 inlargeing
                 of
                 Traffick
                 ,
                 and
                 increase
                 of
                 Ships
                 and
                 Mariners
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 gained
                 in
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 about
                 three
                 Millions
                 by
                 increase
                 of
                 Customs
                 upon
                 Commodities
                 returned
                 for
                 Cloaths
                 drest
                 and
                 dyed
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 dying
                 Stuffs
                 which
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 more
                 plentifully
                 brought
                 in
                 and
                 used
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 hath
                 been
                 also
                 Transported
                 in
                 that
                 time
                 yearly
                 ,
                 by
                 Bayes
                 ,
                 Northern
                 and
                 Devonshire
                 Kerzyes
                 white
                 ,
                 about
                 50000.
                 
                 Cloaths
                 counting
                 three
                 Kersyes
                 to
                 a
                 Cloath
                 ,
                 whereby
                 hath
                 been
                 lost
                 about
                 five
                 Millions
                 by
                 those
                 sorts
                 of
                 Cloaths
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 time
                 which
                 would
                 have
                 come
                 to
                 poor
                 Work-men
                 for
                 their
                 labour
                 ,
                 with
                 Customs
                 for
                 dying
                 Stuffs
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 peoples
                 profit
                 for
                 bringing
                 them
                 in
                 with
                 returns
                 of
                 other
                 Commodities
                 and
                 Fraights
                 for
                 shipping
                 .
              
               
                 Bayes
                 are
                 Transported
                 white
                 into
                 Amsterdam
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 there
                 
                 dyed
                 and
                 drest
                 ,
                 are
                 shipped
                 into
                 
                   Spain
                   ,
                   Portugal
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Kingdomes
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 sold
                 in
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Flemish
                 Bayes
                 ,
                 setting
                 their
                 own
                 Town
                 Seals
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 we
                 lose
                 the
                 very
                 name
                 of
                 our
                 home-bred
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Countrys
                 get
                 the
                 Reputation
                 and
                 Credit
                 thereof
                 .
                 Lamentable
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 this
                 Land
                 should
                 be
                 deprived
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 above-mentioned
                 Millions
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 our
                 Native
                 Commodities
                 of
                 Cloath
                 ,
                 ordained
                 of
                 God
                 for
                 the
                 natural
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 being
                 so
                 Royal
                 and
                 rich
                 in
                 it self
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 driven
                 to
                 so
                 small
                 advantage
                 of
                 Reputation
                 &
                 Profit
                 to
                 your
                 Majesty
                 and
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 much
                 improved
                 and
                 intercepted
                 by
                 Strangers
                 ;
                 considering
                 that
                 God
                 hath
                 enabled
                 and
                 given
                 your
                 Majesty
                 power
                 to
                 advance
                 dressing
                 and
                 dying
                 ,
                 and
                 Transporting
                 all
                 your
                 Cloaths
                 within
                 a
                 year
                 or
                 two
                 :
                 I
                 speak
                 it
                 knowingly
                 ,
                 to
                 shew
                 how
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 laudibly
                 ,
                 lawfully
                 ,
                 and
                 approved
                 to
                 be
                 Honourable
                 ,
                 feaseable
                 ,
                 and
                 profitable
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 observes
                 also
                 the
                 increase
                 of
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Customs
                 ,
                 by
                 bringing
                 in
                 and
                 spending
                 of
                 dying
                 Stuffs
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 strength
                 in
                 shipping
                 ,
                 &
                 setting
                 so
                 many
                 thousands
                 of
                 poor
                 on
                 work
                 ;
                 also
                 noting
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Low-Countrys
                 ,
                 where
                 these
                 Cloaths
                 are
                 drest
                 and
                 dyed
                 ,
                 they
                 stretch
                 them
                 to
                 such
                 unreasonable
                 length
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 our
                 Law
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 prevent
                 and
                 forestale
                 our
                 Markets
                 ,
                 and
                 cross
                 the
                 just
                 prohibition
                 of
                 our
                 State
                 and
                 Realm
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 Agents
                 ,
                 and
                 Factors
                 ,
                 lying
                 in
                 divers
                 places
                 with
                 our
                 own
                 Cloaths
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 decay
                 of
                 this
                 Kingdome
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 &
                 discredit
                 to
                 our
                 Cloaths
                 in
                 particular
                 .
                 Again
                 ,
                 he
                 adds
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 accounts
                 were
                 truly
                 known
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 found
                 that
                 they
                 make
                 not
                 clear
                 profit
                 only
                 by
                 Cloath
                 Transported
                 rough
                 ,
                 undrest
                 ,
                 and
                 undyed
                 ,
                 sixty
                 thousand
                 pounds
                 a
                 year
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 most
                 apparent
                 your
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 in
                 your
                 Customs
                 ,
                 your
                 Merchants
                 in
                 their
                 Sales
                 and
                 Prizes
                 ;
                 your
                 Subjects
                 in
                 their
                 Labours
                 ,
                 for
                 lack
                 of
                 dressing
                 and
                 dying
                 ;
                 your
                 Ships
                 and
                 Mariners
                 in
                 not
                 bringing
                 in
                 of
                 dying
                 Stuffs
                 ,
                 spending
                 of
                 Alum
                 (
                 if
                 not
                 
                   Copper
                   as
                
                 )
                 are
                 hindered
                 yearly
                 near
                 a
                 Million
                 of
                 pounds
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 Trade
                 is
                 driven
                 to
                 that
                 great
                 hinderance
                 of
                 your
                 Majesty
                 and
                 People
                 ,
                 by
                 permitting
                 your
                 Native
                 Commodities
                 to
                 pass
                 rough
                 ,
                 undrest
                 ,
                 and
                 undyed
                 .
                 Thus
                 Sir
                 
                   Walter
                   Rawleigh
                
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 if
                 it
                 was
                 thus
                 with
                 England
                 so
                 long
                 agoe
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Wool
                 was
                 spun
                 and
                 made
                 here
                 into
                 substantial
                 Cloath
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 for
                 want
                 only
                 of
                 dressing
                 and
                 dying
                 ,
                 many
                 Millions
                 were
                 lost
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 Kingdom
                 :
                 What
                 then
                 hath
                 been
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 
                 thousand
                 Packs
                 of
                 Wool
                 exported
                 (
                 without
                 any
                 improvement
                 ,
                 especially
                 that
                 to
                 France
                 ,
                 the
                 consequence
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 more
                 prejudicial
                 (
                 as
                 hath
                 been
                 demonstrated
                 )
                 than
                 can
                 be
                 imagined
                 (
                 accounting
                 but
                 one
                 hundred
                 pounds
                 dammage
                 by
                 one
                 Pack
                 of
                 Wool
                 ,
                 )
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 ten
                 thousand
                 yearly
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 much
                 more
                 exported
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 dammage
                 a
                 Million
                 of
                 pounds
                 sterling
                 ,
                 yearly
                 to
                 this
                 Kingdome
                 ,
                 (
                 besides
                 the
                 suffering
                 of
                 the
                 Poor
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Imployment
                 )
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 his
                 Majesties
                 dammage
                 cannot
                 be
                 less
                 then
                 100000.
                 pound
                 yearly
                 :
                 The
                 lessening
                 of
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 and
                 discouragement
                 of
                 Mariners
                 ;
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 this
                 Kingdome
                 hereby
                 deserve
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 then
                 to
                 his
                 Majestyes
                 loss
                 ,
                 is
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Merchant
                 and
                 Cloathier
                 ;
                 after
                 which
                 must
                 follow
                 detriment
                 to
                 all
                 other
                 persons
                 depending
                 on
                 Trade
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 such
                 a
                 Connexion
                 of
                 Trades
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 the
                 whole
                 of
                 Trade
                 being
                 enlarged
                 by
                 the
                 abounding
                 of
                 Laborious
                 People
                 .
                 Those
                 supply
                 the
                 Farmers
                 and
                 Graziers
                 with
                 money
                 ,
                 for
                 you
                 to
                 supply
                 the
                 Gentry
                 .
                 They
                 again
                 scatter
                 it
                 amongst
                 the
                 Tradesmen
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 witnessed
                 by
                 the
                 building
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 London
                 ,
                 how
                 Provision
                 and
                 all
                 Consumptive
                 goods
                 are
                 advanced
                 by
                 it
                 :
                 by
                 which
                 circulation
                 all
                 degrees
                 are
                 either
                 imployed
                 ,
                 enriched
                 ,
                 or
                 both
                 ;
                 and
                 hence
                 naturally
                 comes
                 Content
                 ,
                 Harmony
                 ,
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 one
                 in
                 another
                 ;
                 the
                 Poor
                 being
                 by
                 Imployment
                 delivered
                 from
                 fear
                 of
                 want
                 ,
                 the
                 Gentry
                 ,
                 Merchant
                 ,
                 and
                 Tradesmen
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 establishment
                 of
                 Trade
                 therein
                 .
                 This
                 Rationally
                 is
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 any
                 People
                 ,
                 Poverty
                 and
                 Idleness
                 brings
                 their
                 shame
                 and
                 Ruine
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 unavoidably
                 follow
                 want
                 of
                 Trade
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 where
                 the
                 greatest
                 Trade
                 hath
                 been
                 ;
                 if
                 it
                 fails
                 ,
                 the
                 greater
                 Poverty
                 is
                 and
                 will
                 be
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 instance
                 ,
                 as
                 here
                 ,
                 in
                 London
                 ,
                 the
                 Trade
                 in
                 Provision
                 is
                 the
                 more
                 ,
                 so
                 by
                 Consequence
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 dear
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 best
                 for
                 all
                 ;
                 so
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 City
                 should
                 be
                 forced
                 to
                 keep
                 so
                 many
                 thousands
                 ,
                 when
                 all
                 their
                 work
                 is
                 done
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 now
                 in
                 the
                 Building
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 great
                 burden
                 :
                 so
                 the
                 case
                 is
                 in
                 England
                 in
                 this
                 particular
                 ,
                 where
                 great
                 Trade
                 have
                 been
                 formerly
                 kept
                 ,
                 and
                 drawn
                 several
                 Families
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 raised
                 Commodities
                 there
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 it
                 fails
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 miserable
                 state
                 and
                 condition
                 those
                 places
                 are
                 in
                 .
                 To
                 return
                 ,
                 in
                 short
                 
                 there
                 is
                 such
                 Connextion
                 and
                 dependency
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 one
                 fail
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 ,
                 either
                 more
                 near
                 ,
                 or
                 remotely
                 are
                 concerned
                 ;
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 natural
                 body
                 ,
                 when
                 any
                 member
                 fails
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 suffers
                 thereby
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 all
                 Trades
                 and
                 degrees
                 of
                 men
                 may
                 suffer
                 by
                 one
                 mistake
                 in
                 Trades
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 none
                 more
                 probably
                 .
                 I
                 will
                 say
                 then
                 this
                 of
                 Wool
                 ,
                 as
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 Artificers
                 ,
                 Farmers
                 ,
                 Sea-men
                 ,
                 Fisher-men
                 ,
                 being
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 their
                 study
                 and
                 labour
                 do
                 principaly
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 only
                 bring
                 in
                 ,
                 or
                 give
                 occasion
                 to
                 the
                 bringing
                 in
                 of
                 wealth
                 to
                 the
                 Nation
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 kind
                 of
                 people
                 (
                 viz.
                 )
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 Gentry
                 ,
                 Lawyers
                 ,
                 Physicians
                 ,
                 Schollars
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 ;
                 Shop-keepers
                 are
                 they
                 that
                 receive
                 from
                 these
                 ,
                 and
                 distribute
                 it
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 are
                 consequently
                 concerned
                 in
                 this
                 rich
                 Treasure
                 of
                 Wool
                 ,
                 because
                 this
                 being
                 a
                 Manufacture
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 sets
                 more
                 hands
                 at
                 work
                 than
                 half
                 the
                 Nation
                 .
              
               
                 May
                 I
                 not
                 with
                 modesty
                 and
                 within
                 Compass
                 ,
                 say
                 three
                 parts
                 of
                 Laborious
                 and
                 Industrious
                 people
                 ?
                 considering
                 that
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 shipping
                 is
                 imployed
                 in
                 this
                 affair
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 so
                 many
                 Trades
                 that
                 depend
                 immediatly
                 upon
                 this
                 of
                 Cloathing
                 ,
                 that
                 most
                 of
                 other
                 Trades
                 are
                 but
                 for
                 Provision
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 Food
                 or
                 Conveniencies
                 for
                 Cloathing
                 :
                 and
                 so
                 from
                 his
                 Majesty
                 to
                 the
                 meanest
                 ,
                 all
                 are
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 concerned
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   King
                   mostly
                
                 ;
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 that
                 his
                 People
                 are
                 by
                 that
                 most
                 imployed
                 and
                 provided
                 for
                 ,
                 nor
                 in
                 that
                 such
                 a
                 Staple
                 Trade
                 ,
                 the
                 like
                 whereunto
                 the
                 world
                 hath
                 not
                 with
                 good
                 Advantage
                 thereby
                 is
                 maintained
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Revenue
                 comes
                 directly
                 into
                 him
                 upon
                 the
                 Trade
                 ,
                 occasioned
                 thereby
                 :
                 Thus
                 as
                 the
                 King
                 gains
                 ,
                 or
                 suffers
                 most
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 persons
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 greatest
                 Estates
                 or
                 Trades
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 all
                 proportionably
                 to
                 the
                 Beggar
                 .
                 And
                 also
                 considering
                 that
                 an
                 accustomary
                 thing
                 begets
                 such
                 an
                 habit
                 that
                 is
                 hard
                 to
                 reduce
                 ;
                 as
                 in
                 our
                 rough
                 and
                 undrest
                 Cloath
                 to
                 Holland
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 with
                 all
                 our
                 Manufactures
                 in
                 France
                 ;
                 nay
                 I
                 am
                 informed
                 that
                 the
                 French
                 hath
                 not
                 only
                 imposed
                 a
                 great
                 Tax
                 upon
                 our
                 Woollen
                 Manufactures
                 ,
                 from
                 twenty
                 to
                 forty
                 
                   per
                   cent
                
                 ,
                 but
                 have
                 also
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 affirmed
                 ,
                 beside
                 that
                 their
                 imposition
                 )
                 absolutely
                 prohibited
                 our
                 Cloaths
                 coming
                 there
                 I
                 am
                 the
                 more
                 large
                 in
                 the
                 demonstration
                 of
                 this
                 affair
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 because
                 this
                 hath
                 cost
                 me
                 many
                 years
                 labour
                 and
                 study
                 to
                 consult
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 concerned
                 persons
                 ,
                 besides
                 
                 mine
                 own
                 experience
                 about
                 it
                 ;
                 nor
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 so
                 hard
                 to
                 convince
                 people
                 of
                 the
                 meanst
                 capacity
                 ,
                 but
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 wiser
                 sort
                 ,
                 how
                 to
                 cure
                 this
                 dismal
                 malady
                 :
                 which
                 some
                 despairing
                 of
                 ,
                 have
                 rather
                 thoughts
                 of
                 setting
                 up
                 some
                 other
                 Manufacture
                 in
                 Lieu
                 of
                 endeavours
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 exportation
                 of
                 Wool
                 and
                 Manufacturing
                 of
                 that
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 looking
                 thereon
                 as
                 a
                 thing
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 overcome
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 Linnens
                 in
                 some
                 capable
                 parts
                 of
                 England
                 )
                 and
                 a
                 better
                 improvement
                 in
                 the
                 product
                 of
                 forrein
                 plantations
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 also
                 be
                 set
                 upon
                 together
                 herewith
                 as
                 an
                 addition
                 ;
                 so
                 as
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 persons
                 may
                 be
                 set
                 better
                 on
                 work
                 ,
                 not
                 capable
                 of
                 this
                 employment
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 no
                 prejudice
                 to
                 this
                 of
                 Cloathing
                 :
                 for
                 all
                 other
                 Countryes
                 have
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 or
                 are
                 equal
                 to
                 us
                 in
                 other
                 Manufactures
                 proper
                 to
                 their
                 Countreys
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 in
                 this
                 of
                 Cloathing
                 :
                 and
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 found
                 that
                 all
                 Trades
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 wholly
                 distinct
                 from
                 this
                 of
                 Cloathing
                 ,
                 bring
                 not
                 the
                 tythe
                 of
                 advantage
                 that
                 this
                 doth
                 .
              
               
                 Since
                 men
                 cannot
                 rationally
                 believe
                 the
                 effects
                 to
                 be
                 greater
                 than
                 the
                 cause
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 of
                 other
                 Manufactures
                 either
                 is
                 in
                 being
                 ,
                 or
                 brought
                 to
                 use
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Manufactures
                 of
                 Wool
                 ;
                 even
                 from
                 the
                 Farmer
                 to
                 the
                 Merchant
                 all
                 are
                 concerned
                 in
                 this
                 of
                 Wool
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 hereafter
                 more
                 appear
                 .
                 It
                 now
                 remains
                 that
                 we
                 sum
                 up
                 Englands
                 loss
                 by
                 the
                 exportation
                 of
                 our
                 Wools
                 to
                 Forrein
                 Parts
                 ;
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 the
                 advantage
                 we
                 might
                 have
                 by
                 the
                 Manufactureing
                 thereof
                 ,
                 here
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 as
                 formerly
                 noted
                 ;
                 but
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 importing
                 af
                 Dutch
                 Cloath
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 in
                 French
                 Manufactures
                 ,
                 because
                 England
                 improves
                 not
                 their
                 own
                 Wools
                 ;
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 humour
                 of
                 English
                 people
                 ,
                 in
                 putting
                 such
                 a
                 value
                 upon
                 French
                 fancies
                 ,
                 when
                 themselves
                 are
                 in
                 a
                 better
                 capacity
                 ,
                 if
                 improved
                 ,
                 to
                 produce
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 or
                 better
                 ,
                 and
                 save
                 the
                 following
                 sums
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 One
                 Million
                 of
                 pounds
                 Sterling
                 yearly
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Exportation
                 of
                 our
                 Wool.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Five
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 pounds
                 in
                 rough
                 Cloath
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 but
                 half
                 what
                 Sir
                 
                   Walter
                   Rawleigh
                
                 observes
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 One
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 pound
                 yearly
                 ,
                 in
                 Importing
                 French
                 Manufactures
                 superfluous
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Many
                 thousand
                 pounds
                 in
                 Importing
                 Dutch
                 Cloath
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 the
                 evil
                 consequences
                 thereof
                 in
                 loseing
                 our
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 encouraged
                 thereby
                 ,
                 &
                 are
                 the
                 strength
                 or
                 
                 Walls
                 of
                 our
                 Kingdome
                 ,
                 as
                 more
                 particularly
                 doth
                 appear
                 hereafter
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 discovered
                 the
                 dammage
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 England
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Transportation
                 of
                 Wool
                 from
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 the
                 meanest
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 endeavour
                 also
                 to
                 discover
                 the
                 methods
                 how
                 it
                 is
                 done
                 ;
                 and
                 before
                 I
                 shall
                 prescribe
                 Remedy
                 (
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 enough
                 to
                 know
                 distempers
                 ,
                 especially
                 such
                 that
                 are
                 so
                 Consumptive
                 ,
                 )
                 it
                 is
                 requisite
                 to
                 know
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 those
                 distempers
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 the
                 supposed
                 Remedies
                 will
                 in
                 time
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 disease
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 too
                 much
                 in
                 this
                 case
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 in
                 England
                 :
                 where
                 the
                 causes
                 are
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 the
                 Remedies
                 are
                 consequently
                 misapplyed
                 ,
                 whereby
                 a
                 disease
                 in
                 supposition
                 becomes
                 one
                 in
                 effect
                 ;
                 the
                 methods
                 or
                 ways
                 of
                 this
                 evil
                 are
                 —
                 First
                 ,
                 in
                 
                   Rumny
                   Marsh
                
                 in
                 Kent
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 rough
                 Wooll
                 is
                 exported
                 from
                 England
                 ,
                 put
                 aboard
                 French
                 Shallops
                 by
                 night
                 ,
                 ten
                 or
                 twenty
                 men
                 well
                 armed
                 to
                 guard
                 it
                 ;
                 some
                 other
                 parts
                 there
                 are
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 
                   Sussex
                   ,
                   Hampshire
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Essex
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 methods
                 may
                 be
                 used
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 so
                 conveniently
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 for
                 coombed
                 Wool
                 from
                 Canterbury
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 carry
                 it
                 ten
                 or
                 fifteen
                 miles
                 at
                 night
                 towards
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 like
                 guard
                 as
                 before
                 ;
                 but
                 for
                 other
                 parts
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 done
                 partly
                 by
                 the
                 Remisness
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Customs
                 ,
                 and
                 easie
                 Composition
                 for
                 the
                 forfeitures
                 of
                 the
                 Bonds
                 ,
                 as
                 more
                 shall
                 appear
                 anon
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 then
                 for
                 coombed
                 Wool
                 in
                 other
                 parts
                 ,
                 some
                 is
                 shipped
                 off
                 from
                 London
                 for
                 Bales
                 of
                 Drapery
                 ;
                 nay
                 some
                 at
                 Lime
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 at
                 Exon
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 ten
                 thousand
                 pounds
                 Sterling
                 weekly
                 laid
                 out
                 in
                 the
                 woollen
                 Manufactury
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 for
                 Workmens
                 wages
                 :
                 I
                 know
                 no
                 place
                 clear
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 another
                 reason
                 ,
                 why
                 persons
                 are
                 not
                 detected
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 because
                 all
                 the
                 wools
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 taken
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 ,
                 where
                 most
                 hath
                 been
                 exported
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 suffered
                 to
                 go
                 off
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 places
                 after
                 Judgments
                 past
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Officers
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 persons
                 at
                 a
                 low
                 rate
                 ,
                 being
                 under
                 rated
                 to
                 those
                 very
                 men
                 that
                 intended
                 to
                 ship
                 it
                 at
                 first
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 evil
                 is
                 never
                 like
                 to
                 be
                 avoyded
                 that
                 way
                 ;
                 only
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 taken
                 ,
                 happily
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 the
                 dearer
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Trade
                 going
                 ;
                 for
                 I
                 have
                 enquired
                 ,
                 and
                 cannot
                 understand
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 two
                 parcels
                 of
                 wool
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 seased
                 on
                 in
                 Kent
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 used
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 sent
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 his
                 Majesties
                 providence
                 
                 is
                 cheated
                 ,
                 who
                 keeps
                 Servants
                 at
                 great
                 wages
                 to
                 prevent
                 such
                 abuses
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 then
                 another
                 cheat
                 is
                 under
                 a
                 pretense
                 of
                 wool
                 from
                 Hampton
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Islands
                 of
                 Jersey
                 and
                 Gernsey
                 ,
                 &
                 sometimes
                 from
                 other
                 parts
                 which
                 is
                 against
                 the
                 Law
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 wool
                 to
                 be
                 exported
                 to
                 those
                 Islands
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 from
                 Hampton
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 by
                 Law
                 should
                 be
                 by
                 weight
                 :
                 but
                 now
                 it
                 goes
                 by
                 gross
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 pack
                 when
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 weighed
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 believe
                 not
                 one
                 pack
                 in
                 ten
                 is
                 weighed
                 ,
                 for
                 three
                 packs
                 is
                 put
                 into
                 one
                 .
                 Then
                 from
                 Ireland
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 greatest
                 mischief
                 of
                 all
                 to
                 England
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 increased
                 since
                 the
                 Act
                 was
                 in
                 force
                 against
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 the
                 Irish
                 wool
                 can
                 be
                 sold
                 as
                 cheap
                 in
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   Holland
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Flanders
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 those
                 places
                 where
                 wool
                 is
                 used
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 augmentation
                 to
                 us
                 of
                 prejudice
                 for
                 Foreiners
                 to
                 have
                 our
                 wool
                 so
                 cheap
                 as
                 we
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 having
                 other
                 conveniencies
                 to
                 underwork
                 us
                 as
                 formerly
                 hinted
                 .
                 The
                 wayes
                 there
                 must
                 be
                 by
                 the
                 carelessness
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 ,
                 in
                 not
                 taking
                 solvant
                 security
                 and
                 exactness
                 in
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 wool
                 ,
                 and
                 true
                 examination
                 of
                 the
                 returns
                 of
                 their
                 Certificates
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 by
                 easie
                 compositions
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 before
                 bonds
                 are
                 forfeited
                 ,
                 and
                 happily
                 much
                 combed
                 Wool
                 there
                 packt
                 up
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 as
                 bailes
                 of
                 Cloath
                 ,
                 or
                 barrels
                 of
                 Beef
                 ,
                 and
                 shiped
                 as
                 Irish
                 Cloath
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 points
                 so
                 cunningly
                 carryed
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 seldome
                 discovered
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 sealed
                 as
                 the
                 Statutes
                 in
                 that
                 case
                 made
                 and
                 provided
                 ,
                 do
                 strictly
                 require
                 .
              
