tom swift and his undersea search or the treasure on the floor of the atlantic by victor appleton contents chapter i untold millions ii a strange offer iii thinking it over iv against his will v busy days vi mary's odd story vii the trial trip viii the mud bank ix ready to start x startling revelations xi barton keith's story xii in deep waters xiii the sea monster xiv in strange peril xv tom to the rescue xvi gasping for air xvii where is it? xviii a separation xix the serpent weed xx the devil fish xxi a war reminder xxii studying currents xxiii an undersea collision xxiv the treasure ship xxv the steel box tom swift and his undersea search chapter i untold millions "tom, this is certainly wonderful reading! over a hundred million dollars' worth of silver at the bottom of the ocean! more than two hundred million dollars in gold! to say nothing of fifty millions in copper, ten millions in--" "say, hold on there, ned! hold on! where do you get that stuff; as the boys say? has something gone wrong with one of the adding machines, or is it just on account of the heat? what's the big idea, anyhow? how many millions did you say?" and tom swift, the talented young inventor, looked at ned newton, his financial manager, with a quizzical smile. "it's all right, tom! it's all right!" declared ned, and it needed but a glance to show that he was more serious than was his companion. "i'm not suffering from the heat, though the thermometer is getting close to ninety-five in the shade. and if you want to know where i get 'that stuff' read this!" he tossed over to his chum, employer, and friend--for tom swift assumed all three relations toward ned newton--part of a sunday newspaper. it was turned to a page containing a big illustration of a diver attired in the usual rubber suit and big helmet, moving about on the floor of the ocean and digging out boxes of what was supposed to be gold from a sunken wreck. "oh, that stuff!" exclaimed tom, with a smile of disbelief as he saw the source of ned's information. "seems to me i've read something like that before, ned!" "of course you have!" agreed the young financial manager of the newly organized swift construction company. "it isn't anything new. this wealth of untold millions has been at the bottom of the sea for many years--always increasing with nobody ever spending a cent of it. and since the great war this wealth has been enormously added to because of the sinking of so many ships by german submarines." "well, what's that got to do with us, ned?" asked tom, as he looked over some blue prints and other papers on his desk, for the talk was taking place in his office. "you and i did our part in the war, but i don't see what all this undersea wealth has to do with us. we've got our work cut out for us if we take care of all the new contracts that came in this week." "yes, i know," admitted ned. "but i couldn't help calling your attention to this article, tom. it's authentic!" "authentic? what do you mean? "well, the man who wrote it went to the trouble of getting from the ship insurance companies a list of all the wrecks and lost vessels carrying gold and silver coin, bullion, and other valuables. he has gone back a hundred years, and he brings it right down to just before the war. hasn't had time to compile that list, the article says. but without counting the vessels the germans sank, there is, in various places on the bottom of the ocean today, wrecks of ships that carried, when they went down, gold, silver, copper and other metals to the value of at least ten billions of dollars!" tom swift did not seem to be at all surprised by the explosive emphasis with which ned newton conveyed this information. he gazed calmly at his friend and manager, and then handed the paper back. "i haven't time to look at it now," said tom. "but is there anything new in the story? i mean has any of the wealth been recovered lately--or is it in a way to be?" "yes!" exclaimed ned. "it is! a company has been formed in japan for the purpose of using a new kind of diving bell, invented by an american, it seems. the inventor claims that in his machine he can go down deeper than ever man went before, and bring up a lot of this lost ocean wealth." "well, every so often an inventor, or some one who calls himself that, crops up with a new proposal for cleaning up the untold millions on the floor of the atlantic or the pacific," replied tom. "mind you, i'm not saying it isn't there. everybody knows that hundreds of ships carrying gold and silver have gone down in storms or been sunk in war. and some of the gold and silver has been recovered by divers--i admit that. in fact, if you recall, my father and i perfected a new style diving dress a few years ago that was successfully used in getting down to a wreck off the cuban coast. a treasure ship went down there, and i believe they recovered a large part of the gold bullion--or perhaps it was silver. "but this diving bell stunt isn't new, and it hasn't been successful. of course a man can go down to a greater depth in a thick iron diving bell than he can in a diving suit. that's common knowledge. but the trouble with a diving bell is that it can't be moved about as a man can move about in a diving suit. the man in the bell can't get inside the wreck, and it's there where the gold or silver is usually to be found." "can't they blow the wreck apart with dynamite, and scatter the gold on the bottom of the ocean?" asked ned. "yes, they could do that, but usually they scatter it so far, and the ocean currents so cover it with sand, that it is impossible ever to get it again. i admit that if a wreck is blown apart a man in a diving bell can perhaps get a small part of it. but the limitations of a diving bell are so well recognized that several inventors have tried adjusting movable arms to the bell, to be operated by the man inside." "did they work?" asked ned. "after a fashion, yes. but i never heard of any case where the gold and silver recovered paid for the expenses of making the bell and sending men down in it. for it takes the same sort of outfit to aid the man in the diving bell as it does the diver in his usual rubber or steel suit. air has to be pumped to him, and he has to be lowered and raised." "well, isn't there any way of getting at this gold on the floor of the ocean?" asked ned, his enthusiasm a little cooled by the practical "cold water" tom had thrown. "oh, yes, of course there is, in a way," was the answer of the young inventor. "don't you remember how my father and i, with mr. damon and captain weston, went in our submarine, the advance, and discovered the wreck of the boldero?" "i do recall that," admitted ned. "well," resumed tom, "there was a case of showing how much trouble we had. an ordinary diving outfit never would have answered. we had to locate the wreck, and a hard time we had doing it. then, when we found it, we had to ram the old ship and blow it apart before we could get inside. even after that we just happened to discover the gold, as it were. i'm only mentioning this to show you it isn't so easy to get at the wealth under the sea as writers in sunday newspaper supplements think it is." "i believe you, tom. and yet it seems a shame to have all those millions going to waste, doesn't it?" and ned spoke as a banker and financial man, who is not happy unless money is earning interest all the while. "well, a billion of dollars is a lot," tom admitted. "and when you think of all that have been sunk, say even in the last hundred years, it amazes one. but still, all the gold and silver was hidden in the earth before it was dug out, and now it's only gone back where it came from, in a way. we got along before men dug it out and coined it into money, and i guess we'll get along when it's under water. no use worrying over the ocean treasures, as far as i'm concerned." "you're a hopeless proposition!" laughed ned. "you'd never make a banker, or a napoleon of finance." "that's why my father and i got you to look after our financial affairs," and tom smiled. "you're just the one--with your interest-bearing mind--to keep us off the shoals of business trouble." "yes, i suppose i can do that, while you and your father go on inventing giant cannons, great searchlights, submarines, and airships," conceded ned. "but this, to me, did look like an easy way of making money." "how's that, ned?" asked tom, a new note coming into his voice. "were you thinking of going to japan and taking a hand in the undersea search?" "no. but stock in this company is being sold, and shareholders stand to win big returns--if the wrecks are come upon." "that's just it!" exclaimed tom. "if they find the wrecks! and let me tell you, ned, that there's a mighty big 'if' in it all. do you realize how hard it is to find anything on the ocean, to say nothing of something under it?" "i hadn't thought of it." "well, you'd better think of it. you know on the ocean sailors have to locate a certain imaginary position by calculation, using the sun and stars as guides. of course, they have navigation down pretty fine, and a good pilot can get to a place on the surface of the ocean and meet another craft there almost as well as you and i can make an appointment to meet at main and broad streets at a certain hour. "but lots of times there are errors in calculations or a storm comes up hiding the sun and stars, and, instead of a captain getting to where he wants to, he's anywhere from one to a hundred miles out. now the location of broad and main streets doesn't change even in a storm. "and i'm not saying that a location on an ocean changes. i'm only saying that the least disturbance or error in calculation makes it almost impossible to find the exact spot. and if it's that hard on the surface, where you can see what you're doing, how much harder is it in regard to something on the bottom of the sea? so don't take any stock in these ocean treasure recovering companies. they may not be fakes, but they're mighty uncertain." "oh, i don't know that i was really going to buy any stock in this japanese concern, tom. i only thought it would be interesting to think about. and perhaps you might sell them a submarine or some of your diving apparatus." "nothing doing, ned. we've got other plans, my father and i. there's that new tractor for use in the big wheat-growing belt, to say nothing of--" tom's remarks were interrupted by voices outside his office door. one voice, in particular, rose above the others. it said: "no can go in! the master he am busily! no can go in!" "nonsense, koku!" exclaimed a man, and at the sound of his voice tom and ned smiled. "nonsense! of course i can go in! why, bless my watch fob, i must go in! i've got the greatest proposition to lay before tom swift that he ever heard of! there's at least a million in it! let me pass, koku!" "mr. damon!" murmured tom swift. "i wonder what he has on his mind now?" as he spoke the door opened rather violently and a short, stout man, evidently much excited, fairly burst into the room, followed, more sedately, by a stranger. chapter ii a strange offer "hello, tom swift! hello, ned! glad to see you both! busy, as usual, i'll wager. bless my check book! i never saw you when you weren't busy at some scheme or other, tom, my boy. but i won't take up much of your time. tom swift, let me introduce my friend, mr. dixwell hardley. mr. hardley, shake hands with tom swift, one of the youngest, and yet one of the greatest, inventors in the world! i've told you a little about him, but it would take me all day to tell you what he really has done and--" "hold on, mr. damon!" laughed tom, as he shook hands with the man whom mr. damon had named dixwell hardley. "hold on, if you please. there's a limit to it, you know, and already you've said enough about me to--" "bless my ink bottle, tom, i haven't said half enough!" interrupted the little, eccentric man. "wait until you hear what he has done, mr. hardley. then, if you don't say he's the very chap for your wonderful scheme, i'm mighty much mistaken! and shake hands with ned newton, too. he's tom's financial manager, and of course he'll have something to say. though when he hears how you are going to turn over a couple of million dollars or more, why, i know he'll be on our side." ned's eyes sparkled at the mention of the money. in truth he dealt in dollars and cents for the benefit of tom swift. ned shook hands with mr. hardley and tom motioned mr. damon and his friend to chairs. "now, tom," went on the strange little man, "i know you're busy. bless my adding machine, i never saw you when--" at that moment there arose in the corridor outside tom's private office a discord of voices, in which one could be heard exclaiming: "now yo' clear out oh heah! massa tom done tole me to sweep dish yeah place, an' ef yo' doan let me alone, why--why--" "huh! radicate him big stiff--dat's what! big stiff! too stiff for sweep master's floor. koku sweep one hand!" "oh, yo' t'ink 'case yo' is sich a big giant, yo' kin git de best ob ole black rad! but i'll show yo' dat--" "excuse me a moment," said tom, with a smile to his guests as he arose. "eradicate and koku are at it again, i'm sorry to say. i'll have to go out and arbitrate the strike," and he left the room. while he is settling the differences between his faithful old black servant and koku, the giant, i will take the opportunity of telling my new readers something about tom swift. those who are familiar with the previous books of this series may skip this part. but it will give my new audience a better insight into this story if they will bear with me a moment and peruse these few lines. as related in the first book, "tom swift and his motor cycle," the hero seemed born an inventive genius. it was this inventive faculty which enabled him to take the motor cycle that tried to climb a tree with mr. wakefield damon on it and make the wreck into a serviceable bit of mechanism. thus tom became acquainted with mr. damon, who among other eccentricities, was always "blessing" something personal. tom swift lived in the city of shopton with his father and their faithful housekeeper, mrs. baggert. it was so named because the swift shops were an important industry there. tom's father, as well as tom himself, was an inventor of note, and employed many men in building machines of various kinds. during the great war the services of tom and his father had been dedicated to the government. there are a number of books dealing with tom's activities, the list of titles of which may be found at the beginning of this volume. sufficient to say here, that tom invented and operated motor boats, airships, and submarines. in addition he traveled on many expeditions with mr. damon, ned, and others. he went among the diamond makers and it was when he escaped from captivity that he managed to bring away koku, the giant, with him. since then koku and eradicate sampson, the faithful colored man, had periodic quarrels as to who should serve the young inventor. besides inventing and using many machines of motive power, tom swift engaged in other industries. he helped dig a big tunnel, he constructed a photo-telephone, a great searchlight and a monster cannon. occasionally he had searched for treasure, once under the sea, with considerable success. of late his and his father's industries had become so important that a number of new buildings had been constructed and the plant greatly enlarged. ned newton, who had once worked in a shopton bank, became financial manager for tom and his father, and plenty of work he found with which to occupy himself. just prior to the opening of this story tom had perfected a noiseless aeroplane--or one so nearly silent as to justify the name. the details of it will be found in the book called "tom swift and his air scout." in this mechanism of the air tom had had some wonderful experiences, and they had not been at home more than a few weeks when new newton broached the subject of undersea wealth. the talk of tom and his financial manager was interrupted by the arrival of mr. damon and the stranger he had introduced as mr. hardley. eradicate, or "rad," and koku, have been mentioned. rad was an ancient colored man who once owned a mule named boomerang. sampson was the colored servant's last name, and he declared he had chosen the one "eradicate" because in his younger days he was a great cleaner and whitewasher, "eradicating" the dirt, so to speak. boomerang had, some time since, gone where all good mules go, though eradicate declared he would get another and call him boomerang ii. but, so far, he had not done so. rad, though too old to do heavy work, still believed he was indispensable to the welfare of tom and his father; and as the giant koku, who was physically an immense man, held the same view, it followed there were frequent clashes between the two, as on the occasion just mentioned. "what was the matter, tom?" asked ned, when the young inventor came back into the room. "oh, the same old story," replied tom. "rad wanted to sweep the hall, and koku insisted he was to do it." "what'd you do, tom?" asked mr. damon. "i settled it by having rad sweep this hall and sending koku to do another--a bigger one i told him. he likes hard work, so he was pleased. now we'll have it quiet for a little while. did i understand you to say, mr. damon, that--er--mr. hardley i believe the name is--had a proposition to make to me?" "that's exactly it, my dear mr. swift!" broke in the man in question. "i have a wonderful offer to make you, and i'm sure you will admit that it will be well worth your while to consider and accept it. there will be at least a million in it--" "bless my check book, i thought you said several millions!" exclaimed mr. damon. "so i did," was the rather nettled answer. "i was about to say, mr. damon, that there will be at least a million in it for mr. swift, and another million for myself. there may be more, but i want to be conservative." "talking in millions, and calling himself conservative," mused ned newton. "somehow or other i don't just cotton to this fellow!" "when our mutual friend, mr. damon, told me about you, my dear mr. swift," went on mr. hardley, "i at once came to the conclusion that you were the very man i wanted to do business with. i'm sure it will be to our mutual advantage." tom swift said nothing. he was willing to let the other talk, while he waited to see how far he would go. and, as tom said afterward, he, as had ned, took an instinctive dislike to mr. hardley. he could not say definitely what it was, but that was his feeling. that he might be mistaken, he admitted frankly. time alone could tell. "have you a half hour to give me while it explain matters?" asked mr. hardley. "i may go farther and say i need considerable time to go into all the details. may i speak now?" to tell the truth tom swift had many important matters to consider, and, in addition, ned newton was prepared to go over some financial ends of the business with tom. but the young inventor felt that, in justice to his friend mr. damon, who had brought mr. hardley, he could do no less than give the stranger a hearing. but only the introduction by mr. damon brought this about. "i shall be glad to hear what you have to say, mr. hardley," said tom, as courteously as he could. "i will not go so far as to say that my time is unlimited, but i will listen to you now if you care to go into details." "that's good!" exclaimed the visitor. "i'm sure that when you have listened you will agree with me." "he's a little bit too sure!" mused ned. "bless my pocketbook, tom, but there are millions in it!" exclaimed mr. damon. "literally millions, tom!" mr. hardley settled himself comfortably in his chair and looked from tom to ned. "may i speak freely here?" he asked, with obvious intent. "you may," the young inventor answered. "mr. newton is my financial manager, and i do nothing of importance without consulting him. you may regard him as a member of the firm, in fact, as he does own some stock. my father is practically retired, and i do not trouble him with unimportant details. so mr. newton and i are prepared to listen to you." "very well, mr. swift, i'm going to ask you a question. have you all the money you want?" tom laughed. "i suppose any man would answer that question in the negative," he replied. "frankly, i could use more money, though i am not poor." "so i have heard. well, would a million dollars clear profit appeal to you?" "it certainly would," was the answer. "then i am prepared to offer you that sum," went on mr. hardley. "but there are certain conditions, and i may say that this vast wealth is not easy to come at. however, with your inventive genius, i am sure you will be able to solve the mystery of the sea. now then as to details. there lies, on the floor of the ocean--" "hark!" exclaimed tom, raising a hand to enjoin silence. "i think i hear some one coming." at that moment there was a knock at the door. chapter iii thinking it over "father, is that you?" asked tom. "father hasn't been feeling well, of late," he said to the assembled company, "and i told him to go to lie down. but he's hard to manage, and he won't rest more than ten minutes at a time. my father, i might explain, mr. hardley," tom went on, "is actively associated with me in business." "so i have understood," said the man who had been introduced by mr. damon. "dis koku!" came the guttural voice of the giant from the other side of the door. "koku want more work. hall, him all clean. maybe i help dat no-good rad now." "no you don't, koku!" exclaimed the young inventor, with a laugh. "you keep away from rad. you'll get to disputing again and interrupt me, and i have business on hand. here, wait a minute. i'll find something for you to do," he went on, opening the door to disclose the immense man standing outside, a broom in his hand seeming like a toy. "excuse me one moment," went on tom to his friends. taking up his desk telephone he called one of the shops, asking: "have you any heavy work on hand this morning; lifting big castings, or anything like that? you have? good! i'll send koku right over." turning to the giant who apparently had not paid much attention to the talk over the wire, tom said: "koku, go over to shop number ten, ask for the foreman, and he'll keep you busy. there are some five-hundred-pound castings that need assembling, and you can help him." "good!" exclaimed the giant, with a cheerful grin. "koku like big work--no like sweep. good for women and rad, but not for koku!" "he spoke the truth there," remarked ned newton, as the giant stalked down the hall. "i never saw such a strong man. i'm afraid to shake hands with him, for fear i'll be minus a couple of fingers in the operation." "well, he's disposed of," remarked tom, as he closed the door. "and now, mr. hardley, i'm at your service, as far as listening to your proposition is concerned." "thank you. i shall endeavor to be brief," remarked the visitor. "am i correct in assuming that you have had some experience in submarine work? i believe mr. damon mentioned something of that sort." "submarine work? bless my hydrometer, i should say so!" exclaimed the eccentric man. "and not only in submarine, but in aeroplane! but you don't need any aeroplanes, my dear mr. hardley. it's the submarine end of it that you are interested in, as far as tom swift is concerned. now go ahead and tell him what you told me, and how many millions there are in it." "very well," assented the visitor. "have you ever had any experience in recovering treasure from sunken wrecks?" he asked tom. "yes," was the answer. "and it is curious that you should ask me that, for my friend here, ned newton, and i were just talking about that very matter. here's what brought it up," and tom showed the page from the sunday paper. "hum! yes!" musingly remarked mr. hardley. "that's all very well. part of it is true; but i imagine most of it is the work of imagination of some enterprising reporter. of course there is no question but that there are untold millions on the bottom of the ocean. the only trouble, as i think you will agree with me, mr. swift, is in coming at the money." "exactly," said tom. "and will you bear me out when i say that if the wreck of a treasure ship could be exactly located in water that is not too deep, half the trouble would be solved?" asked mr. hardley. "a good share of it would," answered tom. "that is usually the chief difficulty--locating the wreck. nearly always they are anywhere from one to five miles from where the persons seeking them think they are. and five miles, or even half a mile, is a good distance on the bottom of the ocean." "exactly," echoed mr. hardley. "then if i could give you the exact location of a sunken treasure ship, and prove to you that the owners had given up the search for it, leaving it open to salvage on the part of whoever wished to try--would that be any inducement to you to make an attempt, mr. swift?" "i should want to hear more about it before i gave an answer," replied tom. "as perhaps mr. damon has told you, i once went on a hunt for treasure in my submarine. we found it, but only after considerable trouble, and then i declared i'd never again engage in such a search. there wasn't enough net profit in it." "but there are millions in this, tom! bless my gold tooth, but there are millions!" cried the excitable mr. damon. "hurry up and tell him!" he urged his friend. "i will," assented mr. hardley. "i can readily believe," he went on, "that the cost of hunting for undersea treasure is great. i have taken that into consideration. now, in brief, my plan is this. i will join forces with you, and bear half the expense if i am allowed to share half the proceeds. that's fair, isn't it?" he asked tom. "so far, yes," replied the young inventor. "now then, to business!" exclaimed the visitor. "will you join with me in searching for some of the wealth-laden wrecks that are rotting at the bottom of the sea, mr. swift?" "do you mean make an indiscriminate search for any one of a number of wrecks?" tom wanted to know. "i should want the understanding broad enough to include all wrecks we might discover," was the answer, "but i have in mind one in particular now. it is the wreck of the steamer pandora which was sunk off the coast of one of the west indian islands about a year ago." ned newton quickly caught up the page of the sunday supplement and scanned the list of wrecks given there. "no mention of the pandora here," he said. "no," agreed mr. hardley, "the story of this wreck is not generally known, and the story of the treasure she carried is hardly known at all. as a matter of fact, this money, mostly in gold, was to finance a south american revolution, and such matters are generally kept quiet. that is why nothing much appeared in the papers about the pandora. but i happen to know that she carried over two million dollars in gold, and i know--" "think of that, tom! think of that!" cried mr. damon. "two million dollars in gold! why bless my--bless my--" but the eccentric man could think of nothing adequate to bless under the circumstances, and he subsided with a murmur. "excuse me for interrupting you," he said to his new friend. "but i just couldn't help it." "that's all right," mr. hardley remarked, with a smile that showed two rows of very even, white teeth. "i don't blame you for getting excited. does that interest you?" he asked tom. "two million dollars in gold, besides a quantity of silver--just how much i don't know." "it certainly sounds interesting," replied tom, with a smile. "but are you sure of your facts?" "absolutely," was the answer. "i was a passenger on the pandora when she was wrecked in a storm. i saw the gold put on board. it was not taken off, and is on her now as she lies at the bottom of the sea." "and the location?" queried tom. "i know that, too!" said mr. hardley eagerly. "i was with the captain just before we had to abandon ship, and i heard the exact nautical location given him by an officer who made the calculation. i have it written down to the second--latitude and longitude. that will be a help in locating the wreck, won't it?" "why, yes," tom had to agree, "it will be, but if you know it, then the captain and others must know it. and what is to prevent them from making a search for the pandora if they have not already done so?" "the best reason in the world," was the answer. "the boat containing the captain and the officer who gave him the ship's position was sunk, and all on board lost. the boat i was in was the only one picked up, and i believe i am the only one who knows exactly where the pandora lies. "now, here is my offer, mr. swift," went on the seeker after the ocean's hidden wealth. "i will bear half the expense of fitting out a submarine, or for any other kind of expedition to go in search of the wreck of the pandora. i will furnish you with the exact nautical location, as i have it. and when the wealth is found and brought to the surface, i will give you half--in other words at least a million dollars! does that appeal to you?" "i must say it is a fair, though perhaps strange, offer," conceded tom. "and a million dollars is not made every day nor every year. but what about the title to this money? after we have recovered it--provided we are successful--will not some person or some government lay claim to it?" "none can successfully," declared mr. hardley. "as i told you, the money was to finance a revolution. it was raised for an unlawful purpose, so to speak, and no one has a valid claim to it under the circumstances, so lawyers whom i have consulted have told me. but if that is not enough, i have papers to prove that those who might be called the owners have given up the search for it. more than a year has elapsed, and though i don't know just how long it takes to outlaw an under-ocean claim, i feel sure that we would have a legal and moral right to take this gold if we could find it." "i should want to be satisfied on that point before i undertook the search," said tom. "then you will undertake it?" eagerly exclaimed mr. hardley. "i will think it over," tom answered quietly--so quietly that distinct disappointment showed on the face of the visitor. chapter iv against his will for a moment it seemed that mr. damon, as well as mr. hardley, felt disappointment at tom's answer, for the eccentric man exclaimed: "bless my leather belt, tom, but you aren't very keen on making a million dollars!" "oh, yes, i like to make money," the young inventor answered. "i guess you know that, as well as any one, for you've been with me on several trips. and i don't mind hard work, nor danger." "i'll say you don't!" added ned, as he thought of some of tom's perilous voyages, among the diamond makers and in the caves of ice. "well, if you are anxious to make money, as i admit i am," said mr. hardley, "why can't you give me an answer now?" "because," answered tom, "there are many things to be considered. hunting for a treasure on the floor of the atlantic isn't like going to some location on land, however wild or inaccessible it might be. do you realize, mr. hardley, what a large difference in miles a small error in nautical calculations makes? we might go to the exact spot where you thought the wreck of the pandora lies, only to find that we would have to hunt around a long time. "i must think of that, and also think of my other business affairs. then, too, there is my father. he is getting old, and while he is still active in the affairs of the company, particularly when it comes to taking up new lines of work, i do not like to think of leaving him, as i should have to, in case i went on this trip." "take him along!" exclaimed mr. damon. "he's gone with us before, tom." "he's too old now," said the young inventor a bit sadly. "father will never make another extended trip. but i will let you have my answer as soon as i can, mr. hardley, and i will give the matter considerable thought." "i'm sure i hope you will, and also that you will consent to go," was the answer. "a million is not easily to be come at in these days after the great war." "i realize that," agreed tom with a smile. "and you shall have my answer as soon as possible." with this the visitor was forced to be content, and a little later he withdrew with mr. damon, the latter telling tom that he would see him again soon. "well, that was queer, wasn't it?" remarked ned, when he and tom were alone again. "what was?" asked tom, as though his mind was far away, as indeed it was. "that this man should come in with his project to search for a sunken treasure wreck just as we were talking about how many millions were on the bottom of the ocean." "yes, it was quite a coincidence," tom admitted. "what do you think of it--and him?" asked ned. "well, to tell you the truth, i didn't take a great fancy to mr. hardley," tom said. "i think he's altogether too cocksure, and takes too much for granted. still i may misjudge him. certainly he doesn't have a chance at a million dollars every day." "do you think you could get the treasure out of this wreck, tom, if you could locate her?" "why, it's possible; yes. we proved that with the boldero." "would you use the same submarine?" "no, i think i'd have to rebuild it, or make an altogether new one. possibly i might get one of uncle sam's and add some improvements of my own." "yes, you could do that," agreed ned. "you've done so much for the government that it couldn't refuse you something reasonable, now that the war is over. then do you think you'll go?" "really, ned, i can't make up my mind yet. now let's forget the pandora and all the millions and get down to business. this criterion company seems to me to want altogether too much, we'll have to trim their request down a bit. they owe the money and ought to pay it." "yes, i'll get after them," said ned, and then he and his chum, as well as employer, plunged into a mass of business details. it was the next afternoon, when tom, following a strenuous morning of work, leaned back in his chair at his desk, that mr. damon was announced. "tell him to come in," ordered tom, always glad to see his friend. "wait a minute, though!" he called to the messenger. "is any one with him?" "no, sir; he is alone." "good! then show him right in. i was afraid," said tom to ned, who was also in the office, "that he had hardley with him. i'm not quite ready to see him yet." "then you haven't made up your mind about going for the treasure?" "not exactly. i shall, perhaps, this week." "bless my matchbox, tom, but i'm glad to see you!" cried mr. damon, as he hastened forward with outstretched hand. "i was afraid you might be out. now look here! what about my friend hardley? he's very anxious to know your decision about going for that treasure, and i said i'd come over and sound you. i don't mind saying, tom, that if you go i'm going too; if you'll take me, of course." "well, mr. damon, you know you'll always be welcome, as far as i am concerned," said the young inventor; "but, as a matter of fact, i don't believe i'm going." "what? not going to pick up a million dollars off the floor of the ocean, tom? bless my bank balance! but that's foolish, it seems to me." "perhaps it is, but i can't help it." "what's your principal objection?" asked the eccentric man. "it isn't that you don't want the money, is it?" "not exactly." "then it must be that you object to mr. hardley personally." went on mr. damon. "i began to suspect that, tom, and i want to say that you are wrong. mr. hardley is a friend of mine--a good friend. i have not known him long, but he strikes me as being all right. he had some good letters of introduction, and i believe he has money." "where'd he get it?" asked tom. "i don't know, exactly. seems to me i heard him mention silver mines, or it may have been gold. anyhow, it had something to do with getting wealth out of the ground. now, tom, i don't mind saying that i stand to make a little money in case this thing goes through." "how's that, mr. damon?" asked the young scientist in surprise. "why, i agreed to bear part of the expense," was the answer. "i thought this was a pretty good scheme, and when mr. hardley came to me and told me of the possibilities i agreed to help him finance the expenses. that is, i have taken shares in the company he formed to raise his half of the expense money. "of course i thought of you at once when he spoke of having to search out a sunken wreck, and i proposed your name. he'd heard of you, he said, but didn't know you. so i brought you together and now--bless my apple pie, tom! i hope you aren't going to turn down a chance to make a million and, incidentally, help an old friend." "well," remarked tom, slowly, "i must admit, mr. damon, that i didn't think you'd go into a thing like this. not that it is more risky than other schemes, but i thought you didn't care for speculation." "well, this sort of appealed to me tom. you know--sunken wreck under the ocean, down in a diving bell perhaps, and all that! there's romance to it." "yes, there is romance," agreed tom. "and hard work, too. if i undertook this it would mean an extra lot of work getting ready. i suppose i could use my own submarine. i could get her in commission, and make improvements more quickly than on any other." "then you'll go?" quickly cried the eccentric man. "well, since you tell me you are interested financially, i believe i will," assented tom, but he spoke reluctantly. "as a matter of fact, i am going against my better judgment. not that i fear we shall be in danger," he hastened to add; "but i think it will prove a failure. however, as mr. hardley will bear half the expense, and as by using my own submarine that will not be much, i'll go!" "then i'll tell him!" exclaimed mr. damon. "hurray! this is great! i haven't had an exciting trip for a long while! don't tell my wife about it," he begged tom and ned. "at least not until just before we start. then she can't object in time. i'll have a wonderful experience, i know. this will be good news to dixwell hardley!" and as mr. damon hastened away to acquaint his new friend with tom's decision, the young inventor remarked to ned: "i'll go; but, somehow, i have a feeling that something will happen." "something bad?" asked the financial manager. "no, i wouldn't go so far as to say that. but i believe we'll have trouble. i'll start on the search for the sunken millions, but rather against my better judgment. however, maybe mr. damon's luck and good nature will pull us through!" chapter v busy days once tom swift had made up his mind to do a thing he did it--even though it was against his better judgment. his word, passed, was his bond. in conformity then with his decision to take mr. damon and the latter's friend, mr. hardley, on an undersea search for treasure, tom at once proceeded to make his preparations. ned, too, had his work to do, since the decision to make what might be a long trip would necessitate a change in tom's plans. but, as in everything he did, he threw himself into this whole-heartedly and with enthusiasm. not once did tom swift admit to himself that he was going into this scheme because he thought well of it. it was all for mr. damon, after tom had learned that his friend had invested considerable money in a company mr. hardley had formed to pay half the expenses of the trip. tom even tried to buy mr. damon off, by offering the latter back all the money the eccentric man had invested with his new friend. but mr. damon exclaimed: "bless my gasolene tank, tom! i'm in this thing as much for the love of adventure, as i am for the money. now let's go on with it. you will like hardley better when you know him better." "perhaps," said tom dryly, but he did not think so. the young inventor insisted, before making any preparations for the trip, that all the cards be laid on the table. that is, he wanted to be sure there had been such a ship as the pandora, that she was laden with gold, and that she had sunk where mr. hardley said she had. the latter was perfectly willing to supply all needful proofs, even though some were difficult, because of the nature of the voyage of the treasure craft. as a filibuster she was not trading openly. "here are all the records," said mr. hardley to tom one day, when the young inventor, ned, and mr. damon were gathered in tom's office. "you may satisfy yourself." and, with ned's help, tom did. there was no question but what the pandora had sailed from a certain port on a certain date. the official reports proved that. and that she did carry a considerable treasure in gold was also established to the satisfaction of tom swift. because the gold was to be used for furthering ends against one of the south american governments, the gold shipment was not insured and, in consequence, no recovery could be made. "then you are satisfied, are you, mr. swift, that the ship, set out with over two millions in gold on board?" asked mr. hardley. "yes, that seems to be proved," tom admitted, and ned nodded. "the next thing to prove is that she foundered in a storm about the position i am going to tell you," went on mr. damon's friend. "he doesn't tell you the exact location now, tom," explained mr. damon, "because it might leak out. he'll disclose it to us as soon as we are out of sight of land in the submarine." "i'm willing to agree to that proposition," tom said. "but i want to be sure she really did sink." this was proved to him by official records. there was no question but that the pandora had gone down in a big storm. and mr. hardley was on board. he proved that, too, a not very difficult task, since the official passenger list was open to inspection. mr. hardley repeated his story about having overheard the exact location of the ship a few minutes before she sank, and he also told of the captain and several members of the ship's company having been drowned. this, too, was confirmed. "then," went on mr. hardley, "all that remains for me to do is to deposit at some bank my half of the expenses and await your word to go aboard the submarine." "i believe that is all," returned tom. "but, on my part, it will take some little time to fit the submarine out as i want to have her. there are some special appliances i want to take along which will aid us in the search for the gold, if we find the place where the pandora is sunk." "oh, we'll find that all right," declared mr. hardley, "if you will only follow my directions." tom looked slightly incredulous, but said nothing. then followed busy days. the submarine advance, which had made several successful trips, as related in the book bearing the title, "tom swift and his submarine boat," was hauled into dry dock and the work of overhauling her begun. tom put his best men to work, and, after a consultation with his father, decided on some radical changes in the craft. "tom, my boy," said the aged mr. swift, "i wish you weren't going on this trip." "why, dad?" asked the young inventor. "because i fear something will happen. we don't really need this money, and suppose--suppose--" "oh, i'm not worrying, dad," was the answer. "i've taken worse risks than this, many a time. i'm really doing it as a favor to mr. damon. he's got too much money invested to let him lose it. and we can use a million dollars ourselves. it will enable me to put in operation a plan to pension our workmen. i've long had that in mind, but i've never had enough capital to carry it out." "well, of course, tom, that's a worthy object, and i won't make any further objections. but take my advice, and strengthen the submarine." "why, dad?" asked tom in some surprise. "because you'll find the water there of a greater depth than you think," was the answer. "i know you have the official hydrographic charts, but there's a mistake, i'm sure. i once made a study of that part of the ocean, and there are currents there at certain seasons of the year that no one suspects, and deep caverns that aren't charted. if the pandora lies in one of these you'll need a great strength of walls to your submarine to withstand the pressure of deep water." the craft tom swift proposed to use in searching for the treasure ship pandora was of the regular cigar-shape, but inside it had many special features. it was more comfortable than the usual submarine, not being intended for fighting, though it did carry guns and a torpedo tube. tom intended renaming the craft, which had been called advance, and one day, when there had been some discussion as to what the undersea craft ought to be called, ned explained: "why don't you name it after her?" "after whom?" inquired tom, in some surprise, looking up from a letter he was writing. "your friend and future wife, mary nestor," answered ned. "i'm sure she'd appreciate it." "that isn't such a bad idea," conceded tom musingly. "the only thing about it is that i don't want mary's name bandied about that way." "use her initials, then," suggested ned. "how do you mean?" "why not call it the m. n. .? isn't that a good name?" "the m. n. ." mused tom. "not so bad. if the n. c. flew over the ocean the m. n. ought to be able to navigate under it. i think i'll do that, ned." so the advance, rebuilt and refitted in many ways, was christened the m. n. , and a wonderful craft she proved to be. mary nestor was quite pleased when tom told her what he had done. she appreciated the delicate compliment he had paid her. busy and more busy were the days that passed. as the m. n. had to be refitted some miles from tom's home, where it was feasible to launch her for the trip, he had to make the journey between the drydock and his shop either by automobile or aeroplane. often he choose the latter, since he had a number of small, speedy craft in his hangars. sometimes ned or mr. damon went with him, but mr. hardley could never be induced to ride in an airship. "i'll travel on the ocean or under it," he said, "but i'm not going to take a chance in the air. i'm too afraid of falling." "tom, what's this?" asked ned one day, when he and tom had come to see how the work of remodeling the submarine was getting along. "it looks like something you used when you dug your big tunnel." "that's a new kind of diving bell," tom answered. "you know it isn't easy to get treasure out of a sunken ship. it isn't like picking it off the bottom of the ocean. we've got to get it out from inside--perhaps from inside a strong box or a safe. this bell may come in useful." "can't you use the special diving suits that you always used to carry?" the financial manager wanted to know. "we might, if the water isn't too deep," replied tom. "but you know there is a limit to how far down a man in even my kind of diving dress can go. with this diving bell a much greater depth can be reached. and this diving bell is not like any you have ever seen or read about. my father gave me the idea for it. i'll demonstrate it to you some day." a diving bell is shaped like its name. a common glass tumbler thrust down into a pail of water, with the open side down, will show exactly the principle on which a diving bell works. it illustrates the fact that two things cannot occupy the same place at the same time. pushing the tumbler, open end down, into the pail of water, leaves a space in the upper end of the tumbler which the water cannot fill, because it is already occupied with air. imagine a big tumbler, made of thick steel, lowered into the water. air pumped into the upper part not only keeps the water from entering, but also enables a man inside to breathe and to move about inside the bell which may be lowered to the floor of the ocean. but, as tom told ned, his diving bell was a big improvement over those commonly used. the two young men inspected the progress made in refitting the submarine, and tom expressed himself as satisfied. "how soon do you think you can start?" asked ned. "in about two weeks," was the answer. "i'll want to get to the west indies before the fall storms start. not only will it be impossible to make a search then, but the very location of the sunken wreck may be changed." "how so?" asked ned. "because of undersea currents. they are strong enough, not only to sweep a wreck away from the place where it may have settled, but they may cover it with sand, and then it is hopeless to try to dig it out. so we've got to go soon, if we go at all." "well, i'm with you!" exclaimed ned. "hello! here's some one looking for you, i guess," he added, as a boy came hurrying down to the dock from the temporary office tom had set up there. "you're wanted on the telephone, mr. swift," said the messenger. "it's important, too." "all right. i'll come at once," was the answer. "hope it isn't bad news," mused ned, as his chum hurried on in advance. "maybe hardley has found out he hasn't a right to search for that sunken gold after all. that would be too