An account of the present war between the Venetians & Turk with the state of Candie (in a letter to the king, from Venice) / by the Earl of Castlemaine.
         Castlemaine, Roger Palmer, Earl of, 1634-1705.
      
       
         
           1666
        
      
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         A31229
         Wing C1239
         ESTC R7289
         12272613
         ocm 12272613
         58324
         
           
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             An account of the present war between the Venetians & Turk with the state of Candie (in a letter to the king, from Venice) / by the Earl of Castlemaine.
             Castlemaine, Roger Palmer, Earl of, 1634-1705.
          
           [18], 93, [1] p. : 2 maps, port.
           
             Printed by J.M. for H. Herringman ...,
             London :
             1666.
          
           
             First ed. Cf. NUC pre-1956.
             Reproduction of original in Harvard University Libraries.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Venice (Italy) -- History -- Turkish Wars, 17th century.
           Hērakleion (Greece)
        
      
    
     
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               The
               Right
               honble
               :
               Roger
               Earle
               of
               Castlemayne
               Baron
               of
               Limbrick
               .
               etc.
               
            
             portrait
          
        
      
       
         
         
           AN
           ACCOUNT
           Of
           the
           Present
           WAR
           Between
           the
           VENETIANS
           &
           TVRK
           ;
           WITH
           THE
           STATE
           of
           CANDIE
           :
           (
           In
           a
           Letter
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           from
           Venice
           .
           )
        
         
           By
           the
           EARL
           of
           CASTLEMAINE
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             J.
             M.
          
           for
           
             H.
             Herringman
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Anchor
           on
           the
           Lower
           Walk
           of
           the
           New-Exchange
           .
           1666.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           THE
           KING
           .
        
         
           
             Gracious
             Sovereign
             ,
          
        
         
           I
           Sent
           Your
           Majesty
           this
           Account
           at
           my
           Return
           from
           Candie
           ,
           emboldened
           by
           the
           Orders
           You
           were
           pleased
           to
           give
           me
           (
           when
           
           I
           left
           England
           )
           to
           acquiant
           You
           with
           all
           I
           found
           New
           abroad
           ;
           and
           this
           I
           could
           by
           no
           means
           call
           Old
           ,
           seeing
           to
           me
           the
           Cause
           and
           Progress
           of
           the
           War
           was
           altogether
           unknown
           .
           From
           You
           (
           
             Great
             Sir
          
           )
           it
           had
           a
           gracious
           Acceptance
           ,
           and
           from
           You
           again
           it
           begs
           Reception
           ,
           since
           by
           Your
           Commands
           it
           is
           now
           made
           Publique
           :
           
           Nor
           will
           Your
           People
           be
           unwilling
           to
           hear
           how
           miraculously
           Christendom
           is
           Defended
           against
           the
           Common
           Enemy
           of
           our
           Faith
           and
           Peace
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           that
           
             Man
             of
             Sin
             that
             exalteth
             himself
             against
             all
             that
             is
             called
             God
          
           ;
           and
           that
           
             great
             Leviathan
          
           ,
           whose
           Teeth
           are
           thought
           so
           terrible
           ;
           yet
           in
           his
           
           Nostrils
           there
           is
           fix'd
           a
           Hook
           :
           For
           certainly
           never
           did
           Providence
           more
           plainly
           appear
           ,
           then
           in
           giving
           Bounds
           to
           this
           Monster
           at
           Sea
           ,
           where
           had
           he
           been
           but
           ordinarily
           Victorious
           ,
           with
           terrour
           he
           had
           appeared
           at
           their
           Doors
           ,
           to
           whom
           now
           his
           Name
           is
           hardly
           known
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           in
           the
           Deep
           he
           has
           seen
           Gods
           Wonders
           ,
           
           and
           where
           he
           never
           had
           the
           least
           Success
           ,
           though
           that
           be
           the
           Grand
           Argument
           of
           his
           Belief
           and
           Doctrine
           .
        
         
           That
           Memorable
           Battel
           of
           Lepanto
           made
           him
           then
           know
           ,
           That
           our
           Vnited
           Force
           could
           stop
           his
           Fury
           ;
           But
           now
           the
           Victories
           at
           
             Fogies
             ,
             Nixia
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Dardanels
           ,
           have
           
           apparently
           proclaim'd
           his
           weakness
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Venetians
           themselves
           are
           more
           then
           Match
           for
           him
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           past
           my
           reach
           (
           
             Sacred
             Sir
          
           )
           to
           find
           in
           Humane
           Reason
           how
           Men
           so
           approvedly
           Stout
           as
           these
           Infidels
           are
           ,
           and
           not
           unacquainted
           with
           Maritime
           Affairs
           ,
           should
           always
           so
           degenerate
           at
           Sea
           ,
           as
           
           to
           seem
           contemptible
           to
           half
           their
           Number
           ,
           who
           have
           no
           extraordinary
           Traffique
           to
           make
           them
           more
           Experienc'd
           then
           themselves
           :
           Nay
           ,
           which
           is
           yet
           more
           wonderful
           ,
           Why
           should
           the
           Apostates
           that
           command
           these
           Ships
           (
           who
           were
           ,
           whilst
           Christians
           ,
           admired
           for
           their
           Valour
           and
           Conduct
           )
           turn
           presently
           inconsiderable
           ,
           as
           if
           
           with
           their
           Faith
           they
           became
           Bankrupts
           of
           their
           Natural
           Talents
           too
           !
        
         
           The
           Pyrats
           of
           
             Tripoli
             ,
             Tunis
          
           ,
           and
           Algiers
           ,
           do
           far
           excell
           all
           other
           Turks
           in
           Vessels
           ;
           nor
           put
           they
           one
           scarce
           out
           whose
           Officers
           are
           not
           Renegades
           ,
           of
           eminence
           in
           their
           respective
           Professions
           ,
           and
           drawn
           thither
           by
           the
           great
           assurance
           of
           Gain
           
           and
           Profit
           .
           Yet
           about
           Ten
           Years
           since
           ,
           Sixteen
           of
           the
           best
           of
           these
           (
           sent
           as
           Auxiliaries
           to
           Constantinople
           )
           were
           ruined
           by
           
             Lazaro
             Mocinigo
          
           (
           that
           thrice
           worthy
           General
           )
           with
           the
           
             Armata
             Sottile
          
           ,
           his
           Fleet
           at
           Oars
           only
           :
           when
           as
           one
           Ship
           of
           the
           Republiques
           has
           in
           a
           dead
           Calm
           destroy'd
           as
           many
           of
           the
           Enemies
           
           Gallies
           ,
           as
           he
           had
           then
           to
           oppose
           these
           Rovers
           .
        
         
           Nothing
           (
           
             Mighty
             Prince
          
           )
           but
           this
           Christian
           State
           could
           ever
           Parallel
           You
           ,
           who
           have
           a
           Puissant
           Foe
           now
           on
           Your
           Hands
           ,
           and
           yet
           no
           noise
           of
           Drums
           within
           Your
           Streets
           :
           Your
           Enemy
           must
           be
           acknowledg'd
           also
           much
           to
           resemble
           
           theirs
           ,
           in
           commencing
           a
           War
           when
           't
           was
           least
           expected
           ,
           and
           presently
           forc'd
           to
           seek
           means
           of
           avoiding
           Fighting
           and
           Encounters
           .
        
         
           May
           You
           then
           Both
           be
           for
           ever
           Victorious
           ,
           as
           hitherto
           in
           all
           Engagements
           You
           have
           been
           ;
           For
           as
           Religion
           compels
           me
           to
           wish
           the
           one
           ,
           so
           the
           Laws
           of
           God
           and
           Man
           obliges
           
           me
           to
           the
           other
           ,
           as
           bearing
           the
           indelible
           Character
           of
        
         
           
             Your
             Majesties
             faithful
             and
             most
             obedient
             Subject
             ,
             CASTLEMAINE
             .
          
           
             London
             ,
             
               May
               23.
               1666.
               
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           
             Reader
             ,
          
        
         
           YOu
           have
           here
           a
           very
           exact
           Map
           of
           Candie
           (
           considering
           the
           bigness
           )
           with
           all
           its
           remarkable
           Places
           and
           Fortifications
           ,
           and
           also
           the
           manner
           how
           the
           Turks
           Attaqu'd
           it
           two
           several
           times
           .
           first
           on
           the
           East
           and
           South
           sides
           of
           the
           Town
           ,
           Anno
           1648.
           
           Secondly
           (
           because
           they
           found
           those
           places
           strong
           )
           on
           the
           West
           ,
           in
           1649.
           
           And
           lest
           you
           should
           confound
           the
           one
           with
           the
           other
           ,
           there
           is
           a
           ●●rick'd
           Line
           that
           passes
           between
           them
           .
           Nevertheless
           ,
           you
           must
           know
           ,
           That
           there
           was
           a
           Battery
           for
           a
           little
           while
           in
           the
           second
           Attaque
           against
           St.
           Demetrius
           Fort
           ,
           as
           you
           may
           see
           farther
           in
           the
           Explanation
           of
           the
           Map.
           And
           if
           all
           the
           Figures
           in
           it
           be
           not
           successively
           set
           down
           ,
           you
           must
           impute
           it
           to
           the
           Gravers
           mistaking
           my
           Directions
           :
           yet
           they
           will
           be
           sufficient
           to
           shew
           each
           Particular
           .
           If
           you
           think
           fit
           carefully
           to
           peruse
           the
           Map
           ,
           and
           its
           Explanation
           ,
           you
           will
           find
           it
           much
           conduc●
           to
           the
           History
           of
           the
           Siege
           .
           Remember
           also
           ,
           that
           the
           part
           of
           New-Candie
           in
           the
           East
           corner
           of
           the
           Map
           ,
           is
           part
           of
           the
           New
           Town
           which
           the
           Turks
           have
           built
           ,
           and
           where
           they
           now
           lye
           closely
           Besieging
           Candie
           ,
           having
           transferred
           their
           Leaguer
           from
           their
           Tents
           to
           this
           walled
           Town
           ,
           which
           is
           commodious
           enough
           ,
           and
           reasonably
           well
           built
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           Explanation
           of
           the
           Map
           of
           Candie
           .
        
         
           
             A
             The
             Castle
             to
             defend
             the
             Port.
             
          
           
             B
             The
             Port.
             
          
           
             C
             The
             Arsenal
             ,
             or
             Store-house
             to
             make
             and
             repair
             the
             Gallies
             .
          
           
             D
             The
             Gate
             Sabionera
             .
          
           
             E
             The
             Gate
             
               St.
               George
            
             .
          
           
             F
             The
             Gate
             Jesus
             .
          
           
             G
             The
             Gate
             Panigra
             .
          
           
             H
             The
             Gate
             
               St.
               Andrea
            
             .
          
           
             I
             The
             Gate
             Tramatta
             .
          
           
             K
             The
             Gate
             of
             the
             Mole
             .
          
           
             L
             The
             Bulwark
             Sabionera
             .
          
           
             M
             Bulwark
             Vitturi
             .
          
           
             N
             Bulwark
             Jesu
             .
          
           
             O
             Bulwark
             Martinengo
             .
          
           
             P
             Bulwark
             Bettelem
             .
          
           
             Q
             Bulwark
             Panigra
             .
          
           
             R
             Bulwark
             
               St.
               Andrea
            
             .
          
           
             S
             Mount
             of
             Sabionera
             .
          
           
             T
             M.
             of
             Vitturi
             .
          
           
             V
             M.
             of
             Martinengo
             .
          
