Hæc homo wherein the excellency of the creation of woman is described, by way of an essay. By William Austin Esquire. Austin, William, 1587-1634. 1637 Approx. 174 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 101 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2003-07 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A23301 STC 974 ESTC S100237 99836083 99836083 329 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A23301) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 329) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 820:01) Hæc homo wherein the excellency of the creation of woman is described, by way of an essay. By William Austin Esquire. Austin, William, 1587-1634. [12], 189, [1] p., plate : ill., port. Printed by Richard Olton for Ralph Mabb, and are to be sold by Charles Greene, London : 1637. With an additional title page, engraved, bearing the imprint: London printed. for R: Mabb. 1637. Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Women -- Early works to 1800. 2003-03 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2003-04 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2003-05 Rina Kor Sampled and proofread 2003-05 Rina Kor Text and markup reviewed and edited 2003-06 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion The liuely Portraiture of Mrs Mary Griffith . HAEC HOMO WHEREIN the Excellency of the Creation of WOMAN is described , by way of an Essaie . London Printed for R : Mabb . 1637. By W. Aust : in Esquire HAEC HOMO , WHEREIN THE EXCELLENCY of the Creation of WOMAN is described , By way of an Essay . By William Austin Esquire . LONDON , Printed by Richard Olton for RALPH MABB , and are to be sold by Charles Greene. 1637. THOMAS WALKER LLD Doctors Commons London To the truely vertuous Mistresse Mary Griffith : Lady , THe Authour of this Essay made you his Patern , which ( being a Posthume ) begs you the Patronesse : let its infancy pleade its excuse , if it deliver in broken words but halfe your worth ● and if you please to take it into your protection , it may hereafter come forth more knowing of your vertues ; some incredulous people it is likely to meet with , who will deride it , as Apocrypha ; their sinne is their punishment ; they have not seene you : and whilst through their malice they condemne the Authour ; by the truth of your vertues , hee becomes a martyr : the Title of this Manuell is generall , the excellency of Womans creation , the intended ayme of the Author was particular , your praise : that he might satisfie the doubtfull ; your perfections ( though they are admirable ) are not miraculous , which if they were , your glory would be lessened , because they were not so fully your owne : and those of your Sexe , could not be so justly accused of enclining to the vices of the times , if it were not a declining from their naturall puritie : your beginnings being equall , makes their infancy proportioned with your glory , but justice ; and this worke of his , and my dedication but a duty , whereby I am obliged to acknowledge my selfe , Vertuous Lady , Your most humble servant I. A. To the Reader . IT is not to be expected that pieces though of never so exact and curious frame , composed by the most excellent and ●evenest hand , should passe through the croud of the Criticall and Censorious multitude , without receiving the adust effects of their malignant humours . It cannot be looked for therefore , but that this Essay of this excellent Author , must be forced sometimes in its passa●e , th●ough the dangerous sea of these quarrelling times , to strike sayle to those musters of malignant and envious judgements that inevitably will assault it : and it is infinitly beyond my weake ability to come in with such supplies as might rescue so wel-adeserving subject from suffering ship-wracke . But sure I need not , the Peece it selfe is strong enough to stand it out , even to a victory , though it may now and then seeme to sinke under the aboundant pressures of Assaylants . Yet give me leave ( courteous Reader ) at the least to shew my willingnesse to doe somewhat , especially seeing It ( or rather the world ) hath had the mis-fortune to lose the Author , a Gentleman highly approved for his Religion , learning and exquisite ingenuity : his former Adventurings into the world , in that sublime expression of his Divine Meditations , have beene safely landed in the wisest and candidest judgements with approbation and applause ; and doubtlesse , This , cannot chuse but receive also a childs portion together with that his brother , and why not a greater ? for It Zarah-like put his hand out first , and therefore was the elder , though upon his drawing backe , his brother came out before him : They are both like the father , only that , of a more graver , this , of a more youthfull aspect : yet if the judicious Reader will be pleased to take an impartiall view of Its severall L●●e●ments , he cannot chuse but see the true Idaea of a most grave and Divine spirit , shining forth in even its tender Non-age . I am sure I shall rather blemish then adorne the ●orke , by saying any thing , and ●ndeed , what need I ? Vino vendi●ili non opus est hedera : my generall request to the Reader is , that he would be pleased to let It passe quietly , and if he be one that cannot find in his heart to commend and approve it , let him leave it for those , that both can and will , out of a pure judgement and refined wit , give it its due merit and honour ; and to such , I promise to remaine , Ready to doe my best service , RALPH MABB . HAEC HOMO . CAP. I. THE Omnipotent in the beginning , created all things for Man ; and untill all things were made fit and convenient for him , he was not made : But , when they had received their Ornaments , then was brought forth this admirable creature , ( the Image of his Creator , ) who was so excellently composed , that his Maker had not onely given him [ Os sublime , ] a face upward : but [ mentem internam , ] a mind inward , to behold the Heavens , and all under them : Homo ad contemplandum Creatorem suum creatus est , saith Gregorie . Certainly , one would think , that to the making of so Divine a creature , some extraordinary matter , collected out of the Quintessences of the celestiall spheares , ought to be prepared . One would scarcely beleeve , ( but that it is written , where is no falshood ▪ ) that the base earth were his best apparell ; nay worse , not earth , but Dust , ( the very contemptible Dust , ) which the least wind blowes away . But , when we behold his dayly carriage , his pride and haughtinesse ; with what disdaine , he not onely contemnes inferiour creatures ; but such as were created equall with him ; we may judge him , either to be made of better stuffe then we have heard of : or , that he very much forgets his beginning . He was not made of Heaven , nor in Heaven ; but in earth , and of Dust , amongst ( his fellow creatures ) the beasts of the field : of the same mettle , in the same place , and in the same day with them . What should make him so proud , as to Despise , and , with so many sought-for words contemn Woman ( his other self ? ) Doubtles , it proceeds from his ignorance or forgetfulnesse : in that he knowes not , or will not remember his lowe beginning , ( even out of the Dust : ) and , had need to heare this sentence again from Heaven , oftner then raine upon him , Nosce teipsum : otherwise , he would not esteem so unworthily of Woman , which is his other half , and part of his own bodily substance . It shewes , as if a man should love his head ; and hate his braines : Is not she , he ? Examine , and you will find small Difference . As , first ; for name : though ( for necessary distinction sake , ) they were created male and female , and two bodies : yet all ( in one Word ) makes but [ Hom●● ] one Man. Which very Word Cicero , ( the most eloquent of his time , ) thought no barbarisme , to bestow upon a Woman , and a vertuous Ladie ; when ( remembring his commendations to her , in an Epistle to her husband , ) he calls her Homo Singular is pudicitiae ac pietatis . In the sexe , is all the difference ; which is but onely in the body . For , she hath the same reasonable soule ; and , in that , there is neither hee s , nor shee s ; neither excellencie , nor superiority : she hath the same soule ; the same mind ; the same understanding ; and tends to the same end of eternall salvation that he Doth . In which , there is no exception of sexe , persons , or nation : But ( in the resurrection ) she shall , ( without exception of sexe ) obtaine like body with him ; according to the similitude of Angels : For , they were bought at the same price , and shall dwell in the same glory . She hath not onely the same name with him ; but , they are both of one figure ; made by one workman ; of one substance ; in one place ; in one day ; so that , there is no such generall difference between them , that can give excuse to man to esteem basely and meanly of her , but that he must needs ( therein ) touch himself : since she was made so equall with him , and so like him . Notwithstanding , there may be observed some rice differences between them in their creation : but indeed , they are such , as rather much increase her praise , then detract the least scruple from her worth and excellencie . As For example : First , though she were created with him , in the same and one day ; yet , not at one time . Secondly , though in one generall place , yet not in one particular place . Thirdly , though of one substance , yet not of one matter . Fourthly , though of one workman , yet not in one manner . Fiftly , though of one figure ; yet not of one form . Sixtly , though of one generall name ; yet not of one particular name . These things , ( though they seem never so slight and triviall , ) make much for her excellencie and honour . Therefore , to the end I may keep some order in what I intend , I will First shew what I have observed upon these six former Differences ; of Time , Place , Matter , Manner , Form and Name , ( which I intend , shall be the principall heads of this my Discourse . ) CAP. I. FIRST , I will begin with the time of her creation . It was not , untill all other creatures ( both in Heaven and Earth ) were finished , and provided for her : That when she came , she might find want of nothing . She had the fields to refresh her ; the trees to shade her ; the rivers to bath her ; the Heavens to light her ; and a husband to cherish and love her : who was neither perfect nor happy , till he had her . A benefit which Adam wanted : For , he lacked and lived without a helper , till she was made : and he that wants help cannot be happy . Secondly , she was not made till GOD made Adam : so he had great need of her . For , after he had told him , it was not good for him to be alone ; he brought him all the creatures of the earth , to chuse him out a fellow ; but he ( with a small appetite ) viewing them over , gave them apt names , according to their dispositions : but for Adam found he not a fit helpe . From whence , I observe , that she was not made by chance , ( as a thing unnecessary , and not thought of ; but by reason of the present occasion : ) or , as that she should never have been created , if any of the beasts could have served the turne . ( No beautifull thing is made by chance ; but , by some ingenious and operative art : ) But she was made by great deliberation , and profound consideration . For , if there appeared a great counsaile and deliberation in GOD , ( in these words let us make man , ) before he made him ; ( and yet therein was she also contained : ) so certainly , no lesse in her particular creation . For , though he had already determined what to do , when he said ; I will make him a helper : Yet , that Adam might take knowledge how great a benefit he was to receive , he first makes this search ( in his presence ) among all the living creatures of the earth , to let him see that none was fit for him , but such a one as he himself should specially create : and , that ( without her ) he were but a misery in a mans likenes . For , though he had both Heaven and earth in his contemplation , yet he lacked that which they all could not supply . This helper therefore being found , he proceedeth to as large and more exact a declaration of her creation , then of his : as we shall more largely shew hereafter ; which was done while Adam slept . ( For it was not fit that he should behold the creation of the excellent creature , that had not seen the making of the meanest : and , peradventure , lest Man should after presume to have had a hand in her making ; and so , make slight accompt of her : ) While he slept ( I say , ) without his ca●e , advice or counsaile was she created . From whence , some gather , that the affections of men should sleep , when GOD chuseth and fitteth them Wives : And that neither beauty , riches or honour , &c. should sway them ; but onely the first cause ; [ Commodum Auxilium , ] and the immediate hand of GOD ; who provides her and gives her . She being thus made , is brought forth the last creature in time , as an epitome , conclusion , period , and full perfection both of Heaven and earth . For GOD making all his workes of two sorts , [ Incorruptible and Corruptible , ] began at the noblest of the one , and ended in the noblest of the other . For first , he made the Incorruptible Angels , &c. Then ( for corruptible things : ) First , the Mineralls ; then , Vegetables ; then , Fishes ; then , Birds ; then , Beasts ; then , Man in his own likenes , [ the one , Male ; the other , female : ] but the Woman last . Every worke being still more perfect then other , still ending in the most perfect of all , he rested ; as having finished all in her , beyond whose perfection no creature more could be added , created , or imagined . But , though she were last in time brought forth : Agrippa is of opinion , that GOD determined her creation first of all ; before he began the World. For Wisedome considers to what good end and conclusion she will bring her worke , ere she begin ; still framing the last before the first . And Woman , being the last creature , and perfect conclusion of all Gods workes , was ( no doubt ) first of all drawn forth in that faire proportion ( we now see her , ) by Gods eternall wisedome , as the period of all ; long ere the rest were began to be framed . Thus much then for the time of her creation , which appeares not to be till all things were provided for her ; not till Adam saw he had great need of her ; while he flept ; last , as the perfection of the rest : And , though last in creaation ; yet first in determination . CAP. II. SECONDLY , she is dignified in the Place of her creation . And , that the place of birth , making , or education , makes much to the praise or dispraise , not onely of men , but of beasts , and sometimes of sencelesse creatures ; both the ancient Histories ( profane and Divine , ) for their estimation do record ; not without the confirmation of common opinion and experience : Which was the reason why Isaack was commanded , not to take a Wife out of Canaan ; but in Mesopotamia : ( the worthinesse of which place shall after appeare . ) The like ( for vituperation ) is that of Nathanael : Can there any good thing come out of Nazareth ? Still having a respect to the place . But the place of her creation was dignified , First , in the Name . Secondly , in the Situation . Thirdly , the Rich plenty . Fourthly , the vertuousnesse of the Plenty . And Fiftly , the company . I will begin at the last , first , and ( for once ) set the cart before the horse . For the Company : it was an habitation of Angels ; one of which afterwards kept the place with a fiery sword : And , it was also the walking-place of God , and is yet ( unto this day ) invironed with a flame , not farre from Babylon , ( as some conjecture out of Plinie . ) Secondly , for the Plenty : it had in it all manner of things good for mans life , it wanted nothing , either of pleasure or necessity : The beasts were obedient ; the trees fruitfull ; the fruit nourishing ; the hearbs pleasant in sight ; the flowres delicate in smell ; the rivers , not onely watered the Garden ( and dividing themselves into foure parts , made it both pleasant in forme , and fruitfull in effect ; ) but also , brought forth most fine gold for ornament , and precious Gemmes ( of more estimation and worth then gold , ) for beautie and medicine . There was no evill thing in it : nay , the tree of good and evill , ( though the eating thereof