bad for mr. damon!" chapter vi mary's odd story "hello! hello! yes, this is tom swift. what's that? you've had an accident? great scott, mary! i hope you aren't hurt." ned overheard these words as he stood outside the temporary office, from inside which tom swift was telephoning. "there's been an accident!" thought the financial manager. "i wonder if i can help?" he was about to hurry in to offer his services when he heard tom laugh, and then he knew it was all right. he heard his chum say: "i'll be right over and get you. just where are you?" then followed a period of listening on the part of tom, to be broken by the words: "all right, i'll be right with you. lucky i have my air scout with me. you aren't afraid to ride in that, are you? no, that's good! i'll be right over. ned is here with me, and i'll have him telephone to your father and mother." with that tom hung up the receiver and joined his chum. "mary had a slight automobile accident about five miles from here," tom told his chum. "some green driver ran into her and dished one of her wheels. no one hurt, but she hasn't a spare wheel and can't navigate. she called me up at the house, not wishing to alarm her father, and mrs. baggert told her you and i had come down to the dock, so she reached me here. i'll go in the small aeroplane and get her. luckily i left it here the last time i made a trip. will you call up mary's home and let them know she's all right and that i'll soon be home with her? they might hear an exaggerated account of the accident." ned promised to do this, and at once put in a call for the home of his chum's fiancee, while tom had one of his men run out the air scout. this was an aeroplane recently perfected by the young inventor which slipped through space with scarcely a sound. so silent was it that the craft had been dubbed "silent sam," and it stood tom in good stead as those of you know who have read the volume just before the present book. this sky glider tom would now use in going to the rescue of mary nestor was not, however, the same large craft that figured in the previous story. that airship had been given to the united states government for war purposes. but tom had built himself a smaller one for his own use. it had the advantage of enabling him to carry on a conversation with his passenger when he took one aloft. about a week before tom and ned had flown from shopton to the dry dock where the submarine was being reconstructed in this small airship. engine trouble had developed after they had landed, and they had gone back by automobile, leaving the air scout to be repaired. this had been done, and now tom intended to use it in going to mary's rescue. now, when the air scout had been run out of the hangar, tom climbed into it. "sorry i can't take you along," he called to ned, who had finished telephoning to mary's home, "but, under the circumstances--" "two's company and three's a crowd!" laughed ned. "i know!" "no, i didn't mean that," tom said. "you know mary likes you, but this will carry only two." "i know!" answered his chum. "on your way!" and with an almost noiseless throb of her engine and a whirr of her propeller, the aeroplane rolled swiftly over the level starting ground and took the air like a swan leaving its lake. tom did not rise to a great height, as he would need only a few minutes to reach the place where mary was stalled by the accident to her machine. soon he was hovering over a level field, one of several that lined the country highways in that section. a small crowd on the turnpike gathered about an evidently disabled automobile gave tom the clew he needed, and presently he made a landing. instantly the throng of country people who had gathered to look at the automobile crash deserted that for a view of something more sensational--an airship. cautioning the boys who gathered about not to "monkey" with any of the mechanism, tom hastened over to where mary was standing near her car. "are you sure you aren't hurt?" he asked her anxiously. "oh, yes, very sure," she replied, smiling at him. "it isn't much of an accident--only one wheel smashed. we were both going slowly." "but it was all my fault!" insisted a young fellow who had been driving the car that crashed into mary's. "i'm all kinds of sorry, and of course i'll pay all damages. i wanted this young lady to let me drive her home and then send a garage man to tow her car, but she said she had other plans. i don't blame her for not wanting to ride in my jitney bus when i see what kind of car you have," and he looked over toward tom's aeroplane. "thank you, just the same," murmured mary. "i'm not quite sure that it was all your fault. but if you will be so good as to send a man after my machine i'll go back with mr. swift. wait until i get my bag," she added, and she extracted it from the seat in her automobile. "there'll be room for this, won't there?" she asked. "i've been shopping." "you must have made some large purchases," laughed tom, looking critically at the small bag. "yes, there'll be room for that, all right." he made a brief examination of mary's machine, ascertaining that the dished wheel was the main damage, and then, having given the young man who caused the accident directions for the garage attendant, tom led his pretty companion across the field to the waiting airship. of course a crowd gathered to see them start off, and this was not long delayed, as tom was not fond of curiosity seekers. in a few minutes he and mary were soaring aloft. "well, how are you?" he asked mary, when they were alone well above the earth. "fine and dandy," she answered, smiling at him, for they were riding side by side and could converse with little difficulty owing to the silent running of tom's latest invention. "i'm sorry to have called you away from your work," she added, "but when mrs. baggert told me you were at the submarine dock i thought perhaps you could run out and get me in your machine. i didn't expect you to fly to me." "i'm always ready to do that!" exclaimed tom, as he shot upward to avoid a bank of low-lying clouds. "were you frightened at the crash in the machine?" "not greatly. i saw it coming, and knew it was unavoidable. that chap hasn't been running autos very long, i imagine, and he lost his head in the emergency. but i had my brakes on and he just coasted into me. i was lucky in that it wasn't worse." "i should say so! do you want to get right home?" "i think i'd better. mother and father may be a little worried about me. and they've had trouble enough of late." "trouble!" exclaimed tom, in a questioning voice. "anything serious?" "no, just family financial matters. not ours," she hastened to add, as she saw tom look quickly at her. "a relative. i shouldn't have mentioned it, but father and mother are a little worried, and i don't want to add to it." "of course not," agreed tom. "if there's anything i can do?" "oh, i expected you to say that!" laughed mary. "thanks. if there is we'll call on you. but it may all be straightened out. father was expecting a message from uncle barton today. so, though i'd like to take a cloud-ride with you, i think i'd better get home." "all right," agreed tom. "i told ned to telephone that you were all right, so they won't worry. and now try to enjoy yourself." "i'll try," promised mary, but it was obvious, even from the quick glances tom gave her, that she was worried about something. mary was not her usual, spontaneous, jolly self, and tom realized it. "well, here we are!" he announced a little later, as they soared above a level field not far from her home. "sorry i can't let you down right on your roof, but it isn't flat enough nor big enough." "oh, i don't mind a little walk, especially as i didn't have to hike it all the way in from bailey corners," she said, referring to the place of the automobile accident. "i suppose the time will come when everybody who now has an auto will have an airship and a landing place, or a starting place, for it at his own door," she added. "either that, or else we'll have airships so compact that they can set off and land in as small a space as an auto now requires," said tom. "the latter would be the best solution, as one great disadvantage of airships now is the manner of starting and stopping. it's too big." tom left his air scout in a field owned by mr. nestor, where he had often landed before, and walked up to the house with mary. "oh, i'm glad you're back!" exclaimed mrs. nestor, when she saw the two coming up the steps. "you weren't worried, were you, after ned telephoned?" asked tom. "not exactly worried, but i thought perhaps he was making light of it. do tell me what happened, mary!" thereupon the girl related all the circumstances of the smash, and tom added his share of the story. "did father hear anything from uncle barton?" asked mary, after her mother's curiosity had been satisfied. "yes," was the answer, in rather despondent tones, "he did, but the news was not encouraging. the papers cannot be found." "it's mother's brother we're talking about," mary explained to tom. "barton keith in his name. perhaps you remember him?" "i've heard you speak of him," tom admitted. "well," resumed mary, "uncle barton is in a peck of trouble. he was once very rich, and he invested heavily in oil lands, in oklahoma, i believe." "no, in texas," corrected mrs. nestor. "yes, it was texas," agreed mary. "well he bought, or got, somehow, shares in some valuable oil lands in texas, and expected to double his fortune. now, instead, he's probably lost it all." "that's too bad!" exclaimed tom. "how did it happen?" "in rather an odd way," went on mary. "he really owns the lands, or at least half of them, but he cannot prove his title because the papers he needs were taken from him, and, he thinks, by a man he trusted. he's been trying to get the documents back, and every day we've been expecting to hear that he has them, but mother says there has been no result." "no," said mrs. nestor. "my brother thought sure he had a trace of the man he believes has the papers, or who had them, but he lost track of him. if we could only find him--" at that moment a maid came into the room to announce that tom swift was wanted at the telephone. chapter vii the trial trip "this is my busy day!" announced the young inventor as he went into the nestor sitting room, where the telephone was installed. "perhaps it is some one else who wants you to come to their rescue," suggested mary. but it was not, as tom related a little later when he had finished his talk over the wire. "just a business matter," he announced to mary and her mother, when he rejoined them. "a gentleman with whom i expect to make a submarine trip is at the house, and wants to consult with me about details. he is getting anxious to start. mr. damon is there, too." "blessing every thing he lays eyes on, i suppose," remarked mrs. nestor, with a smile. "yes, and some things he doesn't see," agreed tom. "he is going with us on this submarine trip." "oh, tom, are you going to undertake another of those dangerous voyages?" asked mary, in some alarm. "well, i don't know that they are particularly dangerous," replied tom, with a smile. "but we expect to make a search for a sunken treasure ship in a submarine. that's the vessel i'm working on now," he added. "we're rebuilding the advance, you know, making her more up-to-date, and adding some new features, including her name--m. n. ." "i suppose mr. damon's friend is getting anxious to make a start, particularly as he has already invested several thousand dollars in the project," went on the young inventor. "he formed a company to pay half the expenses of the search, and they will share in the treasure--if we find it," tom said. "i wish mr. damon, who holds most of the shares the promoter let out of his own hands, had not gone into it, but, since he has, i'm going to do the best i can for him." "then aren't you friendly with the other man?" asked mary. "i don't especially care for him," the young inventor admitted. "he isn't just my style--too fond of himself, and all that. still i may be misjudging him. however, i'm in the game now, and i'm going to stick. i'll have to be traveling on," he said. "mr. damon and his friend are at my house, and they've been telephoning all over to find me. i guess this was one of the first places they tried," he said with a smile, referring to the fact that he spent considerable time at mary's home. "well, i'm glad they found you, but i'm sorry you have to go," mary said with a smile. a little later tom swift, with ned, for whom he called, was on his way back home in his air scout, having said goodbye to mary and her mother and expressing the hope that mr. keith would soon be over his business troubles. "oil wells are queer, anyhow," mused tom. then tom got to thinking about dixwell hardley: "i don't like the man, and the more i see of him the less i like him. but i'm in for it now, and i'll stick to the finish. i only wish i could locate the treasure ship, give him his share, and get back to my work. i'm going to try to turn out an airship that a man can use as handily as he does a flivver now." musing on the possibilities in this field, tom, having left ned at the latter's home, soared down from aloft, and a little later, having told koku to look after the air scout, much to the delight of the giant and the discomfiture of rad, the young inventor was closeted with mr. damon and dixwell hardley. "bless my straw hat, tom!" exclaimed the eccentric man, "but we just couldn't wait any longer. how are you coming on, and when can we start on this treasure-hunting trip? i declare it makes me feel young again to think about it!" "well, it won't be long now," was the answer. "the men are working hard to get the submarine in shape, and i should say that in another week, or two weeks at the most, we could set off!" "good!" exclaimed mr. hardley. "i have received additional information," he went on, "to the effect that the amount of gold on board the pandora was even greater than we at first thought." "that sounds encouraging," replied tom. "it only remains to find the sunken ship now. but what interests me greatly is whether, after we have gotten this gold, supposing we are successful, we shall be allowed to keep it." "bless my bank book! why not?" asked mr. damon. "isn't it wealth abandoned at the bottom of the sea, and isn't finding keeping?" "not always," answered tom. "there are certain rules and laws about treasure, and it might happen that after we got this--if we do--it could be taken away from us." "i think there will be no difficulty on this score," said mr. hardley. "in the first place, two attempts were made to get this wealth, and were unsuccessful. then it was practically abandoned, and i believe under the law the persons who now find it will be entitled to keep it. besides the persons who gathered it together did so for an unlawful purpose--that of starting a revolution in a friendly country--and they would not dare claim it for fear of giving their secret away." "well, perhaps you are right," assented tom. "we'll make a try for it, anyhow." "you say the submarine is nearly ready?" asked mr. hardley. "she will be ready for a trial trip at the end of this week," said tom, "and be fitted up for the voyage within another seven days, i hope. then for the great adventure!" and he laughed, though, truth to tell, he had no real liking for his task. the more he saw of mr. hardley the less he liked him. "i shall begin getting my affairs in shape," said the latter, as he gathered up some papers he had brought to attempt to prove to tom that the wealth of the pandora was greater than had been supposed. "i have many large interests," he went on, rather pompously, "and they need looking after; especially if i undertake anything so extra hazardous as a submarine trip." "yes, there always is some danger," admitted tom. "but then there is danger walking along the street." "oh, there's no danger with tom swift!" exclaimed mr. damon. "i've been under the sea and above the clouds with him, and, bless my rainbow! he always brought us safe home." "and i'll try to do the same this time," said the young inventor. busy days followed for tom swift and his friends. the force at work on the submarine turned night into day to rush her completion, and in due season she was set afloat in the dry dock basin and formally rechristened the m. n. . mary blushed as she gave the boat her new name, and there was a little cheer from the group of workmen gathered at the dock. there was no launching in the real sense of the word, since as the advance that ceremony had been gone through with for the undersea craft. she had been greatly changed interiorly and outwardly. her skin, or plates, having been doubled and strengthened. for tom proposed to go to a much greater depth than ever before. in addition to using the submarine herself in a search for the gold on the pandora, tom had installed on board some new kinds of diving apparatus and also a diving bell. if one would not serve, the other might, he reasoned. "well, tom," remarked his aged father the night before they were to start on the trial trip, "i understand you have practically rebuilt the advance." "yes; and i think she's a much better craft, too, father." "glad to hear that, tom. of course you kept the gyroscope rudder feature?" "no, i didn't," replied tom. "if i had left that installed it would have meant carrying a smaller diving bell, and i think that last will be more useful than the gyroscope. i put in a set of double-acting depth rudders instead." mr. swift shook his head. "i'm sorry for that, tom," he remarked. "there's nothing like the gyroscope rudder in a tight pinch--say when there's a storm. and for holding the boat steady, if you have to make a sudden turn under water, to avoid an obstruction you come upon unexpectedly, a gyroscope can't be improved on. it holds you steady and prevents your turning turtle." "i've put side fin-keels to correct that," tom explained. but still his father was not satisfied. "i'd rather you had kept the gyroscope," he said, and the time was to come when tom swift wished that himself. but it was too late to make the change now, and so, with more than usual confidence in his own designing abilities, the next day the young inventor and his friends went aboard the m. n. for the trial trip. "you don't easily get seasick, do you?" tom asked mr. hardley, as they descended the hatchway into the interior of the craft. "no, i'm considered a good sailor." "well, you'll need to be," went on tom, with a smile. "not that we are likely to strike any rough water now, though the reports say a stiff breeze is blowing in the bay. but when we once start for the west indies you are likely to experience a new sensation. i've known sailors who never had any qualms, even in terrible storms, to get ill in a submarine when she went through only a small blow. the motion is different from that on a surface boat." "i can imagine so," returned mr. hardley. "but i'll be thinking of the millions in gold on the pandora, and that will keep my mind off being seasick." "let us hope so," murmured tom. he gave the word, they all descended, the hatch covers were closed down, and the m. n. was ready to start on a trial trip. chapter viii the mud bank "what's that noise?" asked mr. hardley. mr. hardley, tom swift, mr. damon, ned newton, koku, and one or two navigating officers of the craft, were gathered in the operating cabin of the m. n. . "that's water being pumped into the tanks," explained tom. "we are now going down. if you'll watch the depth gauge you can note our progress." "going down, are we?" remarked mr. hardley. "well, it's interesting to say the least," and he observed the gauge, which showed them to be twenty feet under the surface. "bless my hydrometer, but he's got nerve for a first trip in a submarine! he's all right, isn't he?" whispered mr. damon to tom. "well, i'm glad to see he isn't nervous," remarked tom, honest enough to give his visitor credit for what was due him. and indeed many a person is nervous going down in a submarine for the first time. "still we can't go more than thirty feet down in this water," went on tom. "a better test will be when we get about five hundred feet below the surface. that's a real test, though as far as knowing it is concerned, a person can't tell ten feet from ten hundred in a submarine under water, unless he watches the gauge." "well, i think you'll find mr. hardley all right," said mr. damon, who seemed to have taken a strong liking to his new friend. certainly the latter showed no signs of nervousness as the craft slowly settled to the proper depth. he asked numberless questions, showing his interest in the operation of the m. n. , but he showed not the least sign of fear. however, as tom said, that might come later. "we are going down now," tom explained, as he pointed out to mr. hardley the various controlling wheels and levers, "by filling our ballast tanks with water. we can rise, when needful, by forcing out this water by means of compressed air. when we are on the ocean we can go down by using our diving rudders, and in much quicker time than by filling our tanks." "how is that?" asked the seeker after the pandora's gold. "filling the tanks is slow work in itself," replied tom, "and they have to be filled very carefully and evenly, so we don't stand on our stern or bow in going down. we want to sink on an even keel, and sometimes this is hard to accomplish. but we are doing it now," and he called attention to an indicator which told how much the m. n. might be listing to one side or to one end or the other. a submarine, as everyone knows, is essentially a water-tight tank, shaped like a cigar, with a propeller on one end. it can sink below the surface and move along under water. it sinks because rudders force it down, and water taken into tanks in its interior hold it to a certain depth. it can rise by ejecting this extra water and by setting the rudders in the proper position. a submarine moves under water by means of electric motors, the current of which is supplied by storage batteries. on the surface when the hatches can be opened, oil or gasolene engines are used. these engines cannot be used under water because they depend on a supply of air, or oxygen, and when the submarine is tightly sealed all the air possible is needed for her crew to breathe. while cruising on the surface a submarine recharges her storage batteries to give her motive power when she is submerged. there are many types of submarines, some comparatively simple and small, and others large and complex. in some it is possible for the crew to live many days without coming to the surface. tom swift's reconstructed craft compared favorably with the best and largest ever made, though she was not of exceptional size. she was very strong, however, to allow her to go to a great depth, for the farther down one goes below the surface of the sea, the greater the pressure until, at, say, six miles, the greatest known depth of the ocean, the pressure is beyond belief. and yet is possible that marine monsters may live in that pressure which would flatten out a block of solid steel into a sheet as thin as paper. "well, we are as deep down as it is safe to go in the river," announced tom, as the gauge showed a distance below the surface of a little less than twenty-nine feet. "now we'll move into the bay. how do you like it, mr. hardley?" "very well, so far. but it isn't very exciting yet." "bless my accident policy!" exclaimed mr. damon, "i hope you aren't looking for excitement." "i'm used to it," was the answer. "the more there is the better i like it." "well, you may get your wish," said tom. he turned a lever, and those on board the submarine became conscious of a forward motion. she was no longer sinking. she trembled and vibrated as the powerful electric motors turned her propellers, and tom, having seen that all was running smoothly in the main engine room, called mr. damon, ned, and mr. hardley to him. "we'll go into the forward pilot house and give mr. hardley a view under water," he announced. "of course, you'll see nothing like what you'll view when we're in the ocean," added the young inventor, "but it may interest you." the four were soon in the forward compartment of the craft. she could be directed and steered from here when occasion arose, but now tom was letting his navigator direct the craft from the controls in the main engine room. a conning tower, rising just above the deck of the craft, gave the pilot the necessary view. "here you are!" exclaimed tom, as he switched out the lights in the cabin. for a moment they were in darkness, and then, with a click, steel plates, guarding heavy plate glass bull's-eyes, moved back, and mr. hardley for the first time looked out on an underwater scene. he saw the murky waters of river down which they were proceeding to the bay moving past the glass windows. now and then a fish swam up, looking in, and, with a swirl of its tail, shot away again, apparently frightened well-nigh to death. "bless my shoe laces, tom!" exclaimed mr. damon, "this isn't a marker compared to some of the sights we've seen, is it?" "i can imagine not," said mr. hardley. "but it is interesting. i shall be anticipating more wonderful sights." "and you'll get them!" exclaimed ned. "do you remember, tom, the time the big octopus tried to hold us back?" "yes, indeed," answered the young inventor. "that gave us a scare for the time being." steadily the m. n. kept on her way under water. her path was illuminated to a considerable degree by a broad, diffused beam of light from a powerful searchlight that was fixed just back of the conning tower, giving the helmsman a certain degree of vision. this light also served to illuminate the water, so that those in the forward cabin could see what was going on around them. "there isn't much of interest in the river," said tom. "no big fish, or anything else of moment. even in the bay we won't see much to attract our attention. but i want to make sure everything is working smoothly before we start for the west indies." "that's right!" agreed mr. hardley. "we want to make a success of this trip." he remained at the glass bull's-eyes, now and then exclaiming as some shad or other fair-sized fish came into view. suddenly, however, his exclamation was sharper than usual. "look!" he exclaimed. "there's part of a wreck!" ned, mr. damon, and tom looked out and saw, sweeping past them, the ribs and worm-eaten timbers of some craft, lying on the bottom of the river. "yes, that's the remains of an old brick scow," the young inventor explained. "that's one of our water-marks, so to speak. it is at the bend of the river. we turn now, and head for the bay." as he spoke they all became aware of a sudden swerve in the course of the submarine. the helmsman had, doubtless, noted the "water-mark," as tom termed it, and as an automobilist on land might swing at the cross-roads, the steersman was changing the course of his craft. "we'll go deeper," said tom a moment later, as the wreck passed out of view. "we can go about fifty feet down now. yes, he's sinking her," he added, as a gauge showed the craft to be descending. "nelson knows his business all right." "he is your captain?" asked mr. hardley. "one of the best, yes. he'll go with us on the search for the pandora." they talked of various matters, tom relating to mr. hardley how a tug had rammed the brick scow some years ago, and sunk it in the river. the submarine was now about forty-eight feet below the surface, and suddenly they all became aware that her speed had increased. "guess he's going to give the motors a good try-out," observed tom. "i think i'll go back to the engine room. you may remain here, if you like, and you'll probably see--" a cry from mr. damon interrupted him. "bless my rubber boots, tom! look!" cried the eccentric man. "we're going to ram a mud bank!" as he spoke they all became aware of a solid black mass looming in front of the bull's-eye window. an instant later the submarine came to a jarring stop, as if she had struck some soft, yielding substance. there was a confused shouting throughout the craft, the noise of machinery, a trembling and vibration, and then ominous quiet. chapter ix ready to start characteristic it was of tom swift to act calmly in times of stress and danger, and he ran true to form now. only for an instant did he show any sign of perturbation. then with calmness and deliberation the young inventor quickly did a number of things to the controls within his reach. first of all he signaled to the engine room that he was going to take charge of the boat. this meant that the navigator in the conning tower was to keep his hands off the various levers and wheel-valves. it was possible to operate the m. n. from three positions, but tom wanted no triplicate handling of his craft now. almost the instant tom signaled that he would take charge back came flashing the electrical signal from the conning tower that his orders were understood. the next thing that those aboard the craft became aware of was a tremor that seemed to run through the whole under-sea ship. the quiet had changed to a subdued humming, and the ominous lack of motion was succeeded by violent vibration. "backing her up, tom?" asked ned, in a low voice. "trying to," was the answer. "but i'm afraid her nose has gone in pretty deep. i've reversed the propellers." for perhaps a minute this vibration continued, showing that the powerful electric motors were turning over the twin propellers at the blunt stern of the craft. but she did not change her position. with a touch of his hand, and still almost as cool as the proverbial cucumber (though why they should be cool it is hard to say), tom stopped the motors. once again the craft was quiet, but now, instead of the occupants being able to see clearly from the thick, glass windows in the forward cabin, the water showed muddy and murky in the glare of the underwater searchlight. "bless my postage stamps, tom! what has happened?" exclaimed mr. damon. "has a giant squid attacked us, as one did some time ago, and is he roiling up the water?" "no, it isn't a squid, mr. damon," replied the young inventor easily; "though the water does look as if a squid had spilled a lot of his ink in it. this is just the effect of mud stirred up by our propellers. there may be more of it." ned looked toward mr. hardley to see how he was taking it. the seeker after gold apparently had good control of his nerves, or else he was ignorant of what was going on. for he asked, casually enough: "have we stopped?" "we have," answered tom. "i thought i'd give you a view of the scenery." perhaps he spoke sarcastically, but, if he did, mr. damon's friend did not seem to be aware of it. coolly enough he replied: "well, if this is a fair sample of underwater scenery i prefer something up above, though i appreciate that this may be needful." "we'll soon be traveling along," announced tom. "koku," he added to the giant, who had been calmly sitting during the excitement, "go to the engine room and help with the big levers." "yes, master," was the answer. koku had implicit faith in tom. waiting a moment for his faithful servant to reach the post assigned to him, tom again signaled to his helpers and then quickly turned a wheel which produced startling results. for all within the submarine suddenly slid forward across the cabin floor. "bless my hammock hooks, tom! are you standing her on her head?" cried mr. damon. "that's exactly what i'm doing," was the answer. "i've started to empty one of the after ballast tanks, and that, naturally, raises the stern while the nose is held down." the submarine was indeed in a peculiar position. she was on a slant in the water, her nose held fast in the soft mud bank, and it was tom's idea that by making the stern buoyant it might help to pull her free. to this end he also gave what assistance the propellers were capable of adding by starting the motors again, so that the craft once more trembled and vibrated. but it all seemed to no purpose. aside from the slanting position, there was no change in the m. n. . ned, looking out into the murky water, which had cleared slightly, saw that the craft was still held fast. and then, for the first time, mr. hardley seemed to become aware that something serious was the matter. up to now he seemed to think that all that had occurred was done for the purpose of testing the newly outfitted underseas boat. "is there anything wrong?" he asked sharply of tom. "why are we in this position, and why don't we go on out to the open ocean and make a test at considerable depth? we'll have to go down deeper than this if we find the pandora!" "i suppose so," agreed tom. "but we have had an accident, and--" "an accident!" interrupted the gold-seeker, and then ned saw him turn pale. "do you mean to say this is not part of the test?" "we have run into a mud bank," said tom. "the steersman must have become confused, or else, since we last used the submarine, there has been a shift of the mud banks in this river and one exists where there was none before. at any rate, we ran our nose deep into it, and here we are--stuck!" "can't we get loose--go up to the surface?" demanded mr. hardley. "i'm trying to bring that about," announced tom calmly. "so far her engines haven't been able to pull her loose." "but great scott, man, we can't stay here!" cried the now excited adventurer. "we'll be drowned like rats in a trap! let me out! isn't there some way? i'll be shot through a torpedo tube, if necessary! i must get out! i can't stay here to be drowned! i have too much at stake!" "now wait a minute!" calmly advised tom swift. "you haven't any more at stake than the rest of us. none of us wants to be drowned, and there is only a remote possibility that we shall be. i haven't played all my cards yet. we can live on this boat for a week, if need be." "you mean under water as we are now?" asked mr. hardley. "yes. i always keep the boat provisioned and with plenty of air and water for a long stay, if need be," replied tom. "and i did not overlook the fact that we might have an accident on the trial trip." "i don't see how you let an accident happen before we even got started," complained the gold-seeker. "i should think your steersman would have been more careful." "he is very careful," explained tom. "but we have not used the craft for some time, and, meanwhile, there have been changes in the river, due, i suppose, to heavy tides. but we may get out of the grip of the mud bank soon." "and if we don't, what then?" asked mr. hardley. "then there is always the torpedo tube," said tom calmly. "and we are not very deep down. i think i can save you all." "i certainly hope so!" was the fretful comment of the adventurer. "i have too much at stake to be drowned like a rat in a trap! you must send me up first if it becomes necessary to use the tube." tom did not answer. but as he looked out of the observation windows to see if possible the conformation of the mud bank, the young inventor whispered to ned one word. and that word was: "yellow!" "you said it!" was ned's whispered rejoinder. tom swift arrived at a sudden determination. once again the motors were stopped, and the boat gradually assumed an even keel. "what are you going to try, tom?" asked ned. "i'm going to shove her farther into the mud bank," announced the young inventor. "i think that's the only way to get her loose." "bless my apple pie, tom!" cried mr. damon, "doesn't that seem a foolish thing to do?" "it's the only thing to do, i believe," was the answer. "this mud is of a peculiar sticky and holding kind. the sub's nose is in it like a peg in a hole. what i propose to do now is to enlarge the hole, and then our nose will come loose--i hope." "but you haven't any right to shove our nose further in!" cried mr. hardley. "i won't allow it! i demand to be put on the surface! i won't be drowned down here before i get the gold that's coming to me--the gold and--" "now look here!" suddenly cried tom. "i'm in command of this boat, and you'll do as i say. i'll gladly set you on the surface if i can, and this is the only way it can be brought about--it's the only way to save all of us. i'm going to enlarge the mud hole so we can pull out. please keep still!" mr. hardley stared at the young inventor a moment, seemed about to say something, and then changed his mind. "hold fast, everybody!" suddenly called tom. the next moment the m. n. began behaving in a most peculiar manner. she appeared to be acting like a corkscrew. while her bow was comparatively steady, her stern described a circle in the water which was churned to mud by the two propellers, each being revolved in a different direction. "i'm trying to make the hole bigger just as an amateur carpenter makes a nail hole bigger, so he can pull out the nail, by twisting it around," explained tom. "the motion may be a bit unpleasant, but it is needful." and indeed the motion was unpleasant. tom, veteran airman and sailor that he was, began to feel a trifle seasick, and mr. hardley was in very evident distress. suddenly, however, something happened. the m. n. gave a lurch to one side and then shot upward so quickly that ned and mr. damon lost their balance and slumped over on the bench that ran around three sides of the room. "are we free?" cried mr. hardley. "we have come loose from the mud bank," said tom quietly. "by boring into it the hole was enlarged sufficiently to enable us to pull loose. there is no more danger!" his announcement was received in momentary silence, and then ned exclaimed: "hurray!" "bless my accident policy!" voiced mr. damon. mr. hardley appeared dazed, and then, as the submarine was again moving through the water, seemingly none the worse for the accident, the gold seeker approached tom swift. "i want to apologize, mr. swift, for my actions and words," said mr. hardley frankly. "i admit that i lost my head. but it's my first trip in a submarine." "i realize that," said tom, equally frank, "and we'll forget all about it. it was a strain on you--on all of us--though there really was no very great danger. now, are you game enough to continue the trip?" "try me!" exclaimed the adventurer. "you won't find me acting so like a baby again." nor did he, even when the craft reached the open ocean and went down to a considerable depth, where, had any accident occurred, there would have been grave danger to all. but mr. hardley seemed to enjoy it. "maybe i've misjudged him," tom said to ned, when they were getting ready to go back. "it's possible," agreed the financial manager. this trial, which so nearly ended disastrously, was only one of several. no damage resulted from the collision with the river mud bank, and that trip and the ones following gave tom some new ideas in interior construction which he followed out. about a month later all was ready for the trip to the west indies to look for the ill-fated pandora. tom's affairs were put in shape, the submarine was laden with stores and provisions, the new diving bell and other wonderful apparatus were put aboard, and the crew and officers picked. ned, mr. damon, koku, and tom were, of course, together, and though mr. hardley was a stranger, he seemed to become more friendly as the days passed. "well, we start in the morning," said tom to ned one evening. "i'm going over to tell mary goodbye." "give her my regards," requested ned, and tom said he would. chapter x startling revelations "oh, tom! and so you are really ready to start on that perilous trip!" exclaimed mary nestor, a little later that same evening, when tom called at mary's house in his speedy electric runabout, a car in which he had once made a sensational ride. "perilous? i don't know why you call it that!" exclaimed the young inventor. "didn't you tell me you were stuck in a mud bank away down under the river and had hard work to get loose?" asked the young lady, as she made a place for tom on the sofa beside her. "oh, that! why, that wasn't anything!" he declared. "it would have been if you hadn't come up." "ah, but we did come up, mary." "suppose you get in a similar position when you find the wreck of the pandora? you won't get up so easily, will you?" "no. but there aren't any mud banks in that part of the atlantic, so i can't be stuck in one," answered tom. for some time tom swift and mary talked of mutual friends and happenings in which they were both interested. mr. and mrs. nestor stepped into the room for a minute, to wish the young inventor good luck on his voyage, and when they had gone out, promising to see tom before he left for the night, the latter remarked to mary: "did your uncle ever find the oil-well papers and get his affairs straightened out?" "no," was the answer, "he never did. and we feel very sorry for him. just think, he had a fortune in his grasp, and now it is slipping away." "just what happened?" asked tom, hoping there might be some way in which he could aid mary's uncle. of course, tom wanted to help mary, and this was one of the ways. "well, i don't exactly understand it all," she replied. "father says i'll never have a head for business. but as nearly as i can tell, my uncle, barton keith, went into partnership with a man to prospect for oil in texas. my uncle has been in that business before, and he was very successful. he supplied the working knowledge about oil wells, i believe, and the other man put up the money. my uncle was to have a half share in whatever oil wells he located, and his partner supplied the cash for putting down the pipe, or whatever is done." "i believe putting down a pipe is the proper term," said tom. "well, anyhow," went on mary, "my uncle spent many weary months prospecting in texas. in fact, he made himself ill, being out in all sorts of weather, looking after the drilling. at last they struck oil, as i believe they call it. they drilled down until they brought in what my uncle called a 'gusher,' and there was a chance of him and his partner getting rich." "why didn't he?" asked tom. "a gusher, i believe, is one of the best sort of oil wells. why didn't your uncle clean up a fortune, to use a slang term?" "because he lost the papers showing that he had a right to half the oil well," answered mary. "at least my uncle thinks he lost them, but he was so ill, directly after the well proved a success, that he says he isn't sure what happened. at any rate, his partner claims everything and my uncle can do nothing. he has been hoping he might find the papers somewhere, or that something would happen to prove the rights of his claim." "and nothing has?" inquired tom. "not yet. my father and mother have been trying to help him, and dad engaged a lawyer, but he says nothing can be done unless my uncle recovers the partnership and other papers. as it stands now, it is my uncle's word against the word of his partner, and both are equally good in a court of law. but if uncle barton could find the documents everything would come out all right. he could claim his half of the oil well then." "is it still producing?" tom questioned. "yes, better than ever. but that's all the good it does my uncle. he is ill, discouraged, and despondent. all his fortune was eaten up in prospecting, and he depended on the gusher to make him rich again. and now, because of a rascally partner, he may be doomed to die a poor man. of course we will always help him, but you know what it is to be dependent on relatives." "i can imagine," conceded tom. "it is tough luck! i wish i could help, and perhaps i can after i get back from this trip." "the only way you or any one could help, would be to get back my uncle's missing papers," said mary. "and as he himself isn't sure what became of them, it seem hopeless." "it does," tom agreed. "but wait until i get back." "i wish you weren't going," sighed mary. "so do i--more than a little," was tom's remark. "i'm sorry i ever let mr. damon persuade me to go into this deal with dixwell hardley!" mary sat bolt upright on the couch. "what name did you say?" she cried. "dixwell hardley," repeated tom. "that's the name of the man who claims to know where the wreck of the pandora lies. he says she has two millions or more in gold on board, and i'm to get half." "well!" exclaimed mary, with spirit, "if you don't get any bigger share out of the wreck than my uncle got out of the oil well, you won't be doing so very nicely, tom." "what do you mean?" asked the young inventor. "what has the oil well to do with recovering gold from the wreck?" "a good deal, i should say," answered the girl, "seeing that the same man is mixed up in both." "what same man?" "dixwell hardley!" "is he the man who cheated your uncle?" cried tom. "i won't say that he cheated him," said mary. "but dixwell hardley is the man who furnished the money when my uncle went into partnership with him to locate oil wells in texas. the oil wells were located, mr. hardley got his share, and my uncle got nothing. and just because he can't prove there was a legal partnership! i hope you won't have the same experience with mr. hardley, tom." "whew!" whistled the young inventor. "this is news to me! i can say one thing, though. mr. hardley doesn't take a dollar out of that wreck unless i get one to match it. i think i hold the best cards on this deal. but, mary, are you sure it's the same man?" "pretty sure. wait, i'll call my father and make certain," she answered, and as she went from the room to summon mr. nestor, tom felt a vague sense of uneasiness. chapter xi barton keith's story "what's this mary tells me, tom?" asked mr. nestor, as he followed his daughter back into the room. "you mean about dixwell hardley?" "yes. do you suppose he can be the same man who has so meanly treated my brother-in-law?" "i wouldn't want to say, mr. nestor, until you describe to me the mr. hardley you know. then i can better tell. but from what little i have seen of the man to whom i was introduced by my friend mr. damon, i'd say, off hand, that he was capable of such action." "does mr. damon know this mr. hardley well?" asked mrs. nestor, who accompanied her husband. "i wouldn't say that he did," tom replied. "i don't know just how mr. damon met this chap--i think it was in a financial way, though." "well, if it's the same mr. hardley, i'll say he has some queer financial ways," said mr. nestor. "now let's see if we can make the two jibe. describe him, tom." this the young inventor did, and when this description had been compared with one given of the mr. hardley with whom mr. keith once was associated, mrs. nestor said: "it surely is the same man! the mr. hardley who wants you to get wealth from the bottom of the ocean, tom, is the same fellow who is keeping my brother out of the oil well property! i'm sure of it!" "it does seem so," tom agreed. "dixwell hardley is not a usual name; but we must be careful. in spite of its unusualness there may be two very different men who have that name. i think the only way to find out for certain is to see mr. keith. he'd know a picture of the dixwell hardley who, he claims, cheated him, wouldn't he?" "indeed he would!" exclaimed mrs. nestor. "but where could we get a picture of your mr. hardley? i call him that, though i don't suppose you own him, tom," and she smiled at her future son-in-law. "no, i don't own him, and i don't want to," was tom's answer. "but i happen to have a picture of him. i made him furnish me with proofs that he was on the pandora at the time she foundered in a gale, and among the documents he gave was his passport. it has his picture on. i have it here." tom drew the paper from his pocket. in one corner was pasted a photograph of the man who had been introduced to tom by mr. damon. "it looks like the same man my brother described," said mrs. nestor, "but of course i couldn't be sure." "there is only one way to be," tom stated, "and that is to show this picture to mr. keith. where is he?" "ill at his home in bedford," answered mrs. nestor. "then we'll go there and see him!" declared tom. "but it's a hundred miles from here!" exclaimed mary. "and you are leaving on your submarine trip the first thing in the morning, tom!" "no, i'm not leaving until i settle this matter," declared the young inventor. "i'm not going on an undersea voyage with a man who may be a cheater. i want this matter settled. i'll postpone this trip until i find out. a day's delay won't matter." "but it will take longer than that," said mr. nestor. "bedford is a small place, and there's only one train a day there. you'll lose at least three days tom, if you go there." "not necessarily," was the quick answer. "i can go by airship, and make the trip in a little over an hour. i can be back the same day, perhaps not in time to start