        
         
           
             Out-Works
             .
          
           
             2
             Fort
             St.
             Demetrius
             .
          
           
             3
             Crepa
             Core.
             
          
           
             4
             Palma
             .
          
           
             5
             St.
             Maria.
             
          
           
             6
             Mocenigo
             .
          
           
             7
             Panigra
             .
          
           
             8
             Revelin
             St.
             Niccol●
          
           
             9
             Rev.
             Bettelem
             .
          
           
             10
             
               Half
               Moon
            
             Mocen●go
             .
          
           
             11
             Rev.
             Panigra
             .
          
           
             12
             Rev.
             St.
             Spirito
             .
          
           
             13
             Redoubt
             St.
             Andrew
          
        
         
           
             30
             The
             Turks
             Quarter
             in
             both
             the
             Attaques
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             first
             Attaque
             ,
             1648.
             
          
           
             31
             Battery
             against
             the
             Port.
             
          
           
             32
             Battery
             against
             the
             City
             ,
             Bulwark
             
               Vitturi
               ,
               Jesus
            
             ,
             and
             
               St.
               Demetrius
            
             Fort.
             
          
           
             33
             Batt
             .
             against
             
               St.
               Mary
            
             ,
             and
             Martinengo
             ,
             after
             removed
             to
             34.
             
          
           
             35
             Batt
             .
             against
             Palma
             ,
             and
             Vitturi
             ,
             after
             removed
             to
             36.
             
          
           
             37
             Batt
             .
             that
             made
             the
             Breach
             in
             
               St.
               Demetrius
            
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Palma
             was
             taken
             ,
             and
             in
             it
             a
             Battery
             raised
             against
             
               Crepa
               Core.
            
             
          
           
             There
             was
             a
             Battery
             raised
             on
             the
             Counterscarp
             which
             made
             the
             great
             Breach
             in
             Martinengo
             .
          
           
             ●
             The
             Approaches
             of
             
               Cussaim
               Bassa
            
             Chief
             Commander
             .
          
           
             ●
             The
             Aproaches
             of
             
               Assan
               Bassa
            
             .
          
           
             Breaches
             made
             by
             Mines
             were
             in
             
               Palma
               ,
               S.
               Mary
               ,
               Jesus
               ,
               S.
               Demetrius
               ,
            
             and
             Martinengo
             .
          
           
             In
             Jesu
             5
             Mines
             were
             Sprung
             ,
             and
             9
             countermined
             ;
             the
             breach
             was
             54
             Italian
             paces
             .
          
           
             In
             Martinengo
             7
             were
             Sprung
             ,
             and
             8
             countermined
             ;
             the
             Breach
             was
             84
             Italian
             paces
             .
             This
             place
             was
             taken
             by
             the
             Turks
             ,
             and
             maintained
             for
             seven
             hours
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             second
             Attaque
             was
             on
             the
             West
             side
             of
             the
             Town
             (
             as
             the
             former
             was
             on
             the
             East
             and
             South
             )
             :
             This
             began
             Aug.
             20.
             1649.
             and
             ended
             Octob.
             6.
             following
             ;
             and
             is
             distinguish'd
             from
             the
             first
             by
             a
             prick'd
             line
             between
             them
             .
             The
             Batteries
             in
             this
             Storm
             were
             against
             Mocenigo's
             Out-work
             ,
             Bettelem
             ,
             and
             Panigra
             :
             These
             
             Batteries
             are
             mark'd
             with
             Figures
             ,
             62
             ,
             63
             ,
             64
             ,
             65
             ,
             66.
             
          
           
             There
             was
             in
             this
             Attaque
             also
             a
             Battery
             against
             
               S.
               Demetrius
            
             ,
             (
             marked
             with
             fig.
             61.
             )
             but
             being
             repulsed
             there
             ,
             the
             chief
             fury
             of
             the
             Turks
             was
             during
             the
             Attaque
             against
             Mocenigo's
             Out-work
             ,
             which
             they
             took
             thrice
             ,
             but
             were
             driven
             out
             again
             with
             great
             loss
             of
             Men
             ,
             and
             eight
             Banners
             .
          
           
             
             68
             The
             Approaches
             of
             that
             Assault
             against
             
               S.
               Demetrius
            
             .
          
           
             70
             ,
             71
             ,
             72
             The
             several
             Approaches
             on
             the
             West
             side
             in
             this
             Assault
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           
             map of Kandi (Herakleion)
             
               The
               Cittie
               of
               Candy
            
             
               The
               Old
               Town
            
          
        
         
         
           
             map of eastern Mediterranean
             
               Mediterranean
               Sea.
               
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           
             May
             it
             please
             Your
             Majesty
             ,
          
        
         
           THE
           Kingdom
           of
           Candie
           ,
           since
           the
           taking
           of
           Rhodes
           and
           Cyprus
           ,
           has
           ever
           been
           the
           aim
           of
           the
           Ottoman
           Emperours
           ,
           to
           the
           end
           (
           the
           Christians
           having
           no
           harbour
           
           in
           the
           East
           )
           they
           might
           fall
           upon
           the
           West
           with
           all
           security
           and
           ease
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1645.
           (
           when
           the
           whole
           Christian
           World
           was
           at
           odds
           )
           Ibraim
           ,
           the
           Father
           of
           the
           present
           Monarch
           began
           this
           War
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           depth
           of
           a
           long
           Peace
           unexpectedly
           set
           upon
           the
           Venetians
           ,
           and
           made
           this
           the
           pretence
           of
           his
           Quarrel
           :
        
         
           It
           seems
           in
           their
           former
           Agreement
           (
           among
           many
           other
           Articles
           )
           the
           Republique
           did
           engage
           not
           to
           give
           shelter
           to
           the
           
           Knights
           of
           Malta
           in
           any
           of
           their
           Ports
           or
           Havens
           .
           In
           1644.
           it
           hapned
           that
           the
           Galleys
           of
           the
           Order
           took
           a
           Sultana
           ,
           who
           with
           three
           Millions
           of
           Crowns
           was
           going
           to
           pay
           her
           Vows
           at
           Mecha
           :
           These
           making
           homeward
           with
           this
           great
           Booty
           ,
           were
           constrained
           either
           for
           want
           of
           good
           weather
           ,
           or
           water
           ,
           by
           stealth
           to
           strike
           into
           a
           by-Port
           of
           Candie
           ;
           where
           (
           having
           put
           on
           Shore
           some
           Horses
           they
           had
           got
           )
           after
           Refreshment
           they
           safely
           returned
           to
           their
           own
           Isle
           .
        
         
         
           The
           year
           following
           the
           Turk
           provided
           a
           Fleet
           (
           in
           great
           and
           small
           )
           of
           460
           Sail
           ,
           protesting
           to
           the
           Senates
           Embassadour
           it
           was
           for
           Malta
           ;
           but
           when
           they
           had
           pass'd
           by
           ,
           neer
           as
           far
           as
           Sapienza
           ,
           they
           again
           tack't
           about
           ,
           and
           without
           the
           least
           Declaration
           of
           War
           ,
           landed
           Sixty
           thousand
           Men
           ,
           which
           presently
           sate
           down
           before
           Canea
           .
           The
           Republique
           being
           in
           this
           manner
           surprised
           ,
           provided
           for
           their
           defence
           as
           fast
           as
           they
           could
           ;
           yet
           before
           their
           Courage
           
           was
           awak'd
           they
           lost
           the
           whole
           Kingdom
           ,
           except
           the
           Metropolis
           Candie
           ,
           and
           three
           adjoining
           Insulets
           (
           of
           much
           value
           for
           their
           Ports
           )
           
             viz.
             Carabusa
             ,
             Spina
             longa
          
           ,
           and
           Suda
           .
           This
           prosperous
           Success
           made
           then
           the
           Grand
           Signior
           own
           the
           War
           ,
           laying
           openly
           the
           sheltering
           the
           Malteses
           to
           the
           charge
           of
           the
           Senate
           ;
           but
           had
           he
           received
           any
           check
           at
           the
           first
           ,
           't
           was
           privately
           decreed
           (
           to
           satisfie
           the
           Venetians
           )
           that
           the
           Captain
           Bassa
           should
           lose
           his
           Head
           ,
           as
           if
           the
           design
           
           had
           been
           his
           Capriccio
           ,
           without
           the
           least
           order
           for
           it
           .
        
         
           After
           the
           taking
           of
           Canea
           and
           Rhetimo
           ,
           they
           soon
           became
           Masters
           of
           the
           Field
           ,
           and
           in
           1648.
           began
           the
           Siege
           of
           Candie
           ,
           making
           then
           so
           furious
           an
           Onset
           ,
           that
           they
           entered
           the
           Breach
           ,
           and
           for
           seven
           hours
           were
           within
           the
           Town
           ;
           but
           the
           Valour
           of
           the
           Defendents
           beat
           them
           out
           again
           with
           infinite
           loss
           and
           damage
           .
           In
           Anno
           49.
           they
           made
           another
           Assault
           ,
           which
           proving
           vain
           ,
           they
           
           have
           now
           left
           off
           for
           ever
           the
           thought
           of
           winning
           the
           place
           by
           Storm
           .
        
         
           On
           a
           rising
           Ground
           (
           where
           formerly
           the
           Enemy
           pitch'd
           their
           Tents
           )
           neer
           three
           Miles
           from
           the
           Old
           ,
           they
           have
           built
           another
           Town
           ,
           which
           is
           called
           New-Candie
           ;
           here
           resides
           the
           Bassa
           ,
           and
           here
           have
           they
           fortified
           themselves
           ,
           blocking
           up
           the
           City
           ,
           so
           that
           there
           's
           now
           no
           Commerce
           but
           by
           Sea
           ,
           which
           sends
           yet
           plenty
           of
           all
           things
           that
           can
           be
           requisite
           or
           needful
           .
        
         
         
           If
           the
           Turk
           were
           prosperous
           here
           ,
           he
           had
           not
           the
           like
           Success
           in
           Dalmatia
           ;
           for
           this
           being
           neerer
           home
           ,
           the
           Venetians
           so
           got
           the
           start
           ,
           that
           they
           not
           only
           preserv'd
           their
           own
           ,
           but
           took
           whatever
           they
           design'd
           ,
           still
           beating
           all
           Supplies
           ,
           though
           thrice
           exceeding
           theirs
           in
           number
           .
           Of
           46
           places
           taken
           ,
           none
           was
           preserv'd
           but
           Clissa
           ;
           the
           rest
           they
           have
           destroyed
           ,
           leaving
           waste
           in
           bredth
           at
           least
           fifty
           miles
           ,
           and
           so
           along
           even
           to
           the
           Confines
           of
           Albania
           .
           The
           Towns
           
           upon
           the
           Shore
           (
           
             Zara
             ,
             Sebenico
             ,
             Trau
             ,
             Spalato
             ,
             Almissa
             ,
             Cataro
             ,
          
           and
           Budoa
           ,
           )
           being
           a
           defence
           for
           the
           Gulph
           ,
           they
           keep
           (
           as
           before
           )
           well
           Fortified
           :
           Nor
           has
           the
           Turk
           on
           the
           Sea-side
           but
           Narento
           ,
           and
           Castelnuovo
           ,
           both
           which
           are
           so
           shut
           up
           with
           the
           Gallies
           there
           on
           purpose
           attending
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           able
           by
           Pyracie
           to
           do
           no
           harm
           at
           all
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           War
           here
           began
           ,
           part
           of
           the
           Morlacks
           (
           who
           are
           Croats
           ,
           or
           Dalmatins
           ,
           but
           so
           called
           from
           