was a deadly poyson to Adam and his posterity , ) was good in it self ; and ill onely in respect of the commandment : Quid bonum ? quod DEVS vult : Quid malum ? quod DEVS vetat . Thirdly , besides all this fertility and rich plenty ; ( with the like whereof GOD hath also in some measure inriched some other places . ) There was that most desired rich Jewell , and inestimable vertucus treasure , ( the Tree of life ; ) no where else under Heaven to be found : whose fruit increased strength , and lengthned the life of man. Not as other fruits ; which also being eaten , bring health and increase the vegetative part of man , for a time ; and were made to drive away thirst and hunger : but ( as venerable Beda writes , ) it had Divinely received this vertue , that who so tasted of it , it should preserve his body in stable health and perpetuall soundnesse ; so that it should not fall into worse estate , by any infirmity or weaknesse of age ; ) nor ever die ( addes Zanchius . ) Which proves , how much in vertue and value , ( as well as in plenty and pleasure , ) that place exceeded all others . Fourthly , for the Situation : it was in Heden , a place very fruitfull ; and Heden was in Mesopotamia . That it was there placed appeares out of Ezekiel , where mention is made of the sonnes of Heden , which are joyned with Canneh and Haran : which place ( being also the habitation of Terah , and Abraham ; ) is now known to be a Region of Mesopotamia . As for the particular site of this garden , it was [ in loco editissimo , ] in the highest part of all the World , ( saith Adricomius Delphius : ) and neerest lift up to Heaven , where is the height of all happinesse , and happinesse beyond all height . Fiftly , for the names of this place : They are three . One of the Countrey [ Mesopotamia : ] the other , of the region [ Eden . ] The third of the garden [ Paradise . ] The first signifies a place between two Rivers , as that lies between Tigris and Euphrates ; which is the cause of the great fertility . Mesopotamiam fe●tilem facit Euphrates , in quam quotannis , quasi novos agros invehit . For the name of the Region [ Heden , ] it is ( in Hebrew ) no more but Deliciae ; a place of Delight , ( saith Isidore : ) and it must needs be very fruitfull ; since from thence runnes the river , that ( spreading into foure parts ; ) waters and makes fruitfull the most part of all Asia . As for the particular name [ Paradise ] , being a Greek word , it is correspondent to the former ; and signifies , but an hortyard , or Garden of pleasure . But such a place indeed it was , and is , and so warily kept from man , since ( for his disobedience ) he lost it ; that where it is , or what it is at this day , the best Divines cannot resolve : which makes S. Ambrose say , If Paradise be such a thing , as that onely S. Paul , or scarce any like S. Paul could see in this life ; ( and that , whether in the body , or out of the body he cannot tell : ) how shall we resolve where it is placed , since we cannot see it ? or , if we could , we are forbidden to declare it . But , whatsoever it now is ; into this place of Paradise ( which then so highly flourished in delight : ) the LORD brought Adam from the company of the ruder beasts , before he would make Woman for him . Which shewes , that he had no birth-right to the place ; being not made there , but that as he received the first , so shall he and his sonnes receive the second Paradise by grace and favour onely , and by no claime of merit or birthright . But this place was the Womans native countrey : For heere was she created . But , that appeares not fully and expresly in the text , may some say . To that Zanchius answers . The commandment was given unto Adam in Paradise before the Woman was created . Therefore unlesse GOD tooke Adam forth again of purpose , that must needs be the place of her creation . To which Agrippa addes , Mulier formata est in Paradiso cum Angelis . No mervaile therefore , if Isaack were commanded to take a Wife in Mesopotamia ; since in that Countrey was the place where the first Woman was made by the hand of GOD : Which place ( as you have heard , ) is dignified in the name ; the Plenty ; the vertuous riches of the Plenty ; the Situation ; and the Inhabitants . From all which particulars may be gathered these observations . First , that as the Name of the place signifies it to be of pleasure , delight , and beauty ; so is the creature ( there made ) beautifull . For , the pleasure and delight of Man ; ( as it is confessed in the Booke of Ecclesiasticus . ) The beauty of a Woman cherisheth the face , and a man l●veth nothing better . And indeed well may her beauty be compared to a flower ; and her self to a garden : For she belongeth but to one husbandman ; and ought , but by one alone to be ordered and disposed . So that , whosoever comes , either by craft or force , to take any of the pleasures there , is but a thief . Pec●as ( saith Martiall , ) nec tua furta●egis ▪ ( for so the Poets call adulterie . 〈◊〉 Therefore , to defend 〈◊〉 place GOD hath set a red Cherubin , with a fierie blade in the entrance and face of this Garden : that , with the sodaine flash of crimosine blushes , beats back all presumptuous and unlawfull assaults of such as bouldly venture to violate the forbidden fruit . Secondly , as the Place of her creation was elevated , and in the highest place of the World ; so hath it given Women some remembrance thereof in their nature . For , most of them are not so giddy , in looking down from high places , neither are they so soon dimme of sight , or blinde in age as men are . Thirdly , as the place was very pleasant and fruitfull ; so was the Woman : whose children since have fil'd the whole World. And , as the plenty was rich and precious ; so is her fruit : Which not onely filleth the earth with Men ; but , the Heavens with Saints ; who are as deere and precious in Gods sight as his eyes : Who ( being the true Tree of life , ) hath bowed himself from Heaven , as lowe as the crosse ; that we might cat and live for ever . Lastly , though she be ( for a while ) banished from the company of those Angells , that inhabit and keep the fiecry passage into the place of her creation ; yet , in the end , not onely she , but her offspring , ( the children of GOD , ) shal be with great joy received into the heavenly Paradise , by redempti . demption ; there , to remaine , without danger , or feare , of falling for evermore . And so much concerning the observations of the place . CAP. III. THE third difference , is of matter . For , though ( as I sayd ) they were made both of one substance , ( which was , originally , earth ; ) yet was her body made when it was more resined and 〈◊〉 . 〈…〉 indeed : and 〈…〉 comes out of the 〈…〉 nei●●er of 〈◊〉 form ; 〈…〉 . Adam was made of dust , ( of red earth mingled with yellow , saith Iosephus ; ) which he holds to be the right colour of the true elem●ntarie earth : But Woman was made of a more noble substance , that cannot ( of it self properly ) be called earth ; but onely in respect of whence it was taken . Earth is dead , and senselesse : but the matter of her creation was sensitive , and living . It was ( saith Moses ) a bone taken from Mans side : But bones ( saith Magirus ) are senselesse , nullo sensu praedita . Therefore this was not a bare bone , but took with it a part of the adherent flesh , by the confession of Adam himself : This is bone of my bone , and flesh of my flesh . From hence it apeares , that she was made both of the bone and flesh of Adam ; but yet ( it seems by the first description ) of more bone then flesh . 1. First then , ( that we may take hold of such considerations , as do adde to her dignity , ) we know , she was made of bone . 2. Secondly , not without some flesh . 3. Thirdly , of more Bone then Flesh. 4. Fourthly , let us observe of what Bone. 5. Fiftly , why , but of one Bone ? 6. And sixtly and lastly ; from what place it was taken . First then , it was a bone . ( The description of bones take thus , out of Magirus : Ossa sunt animalis partes durissimae , ad totius stabilitatem et fulcrum : Bones ( saith he ) are the hardest part of a living creature , for the establishing and upholding of the rest : ) so that , the bones are , as the frame and substance of the body ; and the flesh , but the plaister , cover , or ornament . A man therefore seemes like a faire ●astle or fort , curiously and politely built . For , nothing apeares outward , but faire flesh , being a well-wrought plaister , taken out of the earth : But within , it is strongly fortified with a firm and solid frame , composed of substantiall bones , ( like huge beames or Iron barres , ) not onely to uphold and keep upright ; but to strengthen and establish the whole building , aswell for assaults , as defence ; so that they are of great and necessary use . For whereas Man ▪ of all other creatures , hath ( as I have said ) Os sublime ; it is long of his Ossa sublimia , that reare him upwards , and sustaine him : otherwise , he might grovell on the ground , like beastes of the field ; or creepe upon his belly , like his enemie ( the Serpent . ) Moreover , as Man is called [ Microcosmus , ] a little World : so ( to fit him to it ; ) his head is compared to the round Heavens ; his eyes to the Sunne and Moone ; his haires to the trees and grasse ; his flesh to the earth ; his veines to the rivers : but his more solid bones are compared to the precious gemmes , and hard metals , and minerals , which are the riches of the earth : And , as these riches lie deep and hidden , and are not presently at hand : so these bones lie deep , and round , inclosed in the flesh ; that they might suflein it ; and it , clothe , and cherish them . Of this rich and necessary part of mans body , was Woman composed . From whence may be observed , that God made her not of what came next to hand , either of skin or flesh onely ; but pierced into the intralls , and very bones for her : that Man might acknowledge her to be very neere him indeed ; and esteem her as his prop , and as necessary a help as his bones , ( in the execution of his calling : ) so that she might sustain him , and he cherish her . Secondly , she was not made of bone onely , ( which is but sencelese of it self ; ) but , of some of the adherent flesh also ; which gave both life and sence to it . For , in the word ( flesh ) is comprehended , the Sinewes , Veines , Arteries , and Muskles , which convey the spirits of life and sence , quite through the body ; of part of which she was made : not , of skin . For , he saith not , skin of my skin : but , bone of my bone , and flesh of my flesh . For , the skin is so stretched over the bodie , for a cover ; that it may without much paine , be separated and drawnoff from it ; ( in some places more easily ; in some more hardly : ) but , the flesh is more sensible , and stickes more fast then so . It may seem therefore , that the reason ( why she was made of some flesh , ) was ; that it might give a neerenes , and a life , and ( therein ) an honour to the matter of her creation : and , to make good that saying , ( they shal be two in one flesh : ) left man should object , she was but a bare bone ; and of too hard a disposition and temper , for his helper . Thirdly , why she was made but of some flesh , and more bone ; may seem , that ( because flesh is the weaker and frailer part of man ; and ( in the Scripture ) for the most part , taken for the corrupt , sinfull , and unregenerate part . ) GOD would not chiefly make her therefore of that corruptible and contemptible matter ; left man should despise her : but , of the stronger , nearer , and more firm part of his body ; that she might prove the more able and fitter helper for him ; and he account the more worthily of her . So that , here is an intermingling and conjunction of both , in that equall and sufficient proportion , that GOD thought fittest , for the establishing of her worth , and the preventing of his objections . Fourthly , we are to consider , which of his bones it was . A Ribbe ( saith Moses , ) which bone takes his name from the office , which it performs in the body : Costis , quasi Custos , a keeper . There are but three principall parts in the bodie : ( the Heart ; the Head ; and the Liver . ) One , for counsaile ; the other , for government : and the third for nourishment . And they are all in the custodie and keeping of bones : But , the two chiefest , ( the Heart , and the Liver , ) are within the protection of the ribbes : which compassing and bending about them , doe seem to imbrace , and infould the bodie , after a more loving and kind manner , then any of the rest : and , doe not onely strengthen ; but ( by inclosing , ) protect and defend it . And such indeed is the true nature and disposition of a Woman taken from hence ; for , she doth not onely infould and inclose Man , ( while she breeds him in her wombe , ) and after , most tenderly hugges and nourishes him in her armes , during his infancie ; ) but afterwards , ( being joyned unto him in marriage , ) imbraces him most lovingly and affectionatly : yea ; and ( some time ) so bouldly interposes her self in the office of a Ribbe , ( for his defence , ) that she hath much indangered , and ( some times ) suffered her life to be lost in the stead of his : which common and almost dayly experience proves true , too often . Moreover ; a Ribbe , if it be gently handled , is the most easily and farthest bent ( without breaking ) of all other bones ; ( being , indeed , already naturally made a little compassing and bowing of it self : ) but , if it be violently strucke or crushed , it is soonest crackt . So Woman , ( being naturally made gentle and tractable , of her self , ) is with gentlenesse bended every way easily : but , ( if with rudenesse handled , ) not onely her body , but her obedience ; yea , and her very heart is broken . And as a R●bbe cannot be divided from the body of man , but by death ; or by extreme violence : So cannot woman be divided from that sacred conjunction , ( in which she is made one body with her husband , ) but by death , or adultery ; which is the ex●ream violation of the nuptiall bed . Fiftly , though she was made of a bone ( or ribbe ; ) yet was she made of no more bones , or ribbes , but one : GOD took no more , but onely what would serve to make them bone of one bone , and flesh of one flesh . From which I briefly observe ( with Zanchius . ) that she was but partly Adams , and , not all wholly of his substance ; or totally taken out of him : to the end , that Man should not presume tyrannously to usurp more authority and command over her , then is fit ; and ( bragging she was wholly taken out of him , or his superfluous chipps , ) should suppose himself absolutely her Lord and Master ; and claim her , as his own [ Iure creatio●is ] by right ; as directly proceeding from him ; but , that he should remember , that she is one Ribbe of his , and no more ; and , that the rest of her body ( in the composition ) was added and supplied by the Lord himself , whose ( indeed ) she is by right : and who hath onely lent her unto him , as a fellow-helper ; and not as a servant . Sixtly , and lastly ; ( for I labour in all to be very brief : ) ) I observe the place of this bone . It was the side [ Latus : ] so called led [ à Latendo , ] of lying secret or hidden . For , it is situated under the arme ; which , both hides it , and defends it . Which gives a good admonition , ( even in nature ) to the unrulinesse of mens Tongues ( in our age : ) who would not so carelesly discover , and lewdly speak , or write against some delicts and trespasses in Women , ( which , peradventure , they themselves have caused , and been guilty of ; ) if they did but consider , that she was taken from the secret side : which should rather be a place to hide and cover them . And , from under the arm ; that should rather be stretched forth and lift up to defend and protect them ; then , either by their deeds or words , to oppugne , or detract them . From the side , ( I say ) she was taken . Latus , the very place of rest . For , no way sleep we so scundly , nor lie we so easily as on our side . They used not ( in old time ) to rest or sleep onely on their sides , but also , to lean at their tables or couches , at the taking of their bodily sustenance . Which custome , many countries ( in the East , ) even at this day , do observe . The consideration of this , gives us occasion to observe , that no man sleepes more soundly , nor rests more securely , then he that leanes upon the