               
                 Here
                 see
                 what
                 
                   W.
                   S.
                
                 saith
                 :
                 
                   Now
                   to
                   shew
                   you
                   more
                   particularly
                   these
                   abuses
                   ,
                   how
                   the
                   Laws
                   are
                   crossed
                   and
                   daily
                   obstructed
                   to
                   such
                   as
                   endeavour
                   to
                   serve
                   their
                   Country
                   ,
                   by
                   such
                   as
                   ought
                   to
                   encourage
                   the
                   prosecutors
                   ;
                   sure
                   there
                   will
                   be
                   very
                   many
                   practises
                   of
                   evil
                   consequents
                   discovered
                   ;
                   for
                   first
                   in
                   the
                   Custom-House
                   ,
                   where
                   bonds
                   are
                   taken
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   intent
                   that
                   these
                   prohibited
                   Commodities
                   pass
                   not
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   Mariners
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Nation
                   ,
                   but
                   only
                   from
                   Port
                   to
                   Port
                   for
                   accommodation
                   of
                   such
                   parts
                   as
                   want
                   such
                   Commodities
                   ;
                   they
                   are
                   very
                   Remiss
                   and
                   careless
                   in
                   taking
                   of
                   the
                   Sea-mens
                   discharge
                   of
                   their
                   Obligatory
                   Conditions
                   ;
                   where
                   also
                   it
                   is
                   usual
                   with
                   the
                   Sea-men
                   to
                   bring
                   fradulent
                   Certificates
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   to
                   cheat
                   the
                   Kings
                   Providence
                   ,
                   who
                   keeps
                   Servants
                   at
                   great
                   wages
                   purposely
                   to
                   prevent
                   such
                   abuses
                   ;
                   or
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   a
                   regular
                   return
                   of
                   there
                   Bonds
                   ,
                   
                   yet
                   there
                   is
                   commonly
                   a
                   fraudulency
                   in
                   giving
                   them
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Masters
                   of
                   ships
                   will
                   so
                   continue
                   their
                   designe
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   who
                   is
                   Master
                   at
                   giving
                   the
                   Bonds
                   ,
                
                 and
                 is
                 legally
                 bound
                 ,
                 shall
                 immediatly
                 pass
                 his
                 Interest
                 to
                 another
                 man
                 ,
                 who
                 taking
                 charge
                 of
                 the
                 Vessel
                 and
                 Voyage
                 ,
                 is
                 notwithstanding
                 not
                 engaged
                 in
                 the
                 Poart
                 Bond
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 ,
                 neither
                 is
                 he
                 accomptahle
                 for
                 breach
                 of
                 their
                 condition
                 ,
                 
                   again
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Port
                   bonds
                   are
                   justly
                   taken
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   justly
                   returned
                   ;
                   yet
                   to
                   prevent
                   the
                   true
                   and
                   real
                   detection
                   of
                   the
                   offender
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   dishearten
                   the
                   legal
                   prosecutor
                   ,
                   some
                   friends
                   of
                   the
                   offender
                   will
                   clap
                   an
                   information
                   against
                   him
                   ,
                   purposely
                   to
                   hinder
                   and
                   divert
                   others
                   ,
                   and
                   soon
                   after
                   will
                   let
                   the
                   Prosecution
                   fall
                   at
                   his
                   pleasure
                   ;
                   nay
                   ,
                   it
                   hath
                   been
                   said
                   ,
                   and
                   peradventure
                   not
                   unjustly
                   ,
                   that
                   such
                   preventing
                   informations
                   have
                   been
                   antidated
                   to
                   the
                   over-throw
                   of
                   the
                   regal
                   information
                   ;
                   but
                   when
                   all
                   is
                   granted
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   full
                   and
                   formal
                   hearing
                   ,
                   and
                   decree
                   passed
                   to
                   the
                   just
                   condemnation
                   of
                   the
                   offender
                   :
                   Yet
                   when
                   judgments
                   and
                   inquieries
                   are
                   granted
                   ,
                   and
                   do
                   without
                   errours
                   of
                   the
                   Clarks
                   ,
                   (
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   always
                   ,
                   )
                   impower
                   the
                   Sheriff's
                   and
                   their
                   Bayliffs
                   to
                   see
                   Execution
                   thereof
                   made
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   familiar
                   with
                   those
                   Officers
                   to
                   return
                   a
                
                 non
                 est
                 inventus
                 ,
                 
                   or
                   a
                
                 mortus
                 est
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
                   Not
                   to
                   be
                   found
                   ,
                   or
                   dead
                   ,
                   even
                   then
                   when
                   the
                   Offenders
                   and
                   the
                   Officers
                   have
                   been
                   known
                   to
                   be
                   drinking
                   together
                   ,
                   at
                   that
                   very
                   time
                   when
                   the
                
                 Writ
                 
                   should
                   have
                   been
                   executed
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                   After
                   all
                   this
                   ,
                   one
                   step
                   farther
                   will
                   shew
                   how
                   charrety
                   it self
                   abuseth
                   Justice
                   ;
                   for
                   let
                   all
                   the
                   former
                   proceedings
                   be
                   granted
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   candid
                   ,
                   and
                   clear
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Law
                   be
                   indeed
                   justly
                   and
                   legally
                   executed
                   ;
                   the
                   offender
                   in
                   custody
                   ,
                   and
                   nothing
                   remaining
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   he
                   honestly
                   discharge
                   hi
                   as
                   self
                   with
                   money
                   ,
                   seeing
                   Bail
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   admitted
                   ;
                   nevertheless
                   upon
                   a
                   lamentable
                   Petition
                   ,
                   and
                   urging
                   a
                   great
                   charge
                   of
                   Children
                   to
                   the
                   Bench
                   ,
                   the
                   Offender
                   is
                   usually
                   admitted
                   to
                   compound
                   for
                   Ten
                   in
                   the
                   Hundred
                   ,
                   or
                   less
                   ,
                   when
                   by
                   his
                   offence
                   he
                   hath
                   gained
                   a
                   Hundred
                   for
                   Ten
                   ,
                   or
                   more
                   ,
                   and
                   peradventure
                   hath
                   undone
                   a
                   hundred
                   Famelies
                   or
                   more
                   in
                   so
                   doing
                   :
                   Yet
                   all
                   this
                   while
                   the
                   honest
                   Prosecutor
                   ,
                   the
                   only
                   man
                   that
                   appears
                   for
                   the
                   good
                   of
                   his
                   Country
                   ,
                   who
                   ought
                   by
                   the
                   Law
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   full
                   benefit
                   and
                   advantage
                   of
                   the
                   Law
                
                 gratis
                 ,
                 
                   it
                   being
                   enough
                   that
                   he
                   spend
                   his
                   time
                   for
                   the
                   promotion
                   of
                   the
                   publick
                   Weal
                   ,
                   after
                   it
                   hath
                   cost
                   him
                   seral
                   
                   great
                   sums
                   of
                   money
                   ,
                   &
                   large
                   expense
                   of
                   time
                   ,
                   to
                   bring
                   the
                   Offender
                   to
                   Tryal
                   and
                   Conviction
                   ,
                   is
                   dismissed
                   with
                   little
                   or
                   no
                   satisfaction
                   ,
                   unless
                   he
                   be
                   rewarded
                   with
                   the
                   brand
                   of
                   an
                   informing
                   Knave
                   :
                   Surely
                   they
                   who
                   made
                   these
                   Lawes
                   for
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   themselves
                   and
                   their
                   own
                   Country
                   ,
                   did
                   intend
                   a
                   more
                   current
                   and
                   just
                   passage
                   towards
                   them
                   ,
                   than
                   thus
                   to
                   be
                   obstructed
                   and
                   baffeled
                   .
                   Such
                   abuses
                   as
                   these
                   made
                
                 Theodosius
                 
                   say
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   Recorded
                
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 wise
                 man
                 did
                 himself
                 injustice
                 by
                 hazarding
                 his
                 Wisdome
                 and
                 Estate
                 for
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 his
                 Nation
                 ;
                 
                   and
                   therefore
                   some
                   have
                   not
                   spared
                   to
                   urge
                   that
                   Customs
                   and
                   Impost
                   ,
                   and
                   Toles
                   and
                   Taxes
                   might
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   from
                   honest
                   laborious
                   hazardous
                   Trades
                   and
                   Adventurers
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   put
                   upon
                   litigious
                   Suits
                   at
                   Law
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   as
                   make
                   benefit
                   of
                   their
                   corrupt
                   breath
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   upon
                   such
                   Lawyers
                   as
                   abuse
                   their
                   Clyents
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   malicious
                   Clyents
                   as
                   abuse
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   a
                   just
                   innocent
                   Defendent
                   .
                   Nor
                   is
                   the
                   Loss
                   in
                   these
                   by
                   their
                   Transportation
                   all
                   the
                   injury
                   ,
                   but
                   when
                   honest
                   men
                   well
                   affected
                   to
                   the
                   good
                   of
                   their
                   Country
                   ,
                   do
                   detect
                   these
                   Caterpillers
                   of
                   the
                   Common-wealth
                   ,
                   who
                   make
                   so
                   vast
                   gain
                   ,
                   as
                   hath
                   been
                   denoted
                   upon
                   the
                   materials
                   so
                   carefully
                   prohibited
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   do
                   endeavour
                   by
                   due
                   course
                   of
                   Law
                   to
                   make
                   stoppage
                   thereof
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   offenders
                   punished
                   ;
                   so
                   many
                   are
                   the
                   evasions
                   ,
                   such
                   combinations
                   and
                   interest
                   in
                   the
                   Officers
                   ,
                   who
                   ought
                   to
                   punish
                   the
                   Offenders
                   ;
                   such
                   favour
                   have
                   they
                   in
                   Courts
                   of
                   Justice
                   ,
                   and
                   deceptions
                   in
                   the
                   Return
                   of
                   Writs
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   general
                   such
                   affronts
                   and
                   discouragements
                   as
                   the
                   dearest
                   Lover
                   of
                   his
                   Country
                   ,
                   or
                   most
                   intrusted
                   in
                   Trade
                   ,
                   dares
                   not
                   attempt
                   to
                   prevent
                   that
                   mischief
                   which
                   his
                   eyes
                   behold
                   to
                   fall
                   upon
                   his
                   Nation
                   ,
                   or
                   which
                   his
                   own
                   person
                   feels
                   to
                   pick
                   his
                   pocket
                   .
                
                 Thus
                 far
                 Mr.
                 
                   W.
                   Smith
                
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 prevent
                 all
                 these
                 inconveniences
                 ,
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 done
                 without
                 some
                 alteration
                 of
                 some
                 Laws
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 Act
                 of
                 State
                 ;
                 and
                 I
                 do
                 presume
                 his
                 Majesty
                 doth
                 already
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Parliament
                 will
                 also
                 consider
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 as
                 to
                 accept
                 of
                 any
                 helps
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 contributed
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 of
                 opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 four
                 things
                 were
                 done
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 moneths
                 such
                 an
                 alteration
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 should
                 now
                 insert
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 Incredible
                 :
                 yet
                 I
                 shall
                 hint
                 it
                 ;
                 1.
                 
                 To
                 revive
                 some
                 former
                 Act
                 made
                 in
                 Parliament
                 for
                 
                 a
                 certain
                 season
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 4th
                 .
                 of
                 Hen.
                 7.
                 and
                 revived
                 thrice
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 done
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 complaint
                 ,
                 as
                 now
                 is
                 ;
                 which
                 if
                 in
                 force
                 with
                 some
                 alteration
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 one
                 stop
                 :
                 A
                 second
                 is
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 persons
                 to
                 be
                 accomptable
                 for
                 their
                 wool
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 is
                 time
                 after
                 it
                 is
                 bought
                 to
                 be
                 wayed
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 fetched
                 away
                 out
                 of
                 those
                 Countreys
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 danger
                 is
                 for
                 to
                 get
                 acquaintance
                 for
                 those
                 persons
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 give
                 security
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 from
                 Port
                 to
                 Port
                 ,
                 then
                 being
                 the
                 same
                 danger
                 near
                 the
                 Sea.
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 for
                 Ireland
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 it
                 confin'd
                 to
                 convenient
                 Ports
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 Ireland
                 and
                 England
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 all
                 is
                 done
                 ,
                 there
                 must
                 be
                 some
                 persons
                 of
                 known
                 Integrity
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 mercenary
                 men
                 that
                 must
                 have
                 the
                 care
                 and
                 inspection
                 over
                 all
                 .
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 In
                 those
                 Countreys
                 where
                 no
                 Cloathing
                 is
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 requisite
                 for
                 a
                 Store-house
                 for
                 small
                 parcels
                 of
                 Wool
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Bond
                 given
                 that
                 none
                 be
                 sold
                 to
                 Foriners
                 which
                 is
                 of
                 so
                 eminent
                 advantage
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 by
                 some
                 said
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Dutch
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   profit
                   to
                   the
                   publick
                   ,
                
                 Millions
                 of
                 pounds
                 Sterling
                 
                   per
                   annum
                
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 instance
                 one
                 case
                 Sir
                 
                   Walter
                   Rawleigh
                
                 accounts
                 by
                 this
                 in
                 his
                 remains
                 ,
                 page
                 the
                 173
                 ,
                 and
                 174.
                 
                   that
                   in
                   one
                   year
                   and
                   half
                   was
                   drawn
                   to
                   the
                
                 Hollanders
                 ,
                 Hamburgers
                 ,
                 and
                 Embdenors
                 ,
                 
                   at
                   the
                   least
                   two
                   Millions
                   of
                   pounds
                   Sterling
                   ,
                   from
                
                 England
                 
                   for
                   Corn
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   time
                   of
                   scarcity
                   in
                
                 England
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 if
                 a
                 Bond
                 is
                 so
                 advantageous
                 for
                 such
                 Commodities
                 that
                 are
                 liable
                 to
                 he
                 much
                 impared
                 in
                 long
                 lying
                 ;
                 it
                 's
                 doubtless
                 abundantly
                 more
                 advantagous
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 stable
                 Commodity
                 as
                 wool
                 is
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 practised
                 would
                 be
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 use
                 to
                 England
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 think
                 would
                 enrich
                 England
                 more
                 than
                 I
                 will
                 now
                 stand
                 to
                 account
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 may
                 add
                 a
                 fifth
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 short
                 and
                 quick
                 Tryal
                 of
                 Offenders
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 such
                 place
                 as
                 the
                 Offender
                 may
                 have
                 least
                 oppertunity
                 for
                 Evasions
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 will
                 conclude
                 the
                 whole
                 with
                 a
                 short
                 survey
                 of
                 some
                 particular
                 Immunities
                 which
                 Cloathing
                 hath
                 conferred
                 upon
                 England
                 with
                 which
                 the
                 glory
                 of
                 it
                 extends
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 utmost
                 inhabited
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Ark
                 of
                 Gods
                 mercy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 glory
                 of
                 this
                 Land
                 is
                 like
                 to
                 depart
                 .
              
               
               
                 First
                 ,
                 the
                 reducing
                 of
                 Cloathing
                 to
                 England
                 in
                 Manufacture
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 in
                 Materials
                 (
                 which
                 must
                 a
                 thousand
                 times
                 repeat
                 Englands
                 gratitude
                 to
                 the
                 memory
                 of
                 that
                 ever
                 renowned
                 King
                 Edward
                 the
                 Third
                 )
                 hath
                 produced
                 such
                 opulent
                 and
                 magnificent
                 societies
                 of
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 whole
                 world
                 cannot
                 again
                 demonstrate
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 first
                 ,
                 the
                 Merchant
                 Adventurers
                 Company
                 ,
                 whose
                 Governours
                 ,
                 President
                 ,
                 Consults
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 chief
                 Officers
                 are
                 not
                 of
                 less
                 esteem
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 please
                 no
                 seat
                 themselves
                 ,
                 then
                 are
                 the
                 Residentiaries
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 Cordial
                 is
                 their
                 welcome
                 ,
                 as
                 each
                 mans
                 profit
                 leads
                 his
                 affection
                 beyond
                 his
                 Reverence
                 to
                 publick
                 Embassies
                 ,
                 because
                 Proximity
                 to
                 a
                 mans
                 personal
                 interest
                 sits
                 nearer
                 in
                 his
                 thoughts
                 then
                 when
                 he
                 is
                 involved
                 in
                 the
                 publick
                 concernment
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Company
                 hath
                 by
                 their
                 Policy
                 and
                 Order
                 ,
                 supplanted
                 those
                 societies
                 of
                 the
                 Hance
                 Towns
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 called
                 )
                 who
                 vending
                 an
                 inconsiderable
                 number
                 of
                 Cloaths
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 low
                 rates
                 ,
                 did
                 never
                 the
                 lesss
                 account
                 England
                 obliged
                 to
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 Markets
                 and
                 Shipping
                 :
                 Whereas
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 the
                 Merchant
                 Adventurer
                 do
                 utter
                 ten
                 times
                 as
                 many
                 Cloaths
                 Annually
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Markets
                 at
                 far
                 better
                 prices
                 ;
                 And
                 in
                 answer
                 to
                 the
                 shipping
                 which
                 England
                 had
                 in
                 those
                 times
                 from
                 those
                 Countreys
                 at
                 dear
                 entertainment
                 ,
                 this
                 Trade
                 of
                 Cloathing
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 particular
                 Company
                 of
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 have
                 furnished
                 the
                 Navy
                 Royal
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 all
                 occasions
                 with
                 such
                 strengths
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 feared
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 awed
                 the
                 greatest
                 Naval
                 Forces
                 sayling
                 upon
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 he
                 that
                 may
                 have
                 the
                 favour
                 to
                 peruse
                 their
                 Records
                 ,
                 shall
                 find
                 what
                 oppertune
                 Service
                 they
                 did
                 for
                 their
                 Country
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 Eighty-Eight
                 ,
                 and
                 since
                 upon
                 all
                 military
                 occasions
                 wherein
                 this
                 Nation
                 hath
                 been
                 embroyled
                 with
                 any
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 ,
                 the
                 East-Land
                 Company
                 hath
                 planted
                 the
                 Trade
                 of
                 Cloathing
                 all
                 about
                 the
                 Baltick
                 Seas
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 imployes
                 many
                 Warlike
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 at
                 great
                 increase
                 of
                 Marriners
                 to
                 the
                 no
                 small
                 growth
                 of
                 Englands
                 strenth
                 at
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Muscovia
                 Company
                 have
                 discovered
                 the
                 passage
                 by
                 the
                 North
                 Cape
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 great
                 Trade
                 of
                 Greenland
                 ,
                 what
                 wealth
                 occurs
                 to
                 England
                 by
                 the
                 Turky
                 and
                 East-India
                 Company
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 easie
                 to
                 be
                 numbered
                 ;
                 their
                 shipping
                 also
                 being
                 as
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 rich
                 as
                 any
                 that
                 swim
                 upon
                 the
                 Seas
                 .
                 How
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 hath
                 by
                 the
                 trade
                 of
                 Cloathing
                 only
                 engrossed
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 wealth
                 coming
                 from
                 the
                 
                   Levant
                   Seas
                
                 ;
                 And
                 how
                 the
                 other
                 of
                 them
                 hath
                 established
                 the
                 rich
                 Trades
                 of
                 Silks
                 ,
                 Spices
                 ,
                 Jewels
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 In
                 the
                 Southern
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 all
                 Admired
                 ,
                 though
                 by
                 none
                 to
                 be
                 valued
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 strength
                 of
                 shipping
                 these
                 two
                 Companyes
                 have
                 produced
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 wonderful
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 formedable
                 to
                 all
                 Nations
                 :
                 what
                 Contribution
                 the
                 Cloathing
                 Trade
                 with
                 Spain
                 and
                 France
                 hath
                 given
                 to
                 Englands
                 maritin
                 power
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 those
                 Countrys
                 themselves
                 feared
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 by
                 England
                 found
                 to
                 its
                 great
                 security
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 these
                 unvaluable
                 blessings
                 have
                 befallen
                 England
                 by
                 the
                 Trade
                 of
                 Cloathing
                 ,
                 politickly
                 and
                 providently
                 drawn
                 into
                 Societies
                 ,
                 Companyes
                 ,
                 and
                 Corporations
                 ;
                 so
                 the
                 loose
                 Transactions
                 of
                 Trade
                 in
                 other
                 for
                 the
                 Countreys
                 have
                 rendered
                 them
                 so
                 poor
                 at
                 Sea
                 ;
                 as
                 were
                 it
                 not
                 shipping
                 of
                 England
                 and
                 Holland
                 ,
                 the
                 very
                 life
                 of
                 Commerce
                 would
                 perish
                 ,
                 would
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Wilderness
                 ,
                 &
                 uselessness
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 now
                 in
                 Greenland
                 and
                 the
                 West-Indies
                 ,
                 where
                 civil
                 Government
                 hath
                 not
                 once
                 been
                 heard
                 of
                 .
              
               
                 Again
                 ,
                 If
                 comparison
                 be
                 made
                 for
                 richness
                 of
                 Trade
                 between
                 Cloathing
                 and
                 any
                 ,
                 or
                 all
                 other
                 substances
                 of
                 Merchandises
                 ,
                 whereby
                 any
                 Nation
                 ,
                 but
                 more
                 especially
                 England
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 enriched
                 ,
                 neither
                 the
                 Silks
                 nor
                 Furs
                 ,
                 nor
                 Wines
                 ,
                 nor
                 Spices
                 ,
                 nor
                 Bullion
                 it self
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 Countreys
                 can
                 render
                 that
                 account
                 of
                 its
                 own
                 ,
                 or
                 can
                 in
                 proportion
                 equalize
                 England
                 ,
                 in
                 Cloathing
                 ,
                 Food
                 ,
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 Strength
                 of
                 people
                 ,
                 and
                 wealth
                 of
                 money
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 About
                 the
                 Manufactureing
                 of
                 Wool.
                 