           the
           Hills
           where
           they
           lived
           )
           revolted
           from
           the
           Sultan
           ,
           and
           threw
           themselves
           into
           the
           Protection
           of
           the
           Republique
           :
           These
           ,
           though
           kindly
           received
           ,
           do
           not
           inhabite
           the
           Towns
           ,
           either
           out
           of
           fear
           they
           may
           again
           fall
           off
           ,
           or
           by
           reason
           that
           having
           store
           of
           Cattle
           ,
           they
           could
           not
           attend
           them
           with
           such
           commodity
           and
           ease
           .
           Their
           dwelling
           then
           is
           under
           the
           walls
           of
           the
           Strong
           Places
           ,
           where
           they
           build
           Huts
           ;
           and
           here
           being
           well
           defended
           ,
           they
           lye
           secure
           ,
           enjoying
           the
           
           advantage
           of
           the
           Fields
           ;
           and
           besides
           ,
           whenever
           they
           please
           they
           can
           make
           their
           plundering
           Excursions
           into
           the
           Enemie's
           Country
           .
           Against
           these
           the
           Turks
           bear
           a
           mortal
           hatred
           ,
           at
           no
           time
           giving
           Quarter
           ,
           unless
           it
           be
           to
           put
           them
           to
           new
           pains
           and
           torments
           .
           Never
           were
           people
           more
           agile
           and
           strong
           of
           Body
           ,
           or
           that
           could
           suffer
           hardship
           with
           more
           patience
           then
           they
           ;
           and
           yet
           for
           all
           these
           innate
           Virtues
           ,
           they
           cannot
           be
           made
           Souldiers
           ,
           (
           I
           mean
           the
           major
           part
           )
           since
           
           no
           Art
           will
           Reduce
           them
           to
           the
           exact
           Rule
           of
           Martial
           Discipline
           :
           the
           greatest
           good
           they
           are
           now
           fit
           for
           is
           to
           do
           harm
           ,
           which
           commonly
           happens
           ,
           they
           daily
           running
           out
           in
           headless
           Troops
           ,
           and
           often
           returning
           home
           with
           Cattle
           ,
           Slaves
           ,
           and
           other
           useful
           Booty
           .
        
         
           In
           their
           Sea-affairs
           the
           Republique
           is
           so
           Triumphant
           ,
           that
           were
           the
           particulars
           at
           large
           writ
           ,
           't
           would
           seem
           it
           may
           be
           far
           more
           fabulous
           then
           true
           .
           'T
           was
           long
           after
           the
           War
           
           broke
           out
           before
           the
           Navies
           met
           ,
           the
           Venetians
           being
           loth
           to
           hazard
           a
           Fight
           ,
           which
           had
           they
           once
           lost
           ,
           and
           the
           Turks
           become
           Masters
           of
           the
           Mediterranean
           ,
           the
           destruction
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           of
           Christendom
           too
           ,
           perchance
           must
           have
           also
           followed
           .
           The
           first
           business
           then
           of
           their
           Fleet
           was
           to
           furnish
           their
           Maritime
           Towns
           with
           Men
           and
           Necessaries
           ;
           and
           by
           doing
           this
           they
           had
           many
           private
           Encounters
           ,
           in
           which
           having
           still
           the
           better
           ,
           it
           gave
           them
           such
           heart
           
           and
           vigour
           ,
           that
           since
           the
           year
           47.
           they
           got
           many
           famous
           Victories
           ,
           and
           by
           them
           are
           become
           so
           terrible
           now
           ,
           that
           (
           unless
           it
           happen
           by
           chance
           )
           't
           is
           impossible
           to
           meet
           with
           the
           Enemie's
           Fleet
           abroad
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           War
           the
           Republique
           was
           at
           a
           great
           expence
           ,
           their
           Officers
           affirming
           ,
           That
           for
           the
           first
           four
           years
           they
           spent
           neer
           thirty
           Millions
           of
           Pistols
           ,
           which
           is
           above
           twenty
           of
           our
           Sterling
           money
           :
           And
           this
           may
           possibly
           be
           true
           ;
           for
           never
           was
           
           Army
           more
           duly
           paid
           ;
           which
           caused
           the
           best
           Souldiers
           from
           all
           Parts
           even
           to
           make
           Friends
           to
           be
           in
           their
           Service
           .
           The
           Rates
           are
           still
           the
           same
           ;
           but
           (
           through
           their
           wants
           by
           the
           length
           of
           this
           contest
           )
           the
           Payment
           is
           thought
           so
           bad
           ,
           that
           at
           present
           few
           come
           ,
           unless
           they
           are
           Spirited
           ,
           as
           Planters
           are
           sent
           to
           the
           Indies
           .
           Seventeen
           thousand
           (
           within
           a
           little
           either
           under
           or
           over
           )
           are
           the
           number
           of
           those
           in
           this
           Service
           ;
           for
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Candie
           there
           
           
           
           
           
           are
           not
           above
           6000
           in
           pay
           ,
           1000
           more
           there
           are
           in
           their
           other
           fortified
           Islands
           ,
           in
           the
           Garrisons
           of
           Dalmatia
           4000
           (
           besides
           a
           Regiment
           which
           the
           Pope
           maintains
           at
           his
           Charge
           )
           ;
           and
           lastly
           ,
           in
           the
           Armata
           they
           keep
           about
           6000
           more
           .
           Thirty
           six
           Livres
           a
           Month
           is
           the
           Contract
           with
           the
           Common-Souldier
           ,
           and
           this
           to
           be
           reckoned
           according
           to
           the
           Standard
           of
           the
           place
           where
           they
           are
           ,
           which
           makes
           the
           income
           different
           ;
           for
           36
           Livres
           in
           Candie
           amount
           
           not
           to
           above
           3
           Reals
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           Army
           they
           are
           equal
           to
           4
           r
           ,
           or
           eighteen
           shillings
           .
           Of
           this
           ,
           in
           Candie
           the
           Souldier
           receives
           6
           
             s.
             9
             d.
             per
             mensem
          
           ,
           and
           16
           ounces
           of
           Bisquet
           a
           day
           ,
           and
           in
           Clothes
           to
           the
           value
           of
           15
           or
           20
           s.
           a
           year
           .
           In
           the
           Armata
           to
           each
           is
           paid
           only
           4
           
             s.
             6
             d.
          
           a
           Month
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           allowance
           of
           Bisquet
           as
           afore
           :
           and
           after
           they
           have
           satisfied
           for
           their
           Armes
           they
           imbezil
           ,
           if
           any
           thing
           remains
           ,
           their
           Credit
           is
           own'd
           ,
           which
           presently
           the
           poor
           wretches
           sell
           for
           
           five
           or
           six
           in
           the
           hundred
           .
           Yet
           these
           last
           are
           thought
           to
           fare
           the
           best
           ,
           by
           reason
           their
           Duty
           is
           easier
           ;
           (
           for
           those
           of
           the
           City
           mount
           the
           Guard
           every
           second
           Night
           )
           and
           besides
           ,
           are
           more
           in
           the
           way
           of
           pilfering
           ,
           and
           of
           sometimes
           getting
           Prizes
           .
        
         
           The
           Allowance
           to
           their
           Officers
           is
           very
           different
           also
           :
           for
           the
           Tramontans
           ,
           or
           Forreigners
           (
           to
           encourage
           their
           coming
           )
           have
           far
           more
           then
           what
           they
           give
           the
           Italians
           ;
           and
           the
           pay
           of
           both
           is
           reckoned
           
           by
           Ducats
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           valued
           at
           3
           
             s.
             9
             d.
          
           apiece
           .
        
         
           Italians
           are
           thus
           paid
           per
           mensem
           .
           To
           a
           
             
               Colonel
               100
               Duc.
               
            
             
               Lt.
               Colonel
               080
               Duc.
               
            
             
               Major
               060
               Duc.
               
            
             
               Captain
               040
               Duc.
               
            
          
           To
           each
           of
           these
           is
           low'd
           also
           the
           pay
           of
           3
           Common-Souldiers
           .
           Lieutenants
           they
           have
           none
           .
           
             
               Ensigne
               020
               Duc.
               
            
             
               Serjeant
               010
               Duc.
               
            
             
               Corporal
               006
               ½
               Duc.
               
            
          
        
         
           Strangers
           are
           thus
           paid
           .
           To
           a
           
             
               Colonel
               150
               Duc.
               
            
             
               
                 
                   Lieut.
                   Colonel
                
                 
                   Major
                
                 
                   Captain
                
              
               each
               100
               Duc.
               
            
             
               Lieutenant
               050
               Duc.
               
            
             
               Ensigne
               030
               Duc.
               
            
             
               Serjeant
               015Duc
               .
            
             
               Corporal
               010
               Duc.
               
            
          
        
         
         
           Besides
           ,
           in
           every
           Tramontane
           Regiment
           there
           is
           the
           
             Stato
             Colonello
          
           allowed
           ,
           which
           is
           200
           Ducats
           a
           Month
           ;
           and
           this
           to
           Regalé
           his
           Lieutenant
           and
           Major
           ,
           who
           commonly
           have
           a
           share
           ,
           though
           herein
           he
           may
           do
           as
           he
           please
           .
        
         
           Every
           Captain
           also
           has
           
             Capo
             Soldi
          
           ,
           which
           is
           about
           6
           d.
           a
           Head
           to
           an
           Italian
           a
           Month
           ,
           and
           12
           d.
           to
           a
           Stranger
           ,
           for
           as
           many
           as
           they
           have
           in
           their
           Company
           .
           This
           Money
           they
           may
           convert
           to
           their
           own
           use
           ,
           but
           the
           institution
           
           was
           to
           distribute
           it
           according
           to
           their
           discretion
           amongst
           those
           that
           did
           well
           deserve
           .
        
         
           The
           Reformado's
           have
           half
           the
           pay
           of
           their
           former
           Office
           :
           And
           for
           the
           Horse
           ,
           they
           are
           not
           500
           in
           all
           ,
           each
           of
           which
           have
           16
           ,
           the
           Cornet
           40
           ,
           the
           Lieutenant
           60
           ,
           and
           the
           Captain
           120
           Ducats
           a
           Month
           ,
           with
           some
           other
           Accidental
           perquisits
           .
        
         
           That
           which
           these
           Officers
           do
           duly
           receive
           for
           their
           monthly
           Subsistance
           ,
           is
           the
           bread
           ,
           and
           about
           a
           
           third
           of
           the
           Italian
           pay
           ;
           the
           rest
           is
           in
           Arrear
           for
           the
           greatest
           part
           ;
           and
           unless
           they
           can
           make
           good
           friends
           to
           the
           Cashier
           they
           must
           expect
           long
           ,
           or
           sell
           this
           ,
           as
           the
           hasty
           Common-Souldier
           did
           before
           them
           .
        
         
           Concerning
           the
           Naval
           Force
           which
           they
           have
           ,
           it
           consists
           of
           three
           sorts
           of
           Vessels
           ,
           viz.
           of
           Galliasses
           ,
           Gallies
           ,
           and
           Ships
           .
        