faire bosome of a faithfull and loving wife ; upon whose care and provident huswifery , he may safely rely , for the receiving of his dayly diet and sustenance , both in due season , and in comely manner . Moreover , she was taken from his side ; not onely to give ease and rest to him , but also , to give dignity and honour unto her : For ( as it hath been observed , ) as she was not made of his heaed , ( to sit above , and a rule him ; ) so , was she not made of his feet ; ( to be despised , and trodden under him : ) but , from his side ; ( to be equall with him , ) so that , though he be her head ; she is not his feet : but may goe side by side with him . For GOD saied not to Adam on ly [ Dominato ] rule thou ; but , to them both [ Dominamini , ] rule yee They are b●th ( then ) Legati à latere ; and alike in commission ; as well , as in fashion . And , it must needs be so . For else , she could not be [ Commodum auxilium , ] an equall help for her husband . Either they must be equall , and both alike ; or else , could they never justly be fit . It was said to Adam : earth thou art , and to earth thou shalt return ; so , seeing the Woman was taken from the side ; to the side let her return . Let the side ( on Gods name ) be the place for her againe ; yea , and next the heart . For , if her husband can say ( as Adam could ) Deus adduxit , the Lord brought her to me : he shall not find his own ribbes truer unto him , then she . For , as Salomons Mother taught him , ( and she knew what a Woman was ; ) the heart of her husband trusteth in her : she will do him good , and not evill , all the dayes of his life . And thus much for the matter of her creation . CAP. IIII. FOurthly , though they were made both by one workman ; yet , not in one manner . For it should seem ( by the description of their creation , ) that the Man was ( as it were ) but a work of nature ; and , the Woman , rather a worke of miracle . For , the Man was brought forth of the earth , ( not onely the generall and naturall Mother of him ; but , of all the beasts , and b●uit creatures of the earth besides . ) From whence , as he took his beginni●g ; so also he took his name , [ Adam , ] earth . Which also , ( at the same time ) with him , brought forth divers other creatures , of divers forms and qualities ; but indeed , devoid of reason . Which ( of all creatures , made of the earth , ) was given onely to Adam : who , therein especially differeth from them ; or , otherwise , but very little . The earth ( then ) is his naturall and originall Mother : which not onely , at the first , ( by the very fiat , and word of GOD , ) brought forth beasts , cattell , creeping things , and living creatures : but also , even at this day ; it doth continue still ( by the power of GOD given unto it ; and , by an effectuall heat , and naturall operation , received from the government and revolution of the heavens : ) doth , ( I say ) naturally yet produce , and bring forth divers living , creeping , and flying creatures , of it own accord . Which we may see by dayly experience . For , divers little creatures are procreated by the Sunnes heat , and the earths sliminesse . Which , ( from earth , growing into living things : ) first , stirre ; then , creep ; then , leap ; then , fli● ; ( as wormes , serpents , frogges , and insects ; ) which have , as well the benefit of sence , motion , and generation , as Man. Which thing also , is as common in the Sea , and waters : which , not onely in the beginning , ( but still to this day ) do naturally bring forth fish , and foule . As among other things , the Barnacle , for example ; ( a creature not farre to be sought ; but even in our own Land ; ) with divers others . All which , are ( from the mixture of heat , and moisture , after a naturall manner compounded , and brought forth of the earth or waters , by the hand of nature . Whereby , may seem to some , that Ma● ( having his body framed and taken from the same substance , and elementary Comm●xture , with the beasts ) took also his corporeall beginning : But , the Woman will seem a more Divine worke , if the manner of her creation be , with his , compared . For , she was made not onely of such a matter ; but in such a manner , as no other creature whatsoever . For first , ( as I have said , ) she excell'd Adam in matter , ( being made of b●ne , and flesh ; a more purified and noble substance : ) That the manner was much more miraculous , is evident . For , she was made out of a living and sensible creature : as no creature under Heaven , but her self was . All other creatures , ( yea ; and Adam himself ) were made , and produced , by the ministration and operation of naturall Elements , ( either out of the water or earth , ) which are ( of themselves ) senseless ; but she , from Adams owne sensible side ; to whom , GOD had ( before ) not onely given a lively body , but a living soule . Had she been made but of the living flesh , of some gentle beast , it had yet been ( in respect of the lively and prepared matter , ) somwhat more honourable , then that of his ; whose substance of creation was base and senseles , till it was purified and enriched with a s●ule : but to be made of his refined , living , and sensible body , and , after so miraculous a manner , must needs give great commendation , and adde much respect unto her . GOD is sayd ( according to Anselmus ) foure manner of wayes to produce Man into this World : two whereof , seem naturall ; and two are miraculous 1. The first way ; out of the naturall earth , ( without Man or Woman : ) as Adam was . 2. The second way ; out of Man , without a Woman : as Eve out of Adam , without the cooperation of nature , ( miraculously . ) 3. The third way , by Man and woman ; as children are by common birth , naturally . 4. And the fourth way , by a Woman without a Man : as our Saviour Christ ; by the blessed Virgin Mary , ( miraculously . ) Thus you see the manner of her creation seemes more wonderfull and miraculous , then that of his , ( shee being indeed made , only by God , without influence cooperating from the Heavens , or the earth . ) Out of which consideration , Agrippa is bold to set down his opinion , thus plainely : Vir itaque Naturae opus ; Mulier opi ficium Dei ; Man is therefore the worke of Nature ; and Women the workemanship of God. If we observe moreover , the Words which the Scripture and the Prophets , and Fathers use , in the description of the Creation , we shall find some things worthy the consideration , that expresse the manner of her creation , to bee as excellent , if not much above his . The words which are most used in speaking of his making , are : feci● ; creavit ; finxit ; plasmavit ; formavit . Fecit , he formed , creavit , he began , or first produced , finxit , ( properly ) hee made of earth : plasmavit , like a potters vessell ; formavit , hee fashioned , like clay : Still intimating his low beginning out of the earth , like a peece of Clay in the hands of the Potter . Two of which words [ Creavit , and fecit ] are as proper to the inferior beasts , as to man : But in the Description of her making ( though some of these words , for variety sake some time also fall , into the Storie ) yet those that doe most properly expresse it , are of more elegance . And the very words of Moses are sometimes translated , Struxit sometimes Exstruxit ; and sometimes , Aedificavit . But of these three is the manner of her creation chiefly to bee discerned . We will therefore observe them all in order : for they all doe well expresse it . First then , Struxit hee framed ; like a right skillfull and provident workeman , he first provided and prepared the matter , ( and that was a Rib ; which to this purpose , he had framed , and made ready ) It is a word taken from carpenters ; which first hew and square out their worke , to a fitnes , before they begin it . Which word [ struere ] saith Festus , among the ancients , signifies not onely to frame , but [ augere , ] to augment , increase , or multiplie , which therein God did . For taking but one rib from Adam , he added so much matter unto it of himself , as made up the Womans whole bodie : and not only so increased the rib ; but the man who ( being before but one and alone , ) was now male and female ; and two bodies ; yet , but one flesh : After this [ Extruxit ] he erected it . For having first , ( like a Skilfull Architector ) made the frame ; he now raises and sets it up . : For he gave not to man only Os sublime ; but did also , in a most beautifull manner raise the Womans head , face and countenance , that she also might view heaven , with her eies , and touch heaven , with her praiers , as well as he . Lastly , [ Aedificavit , ] after he had framed and erected , hee builded , finished , and establisht her : like a firme edifice , and beautious house : as having perfectly finished her , and ( in ●er ) both heaven and earth . It may be objected , that she was but an old house new repaired ; or a broken rib of Adams set up-right againe : But this word [ Aedificavit ] barres that conceipt quite : for hee saith not [ instauravit ; ] but aedificavit : which is ( saith Isidore ) nova Constructio a new building . This word [ aedificavit , ] is derived from [ Aedes ] a house ; the building whereof is called [ aedificatio . ] The Woman therefore being [ aedificata , ] and builded after the manner of a house , must have and retain some qualities of an house also . A house is thus Etymologiz'd by Sextus Pompeius : Aedes , est domicilium in edito loco positum , simplex , et unius aditus : et aedes vocata ; quòd in eo aevum degatu● ; Aedes ( saith he ) is a house built in a high and eminent place : ( So was Woman , being made in Paradise , [ loco editissimo ] , the highest place of all the earth . ) It is ( saith he ) simplex , et unius aditus ; but one house , and hath but one entrance : ( so is a Woman : For she must be but one ; one wife , to one man : ) who , being joyned , notwithstanding are but one still . And , there must be but one entrance unto her ; and , that is , by the lawfull way of marriage . For whosoever comes other way , is but a thief , as I have said before . Lastly , ( he saith ) it is called Aedes ; quòd in eo aevum d●gatur : because a Man liveth all his life in it ; so , when GOD hath framed a wife for Man , he must dwell with her , even untill he die , or till this beautifull building fall into the Lords hands before him . When , either he must marry again , or be counted no housekeeper , according to that of Agrippa : he that hath no Wife , hath no house . One property more of a house I will adde , she is alwayes at home ; and , as seldom from out the compasse of the foundation , as the whole frame is : or , if necessity , ( like some violent wind , ) force , or drive her forth ; she goes ( like the snaile ) with her house on her head ; the care of that is still in her brain ; continually urging and oppressing her , till she return , to guide it again . But this word Aedificatio , ( from whence she is aedificium , ) signifies , not onely a privat house , but a Temple . Vltoris primâ Martis in aede sedet ; saith Martial . Also Socrates calls a faire and beautifull Woman , by the name of a Temple . And Templum ( saith Festus ) signifies aedificium Deo sacratum ; a house consecrate to God. And , such indeed is a Woman , to whom GOD hath not onely given his image ; but , hath made her his house . No Man ( saith Iohn ) hath seen God at any time ; But if we love one another , God dwelleth in us : And that affection of love , is principally commended in Women . And therefore they may bee called the Temples of God. It is true indeed ( which Salomon saies : ) the Heaven , and the Heavens of Heavens , is unable to containe him ; much lesse the house which I have built . Which Saint Stephen confirmes in the Actes : The most high dwelleth not in Temples made with hands : But yet neither of them saith , that hee dwelleth not in Temples , made with his owne hands . For it is so plaine in Divinity , that Saint Paul wonders , the Corinthians could make a question of it : know yee not ( saith he ) that your bodie is the temple of the holy Ghost , As if hee should say ; If you know not this , you know nothing . Nay it is not only the Temple ( which is the house of Praier , in which the spirit makes petition for us , with sighes and grones that cannot be expressed ) but it is his private dwelling house , and supping roome : wherein Christ , both eates and is eaten . As he himselfe acknowledges in the Revelation . Behold , I stand at the doore , and knocke ; If any will open , I will come in and sup with him , and he with me . Moreover the materiall Temple , ( the place for Gods worship and honour ) to which the Woman is compared , was , at the first , but a house of Stone and builded with hands : ( to which she may bee compared for forme and outward beautie : ) but the spirituall Temple , ( of which the former was but a figure , ) is a lively habitation , compacted and knit together with living stones : of which the principall and head stone of the corner , is our Saviour himself ; who was cut from the Mountain ( in Daniel ) without hands . Which living Temple , and Church of GOD , is also ( throughout the Canticles , and many other places of Divine Scripture and fathers , ) compared to a woman ; whom Christ cherisheth , commendeth , and espouseth . So that she is his Temple , both Typically and corporally . And , not onely a house of repose , for Man : but a conclave of rest , for GOD. Who though he account men his living Temples ; because he dwelieth in them spiritually , as well as in women , ( according to that of Salomon ; his delight is , to be with the children of men : ) yet , did he never dwell with any of them ( corporally , and in the flesh , ) so miraculously , as he did in the body of a woman , ( the blessed Virgin Mary : ) whose womb was his place of repose : and whose armes were his cradle of rest , during his infancy . Then is she ( certainly ) not onely aedificium ; but , Templum Domini . Nay more , sapiens mulier aedificat domum suam ; a wise Woman ( saith Salomon the wise man ) buildeth her house : So that , she is both a building , and a builder too . You see now the manner of her making to be admirable , and rather miraculous , then his ; after the order and disposition of a building : being therefore made a house for Man ; and a Temple for GOD. But besides all this , seeing she is made [ auxilium ] a helpe for man , She must not resemble a fixed house for man to repaire unto only and repose in : but ( seeing his vocations are divers and call him everie where , ) to the end that shee may ubique auxiliari aid him wheresoever she is ; yet compared to another moveable building , ( none of the least , nor meanest , for art and workmanship ) which is like her own . And that most fitly ; by one of her sex ( a Queen , and Salomons Mother , ) I care not much if I give you a touch of it ( though a others have much more learnedly descanted on it , before : ) but I will bee the briefer . Similis est navibus Negotiatoriis , ( or Mercatoris : ) She is like ( saith she ) a Merchants ship , where , in the same chapter , from the Tenth verse , to the end of the chapter , ( nay ; as if it were the best matter , to end withall , ) she goes on through all the letters of the Hebrew alphabet , ( after the manner of Ieremiah , ) in the praise of Women , even untill the end of the whole book . But , like ( indeed ) she is unto a Shippe ; not onely in body ; but in use . For ( somewhat to fit her body , to it , ) there is an opinion of some , that the first Woman ( being made of a ribbe , ) was like it in shape and crookednes : wherein , she aptly resembled the compassing part of a Shippe . But , this old wifes fable is to be rejected : and , instead of that , is to be observed out of the old Anatomists , that the Spina or backbone of her body , ( from which the ribbes , like rafters , arise in a bending manner , ) was called Carina ; from the likenes it hath to the ke●le and sides of the ribbes of a Shippe ; the armes and legges elevated , resembling the sterne and foreshippe . And ( indeed ) much more resemblance is there ( to a Merchants shippe ) in a woman ; then in a man. For as a Merchants ship is of greater burden , and larger of receipt , then another : ( because of her traffique and cariage . ) So , the body of woman is of larger capacity , in the sides , and hath more roomes of stowrage , then that of Man. Moreover , a Merchants ship , although it be not so strong as others : yet , in