              
               
                 THat
                 this
                 rich
                 Treasure
                 in
                 it self
                 ,
                 of
                 far
                 more
                 worth
                 than
                 the
                 Golden
                 Mines
                 of
                 India
                 to
                 England
                 ,
                 is
                 so
                 much
                 degenerated
                 ,
                 or
                 adulterated
                 in
                 the
                 Manufactureing
                 thereof
                 by
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Manufactors
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 wanting
                 skill
                 ,
                 others
                 principles
                 of
                 honesty
                 ,
                 the
                 Laws
                 in
                 that
                 case
                 being
                 so
                 much
                 neglected
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 and
                 want
                 of
                 some
                 new
                 Laws
                 for
                 the
                 new
                 Drapers
                 ,
                 hath
                 occasioned
                 the
                 woollen
                 Manufacture
                 to
                 be
                 rendered
                 contemptible
                 both
                 at
                 home
                 and
                 abroad
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 rather
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 
                   Dutch
                   ,
                   Flemins
                
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 feared
                 in
                 time
                 the
                 French
                 also
                 )
                 do
                 by
                 care
                 and
                 industry
                 indeavour
                 to
                 excel
                 our
                 English
                 ;
                 the
                 consequence
                 is
                 to
                 loose
                 our
                 English
                 Trade
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 principally
                 by
                 a
                 liberty
                 taken
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 honest
                 and
                 conscientious
                 persons
                 come
                 to
                 dammage
                 by
                 some
                 others
                 false
                 way
                 of
                 gains
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 Mr.
                 Childes
                 third
                 head
                 in
                 that
                 of
                 Trade
                 ,
                 and
                 Interest
                 ;
                 that
                 the
                 Advantage
                 the
                 Dutch
                 have
                 of
                 us
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Native
                 Commodities
                 is
                 their
                 exactness
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 meanes
                 their
                 credit
                 is
                 so
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 taken
                 by
                 its
                 contents
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 ours
                 not
                 )
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 advantageous
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 done
                 by
                 the
                 qualifications
                 of
                 those
                 persons
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 oversight
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 intrusted
                 in
                 that
                 affair
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 done
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 but
                 generally
                 the
                 contrary
                 .
              
               
                 
                   In
                   general
                   all
                   States
                   and
                   Common-wealths
                   are
                   supported
                   by
                   two
                   providential
                   works
                
                 (
                 viz.
                 )
                 
                   Reward
                   and
                   Punishment
                   ;
                   for
                   as
                   no
                   Law
                   can
                   compel
                   men
                   to
                   be
                   corporally
                   laborious
                   ,
                   or
                   studious
                   in
                   knowledge
                   &
                   literature
                   ,
                   unless
                   rewards
                   be
                   annexed
                   to
                   all
                   such
                   compulsion
                   ;
                   so
                   no
                   providence
                   can
                   attend
                   the
                   preservation
                   of
                   profitable
                   designes
                   ,
                   
                   either
                   in
                   Learning
                   or
                   Trade
                   ,
                   unless
                   such
                   punishments
                   be
                   enjoyned
                   :
                   This
                   opinion
                   that
                   profound
                   Senator
                
                 Cicero
                 
                   alledgeth
                   from
                
                 Solon
                 ,
                 
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   seven
                   wise
                
                 Graecians
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   the
                   only
                   man
                   of
                   them
                   which
                   gave
                   Lawes
                   ;
                   and
                   this
                   is
                   the
                   weak
                   and
                   frail
                   Estate
                   of
                   men
                   and
                   Nations
                   ,
                   that
                   unless
                   they
                   be
                   as
                   well
                   encouraged
                   in
                   their
                   endeavours
                   ,
                   as
                   punished
                   in
                   their
                   misdemeanors
                   ,
                   they
                   will
                   speedily
                   become
                   Libertines
                   ,
                   and
                   ruin
                   all
                   as
                   is
                   too
                   too
                   much
                   feared
                   in
                   this
                   case
                   in
                
                 England
                 
                   at
                   this
                   day
                   ;
                   and
                   as
                   before
                   about
                   the
                   Wool
                   ,
                   so
                   the
                   working
                   for
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   hath
                   been
                   confined
                   to
                
                 England
                 
                   this
                   three
                   hundred
                   years
                   ,
                   and
                   untill
                   these
                   late
                   years
                   has
                   been
                   so
                   preserved
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   diligence
                   of
                   such
                   Officers
                   as
                   have
                   been
                   ordained
                   and
                   impowered
                   ,
                   carefully
                   to
                   see
                   the
                   Manufactures
                   kept
                   under
                   those
                   rules
                   which
                   the
                   Laws
                   have
                   provided
                   for
                   their
                   perfection
                   ;
                   and
                   seeing
                   this
                   Nation
                   is
                   by
                   God
                   peculiarised
                   in
                   these
                   two
                   blessings
                
                 (
                 viz.
                 )
                 
                   Wools
                   and
                   Manufactures
                   ,
                   and
                   through
                   the
                   vigilancy
                   of
                   its
                   Monarches
                   safe
                   guarded
                   by
                   Laws
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   native
                   Manufactures
                   might
                   not
                   be
                   undermined
                   by
                   the
                   practices
                   of
                   Foreiners
                   ;
                   their
                   ancient
                   providence
                   exacts
                   from
                   the
                   present
                   age
                   the
                   same
                   preservation
                   (
                   as
                   before
                   in
                   the
                   Wool
                   )
                   that
                   the
                   Dutch
                   do
                   not
                   undermine
                   us
                   out
                   of
                   all
                   .
                   Again
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   be
                   taught
                   by
                   their
                   diligence
                   ,
                   who
                   though
                   they
                   have
                   few
                   or
                   no
                   native
                   Commodities
                   ,
                   yet
                   are
                   rich
                   and
                   thriving
                   ;
                   (
                   and
                   we
                   who
                   have
                   all
                   ,
                   are
                   poor
                   and
                   decaying
                   at
                   least
                   the
                   Country
                   )
                   who
                   spare
                   no
                   attendance
                   in
                   overseeing
                   and
                   searching
                   the
                   true
                   makeing
                   of
                   their
                   Manufactures
                   as
                   above
                   ,
                   for
                   their
                   exactness
                   ,
                   giving
                   therefore
                   power
                   and
                   Commissions
                   to
                   persons
                   of
                   more
                   than
                   ordinary
                   worth
                   amongst
                   them
                   (
                   whom
                   they
                   call
                   cure
                   or
                   care
                   Masters
                   )
                   to
                   see
                   every
                   thing
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Law
                   ;
                   and
                   wherever
                   they
                   find
                   a
                   defect
                   ,
                   they
                   make
                   a
                   default
                   upon
                   the
                   Cloath
                   ,
                   which
                   first
                   is
                   recompensed
                   by
                   a
                   fine
                   to
                   the
                   State
                   for
                   abusing
                   the
                   Laws
                   ,
                   and
                   afterward
                   remains
                   to
                   admonish
                   the
                   buyer
                   ,
                   who
                   thereby
                   may
                   guard
                   his
                   purse
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   case
                   the
                   Cloathier
                   be
                   abused
                   by
                   any
                   of
                   his
                   Work
                   folks
                   ,
                   he
                   checks
                   his
                   dammage
                   upon
                   the
                   true
                   offender
                   in
                   his
                   wages
                   .
                   Now
                   in
                
                 England
                 
                   there
                   is
                   so
                   much
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   that
                   many
                   persons
                   take
                   liberty
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   a
                   regular
                   or
                   legal
                   course
                   followed
                   ,
                   either
                   for
                   time
                   or
                   forme
                   in
                   working
                   ;
                   there
                   is
                   not
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   Relations
                   to
                   Cloathing
                   which
                   doth
                   observe
                   such
                   an
                   exact
                   rule
                   of
                   Apprentiship
                   (
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   the
                   least
                   cause
                   that
                   the
                   Manufactures
                   of
                   Wool
                   are
                   so
                   abusively
                   and
                   deceptiously
                   made
                   in
                
                 England
                 )
                 
                   notwithstanding
                   it
                   is
                   enjoyned
                   in
                   very
                   strict
                   and
                   penal
                   
                   manner
                   by
                   the
                   Statute
                   Lawes
                   ;
                   the
                   chief
                   inconveniences
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Trade
                   so
                   general
                   in
                   use
                   ,
                   and
                   maintenance
                   of
                   even
                   numberless
                   Families
                   ,
                   doth
                   by
                   its
                   own
                   vast
                   exorbancy
                   convert
                   into
                   Corruptions
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   those
                   great
                   multitudes
                   of
                   people
                   become
                   discredited
                   ;
                   beggered
                   ,
                   and
                   finally
                   ruined
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   destruction
                   of
                   themselves
                   and
                   the
                   Nation
                   which
                   gave
                   them
                   so
                   great
                   a
                   Blessing
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Another
                   prejudice
                   and
                   not
                   the
                   least
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Nation
                   which
                   hath
                   given
                   them
                   being
                   ,
                   and
                   invested
                   them
                   with
                   such
                   materials
                   for
                   Cloathing
                   ,
                   is
                   dishonered
                   by
                   false
                   and
                   abusive
                   works
                   :
                   And
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   a
                   little
                   scandal
                   to
                   that
                   Nation
                   which
                   God
                   hath
                   perticularly
                   endowed
                   with
                   those
                   blessings
                   which
                   others
                   want
                   ,
                   when
                   its
                   people
                   shall
                   divert
                   those
                   good
                   things
                   which
                   God
                   hath
                   bestowed
                   upon
                   it
                   to
                   evil
                   and
                   deceptious
                   practises
                   ;
                   In
                   this
                   consideration
                   it
                   is
                   observable
                   (
                   by
                   some
                   )
                   how
                   little
                   comparitively
                   is
                   the
                   Drunkenness
                   of
                   those
                   Countrys
                   which
                   produce
                   Wines
                   ,
                   and
                   wherein
                   lies
                   their
                   personal
                   riches
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Nations
                   Honour
                   ,
                   though
                   their
                   other
                   sins
                   may
                   sufficicutly
                   swell
                   ,
                   their
                   ultimate
                   account
                   ;
                   yet
                   doubtless
                   it
                   strengthens
                   their
                   last
                   Apology
                   ,
                   in
                   that
                   they
                   abuse
                   not
                   that
                   endowment
                   which
                   God
                   hath
                   made
                   the
                   original
                   of
                   their
                   Being
                   and
                   Subsistance
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Another
                   consideration
                   is
                   ,
                   the
                   Cheat
                   it
                   puts
                   upon
                   all
                   the
                   world
                   ,
                   for
                   though
                   every
                   Country
                   hath
                   not
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   the
                   Manufacture
                   in
                   themselves
                   ,
                   yet
                   are
                   there
                   few
                   of
                   them
                   condemned
                   to
                   such
                   ignorance
                   as
                   not
                   to
                   discern
                   the
                   Couzenage
                   which
                   false
                   Cloathing
                   puts
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   case
                   to
                   the
                   aforesaid
                   dishoner
                   they
                   add
                   a
                   curse
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   was
                   a
                   chief
                   care
                   in
                
                 Jacobs
                 
                   practise
                   for
                   a
                   Blessing
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   turned
                   it
                   not
                   into
                   a
                   Curse
                   ;
                   how
                   much
                   more
                   is
                   this
                   of
                   consideration
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   blessing
                   comes
                   by
                   gift
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   by
                   design
                   or
                   procurement
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   And
                   further
                   ,
                   great
                   may
                   be
                   the
                   thought
                   of
                   heart
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   sins
                   of
                   false
                   Lucre
                   and
                   Covetuousness
                   (
                   which
                   is
                   Idolatry
                   )
                   are
                   in
                   full
                   pursuance
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   the
                   full
                   plenty
                   to
                   make
                   weight
                   and
                   measure
                   ,
                   yet
                   make
                   it
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   their
                   practises
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   practise
                   of
                   their
                   Art
                   ,
                   to
                   Cozen
                   both
                   the
                   wise
                   and
                   weak
                   :
                   It
                   can
                   be
                   no
                   great
                   wonder
                   ,
                   nor
                   without
                   abundance
                   of
                   presidents
                   ,
                   if
                   God
                   for
                   sins
                   of
                   such
                   wilfulness
                   remove
                   his
                   blessings
                   ,
                   (
                   with
                   which
                   this
                   Nation
                   is
                   peculiarly
                   enriched
                   and
                   dignified
                   ,
                   )
                   and
                   give
                   them
                   to
                   a
                   people
                   which
                   will
                   render
                   him
                   a
                   better
                   ,
                   more
                   just
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   profitable
                   account
                   of
                   his
                   Talent
                   ;
                   and
                   it
                   s
                   no
                   news
                   ,
                   that
                   though
                
                 England
                 
                   be
                   by
                   the
                   Almighty
                   ,
                   
                   chiefly
                   ordained
                   to
                   produce
                   the
                   Materials
                   ,
                   yet
                   the
                   Manufactures
                   be
                   given
                   to
                   a
                   people
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   render
                   him
                   a
                   better
                   Account
                   ;
                   all
                   this
                   and
                   much
                   more
                   is
                   expected
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Native
                   people
                   continue
                   to
                   abuse
                   the
                   Native
                   Commodity
                   ,
                   as
                   of
                   necessity
                   they
                   must
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   know
                   not
                   how
                   to
                   use
                   it
                   .
                   The
                   wisdome
                   of
                   our
                   Ancestors
                   hath
                   been
                   liberally
                   manifested
                   in
                   this
                   particular
                   .
                
                 First
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Manufactors
                   be
                   constantly
                   made
                   Apprentices
                   for
                   seaven
                   years
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   the
                   contrary
                   is
                   one
                   great
                   reason
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   ignorance
                   so
                   many
                   abuses
                   are
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   unremidable
                   :
                   Another
                   reason
                   ,
                   why
                   Apprentices
                   are
                   generally
                   confined
                   to
                   seaven
                   years
                   servitude
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   ,
                   that
                   professors
                   (
                   in
                   each
                   Art
                   )
                   multiply
                   not
                   beyond
                   the
                   support
                   of
                   their
                   Trade
                   ,
                   which
                   were
                   not
                   to
                   increase
                   good
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   but
                   Vagabonds
                   ,
                   which
                   douhtless
                   was
                   not
                   the
                   intention
                   of
                   King
                
                 Edward
                 the
                 3d.
                 (
                 
                   ever
                   to
                   be
                   remembered
                   by
                   an
                
                 English
                 
                   man
                   ,
                   when
                   in
                   his
                   design
                   in
                   bringing
                   Cloathing
                   to
                
                 England
                 ,
                 
                   a
                   chief
                   part
                   was
                   to
                   multiplie
                   his
                   people
                   ,
                   as
                   by
                   his
                   Native
                   and
                   Alleageant
                   Subjects
                   (
                   such
                   as
                   by
                   and
                   by
                   you
                   will
                   understand
                   )
                   he
                   might
                   securely
                   possess
                   the
                   Conquests
                   wherewith
                   God
                   had
                   blessed
                   him
                   ,
                   which
                   were
                   beyond
                   any
                   Christian
                   Prince's
                   in
                   his
                   time
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   utterly
                   against
                   reason
                   that
                   a
                   Nation
                   can
                   be
                   poor
                   ,
                   whose
                   people
                   are
                   numerous
                   ,
                   if
                   their
                   Industry
                   be
                   compelled
                   and
                   incouraged
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Idleness
                   be
                   punished
                   and
                   reformed
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   the
                   opinion
                   of
                   some
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   's
                   not
                   the
                   barrenness
                   of
                   a
                   Countrey
                   which
                   can
                   forbid
                   this
                   Maxim.
                   The
                
                 Scots
                 
                   are
                   an
                   abounding
                   and
                   numerous
                   people
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   have
                   a
                   soyle
                   which
                   to
                   a
                   Travellers
                   eye
                   ,
                   seems
                   to
                   produce
                   nothing
                   towards
                   a
                   so
                   vast
                   maintenance
                   of
                   the
                   body
                   of
                   that
                   people
                   ;
                   yet
                   are
                   they
                   in
                   all
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   world
                   a
                   warlike
                   and
                   honoured
                   Nation
                   ,
                   helpful
                   to
                   all
                   Princes
                   in
                   their
                   Wars
                   ,
                   and
                   ready
                   upon
                   occasion
                   to
                   return
                   to
                   the
                   Assistance
                   of
                   their
                   Brethren
                   ,
                   be
                   their
                   case
                   good
                   or
                   bad
                   .
                   The
                   Dutch
                   are
                   a
                   numerous
                   Nation
                   ,
                   daily
                   multiplying
                   in
                   a
                   Country
                   which
                   hath
                   in
                   comparison
                   nothing
                   of
                   its
                   own
                   growth
                   to
                   support
                   them
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   Food
                   or
                   Cloathing
                   ,
                   yet
                   they
                   want
                   nothing
                   neither
                   in
                   necessaries
                   or
                   wealth
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   are
                   industrious
                   .
                   What
                   Crick
                   of
                   the
                   Seas
                   do
                   they
                   leave
                   unvisited
                   ?
                   and
                   in
                   shipping
                   are
                   so
                   stored
                   as
                   most
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   world
                   do
                   love
                   or
                   fear
                   them
                   .
                   Now
                   a
                   great
                   increase
                   (
                   at
                   least
                   )
                   of
                   good
                   people
                   (
                   as
                   above
                   hinted
                   in
                   King
                
                 Edward
                 )
                 
                   rests
                   upon
                   the
                   regulation
                   of
                   Trade
                   ;
                   for
                   it
                   s
                   not
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   workmen
                   ,
                   but
                   number
                   of
                   good
                   workmen
                   which
                   increaseth
                   Families
                   ,
                   and
                   it's
                   Families
                   which
                   increaseth
                   and
                   spreadeth
                   good
                   
                   people
                   ;
                   the
                   other
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   knowledg
                   and
                   skill
                   ,
                   being
                   fixed
                   no
                   where
                   ,
                   because
                   their
                   labours
                   will
                   not
                   maintain
                   themselves
                   ,
                   muchless
                   Families
                   :
                   For
                   who
                   will
                   use
                   a
                   workman
                   ,
                   who
                   hath
                   neither
                   skill
                   nor
                   credit
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   can
                   imploy
                   one
                   that
                   hath
                   both
                   ?
                
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   principle
                   importance
                   therefore
                   is
                   the
                   Regulation
                   of
                   Apprentiships
                   ,
                   both
                   to
                   the
                   best
                   increase
                   of
                   people
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   the
                   honest
                   ,
                   creditable
                   ,
                   and
                   wealthy
                   Manufactures
                   of
                   Wool
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   of
                   Cloathing
                   ,
                   (
                   being
                   the
                   Antient'st
                   Manufacture
                   )
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   which
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   former
                   denoted
                   faults
                   are
                   daily
                   found
                   in
                   their
                   works
                   ,
                   but
                   good
                   work-men
                   are
                   undersold
                   and
                   ruined
                
                 (
                 as
                 formerly
                 hinted
                 )
                 
                   by
                   bad
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   whole
                   Nation
                   involved
                   in
                   great
                   dishonour
                   ,
                   as
                   after
                   you
                   will
                   hear
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Now
                   Justice
                   ,
                   which
                   all
                   men
                   cry
                   up
                   ,
                   and
                   few
                   practise
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   vertue
                   both
                   divine
                   and
                   humane
                   ;
                   Divine
                   Justice
                   is
                   either
                   from
                   God
                   to
                   man
                   ,
                   wherein
                   his
                   Providence
                   is
                   his
                   Justice
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   he
                   governeth
                   the
                   world
                   ,
                   or
                   it
                   is
                   from
                   man
                   towards
                   God
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   its
                   piety
                   ,
                   whereby
                   he
                   returns
                   to
                   God
                   prayse
                   and
                   glory
                   for
                   his
                   numberless
                   blessings
                   in
                   Republicks
                   ,
                   Cityes
                   and
                   Towns
                   ,
                   its
                   Equity
                   ,
                   the
                   fruit
                   whereof
                   is
                   Peace
                   &
                   Plenty
                   ;
                   in
                   domestick
                   relations
                   between
                   Man
                   &
                   Wife
                   ,
                   it
                   's
                   Vnity
                   and
                   Concord
                   ;
                   from
                   Servants
                   to
                   Masters
                   ,
                   good
                   Will
                   and
                   Diligence
                   ;
                   from
                   Masters
                   to
                   Servants
                   ,
                   its
                   Humanity
                   and
                   Gentleness
                   ;
                   and
                   from
                   a
                   man
                   to
                   his
                   own
                   body
                   ,
                   health
                   and
                   happiness
                   .
                   There
                   is
                   none
                   of
                   all
                   these
                   Relations
                   but
                   is
                   necessary
                   and
                   important
                   to
                   the
                   Reformations
                   in
                   the
                   abuses
                   ,
                   defaults
                   ,
                   deceptions
                   ,
                   and
                   grievances
                   committed
                   upon
                   Cloathing
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   this
                   discourse
                   have
                   in
                   some
                   measure
                   been
                   discovered
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   which
                   both
                   God
                   and
                   man
                   are
                   justly
                   provoked
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Justice
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   use
                   to
                   relieve
                   the
                   complaints
                   before
                   exhibited
                   ,
                   is
                   either
                   distributive
                   ,
                   or
                   Commutative
                   ;
                   Justice
                   distributive
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   give
                   each
                   man
                   his
                   deserts
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   honour
                   or
                   punishment
                   :
                   And
                   Commutative
                   Justice
                   ,
                   is
                   in
                   bargaining
                   ,
                   bartering
                   ,
                   exchanging
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   any
                   transactions
                   between
                   man
                   and
                   man
                   ,
                   to
                   use
                   all
                   means
                   to
                   keep
                   Promises
                   ,
                   Covenants
                   and
                   Contracts
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   a
                   man
                   to
                   behave
                   himself
                   as
                   he
                   would
                   have
                   others
                   do
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   to
                   receive
                   the
                   Innocent
                   into
                   protection
                   ,
                   to
                   repress
                   and
                   punish
                   offenders
                   ,
                   without
                   which
                   ,
                   common
                   intercourse
                   and
                   humane
                   society
                   must
                   necessarily
                   be
                   dissolved
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   preservation
                   whereof
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   read
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   Antient
                   times
                   ,
                   the
                   Fathers
                   have
                   not
                   spared
                   their
                   own
                   Sons
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 The
                 Aegyptian
                 
                   Kings
                   ,
                   to
                   whom
                   Antiquity
                   gives
                   the
                   priviledg
                   of
                   makeing
                   Laws
                   ,
                   the
                
                 Graecians
                 ,
                 and
                 Romans
                 
                   deified
                   Justice
                   ,
                   and
                   would
                   not
                   violate
                   it
                   towards
                   their
                   Enemies
                   ;
                   so
                   just
                   also
                   were
                   the
                
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   so
                   free
                   from
                   distrusting
                   each
                   other
                   ,
                   as
                   even
                   for
                   the
                   publick
                   safety
                   ,
                   they
                   used
                   neither
                   Locks
                   nor
                   Barrs
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   that
                   one
                   asking
                