         
           A
           Galliasse
           is
           a
           Machine
           of
           wonderful
           advantage
           in
           these
           Inland
           Seas
           ,
           being
           a
           Gally
           in
           respect
           of
           its
           Oars
           ,
           &
           yet
           resembling
           a
           Ship
           in
           
           its
           strength
           and
           ornament
           .
           These
           the
           Republique
           (
           of
           all
           Christian
           Princes
           )
           alone
           use
           ;
           and
           though
           the
           Turk
           has
           many
           ,
           yet
           he
           neither
           knows
           how
           to
           make
           them
           so
           good
           ,
           nor
           to
           manage
           them
           with
           that
           dexterity
           the
           Venetians
           do
           .
           Five
           hundred
           Slaves
           and
           300
           Souldiers
           go
           to
           the
           well
           maning
           of
           one
           of
           these
           ,
           which
           (
           being
           ever
           the
           destroyer
           of
           Gallies
           )
           in
           a
           Calm
           will
           be
           too
           hard
           for
           a
           Ship
           ;
           but
           if
           the
           wind
           blows
           ,
           the
           Ship
           is
           reckoned
           to
           have
           far
           the
           greater
           advantage
           .
           
           Of
           these
           there
           are
           constantly
           six
           in
           the
           Fleet.
           
        
         
           For
           Gallies
           ,
           there
           are
           in
           Dalmatia
           five
           ;
           one
           in
           Corfu
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           in
           Candie
           to
           be
           employ'd
           about
           Dispatches
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           Armata
           24
           ,
           each
           of
           which
           ,
           one
           with
           another
           ,
           carry
           180
           Slaves
           ,
           and
           about
           100
           or
           120
           Souldiers
           .
           Of
           Slaves
           in
           their
           Fleet
           there
           are
           neer
           8000
           ,
           consisting
           of
           Turks
           ,
           of
           Christians
           condemned
           ,
           or
           of
           miserable
           people
           that
           sell
           themselves
           for
           about
           5
           l.
           to
           the
           end
           of
           the
           War.
           These
           
           last
           have
           4
           
             s.
             6
             d.
          
           a
           Month
           ,
           and
           are
           not
           put
           into
           chains
           as
           the
           rest
           .
           The
           daily
           provision
           for
           all
           is
           18
           ounces
           of
           Bisquet
           ,
           a
           little
           Rice
           and
           Oil
           ,
           and
           perchance
           a
           coarse
           Shirt
           and
           Drawers
           in
           the
           year
           .
        
         
           Of
           great
           Ships
           the
           Venetians
           maintained
           about
           25
           formerly
           ,
           and
           16
           now
           ,
           amongst
           which
           there
           are
           but
           5
           of
           their
           own
           ,
           the
           rest
           hired
           ;
           for
           they
           find
           it
           less
           chargeable
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           freer
           from
           trouble
           ,
           to
           be
           at
           a
           certainty
           ,
           and
           that
           without
           hazard
           ,
           then
           to
           lye
           liable
           
           to
           the
           Cousenage
           of
           Officers
           ,
           which
           all
           Common-wealths
           are
           subject
           to
           :
           and
           were
           it
           possible
           to
           find
           Gallies
           and
           Galliasses
           ,
           they
           would
           doubtless
           agree
           for
           them
           after
           the
           same
           manner
           also
           .
        
         
           The
           Rate
           they
           pay
           for
           Ships
           is
           1650
           Ducats
           a
           Month
           ,
           which
           comes
           to
           about
           305
           
             l.
             English
          
           :
           For
           this
           the
           Captain
           is
           bound
           to
           keep
           60
           Sailers
           ,
           and
           to
           obey
           all
           Commands
           of
           the
           General
           ,
           as
           if
           the
           Vessel
           wholly
           belonged
           to
           the
           Republique
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Ships
           which
           they
           have
           of
           their
           own
           are
           those
           they
           take
           in
           War
           ;
           and
           when
           there
           are
           many
           they
           sell
           most
           of
           them
           ,
           preserving
           still
           a
           few
           to
           be
           a
           perpetual
           Remembrance
           in
           the
           Eyes
           of
           all
           ,
           of
           their
           remarkable
           Valour
           and
           Bravery
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           the
           whole
           number
           of
           their
           Navy
           ;
           and
           with
           this
           they
           so
           affright
           the
           Turk
           ,
           that
           now
           ,
           on
           purpose
           to
           engage
           ,
           he
           dares
           not
           appear
           ;
           and
           should
           he
           set
           to
           Sea
           200
           of
           the
           best
           Vessels
           he
           could
           
           get
           ,
           they
           would
           not
           only
           attaque
           him
           ,
           but
           be
           all
           more
           assured
           of
           a
           Victory
           then
           the
           odds
           of
           two
           to
           one
           can
           give
           a
           sober
           Gamester
           .
           To
           demonstrate
           then
           the
           Courage
           of
           these
           ,
           and
           the
           fear
           of
           the
           other
           ,
           nothing
           can
           better
           do
           it
           then
           what
           hapned
           in
           the
           year
           53.
           
           For
           at
           that
           time
           Fosculo
           (
           the
           Venetian
           General
           )
           with
           the
           like
           Fleet
           ,
           strengthened
           with
           a
           few
           more
           Ships
           ,
           drove
           into
           the
           Harbour
           of
           Rhodes
           8
           Galliasses
           ,
           80
           Gallies
           ,
           and
           64
           Men
           of
           War
           ;
           and
           
           though
           he
           used
           all
           possible
           means
           to
           provoke
           them
           to
           fight
           ,
           yet
           nothing
           could
           draw
           them
           to
           it
           .
           This
           made
           the
           Admiral
           of
           Malta
           declare
           ,
           That
           he
           look'd
           upon
           that
           Action
           as
           greater
           then
           all
           the
           Victories
           they
           had
           lately
           got
           ;
           for
           then
           the
           Chance
           of
           War
           (
           he
           urged
           )
           was
           only
           contrary
           ;
           but
           by
           this
           their
           cowardise
           the
           Turks
           confest
           themselves
           now
           fully
           overcome
           and
           vanquished
           .
        
         
           Moreover
           ,
           it
           must
           needs
           be
           wonderful
           ,
           that
           the
           Great
           Turk
           and
           his
           should
           
           lose
           of
           all
           sorts
           above
           2000
           Sail
           ,
           and
           yet
           they
           never
           took
           but
           a
           Gally
           of
           the
           Republiques
           ,
           and
           one
           poor
           Pink
           of
           Victuals
           .
           Nor
           has
           the
           Venetian
           lost
           by
           the
           accidents
           of
           Fire
           and
           Storm
           30
           more
           ,
           though
           now
           the
           War
           hath
           been
           of
           so
           many
           years
           continuance
           .
        
         
           I
           had
           almost
           forgot
           to
           acquaint
           Your
           Majesty
           ,
           That
           the
           Knights
           of
           Malta
           have
           yearly
           (
           till
           their
           now
           joining
           with
           the
           French
           at
           Gigery
           )
           assisted
           this
           State
           with
           7
           Gallies
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           usual
           number
           they
           ever
           
           keep
           .
           Yet
           though
           these
           Christian
           Heroes
           be
           as
           brave
           as
           the
           Swords
           they
           wear
           ,
           the
           Venetian
           Fleet
           are
           no
           ways
           fond
           of
           the
           help
           ;
           and
           this
           ,
           I
           suppose
           ,
           proceeds
           from
           their
           being
           Match
           enough
           for
           the
           aw'd
           Enemy
           themselves
           ;
           and
           besides
           ,
           they
           think
           the
           Knights
           are
           never
           backward
           in
           the
           Plunder
           ,
           when
           as
           sometimes
           in
           Service
           they
           will
           dispute
           the
           Generalissimo's
           Orders
           ,
           and
           make
           their
           own
           Admiral
           Judge
           whether
           the
           Action
           be
           safe
           and
           fit
           .
        
         
         
           That
           which
           the
           Armata
           now
           does
           (
           the
           Turk
           being
           thus
           terrified
           )
           is
           to
           rove
           about
           the
           Archipelago
           ,
           exacting
           Tribute
           of
           the
           Isles
           ,
           and
           watching
           for
           Gallies
           that
           hover
           up
           and
           down
           ,
           as
           also
           for
           the
           Caravans
           of
           Aegypt
           and
           Asia
           ,
           which
           often
           they
           light
           upon
           ,
           to
           the
           infinite
           enrichment
           of
           the
           Grandees
           ,
           and
           to
           some
           benefit
           also
           even
           of
           the
           smaller
           fry
           .
        
         
           The
           Islands
           here
           are
           all
           small
           ,
           and
           many
           in
           number
           ;
           nor
           can
           they
           be
           but
           poor
           ,
           seeing
           (
           besides
           their
           
           loss
           by
           petty
           Robberies
           on
           both
           sides
           )
           they
           now
           pay
           a
           constant
           Tribute
           to
           the
           Venetians
           also
           .
           These
           receive
           of
           them
           about
           150000
           Crowns
           
             per
             Annum
          
           :
           But
           the
           Turk
           is
           content
           with
           less
           ,
           as
           not
           willing
           wholly
           to
           destroy
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           which
           at
           present
           he
           cannot
           defend
           .
           Though
           the
           Republique
           thus
           Command
           in
           the
           Aegean
           ,
           the
           Inhabitants
           think
           it
           not
           ill
           spent
           still
           to
           pay
           the
           Grand
           Signior
           something
           ;
           and
           the
           reason
           is
           ,
           because
           they
           know
           not
           how
           otherwise
           
           to
           be
           out
           of
           danger
           of
           ruine
           by
           sudden
           Invasions
           ,
           when
           the
           Christian
           Fleet
           is
           distant
           from
           them
           .
           Of
           all
           these
           Isles
           Cerigo
           and
           Tino
           are
           only
           Fortified
           by
           the
           Senate
           .
           Each
           of
           these
           has
           a
           small
           Fortress
           ,
           which
           heretofore
           they
           thought
           fit
           to
           keep
           ,
           that
           upon
           any
           occasion
           they
           might
           here
           have
           an
           assured
           Harbour
           of
           their
           own
           .
           Those
           that
           are
           Garrison'd
           by
           the
           Turk
           are
           
             Tenedos
             ,
             Lemnos
             ,
             Metelin
             ,
             Scio
             ,
             Negropont
             ,
             Lango
             ,
          
           and
           Rhodes
           ;
           for
           the
           rest
           ,
           they
           are
           all
           open
           Tributaries
           
           (
           as
           I
           said
           )
           to
           both
           :
           but
           in
           more
           awe
           of
           the
           Republique
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           Masters
           at
           Sea.
           And
           this
           is
           a
           loss
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           a
           dishonour
           (
           in
           not
           being
           able
           to
           protect
           their
           own
           )
           that
           the
           Infidels
           suffer
           for
           their
           begining
           of
           the
           War.
           
        
         
           The
           Venetians
           have
           often
           also
           hereabouts
           disbarqu'd
           ,
           and
           taken
           several
           Towns
           and
           Forts
           ;
           yet
           not
           with
           an
           intention
           to
           keep
           them
           ,
           or
           to
           go
           on
           with
           a
           Conquest
           ,
           since
           they
           cannot
           spare
           Men
           for
           the
           first
           ,
           and
           want
           a
           strong
           
           Army
           for
           the
           other
           :
           but
           this
           they
           have
           done
           ,
           either
           to
           demolish
           some
           Offensive
           Place
           ,
           or
           to
           let
           the
           Turks
           see
           ,
           they
           can
           Conquer
           on
           Land
           as
           well
           as
           on
           Sea
           ;
           or
           lastly
           ,
           by
           the
           design
           of
           a
           new
           General
           to
           get
           Reputation
           ,
           in
           shewing
           his
           Wit
           and
           Courage
           .
        