respect of the use and benefit , it brings to the commonwealth ; it is more honourable : So , is the body of a woman , in respect of others ; To whom men are commanded to give honour ( by Saint Peter : ) in which place also , she is called a vessell or Shippe . She is like also in use and ornament : For , the Shippe is the storehouse of the Merchant , and the wife keepes the store of her husband . According to the speech of Zorobabel , in Esdras : do you not labour and travell , and g●ve , and bring all to women ? The Merchant trusts his credit to the safety of his Shippe : And , the husband his credit to the chastity of his Wife . A Merchants shippe , is a bark of traffique , not of warre : So , a Woman , is a vessell of peace ; and not of violence . A Merchants shippe , brings her food from f●rre : And , a woman , her portion , ( the substance of her husbands food ) from farre ; from another family , another shire ; nay , sometimes , another nation . A Shippe , is a defence against the waters of trouble in the Sea : And a woman against the fires of temptation , in the earth . A good Shippe ( the greatest of all creatures moveable in Sea or Land ) is easily turned with a very small stern : And , a good woman , ( not the least creature in the earth , ) is as soon moved with a little word . A Shippe goeth with her guider , for his safety whither all winds blow him : And a wife , with her husband for his comfort , whither all fortunes drive him . A shippe under saile , is the fairest sight in the Sea : And a woman modestly attired , is the delightfull est sight in the earth . Thus , you see ; both for profit and pleasure , she is like in all these , ( yea ; and many more , too long to remember . ) So that , it seemes , GOD having made Man , to live and exercise his calling on Sea and Land , provided for him a wife , that should both resemble a shippe , and a house : an habitation for Man on earth ; and , a Temple for GOD in Heaven . More hath been added by others ; wherfore , I will end this with the Etymology , of a shippe , out of Isidore Hispalensis : Navim dictam ( saith he ) eo qu●● Gnavum rectorem quaerat , It is called a shippe , because it requires a well tried Pilot , to guide it : that is ( saith he ) a skilfull , wise , and valiant guide , to direct and lead it safe through the dangers and chances of the Sea : so ( certainly ) a good woman doth consequently require a good and honest guide ; a loving and carefull husband ; whose providence , ought to provide for her ; and , in her , for himself , against all the storms and chances of this troublesome Se● of the World : Which , n● doubt , ( if it might so ofte● happen , as it is hoped for , an● desired , ) we should not hear so many , and lamentable complaints , of such , as for want of skill , have violently shipwracked both fame , credit , and substance , altogether . But of this enough . Let us , now we have seen the Manner , inquire what Form and beauty , this aedifice , and glorious frame , carries . For Templum also hath not his name in vaine , it comes [ ● Tuendo , ] from to behold ; from whence , is derived [ Contemplari , ] seriously to contemplate or advise . And certainly , this beautious building carrieth such a grace and Majesty with it , that as the Epigram hath it , Spectator quicunque venit , decedit amator : Aut illum virtus , aut tua forma capit : Who comes to view ; thy look , a lover makes him : Either thy vertue , or thy beauty , takes him . Let us therefore examine , what form it carieth ; and to what use , it is so built ; that it may , in some sort , appeare , how it can justly claim so great praise and Commendation . CAP. V. FIRST ( then ) in generall , for the form . It was given of GOD ; Forma , DEI manus ( saith Ovid. ) Therefore , it must needs be excellent . In all other workes , the workman gives the form ad placitum : but here ; ad imaginem : in this , the workman gave his own form to his own worke . So , she was made secundum Imaginem DEI ; according to the Image of GOD. Which ( although by Saint Ambrose and some others , it be faintly denied , yet ) Zanchius ( fortified with the opinions of Iraeneus , Iustinus , Tertullian , and others ) doth set down the creation of woman , to be in the image of God , as well as mans ; These Fathers ( saith he ) are of opinion , that the Sonne of GOD , ( from the creation of the World , ) was wont to take unto him the form of a humane body ; and in that , to appeare and speak to the Fathers ; to wrestle with ●acob , &c. as it is plain in the Scriptures : and that , when he was to make Adam , he then first of all took that form , and made Man according to that bodily shape , that he himself , then ware , &c. and that the Same CHRIST , in the same form ( from a ribbe of Adams , ) made also the woman . Besides , more plainly , in his Book of the Image of GOD ; in the Thesis , that begins homo fuit totus factus , &c. he saith , when I say [ Homo fuit , ] that Man was wholly made in the Image of GOD ; I do not onely comprehend man , but woman also . And , afterwards he qualifies many objections , ( together with that opinion of Saint Ambrose ) shewing wherein he was mistaken . We may see now , who gave the form ; and , according to what module and patern she was made : namely ; after Gods own image ; which is most perfect . But , whether this building ( for the Form ) were square ; like a castle , or cornerd like a triangle : or round ; like a tower : or , like a Roman H. according to most of our modern aedifices , is partly questionable . To this , must be answered ; that it is made in all the Geometricall proportions , that are , or can be imagined : For , as all Numbers and proportions , for measure , ( both of inches , spannes , digits , cubits , feet , &c. ) are derived from the members , and dimensions of the humane body : so is also the body answerable to all proportions , buildings , and figures , that are . Not onely answerable ( I say ) to the whole world , ( of which it is an epitome ) but , for the most part , to every particular figure , character , building and fabrick , in the World. Those two , the first and last proportions are : the one imperfect , mortall , feminine ; The other , immortall , perfect , masculine ; and twixt them both a Quadrat was the base ; proportioned equally by seaven & nine . Nine was the circle , set in Heavens place ; all which compacted made a goodly Diapase . Besides these proportions , which in the Geometricall art signifie things both divine , and humane ( as you have heard ; ) there is scarce a figure , or character of a letter ) in the whole Alphabet ( which are the grounds and elements of all Arts , and Sciences , whatsoever ) but may be aptly figured and expressed by some Station , metion , or action of the Body . All which were too long to particularize : but hee that will make an ingenious triall may soone see the truth of it . And all these forms are expressible in the body of Woman and man , equally . But among al the buildings of our time , a Roman H. seemes to bee in greatest accompt . Which letter notwithstanding ( in most languages ) is not a letter of weight , but only a note of aspiration , or breathing : From whence a man ( that would let no occasion escape , to warne him of his mortality ) might easily observe , that all buildings , honors , and riches , ( which the world seems most to imitate and rejoyce in ) are but an H. a note or marke of breathing ; a signe and figure of frailty : which in the least stopping of the breath , passeth away , and falles againe into the earth , from whence it was taken . But of all letters , it is the hardest for the body of man or Woman , alone of it selfe to imitate an H. For it consists of two severall disjunct , parts of letters : that is to say of two II : both which are signes of the singular and first person ; and are of themselves , both good formes of building too , but unles there come some-what , that ( after a friendly manner ) may joyne them together , they both still remaine singular and alone : and the building can never come into its desired and beautifull forme . Wherefore , if either man or woman , ( being alone and built according to the singular and first person I ) doe desire to change for a better : There is no better way to establish and make them most firmely grow into this well approved forme , then ( by the love of their hearts ) to reach each other their hands in direct sinceritie , thus , I — I : And let the even and straight course of marriage , fully and firmely establish them into one letter , H. Which not only by uniting of two bodies , makes them e●ven : but by bringing them into the forme of this letter H , makes their eaven , Heaven : if they continue in the love , which first joyned them : which is , indeed Heaven upon earth . We see now ( by this , that hath bin said ) that the forme of this building is not bound to any one particular figure , or fashion . And good reason is there : for if God hath given man such a wit and understanding , to build his earthly habitations and houses in so divers squares , rounds , angles , and corners ; no doubt , but the house which hee himselfe would build for the honour of his name , should containe them all ; and as farre surpasse them , as the worke of God doth the worke of man. Seeing therefore , to circumscribe the forme to certaine limits , were but to disgrace the worke : wee will not compare it in particular to any one thing , but speaking generally ( as of a curious building ) follow the Allegory of a house . Which name , it naturally ( without any crushing ) deriveth from the word in Scripture , [ Aedificium ] a building . Omnia Aedificia ( saith Isidore ) All buildings consist of three parts : Dispositio ( id est , fundamentorum descriptio : ) the foundation . Secondly , [ Constructio , laterum & altitudinis ] the erecting of the frame with the sides , and the knitting of the joynts , and the top-cover for the strength , and safeguard of all . And lastly ; [ venustas ] the beauty and ornament : whereby it is made , not only profitable for use , but pleasant and delightfull to the sight . Hitherto therefore , what I have said of the forme , may as well be referred to the body of man , as Woman ; so as yet she is but Mulier homo ; and all one with him . But in these three parts ( last recited ) growes the difference ; which makes for her great commendation . First then ; wee will begin ( like workemen ) at Fundamentorum descriptio , the foundation : and afterwards discourse of framing the sides : and lastly , of the ornament . Fundamentum ; The foundation is the lowest part of any building , the use being to sustaine the rest . But in foundations there is much difference : For they are not alwayes , either of one matter , or of one forme : For sometimes the foundation is of stone , when the building is of brick : and sometimes of brick , when the building is of Timber . For the forme , it is sometime made Pyramidically ( broad below , and narrow upwards ) and sometimes of an equall breadth throughout . But of all foundations , that is the surest , that is of the same matter and substance , with the whole building ; bee it stone or brick : ( for wooden foundations , are not aedifices , but cottages . ) And that forme is most firme and faire , ( both by common opinion , experience , and rules of art ) that standeth upon arches . In this building therefore , if wee will declare it to bee perfect ; we must see if it bee all of one substance , from the foundation : and whether the foundation stand after that forme , or no. First , to prove the foundation of this divine building to bee all one with the rest , for substance and matter , from the top to the toe , were easie out of Genesis : but , even in nature it is sufficiently showne . For if you observe , by that time the foundation riseth but knee height , it hath so great affinity with the head , that the eyes ( as Bateman on Bartholomeus observes ) are most inclined and soonest weepe , when the body is bowed and rests upon the bended knees : ( so great a Sympathy is there betweene them ! ) which affection ( as he supposes ) growes from this : that because they lay neerest together in the wombe : therefore there is such love between them . But I suppose it is because they are all of one matter : which comes next to be examined . The faithfull are compared by our Saviour , to a house built upon a rock . As if that foundation were surest that were built on a rocke . Stone ( or rocke ) is the hardest part of the earth , and is answerable to bones , ( in Microcosmus , or the little earth of the humane body , ) as I have shewed before . So that , as stone is preferred before sand in the earth : so bone ▪ is preferred before fl●sh in the body , as the firmest foundation . Of great bones , are the thighes and legges ( which are the foundation ) made : Nay , of the greatest bones ( saith Magirus ) which for forme , ( like two white pillars of Ivorie covered and interlaced with flesh and blewish veines , resembling the pretie rivers in purest Marble ) doe support and beare up the whole body , with an equall distance . According to that in the Canticles , Thy legs are like pillars of marble , set upon sockets of fine gold . And againe , As golden pillars are upon Sockets of Silver ; so are faire feet with a constant minde . Where , in the same booke , she her selfe is called a pillar to rest upon . These pillars ( I say ● with a comely proportion , beare up the whole body , like a curious arch : whose joynts are compared to jewells , the worke of the hand of a cunning workeman , by Solomon in the Canticles . But here is the difference ; that these pillars are more large and faire in women , then those that support the bodies of men . And not only so in humane bodies ; but almost generally in all brute beasts , and creatures of the earth : whose females ( for the most part ) are larger then the males . The reason ( for the largenesse and firmenesse of this foundation , above that of mans ) may be easily gathered from the observation of the Constructio , the frame or fabrick of the rest of her body : to to which , by order we are come : For as the greater the house , and the weight thereof is , the more firme and strong the foundation ought to bee : So womans body , ( being a more large and spacious building ) requires a more round and solid support , to uphold and beare it . For the female body hath in it not only all the roomes and divisions in the male body , but diverse others besides that he hath not : And it is made of purpose , so large and faire ; not to bee a weight , trouble , or burden unto her ; but that shee might with more ease containe and cary that burden , which shall after grow into so faire an aedifice as her selfe . Shee is therefore so largely made , with so many more roomes then the masculine building ; because shee must containe another house within her , with an unruly ghest , and all provision necessarie for him . The particulars of which I leave to the Anatomists , who have not only attributed this faire smoothnesse , and large spatiousnesse of body ( which is both beautifull and commendable in all creatures ) to Women alone : but ( as I have said ) even to many females among beasts : but especially to all female fish ) which for forme and beauty , farre surpasse the males . But besides all this , there is in the construction of this building another thing , that is to all buildings both a great grace and commodity ; and that is in the house of Almas thus described by Spencer : But all the liquor that was foule and waste ; Not good nor serviceable , else for ought : They in an other great round vessell plast ; Till by a conduit pipe , i● thence was brought . And all the r●st , that no you was and nought , By secret wayes ( that non● might it espye ) Whas close conceiv'd , and 〈◊〉 the backe gate brought That cleped was Porte Esqu●●line ; whereby It was avoided quite , an● throwne out privily . From whence appeares , not only the excellency of the worke , but the care of the workman to adorne it , and preserve the modestie thereof , that it might be found more faire and beautifull , then the other . From the fabrick therefore of the foundation and body , let us ascend to the head : to the which we must passe by the neck . Which rising in comely manner out of the body of the building , is compared ( in the Canticles ) to a tower . Thy neck is like the tower of David : And ( in the seventh chapter , verse the fourth ) they neck is like a tower of Ivory . Upon the top whereof standes the