                 Archidamus
                 ,
                 
                   who
                   those
                   Governours
                   were
                   ,
                   which
                   so
                   justly
                   ,
                   happily
                   ,
                   and
                   gloriously
                   governed
                   the
                   Common-wealth
                   of
                
                 Lacedemon
                 
                   he
                   answered
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   were
                   first
                   the
                   Laws
                   ,
                   &
                   afterwards
                   the
                   Magistrates
                   executing
                   those
                   Lawes
                   :
                   for
                   Law
                   is
                   the
                   rule
                   of
                   Justice
                   ,
                   and
                   Justice
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   Law
                   ,
                   which
                   indeed
                   is
                   the
                   Life
                   of
                   all
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 ready
                 way
                 to
                 rectifie
                 abuses
                 about
                 Cloathing
                 ,
                 were
                 to
                 compare
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 rules
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 provided
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 Law
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 new
                 Laws
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 wanting
                 )
                 nevertheless
                 holds
                 not
                 in
                 all
                 points
                 .
                 For
                 instance
                 ,
                 the
                 Law
                 empowers
                 the
                 Merchants
                 and
                 Drapers
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 own
                 Searchers
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 punish
                 the
                 Cloathiers
                 Purse
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 find
                 his
                 works
                 to
                 be
                 faulty
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 do
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 no
                 small
                 grief
                 of
                 the
                 Cloathier
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 Retayling-Buyer
                 is
                 not
                 hereby
                 at
                 all
                 relieved
                 ;
                 the
                 Draper
                 selling
                 to
                 him
                 these
                 faults
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 before
                 paid
                 by
                 the
                 Cloathier
                 ;
                 the
                 Merchants
                 do
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 by
                 causing
                 their
                 Cloathiers
                 to
                 bring
                 their
                 Manufactures
                 into
                 the
                 Merchants
                 private
                 Ware-Houses
                 ,
                 where
                 their
                 own
                 Servants
                 are
                 Judges
                 ,
                 who
                 upon
                 searching
                 the
                 Cloath
                 ,
                 do
                 make
                 ,
                 and
                 marke
                 faults
                 enough
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 reparable
                 abatements
                 ;
                 but
                 themselves
                 again
                 do
                 practise
                 all
                 fraudulent
                 wayes
                 they
                 can
                 to
                 barter
                 and
                 exchange
                 those
                 faults
                 away
                 ,
                 without
                 giving
                 any
                 allowance
                 for
                 them
                 .
                 I
                 speak
                 not
                 of
                 all
                 but
                 some
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 sometimes
                 they
                 be
                 detected
                 ,
                 yet
                 find
                 they
                 means
                 to
                 save
                 their
                 purses
                 ,
                 whilst
                 their
                 Nation
                 suffers
                 in
                 honour
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Laws
                 are
                 vilified
                 to
                 Foreiners
                 ,
                 who
                 stain
                 the
                 Justice
                 of
                 the
                 Nation
                 with
                 weakness
                 and
                 fraud
                 .
                 True
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Netherlands
                 ,
                 where
                 their
                 cunning
                 is
                 as
                 piercing
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 practice
                 is
                 common
                 ,
                 they
                 (
                 even
                 every
                 buyer
                 )
                 do
                 search
                 with
                 diligence
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 themselves
                 reparations
                 ,
                 first
                 to
                 the
                 Merchants
                 great
                 loss
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 course
                 to
                 the
                 Cloathiers
                 no
                 small
                 dammage
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 State
                 remains
                 much
                 dishonoured
                 by
                 the
                 scandal
                 ,
                 and
                 rob'd
                 of
                 those
                 Fines
                 which
                 the
                 Lawes
                 
                 in
                 punnishment
                 ,
                 do
                 give
                 to
                 the
                 publick
                 Revenue
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 rightly
                 and
                 legally
                 attended
                 ,
                 would
                 render
                 a
                 vast
                 gain
                 to
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 by
                 a
                 general
                 Reformation
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 in
                 finding
                 out
                 the
                 causes
                 why
                 Manufacture
                 in
                 Cloathing
                 becomes
                 so
                 abused
                 ,
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 good
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Drapers
                 and
                 Merchants
                 knowledg
                 and
                 skill
                 ;
                 yet
                 the
                 application
                 of
                 the
                 remedy
                 is
                 a
                 work
                 of
                 State
                 and
                 Policy
                 ,
                 in
                 making
                 and
                 executing
                 the
                 Laws
                 proportionable
                 to
                 the
                 grievance
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 instance
                 it
                 doth
                 not
                 hold
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 the
                 Merchants
                 and
                 Drapers
                 be
                 able
                 Searchers
                 of
                 the
                 abuses
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 competent
                 reformers
                 of
                 the
                 grievances
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 interested
                 in
                 participating
                 of
                 those
                 gaines
                 which
                 the
                 faults
                 occasion
                 and
                 intend
                 .
                 Therefore
                 it
                 is
                 requisite
                 that
                 both
                 Cloathiers
                 ,
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 and
                 Drapers
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 joyned
                 by
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 approbation
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 is
                 this
                 all
                 the
                 abuse
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 such
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 world
                 as
                 the
                 Buyers
                 are
                 not
                 in
                 ability
                 of
                 knowledg
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Dutch
                 ,
                 who
                 make
                 Cloaths
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 where
                 the
                 difference
                 in
                 Religion
                 is
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 between
                 Christians
                 and
                 Turks
                 ,
                 there
                 the
                 corrupt
                 Merchant
                 causeth
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 God
                 to
                 be
                 Blasphemed
                 :
                 for
                 when
                 those
                 people
                 ;
                 (
                 whose
                 eye
                 and
                 judgment
                 gives
                 them
                 not
                 so
                 good
                 information
                 as
                 doth
                 their
                 proof
                 and
                 wearing
                 )
                 do
                 find
                 themselves
                 cheated
                 in
                 their
                 Garments
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 conclude
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 fear
                 of
                 God
                 in
                 that
                 place
                 ,
                 nor
                 obedience
                 to
                 their
                 Rulers
                 ,
                 for
                 Conscience
                 ,
                 which
                 must
                 assuredly
                 procure
                 much
                 scandal
                 to
                 Christian
                 Religion
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 hath
                 been
                 noted
                 that
                 the
                 original
                 of
                 money
                 ,
                 was
                 from
                 sheep
                 ,
                 affirming
                 that
                 the
                 Antient
                 Signature
                 upon
                 money
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 Sheep
                 ;
                 and
                 its
                 further
                 observed
                 ,
                 that
                 Mercandizes
                 were
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 money
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 being
                 no
                 greater
                 Merchandize
                 than
                 are
                 from
                 the
                 Sheep
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 evident
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 more
                 requisite
                 towards
                 the
                 enriching
                 this
                 Nation
                 (
                 whose
                 peculiar
                 blessing
                 rests
                 in
                 Sheep
                 )
                 than
                 strictly
                 to
                 hold
                 the
                 Manufactures
                 to
                 the
                 letter
                 and
                 rule
                 provided
                 for
                 their
                 just
                 making
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Laws
                 be
                 unpartially
                 executed
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 being
                 apparent
                 that
                 this
                 Nation
                 cannot
                 be
                 rich
                 without
                 a
                 constant
                 utterance
                 of
                 Cloathing
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 that
                 be
                 done
                 without
                 a
                 perfect
                 reformation
                 in
                 the
                 particulars
                 of
                 the
                 works
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 doth
                 undeniably
                 follow
                 ,
                 that
                 Cloathing
                 must
                 be
                 purged
                 
                 from
                 its
                 Corruption
                 ,
                 or
                 England
                 must
                 be
                 poor
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 therefore
                 the
                 Manufactors
                 which
                 abuse
                 the
                 Wool
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 improvidently
                 give
                 advantage
                 to
                 the
                 Dutch
                 :
                 whereas
                 a
                 perfection
                 in
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 Cloaths
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 will
                 capacitate
                 the
                 English
                 to
                 undersel
                 the
                 Dutch.
                 
              
               
                 Now
                 for
                 a
                 true
                 Reformation
                 and
                 Regulation
                 of
                 those
                 dammages
                 that
                 have
                 befallen
                 England
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 false
                 and
                 deceptious
                 Manufacturing
                 of
                 Wools
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 bring
                 the
                 Trade
                 to
                 its
                 primitive
                 worth
                 ;
                 we
                 must
                 rightly
                 understand
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 those
                 defects
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 we
                 can
                 never
                 prescribe
                 suitable
                 remedies
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 contrary
                 ;
                 the
                 supposed
                 remedy
                 will
                 be
                 worse
                 than
                 the
                 disease
                 .
                 The
                 principle
                 or
                 grand
                 cause
                 of
                 all
                 our
                 misery
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 these
                 things
                 formerly
                 spoken
                 to
                 both
                 in
                 Transportation
                 of
                 Wool
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 bad
                 Manufacturing
                 thereof
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 that
                 division
                 in
                 Trade
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 Merchant
                 and
                 Cloathier
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 meanes
                 it
                 falls
                 out
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 consequence
                 of
                 one
                 mans
                 single
                 Act
                 ,
                 a
                 thousand
                 persons
                 may
                 be
                 undone
                 ;
                 this
                 I
                 have
                 observed
                 in
                 several
                 persons
                 in
                 this
                 Kingdome
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 know
                 no
                 way
                 so
                 profitable
                 to
                 prevent
                 (
                 at
                 least
                 some
                 of
                 that
                 mischief
                 )
                 as
                 by
                 incorporating
                 the
                 Manufactures
                 ,
                 and
                 faithfulness
                 therein
                 ;
                 as
                 witness
                 Norwich
                 ,
                 and
                 Colechester
                 ;
                 the
                 misery
                 is
                 the
                 liberty
                 ,
                 taken
                 in
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 of
                 necessity
                 a
                 Union
                 ,
                 as
                 before
                 by
                 a
                 Law
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 liberty
                 by
                 a
                 Law
                 for
                 some
                 in
                 matters
                 of
                 Conscience
                 ,
                 for
                 compulsion
                 can
                 never
                 make
                 that
                 unity
                 as
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 that
                 Relation
                 doth
                 require
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 as
                 in
                 all
                 others
                 things
                 ,
                 
                   to
                   do
                   to
                   others
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   would
                   have
                   others
                   do
                   unto
                   us
                   ,
                
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Royal
                 Law
                 of
                 Heaven
                 )
                 The
                 great
                 and
                 main
                 inducement
                 to
                 these
                 two
                 things
                 ,
                 as
                 good
                 reason
                 (
                 if
                 we
                 will
                 have
                 Trade
                 )
                 to
                 observe
                 the
                 Dutch
                 in
                 both
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 cause
                 of
                 their
                 riches
                 ,
                 (
                 having
                 nothing
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 growth
                 comparatively
                 with
                 England
                 ,
                 )
                 yet
                 are
                 a
                 Rich
                 people
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 by
                 our
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 whilst
                 we
                 are
                 disputing
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 good
                 for
                 us
                 :
                 And
                 I
                 cannot
                 pass
                 by
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 Follies
                 of
                 the
                 Indians
                 ,
                 that
                 will
                 part
                 with
                 a
                 rich
                 Treasure
                 for
                 a
                 Trifle
                 ;
                 so
                 we
                 are
                 to
                 the
                 Dutch
                 and
                 French
                 by
                 their
                 policies
                 and
                 circumventing
                 practices
                 ,
                 which
                 draw
                 from
                 us
                 ,
                 and
                 still
                 covet
                 to
                 exhaust
                 the
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Coyne
                 of
                 this
                 Kingdome
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 with
                 one
                 Commodity
                 (
                 as
                 formerly
                 the
                 Wool
                 )
                 to
                 weaken
                 us
                 ,
                 and
                 finally
                 
                 beat
                 us
                 out
                 of
                 our
                 Trades
                 in
                 other
                 Countreys
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 they
                 do
                 (
                 especially
                 the
                 Dutch
                 )
                 more
                 fully
                 obtain
                 their
                 purposes
                 by
                 their
                 convenient
                 priviledges
                 ,
                 and
                 settled
                 constitutions
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 draw
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Merchants
                 to
                 Trade
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Nations
                 to
                 inhabit
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 them
                 populous
                 :
                 and
                 there
                 they
                 make
                 Store-Houses
                 of
                 all
                 Forein
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 upon
                 every
                 occasion
                 of
                 Scarcity
                 and
                 Dearth
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 furnish
                 Foreiners
                 with
                 plenty
                 of
                 those
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 which
                 before
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 plenty
                 they
                 Engrossed
                 &
                 brought
                 home
                 from
                 the
                 same
                 places
                 ;
                 which
                 doth
                 greatly
                 augment
                 Power
                 and
                 Treasure
                 to
                 their
                 Stocks
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 Common
                 Good
                 in
                 setting
                 the
                 Poor
                 on
                 work
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 several
                 particulars
                 mentioned
                 by
                 Mr.
                 Child
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   By
                   having
                   in
                   their
                   greatest
                   Councils
                   of
                   State
                   and
                   Warr.
                   Tradeing
                   Merchants
                   that
                   have
                   lived
                   abroad
                   in
                   most
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   world
                   ,
                   who
                   have
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   Theoretical
                   knowledg
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Practical
                   Experience
                   of
                   Trade
                   ;
                   sby
                   whom
                   Laws
                   &
                   Orders
                   are
                   contrived
                   ,
                   and
                   Peace
                   with
                   Forein
                   Princes
                   projected
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   great
                   advantage
                   of
                   their
                   Trade
                   .
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   Law
                   of
                
                 Gravel-kind
                 ,
                 
                   whereby
                   all
                   their
                   Children
                   possess
                   an
                   equal
                   share
                   of
                   their
                   Fathers
                   Estates
                   after
                   their
                   Decease
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   are
                   not
                   left
                   to
                   wrastle
                   with
                   the
                   World
                   in
                   their
                   Youth
                   ,
                   with
                   inconsiderable
                   assistance
                   of
                   Fortune
                   ,
                   as
                   most
                   of
                   our
                   youngest
                   Sons
                   of
                   Gentlemen
                   in
                
                 England
                 
                   are
                   ,
                   who
                   are
                   bound
                   Apprentices
                   to
                   Merchants
                   .
                
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   exact
                   making
                   of
                   all
                   their
                   Native
                   Commodities
                   .
                
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   giving
                   great
                   encouragement
                   and
                   immunities
                   to
                   the
                   inventors
                   of
                   new
                   Manufactures
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   discoverers
                   of
                   any
                   new
                   Mysteries
                   in
                   Trade
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   shall
                   bring
                   the
                   Commodities
                   of
                   other
                   Nations
                   first
                   in
                   use
                   and
                   practice
                   amongst
                   them
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   the
                   Author
                   never
                   goes
                   without
                   his
                   due
                   reward
                   allowed
                   him
                   at
                   the
                   publick
                   charge
                   .
                
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   contriving
                   and
                   building
                   of
                   great
                   Ships
                   to
                   sayle
                   with
                   small
                   charge
                   ,
                   not
                   above
                   one
                   third
                   of
                   what
                   we
                   are
                   at
                   for
                   Ships
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   burthen
                   in
                
                 England
                 .
                 
                   And
                   compelling
                   their
                   said
                   Ships
                   (
                   being
                   of
                   small
                   force
                   )
                   to
                   sayle
                   alwayes
                   in
                   Fleets
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   in
                   all
                   time
                   of
                   danger
                   they
                   allow
                   a
                   Convoy
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   parcimonious
                   and
                   thrifty
                   living
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   so
                   extraordinary
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Merchant
                   of
                   one
                   hundred
                   thousand
                   pound
                   Estate
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   will
                   scarce
                   spend
                   so
                   much
                
                 per
                 annum
                 ,
                 
                   as
                   one
                   of
                   fifteen
                   hundred
                   pounds
                   Estate
                   in
                
                 London
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Education
                   of
                   their
                   Children
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   Daughters
                   as
                   Sons
                   ,
                   all
                   which
                   ,
                   be
                   they
                   of
                   never
                   so
                   great
                   quality
                   or
                   Estate
                   ,
                   they
                   always
                   take
                   care
                   to
                   bring
                   up
                   to
                   write
                   perfect
                   good
                   hands
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   full
                   knowledge
                   and
                   use
                   of
                   Arithmetick
                   and
                   Merchants
                   Accounts
                   .
                
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 
                   The
                   lowness
                   of
                   their
                   Customs
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   height
                   of
                   their
                   Excise
                   :
                   which
                   is
                   certainly
                   the
                   most
                   equal
                   and
                   indifferent
                   Tax
                   in
                   the
                   world
                   ,
                   and
                   least
                   prejudicial
                   to
                   any
                   people
                   ,
                   as
                   might
                   be
                   made
                   appear
                   ,
                   were
                   it
                   the
                   subject
                   of
                   this
                   discourse
                   .
                
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 
                   The
                   careful
                   providing
                   for
                   ,
                   and
                   imployment
                   of
                   their
                   poor
                   :
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   easie
                   to
                   demonstrate
                   ,
                   can
                   never
                   be
                   done
                   in
                
                 England
                 
                   comparitively
                   to
                   what
                   it
                   is
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   while
                   it
                   's
                   left
                   to
                   the
                   care
                   of
                   every
                   Parish
                   to
                   look
                   after
                   their
                   own
                   only
                   .
                
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   use
                   of
                   Banks
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   of
                   so
                   immense
                   advantage
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   ,
                   (
                   not
                   without
                   good
                   grounds
                   ,
                   )
                   have
                   estimated
                   the
                   profit
                   of
                   them
                   to
                   the
                   publick
                   ,
                   to
                   amount
                   to
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   one
                   Million
                   of
                   pounds
                   Sterling
                   ,
                
                 per
                 annum
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   toleration
                   of
                   different
                   opinions
                   in
                   matters
                   of
                   Religion
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   whereof
                   ,
                   many
                   industrious
                   people
                   of
                   other
                   Countreys
                   ,
                   that
                   dissent
                   from
                   the
                   established
                   Government
                   of
                   their
                   own
                   Churches
                   ,
                   resort
                   to
                   them
                   with
                   their
                   Families
                   and
                   Estates
                   ,
                   and
                   after
                   a
                   few
                   years
                   co-habitation
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   become
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Common
                   Interest
                   .
                
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   Law-Merchants
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   all
                   controversies
                   between
                   Merchants
                   and
                   Tradesmen
                   are
                   decided
                   in
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   dayes
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   not
                   at
                   the
                   fortieth
                   part
                   (
                   I
                   might
                   say
                   in
                   many
                   cases
                   not
                   the
                   hundreth
                   part
                   )
                   of
                   the
                   Charge
                   they
                   are
                   with
                   us
                   .
                
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Law
                   that
                   is
                   in
                   use
                   among
                   them
                   for
                   Transference
                   of
                   Bills
                   for
                   debt
                   from
                   one
                   man
                   to
                   another
                   .
                
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   keeping
                   up
                   publick
                   Registers
                   of
                   all
                   Land
                   ,
                   and
                   Houses
                   Sold
                   or
                   Mortgaged
                   ;
                   whereby
                   many
                   chargeable
                   Law-Suits
                   are
                   prevented
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   securities
                   of
                   Lands
                   and
                   Houses
                   rendered
                   indeed
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   we
                   commonly
                   call
                   them
                   Real
                   Securities
                   .
                
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 
                   The
                   lowness
                   of
                   Interest
                   of
                   money
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   peaceable
                   times
                   exceeds
                   not
                   three
                
                 per
                 cent
                 .
                 per
                 annum
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                   To
                   Conclude
                   with
                   a
                   short
                   Survey
                   of
                   those
                   things
                   in
                   General
                   ,
                   seeing
                   my
                   time
                   will
                   not
                   permit
                   to
                   enlarge
                   upon
                   ic
                   particularly
                   (
                   according
                   to
                   my
                   purpose
                   )
                   nor
                   so
                   to
                   Correct
                   the
                   former
                   Papers
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   time
                   ,
                   being
                   exposed
                   to
                   much
                   Travel
                   ,
                   I
                   must
                   humbly
                   beg
                   the
                   Reaners
                   pardon
                   for
                   some
                   Errors
                   passing
                   the
                   Press
                   in
                   my
                   absence
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 thing
                 observed
                 in
                 the
                 Dutch
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 have
                 experienc'd
                 persons
                 in
                 all
                 Councels
                 skil'd
                 ,
                 as
                 WelPractical
                 ,
                 as
                 Theoretical
                 knowledge
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 without
                 all
                 peradventure
                 of
                 such
                 advantage
                 ,
                 that
                 nothing
                 but
                 experience
                 of
                 it
                 can
                 put
                 the
                 value
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 second
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 touch
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 third
                 I
                 have
                 at
                 large
                 toeated
                 (
                 viz.
                 )
                 of
                 the
                 advantage
                 in
                 exactness
                 in
                 all
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 sufficient
                 experience
                 at
                 home
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 abroad
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Commodity
                 for
                 goodness
                 ,
                 yet
                 if
                 one
                 have
                 the
                 reputation
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 it
                 shall
                 not
                 only
                 have
                 a
                 quick
                 Market
                 ,
                 but
                 shall
                 yield
                 10
                 or
                 15
                 
                   per
                   cent
                
                 ,
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 I
                 speak
                 this
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 matter
                 of
                 Fact
                 in
                 the
                 woollen
                 Manufacture
                 in
                 my
                 own
                 knowledge
              
               
                 The
                 fourth
                 is
                 the
                 Incouragement
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 any
                 way
                 beneficial
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 contrary
                 in
                 England
                 to
                 its
                 shame
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 to
                 its
                 apparent
                 Losse
                 ;
                 hence
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 those
                 persons
                 that
                 are
                 imployed
                 in
                 publick
                 affairs
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 not
                 principles
                 of
                 honesty
                 ,
                 are
                 liable
                 to
                 those
                 temptations
                 of
                 Bribery
                 and
                 indirance
                 ,
                 being
                 beyond
                 my
                 speare
                 .
              
               
                 Time
                 permits
                 me
                 not
                 to
                 make
                 any
                 further
                 recapitulation
                 .
                 But
                 for
                 my
                 Language
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 ,
                 the
                 Ingenuous
                 peruser
                 will
                 ,
                 I
                 trust
                 ,
                 rather
                 value
                 my
                 serious
                 Intentions
                 (
                 while
                 I
                 write
                 no
                 matter
                 of
                 Controversy
                 ,
                 but
                 what
                 may
                 redound
                 to
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Advantage
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty
                 and
                 Kingdoms
                 )
                 than
                 criticize
                 upon
                 my
                 defect
                 of
                 Scholastick
                 phrase
                 ,
                 or
                 Logical
                 method
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 never
                 enriched
                 with
                 opportunities
                 of
                 education
                 thereto
                 ,
                 yet
                 have
                 so
                 much
                 of
                 a
                 Christian
                 and
                 true
                 English-man
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 wish
                 every
                 Reader
                 Happiness
                 both
                 here
                 and
                 hereafter
                 .
              
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
               ERRATA
               .
            