our submarine trip, as mr. keith may be too ill to see me. but i won't lose much time in my air scout. "mary, will you go with me to see your uncle? we'll start the first thing in the morning and i'll show him this picture. will you go?" "i will!" exclaimed the girl. "good!" cried tom. "then i'll make preparations. i don't want to form any rash judgment, so we'll make certain; but it wouldn't surprise me a bit to have it turn out that the dixwell hardley who wants me to help him recover the pandora treasure is the same one who is trying to cheat mr. keith." early the next morning, when tom arose in his own home, he met mr. damon and mr. hardley, both of whom were guests at the swift house, pending the beginning of the undersea trip. "well, tom," began the eccentric man, "we have good weather for the start. bless my rubber boots! not that it much matters, though, what sort of weather we have when we're in the submarine. but i always like to start in the sunshine." "so do i," agreed mr. hardley. "i suppose we'll get off early this morning," he added. "we'll go to the dock in the auto, as usual, shall we not?" he asked. "we aren't going to start this morning," said tom, as he sat down to breakfast. "not going to start this morning!" exclaimed mr. hardley. "why--why--" "bless my alarm clock!" voiced mr. damon, "has anything happened, tom? no accident to the m. n. is there? you aren't backing out now, at the last minute, are you?" "oh, no," was the easy answer. "we'll go, as arranged, but not today. i had some unexpected news last night which necessitates making a trip this morning. i expect to be back tonight, if all goes well, and we'll start tomorrow morning instead of this. it's a matter of important business." "well, i don't know that we can find fault with mr. swift for attending to business," said mr. hardley, with a short laugh. "business is what keeps the world moving. and we are a little ahead of our schedule, as a matter of fact. may i ask where you are going, mr. swift?" "to bedford, to call on a mr. barton keith," answered tom quickly, looking the adventurer straight in the eyes. mr. hardley was a good actor, or else he was a perfectly innocent man, for he showed not the least sign of perturbation. "oh, bedford," he remarked. "don't know that i ever heard of the place." "or mr. keith, either?" asked tom, a bit sharply. "no, certainly not. why should i?" he asked, boldly. "i didn't know," tom replied. "i'm sorry to postpone our trip, but it's necessary," he added. "i'll be back as soon as i can. everything is in readiness, so there will be no delay." tom made a hurried meal, and then, giving ned a hint of what was in the wind, but cautioning him to say nothing about it, tom had the small air scout brought out, and in that he flew over to mary's home. he found her waiting for him, and, after being duly cautioned by her mother to "be careful," though whether that was of any value or not is possibly debatable, the small, speedy craft again took the air. "you haven't heard anything from your uncle since last night, have you?" asked tom, as they flew along. "yes," answered mary, "mother had a letter. he is worse, if anything, and the doctor says the only thing that will save him is the knowledge that the oil-well matter has turned out right and that my uncle will get his share of the wealth." "that's too bad!" sympathized tom. "i hope we can make it turn out that way. if the two dixwell hardley chaps are the same it may be that i can do something for your uncle. if not--we'll have to wait and see." it was not difficult for tom and mary to talk while in the aeroplane, as it was almost noiseless. in due time, bedford was reached without mishap, and tom and mary were soon at the home of her uncle. an explanation to the housekeeper and an inspection on the part of the nurse, brought forth permission for tom to see the patient. though he had never known mr. keith he could see that the man's health was indeed fast waning. wasting little time in preliminaries, the object of the visit was told and tom showed the passport photograph of dixwell hardley. "is that the man who cheated you on the oil-well deal?" asked the young inventor. "i won't admit he has yet cheated me, but he is trying to!" exclaimed mr. keith, with something of a return of his former spirit. "if i ever get off my back i'm going to fight him tooth and nail. but that's the same scoundrel! he got me to locate the wells, and when they panned out big--bigger than either of us dreamed--he turned me out cold. he denied he had ever offered to share with me, and said i was only working for monthly wages! why, sometimes i didn't get even that!" "how did he get the best of you?" asked tom. "by making away with or hiding the papers by which i could prove our partnership and my right to half a share in all the wells," answered mary's uncle. "yes, that's the same man all right. i'd know his face anywhere, and he has the same name." "he isn't going under a false name, that's sure," agreed tom. "he must be a bold chap." "he is--bold and unscrupulous! that's what makes him so successful in his own way!" declared mr. keith. "and so you are working with him! well, i'm sorry for you." "i'm not exactly working with him," replied tom. "as a matter of fact, i'm sorry i ever agreed to look for this wreck." he told the details of the pending treasure-trove expedition, and mentioned it as his belief that mr. damon had been mistaken in his estimate of mr. hardley. "but, so far, mr. damon is quite taken with him," tom went on. "now, mr. keith, if it isn't too much for you, i should like to hear all the particulars." thereupon mary's uncle told his story. it was a long one. after many hardships in life, which mr. keith related in some detail to tom, the oil-well prospector at last fell in with dixwell hardley. then followed the combination of interests. "we are actually partners," declared mr. keith. "i agreed to do the work, and he agreed to furnish the money. i must say this for him, that he kept to that end of the bargain. he supplied the money to locate and drill the wells, but i got very little of it personally. and i fulfilled my end of it. i discovered the wells. then, when the break came, and i wanted to be rid of the man--for i caught him in some crooked transactions--he surprised me by telling me to get out. i asked for my share of the oil-well stock, and was told i was not entitled to any. "i put up a fight, naturally, and took the matter to court. but when it came to trial dixwell hardley did not appear, and, though i won a technical victory over him, i never got any money." "where was he during the trial?" asked tom. "at sea, i believe." "at sea?" "yes, he was mixed up in some south american revolution, i heard." "a south american revolution!" exclaimed tom, and a great light came to him. "yes," went on mary's uncle. "he was always that kind--mixing up in anything he thought would produce money. he didn't make out very well in the revolution business, so i understood. the revolutionary party was beaten, or they lost their shipment of arms, or something like that. at any rate, dixwell hardley had a narrow escape with his life when a ship went down, and from then on i've been trying to get him to restore my rights to me." "did he have the papers that would prove you were entitled to a half share in the oil wells?" asked tom. "he certainly did!" said the sick man, who was obviously being weakened by this long and exhausting talk. "at first i was not sure of what happened, but now i am positive he stole the papers and took them to sea with him. what happened to them after that i don't know. but if i had dixwell hardley here--now--i--i'd--" mr. keith fell back in a faint on the bed, and, in great alarm, tom summoned the nurse. chapter xii in deep waters mary nestor, as well as tom swift, felt great alarm over the condition of mr. keith. but the nurse, after reviving him, said: "he is in no special immediate danger. talking about his trouble overstrained him, but in the end it may do him good." "then will he get well?" asked mary. "he may," was the noncommittal answer. "his recovery would be hastened, however, if his mind could be relieved. he keeps worrying about the loss of his papers that proved his share in the texas oil wells. until they can be given back to him he is bound to suffer mentally, and of course that effects him physically." "oh, if we only could do something!" murmured mary. "perhaps we can," said tom in a low voice. "i've learned something these last few hours. i don't want to promise too much, but i think i begin to see how matters lie. there, he's rousing. speak to him, mary." mr. keith opened his eyes, and smiled at his niece. "did i dream it," he asked in a low voice, "or was there some young man with you, mary, my dear, to whom i was telling my troubles about the oil-well papers?" "you didn't dream it, uncle," mary answered. "you were talking to tom swift. here he is," and tom came forward. "oh, yes, i remember now," said mr. keith passing his hand wearily over his eyes. "i thought, for a moment, that he had recovered my papers for me. but that was a dream, i'm sure." "it may not be, mr. keith!" exclaimed tom. "may not be? what do you mean?" "i mean," replied the young inventor, "that i am much interested in what you have told me. now that i have proved that the dixwell hardley who is to sail with me is the same one who has treated you so shabbily, i think i understand the truth. i don't want to make a promise that i may not be able to carry out, but i am going to watch this man while he's on the submarine with me." "then you are going on with the voyage, tom?" asked mary. "i shall have to," he said. "i have entered into an agreement with this man and i'm not going to break my contract, no matter what he does. but i think i know what his game is. mr. keith, i'm going to ask you to keep quiet about this matter until i come back from the treasure search. i may then have some news for you." "i hope you do, young man, i hope you do!" exclaimed the oil contractor, with more energy than he had previously shown. "it means a lot, at my age, to lose a small fortune. if i were well and strong i'd tackle this dixwell hardley myself, and make him give up the papers i'm sure he has hidden away. he has them, i'm positive." "well, he may not have them, but perhaps he knows where they are," said tom. "and i'm going to make it my business to watch him and see if i can find out his secret. i won't let him know i've heard from you. i'll apply the old saying of giving him plenty of rope, and i'll watch what happens. "now, mr. keith, take care of yourself. mary and i must be getting back. try not to worry, and i'll do my best for you," tom concluded. mary added a few words of comfort and encouragement to her uncle, and then she and tom took leave of him, flying back to shopton in the speedy air scout. "what are you going to do, tom?" asked mary, as he left her at her home, having told mr. and mrs. nestor his part in the visit to barton keith. "i'm going to start on the submarine voyage tomorrow," was the answer of the young inventor. "do you really believe there is a treasure ship?" "well, i've satisfied myself that a ship named the pandora sunk about where hardley says it did, and she had some treasure on board. whether it's just the kind he has told me it was i don't know. but i'm going to find out." "then you'll be saying goodbye for a long time," observed mary, rather wistfully. "oh, it may not be for so very long," and tom tried to speak cheerfully. "i'll bring you back some souvenirs from the bottom of the sea," he added with a laugh. "bring me back--yourself!" said mary in a low voice, and then she hurried away. by appointment tom met mr. damon and mr. hardley at the submarine dock the next morning. everything had been made ready for the start, postponed from the day before. mr. hardley's estimated share of the expenses had been deposited in a bank, to be paid over later. "well, are we really going this time, or are you going to delay again?" asked the gold seeker, and his voice lacked a pleasant tone. "oh, we're going this time!" exclaimed tom. "and i hope everything turns out the way i want it to," he added meaningly. "we'll find the treasure on the ship all right, if we can find the ship," said mr. hardley. "that part is your job, mr. swift." "and i'll find her if she's where you say she went down," answered tom. "now then, as soon as ned comes we'll start." ned newton had been intrusted with some last-moment messages, but he arrived a little later, and hurried on board the m. n. which lay at her dock, just afloat. "all aboard!" called tom, when he saw his financial manager coming down the pier. "we're ready to start now." "bless my fountain pen!" exclaimed mr. damon, "but we ought to do something, tom--sing a song, make a speech or something, oughtn't we?" "we'll sing a song of victory when we come back," replied tom, with a laugh. "everything all right at home, ned?" he asked, for his chum had just come on from shopton. "yes; your father sent his regards, but he told me to make a last appeal to you to install a gyroscope rudder." "it's too late for that now," said tom. "he attaches, i think, too much importance to that device. i shan't need it with the improvements i have made to the craft. get aboard!" ned climbed down the hatchway, which, however, was not closed, as it was decided to navigate the craft on the surface until it was necessary to submerge her because of too rough water, or when the vicinity of the wreck was reached. "though we will go down to the bottom when we get to the atlantic for the purpose of testing her in deep water," decided tom. "most of the time we'll steam on the surface, for we'll save our batteries that way, and it's more comfortable breathing natural air." so, with part of her deck above the surface, the m. n. began her voyage, sent on her way by the cheers of the small force of tom's workmen at the submarine plant. the general public was not admitted, for the object of the quest was kept secret from all save those immediately interested. "rad, him be plenty mad he not come," said koku to tom, as the giant moved about the cabin, putting things to rights. "well, don't start crowing over him until we get back," warned the young inventor. "he may have the laugh on us." "rad no laugh," declared koku. "rad him too mad dat i come on trip." "a submarine voyage is no place for old, faithful eradicate," murmured tom. "he's better off looking after my father." the first part of the trip was without incident of moment. no mishap attended the voyage of the m. n. down the river, out into the bay, and so on to the great atlantic. fairly good time was made, as there was no particular object in speeding, and on the second day after leaving the dock tom gave orders for the hatch to be closed, the deck cleared, and everything made tight and fast. "what's up?" asked ned, hearing the instructions passed around. "we're approaching deep water," was the answer. "i'm going to submerge." a little later, by means of her diving rudders, aided also by the tanks, the m. n. began to sink. down, down, down she went. "now i'll be able to show you some pretty sights, mr. hardley," said tom, as he and his friends entered the forward compartment, while the steel shutters were rolled back from the heavy glass windows. "we'll be in deep waters presently." ten minutes later the depth gauge showed that they were down about three hundred feet, and that is pretty deep for a submarine. but tom's boat was capable of even greater depths than that. at first there was nothing much to observe save the opal-tinted water illuminated by the powerful lights of the submarine. small, and evidently frightened, fish darted to and fro, but there was nothing especially to attract the attention of tom and his friends, who had made much more sensational trips than this under water. mr. hardley, however, was fascinated, and kept close to the observation windows. "are there any wrecks around here?" he asked tom. "possibly," was the answer. "though they do not contain any treasure, i imagine--brick schooners or cargo boats would be about all." the submarine went deeper, plowing her way through the atlantic at a depth of more than three hundred and fifty feet, for tom wanted to subject her to a good test. suddenly mr. hardley, who was now alone at the window on the port side, uttered a cry of alarm. "look! look!" he fairly shouted. "we're surrounded by a school of sharks! what monsters! are we in danger?" chapter xiii the sea monster tom swift, who had been making readings of the various gauges, taking notes for future use, and otherwise busying himself about the navigation of his reconstructed craft, turned quickly from the instrument board at the cry from mr. hardley. the gold-seeker, with a look of terror on his face, had recoiled from the observation windows. "bless my hat band!" cried mr. damon. "look, tom!" they all turned their attention to the glass, and through the plates could be seen a school of giant fishes that seemed to be swimming in front of the submarine, keeping pace with it as though waiting for a chance to enter. "are we well protected against sharks, mr. swift?" demanded the adventurer. "are these sea monsters likely to break the glass and get in at us?" "indeed not!" laughed tom. "there is absolutely no danger from these fish--they aren't sharks, either." "not sharks?" cried mr. hardley. "what are they, then?" "horse mackerel," tom answered. "at least that is the common name for the big fish. but they are far from being sharks, and we are in no danger from them." "oh!" exclaimed mr. hardley, and he seemed a little ashamed of the exhibition of fear he had manifested. "well, they certainly seem determined to follow us," he added. the big fish were, indeed, following the submarine, and it required no exertion on their part to maintain their speed, since below the surface the m. n. could not move very fast, as indeed no submarine can, due to the resistance of the water. "they do look as though they'd like to take a bite or two out of us," observed ned. "are they dangerous, tom?" "not as a rule," was the answer. "i don't doubt, though, but if a lone swimmer got in a school of horse mackerel he'd be badly bitten. in fact, some years ago, when there was a shark scare along the new jersey coast, some fishermen declared that it was horse mackerel that were responsible for the death and injury of several bathers. a number of horse mackerel were caught and exhibited as sharks, but, as you can easily see, their mouths lack the under-shot arrangement of the shark, and they are not built at all as are the man-eaters." "bless my toothbrush!" exclaimed mr. damon. "still, between a horse mackerel and a shark there isn't much choice!" mr. hardley, with a shudder, turned away from the glass windows, and tom glanced significantly at ned. it was another exhibition of the man's lack of nerve. "we'll have trouble with him before this voyage is over," declared the young inventor to his chum, a little later. "what makes you think so?" asked ned. "because he's yellow; that's why. i thought him that once before, and then i revised my opinion. now i'm back where i started. you watch--we'll have trouble." "well, i guess we can handle him," observed the financial manager. "i'm going a little deeper," announced tom, toward evening on the first day of the voyage on the open ocean. "i want to see how she stands the pressure at five hundred feet. i feel certain she will, and even at a greater depth. but if there's anything wrong we want to correct it before we get too far away from home. we're going down again, deeper than before." a little later the submarine began the descent into the lower ocean depths. from three hundred and fifty feet she went to four hundred, and when the hand on the gauge showed four hundred and fifty there was a tense moment. if anything went wrong now there would be serious trouble. but tom swift and his men had done their work well. the m. n. stood the strain, and when the gauge showed four hundred and ninety feet mr. damon gave a faint cheer. "bless my apple dumpling, tom!" he replied, "this is wonderful." "oh, we've been deeper than this," replied the young inventor, "but under different conditions. i'm glad to see how well she is standing it, though." suddenly, as the needle pointer on the depth gauge showed five hundred and two feet, there came a slight jar and vibration that was felt throughout the craft. "what's that?" suddenly and nervously cried mr. hardley. "have we struck something?" "yes, the bottom of the ocean," answered tom quietly. "we are now on the floor of the atlantic, though several hundred miles, and perhaps a thousand, from the treasure ship. we bumped the bottom, that's all," and as he spoke he brought the submarine to a stop by a signal to the engine room. and there, as calmly and easily as some of the masses of seaweed growing on the ocean floor around her, rested the m. n. . it was a test of her powers, and well had she stood the test, though harder ones were in store for her. and inside the submarine tom and his party were under scarcely greater discomfort than they would have been on the surface. true, they were confined to a restricted space, and the air they breathed came from compression tanks, and not from the open sky. the lights had to be kept aglow, of course, for it was pitch dark at that depth. the sunlight cannot penetrate to more than a hundred feet. but sunlight was not needed, for the craft carried powerful electric lights that could illuminate the sea in the immediate vicinity of the submarine. "are you going to stay here long?" asked mr. hardley, when tom had spent some time making accurate readings of the various instruments of the boat. "of course, i realize that you are the commander, but if we don't get to the treasure ship soon some one else may loot her before we have a chance. she's been given up as a hopeless task more than once, but the lure of the millions may attract another gang." "i want to stay here until i make sure that nothing is leaking and that everything is all right," answered the young inventor. "this is a test i have not given her since the rebuilding. but i think she is coming through it all right, and we can soon start off again. before we do, though, i want to try the new diving outfit. ned, are you game for it now? this is a little deeper than you have gone out in for some time, but--" "oh, i'm game!" exclaimed the young financial manager. "get out the suit, tom, and i'll put it on. i'll go for a stroll on the bottom of the sea. who knows? perhaps i may pick up a pearl." "pearls aren't found in these northern waters, any more than are sharks," said tom with a laugh. "however, i'll have the suits made ready. i'll send koku with you, and i'll stay in this time. mr. damon, do you want to go out?" "not this time, tom," answered the eccentric man. "my heart action isn't what it used to be. the doctor said i mustn't strain it. at a depth not quite so great i may take a chance." "how about you, mr. hardley?" asked tom. "do you want to put on one of my portable diving suits and walk around on the bottom of the sea?" "i--i don't believe i've had enough experience," was the hesitating answer. "i'll watch the others first." tom felt that it would be this way, but he said nothing. he ordered the diving suits made ready, a special size having been built for the giant, and soon preparations were under way for the two to step outside the craft. those who have read of tom swift's submarine boat know how his special diving outfit was operated. instead of the diver being supplied with the air through a hose connected with a pump on the surface, there was attached to the suit a tank of compressed air, which was supplied as needed through special reducing valves. the diving dress, too, was exceptionally strong, to withstand the awful pressure of water at more than five hundred feet below the surface. the usual rubber was supplemented by thin, reinforced sheets of steel, and this feature, together with an auxiliary air pressure, kept the wearer safe. thus ned and koku could leave the submarine, walk about on the floor of the ocean as they pleased, and return, unhampered by an air hose or life line. in dangerous waters, infested by sea monsters, weapons could be carried that were effective under water. the diving suit was also provided with a powerful electric light operated by a new form of storage current, compact and lasting. "well, i think we're all ready," announced ned, as he and koku were helped into their suits and they waited for the glass-windowed helmets to be put on. once these were fastened in place talk would have to be carried on with the outside world by means of small telephones or by signals. "give me axe!" exclaimed koku, as some of the sailors were about to put his helmet in place. "what do you want of an axe?" tom asked. "maybe so one them cow fish come along," explained the giant. "koku whack him with axe." "he means horse mackerel," laughed ned. "give him the axe, tom. i don't like the looks of those fish, either. i'll take a weapon myself." two keen axes were handed to the divers, their helmets were screwed on, and they immediately began breathing the compressed air carried in a tank on their shoulders. slowly and laboriously they walked to the diving chamber. their progress would be easier in the water, which would buoy them up in a measure. now they were heavily weighted. to leave the submarine the divers had to enter a steel chamber in the side of the craft. this craft contained double doors. once the divers were inside the door leading to the interior of the submarine was hermetically closed. water from outside was then admitted until the pressure was equalized. then the outer door was opened and ned and koku could step forth. they entered the chamber, the door was closed tightly and then tom swift turned the valve that admitted the sea water. with a hiss the atlantic began rushing in, and in a short time the outer door would be opened. "if you'll come around to the observation windows you can see them," said tom, when a look at the indicators told him ned and koku had stepped forth. to the front cabin he and the others betook themselves, and when the interior lights were turned out and the exterior ones turned on they waited for a sight of the two divers. "bless my pickle bottle!" cried mr. damon, "there they are, tom." as he spoke there came into view, moving slowly, ned and koku. their portable lights were glowing, and then, in order to see them better, tom turned out the exterior searchlights. this made the two forms, in their rather grotesque dress, stand out in bold relief amid the swirling green waters of the atlantic. ned and the giant moved slowly, for it was impossible to progress with any speed under that terrific pressure. they looked toward the submarine and waved their hands in greeting. they had no special object on the ocean floor, except to try the new diving dress, and it seemed to operate successfully. ned made a pretense of looking for treasure amid the sand and seaweed, and once he caught and held up by its tail a queer turtle. koku stalked about behind ned, looking to right and left, possibly for a sight of some monster "cow fish." "they're coming back in, i think," remarked tom, when he saw ned turn and start back for the side of the craft, where, amidships, was located the diving chamber. "they're satisfied with the test." suddenly koku was seen to glide to the side of ned, and point at something which none of the observers in the m. n. could see. the giant was evidently perturbed, and ned, too, showed some agitation. "bless my rubber shoes! what's the matter?" cried mr. damon. "i don't know," answered tom. "perhaps they have sighted a wreck, or something like that." "look! it's a sea monster!" cried mr. hardley. "i can see the form of some great fish, or something. look! it's coming right at them!" as he spoke all in the observation chamber saw a great, black form, as if of some monster, move close to the two divers. chapter xiv in strange peril "what is it, tom? what is it?" cried mr. damon, not stopping in this moment of excitement to bless anything. "what is going to attack ned and koku?" "i don't know," answered the young inventor. "it's some big fish evidently. i must get to the diving chamber!" he gave a quick glance through the observation windows. ned and the giant were moving as fast as they could toward the side of the craft where they could enter. the black, shadowy form was nearer now, but its nature could not be made out. calling to his force of assistants, tom stood ready to let his chum and koku out of the diving chamber as soon as the water should have been pumped from it. a little later, as they all stood waiting in tense eagerness, there came a signal that the two divers had entered the side chamber. quickly tom turned the lever that closed the outer door. "they're safe!" he exclaimed, as he started the pumps to working. but even as he spoke they felt a jar, and the submarine rolled partly over as if she had collided with some object. yet this could not be, as she was stationary on the floor of the ocean. "bless my cake of soap, tom!" cried mr. damon, "what in the world is that?" "if it's an accident!" exclaimed mr. hardley, "i think it ought to be prevented. there have been too many happenings on this trip already. i thought you said your submarine was safe for underwater trips!" he fairly snapped at tom. the young inventor gave one look at the irate man who was coming out in his true colors. but it was no time to rebuke him. too much yet remained to be done. ned and koku were still in the chamber and protected from some unknown sea monster by only a comparatively thin door. they must be inside to be perfectly safe. tom speeded up the pumps that were forcing the water from the chamber so the inner door could be opened. eagerly he and his men watched the gauges to note when the last gallon should have been forced out by the compressed air. not until then would it be safe to let ned and koku step into the interior of the craft. the submarine had not ceased rolling from the force of the blow she had received when there came another, and this time on the opposite side. once more she rolled to a dangerous angle. "bless my tea biscuit!" cried mr. damon, "what is it all about, tom swift?" "i don't know," was the low-voiced answer, "unless a pair of monsters are attacking us on both sides alternately. but we'll soon learn. there goes the last of the water!" the gauge showed that the diving chamber was empty. quickly the inner doors were opened, and, with their suits still dripping from their immersion in the salty sea, ned and koku stepped forth. in another moment their helmets were loosed from the bayonet catches, and they could speak. "what was it, ned?" cried tom. "big fish!" answered koku. "two monster whales!" gasped ned. "we barely got away from them! they're ramming the sub, tom!" as he spoke there came a blow on the port side, greater than either of the two preceding ones. those in the m. n. staggered about, and had to hold on to objects to preserve their footing. "both at the same time!" cried ned. "the two whales are coming at us both at once!" this was evidently the case. tom swift quickly hurried to the engine room. "what are you going to do?" asked mr. hardley. "you ought to do something! i'm not going to be killed down here by a whale. you've got to do something, swift! i've had enough of this!" tom did not deign an answer, but hurried on. mr. damon followed him, having seen that some of the sailors were helping ned and koku out of the diving suits. "are we in any danger, tom?" asked the eccentric man. "yes; but i think it is easily remedied," was the answer. "we'll go up to the surface. i don't believe the whales will follow us. or, if they do, they can't do much damage when we are in motion. it's because we are stationary and they are moving that the blows seem so violent. unless they collide head on with us, in the opposite direction to ours, we ought to be able to get clear of them. if they persist in following us--" he paused as he pulled over the lever that would send the m. n. to the surface. "well, what then?" asked mr. damon. "then we'll have to use some weapon, and i have several," finished the young inventor. a few moments later the craft was in motion, not before, however, she was struck another blow, but only a glancing one. "we're puzzling them!" cried tom. having done all that was possible for the time being, tom hurried to the observation chamber, followed by the others. there tom switched on the powerful lights. for a moment nothing was to be seen but the swirling, green water. then, suddenly, a great shape came into view of the glass windows, followed by another. "whales!" cried tom swift. "and the largest i've ever seen." it was true. two immense specimens of the cetacean species were in front of the submarine, one on either bow, evidently much puzzled over the glaring lights. they were bow-heads, and immense creatures, and it would not take many blows from them to disable even a stouter craft than was the submarine. but the motion of the undersea ship, the bright lights, and possibly the feel of her steel skin was evidently not to the liking of the sea monsters. one, indeed, came so close to the glass that he seemed about to try to break it, but, to the relief of all, he veered off, evidently not liking the look of what he saw. just once again, before the craft reached the surface, was there another blow, this time at the stern. but it was a parting tap, and none others followed. "they've gone!" exclaimed mr. damon, as the whales vanished from the sight of those in the forward cabin. "have you any adequate protection against these monsters of the deep?" asked mr. hardley in a fault-finding voice. "i should think you would have taken precautions, swift!" he had dropped the formal "mr." and seemed to treat tom as an inferior. "we have other protection than running away," said the young inventor quietly. "there are guns we can use, and, if the whales had been far enough away, i could have sent a small torpedo at them. close by it would be dangerous to use that, as it would operate on us just as the depth bombs operated on the german submarines. however, i fancy we have nothing more to fear." and tom was right. when the surface was reached and the main hatch opened, the sea was calm and there was no sight of the whales. they evidently had had enough of their encounter with a steel fish, larger even than themselves. "but they surely were monsters," said ned, as he told of how he and koku had sighted the animals; for a whale is an animal, and not a fish, though often mistakenly called one. "koku was for attacking them with his axe," went on ned, "but i motioned to him to beat it. we wouldn't have stood a show against such creatures. they were on us before we noticed their coming, but i presume the big submarine attracted them away from us." "it might have been the lights you carried that drew them," suggested tom. "i am glad you came out of it so well." mr. hardley seemed to recover some of his former manners, once the peril was passed, but his conduct had been a revelation to mr. damon. "tom," said the eccentric man in private to the young inventor, "i'm disgusted with that fellow. i don't see how i was ever bamboozled into taking up his offer." "i don't, either," replied tom frankly. "but we're in for it now. we've agreed to do certain things, and i'll carry out my end of the bargain. however, i won't put up with any of his nonsense. he's got to obey orders on this ship! i know more than he thinks i do!" the next two days the m. n. progressed along on the surface, and nothing of moment occurred. then, as they neared southern waters, and tom desired to make some observations of the character of the bottom, it was decided to submerge. accordingly, one day the order was given. not until the gauge showed a hundred fathoms, or six hundred feet, did the craft cease descending, and then she came to rest on the bottom of the sea--a greater depth than she had yet attained on this voyage. "how beautiful!" exclaimed mr. damon, when tom turned on the lights and they looked out of the forward cabin windows. "how wonderful and beautiful!" well might he say that, for they were resting on pure white sand, and about them, growing on the bottom of this warm, tropical sea were great corals, purple and white, of wondrous shapes, waving plants like ferns and palms, and, amid it all, swam fish of queer shapes and beautiful colors. "this is worth waiting for!" murmured ned. "if only moving pictures of this could be taken in colors, it would create a sensation." "perhaps i may try that some day," said tom with a smile. "but just now i have something else to do. ned, are you game for another try in the diving dress? i want to see how it operates with a new air tank i've fitted on. want to try?" "sure i'll go out," was the ready answer. "it's nicer walking around on this white sand than on the black mud where we saw the whales. you can see better, too." a little later he and one of the sailors were outside the submarine, walking around in the diving dress, while tom and the others watched through the glass windows. the new air tank seemed to be working well, for ned, coming close to the window, signaled that he was very comfortable. he walked around with the sailor, breaking off bits of odd-shaped coral to bring back to tom. suddenly, as those inside the craft looked out, they saw the sailor turn from ned's side, and with a warning hand, point to something evidently approaching. the next instant a queer shape seemed to envelope ned newton, coming out from behind a ledge of weed-draped coral. and a cry went up from those in the submarine as ned was seen to be enveloped in long, waving arms. "an octopus!" cried mr. damon. "bless my soul, tom, an octopus has ned!" "no, it isn't that!" cried the young inventor hoarsely. "it's some other monster. it has only five arms--an octopus has eight! i've got to save ned!" and he hurried toward the diving chamber, while the others, in fascinated horror, looked at the diver who was in such strange peril. chapter xv tom to the rescue mr. damon came to a pause in the compartment from which the diving chamber gave access to the ocean outside. tom, standing before the sliding steel door, had summoned to him several of his men and was rapidly giving them directions. "what are you going to do, tom swift?" asked the eccentric man. "i'm going out there to save ned!" was the quick answer. "he's in the grip of some strange monster of the sea. what it is i don't know, but i'm going to find out. koku, you come with me!" "yes, master, me come!" said the giant simply, as if tom had told him to go for a pail of water instead of risking his life. "barnes, the electric gun!" cried the young inventor to one of his helpers, while others were getting out the diving suits. "the electric gun!" exclaimed the man. "do you mean the small one?" "no, the largest. the improved one." "right, sir! here you are!" "do you mean to say you are going out there, where that monster is, and attack it with a gun?" asked mr. hardley. "that's what i'm going to do!" answered tom, as he began to put on the suit of steel and rubber, an example followed by koku. "but you may be attacked by the monster! you may be killed! you are risking your life!" cried the gold seeker. "i know it." tom spoke simply. "ned would do the same for me!" "but hold on!" cried mr. hardley. "if you are killed there will be no one to navigate this boat to the place of the wreck! you can't desert this way!" tom gave the man one look of contempt. "you need have, no fears," he said. "this submarine is under international maritime laws. if i die, captain nelson, the next in command, takes charge, and the original orders will be carried out. if it is possible to get the gold for you it will be done. now let me alone. i've got work to do!" "bless my apple cart, tom, that's the way to talk!" exclaimed mr. damon, and he, too, for the first time, seemed ready to break with hardley. "if i were a bit younger i'd go out with you myself and help save ned." "koku and i can do it--if he's still alive!" murmured the young inventor. "lively now, boys! is that gun ready?" "yes, and doubly charged," was the answer. "good! i may need it. koku, take a gun also!" "me take axe, master," replied the giant. "well, perhaps that will be better," tom agreed. "if two of us get to shooting under the water we may hit one another. quick, now! the helmets. and, nash, you work the big searchlight!" "aye, aye, sir!" answered the sailor. the helmets were now put on, and any further orders tom had to give must come through the telephone, and it was by that same medium that he must listen to the talk of his friends. it was possible for the divers to talk and listen to one another while in the water by means of these peculiarly constructed telephones. "all ready, koku?" asked tom. "all ready, master," answered the giant, as he grasped his keen axe. the inner door of the diving chamber was now opened, and, the water having been pumped out of the chamber since ned and the sailor had emerged, it was ready for tom and koku. they entered, the door was closed, and presently they felt the pressure of water all about them, the sea being admitted through valves in the outer door. while this was going on mr. damon, the gold-seeker, and some of the crew and officers went into the forward chamber to observe the undersea fight against the monster that had attacked ned. suddenly the waters glowed with a greatly increased light, and in this illumination it was seen that the monster, whatever it was, had almost completely enveloped tom's chum with its five arms. "what makes it possible to see better?" asked mr. damon. "i've turned on the big searchlight," was the answer. "mr. swift had it installed at the last moment. it's the same kind he invented and gave to the government, but he retained the right to use it himself." "it's a good thing he did!" exclaimed the eccentric man. "now he can see what he's doing! poor ned! i'm afraid he's done for!" "look!" exclaimed one of the crew. "norton, the sailor who went out with mr. newton, is trying to kill the monster with his spear!" this was so. ned's companion, armed with a lone pole to which he had lashed a knife, was stabbing and jabbing at the black form which almost completely hid ned from sight. but the efforts of the sailor seemed to produce little effect. "what in the world can it be?" asked mr. damon. "tom says it isn't an octopus, and it can't be, unless it has lost three of its arms. but what sort of monster is it?" no one answered him. the powerful searchlight continued to glow, and in the gleam ned could be seen trying to break away from the grip of the atlantic beast. but his efforts were unavailing. it was as if he was enveloped in a sort of sack, made in segments, so that they opened and closed over his head. about all that could be seen of him was his feet, encased in the heavy lead-laden boots. the form of the other sailor, who had gone out of the submarine with him, could be seen moving here and there, stabbing at the huge creature. "here comes tom!" suddenly exclaimed mr. damon, and the young inventor, followed by the giant koku, came into view. they had emerged from the diving chamber, walked around the submarine as it rested on the ocean floor, and were now advancing to the rescue. tom carried his electric rifle, and koku an axe. so desperately was norton engaged in trying to kill the sea beast that had attacked ned, that for the moment he was unaware of the approach of tom and koku. then, as a swirl of the water apprised him of this, he turned and, seeing them, hastened toward them. "what is it?" tom asked through the telephone, this information being given to the watchers in the submarine later, as all they could gather then was by what they saw. "what sort of monster is it?" "a giant starfish!" answered norton, speaking into his mouthpiece and the water serving as a transmitting medium instead of wires. "i never knew they grew so big! this one has its five arms all around mr. newton!" "a starfish!" murmured tom. this accounted for it, and, as he looked at the monster from closer quarters, he saw that norton had spoken the truth. small starfish, or even large ones, two feet or more in diameter, may be seen at the seashore almost any time. nearly always the specimens cast up on the beach are in extended form, either limp, or dead and dried. in almost every instance they are spread out just as their name indicates, in the conventional form of a star. but a starfish alive, and at its business of eating oysters or other shell animals in the sea, is not at all this shape. instead, it assumes the form of a sack, spreading its five radiating arms around the object of its meal. it then proceeds to suck the oyster out of its shell, and so powerful a suction organ has the starfish that he can pull an oyster through its shell, by forcing the bivalve to open. and it was a gigantic starfish, a hundred times as large as any tom had ever seen, that had ned in its grip. the creature had doubtless taken the diver for a new kind of oyster, and was trying to open it. an octopus has suckers on the inner sides of its eight arms. a starfish has little feelers, or "fingers," arranged parallel rows on the inner side of its arms--thousands of little feelers, and these exert a sort of sucking action. the gigantic starfish had attacked ned from above, settling down on him so that the head of the diver was at the middle of the creature's body, the five arms, dropping over ned in a sort of living canopy. and the arms held tightly. "come on, koku, and you, too, norton!" called tom through his headpiece telephone. "we'll all attack it at once. i'll fire, and then you begin to hack it. the electric charge ought to stun it, if it doesn't kill the beast!" tom's new electric gun, unlike one kind he had first invented, did not fire an electrically charged bullet. instead it sent a powerful charge of electricity, like a flash of lightning, in a straight line toward the object aimed at. and the current was powerful enough to kill an elephant. bracing his feet on the white sand, which gleamed and sparkled in the glare of the searchlight, tom aimed at the gigantic starfish which had enveloped ned. standing on either side of him, ready to rush in and attack with axe and lance, were koku and norton. for an instant tom hesitated. he was wondering whether the powerful electric charge might not penetrate the body of the starfish and kill his chum. "but the rubber suit ought to insulate and protect him," mused the young inventor. "here goes!" taking quick aim, tom pulled the switch, and the deadly charge shot out of the rifle toward the sea monster. chapter xvi gasping for air for an instant after the electrical charge had been fired nothing seem to happen. the giant starfish still enveloped ned newton in its grip, while tom and his two companions stood tensely waiting and those in the submarine looked anxiously out through the thick glass windows. then, as the powerful current made itself felt, those watching saw one of the arms slowly loosen its grip. another floated upward, as a strand of rope idly drifts in the current. tom saw this, and called through his telephone: "he's feeling it! go to him, boys! koku, you with the axe!" they needed no second urging. springing toward the monster, koku with upraised axe and norton with the lance, they attacked the starfish. hacking and stabbing, they completed the work begun by tom's electric gun. with one powerful stroke, even hampered as he was by the heavy medium in which he operated, koku lopped off one of the legs. norton thrust his lance deep into the body of the monster, but this was hardly needed, for the starfish was now dead, and gradually the remaining arms relaxed their hold. pushing with their weapons, the giant and the sailor now freed ned from the bulk of the creature, which floated away. it was almost immediately attacked by a school of fish that seemed to have been waiting for just this chance. ned newton was freed, but for a moment he staggered about on the floor of the sea, hardly able to stand. "are you all right, ned? did he pierce your suit?" asked tom, anxiously through the telephone. "yes, i'm all right," came back the reassuring answer. "i'm a bit cramped from the way he held me, but that's all. guess he found this suit of rubber and steel too much for his digestion." slowly, for ned was indeed a bit stiff and cramped, they made their way back to the submarine, passing