head , like a faire turret , to cover all ; and so it is called by Spencer . Up to a stately Turret she them brought , Ascending by tenne steps of Alablaster wrought : For so he cals the joynt bones in the necke . But for the description of the Turret it selfe , Spencer ( going on in the same place ) shall save me a labor . The roofe thereof was arched over head , And deckt with flowers , and harbours daintily : Two goodly Beacons , set in watches stead , Therein gave light and flam'd continually . For they of living fire , most subtilly Were made , and set in silver sockets bright ; Covered with lidds devis'd of Substance slie , That readily they shut and open might ; Oh who can tell the praises of that Makers might ! Ne can I tell , ne can I stay to tell , This parts great workemanship and wondrous power , That all this earthly worlds worke doth excell , And likest is unto that heavenly tower , That God hath built for his own blessed bower . &c. There is besides ( not farre above ) a description of the teeth : which he compares to so many watchmen in silver armour ; which ( for brevity ) I omit ; and onely remember this , that Plinie observes them to be fewer and lesser in women ; to shew , that they are neither gluttonous , nor biting creatures . One thing more I wil adde viz ▪ in this turret ; the description of the cover ; which ( being composed of most delicate , and almost indistinguishable threeds ) shew like a thatch of gold , to allure the eyes and the hearts of the beholders : yea the king is tied in the rafters ; saith Salomon . Which cover , is so ample , and so providently made ; that ( at pleasure ) it may be tucked up ( to discover the whole frame , ) and againe let downe , ( to hide i● and the modesty thereof from any lustful & too curious eye ) which use is confirmed unto them , by S. Paul , who saith it is given them for a covering ▪ Which speach give answere unto that madde conceit of Hilarius Drudus : who sayes Womens long haires were given unto them , to no other end , but that their husbands might find som●what to bind and hold them by , while they beat them . But S. Paul saies , it was for a covering . And thus much briefly for the Foundation , and the Construction of the Womans body : which is ( as Salomon saies ) in stature like the Palme tree . I haste to the Venustas or ornament , Exitus acta probat , saith the proverbe : the end proves the worke : And Cicero compares a man that hath lived well , and is carelesse to dye well , to a negligent comoedian ; that hath plaied well at the beginning ; and is out at the latter end . This imputation cannot be laid to the workman of this building : For as hee began well ( laying the foundation firmely , and raising the sides largely ; ) so hath he finished it with ornaments as beautifully ; and such as are not to be found or equalled in men . All beauty ( saith Agrippa ) is of three sorts ; either Corporall , Vocall , or spirituall . All which , if we search , we shall find to agree in one ; to adde grace to this excellent building . First then let us contemplate on that which first offers it selfe to our view ; the beauty corporall : Having ( as I said ) made the frame more large , he gave unto it a more pure and amiable colour : And it is not one of the slightest observations , to consider what colour the body of this building carrieth . Seeing Pyhagoras was of opinion : that the diversitie of colours proceeded from the severall conditions and dispositions of the body . So that if the body bee inclined ( by nature ) to deeds of evill , it is sadly and dully coloured : if to bloud●shed and wrong ; it is ruddie & high coloured . So on the contrary : if to innocency and vertue , it shines and appeares in the pure colour of the body . From whence Plato held , that colour was nothing else , but a flame sent from the body , proportionable to the substance that owes it , and the eye that viewes it . But the colour in her , is expressed by Propertius . Lilia non dominâ sunt magis alba meâ . The Lillies are not whiter then my love . Yet Solomon ( one of the best men in all the world ; whom the Queene of Saba came so far but to see ) was not like one of them , in all his royalty . Which pure snowie colour ( the very embleme and hieroglyphick of innocency and purity , is not ( in them ) artificiall . ( For , Nudus amor , formae non amat artificem , Plaine love affects not beauty made by art : ) But it is naturall : as the former word [ Alba ] carries it . Album naturâ : Candidum , curâ fit . To this colour there is added a generall smoothnesse over the whole building ; both of them excelling men . So that , it seemes , the whole frame is no other , but a peece of pol●sht Ivory . Which only gave occasion to the Tale of Pygmalion , and his Image in Ovid. From whence Sabinus picks this observation ( upon the same place : ) that a wife of so excellent a forme , must needs bee the guift of God. This faire smoothnes ( which in all workes is an excellent and singular commendation ) will show the fairer in Woman ; if it bee but compared with the rude shape of man : who ( for the most part ) is overgrowne and rough , ( like the rude and hairy beasts of the field . ) Neither hath he the rest of his dimensions , so round , soft , smooth , or ample : But in his joynts , muscles , and sinews , is more shrunke , hard , and dryed . So as her fabrick shewes rather as a new building ; and his , like a thing decayed by the weather . And this for the generall beauty of the frame : but for the particular Symmetry of every severall part : I will not meddle any further , then only to speake of those parts ( briefly and modestly ) which they themselves lay open ; namely , of the face , hands , and breasts . First the very front or Face of this building ( that first meets with the eye ) confounds it and will scarce suffer it to looke any further . Certainly , God not only made her body an epitome of the Earth , for proportion ; but her face also an epitome of Heaven for beauty : which like some cleare glasse ( or mirror ) being turned upwards towards heaven , presents it selfe wholly full of heavenly figures : The round forehead resembling the bowing orbes ; the eye browes , the rainebowes ; the eyes , the starres and plan●ts ; the red and white of the cheekes , resemble the faire discoloured clouds ; the frownes resemble stormes ; and the smiles faire weather . If heaven therefore be beautifull , that face ( which in so small a compasse containes it ) must needs be faire indeed . And this proves beauty to be heavenly , and the daughter of the highest : For ( as saith Anacharsis ) the greatest gift that God gave man , was beauty : For it delighteth the eye , contenteth the minde , and winneth good will and favour of all men . So that if there were no more but this ; A beautifull countenance is a silent and sufficient commendation of it selfe . Beauty ( saith Plato ) is a Privilege and prerogative of nature , which hapneth but to a few . It is therefore worth the having , seeing it is a privilege , and but a few have it . Amongst whom , of all creatures , women seeme to bee the true owners of it . For though there be a certaine generall beauty in all creatures , ( as they are made by God , and serve to adorne the whole universe : ) Yet the chiefest and most delightfull to the heart of man , is that of Woman ; which hath in it two qualities : For it not only delights , and warmes , ( like the Sunne : ) but ( sometimes ) to the resisters , and violent contemners , it burnes and consumes , ( like lightning : ) according to that of Guevarra ; An honest woman ( beautifull ) killeth with her countenance . And justly are they so punished : seeing hee , which is a foe to beauty , is an enemie to nature . Beauty corporall is generally , a good and proportionable agreeing coherence , and compacture of all the severall parts of the body in one fairenesse ; as it doth especially in woman . But in particular , it shineth no where so ample , as in the face and countenance : wherein ( as Laurentius saies ) the beams of the divine Majesty so shine that all other creatures tremble at it , especially in Women : for in them all men admire : and love it : and all creatures else feare and tremble at it ( like as at fire from Heaven : ) nay the Lyon ( the most fierce amongst others ) feares it and rages more against men then Women : as giving more honour and reverence unto their countenance . For the glory is so great ; that as the Sunne when it ariseth upon the high places of the Lord , so is the beauty of a good Wife , the ornament of her house . And as the cleere light is upon the holy candlesticke ; so is the beautie of her face in a ripe age ; The Symmetrie , and powerfull splendor whereof , hath not only a property , by opening the hearts of the beholders , to make them discover their owne secrets ( as we have examples enow in Scripture , by Sampson &c. ) but it is the discoverer of it selfe and the most secret affections , dispositions , and passions of it owne heart . Vultus est animi Imago ; the countenance is the Image of the mind saith Cicero : And in another place : Frons est animi Ianua ; the brow is the gate of the mind , so that the gate lets forth the Image ; that you may soone see what the mind is . If therefore the Image of the mind , and the gate it stands in , be so faire ; surely the mind it selfe in Women ( which is the Spirituall beauty ) must needs be faire and heavenly : yea though they should deny it to be so , with their owne tongues , or any detractor , for them , Vultus loquitur quodcunque negas : the very beauty of the countenance it selfe would convince them , and declare it lowder . But as in the Heaven , the Sunne and Moone ( the greatest lightes ) beare greatest sway ; and make greatest show : so in the countenance , the Eyes sparkle forth greatest beauty , and declare most the effects of our mind . Oculos natura nobis dedit , &c. Nature ( saith Tully ) hath given us eyes ; ( as she hath given eares to Horses , Lions &c. ) that they may declare the motion of our mind . Oculus , Lu●erna corporis : the eye is the light of the Body : and indeed not only the light wherby we see what is in others , but the light whereby others see what is in us . For ( as Salomon saieth ) a wise mans eyes are in his head ; but the eyes of a foole are in the foure corners of the World ; and rowling every way : So that ( it seemes ) Wisdome , folly , anger , pleasure , griefe , envy , mirth , sadnesse , chastity or whoredome , appear not fromus , in any one part so apparantly , as in the eye , nay in Women ( in whom indeed they are fairest and most powerfull ) they do shew certaine signes of Barrennesse , and Fruitfulnesse , which ( in that Sex ) is greatly to be respected , as Aristotle testifieth . But as they discover much in themselves ; so have they a very great power in ruling the affections of others . For from their beames ( saith Iohannes de Baptista porta ) proceeds health or sicknesse , love or hate , life , or death to the object that they view , according as they earnestly behold it ( either in love or hate : ) Nescio quisteneros oculus mihi fascinat agnos ( saith Virgill : ) And the same is confirmed by Plutarch : for ( as he saith ) The eyes of faire and beautifull Women , kindle fire ( like the Sun ) in the very hearts and soules of their lovers ; though they looke not on them but a farre off . From whence grew ( no doubt ) the opinion of Strato ( the Philosopher ) who held that the commanding part of the Soule , remained betweene the Eyes : seeing that he saw so great power in them , and their affection . But if I should write of all the particular beauties in Womens faces , I should draw this part ( which even already growes too long ) much farther then it ought . Wherefore to conclude this point ; take the generall commendation of the face ( out of Laurentius ) thus : In the face onely is the particular seat of all the five Senses ( because it is called the Image of the mind ) For in the ●rowes , loftines ; in the Cheekes , grace ; in the Chin , majesty ; in the Forehead , wisedome ; in the Visage , beautie ; and in the Cheekes and Chin , honesty dwelleth : in it is the difference of Age and Sex , and the signes of life and death to be perceived , and it is this alone , that allures and winnes the eyes of all men : Therfore it cannot chuse but be very beautifull . I will but even touch the hands and breasts , and then proceed to the beauty vocall . The instrument of instruments ( the Hand ) as it is of singular use in the body : sodeserves it in Women , as singular observation & commendation . For nature delivering man nacked into the world ; ( neither armed with hoofe or tooth for his defence ) gave him yet two things , wherein he is armed far more excellently , then any other creature ; that is to say , the mind and the hand . The one to advise , the other to execute . And indeed , if we curiously advise with the Palmisters , we shall finde the Minde written in the Hand . For in the lines and circles thereof , ( like our nativity in the Starres ) is set downe , the manner of our dispositions ( bee they good or bad . ) Moreover , as the minde is written in the hand : so is it a fit companion of the mind . For we may observe it to bee the chiefe agent , and best interpreter of our words and meaning : which with lively action it sets forth and expresses in such sort ; that if the tongue were missing , it would most aptly supply the place . For with it we call unto us ; we give leave to depart ; wee command ; wee intreat ; wee threaten ; wee promise ; wee salute ; wee strike ; wee give ; wee receive ; wee make ; wee destroy ; wee defend ; wee offend : so that it is ( in the morall of a building ) like the guard for defence ; the Vsher for entertainment ; the servant for imploment ; the Cater for the provision ; and the Cooke of the provision . This excellent and necessary part , is in Women ; much more delicate then in man : and hath qualities equall to all his , and some farre above them : For she doth not only such grosser workes and actions of meaner estimation , as well as he : but expresseth all musicke , with as swift motion and performance ( together with such arts and works of curicsity ) by reason of the slender softnesse and nimblenesse of her hand ; as are too hote for his fingers . But one thing more I will observe ( out of Agrippa ) from the hand , for the greater commendation of this creatures purenesse and innocency , ( a gift given unto them inseparable , even in nature : ) that let men wash their hands never so often , they shall still foule and trouble the water : But let a Woman wash them ( but once ) cleane , and she shall after foule it no more . To conclude this point : the hand ( among the Aegyptians ) was a Hieroglyphick of fortitude . And therefore they that require [ auxilium ] helpe , tooke hold of the right hand ; ( not of the left ) which was a figure and pledge of faith : to which may be alluded ; that as Woman was made [ auxilium commodum ] a fit faithfull and right hand help , for man in all his vocation : So it is even expressed in her by nature . For ( as Plin● and Hippocrates observe ) though many men are often times wholly left-handed , women are very seldome so , or never at all . For the last ( I meane ) the breasts . As in medio consistit virtus ; so between the head and hands of this building , remaines to bee spoken of the Breasts , the beautifull and vertuous springs and fountaines , that not only adde beauty , but utility to the whole aedifice . The best commendation of a house ; is , that it stand in a good aire , and be well watered . The first of these is observed to bee in this building , out of the etymology of her name , ( by Bartholdus ) Mulier quasi mollis aer propter puritatem ; a sweet and pure aire . And the second is made good in the office of her brests : which are the springs and conduit heads , which are commended in their forme ; their place ; and their use . First for their forme : they are round : a figure most capable of all others ; and fittest for them ; seeing they must containe ( like fountaines ) moysture for nourishment . And they resemble in making two little hills , or mounts , pleasantly garnished with disparted and streaming veines ; on whose tops arise the conduit heads ( in hew like Strawberries : ) from whence proceed the streames so much commended , both for food and physick . This forme ( imitating the world ) is very beautifull . From the observation of which , the skilfull beholder shall not only distinguish the difference of