             
               Page
               2
               ,
               l
               ,
               15
               ,
               for
               Land
               r
               ,
               Band
               ;
               p
               ,
               5
               ,
               l
               ,
               27
               ,
               for
               is
               r
               ,
               by
               ;
               p
               ,
               10
               ,
               l
               ,
               16
               ,
               insert
               Advantage
               of
               a
               ;
               p
               ,
               14
               ,
               l
               ,
               18
               ,
               for
               you
               r
               ,
               them
               ;
               p
               ,
               19
               ,
               l.
               15.
               for
               Regal
               r
               ,
               real
               ;
               l
               ,
               28
               ,
               for
               hiasself
               himself
               ;
               p
               ,
               21
               ,
               l
               ,
               8
               ,
               for
               then
               r
               ,
               there
               ;
               l
               ,
               15
               ,
               for
               bond
               he
               given
               that
               none
               be
               sold
               to
               Foreiners
               r
               ,
               Bank
               ;
               l
               ,
               25
               ,
               for
               Bond
               r
               ,
               Bank
               ;
               p
               ,
               24
               ,
               l
               ,
               7
               ,
               for
               Drapers
               r
               ,
               Draperies
               ;
               p
               ,
               25
               ,
               l
               ,
               15
               ,
               fot
               Manufactures
               r
               ,
               Manufactors
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               Some
               Collections
               of
               Sir
               
                 Walter
                 Rawleys
              
               presented
               to
               King
               JAMES
               ,
               taken
               out
               of
               his
               Remains
               ,
               discovering
               Englands
               loss
               for
               want
               of
               due
               Improvement
               of
               its
               Native
               Commodities
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   May
                   it
                   please
                   Your
                   Most
                   Excellent
                   Majesty
                   ,
                
              
               
                 ACcording
                 to
                 my
                 duty
                 I
                 am
                 imboldned
                 to
                 put
                 your
                 Majesty
                 in
                 mind
                 ,
                 that
                 about
                 fourteen
                 or
                 fifteen
                 years
                 past
                 ,
                 I
                 presented
                 you
                 a
                 Book
                 of
                 such
                 extraordinary
                 importance
                 ,
                 for
                 honour
                 and
                 profit
                 of
                 your
                 Majesty
                 and
                 Posterity
                 ;
                 and
                 doubting
                 that
                 it
                 hath
                 been
                 laid
                 aside
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 considered
                 of
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 encouraged
                 ,
                 under
                 your
                 Majesties
                 Pardon
                 ,
                 to
                 present
                 unto
                 you
                 one
                 more
                 ,
                 consisting
                 of
                 five
                 Propositions
                 ;
                 neither
                 are
                 they
                 grounded
                 upon
                 vain
                 or
                 idle
                 grounds
                 ,
                 but
                 upon
                 the
                 fruition
                 of
                 those
                 wonderful
                 blessings
                 wherewith
                 God
                 hath
                 endued
                 your
                 Majesties
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 you
                 may
                 not
                 onely
                 enrich
                 and
                 fill
                 your
                 Coffers
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 increase
                 such
                 might
                 and
                 strength
                 as
                 shall
                 appear
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 may
                 stand
                 with
                 your
                 Majesties
                 good
                 liking
                 to
                 put
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 execution
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 true
                 and
                 right
                 form
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 doubt
                 but
                 it
                 will
                 make
                 you
                 in
                 short
                 time
                 a
                 Prince
                 of
                 such
                 Power
                 ,
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 as
                 shall
                 make
                 all
                 the
                 Princes
                 your
                 Neighbours
                 as
                 well
                 glad
                 of
                 your
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 as
                 fearful
                 to
                 offend
                 you
                 ;
                 that
                 this
                 is
                 so
                 ,
                 I
                 humbly
                 desire
                 that
                 your
                 Majesty
                 will
                 vouchsafe
                 to
                 peruse
                 this
                 advertisement
                 with
                 that
                 care
                 and
                 judgement
                 which
                 God
                 hath
                 given
                 you
                 .
              
               
                 Most
                 humbly
                 praying
                 your
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 that
                 whereas
                 I
                 presented
                 
                 these
                 five
                 Propositions
                 together
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 natures
                 joyntly
                 de●●n●ing
                 one
                 of
                 a●other
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 linked
                 together
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 distraction
                 of
                 any
                 one
                 will
                 be
                 an
                 apparent
                 maim
                 and
                 disabling
                 to
                 the
                 best
                 that
                 your
                 Majesty
                 would
                 be
                 pleased
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 separated
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 handled
                 together
                 joyntly
                 and
                 severally
                 by
                 Commissioners
                 with
                 as
                 much
                 speed
                 and
                 secrecy
                 as
                 can
                 be
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 reported
                 to
                 your
                 Majesty
                 ;
                 whereby
                 I
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 able
                 to
                 perform
                 to
                 your
                 Highness
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 promised
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 perform
                 upon
                 my
                 life
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 be
                 not
                 prevented
                 by
                 some
                 that
                 may
                 seek
                 to
                 hinder
                 the
                 honour
                 and
                 profit
                 of
                 your
                 Majesty
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 private
                 ends
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 true
                 ground-course
                 and
                 form
                 herein
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 shall
                 appear
                 how
                 other
                 Countries
                 make
                 themselves
                 Powerful
                 and
                 rich
                 in
                 all
                 kind
                 ,
                 by
                 Merchandize
                 ,
                 Manufactury
                 and
                 fulness
                 of
                 Trade
                 ,
                 having
                 no
                 commodities
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Countrey
                 growing
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 withall
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 herein
                 likewise
                 shall
                 appear
                 how
                 easie
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 draw
                 the
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Strength
                 of
                 other
                 Countreys
                 to
                 your
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 Royal
                 ,
                 rich
                 and
                 plentiful
                 means
                 God
                 hath
                 given
                 this
                 Land
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 cannot
                 be
                 denyed
                 ,
                 for
                 support
                 of
                 Traf●●ck
                 and
                 continual
                 imployment
                 of
                 your
                 people
                 ,
                 for
                 replenishing
                 of
                 your
                 Majesties
                 Coffers
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 I
                 were
                 not
                 fully
                 assured
                 to
                 improve
                 your
                 Native
                 commodities
                 ,
                 with
                 other
                 Traffick
                 ,
                 three
                 millions
                 of
                 pounds
                 more
                 yearly
                 then
                 now
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 bring
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 your
                 Majesties
                 Coffers
                 within
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 yours
                 near
                 two
                 millions
                 of
                 pounds
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 increase
                 your
                 Revenues
                 many
                 thousands
                 yearly
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 please
                 and
                 greatly
                 profit
                 your
                 people
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 undertaken
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 work
                 ;
                 all
                 which
                 will
                 grow
                 by
                 advancement
                 of
                 all
                 kind
                 of
                 Merchandizing
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 ,
                 thereby
                 to
                 bring
                 Manufactory
                 into
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 set
                 on
                 work
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 people
                 in
                 the
                 Realm
                 ,
                 as
                 other
                 Nations
                 do
                 ,
                 which
                 raise
                 their
                 greatness
                 by
                 the
                 abundance
                 of
                 your
                 Native
                 commodities
                 ,
                 whilst
                 we
                 are
                 parling
                 and
                 disputing
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 good
                 for
                 us
                 or
                 not
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 
                   May
                   it
                   please
                   Your
                   Most
                   Excellent
                   Majesty
                   ,
                
              
               
                 I
                 Have
                 diligently
                 in
                 my
                 travels
                 observed
                 how
                 the
                 Countreys
                 herein
                 mentioned
                 do
                 grow
                 Potent
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 to
                 serve
                 themselves
                 and
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 where
                 nothing
                 groweth
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 their
                 never-dried
                 Fountains
                 of
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 raise
                 their
                 Estate
                 to
                 such
                 an
                 admirable
                 height
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 even
                 a
                 wonder
                 to
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 proceedeth
                 from
                 your
                 Majesties
                 Sea
                 and
                 Lands
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 thus
                 moved
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 dive
                 into
                 the
                 depth
                 of
                 their
                 Pollicies
                 and
                 circumventing
                 practises
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 drain
                 and
                 still
                 covet
                 to
                 exhaust
                 the
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Coyn
                 of
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 with
                 our
                 own
                 Commodities
                 to
                 weaken
                 us
                 ,
                 and
                 finally
                 beat
                 us
                 quite
                 out
                 of
                 Trading
                 in
                 other
                 Countreys
                 ;
                 I
                 found
                 that
                 they
                 more
                 fully
                 obtained
                 these
                 their
                 purposes
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 convenient
                 Priviledges
                 and
                 setled
                 Constitutions
                 ,
                 than
                 England
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Law
                 and
                 superabundance
                 of
                 home
                 bred
                 Commodities
                 which
                 God
                 hath
                 vouchsafed
                 your
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land.
                 And
                 these
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 mentioned
                 in
                 this
                 Book
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 urgent
                 causes
                 that
                 provoked
                 me
                 ,
                 in
                 my
                 love
                 and
                 bounden
                 duty
                 to
                 your
                 Majesty
                 and
                 my
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 to
                 address
                 my
                 former
                 Books
                 to
                 your
                 Princely
                 hands
                 and
                 consideration
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 which
                 Priviledges
                 they
                 draw
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Merchants
                 to
                 trade
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Nations
                 to
                 inhabit
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 them
                 populous
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 they
                 make
                 Store-houses
                 of
                 all
                 Forreign
                 commodities
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 ,
                 upon
                 every
                 occasion
                 of
                 scarcity
                 and
                 dearth
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 furnish
                 Forreign
                 Countries
                 with
                 plenty
                 of
                 those
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 which
                 before
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 plenty
                 they
                 engrossed
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 home
                 from
                 the
                 same
                 places
                 ;
                 which
                 doth
                 greatly
                 augment
                 Power
                 and
                 Treasure
                 to
                 their
                 State
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 common
                 good
                 in
                 setting
                 their
                 poor
                 people
                 on
                 work
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 privilegdes
                 they
                 add
                 smallness
                 of
                 Custom
                 ,
                 and
                 liberty
                 of
                 Trade
                 ,
                 which
                 maketh
                 them
                 flourish
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Countrey
                 so
                 plentyfull
                 of
                 all
                 kind
                 of
                 Coyne
                 and
                 commodities
                 ,
                 where
                 little
                 or
                 nothing
                 groweth
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Merchants
                 so
                 flourish
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 a
                 loss
                 cometh
                 they
                 scarce
                 feell
                 it
                 ;
                 to
                 bring
                 
                 this
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 many
                 advantages
                 of
                 us
                 :
                 the
                 ones
                 by
                 their
                 fashioned
                 Ships
                 called
                 
                   Boyers
                   ,
                   Hoybatks
                   ,
                   Hoyes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 that
                 are
                 made
                 to
                 hold
                 great
                 bulk
                 of
                 Merchandize
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 sail
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 men
                 for
                 profit
                 :
                 For
                 example
                 ,
                 though
                 an
                 English
                 Ship
                 of
                 two
                 hundred
                 tun
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Holland
                 Ship
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 petty
                 States
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 burthen
                 be
                 at
                 Danske
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 place
                 beyond
                 the
                 Seas
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 serve
                 the
                 Merchant
                 better
                 cheap
                 ,
                 by
                 one
                 hundred
                 pounds
                 in
                 his
                 fraight
                 than
                 we
                 can
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 he
                 hath
                 but
                 nine
                 or
                 ten
                 Marriners
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 near
                 thirty
                 ;
                 thus
                 he
                 saveth
                 twenty
                 mens
                 meat
                 and
                 wages
                 in
                 a
                 voyage
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 their
                 Ships
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 burden
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 they
                 are
                 fraighted
                 ,
                 wheresoever
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 great
                 profit
                 ,
                 whilest
                 our
                 Ships
                 lye
                 still
                 and
                 decay
                 ,
                 or
                 go
                 to
                 Newcastle
                 for
                 Coals
                 .
              
               
                 Of
                 this
                 their
                 smallness
                 of
                 Custom
                 inwards
                 and
                 outwards
                 we
                 have
                 dayly
                 experience
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 two
                 English
                 Ships
                 ,
                 or
                 two
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 Nation
                 be
                 at
                 Burdeaux
                 ,
                 both
                 laden
                 with
                 Wine
                 of
                 three
                 hundred
                 tuns
                 a
                 piece
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 bound
                 for
                 Holland
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 petty
                 States
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 for
                 England
                 ,
                 the
                 Marchant
                 shall
                 pay
                 about
                 nine
                 hundred
                 pounds
                 custom
                 here
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 duties
                 ;
                 when
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 Holland
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 petty
                 States
                 shall
                 be
                 cleared
                 for
                 less
                 then
                 fifty
                 pounds
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 Wares
                 and
                 Merchandizes
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 which
                 draws
                 all
                 Nations
                 to
                 Traffick
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 although
                 it
                 seems
                 but
                 small
                 duties
                 which
                 they
                 receive
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 multitudes
                 of
                 all
                 kind
                 of
                 Commodities
                 and
                 Coyn
                 that
                 is
                 brought
                 there
                 by
                 themselves
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 carryed
                 out
                 by
                 themselves
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 is
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 receive
                 more
                 custome
                 and
                 duties
                 to
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 their
                 Commerce
                 in
                 one
                 year
                 ,
                 then
                 England
                 doth
                 in
                 two
                 years
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 one
                 hundreth
                 part
                 of
                 Commodities
                 are
                 not
                 spent
                 in
                 Holland
                 ,
                 but
                 vented
                 into
                 other
                 Countries
                 ,
                 which
                 maketh
                 all
                 the
                 Countrey-Merchants
                 to
                 buy
                 and
                 sell
                 ,
                 and
                 increase
                 Ships
                 and
                 Marriners
                 to
                 transport
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 My
                 travels
                 and
                 meaning
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 diminish
                 (
                 neither
                 hath
                 been
                 )
                 your
                 Majesties
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 but
                 exeeding
                 to
                 encrease
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 shall
                 appear
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 please
                 the
                 people
                 as
                 in
                 other
                 parts
                 they
                 do
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 their
                 Excises
                 ,
                 bring
                 them
                 in
                 great
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 
                 yet
                 whosoever
                 will
                 adventure
                 to
                 Burdeaux
                 but
                 for
                 six
                 tuns
                 of
                 Wine
                 shall
                 be
                 free
                 of
                 Excise
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 house
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 long
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 done
                 of
                 purpose
                 to
                 animate
                 and
                 increase
                 Merchants
                 in
                 their
                 Countrey
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 if
                 it
                 happen
                 that
                 a
                 Trade
                 be
                 s●●●ped
                 by
                 any
                 Forreign
                 Nation
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 heretofore
                 usually
                 had
                 ,
                 or
                 hear
                 of
                 any
                 good
                 Trading
                 which
                 they
                 never
                 had
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 hinder
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 seek
                 either
                 by
                 favour
                 ,
                 money
                 ,
                 or
                 force
                 ,
                 to
                 open
                 the
                 gap
                 of
                 Traffick
                 for
                 advancement
                 of
                 Trade
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 imployment
                 of
                 their
                 people
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 new
                 course
                 or
                 Trade
                 erected
                 ,
                 they
                 give
                 free
                 Custom
                 inwards
                 and
                 outwards
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 beter
                 maintenance
                 of
                 Navigation
                 ,
                 and
                 encouragement
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 to
                 that
                 business
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 they
                 and
                 others
                 glean
                 the
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Strength
                 from
                 us
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 reasons
                 following
                 procure
                 them
                 this
                 advantage
                 from
                 us
                 :
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Merchant
                   Staplers
                   ,
                   which
                   make
                   all
                   things
                   in
                   abundance
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   their
                   Store-houses
                   continually
                   replenished
                   with
                   all
                   kind
                   of
                   Commodities
                   .
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   The
                   liberty
                   of
                   free
                   Traffick
                   for
                   Strangers
                   to
                   buy
                   and
                   sell
                   in
                
                 Holland
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   other
                   Contries
                   and
                   States
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   free-born
                   ,
                   maketh
                   great
                   intercourse
                   .
                
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   The
                   small
                   duties
                   levied
                   upon
                   Merchants
                   ,
                   draws
                   all
                   Nations
                   to
                   trade
                   with
                   them
                   .
                
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   fashioned
                   Ships
                   continually
                   fraighted
                   before
                   ours
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   their
                   few
                   Marriners
                   ,
                   and
                   great
                   Bulk
                   ,
                   serving
                   the
                   Merchant
                   cheap
                   .
                
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   forwardness
                   to
                   further
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Trading
                   .
                
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   wonderful
                   imployment
                   of
                   their
                   Busses
                   for
                   Fishing
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   great
                   returns
                   they
                   make
                   .
                
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   giving
                   free
                   Custom
                   inwards
                   and
                   outwards
                   for
                   any
                   new
                   erected
                   Trade
                   ,
                   by
                   means
                   whereof
                   they
                   have
                   gotten
                   already
                   almost
                   the
                   sole
                   Trade
                   into
                   their
                   hands
                   .
                
              
               
                 All
                 Nations
                 may
                 buy
                 and
                 sell
                 freely
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 free
                 custom
                 outwards
                 twice
                 or
                 thrice
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 our
                 Merchants
                 themselves
                 do
                 make
                 their
                 sales
                 of
                 English
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 buy
                 and
                 lade
                 their
                 bulk
                 with
                 French
                 commodities
                 
                 to
                 serve
                 for
                 the
                 whole
                 year
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 Rochell
                 ,
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Brittain
                 ,
                 free
                 Custom
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 long
                 ,
                 except
                 some
                 small
                 Toll
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 great
                 Traffick
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 them
                 flourish
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Denmark
                 ,
                 to
                 encourage
                 and
                 inrich
                 the
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 increase
                 Ships
                 and
                 M●riners
                 ,
                 free
                 custom
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 long
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 except
                 one
                 moneth
                 ,
                 between
                 Bartholomew-tide
                 and
                 Michaelmass
                 ;
                 the
                 Haunce-towns
                 have
                 advantage
                 of
                 us
                 ,
                 as
                 Holland
                 and
                 other
                 petty
                 States
                 have
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 most
                 things
                 imitate
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 them
                 exceeding
                 rich
                 and
                 plentyful
                 of
                 all
                 kind
                 of
                 Commodities
                 and
                 Coyn
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 strong
                 in
                 Ships
                 and
                 Marriners
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Towns
                 have
                 near
                 one
                 thousand
                 sail
                 of
                 Ships
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Marchandizes
                 of
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   Portugal
                   ,
                   Spain
                   ,
                   Italy
                   ,
                   Turkey
                   ,
                   East
                
                 and
                 West-Indies
                 ,
                 are
                 transported
                 most
                 by
                 the
                 Hollanders
                 and
                 other
                 petty
                 States
                 into
                 the
                 East
                 and
                 North-east
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 
                   Pomerland
                   ,
                   Spruceland
                   ,
                   Poland
                   ,
                   Denmark
                   ,
                   Swedeland
                   ,
                   Leifland
                
                 and
                 Germany
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Merchandizes
                 brought
                 from
                 the
                 last
                 mentioned
                 Kingdoms
                 being
                 wonderful
                 many
                 ,
                 are
                 likewise
                 by
                 the
                 Hollanders
                 and
                 other
                 petty
                 States
                 most
                 transported
                 into
                 the
                 Southern
                 and
                 Western
                 Dominions
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 the
                 situation
                 of
                 England
                 lyeth
                 far
                 better
                 for
                 a
                 Store-house
                 to
                 serve
                 the
                 Southern
                 ,
                 East
                 ,
                 and
                 North-East
                 Regions
                 ,
                 then
                 theirs
                 doth
                 ,
                 and
                 hath
                 far
                 better
                 means
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 will
                 bend
                 our
                 course
                 for
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 No
                 sooner
                 a
                 dearth
                 of
                 Fish
                 ,
                 Wine
                 ,
                 or
                 Corn
                 here
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Merchandize
                 ,
                 but
                 forthwith
                 the
                 
                   Embdeners
                   ,
                   Hamburgers
                
                 and
                 Hollanders
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Store-house
                 ,
                 lade
                 fifty
                 or
                 one
                 hundred
                 Ships
                 or
                 more
                 ,
                 dispersing
                 themselves
                 round
                 about
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 away
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 Coyn
                 and
                 Wealth
                 for
                 little
                 commodity
                 ,
                 in
                 those
                 times
                 of
                 dearth
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 they
                 suck
                 our
                 Common-wealth
                 of
                 their
                 Riches
                 ,
                 cut
                 down
                 our
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 and
                 decay
                 our
                 Navigation
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 their
                 natural
                 Commodities
                 which
                 grow
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Countries
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Merchandizes
                 of
                 other
                 Countries
                 and
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 therefore
                 it
                 is
                 far
                 more
                 easier
                 to
                 serve
                 our selves
                 ,
                 hold
                 up
                 our
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 and
                 increase
                 our
                 Ships
                 and
                 Marriners
                 ,
                 and
                 strengthen
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 onely
                 keep
                 our
                 money
                 in
                 our
                 own
                 Realm
                 ,
                 which
                 other
                 Nations
                 
                 still
                 robb
                 us
                 of
                 ,
                 but
                 bring
                 in
                 theirs
                 who
                 carry
                 ours
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 the
                 bank
                 of
                 Coyn
                 and
                 Store-house
                 to
                 serve
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 and
                 far
                 better
                 cheap
                 then
                 they
                 ;
                 Amsterdam
                 is
                 never
                 without
                 seaven
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 quarters
                 of
                 Corn
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 plenty
                 they
                 dayly
                 vent
                 ;
                 and
                 none
                 of
                 this
                 growth
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Countrey
                 ;
                 a
                 dearth
                 in
                 