through a vast horde of small fishes which had been attracted by the dismemberment of the monster that had been killed. "there'll be sharks along soon," said tom to ned through the telephone. "they're not going to miss such a gathering of food as these small fry present. and sharks will present a different emergency from starfish." tom spoke truly, for a little later, when they were all once more safely within the submarine, looking through the windows, they saw a school of hungry sharks feeding on the millions of small fish that gathered to eat the creature that had attacked ned. "what did you think was happening to you out there?" asked tom, when the diving suits had been put away. "i didn't know what to think," was the answer. "i was prospecting around, and i leaned over to pick up a particularly beautiful bit of coral. all at once i felt something over me, as a cloud sometimes hides the sun. i looked up, saw a big black shape settling down, and then i felt my arms pinned to my sides. at first i thought it was an octopus, but in a moment i realized what it was. though i never thought before that starfish grew so large." "nor i," added tom. "well, you've had an experience, to say the least." they remained a little longer in the vicinity, tom and his officers making observations they thought would be useful to them later, and then the submarine went up to the surface. they cruised in the open the rest of that day, recharging the storage batteries and getting ready for the search which, tom calculated, would take them some time. as he had explained, it would not be easy to locate the pandora in the fathomless depths of the sea. ned and mr. damon did some fishing while they were on the surface, and, as their luck was good, there was a welcome change from the usual food of the m. n. . though, as tom had installed a refrigerating plant, fresh meat could be kept for some time, and this, in addition to the tinned and preserved foods, gave them an ample larder. "when are we going to begin the real search for the gold?" asked mr. hardley that evening. "i should say in another day or two," tom answered, after he had consulted the charts and made calculations of their progress since leaving their dock. "we shall then be in the vicinity of the place where you say the pandora went down, and, if you are sure of your location, we ought to be able to come approximately near to the location of the gold wreck." "of course i am sure of my figures," declared mr. hardley. "i had them directly from the first mate, who gave them to the captain." "well, it remains to be seen," replied tom swift. "we'll know in a few days." "and i hope there will be no more taking chances," went on the gold-seeker. "i don't see any sense in you people going out in diving suits to fight starfish. we need those suits to recover the gold with, and it's foolish to take needless risks." his tone and manner were dictatorial, but tom said nothing. only when he and mr. damon were alone a little later the eccentric man said: "tom will you ever forgive me for introducing you to such a pest?" "oh, well, you didn't know what he was," said tom good-naturedly. "you're as badly taken in as i am. once we get the gold and give him his share, he can get off my boat. i'll have nothing more to do with him!" not wishing to navigate in the darkness, for fear of not being able to keep an accurate record of the course and the distance made tom submerged the craft when night came and let her come to rest on the bottom of the sea. he calculated that two days later they would be in the vicinity of the pandora. the night passed without incident, situated, as they were, on the sand about three hundred feet below the surface; and after breakfast tom announced that they would go up and head directly for the place where the pandora had foundered. the ballast tanks were emptied, the rising rudder set, and the m. n. began to ascend. she was still several fathoms from the surface when all on board became aware of a violent pitching and tossing motion. "bless my postage stamp, tom!" exclaimed mr. damon, "what's the matter now?" "has anything gone wrong?" demanded mr. hardley. "nothing, except that we are coming up into a storm," answered the young inventor. "the wind is blowing hard up above and the waves are high. the swell makes itself felt even down here." tom's explanation of the cause of the pitching and rolling of the submarine proved correct. when they reached the surface and an observation was taken from the conning tower, it was seen that a terrific storm was raging. it was out of the question to open the hatches, or the m. n. would have been swamped. the waves were high, it was raining hard and the wind blowing a hurricane. "well, here's where we demonstrate the advantage of traveling in a submarine," announced tom, when it was seen that journeying on the surface was out of the question. "the disturbance does not go far below the top. we'll submerge and be in quiet waters." he gave the orders, and soon the craft was sinking again. the deeper she went the more untroubled the sea became, until, when half way to the bottom, there was no vestige of the storm. "are we going to lie here on the bottom all day, or make some progress toward our destination?" asked the gold-seeker, when tom came into the main cabin after a visit to the engine room. "it seems to me," went on mr. hardley, "that we've wasted enough time! i'd like to get to the wreck, and begin taking out the gold." "that is my plan," said tom quietly. "we will proceed presently--just as soon as navigating calculations can be made and checked up. if we travel under water we want to go in the right direction." his manner toward the gold-seeker was cool and distant. it was easy to see that relations were strained. but tom would fulfill his part of the contract. a little later, after having floated quietly for half an hour or so, the craft was put in motion, traveling under water by means of her electric motors. all that day she surged on through the salty sea, no more disturbed by the storm above than was some mollusk on the sandy bottom. it was toward evening, as they could tell by the clocks and not by any change in daylight or darkness, that, as the submarine traveled on, there came a sudden violent concussion. "what's that?" cried mr. damon. "we've struck something!" replied tom, who was with the others in the cabin, the navigation of the craft having been entrusted to one of the officers. "keep cool, there's no danger!" "perhaps we have struck the wreck!" exclaimed mr. hardley. "we aren't near her," answered the young inventor. "but it may be some other half-submerged derelict. i'll go to see, and--" tom's words were choked off by a sudden swirl of the craft. she seemed about to turn completely over, and then, twisted to an uncomfortable angle, so that those within her slid to the side walls of the cabin, the m. n. came to an abrupt stop. at the same time she seemed to vibrate and tremble as if in terror of some unknown fate. "something has gone wrong!" exclaimed tom, and he hurried to the engine room, walking, as best he could with the craft at that grotesque angle. the others followed him. "what's the matter, earle?" asked tom of his chief assistant. "one of the rudders has broken, sir," was the answer. "it's thrown us off our even keel. i'll start the gyroscope, and that ought to stabilize us." "the gyroscope!" cried tom. "i didn't bring it. i didn't think we'd need it!" for a moment earle looked at his commander. then he said: "well, perhaps we can make a shift if we can repair the broken rudder. we must have struck a powerful cross current, or maybe a whirlpool, that tore the main rudder loose. we've rammed a sand bank, or stuck her nose into the bottom in some shallow place, i'm afraid. we can't go ahead or back up." "do you mean we're stuck, as we were in the mud bank?" asked mr. hardley. "yes," answered tom, and earle nodded to confirm that version of it. "but we'll get out!" declared tom. "this is only a slight accident. it doesn't amount to anything, though i'm sorry now i didn't take my father's advice and bring the gyroscope rudder along. it would have acted automatically to have prevented this. now, mr. earle, we'll see what's to be done." all night long they worked, but when morning came, as told by the clocks, they were still in jeopardy. and then a new peril confronted them! earle, coming from the crew's quarters, spoke to tom quietly in the main cabin. "we'll have to turn on one of the auxiliary air tanks," he said. "we've consumed more than the usual amount on account of the men working so hard, and we used one of the compressed air motors to aid the electrics. we'll have to open up the reserve tank." "very well, do so," ordered tom. but a grim look came to his face when earle, returning a little later, reported with blanched cheeks: "the extra tank hasn't an atom of air in it, sir!" "what do you mean?" asked tom, in fear and alarm. "i mean that the valve has been opened in some way--broken perhaps by accident--and all the air we have is what's in the submarine now. not an atom in reserve, sir!" "whew!" whistled tom, and then he stood up and began breathing quickly. already the atmosphere was beginning to be tainted, as it always becomes in a closed place when no fresh oxygen can enter. without more fresh air the lives of all in the submarine were in imminent peril. and even as tom listened to the report of his officer, he and the others began gasping for breath. chapter xvii where is it? "down on your faces!" called tom to those with him in the cabin. "lie down, every one! the freshest air is near the floor; the bad air rises, being lighter with carbonic acid. lie down!" all obeyed, tom following the advice he himself gave. it was a little easier to breathe, lying on the tilted cabin floor, but how long could this be kept up? that was a question each one asked himself. "is every bit of our reserve air used?" asked tom, speaking to earle. "as far as i can learn, yes, sir. if i had known that the auxiliary tank was empty i wouldn't have ordered the compressed air motor used. but i didn't know." "no one is to blame," said tom in a low voice. "it is one of the accidents that could not be foreseen. if there is any blame it attaches to me for not installing the gyroscope rudder. if we had had that when we were caught in the cross current, or the whirlpool swirl, our equilibrium would have been automatically maintained. as it is--" he did not finish, but they all knew what he meant. "bless my soda fountain, tom!" murmured mr. damon, "but isn't there any way of getting fresh air?" "none without rising to the top," tom answered. "we'll have to try that. come with me to the engine room, mr. earle. it may be possible we can pull her loose." they started to crawl on their hands and knees, to take advantage of the purer air at the floor level. the situation of the m. n. was exactly the same as it had been when she ran into the mud bank in the river, with the exception that now she was in graver danger, for the supply of air for breathing was almost exhausted. reaching the engine room, where he found the crew lying down to take advantage of the better air near the floor, tom made a hasty examination of the apparatus. there was still plenty of power left in the storage batteries, but, so far, the motors they operated had not been able to pull the craft loose from where her nose was stuck fast. "are the tanks completely emptied?" asked tom. "as nearly so as we could manage with the pumps not acting to their full capacity," answered earle. "if we could turn the craft on a more level keel we might empty them further, and then her natural buoyancy would send her up." "then that's the thing to try to do!" exclaimed tom, his head beginning to feel the heaviness due to the impure air. "we'll move every stationary object over to the port side, and we'll all stand there, or lie there, ourselves. that may heel her over, and help loosen the grip of the sand." "it's worth trying," said earle. "get ready, men!" he called to the crew. tom crawled back to the main cabin and told mr. damon and the others what was to be attempted. "koku, you come and help move things," requested tom. "me move anything!" boasted the giant, who, because of his great strength and reserve power did not seem as greatly affected as were the others. going back to the engine room with koku, tom assisted, as well as he could, in the shifting of pieces of apparatus, stores and other things that were movable. they all worked at a great disadvantage except koku, and he did not seem to feel the lack of vitalizing air. one thing after another was shifted, and still the m. n. maintained the dangerous angle. "it isn't going to work!" gasped tom, as he noticed the indicator which told to what angle the craft was still off an even keel. "we'll have to try something else." "is there anything to try?" asked earle, in a faint voice. he was on the point of fainting for lack of air. tom looked desperately around. there was one piece of heavy machinery that might be moved to the other side of the engine room. it was bolted to the floor, but its added weight, with that of the crew and passengers, together with what had already been shifted, might turn the trick. "let's try to move that!" said tom faintly, pointing to it. "it will take an hour to unbolt it," said one of the men. "koku!" gasped tom, pointing to the heavy apparatus. "see if--see if you--" tom's breath failed him, and he sank down in a heap. but he had managed to make the giant understand what was wanted. "koku do!" murmured the big man. striding to the piece of machinery, the legs of which were bolted to the floor, koku got his arms under it. bending over, and arching his back, so as to take full advantage of his enormous muscles, the giant strained upward. there was a cracking of bone and sinew, a rasping sound, but the machinery did not leave the floor. "him must come!" gasped the giant. "one more go!" he took a hold lower down. tom's eyes were dim now, and he could not see well. some of the men were unconscious. then, suddenly, there was a loud, breaking sound, and something tinkled on the steel floor of the submarine engine room. it was the heads of the bolts which koku had torn loose. like hail they fell about the giant, and in another instant the big man had pulled loose the machine, weighing several hundreds of pounds. in another moment he shoved it across the floor, toward the elevated side of the craft. for a second or two nothing happened. then slowly, very slowly, the m. n. began to heel over. "she's turning!" some one gasped. an instant later, freed by this turning motion from the grip of the sand bank, the submarine shot to the surface. up and up she went, breaking out on the open sea as a great fish darts upward from the hidden depths. it was the work of only a few seconds for the man nearest it to open the hatch, and then in rushed the life-giving air. tom and his companions were saved, and by koku's strength. "me say him machine got to come up--him come up!" said the giant, smiling in happy fashion, when, after they had all gulped down great mouthfuls of the precious oxygen, they were talking of their experience. "yes, you certainly did it," said tom, and due credit was given to koku. "never again will i travel without a gyroscope," declared tom. "i'm almost ready to go back and have one installed now." "no, don't!" exclaimed the gold-seeker. "we are almost at the place of the wreck." "well, i suppose we can travel more slowly and not run a risk like that again," decided tom. "i'll put double valves on the emergency air tank, so no accident will release our supply again." this was done, after the broken valves had been repaired, and then, when the machine koku had torn loose was fastened down again, and the submarine restored to her former condition, a consultation was held as to what the next step should be. they were in the neighborhood of the west indies, and another day, or perhaps less, of travel would bring them approximately to the place where the pandora had foundered. the latitude and longitude had been computed, and then, with air tanks filled, with batteries fully charged, and everything possible done to insure success, the craft was sent on the last leg of her journey. for two days they made progress, sometimes on the surface, and again submerged, and, finally, on the second noon, when the sun had been "shot," tom said: "well, we're here!" "you mean at the place of the wreck?" asked mr. hardley. "at the place where you say it was," corrected tom. "well, if this is the place of which i gave you the longitude and latitude, then it's down below here, somewhere," and the gold-seeker pointed to the surface of the sea. it was a calm day and the ocean was the proverbial mill pond. "let's go down and try our luck," suggested tom. the orders were given, the tanks filled, the rudders set, and, with hatches closed, the m. n. submerged. then, with the powerful searchlight aglow, the search was begun. moving along only a few feet above the floor of the ocean, those in the submarine peered from the glass windows for a sight of the sunken pandora. all the rest of that day they cruised about below the surface. then they moved in ever widening circles. evening came, and the wreck had not been found. the search was kept up all night, since darkness and daylight were alike to those in the undersea craft. but when three days had passed and the pandora had not been seen, nor any signs of her, there was a feeling of something like dismay. "where is it?" demanded mr. hardley. "i don't see why we haven't found it! where is that wreck?" and he looked sharply at tom swift. chapter xviii a separation "mr. hardley," began tom calmly, as he took a seat in the main cabin, "when we started this search i told you that hunting for something on the bottom of the sea was not like locating a building at the intersection of two streets." "well, what if you did?" snapped the gold-seeker. "you're supposed to do the navigating, not i! you said if i gave you the latitude and longitude, down to seconds, as well as degrees and minutes, which i have done, that you could bring your submarine to that exact point." "i said that, and i have done it," declared tom. "when we computed our position the other day we were at the exact location you gave me as being the spot where the pandora foundered." "then why isn't she here?" demanded the unpleasant adventurer. "we went down to the bottom at the exact spot, and we've been cruising around it ever since, but there isn't a sign of the wreck. why is it?" "i'm trying to explain," replied tom, endeavoring to keep his temper. "as i said, finding a place on the open sea is not like going to the intersection of two streets. there everything is in plain sight. but here our vision is limited, even with my big searchlight. and being a few feet out of the way, as one is bound to be in making nautical calculations, makes a lot of difference. we may have been close to the wreck, but may have missed it by a few yards." "then what's to be done?" asked mr. hardley. "keep on searching," tom answered. "we have plenty of food and supplies. i came out equipped for a long voyage, and i'm not discouraged yet. another thing. the ship may have moved on several fathoms, or even a mile or two, after her last position was taken before she went down. in that case she'd be all the harder to find. and even granting that she sank where you think she did, the ocean currents since then may have shifted her. or she may be covered by sand." "covered by sand!" exclaimed the gold-seeker. "yes," replied tom. "the bottom of the ocean is always changing and shifting. storms produce changes in currents, and currents wash the sand on the bottom in different directions. so that a wreck which may have been exposed at one time may be covered a day or so later. we'll have to keep on searching. i'm not ready to give up." "maybe not. but i am!" snapped out mr. hardley. "what do you mean?" asked the young inventor. "just what i said," was the quick answer. "i'm not going to stay down here, cruising about without knowing where i'm going. it looks to me as if you were hunting for a needle in a haystack." "that's just about what we are doing," and tom tried to speak good-naturedly. "then do you know what i think?" the gold-seeker fairly shot forth. "not exactly," tom replied. "i think that you don't understand your business, swift!" was the instant retort. "you pretend to be a navigator, or have men who are, and yet when i give you simple and explicit directions for finding a sunken wreck you can't do it, and you cruise all around looking for it like a dog that has lost the scent! you don't know your business, in my estimation!" "well, you are entitled to your opinion, of course," agreed tom, and both mr. damon and ned were surprised to see him so calm. "i admit we haven't found the wreck, and may not, for some time." "then why don't you admit you're incompetent?" cried mr. hardley. "i don't see why i should," said tom, still keeping calm. "but since you feel that way about it, i think the best thing for us to do is to separate." "what do you mean?" stormed the other. "i mean that i will set you ashore at the nearest place, and that all arrangements between us are at an end." "all right then! do it! do it!" cried mr. hardley, shaking his fist, but at no one in particular. "i'm through with you! but this is your own decision. you broke the contract--i didn't, and i'll not pay a cent toward the expenses of this trip, swift! mark my words! i won't pay a cent! i'll claim the money i deposited in the bank, and i won't pay a cent!" "i'm not asking you to!" returned tom, with a smile that showed how he had himself in command. "you put up a bond, secured by a deposit, to insure your share of the expenses--yours and mr. damon's. very well, we'll consider that bond canceled. i won't charge you a cent for this trip. but, mark this, hardley: what i find from now on, is my own! you don't share in it!" "you mean that--" "i mean that if i discover the wreck of the pandora and take the gold from her, that it is all my own. i will share it with mr. damon, provided he remains with me--" "bless my silk hat, tom, of course i'll stay with you!" broke in the eccentric man. "but you don't share with me," went on the young inventor, looking sternly at the gold-seeker. "what i find is my own!" "all right--have it that way!" snapped the adventurer. "set me ashore as soon as you can--the sooner the better. i'm sick of the way you do business!" "nothing like being honest!" murmured ned. but, as a matter of fact, he was glad the separation had come. there had been a strain ever since hardley came aboard. mr. damon, too, looked relieved, though a trifle worried. he had considerable at stake, and he stood to lose the money he had invested with dixwell hardley. "this is final," announced tom. "if we separate we separate for good, and i'm on my own. and i warn you i'll do my best to discover that wreck, and i'll keep what i find." "much good may it do you!" sneered the other. "perhaps two can play that game." no one paid much attention to his words then, but later they were recalled with significance. "get ready to go up!" tom called the order to the engine room. "where are you going to land me?" asked mr. hardley. "i have a right to know that?" "yes," conceded tom, "you have. i'll tell you in a moment." he consulted a chart, made a few calculations and then spoke. "i shall land you at st. thomas," answered the young inventor. "i do not wish to bring my submarine to a place that is too public, as too many questions may be asked. from st. thomas you can easily reach porto rico, and from there you can go anywhere you wish." "very well," murmured the malcontent. "but i don't consider that i owe you a cent, and i'm not going to pay you." "i wouldn't take your money," tom answered. "and don't forget what i said--that what i find is my own." the other answered nothing. nor from then on did he hold much conversation with tom or any others in the party. he kept to himself, and a day later he was landed, at night, at a dock, and if he said "good-bye" or wished tom and his friends a safe voyage, they did not hear him. they were steaming along on the surface the next day, and at noon the submarine suddenly halted. "what's on now, tom?" asked ned, as he saw his chum prepare to go up on deck with some of the craft's officers. "we're going to 'shoot the sun' again," was the answer. "i want to make sure that we were right in our former calculations as to the position of the pandora. the least error would throw us off." using the sextant and other apparatus, some of which tom had invented himself, the exact position of the submarine was calculated. as the last figure was set down and compared with their previous location, one of the men who had been doing the computing gave an exclamation. "what's the matter?" asked tom. "look!" was the answer, and he pointed to the paper. "there's where a mistake was made before. we were at least two miles off our course." "you don't say so!" exclaimed tom, and, taking the sheet, he went rapidly over the results. chapter xix the serpent weed all waited eagerly for tom swift to verify the statement of the other mathematician, and the young inventor was not long in doing this, for he had what is commonly known as a "good head for figures." "yes, i see the mistake," said tom. "the wrong logarithm was taken, and of course that threw out all the calculations. i should say we were nearer three miles off our supposed location than two miles." "does that mean," asked mr. damon, "that we began a search for the wreck of the pandora three miles from the place hardley told us she was." "that's about it," tom said. "no wonder we couldn't find her." "what are you going to do?" ned wanted to know. "get to the right spot as soon as possible and begin the search there," tom answered. "you see, before we submerged as nearly as possible at the place where we thought the pandora might be on the ocean bottom. from there we began making circles under the sea, enlarging the diameter each circuit. "that didn't bring us anywhere, as you all know. now we will start our series of circles with a different point as the center. it will bring us over an entirely different territory of the ocean floor." "just a moment," said ned, as the conference was about to break up. "is it possible, tom, that in our first circling that we covered any of the ground which we may cover now? i mean will the new circles we propose making coincide at any place with the previous ones?" "they won't exactly coincide," answered the young inventor. "you can't make circles coincide unless you use the same center and the same radius each time. but the two series of circles will intersect at certain places." "i guess intersect is the word i wanted," admitted ned. "what's the idea?" tom wanted to know. "i'm thinking of hardley," answered his chum. "he might assert that we purposely went to the wrong location with him to begin the search, and if we afterward find the wreck and the gold, he may claim a share." "not much he won't!" cried tom. "bless my check book, i should say not!" exclaimed mr. damon. "hardley broke off relations with us of his own volition," said tom. "he 'breached the contract,' as the lawyers say. it was his own doing. "he has put me to considerable expense and trouble, not to say danger. he was aware of that, and yet he refused to pay his share. he accused me of incompetence. very well. that presuggested that i must have made an error, and it was on that assumption that he said i did not know my business. instead of giving me a chance to correct the error, which he declared i had made, he quit--cold. now he is entitled to no further consideration. "an error was made--there's no question of that. we are going to correct it, and we may find the gold. if we do i shall feel i have a legal and moral right to take all of it i can get. mr. hardley, to use a comprehensive, but perhaps not very elegant expression, may go fish for his share." "that's right!" asserted mr. damon. "i guess you're right, tom," declared ned. "there's only one more thing to be considered." "what's that?" asked the young inventor. "why, hardley himself may find out in some way that we were barking up the wrong tree, so to speak. that is, learn we started at the wrong nautical point. he may get up another expedition to come and search for the gold and--" "well, he has that right and privilege," said tom coolly. "but i don't believe he will. anyhow, if he does, we have the same chance, and a better one than he has. we're right here, almost on the ground, you might say, or we shall be in half an hour. then we'll begin our search. if he beats us to it, that can't be helped, and we'll be as fair to him as he was to us. this treasure, as i understand it, is available to whoever first finds it, now that the real owners, whoever they were, have given it up." "i guess you're right there," said mr. damon. "i'm no sea lawyer, but i believe that in this case finding is keeping." "and there isn't one chance in a hundred that hardley can get another submarine here to start the search," went on tom. "of course it's possible, but not very probable." "he might get an ordinary diving outfit and try," ned suggested. "not many ordinary divers would take a chance going down in the open sea to the depth the pandora is supposed to lie," tom said. "but, with all that, we have the advantage of being on the ground, and i'm going to make use of that advantage right away." he gave orders at once for the m. n. to proceed, and this she did on the surface. it was decided to steam along on the open sea until the exact nautical position desired was reached. this position was the same mr. hardley had indicated, but that position was not before attained, owing to an error in the calculations. as all know, to get to a certain point on the surface of the ocean, where there is no land to give location, a navigator has to depend on mathematical calculations. the earth's surface is divided by imaginary lines. the lines drawn from the north to the south poles are called meridians of longitude. they are marked in degrees, and indicate distance east or west of the meridian of, say, greenwich, england, which is taken as one of the centers. the degrees are further divided into minutes and seconds, each minute being a sixtieth of a degree and each second, naturally, the sixtieth of a minute. now, if a navigator had to depend only on the meridian lines indicating distance east and west, he might be almost any distance north or south of where he wanted to go. so the earth is further divided into sections by other imaginary lines called parallels of latitude. as all know, these indicate the distance north or south of the middle line, or the equator. the equator goes around the earth at the middle, so to speak, running from east to west, or from west to east, according as it is looked at. the meridian of greenwich may be regarded as a sort of half equator, running half way around the earth in exactly the opposite direction, or from north to south. the place where any two of these imaginary lines, crossing at right angles, meet may be exactly determined by the science of navigation. it is a complicated and difficult science, but by calculating the distance of the sun above the horizon, sometimes by views of stars, by knowing the speed of the ship, and by having the exact astronomical time at hand, shown on an accurate chronometer, the exact position of a ship at any hour may be determined. by this means, if a navigator wants to get to a place where two certain lines cross, indicating an exact spot in the ocean, he is able to do so. he can tell for instance when he has reached the place where the seventy-second degree of longitude, west from greenwich, meets and crossed the twentieth parallel of latitude. this spot is just off the northern coast of haiti. other positions are likewise determined. it was after about an hour of rather slow progress on the surface of the calm sea, no excess speed being used for fear of over-running the mark, that tom and his associates gathered on deck again to make another calculation. long and carefully they worked out their position, and when, at last, the figures had been checked and checked again, to obviate the chance of another error, the young inventor exclaimed: "well, we're here!" "really?" cried ned. "no doubt of it," said his chum. "bless my doormat!" cried mr. damon. "and do you mean to say, tom swift, that if we submerge now we'll be exactly where the pandora lies, a wreck on the floor of the ocean. "i mean to say that we're at exactly the spot where hardley said she went down," corrected tom, "and we weren't there before--that is not so that we actually knew it. now we are, and we're going down. but that doesn't guarantee that we'll find the wreck. she may have shifted, or be covered with sand. all that i said before in reference to the difficulty in locating something under the surface of the sea still holds good." once more, to make very certain there was no error, the figures were gone over, then, as one result checked the other, tom put away the papers, the nautical almanac, and said: "let's go!" slowly the tanks of the m. n. began to fill. it was decided to let her sink straight down, instead of descending by means of the vertical rudders. in that way it was hoped to land her as nearly as possible on the exact spot where the pandora was supposed to be. "how deep will it be, tom?" asked ned, as he stood beside his chum in the forward observation cabin and watched the needle of the gauge move higher and higher. "about six hundred feet, i judge, going by the character of the sea bottom around here. certainly not more than eight hundred i should say." and tom was right. at seven hundred and eighty-six feet the gauge stopped moving, and a slight jar told all on board that the submarine was again on the ocean floor. "now to look for the wreck!" exclaimed tom. "and it will be a real search this time. we know we are starting right." "are you going to put on diving suits and walk around looking for her?" asked ned. "no, that would take too long," answered tom. "we'll just cruise about, beginning with small circles and gradually enlarging them, spiral fashion. we'll have to go up a few feet to get off the bottom." as tom was about to give this order ned looked from the glass windows. the powerful searchlight had been switched on and its gleams illuminated the ocean in the immediate vicinity of the craft. as was generally the case, the light attracted hundreds of fish of various shapes, sizes, and, since the waters were tropical, beautiful colors. they swarmed in front of the glass windows, and ned was glad to note that there were no large sea creatures, like horse mackerel or big sharks. somehow or other, ned had a horror of big fish. there were sharks in the warm waters, he well knew, but he hoped they would keep away, even though he did not have to encounter any in the diving suit. slowly the submarine began to move. and as she was being elevated slightly above the ocean bed, to enable her to proceed, ned uttered an exclamation and pointed to the windows. "look, tom!" he cried. "what is it?" the young inventor asked. "snakes!" whispered his chum. "millions of 'em! out there in the water! look how they're writhing about!" tom swift laughed. "those aren't snakes!" he said. "that's serpent grass--a form of very long seaweed which grows on certain bottoms. it attains a length of fifty feet sometimes, and the serpent weed looks a good deal like a nest of snakes. that's how it got its name. i didn't know there was any here. but we must have dropped down into a bed of it." "any danger?" asked ned. "not that i know of, only it may make it more difficult for us to see the wreck of the pandora." as tom turned to leave the cabin the submarine suddenly ceased moving. and she came to a gradual stop as though she had been "snubbed" by a mooring line. "i wonder what's the matter!" exclaimed tom. "we can't have come upon the wreck so soon." at that moment a man entered the cabin. "trouble, mr. swift!" he reported. "what kind?" asked tom. "our propellers are tangled with a mass of serpent weed," was the answer. "they're both fouled, and we can't budge." "bless my anchor chain!" ejaculated mr. damon. "stuck again!" chapter xx the devil fish it was true. the long sinuous strands of ocean grass, known under the name of "serpent weed," had caught around the whirling propellers and there had been wound and twisted very tightly. just as sometimes the stern line gets so tightly twisted around a motor boat propeller as to require hours of work with an axe to free it, the seaweed was twisted around the blades of the m. n. . slowly the undersea craft came to a stop, and there she remained, floating freely enough, but a few feet above the bottom of the ocean. there was a look of alarm on the faces of ned and mr. damon, but tom swift smiled. "this is annoying, and may cause us delay," he announced, "but there is no danger." "how are we to get free from the weed?" asked mr. damon. "we can't move if it's wound around our propellers, can we?" "not very well," tom answered. "but all that will have to be done will be for some of us to put on diving suits, go out and chop the strands of weed away. we can do it more easily than could an ordinary vessel, for they would have to go into dry dock for the purpose. i think i'll go out myself. i want to look around a little." "i'll go with you," said ned. "as long as we haven't seen any sharks i don't mind." "nor gigantic starfish, either," added tom with a smile, and ned nodded in agreement. "we might try reversing the propellers," suggested the man from the engine room, who had come in with the information about the serpent weed. "the chief didn't like to try that. we saw the weed from our observation windows and stopped as soon as we felt we had fouled it." "that was right," commended tom. "well, try reversing. it can't do any harm, and it may make it easier for us to free the propellers when we go out." he went to the engine room himself to see that everything was properly attended to. slowly the motors were reversed, and only a slight current was given them, as, with the resistance of the tightly wound weed, too powerful a force might burn out the insulation. slowly the starting lever was thrown over. there was a low humming and whining as the current jumped from the batteries, and a slight vibration of the craft. tom looked at the movable pointer which showed the speed and direction of the propellers. the hand oscillated slightly and then stopped. "shut off the current!" cried tom. "it's of no use. the propellers are held as tight as a drum! we've got to go out and cut loose the serpent weed!" the experiment of reversing the propellers had failed. but still tom did not believe his craft was in danger. he gave orders for the engine room force to stand by and then arranged for himself, ned, and koku to go outside in diving dress and cut the weed off the shafts. there were twin propellers on the submarine, each revolving independently by separate motors, and each capable of being sent in forward or reverse direction. "start the engines as soon as we give the signal," tom told the machinist. "two knocks on the hull with an axe will mean go ahead, and three will mean reverse." "i understand," said weyth, the machinist. "but stand away from the propellers after you give the signal. i'll give you three minutes to move clear." "that will be enough," tom said. "but better make it half speed in either case. my idea is that if we can partly cut the weed off, starting the propellers, either forward or in reverse, will finish the trick." "it may," agreed weyth. armed with axes and sharp steel bars, tom, ned, and koku were soon ready to step outside the submarine. they entered the diving chamber. in the usual manner water was admitted, and, when the pressure was equalized, the outer door was opened and they walked out on the floor of the ocean, the submarine having been allowed to settle down again on the bottom of the atlantic. the powerful searchlight had been turned so that the beams were diffused toward the stern. in addition to this tom and his two companions carried, attached to their suits, small, but brilliant, electric torches. of course they had their air tanks with them, and also the telephones, by means of which they could communicate with one another. as they emerged into the warm waters surrounding the submarine they disturbed thousands of small fish which were feeding all about. like ocean swallows, the creatures scattered in all directions, some even brushing the divers as they slowly made their way toward the stern of the craft. "nice place here," said ned to tom, as they walked along, koku coming just behind them. "yes. if we could take this up above and exhibit it in some city park it would make a hit all right," answered the young inventor. they were walking on the pure, white, sandy floor of the ocean, some seven hundred feet below the surface, protected from the awful pressure of the water by means of the specially constructed suits which tom had invented. about them, growing as if in a garden, were great masses of coral, some so thin and sinuous that it waved as do palms and ferns in the open air. other coral was in great rock masses. then, too, there was the unpleasant serpent weed. it did not grow all over, but in patches here and there, as rank grass springs up in a meadow. and it had been the misfortune of the m. n. that she poked her tail into a mass of this long, tough grass, which was now wound about her propellers. in addition to the many wonderful vegetable forms that grew on the ocean floor, some rivalling in beauty the orchids of the tropics, and almost as delicate, there were the fishes, which darted to and fro, now swiftly swimming beneath some coral arch, and again poising around some mass of waving sea fronds. "well, let's get busy," called tom to ned through the telephone. "we want to free the propellers and find the wreck of the pandora. she may be a hundred feet from us, or a mile away, and in that case it's going to take longer to locate her." together they walked to the stern of the disabled craft. one look at the propeller shafts, the examination being made by the diffused glow from the searchlight, as well as from the electric torches carried, showed that the diagnosis of the trouble was correct. wound around both propellers was a mass of the serpent weed, tightly bound because the machinery had whirled it around and around after the grass had once been caught. it was almost as bad as though manila cable had been thus accidentally fastened. "well, might as well begin to cut it loose," said tom to his companions. "koku, you take the port propeller, and ned and i will work on the other. you ought to be able to beat us at this game." "me do," said the giant, as he got his axe ready for work. blows struck in water lose much of their force. this can easily be proved by filling a bathtub full of water, rolling up the sleeves, and then taking a hammer in the hand, immersing it fully, and trying to strike some object held in the other hand. the water hampers the blows. it was this way with tom and his friends. nearly half of koku's great strength was wasted. but they knew they could take their time, though they did not want to waste many hours. the streamers of weed were like strands of tightly wound rope, and this, under certain circumstances, acquires almost the density of wood. tom and ned, working together, had managed to chop a little off their propeller shaft, and koku had done somewhat better with his task, when ned became aware of a shadow passing above him. instinctively he looked up, and as he did so he could not repress a start of horror. tom, too, as well as koku, saw the menacing shadow. ned grasped more tightly his sharp, steel bar and spoke through the telephone to his companions. "devil fish!" he said. "the devil fish are after us." chapter xxi a war reminder to a large number of people the name devil fish brings to mind a conception of an octopus, squid, cuttle fish, or a member of that species. this is, however, a mistake. the true devil fish of the tropics is a member of the sting ray family, and the common name it bears is given to it because of two prongs, or horns, which project just in front of its mouth. his satanic majesty is popularly supposed to have horns, together with a tail, hoofs and other appendages, and the horns of this sting ray fish are what give it the name it bears. the devil fish, some specimens of which grow to the weight of a ton and measure fifteen feet from wing tip to wing tip, are armed with a long tail, terminating in a tough, horny substance, like many of the ray family members. this horn-tipped tail, lashing about in the water, becomes a terrible weapon of defense. possibly it is used for offense, as the devil fish feeds on small sea animals, sweeping them into its mouth by movements of the horns mentioned. these horns, swirled about in the water, create a sort of suction current, and on that the food fishes are borne into the maw of the gigantic creature. a whale rushes through a school of small sea animals with open mouth, takes in a great quantity of water, and the fringe of whalebone acts as a strainer, letting out the water and retaining the food. in like manner the devil fish feeds, except that it has no whalebone. its "horns" help it to get a meal. the "wing tips" of the devil fish have been spoken of. they are not really wings, though when one of these fish breaks water and shoots through the air, it appears to be flying. the wings are merely fins, enormously enlarged, and these give the fish its great size, rather than does the body itself. it is the whipping spike-armed tail of the devil fish that is to be feared, aside from the fact that the rush of a monster might swamp a small boat. it was two or three of these devil fish that were now floating in the water above tom and his companions, who were grouped about the stern of the disabled submarine. "they won't attack us unless we disturb them," said tom through his telephone, speaking to ned and koku. "keep still and they'll swim away. i guess they're trying to find out what new kind of fish our boat is." all might have gone well had not koku acted precipitately. one of the devil fish, the smallest of the trio, measuring about ten feet across, swam down near the giant. it was an uncanny looking creature, with its horns swirling about in the water and its bone-tipped tail lashing to and fro like a venomous serpent. "look out!" cried tom. but he was too late. koku raised his axe and struck with all his force at the sea beast. he hit it a glancing blow, not enough to kill it, but to wound it, and immediately the sea was crimsoned with blood. the devil fish was able to observe under water better than its human enemies, and it was in no doubt as to its assailant. in an instant it attacked the giant, seeking to pierce him with the deadly tail. these tails are not only armed with a tip of horn-like hardness, they are also poisonous, and their penetrating power is great. fishermen have sometimes caught small sting rays, which are a sort of devil fish. lashing about in the bottom of a boat a sting ray can send its tail tip through the sole of a heavy boot and inflict a painful wound which may cause serious results. the beast koku had wounded was trying to sting the giant, and the latter, aware of his peril, was striking out with the axe. "look out, tom!" called ned through his telephone, as he saw one of the two unwounded devil fish swirl down toward the young inventor. tom looked up, saw the big, horrible shape above him, and jabbed it with the sharp, steel bar. he inflicted a wound which added further to the crimson tinge in the sea, and that fish now attacked tom swift. in another instant all three divers were fighting the terrible creatures, that, knowing by instinct they were in danger, were using the weapon with which nature had provided them. they lashed about with their sharp-pointed tails, and more than one blow fell on the suits of the divers. had there been the least penetration, of course almost instant death would have followed. for the sea, at that depth and pressure, entering the suits would have ended life suddenly. but tom had seen to it that the suits were well made and strong, with a lining of steel. and however great a thickness of leather the devil fish could send his sting through, it could not overcome steel. there was danger, though, that the slender tip might slip through