Sex ; but also of age and health in women ; as Laurentius noteth . Secondly , for the place : they are not set in the lower parts of the body , ( as in other creatures ) but ( to preserve modesty , and for comelinesse sake ) in the very breast nere the head , and right against the heart . For this cause ( as Plutarch saith ) that women ( being most loving and tenderly affected to their children ) might at their greater ease , in the earnestnesse of their love , both feed with their milke , imbrace with their armes , and kisse with their lips their children at one time together : which they could not doe were they placed elsewhere . Lastly , for their use . First , they are to feed : and to that end , they are indeed with milke , and such as no other creature hath . For there is no milke ( whatsoever ) so nourishing , and cherishing in effect , nor so sweet and honied in taste , as that of a Woman . Which milke , it is possible for them to have without the help of man , ( as Hippocrates affirmes . ) So that , seeing shee is compared in Ecclesiasticus , to a possession : and in the Proverbs , preferred before a possession ; she may well be likened to that holy habitation and possession , ( the land of Promise ) which flowed with milke and hony : or , with honied milke , which was promised to those that feared God : For shee also ( being so indued ) is both the gift and promise of God : Whose breasts have the properties of a Possession also : First , to feed , ( as I have said : ) Secondly , to Defend ; for with their round fleshinesse , they protect and preserve the Heart from outward stormes , more safely then those in m●n . Thirdly , they do adorne the habitation : And therein not only give delight , but satisfaction to man. So that as a man , content with his owne possession , which he hath obtained from the Lord ; he neither can , or ought desire more . ( Which is well advised by Solomon in the Proverbs ; ) Rejoyce with the wife of thy youth , &c. Let her breasts satisfie thee at all times , and delight in her love continually . So that both delight , profit , and satisfaction , proceeds from this forme others : as is declared sufficiently in the description of the beauty of her face , hands , and breasts . And thus much for the beauty Corporall . For the beauty Vocall , which is in Women . It is such as makes them no whit inferiour ( but rather superiour ) to men . And it is of good consequence for their commendation . First then ( in generall ) for the voyce : Though it have neither dimensions , proportion , or substance , ( whereby it may be seen or felt : ) yet is it like another face and visage in man ; and hath many of the same properties . For it not only ( like the face ) distinguishes man from beast : But man from man ; and man from woman : who ( being not in sight ) are as well knowne by their voice as countenance ; and much sooner : ( as Pliny testifies . ) Moreover , it is so singular an ornament to the body ; that Zeno Cittieus was wont to say , Vocem esse formae florem : that the voyse was the very flower ( or chiefest grace ) of a good forme : For the eloquence of the voyce , commends the forme , as much as the forme commends eloquence : Nay , it not only sets forth the forme ; but declares the disposition as well as the face : For a soft , gentle , and tender voyce , declare a gentle , tender , and tractable Soule , and affection in the body that owes it : as that excellent Scholar ( Michael Scot ) hath well observed . Wherefore , the voyce in women ( being much more gentle , tender , and delicate , then in men ) declares , that in the modesty , gentleness , and sweetnesse of affection , they far surpasse them . Which may be observed even in this : that men also ( while they are in their child-hood and infancy , free from unbridled affections , full of tendernesse and pitie ) are voiced like women ; whom ( in disposition ) they resemble : But ( being once growne to more hardnesse , and inclined to more unbridled immodesty ) they change their voyce with their manners : Which is observed not to happen to women : whose voice continues still in their first purenesse and innocency . Moreover , man hath no use of his voyce , that woman hath not , and as excellently : For , First , her eloquence is as sweet and plentifull . Secondly , her speach more pleasant , and fluent . And good reason : For seeing her tongue is her chiefest weapon of defence : therefore she ought to handle it the readiest . Lastly , their skill in Musicke hath not beene meanely praised by divers : But their meanes of expressing their skill , ( especiall , in voyce ) so far excells above that of mans ; that all they are said but to Faine , that seeke to imitate it . Wherefore Ovid , ( that well knew what gave an especiall ornament to a good corporall forme ) above all things advised women ( who are so angel like voyced ) to learne by musicks rules , to order it : Seeing , in his opinion , it gives them much grace : which hee expresses in these verses : Res est blanda canor ; discant cantare puellae : Pro facie , multies vox sua , Laena fuit . To sing is good : learne that ( in any case : ) The voyce hath oft beene broaker to the face . Lastly , I should ( with like brevity ) speake of the beauty spirituall , and inward . At the fairenesse whereof , you may ghesse by the Physiognomie of the face , and the rest : But because I intend to speake of their vertues ( which is the true beauty inward ) by it selfe ; I will referre you thither . And ( to make this corporall and vocall beauty compleat with the forme ) see if it hold good with the description of an absolute beauty , in Paulo Lamazo , ( who was a cunning Painter , and could well judge of beauty . ) Beauty ( saith he ) is compleat in forme ; motion , and action , of head , feet , and hands For the forme , you have already heard what it is : For the motion , I will only translate you a peece of Agrippa , ( who joynes it to the forme , and stands wondring at it : ) Adde to these ( saith he ) their modest pace and gate ; their more comely behaviour ; their more worthy carriage ; together with the whole Symmetry ; and order of their whole body , in figure and habit , every way most beautifull . Not any sight , in all the order of Creatures , being so miraculous ; nor any miracle , so worthy the sight : so that any ( but a blind man ) may see how God himselfe hath gathered together what beauty the whole world is capable of , and placed it in woman , that all creatures should stand amazed ; and ( for many causes ) should love and honour her : insomuch that not onely men , but incorporate spirits have very often most earnestly affected , and doted on their beauties . Which is not a false opinion , but a truth confirmed by many experiments . Thus far , Agrippa . If then , a large , spacious , and faire building , where nothing is scanted , nor any uncomelinesse seene ; but all the pillars , nerves , joynts , and cover , have their full measure , smoothnesse , and roundnesse , in the amplest manner : the eyes , fuller ; the cover , larger ; the face , fairer ; the gate and gesture , more modest , and comely : If ( I say ) all these may bee preferred before a narrow , rough , and scantie cottage ; then may her body bee preferred and commended before his ; whose joynts , sinews , and muscles , are more shrunk ; and whose bones and ribbes , ( for want of soft flesh to cloath them ) are more discovered through the whole body , then hers . Which thing is well knowne to the best and most judicious workemen : who ( if they intend to draw a perfect figure indeed ) take their dimensions from the womans body ; and not from the mans . Which is ( in truth ) the fairest ; and , though much more hard , to imitate ; yet much more pleasant to behold . And this for the beauty Corporall and Vocall . There remaines the use , that redounds unto man for them both : Which is ( as most things else that are for his sake ) of two sorts , ( Pleasure and Profit . ) From the voyce ; in the musicke thereof ( to which no other is comparable ) hee receives much pleasure . And though other creatures ( as birds ) are indued with musicall tunes and voices ( in their severall kinds ) for his delight : yet he receives not the pleasure of communication , with sence and reason from any of them , but from woman onely : yea much profit . For from their voyce men learne to frame their owne , to be understood of others . For in our infancy , we learne our language from them . Which men ( therein not ingratefull ) have justly termed our Mother tongue : but for the Profits and Commodities that proceed from their Body ( omitting the pleasure that it gives in the beautious forme ) they are so great , that Pliny is amazed to write them , and holds them rather miracles , than effects of Nature : some few I will recite from him . First for the roof ( or cover ) of this house ( the haire ) which ( like Philemons thatch of gold ) covers a Temple where the Gods abide , it is of much vertue : For though men lay the fault on woman , for being over familiar with the serpent in the beginning , yet not only ( at that time ) was it promised , that her off-spring should break the serpents head for amends : But ( at this day ) the haire of her head , ( being sacrificed in fire ) the very smoake thereof drives away all Serpents from the place ( saith Pliny . ) Secondly , seeing many mischances and wounds in this world happen unto miserable man ( who will yet bee called and accompted womans head ; ) there is a remedy even from her head appointed for him . The ashes of a womans haire cures the wounds in the head : Nay , it is so speciall a cure for man ( as he describes it ) that it heales even contraries for his sake . For it takes away the flesh of wartes , and excrescences in the body , and ( contrariwise ) adds and fills up with flesh hollow and eating ulcers . Moreover , from the milke of the Breasts , proceeds not only nourishment to children , but helpe and medicine , both to the eyes and body of man : Yea even to dumb and reasonlesse creatures : For if but a dog tast of it , he will never runne mad . I omit not only the generall benefit , by the most necessary difference of Sex. But many other things to the Physitians : whom it better becomes to dispute thereof . Concluding this point still with the same Pliny , who observes her body to be so naturally inclined to do good to man ; that if any thing do but touch her ; it shall bee a medicine for him : For he affirmes , that if the head be but bound with a womans haire-lace , it presently cureth , ( or much abateth ) the grievous paine of the head-ach . Thus have you heard in the description of the forme , what it is like , how beautifull , both Corporally and vocally : And lastly , how helpefull in use to man. Which Section , you must pardon in the length ; for this argument hath caused others to write whole volumes ; and therefore a few leaves may well be forgiven me . CAP. VI. THE next ( that comes in order to be handled ) is the name . First then , that it may appeare , that this observation of the Name , is no idle nor unnecessary commendations to the Sex : I will ( first ) in generall deliver what the Civill law , and the Nations themselves ( both Iewes and Gentiles have thought of names , their force , and vertue . The Civill law hath a rule : Condemn ari nemo debet , antequam nomen ejus delatum sit : None ought to bee condemned , before his name bee knowne . And their reason is ; quia nomina plerumque referunt mores illorum , quibus induntur : because names ( for the most part ) doe expresse the condition of the person , on whom they be imposed . This reason ( being by much experience ) knowne true ; hath made the wisest parents among the Nations , to have great care in giving of Names : and as great respect to names given . Among the Gentiles , the Romanes , ( the most Famous ) gave not the names ( of Caesar , Cicero , Caligula , Scaevola &c. without sōe speciall outward , or inward observation of the quality , or appearance of the Person : And to names given , they had as great respect . For ( as Pliny saith ) every fifth yeare , they sought out , with great care , persons ( whose names were of good and happy signification ) to present their Sacrifices . More particularly : In giving of names , they observed time and number . First , for the time : They were wont ( as Plutarch testifies ) to impose names sooner on women children , then on men : and their reason was , ( as he seemes to affirme ) because they came soonest to ●ipenesse and perfection . Which seemes to bee granted by the Civill , and common Lawyers : For they make them capable of inheritance , marriage and dower , ( with other benefits of Law ) sooner , then men ; as being sooner usefull in body and minde , then they : Which Agrippa observes to be no small benefit in nature , ( or commendation ) unto them . Secondly , for the Number , which they gave : They were unto men ( for the most part ) three : as Quintus , Fabius , Maximus : Quintus , Horat. Flaccus , &c. but women ( ordinarily ) had but two : as Claudia Aemyliana , ( as the same Plutarch affirmes . ) Peradventure , observing the rule of Pythagoras , who held the odde number to bee Masculine ; and the eaven , Foeminine . From whence hee drew a good admonition for the women of his time ; that , in all their actions , they should be eaven and square ; according to the eaven and just number of their names . But ( howsoever the Roman Gentiles did ordaine : ) it is plaine , that the ancient Iewes , from the beginning , gave great respect to names , from the example of Adam himselfe . For , the first thing ( wherin God would try the wisedome of the man , that hee had newly made ) was in giving of names . For it is said : that the Lord brought all the creatures before the man , to see how he would call them : Who ( giving them apt names , according to their natures ) did therein first expresse ( as S. Chrysostom observes , ) the great wisedome and knowledge given unto him by God , in his creation . Since whence , the discreet Parents of the Iewes , from the Spirit of prophesie , ( or morall reason ) have strove to give names unto their children of such signification , as they knew they would be , or desired they should be in their life and manners . For example , some from their disposition as Esau ( rough ) Iacob ( a supplanter : ) Ierob●am ( resisting : ) Iudith ( praising . ) Some from Office or Calling ; as Aaron ( a teacher : ) Sarah ( a Lady : ) Some of Colour : as Edome ( red : ) Naomi ( beautifull . ) Some of accidents at birth : as Benoni ( the Sonne of my sorrow : ) Ichabad ( no glorie ; &c. ) And many other , which the Scriptures , in divers places take notice and make use of : As in Genesis : Was he not iustly called Iacob ? for he hath now deceived me these two times . And in Samuel , Nabal is his name ; and folly is with him : Whereby may be perceived , that they had alwayes ( both in the gift and the use ) speciall respect to names , and their significations . And indeed , he that will observe the care was had for the giving of names in the old Law : yea , and from the beginning of the world , when men were most industrious , ) he shall easily ( out of the very name almost of every particular man , or person ) read his disposition , and the whole story of his life ; they are so full of prophetical mysteries . It seemes then ( both by profane and divine observation ) that names both dignifie the persons , and expresse the qualities . Wherefore we must thinke , that woman ( in the making of whom God expressed so much art ) cannot also want a name of as great excellency , to adorne her ; and of as vertuous signification , to expresse her . Wherefore ( in discoursing this ornament of name ) I will observe but these three branches ; and that which shall naturally spread it selfe from them . First , who gave the name . Secondly , when it was given . Thirdly , what it was . All which though they seeme in particular to adorne and commend the first Woman only ; upon whom they were bestowed personally and at the first : yet ( as the oyntment , that was powred on Aarons head , went downe to the skirts of his garments : ) And as the first names and natures , which were given to the first creatures , of heaven and earth , ( yea and to man ) do still continue unto all their kind unto this day : So all those names , dispositions , offices and honours , ( imposed on the first woman , in her Creation ) doe still descend ( as hereditary glories ) unto all her daughters unto this day . First therfore