                   England
                   ,
                   France
                   ,
                   Spain
                   ,
                   Italy
                   ,
                   Portugal
                   ,
                
                 and
                 other
                 places
                 ,
                 is
                 truly
                 observed
                 to
                 inrich
                 Holland
                 seaven
                 years
                 after
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 the
                 petty
                 States
                 ;
                 for
                 example
                 ,
                 the
                 last
                 dearth
                 six
                 year
                 past
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Hamburgers
                   ,
                   Embdeners
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Hollanders
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Store-houses
                 furnished
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 
                   Southhampton
                   ,
                   Exeter
                
                 and
                 Bristol
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 year
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 carried
                 away
                 near
                 two
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 pounds
                 from
                 these
                 parts
                 ;
                 onely
                 then
                 ,
                 what
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 Coyn
                 was
                 transported
                 round
                 about
                 your
                 Kingdom
                 from
                 every
                 Port-town
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 your
                 City
                 of
                 London
                 and
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 cannot
                 be
                 esteemed
                 so
                 little
                 as
                 two
                 millions
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 decay
                 of
                 your
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 impoverishing
                 your
                 people
                 ,
                 discredit
                 to
                 the
                 Company
                 of
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 and
                 dishonour
                 to
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 that
                 any
                 Nation
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 no
                 Corn
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Countrey
                 growing
                 ,
                 should
                 serve
                 this
                 famous
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 which
                 God
                 hath
                 so
                 inabled
                 within
                 it self
                 ;
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 continual
                 Trade
                 into
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 with
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 hundred
                 Ships
                 yearly
                 ,
                 with
                 Merchandizes
                 of
                 other
                 Countries
                 and
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 and
                 store
                 them
                 up
                 in
                 Store-house
                 here
                 untill
                 the
                 prices
                 rise
                 to
                 their
                 minds
                 ;
                 and
                 we
                 trade
                 not
                 with
                 fifty
                 Ships
                 into
                 their
                 Countrey
                 in
                 a
                 year
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 said
                 number
                 are
                 about
                 this
                 Realm
                 every
                 Eastern
                 wind
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 ,
                 to
                 lade
                 Coals
                 and
                 other
                 Merchandizes
                 ,
                 unless
                 there
                 be
                 a
                 scarcity
                 ,
                 or
                 dearth
                 ,
                 or
                 high
                 prices
                 ;
                 all
                 Merchants
                 do
                 forbear
                 that
                 place
                 where
                 great
                 Impositions
                 are
                 laid
                 upon
                 the
                 Merchandize
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 places
                 slenderly
                 shipped
                 ,
                 ill
                 served
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 dear
                 rates
                 ,
                 and
                 oftentimes
                 in
                 scarcity
                 and
                 want
                 of
                 imployment
                 for
                 the
                 people
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 petty
                 States
                 finding
                 truly
                 by
                 experience
                 ,
                 that
                 small
                 duties
                 imposed
                 upon
                 Merchandize
                 ,
                 draw
                 all
                 Traffick
                 unto
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 free
                 liberty
                 for
                 Strangers
                 to
                 buy
                 and
                 sell
                 doth
                 make
                 continual
                 Mart
                 ;
                 therefore
                 what
                 Excises
                 or
                 Impositions
                 are
                 laid
                 upon
                 the
                 common
                 people
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 still
                 ease
                 ,
                 uphold
                 and
                 maintain
                 the
                 Merchants
                 by
                 all
                 possible
                 means
                 ,
                 of
                 purpose
                 to
                 
                 draw
                 the
                 wealth
                 and
                 strength
                 of
                 Christendom
                 to
                 themselves
                 ;
                 whereby
                 it
                 appeareth
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 duties
                 be
                 but
                 small
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 customs
                 for
                 going
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 coming
                 in
                 ,
                 do
                 so
                 abound
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 increase
                 their
                 Revenues
                 greatly
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 profit
                 ,
                 plenty
                 ,
                 and
                 imployment
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 to
                 serve
                 themselves
                 and
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 admirable
                 to
                 behold
                 ;
                 and
                 likewise
                 the
                 great
                 commerce
                 which
                 groweth
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 means
                 ,
                 enableth
                 the
                 common
                 people
                 to
                 bear
                 their
                 burthen
                 laid
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 they
                 grow
                 rich
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 commerce
                 and
                 trade
                 occasioned
                 by
                 their
                 convenient
                 Priviledges
                 and
                 comodious
                 Constitutions
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 was
                 an
                 intercourse
                 of
                 Traffick
                 in
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 was
                 the
                 flower
                 of
                 Commerce
                 ,
                 as
                 appeareth
                 by
                 their
                 ancient
                 records
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 sumptuous
                 buildings
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 Nations
                 trade
                 with
                 Merchandize
                 to
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 there
                 was
                 the
                 Store-house
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 places
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 set
                 a
                 great
                 custom
                 of
                 16.
                 
                   per
                   Cent.
                
                 all
                 Nations
                 left
                 trading
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 made
                 them
                 give
                 themselves
                 wholly
                 to
                 usury
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 we
                 have
                 not
                 three
                 Ships
                 go
                 there
                 in
                 a
                 year
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Florence
                 builded
                 Ligorn
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 small
                 custom
                 upon
                 Merchandize
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 them
                 great
                 and
                 pleasing
                 Priviledges
                 ,
                 which
                 hath
                 made
                 a
                 rich
                 and
                 strong
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 flourishing
                 State.
                 Furthermore
                 ,
                 touching
                 some
                 particulars
                 needful
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 of
                 ,
                 the
                 mighty
                 huge
                 fishing
                 that
                 ever
                 could
                 be
                 heard
                 of
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 is
                 upon
                 the
                 coasts
                 of
                 
                   England
                   ,
                   Scotland
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Ireland
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 great
                 Fishery
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Low-countries
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 petty
                 States
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 they
                 serve
                 themselves
                 and
                 all
                 Christendom
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 shall
                 appear
                 ,
                 in
                 four
                 Towns
                 in
                 the
                 East
                 Kingdoms
                 within
                 the
                 
                   Sound
                   ,
                   Quinsbrough
                   ,
                   Elbing
                   ,
                   Statten
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Dantzick
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 carried
                 and
                 vented
                 in
                 a
                 year
                 between
                 thirty
                 and
                 fourty
                 thousand
                 last
                 of
                 Herrings
                 sold
                 but
                 at
                 fifteen
                 or
                 sixteen
                 pounds
                 the
                 Last
                 ,
                 is
                 about
                 620000.
                 and
                 we
                 none
                 ;
                 besides
                 
                   Denmark
                   ,
                   Norway
                   ,
                   Sweden
                   ,
                   Leifland
                   ,
                   Rye
                   Nevil
                   ,
                
                 the
                 Nerve
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Port-towns
                 within
                 the
                 Sound
                 ,
                 ther●
                 is
                 carried
                 and
                 vented
                 above
                 10000.
                 
                 Last
                 of
                 Herrings
                 sold
                 at
                 fifteen
                 or
                 sixteen
                 pounds
                 the
                 last
                 ,
                 is
                 170000.
                 pounds
                 more
                 yearly
                 in
                 such
                 request
                 are
                 our
                 Herring
                 there
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 often
                 
                 times
                 sold
                 for
                 20
                 ,
                 24
                 ,
                 30
                 ,
                 and
                 36.
                 pounds
                 the
                 Last
                 ,
                 and
                 send
                 not
                 one
                 barrel
                 into
                 all
                 those
                 East-Countries
                 .
                 The
                 Hollanders
                 sent
                 into
                 Russia
                 near
                 fifteen
                 hundred
                 Last
                 of
                 Herrings
                 ,
                 sold
                 about
                 30.
                 shillings
                 the
                 barrel
                 ,
                 amounteth
                 to
                 27000.
                 pounds
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 but
                 about
                 20
                 ,
                 or
                 30.
                 
                 Lasts
                 ;
                 to
                 
                   Stoad
                   ,
                   Hambourgh
                   ,
                   Breamen
                
                 and
                 Embden
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 
                   Elve
                   ,
                   Weafer
                
                 and
                 Embs
                 ,
                 are
                 carried
                 and
                 vented
                 of
                 Fish
                 and
                 Herrings
                 about
                 6000.
                 lasts
                 ,
                 sold
                 about
                 fifteen
                 or
                 sixteen
                 pounds
                 the
                 Last
                 ,
                 is
                 100000.
                 l.
                 and
                 we
                 none
                 ;
                 
                   Cleafland
                   ,
                   Gulickland
                
                 ,
                 up
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 Rhine
                 ,
                 to
                 
                   Cullen
                   ,
                   Frankford
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Main
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 over
                 all
                 Germany
                 ,
                 is
                 carried
                 and
                 vented
                 Fish
                 and
                 Herrings
                 ,
                 near
                 12000.
                 sold
                 at
                 20.
                 pounds
                 the
                 Last
                 ,
                 is
                 44000
                 pound
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 none
                 .
              
               
                 Up
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 Maze
                 leight
                 ,
                 
                   Mastricht
                   ,
                   Vendloo
                   ,
                   Sutphen
                   ,
                   Deventer
                   ,
                   Campen
                   ,
                   Swool
                   ,
                
                 and
                 all
                 over
                 Lukeland
                 ,
                 is
                 carried
                 and
                 vented
                 7000.
                 
                 Last
                 of
                 Herrings
                 ,
                 sold
                 at
                 twenty
                 pounds
                 the
                 Last
                 ,
                 is
                 140000.
                 pounds
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 none
                 .
                 To
                 
                   Gilderland
                   ,
                   Artois
                   ,
                   Henault
                   ,
                   Brabant
                   ,
                   Flanders
                   ,
                
                 up
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 Antwerpe
                 ,
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 Arch-Dukes
                 Countreys
                 ,
                 are
                 carried
                 and
                 vented
                 between
                 eight
                 and
                 nine
                 thousand
                 lasts
                 ,
                 sold
                 at
                 18.
                 pounds
                 the
                 last
                 ,
                 is
                 171000.
                 pounds
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 none
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Hollanders
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 carried
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Herrings
                 to
                 Roan
                 onely
                 in
                 one
                 year
                 ,
                 besides
                 all
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 50000.
                 last
                 of
                 Herrings
                 ,
                 sold
                 at
                 20.
                 pound
                 the
                 last
                 ,
                 is
                 100000.
                 pounds
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 not
                 one
                 hundred
                 last
                 thither
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 sould
                 oftentimes
                 there
                 for
                 20
                 ,
                 and
                 24
                 ,
                 and
                 30.
                 pounds
                 the
                 last
                 ,
                 between
                 Christmass
                 and
                 Lent
                 ,
                 the
                 duties
                 for
                 Fish
                 and
                 Herrings
                 came
                 to
                 15000.
                 
                 Crowns
                 at
                 Roan
                 onely
                 that
                 year
                 the
                 late
                 Queen
                 deceased
                 ,
                 Sir
                 
                   Thomas
                   Parrye
                
                 was
                 Agent
                 there
                 then
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   S.
                   Savors
                
                 his
                 man
                 knows
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 ,
                 who
                 handled
                 the
                 business
                 for
                 pulling
                 down
                 the
                 Impositions
                 ;
                 then
                 what
                 great
                 sums
                 of
                 money
                 came
                 to
                 all
                 in
                 the
                 Port-towns
                 ,
                 to
                 inrich
                 the
                 French
                 Kings
                 Coffers
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Kings
                 and
                 States
                 throughout
                 Christendom
                 ,
                 to
                 inrich
                 their
                 Coffers
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 great
                 quantity
                 vented
                 to
                 the
                 Straights
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 multitude
                 spent
                 in
                 the
                 Low-Contries
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 there
                 likewise
                 sould
                 for
                 many
                 a
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 pounds
                 more
                 yearly
                 ,
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 be
                 remembred
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 stream
                 to
                 be
                 turned
                 to
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 to
                 whose
                 Sea-coasts
                 
                 God
                 onely
                 hath
                 sent
                 and
                 given
                 these
                 great
                 blessings
                 ,
                 and
                 multitude
                 of
                 riches
                 for
                 us
                 to
                 take
                 ;
                 However
                 it
                 hath
                 been
                 neglected
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 hurt
                 of
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 that
                 any
                 Nation
                 should
                 carry
                 away
                 out
                 of
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 yearly
                 great
                 masses
                 of
                 money
                 for
                 Fish
                 taken
                 in
                 our
                 Seas
                 ,
                 and
                 sold
                 again
                 by
                 them
                 to
                 us
                 ,
                 which
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 a
                 great
                 dishonour
                 to
                 our
                 Nation
                 ,
                 and
                 hindrance
                 to
                 this
                 Realm
                 ;
                 from
                 any
                 Port-Town
                 of
                 any
                 Kingdom
                 within
                 Christendom
                 ,
                 the
                 Bridgemasters
                 or
                 the
                 Wharfmasters
                 for
                 twenty
                 shillings
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 will
                 deliver
                 a
                 true
                 note
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 lasts
                 of
                 Herrings
                 brought
                 to
                 their
                 Wharf
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 prices
                 commonly
                 they
                 are
                 sould
                 at
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 number
                 brought
                 to
                 
                   Danske
                   ,
                   Cullen
                   ,
                   Rotterdam
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Enchusen
                 ,
                 is
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 will
                 cost
                 three
                 ,
                 four
                 ,
                 or
                 five
                 pounds
                 for
                 a
                 true
                 note
                 ,
                 the
                 abundance
                 of
                 Corn
                 groweth
                 in
                 the
                 East
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 great
                 Store-houses
                 for
                 grain
                 to
                 serve
                 Christendom
                 ,
                 &
                 the
                 heathen
                 Countries
                 ,
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 dearth
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Low-countries
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 upon
                 every
                 occasion
                 of
                 scarcity
                 and
                 dearth
                 they
                 do
                 inrich
                 themselves
                 seaven
                 years
                 after
                 ,
                 imploy
                 their
                 people
                 ,
                 and
                 get
                 great
                 straights
                 for
                 their
                 Ships
                 in
                 other
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 not
                 one
                 in
                 that
                 course
                 ;
                 the
                 mighty
                 Vineyards
                 and
                 store
                 of
                 Salt
                 is
                 in
                 France
                 and
                 Spain
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 great
                 Vintage
                 and
                 staple
                 of
                 Salt
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Low-countries
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 send
                 near
                 one
                 thousand
                 sail
                 of
                 Ships
                 with
                 Salt
                 and
                 Wine
                 onely
                 into
                 the
                 East
                 Kingdoms
                 yearly
                 ,
                 besides
                 other
                 places
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 not
                 one
                 in
                 that
                 course
                 ;
                 the
                 exceeding
                 Groves
                 of
                 Wood
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 East
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 huge
                 piles
                 of
                 Wainscore
                 ,
                 Clapboard
                 ,
                 Fir
                 ,
                 Deal
                 ,
                 Masts
                 ,
                 and
                 timber
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Low-Countrys
                 ,
                 where
                 none
                 grow
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 they
                 serve
                 themselves
                 and
                 other
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 with
                 those
                 commodities
                 ;
                 they
                 have
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 hundred
                 great
                 long
                 Ships
                 continually
                 using
                 that
                 Trade
                 ,
                 we
                 none
                 in
                 that
                 course
                 ;
                 the
                 Wool
                 ,
                 Cloth
                 ,
                 Lead
                 ,
                 Tin
                 ,
                 and
                 divers
                 other
                 commodities
                 are
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 our
                 Wooll
                 and
                 Cloth
                 going
                 out
                 ruffe
                 ,
                 undrest
                 and
                 undyed
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 exceeding
                 Manufactury
                 and
                 Drapery
                 in
                 the
                 Low-Countries
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 they
                 serve
                 themselves
                 and
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 advance
                 greatly
                 the
                 imployment
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 and
                 Traffick
                 abroad
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 down
                 ours
                 in
                 Forreign
                 parts
                 where
                 our
                 Merchants
                 trade
                 unto
                 ,
                 with
                 our
                 own
                 commodities
                 we
                 send
                 into
                 
                 the
                 East
                 Kingdoms
                 yearly
                 but
                 one
                 hundred
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 our
                 Trade
                 cheifly
                 dependeth
                 upon
                 three
                 towns
                 ,
                 
                   Elbing
                   ,
                   Kingsborough
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Danske
                 ,
                 for
                 making
                 our
                 sails
                 ,
                 and
                 buying
                 their
                 Commodities
                 sent
                 into
                 this
                 Realm
                 at
                 dear
                 rates
                 ,
                 which
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 bears
                 the
                 burthen
                 of
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Low-Contries
                 send
                 into
                 the
                 East
                 Kingdoms
                 yearly
                 about
                 three
                 thousand
                 Ships
                 ,
                 trading
                 into
                 every
                 City
                 and
                 Port-town
                 ,
                 taking
                 the
                 advantage
                 and
                 venting
                 their
                 Commodities
                 to
                 exceeding
                 profit
                 ,
                 and
                 buying
                 and
                 lading
                 their
                 Ships
                 with
                 plenty
                 of
                 those
                 Commodities
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 from
                 every
                 of
                 those
                 Towns
                 20.
                 
                   per
                   Cent.
                
                 better
                 cheap
                 then
                 we
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 difference
                 of
                 the
                 Coyn
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Fish
                 yields
                 ready
                 money
                 ;
                 which
                 greatly
                 advanceth
                 their
                 Traffick
                 ,
                 and
                 dacayeth
                 ours
                 ;
                 they
                 send
                 into
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   Spain
                   ,
                   Portugal
                   ,
                   Italy
                   ,
                
                 from
                 the
                 East
                 Kingdoms
                 that
                 passeth
                 through
                 the
                 Sound
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 your
                 narrow
                 Seas
                 yearly
                 of
                 the
                 East-Country
                 commodities
                 about
                 two
                 thousand
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 none
                 in
                 that
                 course
                 ;
                 they
                 Trade
                 into
                 all
                 Cities
                 and
                 Port-towns
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 cheifly
                 into
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 ;
                 they
                 Traffick
                 into
                 every
                 City
                 and
                 Port-town
                 round
                 about
                 this
                 Land
                 ,
                 with
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 hundred
                 Ships
                 yearly
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 cheifly
                 but
                 to
                 three
                 Towns
                 in
                 their
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 with
                 fourty
                 Ships
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 Low
                 Countries
                 have
                 as
                 many
                 Ships
                 and
                 Vessels
                 as
                 eleven
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 Christendom
                 have
                 ,
                 let
                 England
                 be
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 build
                 every
                 year
                 near
                 one
                 thousand
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 a
                 Timber-Tree
                 growing
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Countrey
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 also
                 all
                 their
                 home-bred
                 commodities
                 that
                 grow
                 in
                 their
                 Land
                 in
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 less
                 then
                 one
                 hundred
                 good
                 Ships
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 carry
                 them
                 away
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 handle
                 the
                 matter
                 so
                 for
                 setting
                 them
                 all
                 on
                 work
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Traffick
                 with
                 the
                 Haunce-Towns
                 exceeds
                 in
                 Shipping
                 all
                 Christendom
                 .
                 We
                 have
                 all
                 things
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 in
                 superabundance
                 ,
                 to
                 increase
                 Traffick
                 ,
                 and
                 Timber
                 to
                 build
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 Commodities
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 to
                 lade
                 about
                 one
                 thousand
                 Ships
                 and
                 Vessels
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 great
                 Fishing
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 fast
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 made
                 their
                 voyages
                 might
                 re-lade
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 year
                 after
                 year
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 long
                 to
                 continue
                 ;
                 yet
                 our
                 Ships
                 and
                 Marriners
                 decline
                 ,
                 and
                 Traffick
                 and
                 Merchants
                 dayly
                 decay
                 ,
                 the
                 main
                 bulks
                 and
                 mass
                 of
                 Herrings
                 ,
                 
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 raise
                 so
                 many
                 millions
                 yearly
                 that
                 inrich
                 other
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 Kings
                 and
                 States
                 Coffers
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 their
                 own
                 people
                 ,
                 proceedeth
                 from
                 your
                 Seas
                 and
                 Lands
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 the
                 Commodities
                 and
                 Coyn
                 they
                 bring
                 home
                 in
                 exchange
                 of
                 Fish
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 commodities
                 ,
                 are
                 so
                 huge
                 ,
                 as
                 would
                 require
                 a
                 large
                 discourse
                 apart
                 ;
                 all
                 the
                 amends
                 they
                 make
                 us
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 they
                 beat
                 us
                 out
                 of
                 Trade
                 in
                 all
                 parts
                 ,
                 with
                 our
                 own
                 commodities
                 ;
                 for
                 instance
                 ,
                 we
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 Trade
                 in
                 Russia
                 about
                 seventy
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 fourteen
                 years
                 past
                 we
                 sent
                 store
                 of
                 goodly
                 Ships
                 to
                 Trade
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 three
                 years
                 past
                 we
                 set
                 out
                 but
                 four
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 last
                 year
                 but
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 :
                 but
                 to
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 the
                 Hollanders
                 about
                 twenty
                 years
                 since
                 traded
                 there
                 with
                 two
                 Ships
                 onely
                 ,
                 yet
                 now
                 they
                 are
                 increased
                 to
                 about
                 thirty
                 or
                 fourty
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 is
                 as
                 great
                 as
                 two
                 of
                 ours
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 (
                 in
                 their
                 troubles
                 there
                 )
                 that
                 we
                 decrease
                 ,
                 they
                 increased
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Cheifest
                 commodities
                 they
                 Carry
                 with
                 them
                 thither
                 ,
                 is
                 English
                 Cloth
                 ,
                 Herrings
                 taken
                 in
                 our
                 Seas
                 ,
                 English
                 Lead
                 ,
                 and
                 Pewter
                 made
                 of
                 our
                 Tin
                 ,
                 besides
                 other
                 commodities
                 ,
                 all
                 which
                 we
                 may
                 do
                 beter
                 then
                 they
                 ;
                 and
                 although
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 cheap
                 Country
                 ,
                 the
                 Trade
                 very
                 gainful
                 ,
                 yet
                 we
                 have
                 almost
                 brought
                 it
                 to
                 nought
                 by
                 disorderly
                 trading
                 joynt-stock
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Merchants
                 banding
                 themselves
                 one
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 likewise
                 we
                 used
                 to
                 have
                 8.
                 or
                 9.
                 great
                 Ships
                 to
                 go
                 continually
                 a
                 Fishing
                 to
                 Wardhouse
                 and
                 this
                 year
                 but
                 one
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 
                   Per
                   rato
                
                 ,
                 they
                 out-go
                 us
                 in
                 all
                 kind
                 of
                 Fishing
                 and
                 Merchandizing
                 in
                 all
                 Countries
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 they
                 spare
                 no
                 cost
                 ,
                 nor
                 deny
                 no
                 Priviledges
                 that
                 may
                 incourage
                 advancement
                 of
                 Trade
                 and
                 Manufactury
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 if
                 it
                 please
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 your
                 Majesties
                 good
                 liking
                 stand
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 conceived
                 to
                 be
                 fit
                 for
                 your
                 Majesties
                 consideration
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 all
                 humbleness
                 ,
                 as
                 duty
                 bindeth
                 me
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 tender
                 unto
                 your
                 Majesty
                 for
                 the
                 unfeigned
                 zeal
                 I
                 bear
                 to
                 the
                 advancement
                 of
                 your
                 honour
                 and
                 profit
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 general
                 good
                 of
                 your
                 subjects
                 ;
                 it
                 being
                 apparent
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 three
                 Kingdoms
                 in
                 Christendom
                 can
                 compare
                 with
                 your
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 for
                 support
                 of
                 Traffick
                 ,
                 and
                 continually
                 imployment
                 of
                 your
                 people
                 within
                 themselves
                 ,
                 having
                 so
                 many
                 great
                 means
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 to
                 inrich
                 your
                 Coffers
                 ,
                 multiply
                 your
                 Navy
                 ,
                 
                 enlarge
                 your
                 Traffick
                 ,
                 make
                 your
                 Kingdoms
                 Powerfull
                 and
                 your
                 people
                 rich
                 .
              
               
                 Yet
                 ,
                 through
                 idleness
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 poor
                 ,
                 wanting
                 imployment
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 your
                 Land
                 and
                 Coast-towns
                 much
                 ruinated
                 ,
                 and
                 your
                 Kingdom
                 in
                 need
                 of
                 Coyn
                 ,
                 your
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 Traffick
                 and
                 Marriners
                 decayed
                 ,
                 which
                 your
                 Majesties
                 Neighbour
                 Princes
                 without
                 these
                 means
                 abound
                 in
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 inlarge
                 their
                 Towns
                 ,
                 increase
                 their
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 Traffick
                 ,
                 and
                 Marriners
                 ,
                 and
                 find
                 out
                 such
                 imployment
                 for
                 their
                 people
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 advantageous
                 to
                 their
                 Common-wealth
                 ,
                 onely
                 by
                 ordaining
                 commodious
                 Constitutions
                 in
                 Merchandizing
                 ,
                 and
                 fulness
                 of
                 Trade
                 in
                 Manufactury
                 .
              