the steel bars across the windows in the helmets and shatter the glass. and that would be as great a danger as if the suits themselves were penetrated. "we've got to fight 'em!" gasped tom through his instrument, and, seeing his chance, he gave another jab to the devil fish attacking him. koku, too, was standing up well under the attack of the monster he had first wounded. ned, watching his chance, got in several blows, first at one and then at the other of the huge creatures. the third devil fish, which had not been wounded, had disappeared. finally koku, with a desperate blow, succeeded in severing the tail from the beast attacking him, and that battle was over. as if realizing that it had lost its power to harm, the devil fish at once swam off, grievously wounded. then koku turned his attention to tom's enemy. ned, too, lent his aid, and they succeeded in wounding the creature in several places, so that it sank to the bottom of the sea and lay there gasping. slowly the red waters cleared and the three divers, exhausted by the fight, could view the remaining creature--the one wounded to death. it was the largest of the three, and truly it was a monster. but it was past the power to harm, and in a few minutes an under sea current carried it slowly away. later it would float, doubtless, or be devoured by sharks or other ocean pirates before reaching the surface. "thank goodness that's over!" said ned to tom. "i don't want to see any more of them." "there may be more about," tom said. "we'd better keep watch. ned, you lay off and koku and i will work on the propellers. then you can take your turn." this plan was followed. koku, not being tired, did not need to stop working, and he was the first to free his shaft partially of the entangling weeds. tom rapped a signal, the blades were slowly revolved and then came free. a little later the second was in like condition. "now we can move!" said tom, as they started back toward the diving chamber. "i hope we don't run into another patch of that serpent grass." "nor see any more devil fish," added ned. "same here!" echoed the young inventor. luck seemed to be with the gold-seekers after that, for as the submarine was sent ahead, no more of the long, entangling grass was encountered. the search for the sunken pandora was now begun in earnest, since they were positive that they were at the right spot. no immediate sign of her was found. but tom and his friends hardly expected to be as lucky as that. they were willing to make a search. for, as tom had said, a current might have shifted the position of the wreck. they followed the plan of moving about in ever-widening circles. only in this way could they successfully cover the ground. it was the third day after the encounter with the devil fish that tom, ned and mr. damon were in the forward observation cabin. the eccentric man suddenly pointed to something visible from the starboard window. "there's a wreck, tom!" he cried. "maybe it's the pandora!" tom and the others hurried to mr. damon's side and peered out into the sea, illuminated by the great searchlight. "that isn't the pandora!" said the young inventor. "but it's a wreck, isn't it?" asked ned. "yes, it's a sunken vessel, all right," tom assented. "but it's a reminder of the great war. look! she has been blown up by a torpedo!" chapter xxii studying currents there was no question about tom's statement. they had approached close to the side of a small, sunken and wrecked steamer, and in her side was torn a great hole. in the light from the submarine it could be seen that the plates bent inward, indicating that the explosion was from outside. "what are you going to do, tom?" asked ned, as he saw his chum move the engine room telegraph signal to the stop position. "going to investigate," was the answer. "we might as well take the time. we may learn something of value." "do you think there is any treasure in her?" asked mr. damon. "there might be," answered tom. "we'll put on the diving suits and go outside." "i hope there aren't any devil fish," remarked ned. "same here," tom agreed. "but i don't believe we'll meet with any. will you take a chance, ned?" "i surely will! i'd like to find out what sort of ship that is--or rather, was, for there isn't much left of her." he spoke truly, for indeed the torpedo had created fearful havoc. the full extent of it was not observed until tom, ned, koku and two of the crew had put on diving suits and approached the hulk. she lay on her side on the sandy bottom, heeled over somewhat, and when the investigators had walked around her, as they were able to do, they saw a second, and even larger hole in the opposite side. "two submarines must have attacked her," said ned, speaking through his telephone to tom. "either that, or else one sent a torpedo into her, dived, came up on the other side and sent another." "well, let's see if she has any treasure aboard," ned proposed. "wouldn't it be queer if we should discover two treasure ships?" "more queer than likely," tom answered. "we've got to be careful going inside her." "why?" asked ned. "do you think we'll set off a hidden mine?" "no, but part of the wreckage might be loosened if we climbed over it, and we might fall and be pinned down. i've read of divers being caught that way. we must be careful." "do you suppose a german sub did this?" ned asked. "i think very likely," tom answered. "maybe we can tell if we can discover the nationality of this craft." they made their way to a position just outside the gaping hole in the starboard side of the craft. evidently; it was, or had been, a tramp steamer, and the torpedo hole on her starboard side was about amidships. she must have filled and sunk quickly with two such great holes torn in her. standing near the wound in the steel skin, tom and his companions tried to see what was inside. their portable torches did not give light enough to make out clearly the character of the cargo carried, and it was too risky to venture into the mass of wreckage that must be the result of the explosion of the torpedo. "let's try the other side," suggested tom, and they moved around the stern of the craft. when they reached the place where the name was visible tom raised his electric torch and, in the glow of it, they all read the painted inscription, blakesly, new york. "that's the vessel that disappeared so mysteriously!" exclaimed ned, speaking through his instrument. "i remember reading about her. she sailed from new york for brest, but was never heard of. at last we have solved the mystery!" "yes," agreed tom, "but without much avail. we are too late to do any good." "not one of her crew or passengers was ever heard of," went on ned. "it was surmised that a german sub attacked her, and that she was either sunk 'without a trace' or else her survivors were taken aboard the submarine and carried to germany." "perhaps we may learn something to that end," said tom, as they got around to the other side. the hole there was not quite so big, and as it seemed safe to enter tom and ned prepared to do so, the others remaining outside to give them aid in case of necessity. it was comparatively easy to enter by this wound in the side of the blakesly, and, proceeding cautiously, tom and ned made the attempt. they found they could not penetrate far, however, because of the mass of wreckage scattered about by the explosion. they could see through into the engine room, and there the machinery was in every stage of destruction, while below the boilers were disrupted. "she must have gone down in a hurry," remarked tom. "yes, and with part of her crew," added ned, as he pointed to where a heap of white bones lay--grim reminders of the great war. the engine room forces had been trapped and carried down to death. "i wonder if, by any chance, she did carry gold," suggested ned. "it wouldn't be down here if she did," asserted tom. "and if she was a treasure ship, and the huns knew it, they wouldn't leave any on board." "that's just it," went on his chum. "they may not have known it, and have ripped a couple of torpedoes at her without any warning. it would be just like them." "granted," assented the young inventor. "well, we can take another look around outside. maybe there's a way of getting on deck, and so going below from there. i wouldn't chance it from here." "me, either," ned answered. they looked around a little more, a further view showing how dangerous it would be to attempt to enter the shattered engine room, where a misstep or a sudden change of equilibrium might cause disaster. "nothing there," tom reported to koku and the others waiting for him outside. "rope by up go him stern," said koku, motioning toward the after part of the wreck. "what does he mean?" tom asked one of his crew. "oh, he went walking around outside while you were inside, sir," was the answer, "and he seems to have found a rope ladder or a chain, or something hanging from the stern." "let's go and see it," proposed tom. "i've been wondering if we could get on deck." "are we going to spend much time here?" ned wanted to know. "not much longer," tom replied. "why?" "well, i was thinking we'd better keep on looking for the pandora. i don't want that fellow hardley to get the bulge on us." "oh," laughed tom, "he isn't likely to. but we won't take any chances. as soon as i see if we can learn anything that may be useful from this hulk, we'll go back and start on our way again." the party of divers, led by koku, who wanted to point out his discovery, walked slowly along on the bottom of the sea, around to the stern of the blakesly. "see!" said the giant through his telephone, and, as the instruments were interchanging, all heard him. koku pointed to several ropes and chains that were dangling from the stern of the sunken craft. evidently they had been used by those who sought to escape from the sinking ship after she had been torpedoed. "wait a minute!" tom telephoned, as he saw koku grasp a chain, evidently with the object of hoisting himself up on deck by the simple method of going up hand over hand. he could easily do this by adjusting the air pressure inside his diving suit to make himself more buoyant. "koku go up!" said the giant. "better make sure that chain will hold you," cautioned tom. the giant proved it by several powerful tugs, and then began to raise himself from the sandy bed of the ocean. "well, if it will hold him it will hold us," asserted tom. "ned, we'll go up. you two stay here," he said to the members of his crew. "we can't take any chances of all getting in the same accident if there should be one." a little later tom, ned, and koku stood on the deck of the sunken craft. much of what she had carried had been swept off, either in the explosions or by reason of currents generated by storms since the fatality. but what seemed to be the cabin of the captain, or of some of the officers, was in plain view and easy of access from this level. "let's take a look!" said tom. ned followed him to the door. it had been torn off, and inside was a table made fast to the floor. from the appearance of the room it was evidently the compartment where the charts were kept, and where the captain or his officers worked out the reckoning. but it was tenantless now, and if any maps or papers had been out they were dissolved in sea water some time since. "let's see if we can find the log book," proposed ned. "good idea," assented tom. using the iron bars they carried, they forced open some of the lockers, but aside from pulp, which might have been charts or almost anything in the way of documents, nothing was come upon that would tell anything. "unless the log book was kept in a water-tight case the ink would all run, once it was wet," tom said, when they were about ready to give up their search. "i suppose so," agreed ned. "but i would like to know whether she carried treasure." however, it was impossible to discover this, and dangerous to look too far into the interior. so tom and his party were forced to leave without discovering the secret of the blakesly, if she possessed one. later, however, when they had returned home, tom and ned made a report of what they had seen, and so cleared up the fate of the vessel. they learned that she carried no treasure, and they were glad they had not risked their lives looking for it. what had happened to her crew was never learned. they returned to the submarine and told what they had viewed. and then, with a last look at the wreck, they passed on in their search for the pandora. several fruitless days followed, and though a careful search was made in the vicinity of the true location given by mr. hardley, nothing was discovered. "how long will you keep at it before you give up?" asked ned one evening, as they went aloft to replenish the air tanks and charge the batteries. "oh, another week, anyhow. i have a new theory, ned." "what's that?" "ocean currents. i believe there are powerful currents in these waters, and that they may have shifted the position of the pandora considerably. i'm going to study the currents." "good idea!" cried his chum. and the next day they began observations which were destined to have surprising results. chapter xxiii an undersea collision under the warm, tropical sun the submarine floated idly on the surface of the calm sea. she had risen from the depths, her hatches had been opened, and now the crew, the owner, and his guests were breathing free air. the men were taking advantage of the period above water to wash out some of their garments, hanging them on improvised lines stretched along the deck. for tom swift had said he would remain above the surface all day. some slight repairs were necessary to the electric motors, and they could be made only when the craft was on the open sea. this, too, would afford a chance to recharge the batteries and repair one of them. for the time being the search under the sea for the treasure ship pandora had been abandoned. but it was not given up entirely. as tom had announced to ned, a new theory would be worked out. so far, cruising about in the place where the fillibuster ship was supposed to have gone down had resulted in nothing. mr. damon, who had been below, shaving, came up on deck to see tom and ned tossing into the water large pieces of cork taken from spare life preservers. tom tossed his in from one side of the deck, and ned from the other. then, as the eccentric man listened, he heard tom say: "i think mine is going to beat yours, ned!" "then you've got another guess coming," declared the young financial man. "mine's going twice as fast as yours is now, though yours did start off better." "bless my beefsteak!" exclaimed mr. damon, "what's this, tom swift? i thought we came on a treasure-hunting expedition, and here i find you and ned playing some childish game! i hope you aren't laying any wagers on it!" mr. damon did not approve of gambling in any form. "no, we aren't doing that," laughed tom, as he dropped another bit of cork into the ocean. "we are trying to arrive at some valuable scientific facts, mr. damon." "scientific facts--that childish play?" "it isn't play," said tom, turning to remark to ned: "i think we've settled it. the current has a decided twist to the north." "yes," agreed his chum. "you were right, tom." "if you don't mind explaining," began mr. damon, "i should like to know--" "we're trying to determine the drift of the ocean currents in this locality," tom said. "so we'll know better where to look for the pandora," added ned. "oh, so you haven't given up the hunt, then?" asked the eccentric man. "by no means!" exclaimed tom. "it's this way, mr. damon. we went down at as nearly the exact spot where the treasure-ship was sunk as we could determine by means of calculations. she wasn't there, nor could we find her by going around in circles. then it occurred to me, and to some of the others also, including ned, that the ocean currents might have shifted the position of the craft after she had sunk. there are powerful currents in the ocean, as you know, the gulf stream being one and the japan current another. now there may be smaller ones in these waters that would produce a local effect. "so ned and i have been dropping bits of cork of different shapes into the water and watching which way they drifted. our conclusion is that the currents here have a decided set toward the north." "and what does that indicate?" asked mr. damon. "that we should have begun our search some distance north of the point where we actually did begin," answered tom. "how far north?" the eccentric man wanted to know. "that's just what we have yet to ascertain," the young inventor replied. "so far our conclusions have been arrived at merely from surface data. now we've got to go below." "and play with bits of cork there?" asked mr. damon. "no, we'll have to use something heavier than cork," tom said. "we'll probably use weights, and see how far they move along the bottom in a given time. but we have established one thing, and i begin to have hopes now that we may locate the pandora." the remainder of the day was spent in various ways aboard the submarine, which continued to float idly on the waves. it was toward evening, when the red, setting sun gave promise of a fair day on the morrow that the submarine's deck lookout approached tom, and, waiting until he had the attention of the young inventor, reported: "there is a smudge of smoke dead astern, sir." "is there?" exclaimed tom. "let me have the glasses." he took them from the lookout and made a long and careful study of the slight, black smudge which was low down on the horizon. "a steamer," decided tom, "and coming on fast. we'll go below!" he added. "please make ready," he said to the officer in charge. "what's up, tom?" asked ned, as his chum gathered up the papers on which he had been figuring on an improvised table set under an awning on deck. "some craft is coming, and i'd just as soon she wouldn't sight us," was the answer. "you mean she might interfere with our search for the treasure-ship?" "not exactly. but she might want to start a search on her own account, and there's no use of giving our presence away, or letting them guess at what might be right conclusions as to the location of the pandora." "but, tom, no one knows of the wreck! at least, no one is supposed to but our party and--" "hardley. exactly!" exclaimed tom, as he saw his chum about to utter the name. "and you think he is coming?" "i shouldn't be a bit surprised. anyhow, it's just as easy for us to submerge and let them do their own guessing. i was going down soon, anyhow, and another hour won't make any difference. here, take a look, if you like." ned peered through the glasses, but his eyes not being trained in sea interpretation, as were tom's, he could make out nothing but a black smudge, now larger and darker. "it might be a cloud for all i can tell," he said, as he handed the binoculars back to tom. "well, it's a steamer all right, and she's under forced draft, too, if i'm any judge. we'll go below before she sights us." "perhaps she has already," suggested ned, as the crew began clearing the submarine's deck. "no, we lie too low in the water for that. well, now we can start our underwater observations of current trends." it did not take long, once she started, for the m. n. to go down. just as the sun sank below the horizon, and while the smudge of smoke was becoming more distinct, the waves closed over the steel deck of the submarine. half an hour later she was nearly a quarter of a mile below the surface, resting on the bottom of the sea again. on this trip tom did not go to any such depths as he did on his former voyage in the advance. not that the reconstructed submarine was not capable of it, for she was even stronger than when first built. but the wreck they were seeking did not lie in so great a depth of water, and there was no need of running useless risks. "well," remarked ned, when they came to a stop, "i don't believe any one will find us here." "not an ordinary diver, at any rate," tom agreed. "and after supper i'm going to have another go at the currents." the meal was served as usual, and a very good one it was, considering the fact that not as many supplies could be carried in the rather limited space of a submarine as may be transported in an ocean liner. then, as it was still early, tom and ned, with the help of some of the officers, got ready for a new series of experiments. the big searchlight was set aglow, and, going out on the ocean bed in diving suits, tom and his friends dropped on the sand various weighted objects. these were made in the shape of the hull of a steamer, and in proportion. once they were on the sand, an iron rod was thrust into the ocean bed near each object. "now," remarked tom, as they all went into the submarine again, "we'll let them drift until morning. then we'll make new calculations. i think we'll arrive at some results, too." "just what are you aiming to do?" asked mr. damon. "see how far each one of those weighted objects drifts," tom replied. "we have planted them in different spots on the ocean bed. some will drift farther than others. some are large and some are small. by striking an average we may be able to tell about how far from the supposed location of the pandora we ought to look for her." the night passed without incident and as calmly and peacefully as though they were all in some deep cave beneath a great mountain. in the morning after breakfast tom and his friends went outside the submarine again and noted the weighted objects. some had drifted farther than others. measurements were carefully taken, and then began a series of intricate calculations. the distance each object had drifted from the iron bar marker was considered in reference to its size and shape. also the elapsed time was computed. the results were then compared, an average struck, and then the size and weight of the pandora, as nearly as they could be ascertained, were figured. the resultant figures were compared, and tom announced: "if we are anywhere near right in our conclusions we ought to begin to search for the treasure-ship about four miles from here, in a general northerly direction." "do you think she has drifted that far?" asked ned. "fully that," tom answered. "that is only our starting point--the center of a new series of circles." a moment later tom gave the order to rise to the surface. "going up?" exclaimed ned. "yes, i want to make some observations to determine our exact nautical position." "but suppose that other steam--" "we'll have to take a chance. we can submerge quickly if we have to, and i don't believe she's able to do that." an observation was taken through the conning tower, however, before the m. n. went all the way up, and there was not a sail nor a smudge of smoke on the horizon. "so far so good," murmured tom. "now we'll 'shoot the sun,' and after we submerge we'll begin our search in earnest. i think we are on the right track now." the observation was made at noon, and then, as nearly as possible, the submarine was moved to a position approximately four miles north of the place where the pandora was supposed to have foundered. "down we go!" exclaimed tom, and down they went. the depth gauge showed more than a thousand feet below the surface when the m. n. came to rest. this was deeper than tom had thought to find the wreck, but his craft was able to withstand the pressure. a brief wait, to make sure that everything was in readiness, was followed by the beginning of the new search. in gradually widening circles the craft moved about under water. if the voyagers had expected to locate at once the treasure-ship, they would have been disappointed. for the first day gave no signs. but tom had not promised immediate results, and no one gave up hope. it was shortly after noon on the second day of the search at the new location that, as they were proceeding at rather greater speed than usual, something happened. ned had just suggested that he and tom might go out and try the current-setting experiments again, when suddenly they were both thrown off their feet by a terrific jar and concussion. the m. n. seemed to reel back, as if from a great blow. "bless my safety razor!" cried mr. damon, "what's the matter, tom?" "i think we've had a collision!" was the answer. "i must see how badly we are damaged!" chapter xxiv the treasure-ship sudden and forceful had been the underwater collision in which the m. n. had participated. either the lookout, aided though he was by the focused rays of the great searchlight, had failed to notice some obstruction in time to signal to avoid it, or there was an error somewhere else. at any rate the submarine had rammed something--what it was remained to be discovered. "bless my shotgun," cried mr. damon, "perhaps it was one of those big whales, ned!" "it didn't feel like a whale," answered the young financial man. "and it wasn't!" declared tom, who was hastening to the engine room. "it was too solid for that." following the collision there had been considerable confusion aboard the vessel. but discipline prevailed, and now it was necessary to determine the extent of the damage. this, tom and his officers and crew proceeded to do. there were automatic devices in the various control cabins, as well as in the main engine room, which told instantly if a leak had been sprung in any part of the craft. in that serious difficulty automatic pumps, controlled by an electrical device, at once began forcing out the water. other apparatus rushed a supply of compressed air to the flooded compartment in order to hold out the water if possible. for further security the submarine was divided into different compartments, as are most ships in these days. the puncturing or flooding of one did not necessarily mean the foundering of the craft, or, in the case of a submarine, prevent her rising. but tom had sensed that the collision was almost a head-on one, and in that case it was likely that the plates might have started in several sections at once. this he wanted to discover, and take means of safety accordingly. "how do you make it, mr. nelson?" cried the young inventor to the captain in the engine room. "only a slight leak in compartment b ," he answered, as tom's eyes rapidly scanned the tell-tale gauges. "the pumps and air are taking care of that." "good!" cried tom. "it doesn't seem possible that there isn't more than that, though. we struck a terrible blow." "yes, but a glancing one, i think, sir." "send for the lookout," ordered tom. "i can't understand why he didn't see whatever we've hit in time to avoid it." the lookout came in, very much frightened, it must be admitted. only by a narrow margin had all escaped death. "it was impossible to see it, mr. swift," he said. "we had a clear course, not a thing in sight. the bottom was white sand, and i could almost count the fishes. all at once there was a big swirl of water that threw our nose around, and before i could signal to slow down or reverse we were right into her." "into what?" asked tom. "some sort of wreck, i took it to be. i shoved the wheel hard over as quickly as i could, and we struck only a glancing blow." "that's good," murmured tom. "i thought that must have been the explanation. but what's that about a sudden swirl of water?" "it seemed to me like a change in the current," the lookout answered. "it threw us right over against the wreck." "i can very easily imagine something like that happening," admitted tom. "well, as long as we're not badly damaged i think we'll go outside and take a look. if we hit a wreck--" "bless my looking glass!" cried mr. damon, "it may be the pandora, tom." "that's too good to be true!" cried ned. "anyhow, let's get out and take a look." tom first made sure that the slight leak was not likely to increase, and then arrangements were made for himself, ned, koku, and some of the others to go outside in the diving suits. mr. damon wanted to be of the party, but tom was afraid to permit him in that depth of water. mr. damon, in spite of his jollity, was not as young as he had been. shortly after the collision, which had missed being a disaster by a narrow margin, tom and his companions were outside the submarine, walking on the white, sandy bottom of the sea. around them was a myriad of fishes, some of large size, but seemingly harmless, as they scudded rapidly away after a glance at the strange creatures who appeared to have come to dispute with them for possession of father neptune's element. moving more slowly than usual, because of the greater pressure of water at that depth, tom and the others made their way around the nose of the submarine. and then, in the glow of the big searchlight, they saw the dim outlines of a steamer, partly imbedded in the sand. her stern was toward the undersea craft that had rammed her, and the name was not so obliterated but what the young inventor could read it. "the pandora!" exclaimed tom, speaking into his helmet telephone transmitter, the others all hearing him. "we've found the treasure-ship at last!" and so they had. an accident had brought them to the end of their quest, though it is probable they would have found the pandora anyhow, since they were making careful circles in her vicinity. "yes, that's the pandora," said ned. "and now the thing to do is to find out if she really has any treasure on board." "that's what i'm going to do," declared tom. "but first i want to investigate this queer current. we can't feel it here, but we may if we get out beyond the wreck. we don't want to be swept off our feet." "yes, we had better be careful," said one of the officers. accordingly they proceeded with caution along the length of the sunken pandora. and as they neared her bow they all began to feel some powerful force in the current. "this is far enough!" said tom. "don't get out beyond the protection of the hull. i see what it is. the steamer has drifted here from where she was originally sunk. and here two currents meet, forming a very strong one. it was that which threw us off our course. as long as we remain behind the wreck we'll be safe. but beyond her we may be in danger. she's firmly held in the sand, or, at best, is drifting only slightly. she'll be a sort of undersea breakwater for us. and now to see if we can get on board!" this proved comparatively easy. several lengths of chain and one iron ladder were over the stern, evidently having been used when the crew abandoned the ship in the storm that destroyed her. by means of these tom and his companions gained the main deck near the stern. the pandora was a typical tramp steamer. she was high in the bows and stern and low amidships, and it was evident that the quarters of the officers and passengers, if any of the latter were carried, were in the stern. tom was glad to find the vessel thus comparatively easy of access. she lay on an almost even keel, and all he and his companions had to do was to walk along the deck and enter the cabins. as they did not have to look out for life lines or air hose they could enter, and even go below decks, in comparative safety. "well, here's for it," said tom to the others. "let's go in. "where would the treasure be, if she had any?" asked ned. "captain's cabin or the purser's strong room, i imagine," tom answered. "hardley didn't actually see it, but he said those two places were constantly guarded. i'm inclined to think the purser would have charge of the gold. but we'll try both places." it was easy to learn which had been the commander's cabin. it had the name "captain" on a brass plate over the door. tom and ned entered. the place was in confusion, and confusion not all caused by the ocean currents. a small safe in the room stood with rusted door open, and the contents of the strong box were gone. drawers and lockers, too, were opened and empty. "i guess the captain took as much with him as he could when he got into his boat," commented tom. "and the gold, too," added ned, pointing to the empty safe. "that wouldn't have held two million dollars in gold," tom retorted. "i believe the purser's cabin is the place to look." making sure they were not missing anything in the captain's room, they came out, to find koku and the others waiting for them on deck. "nothing there," tom reported. "did any of you locate the purser's strong room?" one of the men pointed to an open door to the left. "that's it!" exclaimed tom. "yes, and there's a safe here big enough to hold gold for all the revolutions in south america," he added. "i guess we're on the right track at last." it needed but a look to show them that they had at last reached the place of the treasure. the great safe stood open, and piled inside were a number of small boxes, such as are generally used to ship gold in. ned, from his bank experience, recognized them at once. "there's the gold!" he exclaimed. "we've found the treasure!" "they tried to take some of it with them," said one of the submarine officers, pointing to some opened boxes which were floating near the cabin ceiling. they were caught on some projections which had prevented them from being washed out. "maybe they looted the whole safe," suggested tom. "we'd better have a look." he tried to pull out one of the many boxes set in tiers in the safe, but it was beyond his strength. "me do!" murmured koku. it was easy for the giant to pry out one of the boxes with his iron bar, and with another blow from his bar he opened the cover. "gold!" cried ned, as he saw a gleam of yellow showing in the glow from his torch. "there's the gold!" there was a table in the purser's cabin, made fast to the floor so it had not floated away. at a sign from tom, the giant turned the box bottom side up on this table. and then a murmur of wonder came from all who saw the result. for aside from the top layer of gold pieces, the box was filled with iron disks cut to the size of twenty-dollar gold pieces. in an instant it was borne to all what this meant. "a fake!" exclaimed tom swift. "if all the boxes are like this there isn't enough gold on the treasure ship to pay the expenses of this trip! somebody has been fooled! open another box, koku!" chapter xxv the steel box perhaps the least of all affected by what had taken place was the giant. gold meant nothing to him. to serve tom swift was his whole aim in life. born in a savage country, he had not acquired an overwhelming desire for wealth. consequently he was cool enough as he tore another box from the many that were fitted into the safe. the water had swelled the wood, and it was not easy to get them out. a pressure of the giant's iron bar broke the sealed lid. on top was the same layer of gold pieces, but when the box was emptied the same trick was discovered. iron disks made up the remainder of the contents. "bilked! that's what i call it! regularly bilked!" exclaimed one of the divers, an englishman who had been in tom's service several years. "somebody's got the cream of this pudding before we did!" "i'm inclined to agree with you," said tom. "unless it transpires that not all the boxes have been thus camouflaged. we must take time to examine." then began a period of hard work. laboring in relays of divers, every box that had been locked in the purser's safe was brought out on the submerged cabin table, broken open, and the contents examined. the hoax was even worse than indicated at first. for after the front section of boxes had been taken out none of the others remaining contained any gold at all. there were only iron disks. "well, tom, what do you think of it?" asked ned of his chum, when they had returned to the cabin of the submarine, leaving some members of the crew to complete the examination. for this the diving bell was used, as well as the suits. "i don't think very much," was the answer. "it looks as though we had been sold." "do you think hardley knew that the gold had been changed to iron--that is, all but a small part of it?" "no, i don't believe he did," tom answered. "if he were here i'd warrant he would be as much surprised as we are. he certainly believed the pandora was a regular treasure-ship." "just how much did she really have in gold?" asked mr. damon, looking at the double eagles on the table of the m. n. . "well, at a rough guess i'd say ten thousand dollars," tom answered. "we haven't brought it all out yet, and it's possible they may find a full box in the safe. but, unless there is one, i guess ten or fifteen thousand dollars will cover it." "and hardley said two millions!" exclaimed ned. "whew, what a difference!" "do you think he was in on the change?" asked one of the officers. "no," replied tom. "i guess it was like a good many of these filibustering plots. somebody put up good money to be used to gain control of a country--perhaps for the country's good. but somebody else made the substitution, and the patriots were left. i don't believe hardley knew this." "well, you'll get a little out of it, tom," ned remarked. "nothing worth while," was the answer. "but i'm not disappointed; that is, very much. of course i could use the money, but i don't really need it. the trip has been a wonderful experience, and i have learned something i didn't know before. i'm sorry for you, though, mr. damon. you invested considerable with hardley, didn't you?" "about twenty thousand dollars, tom. it will be hard to lose it, but i guess i can stand it." tom privately made up his mind to see that his old friend did not suffer financially, for the gold discovered on the pandora, while it was far from the amount hoped for, would almost reimburse mr. damon. but the young inventor did not say anything about that just then. they were looking at the recovered gold and getting ready to store it in some of the boxes that had been brought from the wreck when the divers that had remained on the pandora to bring the last of the treasure returned through the chamber. two of them carried a small steel box. "what's that?" asked tom, when they had their helmets off. "don't know," was the answer. "it was in the purser's safe. stuck away in the far corner." "maybe it has jewels in it!" exclaimed ned. "if it has--" at that moment the lookout who had maintained his position in the conning tower called for tom on the telephone. "what is it?" asked the young inventor. "there's some sort of grappling iron, or cable with a hook on it, being lowered from the surface, and it's near the wreck," was the answer. "if it isn't any of your apparatus it may be some other ship having a try for the gold." "it must be hardley!" cried tom. "he's come back with another ship, as he half threatened to do, and, instead of diving for the wreck, which he can't get ordinary men to do in this depth, he's trying to grapple for it. come on, we'll have a look!" ned and mr. damon followed tom to the conning tower. looking out through the heavy glass windows, while the searchlight illuminated the waters, the young inventor and his friends saw a great grappling iron swaying this way and that through the sea not far from the wreck, and once, indeed, uncomfortably close to their own craft. "he's struck it uncommonly near," remarked tom. "i guess it's time for us to be leaving." "suppose it's hardley up above there?" suggested ned. "i don't doubt but it is." "well, are we going off and leave the wreck--and possibly other gold that may be hidden on her?" "i wouldn't give ten dollars for the chance of searching for any more gold!" tom exclaimed. "we'll take this steel box--it may contain something of value. the rest we'll leave to hardley." preparations for rising to the surface were quickly made. up and up went the m. n. , leaving the ill-starred pandora to whatever else fate had in store for her. tom's craft broke water with gentle undulations of the waves. the top of the hatch was thrown back, admitting the bright sunshine on those who had been long in the shadow of the underseas. and, as the young inventor and his friends went out on deck, they saw a small steamer riding on the ocean not far away. one look was enough to tell them it was from this craft that the grappling iron had been let down, and as the submarine drifted nearer the form of hardley was seen on deck. he was directing operations. some one must have called his attention to the m. n. , for he hurried to the rail of the craft which he had evidently chartered to seek the pandora, and he exclaimed: "what are you doing here, swift?" "the same thing you are, i believe," coolly answered tom. "cleaning up the treasure ship. you might as well save your money though, for we have all the gold there is!" "impossible!" cried the now irate man. "you cannot have found the pandora!" "that's just what we did, though," answered tom. "and, for your information, i'll say that we took all the gold we found, though it was considerably less than you stated." "how dare you?" stormed the adventurer. "i'll have the law on you for this!" "i guess you forget," replied tom, "that we parted company at your request and that i told you i was on my own. finding is keeping. i didn't find what i expected to, and, on the other hand, i got something i didn't look for." "what do you mean?" "the pandora was rightly named," went on tom. "if you recall the old story, pandora had a box of treasures. they all flew out except hope, which remained in the bottom. well, most of the gold seems to have flown away, but we found a box on the pandora. what's in it i don't know yet, as i haven't opened it. still, if it doesn't contain more than hope i shall be disappointed." the face of hardley showed the rage felt. "give me that box! give me that box!" he cried, shaking his fist at tom. "not today," was the cool answer of the young inventor. "i may let you know what i find in it if you leave your address. goodbye!" tom waved his hand, gave orders to close the hatches and submerge the m. n. , and a few moments later the sea closed over her, leaving the other vessel to grapple uselessly for the treasure-ship. "what are you going to do, tom?" asked ned of his chum, as they were all gathered in the main cabin half an hour later. "head for home as soon as we can. i've had enough of this, and i want to get at something else i have in mind. but first i'm going to see what's in this box." it required the strength of koku to open the small steel box, but when it was torn apart, for the combination was impossible to guess at, all that was seen were bundles of papers. the case having been hermetically closed, no water had penetrated it, though it had been submerged a long time. "what are they?" asked ned of his chum. tom did not answer for a moment. then having quickly examined the papers, he cried: "we've struck it!" "what?" they all wanted to know. "the very thing hardley was after. these are the missing papers in the oil-well deal--the papers that prove barton keith has a half share in property worth many millions of dollars. it was these papers that hardley was after. he may have thought he could get the gold, too, but he wanted most these oil shares. boys, we've found the fortune anyhow, in spite of the fellows who looted the gold boxes!" there was no doubt about it. there were all the papers--the certificates of shares, the partnership agreement and other documents--to show that mary's uncle was a rich man. the wreck of the pandora held a fortune after all. "how do you account for hardley's acts?" asked ned of his chum. "well, there are several explanations. i think we may be certain that he knew these papers were aboard the pandora, for he must have intrusted them to the purser himself when he made a trip on the ship. when she sank he had not time to get them to take with him." "he either knew then, or found out later, that the vessel carried, or was supposed to carry, a large amount of gold. he may have been honestly mistaken in thinking it was two millions. in any case he was playing safe, for he only promised me half if the treasure was found. he could have claimed this box as his property, and that is probably what he was after from the beginning. he was using me as a cat's paw, so to speak." "well, you beat him to it," observed ned. "bless my necktie, i should say so!" agreed mr. damon. "do you think he really expected to find the gold?" "either that or the papers," was tom's answer. "he must have engaged the vessel and the grappling apparatus, and, possibly, a diver, after we set him ashore at st. thomas. well, we'll leave him to his own fun." the m. n. made good time back to her home port, nothing except a terrific storm occurring to mark the voyage. and as she submerged when that was on she did not feel it. after greeting his father, tom lost little time in going to mary's house with the box of securities and other papers. "i want you to hand these to your uncle with my compliments," he said. "i've got the air scout out in the meadow. we'll go over in that. how is mr. keith?" "not very well," mary answered, after she had got over her surprise at seeing tom. "but this good news will restore him, i think." and it certainly was a great tonic. mr. keith could hardly believe the story that mary and tom jointly told him. but at length he grasped the idea that he was a wealthy man again, and he exclaimed: "tom swift, i'm going to share half with you!" "oh, no," retorted the young inventor. "i couldn't think of that. if you want to pay part of the expenses of the trip i shan't object to that, as i intend giving the gold i recovered to mr. damon. but as for taking any of the oil shares--" "then, mary, you shall take half!" exclaimed mr. keith. "i have more money now than i'll ever spend. mary, half of it is yours, and if you don't let tom swift have a say in the spending of it-- say, mary, have you thanked him yet?" he asked with a twinkle of his eyes. "well, uncle barton, i--i don't know--" "then do it now!" cried her uncle. "tom, if you could have any reward you wanted, what would it be?" tom took mary in his arms and--but i refuse to betray any secrets. anyhow, some time later when ned asked his chum if he felt entirely satisfied with the result of his undersea search, the young inventor replied: "i certainly do!" tom admitted to his father that a mistake had been made in not installing the gyroscope rudder. there was no excuse for not taking it. tom declared, as it was small and took up little room, and it might have saved them from what was a close call at one time. "i'll take it on my next submarine trip," the young inventor promised. ned wanted to bring suit against hardley to recover half the expenses of the trip, but tom would not consent to it. after all, the value of the oil well property was more than the gold the pandora was reputed to have carried. no attempt was made to take from tom the comparatively small amount he had salvaged. perhaps whoever had put it on board did not want to admit the trick that had been played in filling the boxes with iron disks. dixwell hardley made no further trouble. he could not, for he was so entirely in the wrong. he sold out his shares in the oil property, and a company took possession which gave fair treatment to mary's uncle. and this is the end of the story. but the future holds further adventures for tom swift which, let it be hoped, he will see fit to order recorded. this etext was done by a number of anonymous volunteers of the gutenberg project, to whom we owe a great deal of thanks and to whom we dedicate this book. twenty thousand leagues under the sea by jules verne part one chapter i a shifting reef the year was signalised by a remarkable incident, a mysterious and puzzling phenomenon, which doubtless no one has yet forgotten. not to mention rumours which agitated the maritime population and excited the public mind, even in the interior of continents, seafaring men were particularly excited. merchants, common sailors, captains of vessels, skippers, both of europe and america, naval officers of all countries, and the governments of several states on the two continents, were deeply interested in the matter. for some time past vessels had been met by "an enormous thing," a long object, spindle-shaped, occasionally phosphorescent, and infinitely larger and more rapid in its movements than a whale. the facts relating to this apparition (entered in various log-books) agreed in most respects as to the shape of the object or creature in question, the untiring rapidity of its movements, its surprising power of locomotion, and the peculiar life with which it seemed endowed. if it was a whale, it surpassed in size all those hitherto classified in science. taking into consideration the mean of observations made at divers times--rejecting the timid estimate of those who assigned to this object a length of two hundred feet, equally with the exaggerated opinions which set it down as a mile in width and three in length--we might fairly