         
           Though
           no
           great
           Prince
           had
           fewer
           Subjects
           then
           Your
           Majesty
           in
           this
           War
           ,
           yet
           none
           had
           those
           that
           have
           done
           things
           of
           more
           note
           ;
           and
           herein
           each
           of
           Your
           three
           Mighty
           Kingdoms
           had
           some
           ,
           that
           have
           
           Served
           well
           ,
           and
           thereby
           gained
           much
           Honour
           and
           Reputation
           .
        
         
           Amongst
           the
           English
           that
           Fought
           bravely
           ,
           Captain
           
             Thomas
             Middleton
          
           (
           who
           had
           his
           Ship
           hired
           in
           the
           Service
           )
           did
           a
           most
           prodigious
           Action
           .
           It
           hapned
           that
           the
           Admiral
           ,
           intending
           a
           Design
           about
           the
           Dardanels
           ,
           put
           Middleton
           in
           so
           desperate
           a
           place
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           in
           danger
           from
           Land
           to
           be
           sunk
           at
           every
           Shot
           .
           He
           advised
           the
           Commander
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           withal
           told
           him
           ,
           That
           the
           peril
           of
           
           himself
           and
           Ship
           did
           not
           so
           much
           trouble
           him
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           set
           where
           it
           was
           impossible
           for
           him
           to
           offend
           the
           Enemy
           .
           Having
           no
           answer
           ,
           or
           at
           best
           a
           bad
           one
           ,
           and
           seeing
           it
           could
           not
           prejudice
           the
           Fleet
           ,
           he
           drew
           off
           a
           little
           the
           Vessel
           (
           his
           only
           Livelyhood
           )
           from
           the
           needless
           danger
           't
           was
           in
           .
           When
           the
           business
           was
           over
           ,
           they
           dismist
           him
           (
           in
           a
           Councel
           of
           War
           )
           with
           the
           Title
           of
           Coward
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Souldiers
           being
           taken
           away
           ,
           he
           was
           left
           only
           with
           some
           50
           English
           ,
           
           to
           return
           home
           ,
           or
           whither
           else
           he
           pleased
           .
           He
           had
           not
           parted
           long
           from
           the
           Armata
           ,
           but
           in
           a
           stark
           Calm
           met
           with
           25
           Sail
           ,
           of
           which
           18
           were
           the
           best
           Gallies
           the
           Great
           Turk
           could
           make
           in
           all
           his
           Fleet.
           These
           crying
           out
           in
           derision
           ,
           That
           they
           would
           eat
           English
           Beef
           for
           Dinner
           ,
           fell
           upon
           him
           ,
           wanting
           no
           assurance
           ,
           being
           assisted
           with
           the
           stilness
           of
           the
           Air
           ,
           and
           their
           own
           Strength
           and
           Number
           .
           But
           for
           all
           this
           confidence
           they
           miss'd
           their
           aim
           ;
           for
           after
           a
           long
           
           and
           sharp
           Encounter
           ,
           the
           two
           Bassa's
           that
           Commanded
           were
           kill'd
           ,
           with
           1500
           to
           accompany
           them
           ;
           and
           besides
           the
           many
           that
           were
           wounded
           ,
           the
           whole
           Squadron
           was
           so
           shatter'd
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           hardly
           Oars
           to
           get
           off
           ,
           and
           were
           all
           unfit
           to
           Serve
           ,
           at
           least
           for
           that
           year
           .
           The
           Captain
           had
           neither
           Wind
           ,
           Sails
           ,
           nor
           Tackle
           left
           to
           follow
           them
           ;
           but
           with
           much
           ado
           he
           yet
           afterwards
           came
           safe
           to
           Candie
           ,
           and
           there
           presented
           to
           the
           General
           a
           whole
           Tun
           of
           salted
           Heads
           
           of
           those
           he
           had
           killed
           in
           their
           often
           boarding
           .
           His
           Excellency
           was
           astonished
           at
           the
           thing
           ,
           and
           after
           all
           the
           caresses
           imaginable
           ,
           he
           acquainted
           the
           Senate
           with
           it
           ,
           who
           with
           universal
           consent
           Ordered
           him
           a
           Chain
           and
           Medal
           of
           Gold
           ,
           as
           a
           Testimony
           of
           their
           high
           Esteem
           ,
           and
           his
           own
           commendable
           Valour
           .
           Middleton
           afterwards
           died
           on
           his
           Journey
           home
           ,
           leaving
           a
           Son
           who
           Commands
           here
           a
           Ship
           ,
           and
           is
           very
           well
           esteem'd
           by
           all
           the
           Nobility
           for
           his
           Resolution
           and
           Conduct
           .
        
         
         
           About
           the
           first
           of
           the
           War
           Captain
           
             George
             Scot
          
           of
           Fife
           brought
           also
           a
           Ship
           to
           the
           Fleet
           :
           He
           was
           so
           skilful
           in
           Gunnery
           ,
           that
           he
           could
           not
           only
           kill
           a
           single
           Man
           with
           his
           Cannon
           ,
           but
           would
           also
           dismount
           any
           Piece
           that
           offended
           the
           Christians
           at
           the
           Siege
           of
           Candie
           .
           The
           Heads
           of
           the
           Armata
           had
           such
           a
           value
           for
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           usually
           admitted
           into
           their
           most
           privy
           Debates
           .
           He
           ,
           when
           he
           advised
           them
           to
           an
           Enterprize
           ,
           would
           always
           be
           the
           foremost
           in
           the
           
           danger
           ;
           and
           in
           this
           manner
           he
           did
           to
           his
           great
           Reputation
           at
           Fogies
           .
           The
           Venetians
           were
           there
           about
           20
           Ships
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           Captains
           counsel
           determined
           in
           the
           Harbour
           to
           fire
           the
           Enemies
           Fleet
           ,
           consisting
           of
           about
           140
           Sail.
           Scot
           entred
           first
           ,
           though
           there
           was
           on
           each
           side
           a
           Castle
           to
           defend
           the
           Port.
           The
           Admiral
           with
           the
           rest
           followed
           ;
           but
           having
           begun
           their
           Design
           presently
           retir'd
           ,
           fearing
           to
           be
           burnt
           themselves
           ,
           especially
           seeing
           the
           Night
           drew
           on
           so
           
           fast
           :
           In
           the
           mean
           while
           the
           Captain
           had
           cast
           Anchor
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           the
           Turks
           ,
           and
           plying
           them
           every
           way
           with
           his
           great
           Guns
           ,
           so
           hindred
           the
           putting
           out
           of
           the
           Fire
           ,
           that
           had
           the
           rest
           done
           what
           they
           ought
           (
           though
           already
           the
           damage
           was
           great
           )
           there
           would
           not
           have
           been
           (
           they
           say
           )
           so
           much
           as
           the
           least
           Mast
           left
           .
           Every
           body
           gave
           him
           over
           for
           lost
           ;
           but
           yet
           in
           the
           morning
           he
           was
           seen
           to
           return
           ,
           not
           only
           with
           a
           French
           Pettach
           which
           the
           Master
           had
           forsaken
           ,
           
           but
           also
           accompanied
           with
           a
           Galliass
           of
           the
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           with
           one
           of
           the
           flaming
           Gallies
           too
           .
           He
           had
           a
           Son
           with
           him
           from
           the
           beginning
           ,
           who
           at
           last
           was
           thought
           the
           better
           Engineer
           :
           but
           both
           ,
           to
           the
           sorrow
           of
           all
           ,
           sickned
           and
           died
           in
           the
           Service
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           45.
           came
           Colonel
           Brereton
           hither
           ,
           an
           Irishman
           by
           Birth
           and
           later
           Extraction
           ,
           but
           originally
           of
           the
           Cheshire
           Family
           .
           He
           brought
           a
           Regiment
           from
           Germany
           with
           
           him
           ,
           and
           behaved
           himself
           so
           upon
           all
           occasions
           ,
           in
           ordering
           Affairs
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           in
           personal
           Valour
           ,
           that
           they
           made
           him
           
             Sargente
             Generale
          
           ,
           and
           thereby
           ,
           in
           the
           vacancy
           ,
           General
           of
           the
           Arms
           ;
           which
           Charge
           also
           he
           should
           have
           absolutely
           received
           ,
           had
           he
           not
           died
           (
           as
           lately
           he
           did
           )
           of
           a
           Feaver
           in
           Candie
           .
        
         
           
             Great
             Sir
          
           ,
           It
           is
           here
           to
           be
           remembred
           ,
           That
           the
           Republick
           trusts
           no
           Gally
           or
           Galliasse
           (
           being
           of
           so
           easie
           a
           Conveyance
           ,
           and
           thereby
           a
           bait
           for
           a
           needy
           
           Souldier
           )
           out
           of
           the
           hands
           of
           a
           Noble
           Venetian
           ,
           who
           for
           such
           a
           slight
           thing
           cannot
           be
           imagined
           to
           hazard
           his
           so
           considerable
           Fortunes
           at
           home
           .
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           they
           never
           give
           the
           Command
           of
           the
           Souldiery
           to
           any
           of
           their
           own
           Gentlemen
           ;
           but
           all
           the
           Officers
           (
           except
           some
           few
           of
           their
           ordinary
           Subjects
           )
           from
           the
           highest
           to
           the
           lowest
           are
           hired
           Strangers
           .
           The
           reason
           is
           ,
           That
           finding
           the
           Roman
           Republique
           (
           which
           they
           much
           imitate
           )
           was
           always
           endangered
           ,
           
           and
           in
           the
           end
           ruined
           by
           its
           own
           Nobilities
           too
           much
           knowledge
           in
           War
           ,
           and
           interest
           with
           the
           Men
           at
           Arms
           ,
           they
           strive
           to
           make
           theirs
           Statesmen
           and
           Overseers
           ,
           leaving
           the
           executive
           part
           to
           the
           Souldiers
           of
           Fortune
           ,
           whom
           Money
           has
           made
           their
           Servants
           :
           And
           moreover
           ,
           by
           this
           gathering
           of
           Forreigners
           their
           People
           are
           not
           lessened
           ,
           few
           of
           their
           own
           being
           lost
           ,
           though
           in
           an
           overthrow
           the
           number
           of
           the
           Slain
           be
           great
           .
        
         
           But
           't
           is
           not
           (
           
             May
             it
             please
             
             Your
             Majesty
          
           )
           for
           all
           this
           to
           be
           thought
           ,
           they
           blindly
           leave
           all
           to
           the
           disposing
           of
           Strangers
           :
           for
           they
           reserve
           the
           directive
           Power
           to
           themselves
           ;
           and
           to
           that
           end
           chuse
           every
           three
           years
           a
           Captain
           General
           ,
           commonly
           a
           graver
           Senatour
           then
           knowing
           Souldier
           .
           To
           him
           for
           the
           avoiding
           confusion
           and
           Parties
           (
           like
           to
           the
           old
           Dictators
           )
           is
           given
           the
           whole
           Authority
           of
           the
           Senate
           :
           He
           then
           advises
           with
           the
           
             Capi
             di
             Guerra
          
           (
           who
           are
           all
           also
           Gentlemen
           )
           
           viz.
           the
           Proveditore
           ,
           the
           Captain
           Extraordinary
           of
           the
           Galliasses
           ,
           the
           like
           Officer
           of
           the
           Ships
           ,
           with
           some
           others
           :
           and
           after
           he
           has
           heard
           their
           Opinions
           ,
           absolutely
           determines
           himself
           :
           and
           then
           the
           General
           of
           the
           Arms
           in
           the
           best
           Military
           Order
           he
           conceives
           ,
           executes
           his
           Commands
           and
           Will.
           