               
                 God
                 hath
                 blest
                 your
                 Majesty
                 with
                 incomparable
                 benefits
                 :
                 As
                 with
                 Copper
                 ,
                 Lead
                 ,
                 Iron
                 ,
                 Tin
                 ,
                 Allum
                 ,
                 Copperas
                 ,
                 Saffron
                 ,
                 Fell
                 ,
                 and
                 divers
                 other
                 native
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 about
                 one
                 hundred
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Manufacturies
                 vendible
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 about
                 a
                 thousand
                 ,
                 as
                 shall
                 appear
                 ;
                 besides
                 Corn
                 ,
                 whereof
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 Beer
                 is
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 transported
                 by
                 Strangers
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 Wooll
                 ,
                 whereof
                 much
                 is
                 shipped
                 forth
                 unwrought
                 into
                 Cloth
                 or
                 Stuffs
                 ,
                 and
                 Cloth
                 transported
                 undrest
                 and
                 undyed
                 ,
                 which
                 doth
                 imploy
                 and
                 maintain
                 near
                 fifty
                 thousand
                 people
                 in
                 Forreign
                 parts
                 ;
                 your
                 Majesties
                 people
                 wanting
                 the
                 imployment
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 being
                 inforced
                 to
                 live
                 in
                 great
                 want
                 ,
                 and
                 seek
                 it
                 beyond
                 Seas
                 ;
                 Coals
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 imploy
                 hundreds
                 of
                 strangers
                 Ships
                 yearly
                 to
                 transport
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 whilest
                 we
                 do
                 not
                 imploy
                 twenty
                 Ships
                 in
                 that
                 course
                 .
                 Iron
                 Ordnance
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 Jewel
                 of
                 great
                 value
                 ,
                 far
                 more
                 then
                 it
                 is
                 accounted
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 no
                 other
                 Countrey
                 could
                 ever
                 attain
                 unto
                 it
                 ,
                 although
                 they
                 have
                 assayed
                 with
                 great
                 charge
                 ;
                 your
                 Majesty
                 hath
                 Timber
                 of
                 your
                 own
                 for
                 building
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 Commodities
                 plenty
                 to
                 lade
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 Commodities
                 other
                 Nations
                 want
                 ;
                 yet
                 your
                 Majesties
                 people
                 decline
                 in
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 Traffick
                 ,
                 and
                 Mariners
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Inconveniences
                 happen
                 by
                 three
                 causes
                 especially
                 ;
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   The
                   unprofitable
                   course
                   of
                   Merchandizing
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   The
                   want
                   of
                   course
                   of
                   full
                   Manufactury
                   of
                   our
                   Home-bred
                   Commodities
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   The
                   undervaluing
                   of
                   our
                   Coyns
                   ,
                   contrary
                   to
                   the
                   Rules
                   of
                   other
                   Nations
                   .
                
              
               
                 For
                 instance
                 ;
                 The
                 Merchant
                 Adventurers
                 by
                 over-trading
                 upon
                 Credit
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 money
                 taken
                 up
                 upon
                 Exchange
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 lose
                 usually
                 ten
                 or
                 twelve
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 fifteen
                 or
                 sixteen
                 
                   per
                   Cent.
                
                 are
                 enforced
                 to
                 make
                 sale
                 of
                 their
                 Cloths
                 at
                 under-rates
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 their
                 Credit
                 ,
                 whereby
                 Cloths
                 being
                 the
                 Jewel
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 is
                 undervalued
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Merchant
                 in
                 short
                 time
                 eaten
                 out
                 .
                 The
                 Merchants
                 of
                 Ipswich
                 ,
                 whose
                 trade
                 for
                 Elbing
                 is
                 chiefly
                 with
                 fine
                 Cloths
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 few
                 sorting
                 Cloths
                 ,
                 all
                 dyed
                 and
                 dress'd
                 within
                 our
                 Land
                 ,
                 do
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 buy
                 their
                 fine
                 Cloths
                 upon
                 time
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 reason
                 they
                 go
                 so
                 much
                 upon
                 Credit
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 enforced
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 stand
                 upon
                 their
                 Markets
                 ,
                 to
                 sell
                 ,
                 giving
                 15
                 or
                 18
                 months
                 day
                 of
                 payment
                 for
                 their
                 Cloths
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 sold
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 then
                 presently
                 sell
                 their
                 Bills
                 so
                 taken
                 for
                 Cloth
                 ,
                 allowing
                 after
                 the
                 rate
                 of
                 fourteen
                 or
                 fifteen
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 twenty
                 
                   per
                   Cent.
                
                 which
                 money
                 they
                 imploy
                 forthwith
                 in
                 Wares
                 at
                 excessive
                 prices
                 ,
                 and
                 lose
                 as
                 much
                 more
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 time
                 their
                 Wares
                 be
                 sold
                 at
                 home
                 :
                 Thus
                 by
                 over-running
                 themselves
                 upon
                 Credit
                 ,
                 they
                 disable
                 themselves
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 enhancing
                 the
                 prices
                 of
                 Foreign
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 and
                 pulling
                 down
                 the
                 rates
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 .
                 The
                 West-Country
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 that
                 trade
                 with
                 Cloths
                 into
                 France
                 or
                 Spain
                 ,
                 do
                 usually
                 imploy
                 their
                 Servants
                 ,
                 young
                 men
                 of
                 small
                 experience
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 by
                 cunning
                 combining
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 and
                 Spanish
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 are
                 so
                 entrapped
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 all
                 Custom
                 and
                 Charges
                 be
                 accompted
                 ,
                 their
                 Masters
                 shall
                 hardly
                 receive
                 their
                 principal
                 Moneys
                 :
                 As
                 for
                 returns
                 out
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 their
                 Silver
                 and
                 Gold
                 is
                 so
                 highly
                 rated
                 ,
                 that
                 our
                 Merchants
                 cannot
                 bring
                 it
                 home
                 but
                 to
                 great
                 loss
                 ;
                 therefore
                 the
                 French
                 Merchants
                 set
                 higher
                 rates
                 upon
                 their
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 must
                 buy
                 dear
                 ,
                 or
                 let
                 our
                 moneys
                 lye
                 dead
                 there
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 untill
                 we
                 may
                 conveniently
                 imploy
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 The
                 Northern
                 Merchants
                 of
                 
                   York
                   ,
                   Hull
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Newcastle
                 ,
                 trade
                 only
                 in
                 white
                 Kerzies
                 ,
                 and
                 coloured
                 Dozzens
                 ;
                 and
                 every
                 Merchant
                 ,
                 be
                 his
                 Adventure
                 never
                 so
                 small
                 ,
                 doth
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 send
                 over
                 an
                 unexperienced
                 youth
                 ,
                 unfit
                 for
                 Merchandizing
                 ,
                 which
                 bringeth
                 
                 to
                 the
                 Stranger
                 great
                 advantage
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 his
                 Master
                 and
                 Commonwealth
                 great
                 hindrance
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 ,
                 before
                 their
                 Goods
                 be
                 landed
                 ,
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 Stranger
                 and
                 buy
                 such
                 quantities
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 Flax
                 ,
                 Corn
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 bound
                 to
                 lade
                 their
                 Ships
                 withall
                 ,
                 which
                 Ships
                 they
                 engage
                 themselves
                 to
                 relade
                 within
                 three
                 weeks
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 month
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 give
                 the
                 price
                 the
                 Merchant
                 Stranger
                 asketh
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 gives
                 them
                 Credit
                 ,
                 and
                 lets
                 them
                 Ship
                 away
                 their
                 Iron
                 ,
                 Flax
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 have
                 sold
                 their
                 Kerzies
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 extraordinary
                 dear
                 Commodities
                 are
                 returned
                 into
                 this
                 Realm
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Servants
                 also
                 enforced
                 to
                 sell
                 his
                 Cloths
                 under-foot
                 ,
                 and
                 oftentimes
                 to
                 loss
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 his
                 Credit
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 payment
                 for
                 the
                 Goods
                 before
                 Shipped
                 home
                 ,
                 having
                 some
                 twenty
                 dayes
                 or
                 a
                 months
                 respite
                 to
                 sell
                 the
                 Cloths
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 Merchant
                 satisfaction
                 for
                 his
                 Iron
                 ,
                 Flax
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Wares
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 extremities
                 our
                 Home-bred
                 Commodities
                 are
                 abased
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Touching
                   Fishing
                   .
                
                 
                   THE
                   great
                   Sea-business
                   of
                   Fishing
                   ,
                   doth
                   imploy
                   near
                   twenty
                   thousand
                   Ships
                   and
                   Vessels
                   ,
                   and
                   four
                   hundred
                   thousand
                   people
                   are
                   imployed
                   yearly
                   upon
                   your
                   Coast
                   of
                   
                     England
                     ,
                     Scotland
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Ireland
                   ,
                   with
                   sixty
                   Ships
                   of
                   War
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   prove
                   dangerous
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Hollanders
                   only
                   have
                   about
                   three
                   thousand
                   Ships
                   to
                   Fish
                   withall
                   ,
                   and
                   fifty
                   thousand
                   people
                   are
                   imployed
                   yearly
                   by
                   them
                   upon
                   your
                   Majesties
                   Coasts
                   of
                   
                     England
                     ,
                     Scotland
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Ireland
                   .
                
                 
                   These
                   three
                   thousand
                   Fishing
                   Ships
                   and
                   Vessels
                   of
                   the
                   Hollanders
                   ,
                   do
                   imploy
                   near
                   nine
                   thousand
                   other
                   Ships
                   and
                   Vessels
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   hundred
                   and
                   fifty
                   thousand
                   persons
                   more
                   by
                   Sea
                   and
                   Land
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   provision
                   to
                   dress
                   and
                   transport
                   the
                   Fish
                   they
                   take
                   ,
                   and
                   return
                   Commodities
                   ,
                   whereby
                   they
                   are
                   enabled
                   ,
                   and
                   do
                   build
                   yearly
                   one
                   thousand
                   Ships
                   and
                   Vessels
                   ,
                   having
                   not
                   one
                   Timber
                   Tree
                   growing
                   in
                   their
                   own
                   Country
                   ,
                   nor
                   Home-bred
                   Commodities
                   to
                   lade
                   one
                   hundred
                   Ships
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   they
                   have
                   twenty
                   thousand
                   Ships
                   and
                   Vessels
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   imployed
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   King
                   Henry
                   the
                   seventh
                   ,
                   desirous
                   to
                   make
                   his
                   Kingdoms
                   powerfull
                   and
                   rich
                   ,
                   by
                   encrease
                   of
                   Ships
                   and
                   Mariners
                   ,
                   and
                   imployment
                   of
                   his
                   people
                   ,
                   sent
                   unto
                   his
                   Sea-Coast
                   Towns
                   ,
                   moving
                   them
                   to
                   set
                   up
                   the
                   great
                   and
                   rich
                   Fishing
                   ,
                   with
                   promise
                   to
                   give
                   them
                   needfull
                   Priviledges
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   furnish
                   them
                   with
                   Loans
                   of
                   money
                   ,
                   if
                   need
                   were
                   ,
                   to
                   encourage
                   them
                   ;
                   yet
                   his
                   people
                   were
                   slack
                   .
                   Now
                   since
                   I
                   have
                   traced
                   this
                   business
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   mine
                   endeavours
                   known
                   unto
                   your
                   Majesty
                   ,
                   your
                   Noblemen
                   ,
                   able
                   Merchants
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   ,
                   (
                   who
                   having
                   set
                   down
                   under
                   their
                   hands
                   for
                   more
                   assurance
                   )
                   promised
                   to
                   disburse
                   large
                   sums
                   of
                   money
                   for
                   the
                   building
                   up
                   of
                   this
                   great
                   and
                   rich
                   large
                   Sea-City
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   encrease
                   more
                   strength
                   to
                   your
                   Land
                   ,
                   give
                   more
                   comfort
                   ,
                   and
                   do
                   more
                   good
                   to
                   all
                   your
                   Cities
                   and
                   Towns
                   ,
                   than
                   all
                   the
                   Companies
                   of
                   your
                   Kingdom
                   ,
                   having
                   fit
                   and
                   needfull
                   Priviledges
                   for
                   the
                   upholding
                   and
                   strengthening
                   of
                   so
                   weighty
                   and
                   needfull
                   a
                   business
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   example
                   ;
                   twenty
                   Busses
                   built
                   and
                   put
                   into
                   a
                   Sea-Coast
                   Town
                   ,
                   where
                   there
                   is
                   not
                   one
                   Ship
                   before
                   ,
                   there
                   must
                   be
                   to
                   carry
                   ,
                   re-carry
                   ,
                   transport
                   and
                   make
                   provision
                   for
                   one
                   Busse
                   ,
                   three
                   Ships
                   ;
                   likewise
                   every
                   Ships
                   setting
                   on
                   work
                   thirty
                   several
                   Trades
                   and
                   Occupations
                   ,
                   and
                   four
                   hundred
                   thousand
                   persons
                   by
                   Sea
                   and
                   Land
                   ,
                   in
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   three
                   hundred
                   persons
                   are
                   not
                   able
                   to
                   make
                   one
                   Fleet
                   of
                   Nets
                   in
                   four
                   months
                   for
                   one
                   Busse
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   no
                   small
                   imployment
                   .
                
                 
                   Thus
                   by
                   twenty
                   Busses
                   are
                   set
                   on
                   work
                   near
                   eight
                   thousand
                   persons
                   by
                   Sea
                   and
                   Land
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   encrease
                   of
                   above
                   one
                   thousand
                   Mariners
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Fleet
                   of
                   eighty
                   sail
                   of
                   Ships
                   to
                   belong
                   to
                   one
                   Town
                   ,
                   where
                   none
                   were
                   before
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   the
                   wealth
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   to
                   enrich
                   and
                   strengthen
                   the
                   Land
                   ,
                   only
                   by
                   raising
                   of
                   twenty
                   Busses
                   .
                
                 
                   Then
                   what
                   good
                   one
                   thousand
                   or
                   two
                   thousand
                   will
                   do
                   ,
                   I
                   leave
                   to
                   your
                   Majesties
                   consideration
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   worthy
                   to
                   be
                   noted
                   ,
                   how
                   necessary
                   Fishermen
                   are
                   to
                   the
                   Commonwealth
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   needfull
                   to
                   be
                   advanced
                   and
                   cherished
                   ;
                   
                     (
                     Viz.
                  
                   )
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   
                     For
                     taking
                     Gods
                     blessing
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     Sea
                     ,
                     to
                     enrich
                     the
                     Realm
                     ,
                     which
                     otherwise
                     we
                     lose
                     .
                  
                
                 
                 
                   2.
                   
                   
                     For
                     setting
                     the
                     people
                     on
                     Work.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   
                     For
                     making
                     plenty
                     and
                     cheapness
                     in
                     the
                     Realm
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   
                     For
                     encreasing
                     of
                     Shipping
                     to
                     make
                     the
                     Land
                     powerfull
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   
                     For
                     a
                     continual
                     Nursery
                     for
                     breeding
                     and
                     encreasing
                     our
                     Mariners
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   6.
                   
                   
                     For
                     making
                     imployment
                     of
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     people
                     ,
                     and
                     blind
                     ,
                     lame
                     ,
                     and
                     others
                     by
                     Sea
                     and
                     Land
                     ,
                     from
                     ten
                     and
                     twelve
                     years
                     ,
                     and
                     upwards
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   7.
                   
                   
                     For
                     enriching
                     your
                     Majesties
                     Coffers
                     ,
                     for
                     Merchandizes
                     returned
                     from
                     other
                     Countreys
                     for
                     Fish
                     and
                     Herrings
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   8.
                   
                   
                     For
                     the
                     encrease
                     and
                     enabling
                     of
                     Merchants
                     ,
                     which
                     now
                     droop
                     and
                     daily
                     decay
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   Touching
                   the
                   Coyn.
                   
                
                 
                   FOr
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   all
                   Monarchies
                   and
                   Free-States
                   ,
                   both
                   Heathen
                   and
                   Christian
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Turkey
                     ,
                     Barbary
                     ,
                     France
                     ,
                     Poland
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   others
                   ,
                   do
                   hold
                   for
                   a
                   Rule
                   of
                   never-failing
                   profit
                   ,
                   to
                   keep
                   their
                   Coyn
                   at
                   higher
                   rates
                   within
                   their
                   own
                   Territories
                   ,
                   than
                   it
                   is
                   in
                   other
                   Kingdoms
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   causes
                   :
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   
                     To
                     preserve
                     the
                     Coyn
                     within
                     their
                     own
                     Territories
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   
                     To
                     bring
                     unto
                     themselves
                     the
                     Coyn
                     of
                     Foreign
                     Princes
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   
                     To
                     enforce
                     Merchant-Strangers
                     to
                     take
                     their
                     Commodities
                     at
                     high
                     rates
                     ,
                     which
                     this
                     Kingdom
                     bears
                     the
                     burthen
                     of
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   For
                   instance
                   ;
                   The
                   King
                   of
                   Barbary
                   perceiving
                   the
                   Trade
                   of
                   Christian
                   Merchants
                   to
                   encrease
                   in
                   this
                   Kingdom
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   returns
                   out
                   of
                   his
                   Kingdoms
                   were
                   most
                   in
                   Gold
                   ,
                   whereby
                   it
                   was
                   much
                   enhanced
                   ,
                   raised
                   his
                   Ducket
                   (
                   being
                   then
                   currant
                   for
                   three
                   Ounces
                   )
                   to
                   four
                   ,
                   five
                   ,
                   and
                   six
                   Ounces
                   ;
                   nevertheless
                   it
                   was
                   no
                   more
                   worth
                   in
                   England
                   ,
                   being
                   so
                   raised
                   ,
                   then
                   when
                   it
                   went
                   for
                   three
                   Ounces
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Ducket
                   currant
                   for
                   three
                   Ounces
                   in
                   Barbary
                   ,
                   was
                   then
                   worth
                   in
                   England
                   seven
                   shillings
                   and
                   six
                   pence
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   more
                   worth
                   ,
                   being
                   raised
                   to
                   six
                   Ounces
                   ;
                   since
                   which
                   (
                   time
                   adding
                   to
                   it
                   a
                   small
                   piece
                   of
                   Gold
                   )
                   he
                   hath
                   raised
                   it
                   to
                   eight
                   ,
                   and
                   lastly
                   to
                   ten
                   Ounces
                   ,
                   yet
                   at
                   this
                   day
                   it
                   is
                   worth
                   but
                   ten
                   shillings
                   
                   and
                   one
                   penny
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   your
                   Majesties
                   fate
                   raising
                   of
                   your
                   Gold.
                   
                
                 
                   Having
                   thus
                   raised
                   his
                   Gold
                   ,
                   he
                   then
                   devised
                   to
                   have
                   plenty
                   of
                   Silver
                   brought
                   into
                   his
                   Kingdom
                   ,
                   raised
                   the
                   Royal
                   of
                   Eight
                   ,
                   being
                   but
                   two
                   Ounces
                   ,
                   to
                   three
                   and
                   three-pence
                   half-penny
                   ,
                   which
                   caused
                   great
                   plenty
                   of
                   Silver
                   to
                   be
                   brought
                   in
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   continue
                   in
                   his
                   Kingdom
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   FRANCE
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     English
                     Jacobus
                  
                   goeth
                   for
                   three
                   and
                   twenty
                   shillings
                   in
                   Merchandizing
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   French
                   Crown
                   for
                   seven
                   shillings
                   and
                   six
                   pence
                   .
                
                 
                   Also
                   the
                   King
                   hath
                   raised
                   his
                   Silver
                   four
                   Sowce
                   in
                   the
                   Crown
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   NORTH-HOLLAND
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   double
                   Jacobus
                   goeth
                   for
                   three
                   and
                   twenty
                   shillings
                   sterling
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   English
                   Shillings
                   is
                   there
                   eleven
                   Stivers
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   two
                   shillings
                   over
                   in
                   the
                   pound
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   POLAND
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   King
                   of
                   Poland
                   raiseth
                   his
                   Hungary
                   Ducket
                   from
                   56.
                   to
                   77
                   and
                   ½
                   Polish
                   groshes
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Rix-Doller
                   from
                   36.
                   to
                   47
                   and
                   ½
                   groshes
                   ;
                   the
                   Rix-Doller
                   worth
                   in
                   Poland
                   47
                   and
                   ½
                   groshes
                   ,
                   is
                   by
                   account
                   valued
                   at
                   6
                   s.
                   4
                   d.
                   sterling
                   ,
                   and
                   here
                   in
                   England
                   is
                   worth
                   but
                   4
                   s.
                   7
                   d.
                   The
                   Hungary
                   Ducket
                   77.
                   is
                   worth
                   by
                   account
                   in
                   Poland
                   10
                   s.
                   4
                   d.
                   and
                   in
                   England
                   is
                   worth
                   but
                   7
                   s.
                   10
                   d.
                   The
                   Jacobus
                   of
                   England
                   here
                   currant
                   for
                   22
                   s.
                   in
                   Poland
                   24
                   s.
                   at
                   the
                   rate
                   of
                   7
                   s.
                   to
                   10
                   d.
                   for
                   the
                   Hungary
                   Ducket
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   to
                   turn
                   the
                   stream
                   and
                   riches
                   raised
                   by
                   your
                   Majesties
                   Native
                   Commodities
                   ,
                   into
                   the
                   natural
                   Channel
                   from
                   whence
                   it
                   hath
                   been
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   diverted
                   ,
                   may
                   it
                   please
                   your
                   Majesty
                   to
                   consider
                   these
                   Points
                   following
                   :
                
                 
                 
                   1.
                   
                   
                     Whether
                     it
                     be
                     not
                     fit
                     that
                     a
                     State-Merchant
                     be
                     settled
                     within
                     your
                     Dominions
                     ,
                     which
                     may
                     both
                     dispose
                     more
                     profitably
                     of
                     the
                     Riches
                     thereof
                     ,
                     and
                     encounter
                     Policies
                     of
                     Merchant-Strangers
                     ,
                     who
                     now
                     go
                     beyond
                     us
                     in
                     all
                     kind
                     of
                     profitable
                     Merchandizing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   
                     Whether
                     it
                     be
                     not
                     necessary
                     that
                     your
                     Native
                     Commodities
                     should
                     receive
                     their
                     full
                     Manufactury
                     by
                     your
                     Subjects
                     within
                     your
                     Dominions
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   
                     Whether
                     it
                     be
                     not
                     fit
                     the
                     Coals
                     should
                     yield
                     your
                     Majesty
                     and
                     Subjects
                     a
                     better
                     value
                     ,
                     by
                     permitting
                     them
                     to
                     pass
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     Land
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     they
                     be
                     in
                     your
                     Subjects
                     Shipping
                     only
                     transported
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   
                     Whether
                     it
                     be
                     not
                     fit
                     your
                     Majesty
                     presently
                     raise
                     your
                     Coyn
                     to
                     as
                     high
                     rates
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     is
                     in
                     the
                     parts
                     beyond
                     the
                     Seas
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   
                     Whether
                     it
                     be
                     not
                     necessary
                     that
                     the
                     great
                     Sea-business
                     of
                     Fishing
                     ,
                     be
                     forthwith
                     set
                     forward
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   If
                   it
                   please
                   your
                   Majesty
                   to
                   approve
                   of
                   these
                   Considerations
                   ,
                   and
                   accordingly
                   to
                   put
                   them
                   in
                   a
                   right
                   course
                   of
                   execution
                   ,
                   I
                   assure
                   my self
                   (
                   by
                   Gods
                   help
                   )
                   in
                   short
                   time
                   your
                   Majesties
                   Customs
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   continual
                   coming
                   into
                   your
                   Coffers
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   exceedingly
                   encreased
                   ,
                   your
                   Ships
                   and
                   Mariners
                   trebbled
                   ,
                   your
                   Land
                   and
                   Wast-Towns
                   (
                   which
                   are
                   now
                   run
                   out
                   of
                   Gates
                   )
                   better
                   replenished
                   ,
                   and
                   your
                   people
                   imployed
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   great
                   enriching
                   and
                   honour
                   of
                   your
                   Kingdom
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   applause
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   the
                   comfort
                   of
                   all
                   your
                   Loyal
                   Subjects
                   .
                