conclude that this mysterious being surpassed greatly all dimensions admitted by the learned ones of the day, if it existed at all. and that it did exist was an undeniable fact; and, with that tendency which disposes the human mind in favour of the marvellous, we can understand the excitement produced in the entire world by this supernatural apparition. as to classing it in the list of fables, the idea was out of the question. on the th of july, , the steamer governor higginson, of the calcutta and burnach steam navigation company, had met this moving mass five miles off the east coast of australia. captain baker thought at first that he was in the presence of an unknown sandbank; he even prepared to determine its exact position when two columns of water, projected by the mysterious object, shot with a hissing noise a hundred and fifty feet up into the air. now, unless the sandbank had been submitted to the intermittent eruption of a geyser, the governor higginson had to do neither more nor less than with an aquatic mammal, unknown till then, which threw up from its blow-holes columns of water mixed with air and vapour. similar facts were observed on the rd of july in the same year, in the pacific ocean, by the columbus, of the west india and pacific steam navigation company. but this extraordinary creature could transport itself from one place to another with surprising velocity; as, in an interval of three days, the governor higginson and the columbus had observed it at two different points of the chart, separated by a distance of more than seven hundred nautical leagues. fifteen days later, two thousand miles farther off, the helvetia, of the compagnie-nationale, and the shannon, of the royal mail steamship company, sailing to windward in that portion of the atlantic lying between the united states and europe, respectively signalled the monster to each other in ° ' n. lat. and ° ' w. long. in these simultaneous observations they thought themselves justified in estimating the minimum length of the mammal at more than three hundred and fifty feet, as the shannon and helvetia were of smaller dimensions than it, though they measured three hundred feet over all. now the largest whales, those which frequent those parts of the sea round the aleutian, kulammak, and umgullich islands, have never exceeded the length of sixty yards, if they attain that. in every place of great resort the monster was the fashion. they sang of it in the cafes, ridiculed it in the papers, and represented it on the stage. all kinds of stories were circulated regarding it. there appeared in the papers caricatures of every gigantic and imaginary creature, from the white whale, the terrible "moby dick" of sub-arctic regions, to the immense kraken, whose tentacles could entangle a ship of five hundred tons and hurry it into the abyss of the ocean. the legends of ancient times were even revived. then burst forth the unending argument between the believers and the unbelievers in the societies of the wise and the scientific journals. "the question of the monster" inflamed all minds. editors of scientific journals, quarrelling with believers in the supernatural, spilled seas of ink during this memorable campaign, some even drawing blood; for from the sea-serpent they came to direct personalities. during the first months of the year the question seemed buried, never to revive, when new facts were brought before the public. it was then no longer a scientific problem to be solved, but a real danger seriously to be avoided. the question took quite another shape. the monster became a small island, a rock, a reef, but a reef of indefinite and shifting proportions. on the th of march, , the moravian, of the montreal ocean company, finding herself during the night in ° ' lat. and ° ' long., struck on her starboard quarter a rock, marked in no chart for that part of the sea. under the combined efforts of the wind and its four hundred horse power, it was going at the rate of thirteen knots. had it not been for the superior strength of the hull of the moravian, she would have been broken by the shock and gone down with the passengers she was bringing home from canada. the accident happened about five o'clock in the morning, as the day was breaking. the officers of the quarter-deck hurried to the after-part of the vessel. they examined the sea with the most careful attention. they saw nothing but a strong eddy about three cables' length distant, as if the surface had been violently agitated. the bearings of the place were taken exactly, and the moravian continued its route without apparent damage. had it struck on a submerged rock, or on an enormous wreck? they could not tell; but, on examination of the ship's bottom when undergoing repairs, it was found that part of her keel was broken. this fact, so grave in itself, might perhaps have been forgotten like many others if, three weeks after, it had not been re-enacted under similar circumstances. but, thanks to the nationality of the victim of the shock, thanks to the reputation of the company to which the vessel belonged, the circumstance became extensively circulated. the th of april, , the sea being beautiful, the breeze favourable, the scotia, of the cunard company's line, found herself in ° ' long. and ° ' lat. she was going at the speed of thirteen knots and a half. at seventeen minutes past four in the afternoon, whilst the passengers were assembled at lunch in the great saloon, a slight shock was felt on the hull of the scotia, on her quarter, a little aft of the port-paddle. the scotia had not struck, but she had been struck, and seemingly by something rather sharp and penetrating than blunt. the shock had been so slight that no one had been alarmed, had it not been for the shouts of the carpenter's watch, who rushed on to the bridge, exclaiming, "we are sinking! we are sinking!" at first the passengers were much frightened, but captain anderson hastened to reassure them. the danger could not be imminent. the scotia, divided into seven compartments by strong partitions, could brave with impunity any leak. captain anderson went down immediately into the hold. he found that the sea was pouring into the fifth compartment; and the rapidity of the influx proved that the force of the water was considerable. fortunately this compartment did not hold the boilers, or the fires would have been immediately extinguished. captain anderson ordered the engines to be stopped at once, and one of the men went down to ascertain the extent of the injury. some minutes afterwards they discovered the existence of a large hole, two yards in diameter, in the ship's bottom. such a leak could not be stopped; and the scotia, her paddles half submerged, was obliged to continue her course. she was then three hundred miles from cape clear, and, after three days' delay, which caused great uneasiness in liverpool, she entered the basin of the company. the engineers visited the scotia, which was put in dry dock. they could scarcely believe it possible; at two yards and a half below water-mark was a regular rent, in the form of an isosceles triangle. the broken place in the iron plates was so perfectly defined that it could not have been more neatly done by a punch. it was clear, then, that the instrument producing the perforation was not of a common stamp and, after having been driven with prodigious strength, and piercing an iron plate / inches thick, had withdrawn itself by a backward motion. such was the last fact, which resulted in exciting once more the torrent of public opinion. from this moment all unlucky casualties which could not be otherwise accounted for were put down to the monster. upon this imaginary creature rested the responsibility of all these shipwrecks, which unfortunately were considerable; for of three thousand ships whose loss was annually recorded at lloyd's, the number of sailing and steam-ships supposed to be totally lost, from the absence of all news, amounted to not less than two hundred! now, it was the "monster" who, justly or unjustly, was accused of their disappearance, and, thanks to it, communication between the different continents became more and more dangerous. the public demanded sharply that the seas should at any price be relieved from this formidable cetacean.[ ] [ ] member of the whale family. chapter ii pro and con at the period when these events took place, i had just returned from a scientific research in the disagreeable territory of nebraska, in the united states. in virtue of my office as assistant professor in the museum of natural history in paris, the french government had attached me to that expedition. after six months in nebraska, i arrived in new york towards the end of march, laden with a precious collection. my departure for france was fixed for the first days in may. meanwhile i was occupying myself in classifying my mineralogical, botanical, and zoological riches, when the accident happened to the scotia. i was perfectly up in the subject which was the question of the day. how could i be otherwise? i had read and reread all the american and european papers without being any nearer a conclusion. this mystery puzzled me. under the impossibility of forming an opinion, i jumped from one extreme to the other. that there really was something could not be doubted, and the incredulous were invited to put their finger on the wound of the scotia. on my arrival at new york the question was at its height. the theory of the floating island, and the unapproachable sandbank, supported by minds little competent to form a judgment, was abandoned. and, indeed, unless this shoal had a machine in its stomach, how could it change its position with such astonishing rapidity? from the same cause, the idea of a floating hull of an enormous wreck was given up. there remained, then, only two possible solutions of the question, which created two distinct parties: on one side, those who were for a monster of colossal strength; on the other, those who were for a submarine vessel of enormous motive power. but this last theory, plausible as it was, could not stand against inquiries made in both worlds. that a private gentleman should have such a machine at his command was not likely. where, when, and how was it built? and how could its construction have been kept secret? certainly a government might possess such a destructive machine. and in these disastrous times, when the ingenuity of man has multiplied the power of weapons of war, it was possible that, without the knowledge of others, a state might try to work such a formidable engine. but the idea of a war machine fell before the declaration of governments. as public interest was in question, and transatlantic communications suffered, their veracity could not be doubted. but how admit that the construction of this submarine boat had escaped the public eye? for a private gentleman to keep the secret under such circumstances would be very difficult, and for a state whose every act is persistently watched by powerful rivals, certainly impossible. upon my arrival in new york several persons did me the honour of consulting me on the phenomenon in question. i had published in france a work in quarto, in two volumes, entitled mysteries of the great submarine grounds. this book, highly approved of in the learned world, gained for me a special reputation in this rather obscure branch of natural history. my advice was asked. as long as i could deny the reality of the fact, i confined myself to a decided negative. but soon, finding myself driven into a corner, i was obliged to explain myself point by point. i discussed the question in all its forms, politically and scientifically; and i give here an extract from a carefully-studied article which i published in the number of the th of april. it ran as follows: "after examining one by one the different theories, rejecting all other suggestions, it becomes necessary to admit the existence of a marine animal of enormous power. "the great depths of the ocean are entirely unknown to us. soundings cannot reach them. what passes in those remote depths--what beings live, or can live, twelve or fifteen miles beneath the surface of the waters--what is the organisation of these animals, we can scarcely conjecture. however, the solution of the problem submitted to me may modify the form of the dilemma. either we do know all the varieties of beings which people our planet, or we do not. if we do not know them all--if nature has still secrets in the deeps for us, nothing is more conformable to reason than to admit the existence of fishes, or cetaceans of other kinds, or even of new species, of an organisation formed to inhabit the strata inaccessible to soundings, and which an accident of some sort has brought at long intervals to the upper level of the ocean. "if, on the contrary, we do know all living kinds, we must necessarily seek for the animal in question amongst those marine beings already classed; and, in that case, i should be disposed to admit the existence of a gigantic narwhal. "the common narwhal, or unicorn of the sea, often attains a length of sixty feet. increase its size fivefold or tenfold, give it strength proportionate to its size, lengthen its destructive weapons, and you obtain the animal required. it will have the proportions determined by the officers of the shannon, the instrument required by the perforation of the scotia, and the power necessary to pierce the hull of the steamer. "indeed, the narwhal is armed with a sort of ivory sword, a halberd, according to the expression of certain naturalists. the principal tusk has the hardness of steel. some of these tusks have been found buried in the bodies of whales, which the unicorn always attacks with success. others have been drawn out, not without trouble, from the bottoms of ships, which they had pierced through and through, as a gimlet pierces a barrel. the museum of the faculty of medicine of paris possesses one of these defensive weapons, two yards and a quarter in length, and fifteen inches in diameter at the base. "very well! suppose this weapon to be six times stronger and the animal ten times more powerful; launch it at the rate of twenty miles an hour, and you obtain a shock capable of producing the catastrophe required. until further information, therefore, i shall maintain it to be a sea-unicorn of colossal dimensions, armed not with a halberd, but with a real spur, as the armoured frigates, or the `rams' of war, whose massiveness and motive power it would possess at the same time. thus may this puzzling phenomenon be explained, unless there be something over and above all that one has ever conjectured, seen, perceived, or experienced; which is just within the bounds of possibility." these last words were cowardly on my part; but, up to a certain point, i wished to shelter my dignity as professor, and not give too much cause for laughter to the americans, who laugh well when they do laugh. i reserved for myself a way of escape. in effect, however, i admitted the existence of the "monster." my article was warmly discussed, which procured it a high reputation. it rallied round it a certain number of partisans. the solution it proposed gave, at least, full liberty to the imagination. the human mind delights in grand conceptions of supernatural beings. and the sea is precisely their best vehicle, the only medium through which these giants (against which terrestrial animals, such as elephants or rhinoceroses, are as nothing) can be produced or developed. the industrial and commercial papers treated the question chiefly from this point of view. the shipping and mercantile gazette, the lloyd's list, the packet-boat, and the maritime and colonial review, all papers devoted to insurance companies which threatened to raise their rates of premium, were unanimous on this point. public opinion had been pronounced. the united states were the first in the field; and in new york they made preparations for an expedition destined to pursue this narwhal. a frigate of great speed, the abraham lincoln, was put in commission as soon as possible. the arsenals were opened to commander farragut, who hastened the arming of his frigate; but, as it always happens, the moment it was decided to pursue the monster, the monster did not appear. for two months no one heard it spoken of. no ship met with it. it seemed as if this unicorn knew of the plots weaving around it. it had been so much talked of, even through the atlantic cable, that jesters pretended that this slender fly had stopped a telegram on its passage and was making the most of it. so when the frigate had been armed for a long campaign, and provided with formidable fishing apparatus, no one could tell what course to pursue. impatience grew apace, when, on the nd of july, they learned that a steamer of the line of san francisco, from california to shanghai, had seen the animal three weeks before in the north pacific ocean. the excitement caused by this news was extreme. the ship was revictualled and well stocked with coal. three hours before the abraham lincoln left brooklyn pier, i received a letter worded as follows: to m. aronnax, professor in the museum of paris, fifth avenue hotel, new york. sir,--if you will consent to join the abraham lincoln in this expedition, the government of the united states will with pleasure see france represented in the enterprise. commander farragut has a cabin at your disposal. very cordially yours, j.b. hobson, secretary of marine. chapter iii i form my resolution three seconds before the arrival of j. b. hobson's letter i no more thought of pursuing the unicorn than of attempting the passage of the north sea. three seconds after reading the letter of the honourable secretary of marine, i felt that my true vocation, the sole end of my life, was to chase this disturbing monster and purge it from the world. but i had just returned from a fatiguing journey, weary and longing for repose. i aspired to nothing more than again seeing my country, my friends, my little lodging by the jardin des plantes, my dear and precious collections--but nothing could keep me back! i forgot all--fatigue, friends and collections--and accepted without hesitation the offer of the american government. "besides," thought i, "all roads lead back to europe; and the unicorn may be amiable enough to hurry me towards the coast of france. this worthy animal may allow itself to be caught in the seas of europe (for my particular benefit), and i will not bring back less than half a yard of his ivory halberd to the museum of natural history." but in the meanwhile i must seek this narwhal in the north pacific ocean, which, to return to france, was taking the road to the antipodes. "conseil," i called in an impatient voice. conseil was my servant, a true, devoted flemish boy, who had accompanied me in all my travels. i liked him, and he returned the liking well. he was quiet by nature, regular from principle, zealous from habit, evincing little disturbance at the different surprises of life, very quick with his hands, and apt at any service required of him; and, despite his name, never giving advice--even when asked for it. conseil had followed me for the last ten years wherever science led. never once did he complain of the length or fatigue of a journey, never make an objection to pack his portmanteau for whatever country it might be, or however far away, whether china or congo. besides all this, he had good health, which defied all sickness, and solid muscles, but no nerves; good morals are understood. this boy was thirty years old, and his age to that of his master as fifteen to twenty. may i be excused for saying that i was forty years old? but conseil had one fault: he was ceremonious to a degree, and would never speak to me but in the third person, which was sometimes provoking. "conseil," said i again, beginning with feverish hands to make preparations for my departure. certainly i was sure of this devoted boy. as a rule, i never asked him if it were convenient for him or not to follow me in my travels; but this time the expedition in question might be prolonged, and the enterprise might be hazardous in pursuit of an animal capable of sinking a frigate as easily as a nutshell. here there was matter for reflection even to the most impassive man in the world. what would conseil say? "conseil," i called a third time. conseil appeared. "did you call, sir?" said he, entering. "yes, my boy; make preparations for me and yourself too. we leave in two hours." "as you please, sir," replied conseil, quietly. "not an instant to lose; lock in my trunk all travelling utensils, coats, shirts, and stockings--without counting, as many as you can, and make haste." "and your collections, sir?" observed conseil. "they will keep them at the hotel." "we are not returning to paris, then?" said conseil. "oh! certainly," i answered, evasively, "by making a curve." "will the curve please you, sir?" "oh! it will be nothing; not quite so direct a road, that is all. we take our passage in the abraham, lincoln." "as you think proper, sir," coolly replied conseil. "you see, my friend, it has to do with the monster--the famous narwhal. we are going to purge it from the seas. a glorious mission, but a dangerous one! we cannot tell where we may go; these animals can be very capricious. but we will go whether or no; we have got a captain who is pretty wide-awake." our luggage was transported to the deck of the frigate immediately. i hastened on board and asked for commander farragut. one of the sailors conducted me to the poop, where i found myself in the presence of a good-looking officer, who held out his hand to me. "monsieur pierre aronnax?" said he. "himself," replied i. "commander farragut?" "you are welcome, professor; your cabin is ready for you." i bowed, and desired to be conducted to the cabin destined for me. the abraham lincoln had been well chosen and equipped for her new destination. she was a frigate of great speed, fitted with high-pressure engines which admitted a pressure of seven atmospheres. under this the abraham lincoln attained the mean speed of nearly eighteen knots and a third an hour--a considerable speed, but, nevertheless, insufficient to grapple with this gigantic cetacean. the interior arrangements of the frigate corresponded to its nautical qualities. i was well satisfied with my cabin, which was in the after part, opening upon the gunroom. "we shall be well off here," said i to conseil. "as well, by your honour's leave, as a hermit-crab in the shell of a whelk," said conseil. i left conseil to stow our trunks conveniently away, and remounted the poop in order to survey the preparations for departure. at that moment commander farragut was ordering the last moorings to be cast loose which held the abraham lincoln to the pier of brooklyn. so in a quarter of an hour, perhaps less, the frigate would have sailed without me. i should have missed this extraordinary, supernatural, and incredible expedition, the recital of which may well meet with some suspicion. but commander farragut would not lose a day nor an hour in scouring the seas in which the animal had been sighted. he sent for the engineer. "is the steam full on?" asked he. "yes, sir," replied the engineer. "go ahead," cried commander farragut. chapter iv ned land captain farragut was a good seaman, worthy of the frigate he commanded. his vessel and he were one. he was the soul of it. on the question of the monster there was no doubt in his mind, and he would not allow the existence of the animal to be disputed on board. he believed in it, as certain good women believe in the leviathan--by faith, not by reason. the monster did exist, and he had sworn to rid the seas of it. either captain farragut would kill the narwhal, or the narwhal would kill the captain. there was no third course. the officers on board shared the opinion of their chief. they were ever chatting, discussing, and calculating the various chances of a meeting, watching narrowly the vast surface of the ocean. more than one took up his quarters voluntarily in the cross-trees, who would have cursed such a berth under any other circumstances. as long as the sun described its daily course, the rigging was crowded with sailors, whose feet were burnt to such an extent by the heat of the deck as to render it unbearable; still the abraham lincoln had not yet breasted the suspected waters of the pacific. as to the ship's company, they desired nothing better than to meet the unicorn, to harpoon it, hoist it on board, and despatch it. they watched the sea with eager attention. besides, captain farragut had spoken of a certain sum of two thousand dollars, set apart for whoever should first sight the monster, were he cabin-boy, common seaman, or officer. i leave you to judge how eyes were used on board the abraham lincoln. for my own part i was not behind the others, and, left to no one my share of daily observations. the frigate might have been called the argus, for a hundred reasons. only one amongst us, conseil, seemed to protest by his indifference against the question which so interested us all, and seemed to be out of keeping with the general enthusiasm on board. i have said that captain farragut had carefully provided his ship with every apparatus for catching the gigantic cetacean. no whaler had ever been better armed. we possessed every known engine, from the harpoon thrown by the hand to the barbed arrows of the blunderbuss, and the explosive balls of the duck-gun. on the forecastle lay the perfection of a breech-loading gun, very thick at the breech, and very narrow in the bore, the model of which had been in the exhibition of . this precious weapon of american origin could throw with ease a conical projectile of nine pounds to a mean distance of ten miles. thus the abraham lincoln wanted for no means of destruction; and, what was better still she had on board ned land, the prince of harpooners. ned land was a canadian, with an uncommon quickness of hand, and who knew no equal in his dangerous occupation. skill, coolness, audacity, and cunning he possessed in a superior degree, and it must be a cunning whale to escape the stroke of his harpoon. ned land was about forty years of age; he was a tall man (more than six feet high), strongly built, grave and taciturn, occasionally violent, and very passionate when contradicted. his person attracted attention, but above all the boldness of his look, which gave a singular expression to his face. who calls himself canadian calls himself french; and, little communicative as ned land was, i must admit that he took a certain liking for me. my nationality drew him to me, no doubt. it was an opportunity for him to talk, and for me to hear, that old language of rabelais, which is still in use in some canadian provinces. the harpooner's family was originally from quebec, and was already a tribe of hardy fishermen when this town belonged to france. little by little, ned land acquired a taste for chatting, and i loved to hear the recital of his adventures in the polar seas. he related his fishing, and his combats, with natural poetry of expression; his recital took the form of an epic poem, and i seemed to be listening to a canadian homer singing the iliad of the regions of the north. i am portraying this hardy companion as i really knew him. we are old friends now, united in that unchangeable friendship which is born and cemented amidst extreme dangers. ah, brave ned! i ask no more than to live a hundred years longer, that i may have more time to dwell the longer on your memory. now, what was ned land's opinion upon the question of the marine monster? i must admit that he did not believe in the unicorn, and was the only one on board who did not share that universal conviction. he even avoided the subject, which i one day thought it my duty to press upon him. one magnificent evening, the th july (that is to say, three weeks after our departure), the frigate was abreast of cape blanc, thirty miles to leeward of the coast of patagonia. we had crossed the tropic of capricorn, and the straits of magellan opened less than seven hundred miles to the south. before eight days were over the abraham lincoln would be ploughing the waters of the pacific. seated on the poop, ned land and i were chatting of one thing and another as we looked at this mysterious sea, whose great depths had up to this time been inaccessible to the eye of man. i naturally led up the conversation to the giant unicorn, and examined the various chances of success or failure of the expedition. but, seeing that ned land let me speak without saying too much himself, i pressed him more closely. "well, ned," said i, "is it possible that you are not convinced of the existence of this cetacean that we are following? have you any particular reason for being so incredulous?" the harpooner looked at me fixedly for some moments before answering, struck his broad forehead with his hand (a habit of his), as if to collect himself, and said at last, "perhaps i have, mr. aronnax." "but, ned, you, a whaler by profession, familiarised with all the great marine mammalia--you ought to be the last to doubt under such circumstances!" "that is just what deceives you, professor," replied ned. "as a whaler i have followed many a cetacean, harpooned a great number, and killed several; but, however strong or well-armed they may have been, neither their tails nor their weapons would have been able even to scratch the iron plates of a steamer." "but, ned, they tell of ships which the teeth of the narwhal have pierced through and through." "wooden ships--that is possible," replied the canadian, "but i have never seen it done; and, until further proof, i deny that whales, cetaceans, or sea-unicorns could ever produce the effect you describe." "well, ned, i repeat it with a conviction resting on the logic of facts. i believe in the existence of a mammal power fully organised, belonging to the branch of vertebrata, like the whales, the cachalots, or the dolphins, and furnished with a horn of defence of great penetrating power." "hum!" said the harpooner, shaking his head with the air of a man who would not be convinced. "notice one thing, my worthy canadian," i resumed. "if such an animal is in existence, if it inhabits the depths of the ocean, if it frequents the strata lying miles below the surface of the water, it must necessarily possess an organisation the strength of which would defy all comparison." "and why this powerful organisation?" demanded ned. "because it requires incalculable strength to keep one's self in these strata and resist their pressure. listen to me. let us admit that the pressure of the atmosphere is represented by the weight of a column of water thirty-two feet high. in reality the column of water would be shorter, as we are speaking of sea water, the density of which is greater than that of fresh water. very well, when you dive, ned, as many times feet of water as there are above you, so many times does your body bear a pressure equal to that of the atmosphere, that is to say, lb. for each square inch of its surface. it follows, then, that at feet this pressure equals that of atmospheres, of atmospheres at , feet, and of , atmospheres at , feet, that is, about miles; which is equivalent to saying that if you could attain this depth in the ocean, each square three-eighths of an inch of the surface of your body would bear a pressure of , lb. ah! my brave ned, do you know how many square inches you carry on the surface of your body?" "i have no idea, mr. aronnax." "about , ; and as in reality the atmospheric pressure is about lb. to the square inch, your , square inches bear at this moment a pressure of , lb." "without my perceiving it?" "without your perceiving it. and if you are not crushed by such a pressure, it is because the air penetrates the interior of your body with equal pressure. hence perfect equilibrium between the interior and exterior pressure, which thus neutralise each other, and which allows you to bear it without inconvenience. but in the water it is another thing." "yes, i understand," replied ned, becoming more attentive; "because the water surrounds me, but does not penetrate." "precisely, ned: so that at feet beneath the surface of the sea you would undergo a pressure of , lb.; at feet, ten times that pressure; at , feet, a hundred times that pressure; lastly, at , feet, a thousand times that pressure would be , , lb.--that is to say, that you would be flattened as if you had been drawn from the plates of a hydraulic machine!" "the devil!" exclaimed ned. "very well, my worthy harpooner, if some vertebrate, several hundred yards long, and large in proportion, can maintain itself in such depths--of those whose surface is represented by millions of square inches, that is by tens of millions of pounds, we must estimate the pressure they undergo. consider, then, what must be the resistance of their bony structure, and the strength of their organisation to withstand such pressure!" "why!" exclaimed ned land, "they must be made of iron plates eight inches thick, like the armoured frigates." "as you say, ned. and think what destruction such a mass would cause, if hurled with the speed of an express train against the hull of a vessel." "yes--certainly--perhaps," replied the canadian, shaken by these figures, but not yet willing to give in. "well, have i convinced you?" "you have convinced me of one thing, sir, which is that, if such animals do exist at the bottom of the seas, they must necessarily be as strong as you say." "but if they do not exist, mine obstinate harpooner, how explain the accident to the scotia?" chapter v at a venture the voyage of the abraham lincoln was for a long time marked by no special incident. but one circumstance happened which showed the wonderful dexterity of ned land, and proved what confidence we might place in him. the th of june, the frigate spoke some american whalers, from whom we learned that they knew nothing about the narwhal. but one of them, the captain of the monroe, knowing that ned land had shipped on board the abraham lincoln, begged for his help in chasing a whale they had in sight. commander farragut, desirous of seeing ned land at work, gave him permission to go on board the monroe. and fate served our canadian so well that, instead of one whale, he harpooned two with a double blow, striking one straight to the heart, and catching the other after some minutes' pursuit. decidedly, if the monster ever had to do with ned land's harpoon, i would not bet in its favour. the frigate skirted the south-east coast of america with great rapidity. the rd of july we were at the opening of the straits of magellan, level with cape vierges. but commander farragut would not take a tortuous passage, but doubled cape horn. the ship's crew agreed with him. and certainly it was possible that they might meet the narwhal in this narrow pass. many of the sailors affirmed that the monster could not pass there, "that he was too big for that!" the th of july, about three o'clock in the afternoon, the abraham lincoln, at fifteen miles to the south, doubled the solitary island, this lost rock at the extremity of the american continent, to which some dutch sailors gave the name of their native town, cape horn. the course was taken towards the north-west, and the next day the screw of the frigate was at last beating the waters of the pacific. "keep your eyes open!" called out the sailors. and they were opened widely. both eyes and glasses, a little dazzled, it is true, by the prospect of two thousand dollars, had not an instant's repose. i myself, for whom money had no charms, was not the least attentive on board. giving but few minutes to my meals, but a few hours to sleep, indifferent to either rain or sunshine, i did not leave the poop of the vessel. now leaning on the netting of the forecastle, now on the taffrail, i devoured with eagerness the soft foam which whitened the sea as far as the eye could reach; and how often have i shared the emotion of the majority of the crew, when some capricious whale raised its black back above the waves! the poop of the vessel was crowded on a moment. the cabins poured forth a torrent of sailors and officers, each with heaving breast and troubled eye watching the course of the cetacean. i looked and looked till i was nearly blind, whilst conseil kept repeating in a calm voice: "if, sir, you would not squint so much, you would see better!" but vain excitement! the abraham lincoln checked its speed and made for the animal signalled, a simple whale, or common cachalot, which soon disappeared amidst a storm of abuse. but the weather was good. the voyage was being accomplished under the most favourable auspices. it was then the bad season in australia, the july of that zone corresponding to our january in europe, but the sea was beautiful and easily scanned round a vast circumference. the th of july, the tropic of capricorn was cut by d of longitude, and the th of the same month we crossed the equator on the th meridian. this passed, the frigate took a more decided westerly direction, and scoured the central waters of the pacific. commander farragut thought, and with reason, that it was better to remain in deep water, and keep clear of continents or islands, which the beast itself seemed to shun (perhaps because there was not enough water for him! suggested the greater part of the crew). the frigate passed at some distance from the marquesas and the sandwich islands, crossed the tropic of cancer, and made for the china seas. we were on the theatre of the last diversions of the monster: and, to say truth, we no longer lived on board. the entire ship's crew were undergoing a nervous excitement, of which i can give no idea: they could not eat, they could not sleep--twenty times a day, a misconception or an optical illusion of some sailor seated on the taffrail, would cause dreadful perspirations, and these emotions, twenty times repeated, kept us in a state of excitement so violent that a reaction was unavoidable. and truly, reaction soon showed itself. for three months, during which a day seemed an age, the abraham lincoln furrowed all the waters of the northern pacific, running at whales, making sharp deviations from her course, veering suddenly from one tack to another, stopping suddenly, putting on steam, and backing ever and anon at the risk of deranging her machinery, and not one point of the japanese or american coast was left unexplored. the warmest partisans of the enterprise now became its most ardent detractors. reaction mounted from the crew to the captain himself, and certainly, had it not been for the resolute determination on the part of captain farragut, the frigate would have headed due southward. this useless search could not last much longer. the abraham lincoln had nothing to reproach herself with, she had done her best to succeed. never had an american ship's crew shown more zeal or patience; its failure could not be placed to their charge--there remained nothing but to return. this was represented to the commander. the sailors could not hide their discontent, and the service suffered. i will not say there was a mutiny on board, but after a reasonable period of obstinacy, captain farragut (as columbus did) asked for three days' patience. if in three days the monster did not appear, the man at the helm should give three turns of the wheel, and the abraham lincoln would make for the european seas. this promise was made on the nd of november. it had the effect of rallying the ship's crew. the ocean was watched with renewed attention. each one wished for a last glance in which to sum up his remembrance. glasses were used with feverish activity. it was a grand defiance given to the giant narwhal, and he could scarcely fail to answer the summons and "appear." two days passed, the steam was at half pressure; a thousand schemes were tried to attract the attention and stimulate the apathy of the animal in case it should be met in those parts. large quantities of bacon were trailed in the wake of the ship, to the great satisfaction (i must say) of the sharks. small craft radiated in all directions round the abraham lincoln as she lay to, and did not leave a spot of the sea unexplored. but the night of the th of november arrived without the unveiling of this submarine mystery. the next day, the th of november, at twelve, the delay would (morally speaking) expire; after that time, commander farragut, faithful to his promise, was to turn the course to the south-east and abandon for ever the northern regions of the pacific. the frigate was then in ° ' n. lat. and ° ' e. long. the coast of japan still remained less than two hundred miles to leeward. night was approaching. they had just struck eight bells; large clouds veiled the face of the moon, then in its first quarter. the sea undulated peaceably under the stern of the vessel. at that moment i was leaning forward on the starboard netting. conseil, standing near me, was looking straight before him. the crew, perched in the ratlines, examined the horizon which contracted and darkened by degrees. officers with their night glasses scoured the growing darkness: sometimes the ocean sparkled under the rays of the moon, which darted between two clouds, then all trace of light was lost in the darkness. in looking at conseil, i could see he was undergoing a little of the general influence. at least i thought so. perhaps for the first time his nerves vibrated to a sentiment of curiosity. "come, conseil," said i, "this is the last chance of pocketing the two thousand dollars." "may i be permitted to say, sir," replied conseil, "that i never reckoned on getting the prize; and, had the government of the union offered a hundred thousand dollars, it would have been none the poorer." "you are right, conseil. it is a foolish affair after all, and one upon which we entered too lightly. what time lost, what useless emotions! we should have been back in france six months ago." "in your little room, sir," replied conseil, "and in your museum, sir; and i should have already classed all your fossils, sir. and the babiroussa would have been installed in its cage in the jardin des plantes, and have drawn all the curious people of the capital!" "as you say, conseil. i fancy we shall run a fair chance of being laughed at for our pains." "that's tolerably certain," replied conseil, quietly; "i think they will make fun of you, sir. and, must i say it----?" "go on, my good friend." "well, sir, you will only get your deserts." "indeed!" "when one has the honour of being a _savant_ as you are, sir, one should not expose one's self to----" conseil had not time to finish his compliment. in the midst of general silence a voice had just been heard. it was the voice of ned land shouting: "look out there! the very thing we are looking for--on our weather beam!" chapter vi at full steam at this cry the whole ship's crew hurried towards the harpooner--commander, officers, masters, sailors, cabin boys; even the engineers left their engines, and the stokers their furnaces. the order to stop her had been given, and the frigate now simply went on by her own momentum. the darkness was then profound, and, however good the canadian's eyes were, i asked myself how he had managed to see, and what he had been able to see. my heart beat as if it would break. but ned land was not mistaken, and we all perceived the object he pointed to. at two cables' length from the abraham lincoln, on the starboard quarter, the sea seemed to be illuminated all over. it was not a mere phosphoric phenomenon. the monster emerged some fathoms from the water, and then threw out that very intense but mysterious light mentioned in the report of several captains. this magnificent irradiation must have been produced by an agent of great shining power. the luminous part traced on the sea an immense oval, much elongated, the centre of which condensed a burning heat, whose overpowering brilliancy died out by successive gradations. "it is only a massing of phosphoric particles," cried one of the officers. "no, sir, certainly not," i replied. "that brightness is of an essentially electrical nature. besides, see, see! it moves; it is moving forwards, backwards; it is darting towards us!" a general cry arose from the frigate. "silence!" said the captain. "up with the helm, reverse the engines." the steam was shut off, and the abraham lincoln, beating to port, described a semicircle. "right the helm, go ahead," cried the captain. these orders were executed, and the frigate moved rapidly from the burning light. i was mistaken. she tried to sheer off, but the supernatural animal approached with a velocity double her own. we gasped for breath. stupefaction more than fear made us dumb and motionless. the animal gained on us, sporting with the waves. it made the round of the frigate, which was then making fourteen knots, and enveloped it with its electric rings like luminous dust. then it moved away two or three miles, leaving a phosphorescent track, like those volumes of steam that the express trains leave behind. all at once from the dark line of the horizon whither it retired to gain its momentum, the monster rushed suddenly towards the abraham lincoln with alarming rapidity, stopped suddenly about twenty feet from the hull, and died out--not diving under the water, for its brilliancy did not abate--but suddenly, and as if the source of this brilliant emanation was exhausted. then it reappeared on the other side of the vessel, as if it had turned and slid under the hull. any moment a collision might have occurred which would have been fatal to us. however, i was astonished at the manoeuvres of the frigate. she fled and did not attack. on the captain's face, generally so impassive, was an expression of unaccountable astonishment. "mr. aronnax," he said, "i do not know with what formidable being i have to deal, and i will not imprudently risk my frigate in the midst of this darkness. besides, how attack this unknown thing, how defend one's self from it? wait for daylight, and the scene will change." "you have no further doubt, captain, of the nature of the animal?" "no, sir; it is evidently a gigantic narwhal, and an electric one." "perhaps," added i, "one can only approach it with a torpedo." "undoubtedly," replied the captain, "if it possesses such dreadful power, it is the most terrible animal that ever was created. that is why, sir, i must be on my guard." the crew were on their feet all night. no one thought of sleep. the abraham lincoln, not being able to struggle with such velocity, had moderated its pace, and sailed at half speed. for its part, the narwhal, imitating the frigate, let the waves rock it at will, and seemed decided not to leave the scene of the struggle. towards midnight, however, it disappeared, or, to use a more appropriate term, it "died out" like a large glow-worm. had it fled? one could only fear, not hope it. but at seven minutes to one o'clock in the morning a deafening whistling was heard, like that produced by a body of water rushing with great violence. the captain, ned land, and i were then on the poop, eagerly peering through the profound darkness. "ned land," asked the commander, "you have often heard the roaring of whales?" "often, sir; but never such whales the sight of which brought me in two thousand dollars. if i can only approach within four harpoons' length of it!" "but to approach it," said the commander, "i ought to put a whaler at your disposal?" "certainly, sir." "that will be trifling with the lives of my men." "and mine too," simply said the harpooner. towards two o'clock in the morning, the burning light reappeared, not less intense, about five miles to windward of the abraham lincoln. notwithstanding the distance, and the noise of the wind and sea, one heard distinctly the loud strokes of the animal's tail, and even its panting breath. it seemed that, at the moment that the enormous narwhal had come to take breath at the surface of the water, the air was engulfed in its lungs, like the steam in the vast cylinders of a machine of two thousand horse-power. "hum!" thought i, "a whale with the strength of a cavalry regiment would be a pretty whale!" we were on the qui vive till daylight, and prepared for the combat. the fishing implements were laid along the hammock nettings. the second lieutenant loaded the blunder busses, which could throw harpoons to the distance of a mile, and long duck-guns, with explosive bullets, which inflicted mortal wounds even to the most terrible animals. ned land contented himself with sharpening his harpoon--a terrible weapon in his hands. at six o'clock day began to break; and, with the first glimmer of light, the electric light of the narwhal disappeared. at seven o'clock the day was sufficiently advanced, but a very thick sea fog obscured our view, and the best spy glasses could not pierce it. that caused disappointment and anger. i climbed the mizzen-mast. some officers were already perched on the mast-heads. at eight o'clock the fog lay heavily on the waves, and its thick scrolls rose little by little. the horizon grew wider and clearer at the same time. suddenly, just as on the day before, ned land's voice was heard: "the thing itself on the port quarter!" cried the harpooner. every eye was turned towards the point indicated. there, a mile and a half from the frigate, a long blackish body emerged a yard above the waves. its tail, violently agitated, produced a considerable eddy. never did a tail beat the sea with such violence. an immense track, of dazzling whiteness, marked the passage of the animal, and described a long curve. the frigate approached the cetacean. i examined it thoroughly. the reports of the shannon and of the helvetia had rather exaggerated its size, and i estimated its length at only two hundred and fifty feet. as to its dimensions, i could only conjecture them to be admirably proportioned. while i watched this phenomenon, two jets of steam and water were ejected from its vents, and rose to the height of feet; thus i ascertained its way of breathing. i concluded definitely that it belonged to the vertebrate branch, class mammalia. the crew waited impatiently for their chief's orders. the latter, after having observed the animal attentively, called the engineer. the engineer ran to him. "sir," said the commander, "you have steam up?" "yes, sir," answered the engineer. "well, make up your fires and put on all steam." three hurrahs greeted this order. the time for the struggle had arrived. some moments after, the two funnels of the frigate vomited torrents of black smoke, and the bridge quaked under the trembling of the boilers. the abraham lincoln, propelled by her wonderful screw, went straight at the animal. the latter allowed it to come within half a cable's length; then, as if disdaining to dive, it took a little turn, and stopped a short distance off. this pursuit lasted nearly three-quarters of an hour, without the frigate gaining two yards on the cetacean. it was quite evident that at that rate we should never come up with it. "well, mr. land," asked the captain, "do you advise me to put the boats out to sea?" "no, sir," replied ned land; "because we shall not take that beast easily." "what shall we do then?" "put on more steam if you can, sir. with your leave, i mean to post myself under the bowsprit, and, if we get within harpooning distance, i shall throw my harpoon." "go, ned," said the captain. "engineer, put on more pressure." ned land went to his post. the fires were increased, the screw revolved forty-three times a minute, and the steam poured out of the valves. we heaved the log, and calculated that the abraham lincoln was going at the rate of / miles an hour. but the accursed animal swam at the same speed. for a whole hour the frigate kept up this pace, without gaining six feet. it was humiliating for one of the swiftest sailers in the american navy. a stubborn anger seized the crew; the sailors abused the monster, who, as before, disdained to answer them; the captain no longer contented himself with twisting his beard--he gnawed it. the engineer was called again. "you have turned full steam on?" "yes, sir," replied the engineer. the speed of the abraham lincoln increased. its masts trembled down to their stepping holes, and the clouds of smoke could hardly find way out of the narrow funnels. they heaved the log a second time. "well?" asked the captain of the man at the wheel. "nineteen miles and three-tenths, sir." "clap on more steam." the engineer obeyed. the manometer showed ten degrees. but the cetacean grew warm itself, no doubt; for without straining itself, it made / miles. what a pursuit! no, i cannot describe the emotion that vibrated through me. ned land kept his post, harpoon in hand. several times the animal let us gain upon it.