        
         
           In
           this
           sort
           then
           do
           they
           ballance
           the
           Ambition
           of
           their
           own
           ,
           in
           using
           them
           to
           advise
           and
           not
           to
           act
           ;
           and
           hereby
           can
           they
           check
           
           the
           insolence
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           in
           taking
           away
           all
           direction
           from
           them
           ,
           and
           punishing
           the
           least
           grumbling
           with
           a
           severe
           Chastisement
           .
        
         
           Thus
           (
           though
           in
           short
           )
           may
           be
           seen
           the
           manner
           of
           this
           War
           ,
           which
           began
           through
           the
           Turks
           unsatiable
           avarice
           of
           getting
           Candie
           ;
           and
           without
           this
           ,
           't
           is
           certain
           they
           can
           never
           be
           quiet
           in
           the
           Levant
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           They
           have
           got
           the
           Kingdom
           (
           the
           Venetians
           without
           their
           Walls
           having
           not
           a
           foot
           
           left
           )
           ;
           yet
           are
           the
           Turks
           still
           frustrated
           in
           their
           aims
           ,
           since
           they
           have
           no
           one
           Port
           to
           winter
           a
           Fleet
           in
           ;
           and
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           the
           Christians
           have
           here
           the
           same
           Harbours
           as
           formerly
           for
           their
           Navy
           or
           Free-booters
           ,
           and
           more
           elsewhere
           then
           they
           had
           before
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Troubles
           .
        
         
           The
           advantage
           the
           Enemy
           has
           now
           got
           ,
           is
           hardly
           yet
           of
           greater
           consequence
           then
           the
           enjoyment
           of
           so
           much
           Ground
           ,
           for
           which
           he
           has
           paid
           (
           besides
           infinite
           
           dishonour
           and
           losses
           )
           at
           least
           400000
           Men
           ;
           when
           as
           on
           the
           side
           of
           the
           Republique
           there
           died
           not
           a
           fourth
           of
           this
           ,
           though
           the
           Clime
           and
           Pestilence
           were
           great
           destroyers
           ;
           nor
           could
           the
           tenth
           of
           the
           loss
           be
           called
           their
           own
           and
           proper
           Subjects
           .
        
         
           After
           all
           this
           stir
           ,
           and
           purchase
           at
           so
           dear
           a
           rate
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           most
           certain
           truth
           ,
           The
           Turks
           are
           here
           now
           thus
           weak
           ,
           that
           a
           sudden
           Recruit
           of
           10000
           Men
           would
           utterly
           beat
           them
           out
           of
           the
           Island
           :
           All
           people
           
           do
           therefore
           wonder
           why
           it
           is
           not
           done
           :
           But
           some
           of
           the
           Reasons
           I
           find
           for
           it
           are
           these
           ensuing
           .
        
         
           To
           get
           this
           Supply
           must
           be
           by
           the
           Aid
           of
           Forreign
           Princes
           ,
           or
           by
           Levies
           made
           at
           their
           own
           Charge
           .
        
         
           From
           Christian
           Allies
           the
           Force
           now
           required
           cannot
           be
           expected
           without
           Sollicitation
           and
           Embassies
           ;
           neither
           if
           this
           would
           obtain
           it
           ,
           could
           it
           be
           done
           without
           the
           Turks
           having
           notice
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           doubtless
           thereupon
           would
           they
           send
           a
           Supply
           
           to
           their
           own
           ,
           by
           which
           ,
           what
           so
           many
           Men
           at
           present
           can
           ,
           twice
           the
           number
           perchance
           will
           be
           scarce
           then
           sufficient
           to
           perform
           ,
           but
           more
           especially
           if
           afterwards
           (
           through
           some
           disgusts
           ,
           or
           by
           their
           not
           being
           able
           to
           do
           what
           they
           came
           for
           )
           this
           friendly
           Succour
           should
           retire
           ,
           the
           Republique
           will
           be
           left
           with
           a
           stronger
           Enemy
           on
           their
           hands
           ,
           and
           so
           in
           a
           worse
           condition
           then
           before
           .
        
         
           If
           it
           be
           expected
           the
           Venetians
           should
           do
           it
           themselves
           ,
           
           I
           must
           answer
           ,
           I
           verily
           believe
           they
           are
           not
           able
           ,
           having
           run
           behind
           (
           as
           they
           say
           )
           so
           much
           in
           the
           beginning
           ;
           But
           if
           at
           last
           ,
           through
           private
           Contributions
           ,
           they
           could
           for
           once
           make
           such
           a
           Levy
           ,
           yet
           this
           their
           intention
           would
           be
           soon
           known
           ,
           and
           most
           of
           the
           same
           Inconveniences
           follow
           :
           And
           thus
           if
           not
           able
           to
           finish
           the
           Project
           (
           the
           Turks
           being
           encreas'd
           )
           double
           the
           number
           of
           those
           that
           now
           keep
           Garrison
           ,
           must
           be
           hereafter
           
           requisite
           .
           Nor
           can
           it
           be
           but
           hard
           to
           maintain
           new
           comers
           ,
           since
           through
           the
           poverty
           of
           the
           Publick
           they
           are
           forc'd
           to
           shuffle
           with
           the
           few
           that
           Serve
           .
        
         
           So
           much
           does
           the
           exhausted
           yet
           cunning
           State
           fear
           over-briskly
           to
           engage
           this
           lazy
           Prince
           ,
           lest
           Anger
           should
           raise
           him
           to
           that
           Life
           and
           Fire
           ,
           which
           by
           experience
           his
           Natural
           Temper
           never
           can
           .
        
         
           The
           most
           obvious
           and
           easie
           way
           now
           left
           with
           this
           little
           Supply
           to
           regain
           Candie
           ,
           seems
           to
           be
           ,
           when
           
           the
           Barbary
           Pyrats
           shall
           provoke
           Christendom
           to
           punish
           their
           Robberies
           ,
           to
           take
           that
           opportunity
           of
           sending
           from
           their
           Coast
           20
           Sail
           ,
           which
           with
           a
           fair
           Wind
           in
           ten
           days
           will
           certainly
           arrive
           at
           the
           Isle
           .
           The
           very
           sight
           of
           such
           an
           unexpected
           Succour
           will
           so
           amaze
           the
           Turk
           ,
           that
           wise
           men
           think
           he
           will
           capitulate
           and
           be
           gone
           ;
           but
           no
           body
           doubts
           of
           the
           Success
           if
           they
           come
           to
           blows
           ,
           since
           all
           his
           strength
           here
           amounts
           not
           to
           20000
           good
           Men
           ,
           which
           
           being
           in
           dismay
           by
           this
           unlook'd
           for
           help
           ,
           cannot
           be
           able
           to
           resist
           the
           Venetian
           Army
           ,
           both
           thus
           reinforc'd
           ,
           and
           also
           assisted
           by
           60000
           Natives
           ,
           who
           emboldened
           by
           the
           new
           Aid
           will
           undoubtedly
           be
           up
           in
           three
           days
           .
        
         
           Notwithstanding
           this
           ,
           they
           make
           no
           question
           at
           Constantinople
           of
           getting
           in
           the
           end
           the
           Place
           :
           for
           they
           well
           imagine
           how
           poor
           the
           Publique
           is
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           report
           of
           not
           being
           able
           to
           keep
           touch
           with
           their
           Militia
           ,
           has
           
           done
           them
           such
           discredit
           ,
           that
           scarce
           any
           now
           voluntarily
           come
           to
           their
           Service
           .
           They
           know
           too
           ,
           that
           the
           Taxes
           are
           heavy
           on
           the
           Venetian
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           hope
           thereby
           they
           may
           be
           moved
           through
           desperation
           to
           Rebel
           ,
           it
           being
           impossible
           (
           they
           think
           )
           to
           feed
           them
           much
           longer
           with
           the
           expectation
           of
           Peace
           ,
           which
           hitherto
           has
           made
           them
           bear
           their
           Load
           with
           such
           Quiet
           and
           patience
           .
        
         
           Moreover
           ,
           the
           War
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           now
           managed
           ,
           costs
           
           the
           Grand
           Signior
           little
           ,
           the
           Island
           maintaining
           the
           Force
           he
           hath
           there
           ;
           and
           for
           the
           present
           havock
           at
           Sea
           ,
           it
           commonly
           belongs
           to
           private
           Merchant-men
           ;
           and
           therefore
           he
           resolves
           to
           depend
           upon
           time
           ,
           which
           as
           it
           brings
           change
           ,
           so
           if
           it
           proves
           in
           the
           least
           unfortunate
           to
           the
           Republique
           ,
           he
           is
           certainly
           sure
           of
           his
           ends
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           manner
           does
           he
           think
           to
           weary
           out
           the
           Venetians
           ,
           and
           in
           fine
           force
           them
           to
           ask
           Peace
           ,
           which
           he
           resolves
           not
           to
           grant
           ,
           
           unless
           it
           be
           bought
           with
           the
           surrendring
           of
           Candie
           ,
           and
           its
           other
           remaining
           appendices
           .
        
         
           The
           Senate
           being
           well
           convinc'd
           of
           this
           ,
           a
           considerable
           part
           (
           as
           the
           Rich
           and
           the
           Old
           ,
           who
           neither
           want
           ,
           or
           are
           fit
           for
           Preferment
           )
           wish
           for
           an
           Accommodation
           on
           these
           Terms
           ;
           for
           fearing
           the
           conclusion
           will
           be
           thus
           ,
           they
           desire
           betimes
           to
           spare
           their
           own
           and
           Subjects
           Purses
           ;
           but
           the
           Major
           part
           are
           still
           for
           War
           :
           And
           this
           is
           also
           thought
           to
           move
           them
           to
           it
           .
        
         
         
           1.
           
           First
           ,
           The
           Gain
           the
           Men
           of
           Action
           make
           by
           the
           Trouble
           :
           For
           heretofore
           the
           Publique
           Treasury
           was
           to
           a
           Miracle
           full
           ,
           and
           the
           Nobility
           poor
           ;
           now
           ,
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           by
           the
           Prizes
           yearly
           taken
           ,
           by
           the
           advantage
           of
           Offices
           ,
           and
           by
           often
           buying
           Debentures
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           for
           6
           
             per
             Cent.
          
           the
           Particulars
           are
           all
           rich
           ,
           whilst
           the
           Cecca
           is
           wholly
           exhausted
           and
           dry
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           The
           assurance
           that
           no
           Christian
           Prince
           will
           either
           now
           quarrel
           or
           plot
           
           against
           them
           :
           And
           theresore
           they
           deem
           it
           prudence
           to
           be
           yet
           in
           a
           way
           of
           regaining
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           especially
           while
           by
           so
           doing
           ,
           they
           protect
           their
           dear
           
             Terra
             Firma
          
           from
           the
           danger
           it
           ever
           lies
           subject
           to
           ,
           by
           the
           still
           pretending
           Successors
           of
           the
           Confederates
           in
           the
           League
           of
           Cambray
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           incertainty
           how
           long
           after
           this
           also
           they
           shall
           be
           yet
           quiet
           ;
           for
           't
           would
           be
           ridiculous
           by
           so
           disadvantageous
           a
           loss
           to
           purchase
           Rest
           ,
           when
           't
           is
           
           impossible
           to
           be
           assured
           but
           the
           following
           Month
           a
           new
           pretext
           of
           War
           will
           be
           found
           ,
           unless
           they
           yield
           up
           
             Zante
             ,
             Cephalonia
          
           ,
           and
           Corfu
           ,
           and
           so
           
             in
             infinitum
          
           .
        