                 
                   May
                   it
                   please
                   your
                   Majesty
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   the
                   rather
                   undergone
                   the
                   pains
                   to
                   look
                   into
                   their
                   Policies
                   ,
                   because
                   I
                   have
                   heard
                   them
                   profess
                   ,
                   they
                   hoped
                   to
                   get
                   the
                   whole
                   Trade
                   and
                   Shipping
                   of
                   Christendom
                   into
                   their
                   own
                   hands
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   for
                   Transportation
                   ,
                   as
                   otherwise
                   for
                   the
                   Command
                   and
                   Master
                   of
                   the
                   Seas
                   ;
                   to
                   which
                   end
                   I
                   find
                   that
                   they
                   do
                   daily
                   encrease
                   their
                   Traffick
                   ,
                   augmenting
                   their
                   Shipping
                   ,
                   multiplying
                   their
                   Mariners
                   ,
                   Strength
                   and
                   Wealth
                   in
                   all
                   kinds
                   ;
                   whereat
                   I
                   have
                   grieved
                   the
                   more
                   ,
                   when
                   I
                   considered
                   how
                   God
                   hath
                   endued
                   these
                   Kingdoms
                   above
                   any
                   three
                   Kingdoms
                   in
                   Christendom
                   ,
                   with
                   divers
                   varieties
                   of
                   Home-bred
                   Commodities
                   ,
                   which
                   others
                   have
                   not
                   ,
                   and
                   cannot
                   want
                   ;
                   and
                   endued
                   us
                   with
                   sundry
                   other
                   means
                   ,
                   to
                   continue
                   and
                   maintain
                   Trade
                   of
                   Merchandizing
                   and
                   Fishing
                   beyond
                   them
                   all
                   ,
                   whereby
                   we
                   might
                   prevent
                   the
                   deceivers
                   ,
                   engross
                   
                   the
                   Commodities
                   of
                   the
                   Engrossers
                   ,
                   inrich
                   our selves
                   ,
                   and
                   increase
                   our
                   Navigation
                   ,
                   Shipping
                   ,
                   and
                   Mariners
                   ;
                   so
                   as
                   it
                   would
                   make
                   all
                   Nations
                   to
                   vail
                   the
                   Bonnet
                   to
                   England
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   would
                   not
                   be
                   still
                   wanting
                   to
                   our selves
                   in
                   imployment
                   of
                   our
                   people
                   ;
                   which
                   people
                   being
                   divided
                   into
                   three
                   parts
                   ,
                   two
                   parts
                   of
                   them
                   are
                   meet
                   spenders
                   and
                   consumers
                   of
                   a
                   Common-wealth
                   ,
                   therefore
                   I
                   aim
                   at
                   these
                   Points
                   following
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   allure
                   and
                   encourage
                   the
                   people
                   for
                   their
                   private
                   gain
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   all
                   Workers
                   and
                   Erectors
                   of
                   a
                   Commonwealth
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   inrich
                   and
                   fill
                   your
                   Majesties
                   Coffers
                   ,
                   by
                   a
                   continual
                   coming
                   in
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   your
                   people
                   wealthy
                   ,
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   their
                   great
                   and
                   profitable
                   Trading
                   and
                   imployment
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   vent
                   our
                   Home-bred
                   Commodities
                   ,
                   to
                   far
                   more
                   reputation
                   ,
                   and
                   much
                   more
                   profit
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   the
                   Merchant
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   return
                   the
                   Merchandizes
                   of
                   other
                   Countreys
                   at
                   far
                   cheaper
                   rates
                   than
                   now
                   they
                   are
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   great
                   good
                   of
                   the
                   Realm
                   in
                   general
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   make
                   the
                   Land
                   powerfull
                   ,
                   by
                   increasing
                   of
                   Ships
                   and
                   Mariners
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   make
                   your
                   peoples
                   takings
                   in
                   general
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   much
                   more
                   every
                   day
                   than
                   now
                   they
                   are
                   ,
                   which
                   by
                   Gods
                   help
                   will
                   grow
                   continually
                   more
                   and
                   more
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   great
                   Concourse
                   and
                   Commerce
                   that
                   will
                   come
                   by
                   settled
                   Constitutions
                   ,
                   and
                   convenient
                   Priviledges
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   other
                   parts
                   they
                   do
                   by
                   this
                   their
                   great
                   freedom
                   of
                   Trade
                   .
                
                 
                   All
                   this
                   ,
                   and
                   much
                   more
                   ,
                   is
                   done
                   in
                   other
                   Countreys
                   ,
                   where
                   nothing
                   groweth
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   of
                   nothing
                   they
                   make
                   great
                   things
                   .
                   Then
                   how
                   much
                   more
                   mighty
                   things
                   might
                   we
                   make
                   ,
                   where
                   so
                   great
                   abundance
                   and
                   variety
                   of
                   Home-bred
                   Commodities
                   ,
                   and
                   rich
                   Materials
                   grows
                   ,
                   for
                   your
                   people
                   to
                   Work
                   upon
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   plentifull
                   means
                   to
                   do
                   that
                   withall
                   ,
                   which
                   other
                   Nations
                   neither
                   have
                   ,
                   nor
                   cannot
                   want
                   ,
                   but
                   of
                   necessity
                   must
                   be
                   furnished
                   from
                   hence
                   :
                   And
                   now
                   whereas
                   our
                   Merchandizing
                   is
                   wilde
                   ,
                   utterly
                   confused
                   ,
                   and
                   out
                   of
                   frame
                   ,
                   as
                   at
                   large
                   appeareth
                   ,
                   a
                   State-Merchant
                   will
                   roundly
                   and
                   effectually
                   bring
                   all
                   the
                   premisses
                   to
                   pass
                   ,
                   fill
                   your
                   Havens
                   with
                   Ships
                   ,
                   those
                   Ships
                   with
                   
                   Mariners
                   ,
                   your
                   Kingdom
                   full
                   of
                   Merchants
                   ,
                   their
                   houses
                   full
                   of
                   Outlandish
                   Commodities
                   ,
                   and
                   your
                   Coffers
                   full
                   of
                   Coyn
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   other
                   parts
                   they
                   do
                   ;
                   and
                   your
                   people
                   shall
                   have
                   just
                   cause
                   to
                   hold
                   in
                   happy
                   memory
                   ,
                   that
                   your
                   Majesty
                   was
                   the
                   beginner
                   of
                   so
                   profitable
                   ,
                   praise-worthy
                   ,
                   and
                   renowned
                   a
                   Work
                   ,
                   being
                   the
                   true
                   Philosophers-Stone
                   to
                   make
                   your
                   Majesty
                   a
                   rich
                   and
                   potent
                   King
                   ,
                   and
                   your
                   Subjects
                   happy
                   people
                   ,
                   only
                   by
                   settling
                   of
                   a
                   State-Merchant
                   ,
                   whereby
                   your
                   people
                   may
                   have
                   fulness
                   of
                   Trade
                   and
                   Manufactury
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   hold
                   both
                   honourable
                   and
                   profitable
                   Government
                   ,
                   without
                   breaking
                   of
                   Companies
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   for
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   settling
                   of
                   so
                   weighty
                   a
                   business
                   ,
                   many
                   things
                   of
                   great
                   consequence
                   must
                   necessarily
                   fall
                   into
                   consideration
                   ,
                   I
                   humbly
                   pray
                   that
                   your
                   Majesty
                   may
                   be
                   pleased
                   ,
                   (
                   for
                   the
                   bringing
                   of
                   this
                   great
                   Service
                   to
                   light
                   )
                   to
                   give
                   me
                   leave
                   to
                   nominate
                   the
                   Commissioners
                   ,
                   and
                   your
                   Majesty
                   to
                   give
                   them
                   power
                   to
                   call
                   before
                   them
                   such
                   men
                   as
                   they
                   shall
                   think
                   fit
                   ,
                   to
                   conferr
                   with
                   upon
                   Oath
                   ,
                   or
                   otherwise
                   as
                   occasion
                   shall
                   offer
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   said
                   Commissioners
                   with
                   all
                   speed
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   better
                   advancement
                   of
                   this
                   honourable
                   and
                   profitable
                   Work
                   ,
                   may
                   prepare
                   and
                   report
                   the
                   same
                   unto
                   your
                   Majesty
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Having
                   at
                   large
                   treated
                   about
                   the
                   damage
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   England
                   ,
                   about
                   the
                   Non-improvement
                   of
                   the
                   Native
                   Commodities
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   requisite
                   to
                   adde
                   something
                   about
                   the
                   Hands
                   to
                   be
                   imployed
                   therein
                   .
                
                 
                   THE
                   Manufactors
                   of
                   Wool
                   ,
                   (
                   with
                   many
                   other
                   Tradesmen
                   )
                   many
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   are
                   conscientious
                   in
                   their
                   Imployments
                   ,
                   lye
                   under
                   heavy
                   discouragements
                   ,
                   not
                   having
                   assurance
                   of
                   Liberty
                   in
                   the
                   matters
                   of
                   Worship
                   ;
                   hence
                   many
                   transplanted
                   themselves
                   into
                   Holland
                   about
                   the
                   year
                   35.
                   to
                   the
                   great
                   advantage
                   of
                   the
                   Dutch
                   ;
                   and
                   of
                   late
                   times
                   many
                   others
                   ,
                   both
                   of
                   Merchants
                   and
                   Clothiers
                   ,
                   (
                   by
                   the
                   severity
                   used
                   in
                   that
                   matter
                   of
                   Worship
                   alone
                   )
                   have
                   consulted
                   ,
                   and
                   were
                   preparing
                   to
                   transplant
                   themselves
                   ,
                   had
                   not
                   that
                   Indulgence
                   his
                   Majesty
                   hath
                   been
                   pleased
                   to
                   exercise
                   ,
                   prevented
                   ;
                   for
                   what
                   person
                   that
                   can
                   raise
                   a
                   Trade
                   ,
                   and
                   live
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   another
                   Countrey
                   ,
                   being
                   here
                   not
                   secured
                   in
                   the
                   matter
                   of
                   his
                   Conscience
                   ,
                   without
                   which
                   
                   he
                   cannot
                   have
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   his
                   Imployment
                   ,
                   will
                   either
                   stay
                   to
                   his
                   hazard
                   ,
                   or
                   if
                   he
                   do
                   ,
                   can
                   he
                   be
                   so
                   profitable
                   (
                   while
                   he
                   stays
                   in
                   fears
                   )
                   either
                   to
                   himself
                   ,
                   his
                   Countrey
                   ,
                   or
                   his
                   Majesty
                   ,
                   as
                   otherwise
                   he
                   might
                   be
                   ?
                   Many
                   also
                   there
                   are
                   that
                   for
                   reasons
                   of
                   this
                   kind
                   ,
                   are
                   necessitated
                   to
                   lay
                   down
                   ,
                   or
                   draw
                   their
                   Trades
                   into
                   a
                   narrower
                   compass
                   ,
                   who
                   have
                   formerly
                   been
                   considerable
                   Benefactors
                   to
                   their
                   Countrey
                   ,
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   having
                   hundreds
                   ,
                   some
                   a
                   thousand
                   depending
                   on
                   them
                   ,
                   whose
                   livelihood
                   stands
                   or
                   falls
                   ,
                   with
                   their
                   Liberty
                   or
                   Imprisonment
                   .
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   I
                   have
                   observed
                   ,
                   that
                   many
                   of
                   his
                   Majesties
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   (
                   of
                   whose
                   fidelity
                   I
                   have
                   sufficient
                   experience
                   )
                   hereby
                   have
                   by
                   some
                   persons
                   been
                   greatly
                   mis-represented
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   matter
                   of
                   no
                   small
                   moment
                   ;
                   by
                   this
                   means
                   't
                   is
                   plain
                   ,
                   such
                   persons
                   have
                   been
                   the
                   occasion
                   of
                   many
                   groundless
                   offences
                   ,
                   jealousies
                   and
                   murmurings
                   ,
                   (
                   with
                   great
                   cost
                   ,
                   charge
                   ,
                   and
                   undoing
                   of
                   many
                   Tradesmen
                   )
                   which
                   are
                   of
                   very
                   evil
                   consequence
                   ,
                   concerning
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   endeavoured
                   to
                   my
                   power
                   to
                   undeceive
                   his
                   Majesties
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   which
                   I
                   shall
                   be
                   ready
                   to
                   give
                   further
                   accompt
                   .
                   But
                   by
                   the
                   working
                   of
                   jealousies
                   and
                   animosities
                   of
                   this
                   kind
                   ,
                   Trade
                   is
                   very
                   much
                   obstructed
                   and
                   decayed
                   ;
                   For
                   if
                   one
                   particular
                   person
                   ,
                   upon
                   mis-representation
                   ,
                   be
                   but
                   prosecuted
                   ,
                   that
                   hath
                   so
                   many
                   hundreds
                   depending
                   upon
                   him
                   ,
                   First
                   ,
                   Those
                   persons
                   are
                   undone
                   ,
                   and
                   come
                   to
                   ruine
                   ;
                   nor
                   is
                   that
                   all
                   ,
                   but
                   2
                   ly
                   .
                   This
                   begets
                   jealousie
                   and
                   murmurings
                   in
                   all
                   those
                   concern'd
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   with
                   farther
                   fears
                   on
                   all
                   persons
                   lyable
                   to
                   suffering
                   upon
                   the
                   same
                   ground
                   ,
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   the
                   report
                   thereof
                   goes
                   :
                   Thus
                   is
                   Trade
                   ,
                   quietness
                   and
                   confidence
                   prejudic'd
                   ,
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   assurance
                   in
                   that
                   point
                   of
                   Liberty
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   From
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   these
                   necessary
                   Conclusions
                   may
                   be
                   drawn
                   ;
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   
                     That
                     it
                     is
                     necessary
                     for
                     the
                     good
                     of
                     his
                     Majesty
                     and
                     People
                     ,
                     to
                     secure
                     the
                     Wool
                     in
                  
                   England
                   
                     (
                     being
                     the
                     matter
                     or
                     foundation
                     of
                     such
                     a
                     rich
                     Manufacture
                     to
                     work
                     upon
                     )
                     by
                     effectual
                     Laws
                     ,
                     and
                     faithfulness
                     in
                     the
                     execution
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   
                     The
                     regulation
                     of
                     the
                     Manufacturies
                     thereof
                     be
                     consulted
                     for
                     Reformation
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   
                     If
                     yet
                     the
                     hands
                     of
                     many
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     chief
                     of
                     those
                     persons
                     capable
                     of
                     managing
                     the
                     Manufacturies
                     thereof
                     be
                     weakened
                     ,
                     for
                     
                     want
                     of
                     assurance
                     in
                     that
                     tender
                     point
                     of
                     conscience
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     consequently
                     they
                     withdraw
                     their
                     Stocks
                     and
                     Trade
                     not
                     to
                     half
                     the
                     height
                     they
                     would
                     ,
                     for
                     fear
                     they
                     should
                     suddenly
                     be
                     exposed
                     to
                     remove
                     into
                     other
                     Countries
                     ,
                     or
                     do
                     worse
                     ,
                     (
                     which
                     is
                     still
                     much
                     feared
                     by
                     some
                     )
                     if
                     in
                     this
                     they
                     be
                     not
                     eas'd
                     ,
                     the
                     Trade
                     of
                     this
                     Nation
                     can
                     never
                     be
                     compleated
                     ,
                     nor
                     brought
                     to
                     its
                     primitive
                     lustre
                     and
                     glory
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   My
                   observation
                   upon
                   his
                   Majesties
                   Speech
                   to
                   the
                   Parliament
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   year
                   1667.
                   including
                   some
                   indulgence
                   to
                   his
                   Majesties
                   Protestant
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   did
                   much
                   quicken
                   Trade
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   Nation
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   that
                   severall
                   thence
                   took
                   encouragement
                   (
                   that
                   before
                   had
                   been
                   contracting
                   their
                   Trades
                   )
                   to
                   begin
                   to
                   lay
                   out
                   themselves
                   and
                   Estates
                   to
                   raise
                   up
                   Manufactury
                   ,
                   expecting
                   a
                   full
                   concurrance
                   by
                   the
                   Parliament
                   :
                   But
                   when
                   the
                   same
                   persons
                   saw
                   themselves
                   disappointed
                   therein
                   ,
                   they
                   forthwith
                   took
                   up
                   thoughts
                   of
                   retiring
                   themselves
                   ,
                   and
                   withdrew
                   their
                   Trade
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   then
                   much
                   to
                   my
                   own
                   particular
                   damage
                   ,
                   depending
                   upon
                   those
                   persons
                   then
                   in
                   dealings
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   these
                   are
                   persons
                   ,
                   to
                   my
                   knowledge
                   ,
                   very
                   loyal
                   to
                   his
                   Majesty
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   cannot
                   understand
                   what
                   persons
                   have
                   advantage
                   by
                   his
                   Majesties
                   great
                   damage
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Kingdomes
                   so
                   great
                   impoverishment
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   demonstrated
                   ;
                   or
                   why
                   those
                   persons
                   ,
                   be
                   they
                   what
                   they
                   will
                   ,
                   upon
                   such
                   very
                   costly
                   terms
                   (
                   to
                   say
                   no
                   more
                   )
                   should
                   be
                   gratified
                   ;
                   neither
                   have
                   the
                   Councels
                   and
                   ends
                   propounded
                   by
                   the
                   chief
                   Agents
                   and
                   Factors
                   of
                   that
                   severity
                   ,
                   been
                   succesfull
                   either
                   in
                   bringing
                   forth
                   that
                   which
                   may
                   countervail
                   these
                   losses
                   ,
                   or
                   decrease
                   the
                   number
                   ,
                   or
                   alter
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   alone
                   for
                   conscience
                   they
                   should
                   suppress
                   ;
                   but
                   rather
                   provokes
                   many
                   that
                   before
                   concern'd
                   not
                   themselves
                   by
                   proceeds
                   of
                   that
                   kind
                   ,
                   against
                   men
                   peaceable
                   and
                   so
                   beneficial
                   in
                   their
                   Stations
                   ,
                   to
                   examine
                   the
                   causes
                   for
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   exposed
                   to
                   suffer
                   ;
                   which
                   also
                   prevails
                   with
                   many
                   to
                   a
                   participation
                   with
                   them
                   :
                   nor
                   can
                   what
                   they
                   would
                   have
                   ,
                   be
                   done
                   to
                   those
                   they
                   would
                   suppress
                   ,
                   in
                   places
                   depending
                   much
                   upon
                   these
                   Trades
                   ,
                   without
                   almost
                   desolating
                   many
                   parts
                   of
                   his
                   Majesties
                   Kingdomes
                   ;
                   for
                   should
                   so
                   many
                   be
                   removed
                   that
                   imployed
                   so
                   many
                   poor
                   ,
                   those
                   Tradesmen
                   that
                   remain
                   would
                   not
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   
                   manage
                   Trade
                   sufficient
                   to
                   set
                   on
                   work
                   the
                   poor
                   ,
                   for
                   their
                   Stocks
                   would
                   not
                   reach
                   thereunto
                   ;
                   how
                   fearfull
                   then
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   must
                   unavoidably
                   follow
                   ?
                
                 
                   Suffer
                   one
                   word
                   more
                   of
                   my
                   knowledge
                   in
                   this
                   business
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   matter
                   of
                   fact
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   small
                   Parish
                   where
                   I
                   was
                   born
                   ,
                   where
                   there
                   is
                   15.
                   
                   Cloathiers
                   ,
                   or
                   thereabouts
                   ;
                   of
                   those
                   15.
                   there
                   is
                   12.
                   dissenters
                   in
                   matters
                   of
                   worship
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   know
                   are
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Government
                   as
                   peaceable
                   as
                   any
                   :
                   and
                   in
                   another
                   little
                   Cloathing-Town
                   there
                   is
                   24.
                   
                   Cloathiers
                   ;
                   amongst
                   those
                   24.20
                   .
                   are
                   dissenters
                   :
                   and
                   by
                   this
                   measure
                   I
                   might
                   go
                   through
                   most
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   West
                   of
                   England
                   ,
                   viz.
                   
                     Hampshire
                     ,
                     Wilts
                     ,
                     Dorset
                     ,
                     Devon
                     ,
                     Sommerset
                     ,
                     Gloucestershire
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   part
                   of
                   Monmouthshire
                   in
                   Wales
                   :
                   most
                   of
                   all
                   those
                   said
                   Counties
                   I
                   have
                   traded
                   with
                   ,
                   and
                   am
                   therefore
                   experienced
                   in
                   what
                   I
                   say
                   .
                   Now
                   suppose
                   that
                   those
                   Laws
                   (
                   now
                   and
                   formerly
                   in
                   force
                   against
                   such
                   persons
                   )
                   should
                   have
                   been
                   rigorously
                   executed
                   ,
                   what
                   would
                   have
                   been
                   the
                   consequence
                   :
                   To
                   give
                   instance
                   ,
                   the
                   Case
                   of
                   but
                   one
                   Man
                   ,
                   
                     Thomas
                     Pearce
                  
                   of
                   Westdome
                   in
                   Devonshire
                   ,
                   near
                   Barnstable
                   ,
                   who
                   was
                   prosecuted
                   upon
                   the
                   20th
                   .
                   Moneth
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   15.
                   
                   Servants
                   in
                   his
                   own
                   House
                   ,
                   besides
                   many
                   Parishes
                   depending
                   upon
                   him
                   ;
                   yet
                   was
                   forc't
                   to
                   leave
                   his
                   Calling
                   and
                   Habitation
                   about
                   3.
                   or
                   4.
                   years
                   since
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   utter
                   ruine
                   of
                   those
                   persons
                   so
                   depending
                   ,
                   till
                   he
                   was
                   releas'd
                   :
                   And
                   many
                   other
                   such
                   instances
                   might
                   be
                   given
                   ;
                   for
                   it
                   must
                   necessarily
                   follow
                   ,
                   when
                   a
                   Tradesman
                   that
                   imploys
                   a
                   great
                   part
                   of
                   a
                   Countrey
                   ,
                   is
                   violently
                   and
                   suddenly
                   run
                   down
                   and
                   opprest
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   his
                   Trade
                   must
                   fail
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Countrey
                   must
                   suffer
                   with
                   him
                   ;
                   for
                   what
                   sober
                   person
                   will
                   step
                   into
                   his
                   place
                   ,
                   and
                   take
                   up
                   his
                   Trade
                   ,
                   while
                   he
                   is
                   for
                   such
                   Causes
                   suffering
                   ,
                   if
                   men
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   such
                   vacancies
                   were
                   to
                   be
                   found
                   .
                
              
            
             
               FINIS
               .