--"we shall catch it! we shall catch it!" cried the canadian. but just as he was going to strike, the cetacean stole away with a rapidity that could not be estimated at less than thirty miles an hour, and even during our maximum of speed, it bullied the frigate, going round and round it. a cry of fury broke from everyone! at noon we were no further advanced than at eight o'clock in the morning. the captain then decided to take more direct means. "ah!" said he, "that animal goes quicker than the abraham lincoln. very well! we will see whether it will escape these conical bullets. send your men to the forecastle, sir." the forecastle gun was immediately loaded and slewed round. but the shot passed some feet above the cetacean, which was half a mile off. "another, more to the right," cried the commander, "and five dollars to whoever will hit that infernal beast." an old gunner with a grey beard--that i can see now--with steady eye and grave face, went up to the gun and took a long aim. a loud report was heard, with which were mingled the cheers of the crew. the bullet did its work; it hit the animal, and, sliding off the rounded surface, was lost in two miles depth of sea. the chase began again, and the captain, leaning towards me, said: "i will pursue that beast till my frigate bursts up." "yes," answered i; "and you will be quite right to do it." i wished the beast would exhaust itself, and not be insensible to fatigue like a steam engine. but it was of no use. hours passed, without its showing any signs of exhaustion. however, it must be said in praise of the abraham lincoln that she struggled on indefatigably. i cannot reckon the distance she made under three hundred miles during this unlucky day, november the th. but night came on, and overshadowed the rough ocean. now i thought our expedition was at an end, and that we should never again see the extraordinary animal. i was mistaken. at ten minutes to eleven in the evening, the electric light reappeared three miles to windward of the frigate, as pure, as intense as during the preceding night. the narwhal seemed motionless; perhaps, tired with its day's work, it slept, letting itself float with the undulation of the waves. now was a chance of which the captain resolved to take advantage. he gave his orders. the abraham lincoln kept up half steam, and advanced cautiously so as not to awake its adversary. it is no rare thing to meet in the middle of the ocean whales so sound asleep that they can be successfully attacked, and ned land had harpooned more than one during its sleep. the canadian went to take his place again under the bowsprit. the frigate approached noiselessly, stopped at two cables' lengths from the animal, and following its track. no one breathed; a deep silence reigned on the bridge. we were not a hundred feet from the burning focus, the light of which increased and dazzled our eyes. at this moment, leaning on the forecastle bulwark, i saw below me ned land grappling the martingale in one hand, brandishing his terrible harpoon in the other, scarcely twenty feet from the motionless animal. suddenly his arm straightened, and the harpoon was thrown; i heard the sonorous stroke of the weapon, which seemed to have struck a hard body. the electric light went out suddenly, and two enormous waterspouts broke over the bridge of the frigate, rushing like a torrent from stem to stern, overthrowing men, and breaking the lashings of the spars. a fearful shock followed, and, thrown over the rail without having time to stop myself, i fell into the sea. chapter vii an unknown species of whale this unexpected fall so stunned me that i have no clear recollection of my sensations at the time. i was at first drawn down to a depth of about twenty feet. i am a good swimmer (though without pretending to rival byron or edgar poe, who were masters of the art), and in that plunge i did not lose my presence of mind. two vigorous strokes brought me to the surface of the water. my first care was to look for the frigate. had the crew seen me disappear? had the abraham lincoln veered round? would the captain put out a boat? might i hope to be saved? the darkness was intense. i caught a glimpse of a black mass disappearing in the east, its beacon lights dying out in the distance. it was the frigate! i was lost. "help, help!" i shouted, swimming towards the abraham lincoln in desperation. my clothes encumbered me; they seemed glued to my body, and paralysed my movements. i was sinking! i was suffocating! "help!" this was my last cry. my mouth filled with water; i struggled against being drawn down the abyss. suddenly my clothes were seized by a strong hand, and i felt myself quickly drawn up to the surface of the sea; and i heard, yes, i heard these words pronounced in my ear: "if master would be so good as to lean on my shoulder, master would swim with much greater ease." i seized with one hand my faithful conseil's arm. "is it you?" said i, "you?" "myself," answered conseil; "and waiting master's orders." "that shock threw you as well as me into the sea?" "no; but, being in my master's service, i followed him." the worthy fellow thought that was but natural. "and the frigate?" i asked. "the frigate?" replied conseil, turning on his back; "i think that master had better not count too much on her." "you think so?" "i say that, at the time i threw myself into the sea, i heard the men at the wheel say, `the screw and the rudder are broken.' "broken?" "yes, broken by the monster's teeth. it is the only injury the abraham lincoln has sustained. but it is a bad look-out for us--she no longer answers her helm." "then we are lost!" "perhaps so," calmly answered conseil. "however, we have still several hours before us, and one can do a good deal in some hours." conseil's imperturbable coolness set me up again. i swam more vigorously; but, cramped by my clothes, which stuck to me like a leaden weight, i felt great difficulty in bearing up. conseil saw this. "will master let me make a slit?" said he; and, slipping an open knife under my clothes, he ripped them up from top to bottom very rapidly. then he cleverly slipped them off me, while i swam for both of us. then i did the same for conseil, and we continued to swim near to each other. nevertheless, our situation was no less terrible. perhaps our disappearance had not been noticed; and, if it had been, the frigate could not tack, being without its helm. conseil argued on this supposition, and laid his plans accordingly. this quiet boy was perfectly self-possessed. we then decided that, as our only chance of safety was being picked up by the abraham lincoln's boats, we ought to manage so as to wait for them as long as possible. i resolved then to husband our strength, so that both should not be exhausted at the same time; and this is how we managed: while one of us lay on our back, quite still, with arms crossed, and legs stretched out, the other would swim and push the other on in front. this towing business did not last more than ten minutes each; and relieving each other thus, we could swim on for some hours, perhaps till day-break. poor chance! but hope is so firmly rooted in the heart of man! moreover, there were two of us. indeed i declare (though it may seem improbable) if i sought to destroy all hope--if i wished to despair, i could not. the collision of the frigate with the cetacean had occurred about eleven o'clock in the evening before. i reckoned then we should have eight hours to swim before sunrise, an operation quite practicable if we relieved each other. the sea, very calm, was in our favour. sometimes i tried to pierce the intense darkness that was only dispelled by the phosphorescence caused by our movements. i watched the luminous waves that broke over my hand, whose mirror-like surface was spotted with silvery rings. one might have said that we were in a bath of quicksilver. near one o'clock in the morning, i was seized with dreadful fatigue. my limbs stiffened under the strain of violent cramp. conseil was obliged to keep me up, and our preservation devolved on him alone. i heard the poor boy pant; his breathing became short and hurried. i found that he could not keep up much longer. "leave me! leave me!" i said to him. "leave my master? never!" replied he. "i would drown first." just then the moon appeared through the fringes of a thick cloud that the wind was driving to the east. the surface of the sea glittered with its rays. this kindly light reanimated us. my head got better again. i looked at all points of the horizon. i saw the frigate! she was five miles from us, and looked like a dark mass, hardly discernible. but no boats! i would have cried out. but what good would it have been at such a distance! my swollen lips could utter no sounds. conseil could articulate some words, and i heard him repeat at intervals, "help! help!" our movements were suspended for an instant; we listened. it might be only a singing in the ear, but it seemed to me as if a cry answered the cry from conseil. "did you hear?" i murmured. "yes! yes!" and conseil gave one more despairing cry. this time there was no mistake! a human voice responded to ours! was it the voice of another unfortunate creature, abandoned in the middle of the ocean, some other victim of the shock sustained by the vessel? or rather was it a boat from the frigate, that was hailing us in the darkness? conseil made a last effort, and, leaning on my shoulder, while i struck out in a desperate effort, he raised himself half out of the water, then fell back exhausted. "what did you see?" "i saw----" murmured he; "i saw--but do not talk--reserve all your strength!" what had he seen? then, i know not why, the thought of the monster came into my head for the first time! but that voice! the time is past for jonahs to take refuge in whales' bellies! however, conseil was towing me again. he raised his head sometimes, looked before us, and uttered a cry of recognition, which was responded to by a voice that came nearer and nearer. i scarcely heard it. my strength was exhausted; my fingers stiffened; my hand afforded me support no longer; my mouth, convulsively opening, filled with salt water. cold crept over me. i raised my head for the last time, then i sank. at this moment a hard body struck me. i clung to it: then i felt that i was being drawn up, that i was brought to the surface of the water, that my chest collapsed--i fainted. it is certain that i soon came to, thanks to the vigorous rubbings that i received. i half opened my eyes. "conseil!" i murmured. "does master call me?" asked conseil. just then, by the waning light of the moon which was sinking down to the horizon, i saw a face which was not conseil's and which i immediately recognised. "ned!" i cried. "the same, sir, who is seeking his prize!" replied the canadian. "were you thrown into the sea by the shock to the frigate?" "yes, professor; but more fortunate than you, i was able to find a footing almost directly upon a floating island." "an island?" "or, more correctly speaking, on our gigantic narwhal." "explain yourself, ned!" "only i soon found out why my harpoon had not entered its skin and was blunted." "why, ned, why?" "because, professor, that beast is made of sheet iron." the canadian's last words produced a sudden revolution in my brain. i wriggled myself quickly to the top of the being, or object, half out of the water, which served us for a refuge. i kicked it. it was evidently a hard, impenetrable body, and not the soft substance that forms the bodies of the great marine mammalia. but this hard body might be a bony covering, like that of the antediluvian animals; and i should be free to class this monster among amphibious reptiles, such as tortoises or alligators. well, no! the blackish back that supported me was smooth, polished, without scales. the blow produced a metallic sound; and, incredible though it may be, it seemed, i might say, as if it was made of riveted plates. there was no doubt about it! this monster, this natural phenomenon that had puzzled the learned world, and over thrown and misled the imagination of seamen of both hemispheres, it must be owned was a still more astonishing phenomenon, inasmuch as it was a simply human construction. we had no time to lose, however. we were lying upon the back of a sort of submarine boat, which appeared (as far as i could judge) like a huge fish of steel. ned land's mind was made up on this point. conseil and i could only agree with him. just then a bubbling began at the back of this strange thing (which was evidently propelled by a screw), and it began to move. we had only just time to seize hold of the upper part, which rose about seven feet out of the water, and happily its speed was not great. "as long as it sails horizontally," muttered ned land, "i do not mind; but, if it takes a fancy to dive, i would not give two straws for my life." the canadian might have said still less. it became really necessary to communicate with the beings, whatever they were, shut up inside the machine. i searched all over the outside for an aperture, a panel, or a manhole, to use a technical expression; but the lines of the iron rivets, solidly driven into the joints of the iron plates, were clear and uniform. besides, the moon disappeared then, and left us in total darkness. at last this long night passed. my indistinct remembrance prevents my describing all the impressions it made. i can only recall one circumstance. during some lulls of the wind and sea, i fancied i heard several times vague sounds, a sort of fugitive harmony produced by words of command. what was, then, the mystery of this submarine craft, of which the whole world vainly sought an explanation? what kind of beings existed in this strange boat? what mechanical agent caused its prodigious speed? daybreak appeared. the morning mists surrounded us, but they soon cleared off. i was about to examine the hull, which formed on deck a kind of horizontal platform, when i felt it gradually sinking. "oh! confound it!" cried ned land, kicking the resounding plate. "open, you inhospitable rascals!" happily the sinking movement ceased. suddenly a noise, like iron works violently pushed aside, came from the interior of the boat. one iron plate was moved, a man appeared, uttered an odd cry, and disappeared immediately. some moments after, eight strong men, with masked faces, appeared noiselessly, and drew us down into their formidable machine. chapter viii mobilis in mobili this forcible abduction, so roughly carried out, was accomplished with the rapidity of lightning. i shivered all over. whom had we to deal with? no doubt some new sort of pirates, who explored the sea in their own way. hardly had the narrow panel closed upon me, when i was enveloped in darkness. my eyes, dazzled with the outer light, could distinguish nothing. i felt my naked feet cling to the rungs of an iron ladder. ned land and conseil, firmly seized, followed me. at the bottom of the ladder, a door opened, and shut after us immediately with a bang. we were alone. where, i could not say, hardly imagine. all was black, and such a dense black that, after some minutes, my eyes had not been able to discern even the faintest glimmer. meanwhile, ned land, furious at these proceedings, gave free vent to his indignation. "confound it!" cried he, "here are people who come up to the scotch for hospitality. they only just miss being cannibals. i should not be surprised at it, but i declare that they shall not eat me without my protesting." "calm yourself, friend ned, calm yourself," replied conseil, quietly. "do not cry out before you are hurt. we are not quite done for yet." "not quite," sharply replied the canadian, "but pretty near, at all events. things look black. happily, my bowie knife i have still, and i can always see well enough to use it. the first of these pirates who lays a hand on me----" "do not excite yourself, ned," i said to the harpooner, "and do not compromise us by useless violence. who knows that they will not listen to us? let us rather try to find out where we are." i groped about. in five steps i came to an iron wall, made of plates bolted together. then turning back i struck against a wooden table, near which were ranged several stools. the boards of this prison were concealed under a thick mat, which deadened the noise of the feet. the bare walls revealed no trace of window or door. conseil, going round the reverse way, met me, and we went back to the middle of the cabin, which measured about twenty feet by ten. as to its height, ned land, in spite of his own great height, could not measure it. half an hour had already passed without our situation being bettered, when the dense darkness suddenly gave way to extreme light. our prison was suddenly lighted, that is to say, it became filled with a luminous matter, so strong that i could not bear it at first. in its whiteness and intensity i recognised that electric light which played round the submarine boat like a magnificent phenomenon of phosphorescence. after shutting my eyes involuntarily, i opened them, and saw that this luminous agent came from a half globe, unpolished, placed in the roof of the cabin. "at last one can see," cried ned land, who, knife in hand, stood on the defensive. "yes," said i; "but we are still in the dark about ourselves." "let master have patience," said the imperturbable conseil. the sudden lighting of the cabin enabled me to examine it minutely. it only contained a table and five stools. the invisible door might be hermetically sealed. no noise was heard. all seemed dead in the interior of this boat. did it move, did it float on the surface of the ocean, or did it dive into its depths? i could not guess. a noise of bolts was now heard, the door opened, and two men appeared. one was short, very muscular, broad-shouldered, with robust limbs, strong head, an abundance of black hair, thick moustache, a quick penetrating look, and the vivacity which characterises the population of southern france. the second stranger merits a more detailed description. i made out his prevailing qualities directly: self-confidence--because his head was well set on his shoulders, and his black eyes looked around with cold assurance; calmness--for his skin, rather pale, showed his coolness of blood; energy--evinced by the rapid contraction of his lofty brows; and courage--because his deep breathing denoted great power of lungs. whether this person was thirty-five or fifty years of age, i could not say. he was tall, had a large forehead, straight nose, a clearly cut mouth, beautiful teeth, with fine taper hands, indicative of a highly nervous temperament. this man was certainly the most admirable specimen i had ever met. one particular feature was his eyes, rather far from each other, and which could take in nearly a quarter of the horizon at once. this faculty--(i verified it later)--gave him a range of vision far superior to ned land's. when this stranger fixed upon an object, his eyebrows met, his large eyelids closed around so as to contract the range of his vision, and he looked as if he magnified the objects lessened by distance, as if he pierced those sheets of water so opaque to our eyes, and as if he read the very depths of the seas. the two strangers, with caps made from the fur of the sea otter, and shod with sea boots of seal's skin, were dressed in clothes of a particular texture, which allowed free movement of the limbs. the taller of the two, evidently the chief on board, examined us with great attention, without saying a word; then, turning to his companion, talked with him in an unknown tongue. it was a sonorous, harmonious, and flexible dialect, the vowels seeming to admit of very varied accentuation. the other replied by a shake of the head, and added two or three perfectly incomprehensible words. then he seemed to question me by a look. i replied in good french that i did not know his language; but he seemed not to understand me, and my situation became more embarrassing. "if master were to tell our story," said conseil, "perhaps these gentlemen may understand some words." i began to tell our adventures, articulating each syllable clearly, and without omitting one single detail. i announced our names and rank, introducing in person professor aronnax, his servant conseil, and master ned land, the harpooner. the man with the soft calm eyes listened to me quietly, even politely, and with extreme attention; but nothing in his countenance indicated that he had understood my story. when i finished, he said not a word. there remained one resource, to speak english. perhaps they would know this almost universal language. i knew it--as well as the german language--well enough to read it fluently, but not to speak it correctly. but, anyhow, we must make ourselves understood. "go on in your turn," i said to the harpooner; "speak your best anglo-saxon, and try to do better than i." ned did not beg off, and recommenced our story. to his great disgust, the harpooner did not seem to have made himself more intelligible than i had. our visitors did not stir. they evidently understood neither the language of england nor of france. very much embarrassed, after having vainly exhausted our speaking resources, i knew not what part to take, when conseil said: "if master will permit me, i will relate it in german." but in spite of the elegant terms and good accent of the narrator, the german language had no success. at last, nonplussed, i tried to remember my first lessons, and to narrate our adventures in latin, but with no better success. this last attempt being of no avail, the two strangers exchanged some words in their unknown language, and retired. the door shut. "it is an infamous shame," cried ned land, who broke out for the twentieth time. "we speak to those rogues in french, english, german, and latin, and not one of them has the politeness to answer!" "calm yourself," i said to the impetuous ned; "anger will do no good." "but do you see, professor," replied our irascible companion, "that we shall absolutely die of hunger in this iron cage?" "bah!" said conseil, philosophically; "we can hold out some time yet." "my friends," i said, "we must not despair. we have been worse off than this. do me the favour to wait a little before forming an opinion upon the commander and crew of this boat." "my opinion is formed," replied ned land, sharply. "they are rascals." "good! and from what country?" "from the land of rogues!" "my brave ned, that country is not clearly indicated on the map of the world; but i admit that the nationality of the two strangers is hard to determine. neither english, french, nor german, that is quite certain. however, i am inclined to think that the commander and his companion were born in low latitudes. there is southern blood in them. but i cannot decide by their appearance whether they are spaniards, turks, arabians, or indians. as to their language, it is quite incomprehensible." "there is the disadvantage of not knowing all languages," said conseil, "or the disadvantage of not having one universal language." as he said these words, the door opened. a steward entered. he brought us clothes, coats and trousers, made of a stuff i did not know. i hastened to dress myself, and my companions followed my example. during that time, the steward--dumb, perhaps deaf--had arranged the table, and laid three plates. "this is something like!" said conseil. "bah!" said the angry harpooner, "what do you suppose they eat here? tortoise liver, filleted shark, and beef steaks from seadogs." "we shall see," said conseil. the dishes, of bell metal, were placed on the table, and we took our places. undoubtedly we had to do with civilised people, and, had it not been for the electric light which flooded us, i could have fancied i was in the dining-room of the adelphi hotel at liverpool, or at the grand hotel in paris. i must say, however, that there was neither bread nor wine. the water was fresh and clear, but it was water and did not suit ned land's taste. amongst the dishes which were brought to us, i recognised several fish delicately dressed; but of some, although excellent, i could give no opinion, neither could i tell to what kingdom they belonged, whether animal or vegetable. as to the dinner-service, it was elegant, and in perfect taste. each utensil--spoon, fork, knife, plate--had a letter engraved on it, with a motto above it, of which this is an exact facsimile: mobilis in mobili n the letter n was no doubt the initial of the name of the enigmatical person who commanded at the bottom of the seas. ned and conseil did not reflect much. they devoured the food, and i did likewise. i was, besides, reassured as to our fate; and it seemed evident that our hosts would not let us die of want. however, everything has an end, everything passes away, even the hunger of people who have not eaten for fifteen hours. our appetites satisfied, we felt overcome with sleep. "faith! i shall sleep well," said conseil. "so shall i," replied ned land. my two companions stretched themselves on the cabin carpet, and were soon sound asleep. for my own part, too many thoughts crowded my brain, too many insoluble questions pressed upon me, too many fancies kept my eyes half open. where were we? what strange power carried us on? i felt--or rather fancied i felt--the machine sinking down to the lowest beds of the sea. dreadful nightmares beset me; i saw in these mysterious asylums a world of unknown animals, amongst which this submarine boat seemed to be of the same kind, living, moving, and formidable as they. then my brain grew calmer, my imagination wandered into vague unconsciousness, and i soon fell into a deep sleep. chapter ix ned land's tempers how long we slept i do not know; but our sleep must have lasted long, for it rested us completely from our fatigues. i woke first. my companions had not moved, and were still stretched in their corner. hardly roused from my somewhat hard couch, i felt my brain freed, my mind clear. i then began an attentive examination of our cell. nothing was changed inside. the prison was still a prison--the prisoners, prisoners. however, the steward, during our sleep, had cleared the table. i breathed with difficulty. the heavy air seemed to oppress my lungs. although the cell was large, we had evidently consumed a great part of the oxygen that it contained. indeed, each man consumes, in one hour, the oxygen contained in more than pints of air, and this air, charged (as then) with a nearly equal quantity of carbonic acid, becomes unbreathable. it became necessary to renew the atmosphere of our prison, and no doubt the whole in the submarine boat. that gave rise to a question in my mind. how would the commander of this floating dwelling-place proceed? would he obtain air by chemical means, in getting by heat the oxygen contained in chlorate of potash, and in absorbing carbonic acid by caustic potash? or--a more convenient, economical, and consequently more probable alternative--would he be satisfied to rise and take breath at the surface of the water, like a whale, and so renew for twenty-four hours the atmospheric provision? in fact, i was already obliged to increase my respirations to eke out of this cell the little oxygen it contained, when suddenly i was refreshed by a current of pure air, and perfumed with saline emanations. it was an invigorating sea breeze, charged with iodine. i opened my mouth wide, and my lungs saturated themselves with fresh particles. at the same time i felt the boat rolling. the iron-plated monster had evidently just risen to the surface of the ocean to breathe, after the fashion of whales. i found out from that the mode of ventilating the boat. when i had inhaled this air freely, i sought the conduit pipe, which conveyed to us the beneficial whiff, and i was not long in finding it. above the door was a ventilator, through which volumes of fresh air renewed the impoverished atmosphere of the cell. i was making my observations, when ned and conseil awoke almost at the same time, under the influence of this reviving air. they rubbed their eyes, stretched themselves, and were on their feet in an instant. "did master sleep well?" asked conseil, with his usual politeness. "very well, my brave boy. and you, mr. land?" "soundly, professor. but, i don't know if i am right or not, there seems to be a sea breeze!" a seaman could not be mistaken, and i told the canadian all that had passed during his sleep. "good!" said he. "that accounts for those roarings we heard, when the supposed narwhal sighted the abraham lincoln." "quite so, master land; it was taking breath." "only, mr. aronnax, i have no idea what o'clock it is, unless it is dinner-time." "dinner-time! my good fellow? say rather breakfast-time, for we certainly have begun another day." "so," said conseil, "we have slept twenty-four hours?" "that is my opinion." "i will not contradict you," replied ned land. "but, dinner or breakfast, the steward will be welcome, whichever he brings." "master land, we must conform to the rules on board, and i suppose our appetites are in advance of the dinner hour." "that is just like you, friend conseil," said ned, impatiently. "you are never out of temper, always calm; you would return thanks before grace, and die of hunger rather than complain!" time was getting on, and we were fearfully hungry; and this time the steward did not appear. it was rather too long to leave us, if they really had good intentions towards us. ned land, tormented by the cravings of hunger, got still more angry; and, notwithstanding his promise, i dreaded an explosion when he found himself with one of the crew. for two hours more ned land's temper increased; he cried, he shouted, but in vain. the walls were deaf. there was no sound to be heard in the boat; all was still as death. it did not move, for i should have felt the trembling motion of the hull under the influence of the screw. plunged in the depths of the waters, it belonged no longer to earth: this silence was dreadful. i felt terrified, conseil was calm, ned land roared. just then a noise was heard outside. steps sounded on the metal flags. the locks were turned, the door opened, and the steward appeared. before i could rush forward to stop him, the canadian had thrown him down, and held him by the throat. the steward was choking under the grip of his powerful hand. conseil was already trying to unclasp the harpooner's hand from his half-suffocated victim, and i was going to fly to the rescue, when suddenly i was nailed to the spot by hearing these words in french: "be quiet, master land; and you, professor, will you be so good as to listen to me?" chapter x the man of the seas it was the commander of the vessel who thus spoke. at these words, ned land rose suddenly. the steward, nearly strangled, tottered out on a sign from his master. but such was the power of the commander on board, that not a gesture betrayed the resentment which this man must have felt towards the canadian. conseil interested in spite of himself, i stupefied, awaited in silence the result of this scene. the commander, leaning against the corner of a table with his arms folded, scanned us with profound attention. did he hesitate to speak? did he regret the words which he had just spoken in french? one might almost think so. after some moments of silence, which not one of us dreamed of breaking, "gentlemen," said he, in a calm and penetrating voice, "i speak french, english, german, and latin equally well. i could, therefore, have answered you at our first interview, but i wished to know you first, then to reflect. the story told by each one, entirely agreeing in the main points, convinced me of your identity. i know now that chance has brought before me m. pierre aronnax, professor of natural history at the museum of paris, entrusted with a scientific mission abroad, conseil, his servant, and ned land, of canadian origin, harpooner on board the frigate abraham lincoln of the navy of the united states of america." i bowed assent. it was not a question that the commander put to me. therefore there was no answer to be made. this man expressed himself with perfect ease, without any accent. his sentences were well turned, his words clear, and his fluency of speech remarkable. yet, i did not recognise in him a fellow-countryman. he continued the conversation in these terms: "you have doubtless thought, sir, that i have delayed long in paying you this second visit. the reason is that, your identity recognised, i wished to weigh maturely what part to act towards you. i have hesitated much. most annoying circumstances have brought you into the presence of a man who has broken all the ties of humanity. you have come to trouble my existence." "unintentionally!" said i. "unintentionally?" replied the stranger, raising his voice a little. "was it unintentionally that the abraham lincoln pursued me all over the seas? was it unintentionally that you took passage in this frigate? was it unintentionally that your cannon-balls rebounded off the plating of my vessel? was it unintentionally that mr. ned land struck me with his harpoon?" i detected a restrained irritation in these words. but to these recriminations i had a very natural answer to make, and i made it. "sir," said i, "no doubt you are ignorant of the discussions which have taken place concerning you in america and europe. you do not know that divers accidents, caused by collisions with your submarine machine, have excited public feeling in the two continents. i omit the theories without number by which it was sought to explain that of which you alone possess the secret. but you must understand that, in pursuing you over the high seas of the pacific, the abraham lincoln believed itself to be chasing some powerful sea-monster, of which it was necessary to rid the ocean at any price." a half-smile curled the lips of the commander: then, in a calmer tone: "m. aronnax," he replied, "dare you affirm that your frigate would not as soon have pursued and cannonaded a submarine boat as a monster?" this question embarrassed me, for certainly captain farragut might not have hesitated. he might have thought it his duty to destroy a contrivance of this kind, as he would a gigantic narwhal. "you understand then, sir," continued the stranger, "that i have the right to treat you as enemies?" i answered nothing, purposely. for what good would it be to discuss such a proposition, when force could destroy the best arguments? "i have hesitated some time," continued the commander; "nothing obliged me to show you hospitality. if i chose to separate myself from you, i should have no interest in seeing you again; i could place you upon the deck of this vessel which has served you as a refuge, i could sink beneath the waters, and forget that you had ever existed. would not that be my right?" "it might be the right of a savage," i answered, "but not that of a civilised man." "professor," replied the commander, quickly, "i am not what you call a civilised man! i have done with society entirely, for reasons which i alone have the right of appreciating. i do not, therefore, obey its laws, and i desire you never to allude to them before me again!" this was said plainly. a flash of anger and disdain kindled in the eyes of the unknown, and i had a glimpse of a terrible past in the life of this man. not only had he put himself beyond the pale of human laws, but he had made himself independent of them, free in the strictest acceptation of the word, quite beyond their reach! who then would dare to pursue him at the bottom of the sea, when, on its surface, he defied all attempts made against him? what vessel could resist the shock of his submarine monitor? what cuirass, however thick, could withstand the blows of his spur? no man could demand from him an account of his actions; god, if he believed in one--his conscience, if he had one--were the sole judges to whom he was answerable. these reflections crossed my mind rapidly, whilst the stranger personage was silent, absorbed, and as if wrapped up in himself. i regarded him with fear mingled with interest, as, doubtless, oediphus regarded the sphinx. after rather a long silence, the commander resumed the conversation. "i have hesitated," said he, "but i have thought that my interest might be reconciled with that pity to which every human being has a right. you will remain on board my vessel, since fate has cast you there. you will be free; and, in exchange for this liberty, i shall only impose one single condition. your word of honour to submit to it will suffice." "speak, sir," i answered. "i suppose this condition is one which a man of honour may accept?" "yes, sir; it is this: it is possible that certain events, unforeseen, may oblige me to consign you to your cabins for some hours or some days, as the case may be. as i desire never to use violence, i expect from you, more than all the others, a passive obedience. in thus acting, i take all the responsibility: i acquit you entirely, for i make it an impossibility for you to see what ought not to be seen. do you accept this condition?" then things took place on board which, to say the least, were singular, and which ought not to be seen by people who were not placed beyond the pale of social laws. amongst the surprises which the future was preparing for me, this might not be the least. "we accept," i answered; "only i will ask your permission, sir, to address one question to you--one only." "speak, sir." "you said that we should be free on board." "entirely." "i ask you, then, what you mean by this liberty?" "just the liberty to go, to come, to see, to observe even all that passes here save under rare circumstances--the liberty, in short, which we enjoy ourselves, my companions and i." it was evident that we did not understand one another. "pardon me, sir," i resumed, "but this liberty is only what every prisoner has of pacing his prison. it cannot suffice us." "it must suffice you, however." "what! we must renounce for ever seeing our country, our friends, our relations again?" "yes, sir. but to renounce that unendurable worldly yoke which men believe to be liberty is not perhaps so painful as you think." "well," exclaimed ned land, "never will i give my word of honour not to try to escape." "i did not ask you for your word of honour, master land," answered the commander, coldly. "sir," i replied, beginning to get angry in spite of my self, "you abuse your situation towards us; it is cruelty." "no, sir, it is clemency. you are my prisoners of war. i keep you, when i could, by a word, plunge you into the depths of the ocean. you attacked me. you came to surprise a secret which no man in the world must penetrate--the secret of my whole existence. and you think that i am going to send you back to that world which must know me no more? never! in retaining you, it is not you whom i guard--it is myself." these words indicated a resolution taken on the part of the commander, against which no arguments would prevail. "so, sir," i rejoined, "you give us simply the choice between life and death?" "simply." "my friends," said i, "to a question thus put, there is nothing to answer. but no word of honour binds us to the master of this vessel." "none, sir," answered the unknown. then, in a gentler tone, he continued: "now, permit me to finish what i have to say to you. i know you, m. aronnax. you and your companions will not, perhaps, have so much to complain of in the chance which has bound you to my fate. you will find amongst the books which are my favourite study the work which you have published on `the depths of the sea.' i have often read it. you have carried out your work as far as terrestrial science permitted you. but you do not know all--you have not seen all. let me tell you then, professor, that you will not regret the time passed on board my vessel. you are going to visit the land of marvels." these words of the commander had a great effect upon me. i cannot deny it. my weak point was touched; and i forgot, for a moment, that the contemplation of these sublime subjects was not worth the loss of liberty. besides, i trusted to the future to decide this grave question. so i contented myself with saying: "by what name ought i to address you?" "sir," replied the commander, "i am nothing to you but captain nemo; and you and your companions are nothing to me but the passengers of the nautilus." captain nemo called. a steward appeared. the captain gave him his orders in that strange language which i did not understand. then, turning towards the canadian and conseil: "a repast awaits you in your cabin," said he. "be so good as to follow this man. "and now, m. aronnax, our breakfast is ready. permit me to lead the way." "i am at your service, captain." i followed captain nemo; and as soon as i had passed through the door, i found myself in a kind of passage lighted by electricity, similar to the waist of a ship. after we had proceeded a dozen yards, a second door opened before me. i then entered a dining-room, decorated and furnished in severe taste. high oaken sideboards, inlaid with ebony, stood at the two extremities of the room, and upon their shelves glittered china, porcelain, and glass of inestimable value. the plate on the table sparkled in the rays which the luminous ceiling shed around, while the light was tempered and softened by exquisite paintings. in the centre of the room was a table richly laid out. captain nemo indicated the place i was to occupy. the breakfast consisted of a certain number of dishes, the contents of which were furnished by the sea alone; and i was ignorant of the nature and mode of preparation of some of them. i acknowledged that they were good, but they had a peculiar flavour, which i easily became accustomed to. these different aliments appeared to me to be rich in phosphorus, and i thought they must have a marine origin. captain nemo looked at me. i asked him no questions, but he guessed my thoughts, and answered of his own accord the questions which i was burning to address to him. "the greater part of these dishes are unknown to you," he said to me. "however, you may partake of them without fear. they are wholesome and nourishing. for a long time i have renounced the food of the earth, and i am never ill now. my crew, who are healthy, are fed on the same food." "so," said i, "all these eatables are the produce of the sea?" "yes, professor, the sea supplies all my wants. sometimes i cast my nets in tow, and i draw them in ready to break. sometimes i hunt in the midst of this element, which appears to be inaccessible to man, and quarry the game which dwells in my submarine forests. my flocks, like those of neptune's old shepherds, graze fearlessly in the immense prairies of the ocean. i have a vast property there, which i cultivate myself, and which is always sown by the hand of the creator of all things." "i can understand perfectly, sir, that your nets furnish excellent fish for your table; i can understand also that you hunt aquatic game in your submarine forests; but i cannot understand at all how a particle of meat, no matter how small, can figure in your bill of fare." "this, which you believe to be meat, professor, is nothing else than fillet of turtle. here are also some dolphins' livers, which you take to be ragout of pork. my cook is a clever fellow, who excels in dressing these various products of the ocean. taste all these dishes. here is a preserve of sea-cucumber, which a malay would declare to be unrivalled in the world; here is a cream, of which the milk has been furnished by the cetacea, and the sugar by the great fucus of the north sea; and, lastly, permit me to offer you some preserve of anemones, which is equal to that of the most delicious fruits." i tasted, more from curiosity than as a connoisseur, whilst captain nemo enchanted me with his extraordinary stories. "you like the sea, captain?" "yes; i love it! the sea is everything. it covers seven tenths of the terrestrial globe. its breath is pure and healthy. it is an immense desert, where man is never lonely, for he feels life stirring on all sides. the sea is only the embodiment of a supernatural and wonderful existence. it is nothing but love and emotion; it is the `living infinite,' as one of your poets has said. in fact, professor, nature manifests herself in it by her three kingdoms--mineral, vegetable, and animal. the sea is the vast reservoir of nature. the globe began with sea, so to speak; and who knows if it will not end with it? in it is supreme tranquillity. the sea does not belong to despots. upon its surface men can still exercise unjust