         
           These
           are
           some
           of
           the
           chief
           Arguments
           which
           make
           them
           refuse
           all
           Treaties
           of
           this
           sort
           ;
           and
           the
           rather
           ,
           since
           by
           the
           coolness
           of
           the
           Turk
           they
           doubtless
           may
           sustain
           this
           defensive
           War
           with
           their
           own
           yearly
           Income
           :
           But
           they
           pretend
           they
           are
           in
           Debt
           ,
           and
           that
           't
           is
           not
           half
           enough
           .
        
         
         
           Republiques
           are
           always
           ill
           Managers
           of
           their
           Money
           ,
           when
           great
           and
           extraordinary
           Disbursements
           are
           made
           :
           for
           the
           Receipts
           and
           Payments
           passing
           through
           so
           many
           hands
           of
           their
           own
           ,
           every
           body
           gets
           :
           Nor
           are
           they
           yet
           in
           fear
           of
           punishment
           ,
           if
           their
           Thefts
           exceed
           not
           all
           shame
           ,
           seeing
           their
           Relations
           are
           their
           Judges
           ;
           and
           besides
           ,
           each
           man
           knows
           for
           the
           most
           part
           himself
           guilty
           of
           what
           is
           imputed
           to
           his
           fellow
           .
        
         
           The
           Venetians
           had
           yearly
           
           heretofore
           to
           the
           value
           of
           800000
           
             l.
             English
          
           ,
           and
           perchance
           have
           half
           as
           much
           more
           now
           by
           their
           unusual
           Impositions
           ;
           and
           to
           speak
           truly
           ,
           their
           indispensible
           Charges
           are
           great
           :
           for
           (
           besides
           the
           Robberies
           of
           Ministers
           ,
           and
           the
           numerous
           Civil
           Magistrates
           ,
           that
           draw
           much
           )
           they
           must
           not
           be
           look'd
           upon
           as
           if
           
             Candie
             ,
             Dalmatia
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Fleet
           were
           the
           only
           things
           of
           Expence
           :
           Istria
           and
           Friuli
           (
           which
           are
           parts
           of
           Italy
           )
           lie
           sometimes
           liable
           
           also
           to
           the
           Incursions
           of
           the
           Turk
           :
           Nor
           were
           it
           prudence
           in
           them
           wholly
           to
           disfurnish
           their
           Estates
           in
           Lombardy
           ,
           which
           is
           bounded
           with
           so
           many
           gaping
           Princes
           .
        
         
           For
           their
           better
           continuing
           the
           War
           ,
           there
           's
           hopes
           still
           left
           ,
           that
           their
           Subjects
           will
           patiently
           bear
           the
           Taxes
           imposed
           without
           Insurrections
           .
           'T
           is
           the
           present
           Custom
           of
           the
           Senate
           to
           send
           for
           Money
           with
           a
           Complement
           (
           calling
           it
           a
           Donative
           )
           to
           the
           Towns
           and
           Territories
           belonging
           ,
           
           (
           as
           
             Padua
             ,
             Vicenza
             ,
             Verona
          
           ,
           &c.
           )
           and
           then
           the
           Chief
           of
           these
           Places
           raise
           it
           as
           they
           themselves
           think
           fit
           .
           Now
           these
           well
           know
           ,
           if
           the
           War
           upon
           necessity
           should
           end
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           denial
           to
           contribute
           ,
           That
           the
           Senate
           being
           in
           Peace
           ,
           will
           no
           longer
           entreat
           them
           to
           give
           this
           ,
           but
           then
           force
           them
           to
           pay
           more
           ,
           both
           to
           punish
           their
           crime
           ,
           and
           also
           to
           re-fill
           their
           drained
           Coffers
           against
           a
           new
           occasion
           :
           For
           't
           would
           be
           a
           folly
           in
           them
           to
           think
           ever
           to
           quiet
           the
           Turk
           by
           Concessions
           .
        
         
         
           To
           make
           the
           Port
           desist
           from
           troubling
           Christendom
           ,
           is
           not
           by
           yielding
           ,
           but
           by
           sending
           them
           home
           with
           Loss
           .
           Were
           therefore
           the
           Enemy
           unkennell'd
           here
           ,
           he
           must
           needs
           return
           with
           great
           confusion
           and
           disgrace
           :
           For
           this
           footing
           which
           he
           has
           now
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           is
           the
           only
           thing
           he
           can
           shew
           for
           the
           unspeakable
           damage
           that
           from
           time
           to
           time
           he
           has
           suffer'd
           ;
           yet
           should
           he
           at
           last
           master
           the
           Place
           ,
           he
           would
           not
           think
           he
           has
           paid
           too
           dear
           ,
           seeing
           by
           
           the
           purchase
           he
           quite
           drives
           the
           Christians
           out
           of
           the
           Levant
           ;
           and
           let
           them
           then
           be
           never
           so
           strong
           at
           Sea
           ,
           without
           a
           new
           Conquest
           they
           can
           only
           molest
           and
           not
           hurt
           him
           ;
           for
           the
           weather
           and
           want
           will
           force
           them
           back
           ,
           leaving
           him
           his
           desired
           Rule
           and
           Signory
           .
           Besides
           ,
           with
           Candie
           must
           also
           fall
           
             Zante
             ,
             Cephalonia
          
           ,
           and
           perchance
           Corfu
           too
           ;
           both
           the
           first
           Places
           being
           inconsiderable
           for
           strength
           ,
           but
           of
           wonderful
           utility
           to
           Christendom
           ,
           as
           a
           Recess
           for
           
           their
           Fleet
           ,
           and
           abounding
           in
           all
           kind
           of
           Plenty
           .
           If
           then
           these
           Islands
           be
           taken
           ,
           Italy
           must
           needs
           be
           in
           an
           ill
           condition
           ,
           the
           Turks
           Navy
           Harbouring
           safely
           so
           neer
           ,
           with
           which
           he
           can
           Land
           in
           a
           trice
           what
           men
           he
           please
           ,
           whensoever
           he
           shall
           think
           fit
           to
           Invade
           .
        
         
           When
           I
           arrived
           here
           ,
           I
           much
           admired
           why
           the
           Enemy
           from
           the
           neighbouring
           Continent
           did
           not
           on
           a
           sudden
           Transport
           9
           or
           10000
           Men
           ,
           and
           thereby
           possess
           himself
           of
           these
           places
           that
           are
           weak
           ,
           
           being
           a
           great
           loss
           to
           his
           Foes
           ,
           and
           so
           pertinent
           for
           his
           Designs
           and
           Business
           .
           But
           I
           have
           since
           found
           (
           besides
           the
           Venetians
           possibility
           of
           preventing
           )
           there
           are
           other
           causes
           that
           wholly
           divert
           him
           from
           the
           Enterprize
           .
        
         
           As
           ,
           first
           ,
           Should
           he
           make
           the
           Surprize
           now
           ,
           yet
           he
           could
           not
           accomplish
           his
           purpose
           of
           setting
           upon
           the
           West
           :
           For
           seeing
           the
           Infidels
           declare
           ,
           They
           are
           not
           to
           encrease
           their
           Empire
           by
           Victories
           at
           Sea
           ,
           they
           will
           at
           no
           time
           willingly
           
           engage
           with
           the
           Christian
           Fleet
           ;
           and
           therefore
           confess
           by
           the
           overthrows
           they
           have
           had
           ,
           That
           theirs
           is
           at
           present
           to
           Transport
           Men
           and
           Necessaries
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           Fight
           .
           Now
           whilst
           Candie
           stands
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Harbours
           that
           depend
           on
           its
           resistance
           ,
           if
           the
           Turks
           shall
           send
           their
           Navy
           to
           fall
           on
           Italy
           ,
           they
           are
           sure
           to
           be
           met
           by
           ours
           ,
           which
           they
           acknowledge
           will
           ruine
           them
           as
           often
           as
           they
           are
           assaulted
           .
           And
           thus
           till
           they
           have
           wholly
           subdued
           the
           
           Kingdom
           ,
           they
           can
           have
           no
           safe
           passage
           for
           their
           Fleet
           to
           these
           Isles
           ,
           let
           them
           take
           what
           Season
           of
           the
           Year
           they
           please
           .
        
         
           Again
           ,
           It
           thwarts
           the
           Turkish
           Maxim
           ,
           to
           hazard
           much
           (
           without
           an
           indispensible
           necessity
           )
           in
           the
           getting
           of
           a
           place
           ,
           whilst
           behind
           there
           remains
           something
           yet
           to
           be
           subdu'd
           ;
           And
           their
           ground
           for
           it
           is
           ,
           That
           undoubtedly
           believing
           one
           day
           to
           be
           Masters
           of
           the
           whole
           World
           ,
           the
           method
           to
           be
           used
           is
           a
           progression
           by
           degrees
           ,
           
           and
           Patience
           ;
           taking
           first
           the
           thing
           next
           them
           ,
           and
           then
           what
           borders
           upon
           what
           they
           got
           last
           :
           And
           by
           this
           means
           they
           are
           not
           only
           free
           from
           an
           Enemy
           at
           their
           backs
           ,
           and
           danger
           in
           Retreats
           ,
           but
           have
           thus
           lull'd
           asleep
           Christianity
           hitherto
           ,
           as
           thinking
           it self
           yet
           far
           enough
           from
           danger
           ,
           having
           lost
           but
           one
           Town
           more
           then
           it
           had
           before
           .
           But
           should
           the
           Grand
           Signior
           on
           a
           sudden
           step
           too
           forward
           (
           as
           when
           by
           taking
           of
           Otranto
           he
           got
           
           footing
           in
           Italy
           )
           he
           is
           sure
           to
           be
           presently
           beaten
           out
           ,
           and
           in
           danger
           also
           to
           awake
           his
           Enemies
           so
           far
           ,
           that
           all
           Christian
           Princes
           might
           again
           joyn
           in
           a
           League
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           only
           thing
           he
           fears
           .
           To
           avoid
           therefore
           this
           ,
           when
           Christendom
           is
           at
           Peace
           does
           he
           commonly
           begin
           a
           War
           with
           Persia
           ;
           and
           if
           afterwards
           differences
           break
           out
           ,
           he
           leaves
           then
           that
           usually
           fruitless
           Enterprize
           ,
           to
           gain
           upon
           them
           ,
           who
           ,
           were
           they
           united
           ,
           would
           Conquer
           more
           in
           
           Five
           years
           then
           ever
           he
           yet
           got
           in
           Fifty
           .
        