to begin with the person , that gave the name . It was not a woman , ( who might , perchance , have favoured her owne Sex : ) but it was Adam ; the Man himselfe ( that you may see , there was no partiality to hinder the honour it gives her . ) For had hee found any evill in her nature or espied the least fault , or inconvenience , in her disposition ; it is likely he would have left it in her name perpetually ; & given her such a one , as should have expressed some such vices , as men doe ( at this day ) with singular delight , lay on all the Sex , ( as derived from their first mother ) and would ( no doubt ) have quickly found a time to cast it in her teeth . As may easily be gathered from the after story : Wher , when hee knew not how to excuse his own disobedience ; hee could espy a mote in her eye , at the first dash , and cast all the blame on the poore woman , ( who if she offended her husband , did it ( as some think ) in kindnesse , ( finding the fruit faire : ) and not of maliciousnesse ( finding the evill : ) For her eyes were not opened , till shee had eaten . But Adam , being at that time ( when he married her ) a man of the best wisedome and eavennesse , ( as one into whom God himselfe had newly breathed his spirit of understanding and judgement ) imposed upon her a name : which out of the depth of his owne knowledge , he well perceived , shee both well deserved , and best fitted her disposition : as wee shall see hereafter . So that the person ( naming her ) being of the contrary Sex ; and one that would not spare her faults , even before God , but would have told him to his face ; The woman that thou gavest me , did it : It may seeme there was small favour : but that it was given even as the truth constrained . If Adam ( after his fall ) had likewise had the naming of himselfe ; ( as he had of his wife : ) no doubt , but that he would have dealt better with himselfe , then to have beene called Adam , ( Earth : ) But God , to curb his pride , imposed that name first on him ; when there was none else to name him . That ( thinking humbly of himselfe ) without despising of the rest , he might give due names , ( and therein honours ) unto others , according to their natures and dispositions , without partiality . Adam then ( the first man ) gave the name unto the first woman . But the reason why he ( rather then the Lord that made her ) should doe it , seemes ( unto some ) to be this ; that the man , in naming her himselfe with a good and significant name , ( according as hee knew , shee deserved ) should have the greater guilt and sinne ; if that ( at any time after ) he should either miscall , or mis-intreat her . Albeit others thinke , that hee thereby expressed himselfe to have greater authority over her . But by that rule , some women might claime authority over men : seeing it is evident in Scriptures , ( and elsewhere ) that women have more oftner given names to men ; then men to women : ( as is plaine in Genesis , Iudges , and Ruth , &c. ) And it is more then probable ; that as the man named the first woman ( that was made after him : ) so the woman named the first man , that was borne after her : For the text saies , Shee bore Caine , ( that is , a possession : ) and said , I have obtained a man of the Lord. It should seeme then , by her interpreting of his name , that shee her selfe had given it unto him : ( As may bee seene in the examples of Leah and Rachel ; who named the twelve Patriarchs ; and in the daughter of Ely ; and in the mother of Samuel . All which ( having the privilege of naming their sonnes ) gave them names of signification , and expressed afterwards the reasons that induced them so to doe : as Eva in like manner had done before them . If therefore , man may claime authority over woman , by naming the first that was made : Shee may claime also preheminence over man , by naming the first that was borne . So that here you see , first ; who it was that gave the name , MAN. Secondly , that he was one who understood what hee did . Thirdly , unpartiall on her ●ide . And fourthly , that by giving it , he bound himselfe to observe her . Secondly , I observe the time , when he gave her name . It was not at once ; but as her name was of two sorts , ( the one , of the Genus [ α Woman : ] the other of the Species [ Eva : ] ) so hee gave it at two times , and upon severall occasions , after sufficient tryall and deliberation . The first was the last name he gave to any thing before his fall : And the last was the first name , he gave to any thing after his fall . So that in his felicity his last care , and in his misery , his first care was for the woman . Neither of her names was given by chance , or suddenly ; but by good advice , and after good consideration : As Adam himselfe would have you know ; when hee sets downe his reasons for them both : ( as hee did not in naming any thing else before : To the first name , his reasons goe before ; and to the second , they come after . For where he first calls her Woman , these words following [ because she was taken out of man ] are not the reason ; but the explanation of the reason , which goes before : which are these words , [ This is bone of my bone , and flesh of my flesh : ] For when God had brought her to him ; he first viewed her , and beheld her well ; and when hee could finde no fault : but that ( according to Gods promise before ) she was Commodum auxilium , in all things : the very consideration , that shee was also bone of his bone , and flesh of his flesh , grew to bee the reason of her name ; which hee ( after ) explanes , in saying : She was taken out of man. This reason therefore goes before the first name of her Sex : to shew , that Adam ( before hee named her ) had a great care to view and consider her nature and disposition ; ere hee could finde so apt a name , and so full of mysterie to adorne her . Which till hee had well advised , he gave not . For the β second , ( which was her proper name ) it was imposed on her after the fall . And the reason for it , is rendred by Adam ( after he had called her by it , and not before : ) as if hee did acknowledge that name to bee made to his hand , and without his study . And therefore hee sets the reason after it . For , when God had given a promise of life , in the seed of the Woman : hee could easily conclude to call her , the Mother of the c living . So that both were given to dignifie her , in respect of the time . For as to her first name , Adam , before his fall , in his innocency , and greatest perfection , ( when he enjoyed his owne free will ) tooke great deliberation before hee gave it : So for her second name , after his fall , ( and in his weaknesse ) God himselfe helped him with a reason ; that it might bee as mysticall as the other . From these circumstances of the Time , I observe these three things . First , in that her two names were last , before the fall ; and the first , after the fall , ( which man tooke no care to bestow with such consideration upon any other creature , ) there appeares ( as I have said ) the care and love he had to his Wife , ( both in his happinesse , as a Companion of his joy : and in his unhappinesse , as a comfort in his misery : ) his minde being ( first and last ) on her . Wherein he shewed a good precedent for all his children , ( even to this day ) of love and respect towards their wives . Which , if it were well observed ; no doubt , but the quiet and golden world of time , would againe returne unto us . Secondly , in that he gave not her first Name , ( when he himselfe was in perfection ) without good deliberation ; and then such a one as much dignified her : hee may herein teach the rest of his Sonnes , ( if they will ever strive to perfection ) that they never miscall ; or give other names unto women : ( especially unto their wives ) but such as shall dignifie and adorne them . Thirdly , and lastly ; as hee presumed not to give the second name unto her after his fall , ( and in his sinne and weaknesse ; when his understanding was more darkned ) till he perceived good reason from God ; ( in that she was the Mother of life : ) so would hee teach his children in these latter dayes , ( so full of sinne and bould ignorance ) not to presume in giving any Titles unto that Sex : but such as may ( according to Gods first ordinance ) declare them to be , not only the ordinary givers , in our selves : but the continuers ( of our life and name ) in our children and posterity ; till Adam and Eve rise againe to meet their off-spring . Lastly , ( for the names themselves : ) they were of two sorts , ( as I said before , ) Isha and Eva : The one generall to her Sex : the other , proper to her Person : Yet both having relation to the posterity of her Sex ; as well as Ish and Adam have , to the posterity of his Sex. In these two names , are contained two mysteries : the one , of of this life : the other of the life to come . But ( first ) of the Etymology of these names ; and ( after ) of the mysteries . We will begin ( first ) with that which was given her first : and that was Isha , being a name ( if wee respect but the bare Etymology ) derived in the foeminine gender , from Ish , the name of man , according to the Hebrewes . Which names , Tremellius doth hardly expresse ( in Latine ) otherwise then by Vir and Vira : And is faine to make an improper word , to shew their neerenesse in Hebrew . Wee in English , to expresse the force of it , may as properly say ( Man , and Mannesse : ) or indeed , Man and Mann's ; ) that is , belonging to man : For so it comes neerest . For it properly signifies , not a Woman alone : but the woman of the man , ( or mans woman ; or wife : ) But the word which we translate for it , is woman : being ( as the other ) the name of the Sex ; and is significant enough of it selfe : As we shall see after . Notwithstanding the first originall name ( in Hebrew ) is most of all to bee considered : because it was the first and most significant : And that was written , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Isha . In the giving of which , Adam strove to shew the singular neerenesse betweene man and woman : and ( therein ) sufficiently shewed the force and strength of his wisedome . For he seriously considered , ( ere he named her ) from whence shee was taken ; for what purpose ; for whom ; and whither shee must returne . Shee was taken from his side ; for a helper for him ; and to his side she must returne , [ They shall be two in one flesh . ] So that he must forsake father and mother for her . Therefore hee concluded , shee should bee Isha ; joyning her unto his owne name , by adding but one letter ; ( as God had added and joyned her unto his body , by taking but one Ribbe . ) So that as her body was taken from , and joyned unto his , by God : so her name was taken from , and joyned unto his by himselfe . To shew , how well hee did approve of Gods goodnesse unto him in this blessing . Wherein ( as I said ) hee strove to shew how neerely , and how firmely , man and woman are conjoyned : which cannot sufficiently in one word be rendred by any language , so well as the Hebrew . But among the rest , our language comes not farthest behind , in expressing it to the first sense . For as he is Ish , ( of whose name Isha ( the woman ) is formed : ) So we say , shee is Isha ( the woman ; or Womb-man : ) out of whose wombe , man is formed : For that is our old orthography , as Verstegan witnesses . To which I could adde ( if it bee lawfull ) a new orthography for woman , in the plurall number ; and write , not women ; but wee-men , according to our pronuntiation . Seeing indeed we are the same , and all of one peece . And this will offend none , but such as will have them derived from woe , and call them wo-men : because they thinke it was long of them wee fell . In which they beleeve they have got a notable argument against them . But till I come to answere this , let them stay their stomacks with this old rime : How ill did hee his Grammar skan , That call'd a Woman woe to man ? For ( contrary ) who doth not know , Women from men receive their woe ? Yet love men too : but what 's their gaines ? Poore Soules ! but travaile for their paines : Then let them all ( in this ) agree : 'T is woe from man ; if woe it bee . It should seeme ( then ) the name is not so full of woe and despite , as they would make it : For the name of Woman hath been held so honourable and helpfull , ( even in our owne Nation ) that the highest dignity , that can bee bestowed on that Sex ( amongst us , ) is expressed only in that name . For Queene ( or Quena , as Verstegan writes it ) signifies but Isha , a Woman , or wife ) and that is all . But ( to proceed to the originall , Isha : ) In it , man and woman are so neerely joyned , and made one ; that it cannot bee to us a disgrace , ( no more then for our father Adam ) to call them wee-men ; and all one with us , chiefly if wee consider of how great excellency the name is ; and how great a mystery it containes : For ( besides all this beforesaid ; which may bee gathered out of the neerenesse , and very sound of the names ; ) Adam had a further respect : For in this name hee contained a mystery . And such a mystery as containes many other mysteries within it . Amongst the which , the mystery of Christs love to his Church , is none of the least : which the Apostle calls , Magnum mysterium . And that is compared to a Marriage . No marriage more perfect ; nor no couple so justly kept it , as that ; and those whom God himselfe personally made . And that was the first : which Adam ( considering ) did ( in his wives name ) comprehend all the Duties of marriage . To which the conjunction of Christ and his Church , is mystically compared . So that as her Body being taken out of his , became a more excellent body then his : So her Name ( being taken from his ) became a more Mysticall name then his : for from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ( Isha ) may mystically be gathered : First , the Author of marriage . Secondly , the Persons . Thirdly , the duties : Fourthly , what may best continue it . And fifthly , what may dissolve and breake it . Of all these in particular , briefly , and first of the Author . The Hebrew Cabalists have observed that ( in the composition of Isha 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) Adam took two essentiall letters of the great and divine name [ JEHOVAH ] that is to say 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and : and two other , out of his own name ( 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 : ) of which ( mingled and put together ) he framed and made a Name for his wife . In which ( by this conjunction ) he expressed both from whence she was taken , and who gave her unto him : therby declaring her to be taken from Man and acknowledging JEHOVAH to bee the Author and sanctifier of this marriage and conjunction betweene him and his wife . For without the helpe of those two letters ( 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) Ish and Isha , could not be joyned into one name . So that in her name ( thus framed ) the Author of this , and all other marriages , is set downe to be the Lord JEHOVAH ; who ioyneth both together : without whom Isha cannot consist , nor any marriage or conjunction bee lawful or blessed . Secondly , the Persons in marriage , are here expressed to bee Ish and Isha [ man or woman ] both knit in one name by Adam ; as they were knit in marriage by JEHOVAH . But if we will know more particularly of what quality the persons in mariage ought to bee ; wee must examine what the estates of the first two were , wherein wee shall find . First their Freedome . Secondly their Perfection . Thirdly their Age. Fourthly their Condition . First : Ish and Isha were free persons and uncontracted , before GOD joyned them . For man could not find a wife for himselfe , untill GOD made him one ; who ( though bone of his bone ; ) Yet none of his Wife , till GOD gave her . And therefore Free. So should also the conditions of after-marriages bee : Man should seeke for his Ribb , ( for his Flesh and Bone , ) yet keepe himselfe free and uncontracted , till GOD bring one ( as free ) to give him . Secondly , Ish and Isha were perfect Man and woman ; both for Age , Stature , and health . For as S. Augustine holds , they were created in that health , strength , and stature of body , which wee attaine unto at thirty ( our best age . ) From whence is taught the perfection of that state , as being a thing unfit for the sicke , weake , or Impotent . Thirdly , Ish and Isha were neere one age , and hee but a little the older . Which teacheth the Equality of age in marriage . Age and youth ( in extreames ) must not match ; yet the man ought to bee somewhat the older ; but not much . For the yong Woman , that is wedded to an aged man , is not a married wife ; but a married widdow . So that the persons must not bee children under age ; nor those that are twice children for age . Lastly , Ish and Isha were naked , & were not ashamed . Both their minds were so free from Sinne , as their bodies were from imperfection or fault . Therefore they needed not blush at meeting . From whence wee my learne , in what naked truth and plaine simplicity , mariages ought to be made in the sight of GOD : neither of them seeking ( by dissimulation ) to cloake or cover any cause or imperfection that should justly hinder , or barre that holy Conjunction . But as Ish and Isha were married in the same nakednesse they were made ; so they may also be conjoyned in that naked innocency and modesty of mind and body , as they were borne . From whence also , they may learne , how peaceably they ought to behave themselves in this holy estate ; without fighting or unquiet striving ; For Ish and Isha were naked . Man was made so , and men are borne so : Nos nudi creati sumus ad nem●nem laedendum , saith Zan●hius : Wee were made naked , that we should hurt no body . They that meet and imbrace naked , uncloathed , and unarmed , can intend no hurt , for they are ( neither of them , ) fit to strike or defend . Therefore when the married remember their first parents were made so , married so , and themselves borne so ; they should live in all love , and peaceable concord with themselves : For GOD hath neither made nor given them meanes to hurt each other . For the married are joyned by love . And though Ovid say , Militat omnis amans : I rather thinke he meanes , Militat omnis amens : For Propertius held the truth . Pacis ( Amor ) deus est , pacem veneramur amantes . Love is a God of peace , and lovers love the peace : Therefore all strife and contention , whereby peace may be broke or hindered , must be banished . Thirdly , in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the Duties of marriage are contained : Which duties are ( generally & chiefly ) two , Love & Propaga●ion of children : both exprest by Commodum auxilium . Love is first , and seasons all the rest . And it is properly the marieds vertue ; as Fortitude , is the Souldiers ; Temperance the Magistrates ; and Iustice the Princes . And this duty is expressed by Adam himselfe , when hee saith : that for her , Man shall leave father and mother , and cleave to his wife ; and they shall be both one flesh : And therefore he closed them both in one name : to shew that their love ( that drew them together into one conjunction , from all others ) should never part : But that they should continue together in one perpetuall bond and Society , as they were taught by their names ; which are both tied and knit into one in the Name of JEHOVAH the Lord. God is love ; and the Nam● of God hath made their names one . Which teacheth them , that there ought to be that love of God , ( and godly love ) between them , as should keep them alwayes in best affection together . For the other duty of Procreation , injoyned them by the command of ( increase and multiplie : ) it is herein contained and expressed . For as her name [ Isha ] ( though it was taken out of his name Ish ) containes his also : So her body ( though it was taken out of his ) containes his also by propagation of the same kind . For as the woman is of the man ; so is the man also by the woman , saith S. Paul. Which is well expressed in our English Orthography , before named , of womb-man : not dissenting from that of the Prophet ; Mulier circundabit virum . Which ( though it was specially meant of our Saviour and the B. Virgin ; yet ) is it literally true in nature . For all men are contained , bred , and propagated in women ; which is expressed in this name ; Isha : which ( in like manner ) comprehendeth his Name . Fourthly , in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is contained , what may best continue marriage , in the most commendable perfection : And that is unity . Of which they shall alwayes be remembred , if they doe but looke on the Womans name . For ( as I said ) Gods power made their bodies one flesh by conjunction : and Gods name made their names , one name , by interposition . God is unity : And unity conjoyned them : so that , if they doe but consider , that ( in their conversation ) God is in the midst of them , it shall alwayes bee a meanes for them , to walk as in his presence , without contention , in all concord and unity : Which is able to establish and confirme their holy conjunction , in all peaceable and happy continuance unto the end . Fifthly , and lastly ; there may be gathered from this name , ( if it bee well considered ) what may dissolve and unknit this holy knot of marriage . And that is ( the opposite to unity , ) Discord : Which shall never overcome them , till God ( which is unity , ) withdraw himself from them . And this ( I say ) may bee gathered from the name of Isha , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . For take from thence , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ( the two essentiall letters of the high JEHOVAH ; which makes her Isha , of Ish : ) and there will remaine nothing but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ( Ignis ) fire : so take from Isha ( that is , from man and woman in marriage ) the essentiall and effectuall blessing of JEHOVAH ( the high GOD which preserves them in love and unity ) and there will remaine nothing , but fire and rage , di●cord , and jealous contention ; which will soone consume , dissolve , and disunite that holy band ; and leave them ( at the last ) in danger of fire eternall , to their everlasting condemnation . And as this name [ Isha ] cannot be divided , ( in taking Ish from Isha : ) but that the man shall remaine alone ; and the woman without a name : so cannot the firme knot ( wherein they were tied when it was given ) bee at any time ( through discord , or adultery ) disolved ; but the man shall remaine alone , and the Woman without a name ; at least without a good one . Thus you see how mysticall this first name [ Isha ] is ( the generall name of woman ; ) in that , thence may be gathered the Author , Persons , and Duties of marriage ; what may best continue it ; and what dissolve it . A name impo●ed upon her by Adams natural and humane reason ; and therefore ( though excellent and significant , yet ) it containes but a mystery of marriage : which is an estate but for this life : for in the life to come , they neither marrie , nor are given in marriage : as our Saviour saith . Wee will therefore speake but a word of the Second name , containing a mystery of the second life . Which name , though it was pronounced by man ; yet was the reason given by God , ere hee imposed it : And therefore more divine . Her second and proper name was Eva : For which if we will seeke Etymologies , wee shal finde enow , and their reasons . First , from our owne language of English , ( though it little concernes it ) Verstegan will have it , Eva , quasi Consimilis : [ Even ] the same as all one with her husband in office , and likenesse . Others ( in Latine ) Anagrammatize it from Eva , into Vae : because ( they say ) she was the cause of our woe . But * Peter Martyr thinks , that they are not well in their wits that say so : Ineptiunt , qui dicunt , ( saith he : ) Rather leaning to that of S. Bernard ▪ Eva , quasi Ave ; all haile : or rather , A vae , from woe : Belike alluding to that of the Angell Gabriel , who ( when he brought the newes from heaven of the womans seed , that was comming to breake the Serpents head ) began his salutation with a Ave [ or Eva ; ] to whom it was fir●t promised , and was now to bee performed , with an ( Ave ) all haile , all health : or an Avae , a cleare deliverance from all woe of ●inne and death . These conceits , derived from that tongue , let them that please , please themselves withall ; for my part , seeing Adam spake no Latine , I can hardly beleeve hee had any respect to this Etymology : but according to his owne tongue gave it , ( as he interprets it : ) because shee was the mother of all living . Shee is Eva then , quasi life , or living . Notwithstanding , ( not to dissent wholly from the former ) this name , and the force thereof , ( in effect ) is not improperly expressed in the former A' vae : For death ( being the end , to which all woe and sorrow tends ) hath ( for its opposite ) life : And Eva ( being life ) may well be turned into A' vae : because it resists , and expells woe ; which is the cause of death . But to come to Adams Hebrew Eva , whose own interpretation wee will take and follow : She is said by him to bee living ; or the Mother of the living . In which we see , that this name Eva , hath no coherence with either of both his , ( neither Ish nor Adam ; ) neither in sound , nor signification . Isha ( her first name indeed ) was taken from Ish , ( his first name ) which signifies lively heat , force , and vigour : But her second name [ Eva ; ] was not taken from his second name [ Adam ] which signifies but clay or earth . Somewhat was the cause ( then ) why shee was not called Adama ( of Adam ) as well , as Isha ( of Ish. ) If wee will find the cause , wee must goe backe to the Time. For wee said , that Isha was given before the fall , ( when man knew of no life , but the Present ; wherein he should never have died . ) And therefore ( in a mysticall fashion ) he framed a name for her , from the best of his ; to expresse their nere conjunction , and of fice , for that time ; beyond which , ( as then ) he saw not : But afterwards , when his eies were opened ; and that he perceived two lives , and two deaths before him ( the one temporall , the other eternall ; ) and no comfort of hope in either of their present names , ( for Isha could not serve ; shee was but a mystery of this life ; and Adam was earth ; and to earth must returne : ) Being therefore at a Non plus , God tells him the Womans seed shall breake the Serpents head . [ Christ ] shall overcome death , and give eternall life to his children . From whence , being inlightned , he readily concludes , she shall be ( not Adama , of the earth ; but ) Eva ; the mother of the living . From hence then , growes this name : From a reason given from God ; and an approving voyce from man. Which is ( indeed ) a mixture of He●ven , and earth , ( as it expresses it selfe : ) For the name which man gave himselfe , was but of this life : but when God shewed him of a life to come , he comprehended both in Eva. So that Eva is both the mother of the living on earth ; and of the life in Heaven . I am the life ( saith Christ : ) and Christ is the seed of the woman . So here is Heaven and Earth met : the Sonne of God , and the seed of the woman ; the life present , and the life to come . And this is the mystery which then was revealed , but as in a cloud : but since hath inlightned the whole world . Isha seemes ( now ) to bee of no stead ; seeing in Eva the present and future life is contained . The present life of man shee maintaines in procreation , and being the m●ther of the living : and the Future life , in being the mother of our Saviour ( who is the life it selfe . ) So that if we raise our selves into the contemplation of the life to come , ( signified in this name , Eva ) wee shall quite loose Isha . Mortality shall put on immortality : Isha shall bee translated into Eva. Women shal lose their name of Isha ; they shall put off the name of their Sex : But Eva ( the name of life ) they shall never lose . For in the life to come , they neither marrie , neither is there difference of Sex or Person ; but men and women shall receive like bodies , in eternall glory , according to the similitude of Angels . In which likenes and similitude , I leave them : And forbeare also to torment the Reader with any confutation of unsavory objections , brought against that Sex , by the raylipotent Linderach ( and others ) who ( it seemes ) have forgotten that they were ever borne of their Mothers . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A23301-e470 Gregory . Cicero . 1. Time. Gen. 2. Gen. 2. 2. Place . Gen 24. Iohn . 46. The Companie . Pliny . The Plenty . The vertue and efficacity . Arbor vitae . Beda . Zanchius . The Situationo . Nil amoenum mag●●ac Ferti●e , Ipsa Mesopotamia . Ezech. 27. 23. Adricom . Delphius . The Names of the p●ace . Mesopotamia . Heden . Isidore . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . S. Ambrose . Zanchius . Agrippa's conceit . Gen. 24. α Ecclus. 36. 22. 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Agrippa . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 〈…〉 Iosephus . Gen. 2. ●1 ▪ Magirus . Gen. 2. 23. It was a Bone. Magirus . Not a Bone alone , but with some flesh . And but of some flesh . Of a Rib. Costis , Yet but of one Rib. Zanchius . This Rib was taken from His side . a Martial . lib. 8. Ep. 12. Inferior Matrona suo sit , Sex te , marito ; Non aliter fiunt F●mina virq●e pares . Gen. 3. 19. Proverbs 31. 11 , 12. 4. 〈◊〉 The Barnacle . Anselme . Cor. Agripp●'s opinion . Struxit . Festus . Extruxit . Aedificavit . Isidore . Sext. Pompeius . Cor. Agrippa . Martial . Socrates . Festus . 1 Iohn . 4. 12. 1 Kings 8. 27. Acts 7. 48. Rom 8. Revel●t . 3. 20. Ephes ▪ 4. Coloss. 2. 1 Pet. 2. 4. 5. Daniel . ● . 34. a Mr Wilkinson , in white Hall at the Mariage of the L Hay , with Honoria , daughter to the L. Denny . 1606. Prov. 31. Ierem. in Threnis . 1 Pet. 3. 7. 1 Esdras 4. 22. Isidor . Hispal . 5. Form. 〈◊〉 Zanchius . Isidor . Bateman , in Bartholomaeum Anglicum . Mat. 7. Magirus . Cant. 5. Cant. 4. 4. 7. 4. Pliny . 1 Cor. 11. 15. Hilarius Drudus . Cicero . Agrippa . Corporeall beauty . Pythagoras . Plato . Propertius . Propert. Pygmalion . Sabinus . The beauty of the face . Anacharsis . Plato . Guevarra . The definition of Beauty of the Body . Am●reas Laurentius , Pliny . Eccle●ast , Cicero . Seneca . Cicero . Aristotle . Io. Bapt. Porta . Virgil. Plutarch . Strato . And. Laurentius . The beauty of the hand . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agrippa . Pliny & Hippocrates . The beauty of the breasts . Bartholdus . Plutarch . Hippocrates . Vocall beauty . Pliny . Mich. Scot. Ovid. Beauty spiritual . Paul Lamazo . Agrippa . The use of Beauty . Pliny . Philemon . Pliny . VI. Name . Plinie . Plutareh . Agrippa . Plutarch . Pythagoras . Gen. 2. 20. Chrysostome . Gen ●7 . 36. 1 Sam. 25. 25. Who gave the Name . Caine. Gen. 4. 1. When the name was given . α Isha . Gen. 2. 23. β ● Eva. c Chavah . Gen. 3. 20. ● ● . γ What the Name was . Isha ; from Ish. Tremellius , Woman or Wombe-man . Queen . I. woman , or wife . The Mystery in Isha . Mariage . In which , five things observable . The author of mariage . He , and lod . 〈◊〉 and Shinhe . He and lod . The persons joyned in marriage ▪ Ish & Isha . In whom 4 things are considerable ▪ Their freedome . 〈…〉 perfection . S. Aust. Their Age. Their condition . Zanchius . Ovid. Propertius . The Duties of marriage . Love. Gen. 2. 2● Procreation . 1Cor . 11. 12. Ier. 31. 22. What may best continue marriage in its perfection . What may dis●olve , & break off marriage . Iod , an● He. Esh , fire . 2. Heva , Ch●va , or Eve , Concerning these Etymologies ( which may seem ridiculous to some ) I desire the Reader to consider what le●rned M. Casa●on hath said : Ex●rcitat . 15 Num. 11. Mos fuit hi● veterum , sive Curiositas ( saith he ) ut in vocibus peregrinis , quarū non ignorarent Etymon , sa●gerent aliquid invenire , quod ●arum significationi accōmodarent Sic in dictionibus Hebraicis , Etyma Graca , aut etiam Latina , patres comminiscu●● ur : Non quòd veram orginem ignorent ( sicu● Mu●ti 〈◊〉 sibi persuadent , ) sed ex merâ illâ , quam d●xi , ●●riositate . And this he shewes b● instances of th● words , Iesus , Pascha , Levites , & Baptisma . * Peter Martyr . a Ave , Rectus s●ribi●● Have , id est , Vi●● ▪ uti monet lacobus Cuja●i●s , observationum lib. 1. cap. 15. E●iam Manutius testatur , 〈◊〉 , have , cum Aspiratione , in probatis libris , ac lapidibus , inveniri . Hebr. Chajah , id est , vixit , viguit . Inde Eve , vel pot●ùs Heva , vel Hebraicè , C●auvah , ab Adam● sic voc●ta , quòd è Costá viventis facta , Mater omnium viventium hominum futura ●it . Ioh. 14 Luk. 20. 36. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