         
           I
           cannot
           think
           this
           (
           
             Royal
             Sir
          
           )
           altogether
           a
           Christian
           Bravado
           ,
           but
           that
           which
           may
           be
           probably
           imagined
           ,
           if
           I
           look
           upon
           what
           the
           glorious
           Venetians
           themselves
           with
           a
           small
           Number
           have
           done
           ,
           or
           consider
           how
           destitute
           of
           Men
           and
           Strong
           Places
           all
           his
           Provinces
           are
           ;
           or
           lastly
           reflect
           upon
           the
           wideness
           of
           his
           Dominions
           on
           this
           Sea
           ;
           so
           that
           't
           were
           impossible
           to
           defend
           them
           all
           were
           they
           ordinarily
           
           populous
           ;
           but
           they
           are
           not
           so
           ,
           as
           I
           said
           ;
           and
           besides
           ,
           most
           of
           the
           people
           there
           are
           also
           Christians
           .
           I
           cannot
           estimate
           his
           Strength
           by
           what
           it
           is
           in
           Hungary
           ,
           and
           thereabouts
           ;
           for
           those
           Frontiers
           being
           but
           comparatively
           little
           ,
           he
           can
           defend
           them
           with
           his
           prime
           Men
           ;
           and
           therefore
           if
           ever
           his
           ruine
           be
           by
           force
           ,
           he
           must
           be
           plaid
           with
           on
           that
           side
           only
           ,
           and
           attaqu'd
           on
           this
           .
           Here
           his
           Enemies
           may
           pick
           and
           chuse
           ;
           and
           if
           by
           chance
           one
           Country
           be
           found
           
           well
           mann'd
           ,
           the
           Wind
           without
           charge
           in
           24
           hours
           will
           carry
           them
           to
           another
           ,
           which
           a
           hundred
           to
           one
           will
           yield
           without
           resistance
           .
           Doubtless
           he
           is
           but
           weak
           ,
           as
           may
           be
           seen
           by
           his
           late
           utmost
           endeavour
           against
           the
           Emperour
           :
           And
           yet
           his
           seeming
           Greatness
           strikes
           such
           terrors
           in
           every
           body
           neer
           him
           ,
           that
           all
           now
           allow
           there
           is
           no
           medium
           left
           ,
           but
           either
           Christianity
           must
           destroy
           this
           Antichrist
           ,
           or
           he
           it
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           in
           their
           Earthly
           Rule
           and
           Dominion
           .
        
         
         
           The
           present
           State
           then
           of
           the
           Venetian
           Affairs
           is
           ;
           The
           City
           of
           Candie
           is
           in
           a
           good
           condition
           ,
           the
           Island
           lost
           ;
           in
           Dalmatia
           and
           the
           Sea
           they
           have
           had
           the
           better
           ,
           and
           yet
           the
           Turk
           expects
           his
           ends
           :
           And
           this
           is
           a
           Misfortune
           the
           Republique
           has
           ,
           That
           their
           nearest
           Neighbours
           think
           they
           want
           no
           help
           :
           And
           thus
           may
           they
           be
           tired
           out
           ,
           if
           not
           beaten
           at
           last
           ,
           to
           the
           infinite
           loss
           of
           Christendom
           .
        
         
           
             Gracious
             Sir
          
           ,
        
         
           To
           conclude
           ,
           No
           War
           (
           as
           hitherto
           )
           was
           ever
           
           more
           extravagant
           then
           this
           ;
           for
           in
           it
           the
           Republique
           has
           lost
           a
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           yet
           are
           still
           Victorious
           ;
           And
           though
           the
           Turks
           be
           Conquerors
           ,
           the
           World
           may
           nevertheless
           see
           ,
           That
           they
           are
           no
           longer
           Invincible
           .
        
         
           
             Venice
             ,
             
               Novemb.
               14.
               1665.
               
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           Postscript
           to
           the
           Reader
           .
        
         
           ON
           the
           15th
           of
           April
           ,
           1664.
           the
           present
           Generalissimo
           
             Andrea
             Cornaro
          
           Embarqu'd
           himself
           at
           Malamocco
           ,
           who
           civilly
           received
           my
           Resolution
           of
           accompanying
           him
           into
           the
           Levant
           .
           It
           was
           then
           the
           expectation
           of
           all
           that
           much
           would
           be
           done
           that
           year
           ,
           since
           the
           Turk
           had
           drain'd
           himself
           to
           the
           utmost
           in
           his
           great
           Preparations
           
           against
           the
           Emperour
           :
           But
           yet
           the
           Venetians
           did
           nothing
           ,
           wanting
           what
           they
           said
           they
           expected
           ;
           and
           so
           on
           the
           20th
           of
           October
           following
           I
           returned
           to
           Venice
           with
           
             Nicolo
             Cornaro
          
           the
           General
           of
           Candie
           ,
           to
           whom
           I
           was
           particularly
           obliged
           for
           many
           favours
           in
           his
           Government
           ,
           on
           the
           Seas
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Lazaretto
           also
           .
           You
           must
           know
           none
           comes
           ever
           from
           the
           East
           into
           Italy
           without
           keeping
           a
           Quarantena
           ,
           which
           is
           fourty
           days
           Separation
           ,
           to
           try
           
           whether
           he
           be
           infected
           with
           the
           Plague
           or
           not
           ;
           and
           the
           reason
           is
           ,
           because
           they
           have
           a
           received
           Opinion
           ,
           That
           the
           Grand
           Signiors
           Dominion
           is
           never
           free
           from
           that
           Pestilential
           Contagion
           .
           In
           the
           Lazaretto
           then
           ,
           or
           place
           of
           Sequestration
           ,
           I
           had
           time
           to
           digest
           these
           Observations
           ;
           and
           this
           I
           can
           assure
           you
           (
           Reader
           )
           that
           the
           matter
           of
           fact
           is
           undoubtedly
           true
           ,
           since
           I
           made
           use
           of
           nothing
           which
           was
           not
           affirmed
           by
           the
           chiefest
           Commanders
           ,
           and
           those
           
           of
           different
           Nations
           and
           Interests
           .
        
         
           Here
           we
           had
           News
           of
           the
           dishonourable
           Peace
           made
           with
           the
           Vizier
           by
           the
           Court-party
           at
           Vienna
           ,
           which
           sav'd
           his
           Head
           ,
           but
           brought
           them
           little
           Honour
           and
           Reputation
           ;
           for
           the
           Christians
           were
           not
           only
           the
           death
           of
           old
           
             Ali
             Bassa
          
           (
           their
           best
           Commander
           )
           with
           ten
           thousand
           Janizaries
           ;
           but
           put
           the
           whole
           Army
           into
           such
           a
           consternation
           ,
           that
           had
           Montecuculi
           pursued
           his
           advantage
           ,
           it
           had
           been
           the
           greatest
           
           Victory
           perchance
           that
           ever
           was
           .
        
         
           Never
           were
           the
           Venetians
           more
           troubled
           then
           at
           this
           Accommodation
           ;
           for
           now
           their
           Enemy
           had
           no
           body
           to
           divert
           his
           Fury
           ,
           and
           was
           ready
           also
           on
           the
           Confines
           ,
           with
           all
           manner
           of
           Necessaries
           ,
           to
           fall
           the
           next
           Spring
           upon
           
             Dalmatia
             .
             Cataro
          
           was
           the
           place
           they
           feared
           would
           be
           first
           assaulted
           ;
           nor
           is
           it
           so
           strong
           but
           that
           they
           might
           well
           apprehend
           a
           danger
           .
        
         
           Thus
           stood
           their
           Affairs
           when
           I
           took
           leave
           of
           the
           
           General
           for
           Rome
           ;
           nor
           did
           the
           Senate
           then
           think
           of
           any
           thing
           but
           defence
           ,
           having
           quitted
           all
           thoughts
           of
           regaining
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Candie
           .
           Yet
           this
           real
           occasion
           of
           fear
           at
           last
           blew
           over
           ;
           for
           the
           Turkish
           Army
           (
           as
           it
           were
           )
           quite
           mouldred
           away
           through
           the
           loosness
           of
           the
           Grand
           Signior
           ,
           having
           wholly
           abandoned
           himself
           to
           pleasure
           :
           Nor
           did
           the
           Vizier's
           coolness
           contribute
           little
           ,
           who
           was
           newly
           escaped
           from
           an
           eminent
           danger
           in
           Hungary
           ,
           and
           therefore
           
           now
           cautious
           how
           to
           begin
           a
           new
           project
           ,
           seeing
           his
           utter
           ruine
           must
           needs
           accompany
           the
           unsuccesfulness
           of
           the
           Action
           .
        
         
           This
           prime
           Minister
           is
           Son
           and
           immediate
           Successor
           to
           the
           late
           Vizier
           ;
           a
           thing
           not
           to
           be
           parallell'd
           ,
           as
           I
           take
           it
           ,
           in
           all
           their
           Story
           .
           He
           is
           esteem'd
           a
           man
           of
           Wit
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           pretender
           to
           Astrology
           ,
           but
           no
           Souldier
           ;
           which
           though
           it
           may
           well
           agree
           with
           the
           Constitution
           of
           a
           Christian
           Government
           ,
           yet
           never
           can
           suit
           theirs
           :
           for
           not
           to
           
           go
           forward
           in
           Conquest
           ,
           with
           them
           is
           assuredly
           to
           effeminate
           their
           Men
           ,
           and
           presently
           to
           relapse
           into
           a
           far
           worse
           condition
           .
           His
           being
           otherwise
           bred
           makes
           him
           not
           beloved
           by
           the
           Militia
           ;
           and
           this
           is
           encreased
           by
           the
           hatred
           they
           bore
           his
           Father
           :
           for
           after
           the
           Men
           at
           Arms
           had
           murthered
           Ibraim
           the
           late
           Emperour
           ,
           upon
           the
           Proclaiming
           of
           him
           that
           now
           Reigns
           an
           Act
           of
           Indempnity
           passed
           ,
           to
           pardon
           the
           numerous
           Guilty
           .
           Nevertheless
           ,
           the
           old
           Bassa
           found
           
           means
           by
           degrees
           (
           upon
           other
           pretences
           )
           to
           bring
           all
           to
           execution
           ;
           which
           thing
           ,
           though
           by
           Providence
           it
           has
           half
           ruined
           the
           Empire
           (
           in
           scarce
           leaving
           one
           good
           Officer
           behind
           )
           yet
           the
           punishing
           of
           Regicides
           has
           entailed
           such
           a
           Blessing
           on
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           went
           not
           only
           with
           gray
           hairs
           to
           the
           grave
           ,
           but
           left
           his
           Son
           also
           Heir
           to
           his
           wonderful
           Greatness
           and
           Power
           .
        
         
           The
           Venetians
           having
           weather'd
           this
           Storm
           ,
           and
           thereby
           discover'd
           the
           incurable
           
           Lethargy
           of
           the
           Port
           ,
           resolved
           to
           be
           offensive
           again
           ,
           and
           now
           to
           provide
           for
           the
           driving
           them
           out
           of
           the
           Island
           .
           The
           Marquess
           Villa
           they
           appointed
           General
           of
           the
           Arms
           ,
           who
           is
           a
           Ferrarese
           by
           birth
           ,
           and
           was
           formerly
           in
           the
           Service
           of
           Savoy
           :
           He
           was
           not
           in
           the
           Army
           during
           my
           stay
           ,
           Vert-Miller
           a
           Switz
           having
           then
           this
           Office
           ;
           but
           now
           the
           Affair
           is
           recommended
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           in
           it
           he
           has
           had
           Success
           ;
           for
           the
           Turks
           are
           both
           hindred
           from
           expected
           
           Supplies
           ,
           and
           also
           at
           present
           closely
           Besieg'd
           in
           Canea
           ;
           which
           if
           the
           Republique
           can
           take
           (
           as
           it
           is
           verily
           hoped
           at
           Venice
           )
           no
           body
           then
           doubts
           of
           a
           through
           Conquest
           .
        
         
           Nor
           will
           any
           thing
           ever
           be
           greater
           in
           Story
           then
           this
           ,
           That
           a
           handful
           of
           men
           (
           perfidiously
           surprised
           by
           the
           dreadfullest
           Enemy
           on
           earth
           )
           should
           yet
           continue
           a
           War
           more
           then
           20
           years
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           send
           him
           home
           naked
           ,
           after
           so
           unexpressible
           a
           loss
           both
           of
           Blood
           and
           Treasure
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           IMPRIMATUR
           ,
        
         
           
             
               May
               12.
               1666.
               
            
             Roger
             L'Estrange
             .
          
        
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A31229-e670
           
             63
             ,
             65
             ,