laws, fight, tear one another to pieces, and be carried away with terrestrial horrors. but at thirty feet below its level, their reign ceases, their influence is quenched, and their power disappears. ah! sir, live--live in the bosom of the waters! there only is independence! there i recognise no masters! there i am free!" captain nemo suddenly became silent in the midst of this enthusiasm, by which he was quite carried away. for a few moments he paced up and down, much agitated. then he became more calm, regained his accustomed coldness of expression, and turning towards me: "now, professor," said he, "if you wish to go over the nautilus, i am at your service." captain nemo rose. i followed him. a double door, contrived at the back of the dining-room, opened, and i entered a room equal in dimensions to that which i had just quitted. it was a library. high pieces of furniture, of black violet ebony inlaid with brass, supported upon their wide shelves a great number of books uniformly bound. they followed the shape of the room, terminating at the lower part in huge divans, covered with brown leather, which were curved, to afford the greatest comfort. light movable desks, made to slide in and out at will, allowed one to rest one's book while reading. in the centre stood an immense table, covered with pamphlets, amongst which were some newspapers, already of old date. the electric light flooded everything; it was shed from four unpolished globes half sunk in the volutes of the ceiling. i looked with real admiration at this room, so ingeniously fitted up, and i could scarcely believe my eyes. "captain nemo," said i to my host, who had just thrown himself on one of the divans, "this is a library which would do honour to more than one of the continental palaces, and i am absolutely astounded when i consider that it can follow you to the bottom of the seas." "where could one find greater solitude or silence, professor?" replied captain nemo. "did your study in the museum afford you such perfect quiet?" "no, sir; and i must confess that it is a very poor one after yours. you must have six or seven thousand volumes here." "twelve thousand, m. aronnax. these are the only ties which bind me to the earth. but i had done with the world on the day when my nautilus plunged for the first time beneath the waters. that day i bought my last volumes, my last pamphlets, my last papers, and from that time i wish to think that men no longer think or write. these books, professor, are at your service besides, and you can make use of them freely." i thanked captain nemo, and went up to the shelves of the library. works on science, morals, and literature abounded in every language; but i did not see one single work on political economy; that subject appeared to be strictly proscribed. strange to say, all these books were irregularly arranged, in whatever language they were written; and this medley proved that the captain of the nautilus must have read indiscriminately the books which he took up by chance. "sir," said i to the captain, "i thank you for having placed this library at my disposal. it contains treasures of science, and i shall profit by them." "this room is not only a library," said captain nemo, "it is also a smoking-room." "a smoking-room!" i cried. "then one may smoke on board?" "certainly." "then, sir, i am forced to believe that you have kept up a communication with havannah." "not any," answered the captain. "accept this cigar, m. aronnax; and, though it does not come from havannah, you will be pleased with it, if you are a connoisseur." i took the cigar which was offered me; its shape recalled the london ones, but it seemed to be made of leaves of gold. i lighted it at a little brazier, which was supported upon an elegant bronze stem, and drew the first whiffs with the delight of a lover of smoking who has not smoked for two days. "it is excellent, but it is not tobacco." "no!" answered the captain, "this tobacco comes neither from havannah nor from the east. it is a kind of sea-weed, rich in nicotine, with which the sea provides me, but somewhat sparingly." at that moment captain nemo opened a door which stood opposite to that by which i had entered the library, and i passed into an immense drawing-room splendidly lighted. it was a vast, four-sided room, thirty feet long, eighteen wide, and fifteen high. a luminous ceiling, decorated with light arabesques, shed a soft clear light over all the marvels accumulated in this museum. for it was in fact a museum, in which an intelligent and prodigal hand had gathered all the treasures of nature and art, with the artistic confusion which distinguishes a painter's studio. thirty first-rate pictures, uniformly framed, separated by bright drapery, ornamented the walls, which were hung with tapestry of severe design. i saw works of great value, the greater part of which i had admired in the special collections of europe, and in the exhibitions of paintings. the several schools of the old masters were represented by a madonna of raphael, a virgin of leonardo da vinci, a nymph of corregio, a woman of titan, an adoration of veronese, an assumption of murillo, a portrait of holbein, a monk of velasquez, a martyr of ribera, a fair of rubens, two flemish landscapes of teniers, three little "genre" pictures of gerard dow, metsu, and paul potter, two specimens of gericault and prudhon, and some sea-pieces of backhuysen and vernet. amongst the works of modern painters were pictures with the signatures of delacroix, ingres, decamps, troyon, meissonier, daubigny, etc.; and some admirable statues in marble and bronze, after the finest antique models, stood upon pedestals in the corners of this magnificent museum. amazement, as the captain of the nautilus had predicted, had already begun to take possession of me. "professor," said this strange man, "you must excuse the unceremonious way in which i receive you, and the disorder of this room." "sir," i answered, "without seeking to know who you are, i recognise in you an artist." "an amateur, nothing more, sir. formerly i loved to collect these beautiful works created by the hand of man. i sought them greedily, and ferreted them out indefatigably, and i have been able to bring together some objects of great value. these are my last souvenirs of that world which is dead to me. in my eyes, your modern artists are already old; they have two or three thousand years of existence; i confound them in my own mind. masters have no age." "and these musicians?" said i, pointing out some works of weber, rossini, mozart, beethoven, haydn, meyerbeer, herold, wagner, auber, gounod, and a number of others, scattered over a large model piano-organ which occupied one of the panels of the drawing-room. "these musicians," replied captain nemo, "are the contemporaries of orpheus; for in the memory of the dead all chronological differences are effaced; and i am dead, professor; as much dead as those of your friends who are sleeping six feet under the earth!" captain nemo was silent, and seemed lost in a profound reverie. i contemplated him with deep interest, analysing in silence the strange expression of his countenance. leaning on his elbow against an angle of a costly mosaic table, he no longer saw me,--he had forgotten my presence. i did not disturb this reverie, and continued my observation of the curiosities which enriched this drawing-room. under elegant glass cases, fixed by copper rivets, were classed and labelled the most precious productions of the sea which had ever been presented to the eye of a naturalist. my delight as a professor may be conceived. the division containing the zoophytes presented the most curious specimens of the two groups of polypi and echinodermes. in the first group, the tubipores, were gorgones arranged like a fan, soft sponges of syria, ises of the moluccas, pennatules, an admirable virgularia of the norwegian seas, variegated unbellulairae, alcyonariae, a whole series of madrepores, which my master milne edwards has so cleverly classified, amongst which i remarked some wonderful flabellinae oculinae of the island of bourbon, the "neptune's car" of the antilles, superb varieties of corals--in short, every species of those curious polypi of which entire islands are formed, which will one day become continents. of the echinodermes, remarkable for their coating of spines, asteri, sea-stars, pantacrinae, comatules, asterophons, echini, holothuri, etc., represented individually a complete collection of this group. a somewhat nervous conchyliologist would certainly have fainted before other more numerous cases, in which were classified the specimens of molluscs. it was a collection of inestimable value, which time fails me to describe minutely. amongst these specimens i will quote from memory only the elegant royal hammer-fish of the indian ocean, whose regular white spots stood out brightly on a red and brown ground, an imperial spondyle, bright-coloured, bristling with spines, a rare specimen in the european museums--(i estimated its value at not less than l ); a common hammer-fish of the seas of new holland, which is only procured with difficulty; exotic buccardia of senegal; fragile white bivalve shells, which a breath might shatter like a soap-bubble; several varieties of the aspirgillum of java, a kind of calcareous tube, edged with leafy folds, and much debated by amateurs; a whole series of trochi, some a greenish-yellow, found in the american seas, others a reddish-brown, natives of australian waters; others from the gulf of mexico, remarkable for their imbricated shell; stellari found in the southern seas; and last, the rarest of all, the magnificent spur of new zealand; and every description of delicate and fragile shells to which science has given appropriate names. apart, in separate compartments, were spread out chaplets of pearls of the greatest beauty, which reflected the electric light in little sparks of fire; pink pearls, torn from the pinna-marina of the red sea; green pearls of the haliotyde iris; yellow, blue and black pearls, the curious productions of the divers molluscs of every ocean, and certain mussels of the water-courses of the north; lastly, several specimens of inestimable value which had been gathered from the rarest pintadines. some of these pearls were larger than a pigeon's egg, and were worth as much, and more than that which the traveller tavernier sold to the shah of persia for three millions, and surpassed the one in the possession of the imaum of muscat, which i had believed to be unrivalled in the world. therefore, to estimate the value of this collection was simply impossible. captain nemo must have expended millions in the acquirement of these various specimens, and i was thinking what source he could have drawn from, to have been able thus to gratify his fancy for collecting, when i was interrupted by these words: "you are examining my shells, professor? unquestionably they must be interesting to a naturalist; but for me they have a far greater charm, for i have collected them all with my own hand, and there is not a sea on the face of the globe which has escaped my researches." "i can understand, captain, the delight of wandering about in the midst of such riches. you are one of those who have collected their treasures themselves. no museum in europe possesses such a collection of the produce of the ocean. but if i exhaust all my admiration upon it, i shall have none left for the vessel which carries it. i do not wish to pry into your secrets: but i must confess that this nautilus, with the motive power which is confined in it, the contrivances which enable it to be worked, the powerful agent which propels it, all excite my curiosity to the highest pitch. i see suspended on the walls of this room instruments of whose use i am ignorant." "you will find these same instruments in my own room, professor, where i shall have much pleasure in explaining their use to you. but first come and inspect the cabin which is set apart for your own use. you must see how you will be accommodated on board the nautilus." i followed captain nemo who, by one of the doors opening from each panel of the drawing-room, regained the waist. he conducted me towards the bow, and there i found, not a cabin, but an elegant room, with a bed, dressing-table, and several other pieces of excellent furniture. i could only thank my host. "your room adjoins mine," said he, opening a door, "and mine opens into the drawing-room that we have just quitted." i entered the captain's room: it had a severe, almost a monkish aspect. a small iron bedstead, a table, some articles for the toilet; the whole lighted by a skylight. no comforts, the strictest necessaries only. captain nemo pointed to a seat. "be so good as to sit down," he said. i seated myself, and he began thus: chapter xi all by electricity "sir," said captain nemo, showing me the instruments hanging on the walls of his room, "here are the contrivances required for the navigation of the nautilus. here, as in the drawing-room, i have them always under my eyes, and they indicate my position and exact direction in the middle of the ocean. some are known to you, such as the thermometer, which gives the internal temperature of the nautilus; the barometer, which indicates the weight of the air and foretells the changes of the weather; the hygrometer, which marks the dryness of the atmosphere; the storm-glass, the contents of which, by decomposing, announce the approach of tempests; the compass, which guides my course; the sextant, which shows the latitude by the altitude of the sun; chronometers, by which i calculate the longitude; and glasses for day and night, which i use to examine the points of the horizon, when the nautilus rises to the surface of the waves." "these are the usual nautical instruments," i replied, "and i know the use of them. but these others, no doubt, answer to the particular requirements of the nautilus. this dial with movable needle is a manometer, is it not?" "it is actually a manometer. but by communication with the water, whose external pressure it indicates, it gives our depth at the same time." "and these other instruments, the use of which i cannot guess?" "here, professor, i ought to give you some explanations. will you be kind enough to listen to me?" he was silent for a few moments, then he said: "there is a powerful agent, obedient, rapid, easy, which conforms to every use, and reigns supreme on board my vessel. everything is done by means of it. it lights, warms it, and is the soul of my mechanical apparatus. this agent is electricity." "electricity?" i cried in surprise. "yes, sir." "nevertheless, captain, you possess an extreme rapidity of movement, which does not agree well with the power of electricity. until now, its dynamic force has remained under restraint, and has only been able to produce a small amount of power." "professor," said captain nemo, "my electricity is not everybody's. you know what sea-water is composed of. in a thousand grammes are found / per cent. of water, and about / per cent. of chloride of sodium; then, in a smaller quantity, chlorides of magnesium and of potassium, bromide of magnesium, sulphate of magnesia, sulphate and carbonate of lime. you see, then, that chloride of sodium forms a large part of it. so it is this sodium that i extract from the sea-water, and of which i compose my ingredients. i owe all to the ocean; it produces electricity, and electricity gives heat, light, motion, and, in a word, life to the nautilus." "but not the air you breathe?" "oh! i could manufacture the air necessary for my consumption, but it is useless, because i go up to the surface of the water when i please. however, if electricity does not furnish me with air to breathe, it works at least the powerful pumps that are stored in spacious reservoirs, and which enable me to prolong at need, and as long as i will, my stay in the depths of the sea. it gives a uniform and unintermittent light, which the sun does not. now look at this clock; it is electrical, and goes with a regularity that defies the best chronometers. i have divided it into twenty-four hours, like the italian clocks, because for me there is neither night nor day, sun nor moon, but only that factitious light that i take with me to the bottom of the sea. look! just now, it is ten o'clock in the morning." "exactly." "another application of electricity. this dial hanging in front of us indicates the speed of the nautilus. an electric thread puts it in communication with the screw, and the needle indicates the real speed. look! now we are spinning along with a uniform speed of fifteen miles an hour." "it is marvelous! and i see, captain, you were right to make use of this agent that takes the place of wind, water, and steam." "we have not finished, m. aronnax," said captain nemo, rising. "if you will allow me, we will examine the stern of the nautilus." really, i knew already the anterior part of this submarine boat, of which this is the exact division, starting from the ship's head: the dining-room, five yards long, separated from the library by a water-tight partition; the library, five yards long; the large drawing-room, ten yards long, separated from the captain's room by a second water-tight partition; the said room, five yards in length; mine, two and a half yards; and, lastly a reservoir of air, seven and a half yards, that extended to the bows. total length thirty five yards, or one hundred and five feet. the partitions had doors that were shut hermetically by means of india-rubber instruments, and they ensured the safety of the nautilus in case of a leak. i followed captain nemo through the waist, and arrived at the centre of the boat. there was a sort of well that opened between two partitions. an iron ladder, fastened with an iron hook to the partition, led to the upper end. i asked the captain what the ladder was used for. "it leads to the small boat," he said. "what! have you a boat?" i exclaimed, in surprise. "of course; an excellent vessel, light and insubmersible, that serves either as a fishing or as a pleasure boat." "but then, when you wish to embark, you are obliged to come to the surface of the water?" "not at all. this boat is attached to the upper part of the hull of the nautilus, and occupies a cavity made for it. it is decked, quite water-tight, and held together by solid bolts. this ladder leads to a man-hole made in the hull of the nautilus, that corresponds with a similar hole made in the side of the boat. by this double opening i get into the small vessel. they shut the one belonging to the nautilus; i shut the other by means of screw pressure. i undo the bolts, and the little boat goes up to the surface of the sea with prodigious rapidity. i then open the panel of the bridge, carefully shut till then; i mast it, hoist my sail, take my oars, and i'm off." "but how do you get back on board?" "i do not come back, m. aronnax; the nautilus comes to me." "by your orders?" "by my orders. an electric thread connects us. i telegraph to it, and that is enough." "really," i said, astonished at these marvels, "nothing can be more simple." after having passed by the cage of the staircase that led to the platform, i saw a cabin six feet long, in which conseil and ned land, enchanted with their repast, were devouring it with avidity. then a door opened into a kitchen nine feet long, situated between the large store-rooms. there electricity, better than gas itself, did all the cooking. the streams under the furnaces gave out to the sponges of platina a heat which was regularly kept up and distributed. they also heated a distilling apparatus, which, by evaporation, furnished excellent drinkable water. near this kitchen was a bathroom comfortably furnished, with hot and cold water taps. next to the kitchen was the berth-room of the vessel, sixteen feet long. but the door was shut, and i could not see the management of it, which might have given me an idea of the number of men employed on board the nautilus. at the bottom was a fourth partition that separated this office from the engine-room. a door opened, and i found myself in the compartment where captain nemo--certainly an engineer of a very high order--had arranged his locomotive machinery. this engine-room, clearly lighted, did not measure less than sixty-five feet in length. it was divided into two parts; the first contained the materials for producing electricity, and the second the machinery that connected it with the screw. i examined it with great interest, in order to understand the machinery of the nautilus. "you see," said the captain, "i use bunsen's contrivances, not ruhmkorff's. those would not have been powerful enough. bunsen's are fewer in number, but strong and large, which experience proves to be the best. the electricity produced passes forward, where it works, by electro-magnets of great size, on a system of levers and cog-wheels that transmit the movement to the axle of the screw. this one, the diameter of which is nineteen feet, and the thread twenty-three feet, performs about revolutions in a second." "and you get then?" "a speed of fifty miles an hour." "i have seen the nautilus manoeuvre before the abraham lincoln, and i have my own ideas as to its speed. but this is not enough. we must see where we go. we must be able to direct it to the right, to the left, above, below. how do you get to the great depths, where you find an increasing resistance, which is rated by hundreds of atmospheres? how do you return to the surface of the ocean? and how do you maintain yourselves in the requisite medium? am i asking too much?" "not at all, professor," replied the captain, with some hesitation; "since you may never leave this submarine boat. come into the saloon, it is our usual study, and there you will learn all you want to know about the nautilus." chapter xii some figures a moment after we were seated on a divan in the saloon smoking. the captain showed me a sketch that gave the plan, section, and elevation of the nautilus. then he began his description in these words: "here, m. aronnax, are the several dimensions of the boat you are in. it is an elongated cylinder with conical ends. it is very like a cigar in shape, a shape already adopted in london in several constructions of the same sort. the length of this cylinder, from stem to stern, is exactly feet, and its maximum breadth is twenty-six feet. it is not built quite like your long-voyage steamers, but its lines are sufficiently long, and its curves prolonged enough, to allow the water to slide off easily, and oppose no obstacle to its passage. these two dimensions enable you to obtain by a simple calculation the surface and cubic contents of the nautilus. its area measures , feet; and its contents about , cubic yards; that is to say, when completely immersed it displaces , feet of water, or weighs , tons. "when i made the plans for this submarine vessel, i meant that nine-tenths should be submerged: consequently it ought only to displace nine-tenths of its bulk, that is to say, only to weigh that number of tons. i ought not, therefore, to have exceeded that weight, constructing it on the aforesaid dimensions. "the nautilus is composed of two hulls, one inside, the other outside, joined by t-shaped irons, which render it very strong. indeed, owing to this cellular arrangement it resists like a block, as if it were solid. its sides cannot yield; it coheres spontaneously, and not by the closeness of its rivets; and its perfect union of the materials enables it to defy the roughest seas. "these two hulls are composed of steel plates, whose density is from . to . that of water. the first is not less than two inches and a half thick and weighs tons. the second envelope, the keel, twenty inches high and ten thick, weighs only sixty-two tons. the engine, the ballast, the several accessories and apparatus appendages, the partitions and bulkheads, weigh . tons. do you follow all this?" "i do." "then, when the nautilus is afloat under these circumstances, one-tenth is out of the water. now, if i have made reservoirs of a size equal to this tenth, or capable of holding tons, and if i fill them with water, the boat, weighing then , tons, will be completely immersed. that would happen, professor. these reservoirs are in the lower part of the nautilus. i turn on taps and they fill, and the vessel sinks that had just been level with the surface." "well, captain, but now we come to the real difficulty. i can understand your rising to the surface; but, diving below the surface, does not your submarine contrivance encounter a pressure, and consequently undergo an upward thrust of one atmosphere for every thirty feet of water, just about fifteen pounds per square inch?" "just so, sir." "then, unless you quite fill the nautilus, i do not see how you can draw it down to those depths." "professor, you must not confound statics with dynamics or you will be exposed to grave errors. there is very little labour spent in attaining the lower regions of the ocean, for all bodies have a tendency to sink. when i wanted to find out the necessary increase of weight required to sink the nautilus, i had only to calculate the reduction of volume that sea-water acquires according to the depth." "that is evident." "now, if water is not absolutely incompressible, it is at least capable of very slight compression. indeed, after the most recent calculations this reduction is only . of an atmosphere for each thirty feet of depth. if we want to sink , feet, i should keep account of the reduction of bulk under a pressure equal to that of a column of water of a thousand feet. the calculation is easily verified. now, i have supplementary reservoirs capable of holding a hundred tons. therefore i can sink to a considerable depth. when i wish to rise to the level of the sea, i only let off the water, and empty all the reservoirs if i want the nautilus to emerge from the tenth part of her total capacity." i had nothing to object to these reasonings. "i admit your calculations, captain," i replied; "i should be wrong to dispute them since daily experience confirms them; but i foresee a real difficulty in the way." "what, sir?" "when you are about , feet deep, the walls of the nautilus bear a pressure of atmospheres. if, then, just now you were to empty the supplementary reservoirs, to lighten the vessel, and to go up to the surface, the pumps must overcome the pressure of atmospheres, which is , lbs. per square inch. from that a power----" "that electricity alone can give," said the captain, hastily. "i repeat, sir, that the dynamic power of my engines is almost infinite. the pumps of the nautilus have an enormous power, as you must have observed when their jets of water burst like a torrent upon the abraham lincoln. besides, i use subsidiary reservoirs only to attain a mean depth of to , fathoms, and that with a view of managing my machines. also, when i have a mind to visit the depths of the ocean five or six mlles below the surface, i make use of slower but not less infallible means." "what are they, captain?" "that involves my telling you how the nautilus is worked." "i am impatient to learn." "to steer this boat to starboard or port, to turn, in a word, following a horizontal plan, i use an ordinary rudder fixed on the back of the stern-post, and with one wheel and some tackle to steer by. but i can also make the nautilus rise and sink, and sink and rise, by a vertical movement by means of two inclined planes fastened to its sides, opposite the centre of flotation, planes that move in every direction, and that are worked by powerful levers from the interior. if the planes are kept parallel with the boat, it moves horizontally. if slanted, the nautilus, according to this inclination, and under the influence of the screw, either sinks diagonally or rises diagonally as it suits me. and even if i wish to rise more quickly to the surface, i ship the screw, and the pressure of the water causes the nautilus to rise vertically like a balloon filled with hydrogen." "bravo, captain! but how can the steersman follow the route in the middle of the waters?" "the steersman is placed in a glazed box, that is raised about the hull of the nautilus, and furnished with lenses." "are these lenses capable of resisting such pressure?" "perfectly. glass, which breaks at a blow, is, nevertheless, capable of offering considerable resistance. during some experiments of fishing by electric light in in the northern seas, we saw plates less than a third of an inch thick resist a pressure of sixteen atmospheres. now, the glass that i use is not less than thirty times thicker." "granted. but, after all, in order to see, the light must exceed the darkness, and in the midst of the darkness in the water, how can you see?" "behind the steersman's cage is placed a powerful electric reflector, the rays from which light up the sea for half a mile in front." "ah! bravo, bravo, captain! now i can account for this phosphorescence in the supposed narwhal that puzzled us so. i now ask you if the boarding of the nautilus and of the scotia, that has made such a noise, has been the result of a chance rencontre?" "quite accidental, sir. i was sailing only one fathom below the surface of the water when the shock came. it had no bad result." "none, sir. but now, about your rencontre with the abraham lincoln?" "professor, i am sorry for one of the best vessels in the american navy; but they attacked me, and i was bound to defend myself. i contented myself, however, with putting the frigate hors de combat; she will not have any difficulty in getting repaired at the next port." "ah, commander! your nautilus is certainly a marvellous boat." "yes, professor; and i love it as if it were part of myself. if danger threatens one of your vessels on the ocean, the first impression is the feeling of an abyss above and below. on the nautilus men's hearts never fail them. no defects to be afraid of, for the double shell is as firm as iron; no rigging to attend to; no sails for the wind to carry away; no boilers to burst; no fire to fear, for the vessel is made of iron, not of wood; no coal to run short, for electricity is the only mechanical agent; no collision to fear, for it alone swims in deep water; no tempest to brave, for when it dives below the water it reaches absolute tranquillity. there, sir! that is the perfection of vessels! and if it is true that the engineer has more confidence in the vessel than the builder, and the builder than the captain himself, you understand the trust i repose in my nautilus; for i am at once captain, builder, and engineer." "but how could you construct this wonderful nautilus in secret?" "each separate portion, m. aronnax, was brought from different parts of the globe." "but these parts had to be put together and arranged?" "professor, i had set up my workshops upon a desert island in the ocean. there my workmen, that is to say, the brave men that i instructed and educated, and myself have put together our nautilus. then, when the work was finished, fire destroyed all trace of our proceedings on this island, that i could have jumped over if i had liked." "then the cost of this vessel is great?" "m. aronnax, an iron vessel costs l per ton. now the nautilus weighed , . it came therefore to l , , and l , more for fitting it up, and about l , , with the works of art and the collections it contains." "one last question, captain nemo." "ask it, professor." "you are rich?" "immensely rich, sir; and i could, without missing it, pay the national debt of france." i stared at the singular person who spoke thus. was he playing upon my credulity? the future would decide that. chapter xiii the black river the portion of the terrestrial globe which is covered by water is estimated at upwards of eighty millions of acres. this fluid mass comprises two billions two hundred and fifty millions of cubic miles, forming a spherical body of a diameter of sixty leagues, the weight of which would be three quintillions of tons. to comprehend the meaning of these figures, it is necessary to observe that a quintillion is to a billion as a billion is to unity; in other words, there are as many billions in a quintillion as there are units in a billion. this mass of fluid is equal to about the quantity of water which would be discharged by all the rivers of the earth in forty thousand years. during the geological epochs the ocean originally prevailed everywhere. then by degrees, in the silurian period, the tops of the mountains began to appear, the islands emerged, then disappeared in partial deluges, reappeared, became settled, formed continents, till at length the earth became geographically arranged, as we see in the present day. the solid had wrested from the liquid thirty-seven million six hundred and fifty-seven square miles, equal to twelve billions nine hundred and sixty millions of acres. the shape of continents allows us to divide the waters into five great portions: the arctic or frozen ocean, the antarctic, or frozen ocean, the indian, the atlantic, and the pacific oceans. the pacific ocean extends from north to south between the two polar circles, and from east to west between asia and america, over an extent of degrees of longitude. it is the quietest of seas; its currents are broad and slow, it has medium tides, and abundant rain. such was the ocean that my fate destined me first to travel over under these strange conditions. "sir," said captain nemo, "we will, if you please, take our bearings and fix the starting-point of this voyage. it is a quarter to twelve; i will go up again to the surface." the captain pressed an electric clock three times. the pumps began to drive the water from the tanks; the needle of the manometer marked by a different pressure the ascent of the nautilus, then it stopped. "we have arrived," said the captain. i went to the central staircase which opened on to the platform, clambered up the iron steps, and found myself on the upper part of the nautilus. the platform was only three feet out of water. the front and back of the nautilus was of that spindle-shape which caused it justly to be compared to a cigar. i noticed that its iron plates, slightly overlaying each other, resembled the shell which clothes the bodies of our large terrestrial reptiles. it explained to me how natural it was, in spite of all glasses, that this boat should have been taken for a marine animal. toward the middle of the platform the longboat, half buried in the hull of the vessel, formed a slight excrescence. fore and aft rose two cages of medium height with inclined sides, and partly closed by thick lenticular glasses; one destined for the steersman who directed the nautilus, the other containing a brilliant lantern to give light on the road. the sea was beautiful, the sky pure. scarcely could the long vehicle feel the broad undulations of the ocean. a light breeze from the east rippled the surface of the waters. the horizon, free from fog, made observation easy. nothing was in sight. not a quicksand, not an island. a vast desert. captain nemo, by the help of his sextant, took the altitude of the sun, which ought also to give the latitude. he waited for some moments till its disc touched the horizon. whilst taking observations not a muscle moved, the instrument could not have been more motionless in a hand of marble. "twelve o'clock, sir," said he. "when you like----" i cast a last look upon the sea, slightly yellowed by the japanese coast, and descended to the saloon. "and now, sir, i leave you to your studies," added the captain; "our course is e.n.e., our depth is twenty-six fathoms. here are maps on a large scale by which you may follow it. the saloon is at your disposal, and, with your permission, i will retire." captain nemo bowed, and i remained alone, lost in thoughts all bearing on the commander of the nautilus. for a whole hour was i deep in these reflections, seeking to pierce this mystery so interesting to me. then my eyes fell upon the vast planisphere spread upon the table, and i placed my finger on the very spot where the given latitude and longitude crossed. the sea has its large rivers like the continents. they are special currents known by their temperature and their colour. the most remarkable of these is known by the name of the gulf stream. science has decided on the globe the direction of five principal currents: one in the north atlantic, a second in the south, a third in the north pacific, a fourth in the south, and a fifth in the southern indian ocean. it is even probable that a sixth current existed at one time or another in the northern indian ocean, when the caspian and aral seas formed but one vast sheet of water. at this point indicated on the planisphere one of these currents was rolling, the kuro-scivo of the japanese, the black river, which, leaving the gulf of bengal, where it is warmed by the perpendicular rays of a tropical sun, crosses the straits of malacca along the coast of asia, turns into the north pacific to the aleutian islands, carrying with it trunks of camphor-trees and other indigenous productions, and edging the waves of the ocean with the pure indigo of its warm water. it was this current that the nautilus was to follow. i followed it with my eye; saw it lose itself in the vastness of the pacific, and felt myself drawn with it, when ned land and conseil appeared at the door of the saloon. my two brave companions remained petrified at the sight of the wonders spread before them. "where are we, where are we?" exclaimed the canadian. "in the museum at quebec?" "my friends," i answered, making a sign for them to enter, "you are not in canada, but on board the nautilus, fifty yards below the level of the sea." "but, m. aronnax," said ned land, "can you tell me how many men there are on board? ten, twenty, fifty, a hundred?" "i cannot answer you, mr. land; it is better to abandon for a time all idea of seizing the nautilus or escaping from it. this ship is a masterpiece of modern industry, and i should be sorry not to have seen it. many people would accept the situation forced upon us, if only to move amongst such wonders. so be quiet and let us try and see what passes around us." "see!" exclaimed the harpooner, "but we can see nothing in this iron prison! we are walking--we are sailing--blindly." ned land had scarcely pronounced these words when all was suddenly darkness. the luminous ceiling was gone, and so rapidly that my eyes received a painful impression. we remained mute, not stirring, and not knowing what surprise awaited us, whether agreeable or disagreeable. a sliding noise was heard: one would have said that panels were working at the sides of the nautilus. "it is the end of the end!" said ned land. suddenly light broke at each side of the saloon, through two oblong openings. the liquid mass appeared vividly lit up by the electric gleam. two crystal plates separated us from the sea. at first i trembled at the thought that this frail partition might break, but strong bands of copper bound them, giving an almost infinite power of resistance. the sea was distinctly visible for a mile all round the nautilus. what a spectacle! what pen can describe it? who could paint the effects of the light through those transparent sheets of water, and the softness of the successive gradations from the lower to the superior strata of the ocean? we know the transparency of the sea and that its clearness is far beyond that of rock-water. the mineral and organic substances which it holds in suspension heightens its transparency. in certain parts of the ocean at the antilles, under seventy-five fathoms of water, can be seen with surprising clearness a bed of sand. the penetrating power of the solar rays does not seem to cease for a depth of one hundred and fifty fathoms. but in this middle fluid travelled over by the nautilus, the electric brightness was produced even in the bosom of the waves. it was no longer luminous water, but liquid light. on each side a window opened into this unexplored abyss. the obscurity of the saloon showed to advantage the brightness outside, and we looked out as if this pure crystal had been the glass of an immense aquarium. "you wished to see, friend ned; well, you see now." "curious! curious!" muttered the canadian, who, forgetting his ill-temper, seemed to submit to some irresistible attraction; "and one would come further than this to admire such a sight!" "ah!" thought i to myself, "i understand the life of this man; he has made a world apart for himself, in which he treasures all his greatest wonders." for two whole hours an aquatic army escorted the nautilus. during their games, their bounds, while rivalling each other in beauty, brightness, and velocity, i distinguished the green labre; the banded mullet, marked by a double line of black; the round-tailed goby, of a white colour, with violet spots on the back; the japanese scombrus, a beautiful mackerel of these seas, with a blue body and silvery head; the brilliant azurors, whose name alone defies description; some banded spares, with variegated fins of blue and yellow; the woodcocks of the seas, some specimens of which attain a yard in length; japanese salamanders, spider lampreys, serpents six feet long, with eyes small and lively, and a huge mouth bristling with teeth; with many other species. our imagination was kept at its height, interjections followed quickly on each other. ned named the fish, and conseil classed them. i was in ecstasies with the vivacity of their movements and the beauty of their forms. never had it been given to me to surprise these animals, alive and at liberty, in their natural element. i will not mention all the varieties which passed before my dazzled eyes, all the collection of the seas of china and japan. these fish, more numerous than the birds of the air, came, attracted, no doubt, by the brilliant focus of the electric light. suddenly there was daylight in the saloon, the iron panels closed again, and the enchanting vision disappeared. but for a long time i dreamt on, till my eyes fell on the instruments hanging on the partition. the compass still showed the course to be e.n.e., the manometer indicated a pressure of five atmospheres, equivalent to a depth of twenty five fathoms, and the electric log gave a speed of fifteen miles an hour. i expected captain nemo, but he did not appear. the clock marked the hour of five. ned land and conseil returned to their cabin, and i retired to my chamber. my dinner was ready. it was composed of turtle soup made of the most delicate hawks bills, of a surmullet served with puff paste (the liver of which, prepared by itself, was most delicious), and fillets of the emperor-holocanthus, the savour of which seemed to me superior even to salmon. i passed the evening reading, writing, and thinking. then sleep overpowered me, and i stretched myself on my couch of zostera, and slept profoundly, whilst the nautilus was gliding rapidly through the current of the black river. chapter xiv a note of invitation the next day was the th of november. i awoke after a long sleep of twelve hours. conseil came, according to custom, to know "how i passed the night," and to offer his services. he had left his friend the canadian sleeping like a man who had never done anything else all his life. i let the worthy fellow chatter as he pleased, without caring to answer him. i was preoccupied by the absence of the captain during our sitting of the day before, and hoping to see him to-day. as soon as i was dressed i went into the saloon. it was deserted. i plunged into the study of the shell treasures hidden behind the glasses. the whole day passed without my being honoured by a visit from captain nemo. the panels of the saloon did not open. perhaps they did not wish us to tire of these beautiful things. the course of the nautilus was e.n.e., her speed twelve knots, the depth below the surface between twenty-five and thirty fathoms. the next day, th of november, the same desertion, the same solitude. i did not see one of the ship's crew: ned and conseil spent the greater part of the day with me. they were astonished at the puzzling absence of the captain. was this singular man ill?--had he altered his intentions with regard to us? after all, as conseil said, we enjoyed perfect liberty, we were delicately and abundantly fed. our host kept to his terms of the treaty. we could not complain, and, indeed, the singularity of our fate reserved such wonderful compensation for us that we had no right to accuse it as yet. that day i commenced the journal of these adventures which has enabled me to relate them with more scrupulous exactitude and minute detail. th november, early in the morning. the fresh air spreading over the interior of the nautilus told me that we had come to the surface of the ocean to renew our supply of oxygen. i directed my steps to the central staircase, and mounted the platform. it was six o'clock, the weather was cloudy, the sea grey, but calm. scarcely a billow. captain nemo, whom i hoped to meet, would he be there? i saw no one but the steersman imprisoned in his glass cage. seated upon the projection formed by the hull of the pinnace, i inhaled the salt breeze with delight. by degrees the fog disappeared under the action of the sun's rays, the radiant orb rose from behind the eastern horizon. the sea flamed under its glance like a train of gunpowder. the clouds scattered in the heights were coloured with lively tints of beautiful shades, and numerous "mare's tails," which betokened wind for that day. but what was wind to this nautilus, which tempests could not frighten! i was admiring this joyous rising of the sun, so gay, and so life-giving, when i heard steps approaching the platform. i was prepared to salute captain nemo, but it was his second (whom i had already seen on the captain's first visit) who appeared. he advanced on the platform, not seeming to see me. with his powerful glass to his eye, he scanned every point of the horizon with great attention. this examination over, he approached the panel and pronounced a sentence in exactly these terms. i have remembered it, for every morning it was repeated under exactly the same conditions. it was thus worded: "nautron respoc lorni virch." what it meant i could not say. these words pronounced, the second descended. i thought that the nautilus was about to return to its submarine navigation. i regained the panel and returned to my chamber. five days sped thus, without any change in our situation. every morning i mounted the platform. the same phrase was pronounced by the same individual. but captain nemo did not appear. i had made up my mind that i should never see him again, when, on the th november, on returning to my room with ned and conseil, i found upon my table a note addressed to me. i opened it impatiently. it was written in a bold, clear hand, the characters rather pointed, recalling the german type. the note was worded as follows: to professor aronnax, on board the nautilus. th of november, . captain nemo invites professor aronnax to a hunting-party, which will take place to-morrow morning in the forests of the island of crespo. he hopes that nothing will prevent the professor from being present, and he will with pleasure see him joined by his companions. captain nemo, commander of the nautilus. "a hunt!" exclaimed ned. "and in the forests of the island of crespo!" added conseil. "oh! then the gentleman is going on terra firma?" replied ned land. "that seems to me to be clearly indicated," said i, reading the letter once more. "well, we must accept," said the canadian. "but once more on dry ground, we shall know what to do. indeed, i shall not be sorry to eat a piece of fresh venison." without seeking to reconcile what was contradictory between captain nemo's manifest aversion to islands and continents, and his invitation to hunt in a forest, i contented myself with replying: "let us first see where the island of crespo is." i consulted the planisphere, and in ° ' n. lat. and ° ' w. long., i found a small island, recognised in by captain crespo, and marked in the ancient spanish maps as rocca de la plata, the meaning of which is the silver rock. we were then about eighteen hundred miles from our starting-point, and the course of the nautilus, a little changed, was bringing it back towards the southeast. i showed this little rock, lost in the midst of the north pacific, to my companions. "if captain nemo does sometimes go on dry ground," said i, "he at least chooses desert islands." ned land shrugged his shoulders without speaking, and conseil and he left me. after supper, which was served by the steward, mute and impassive, i went to bed, not without some anxiety. the next morning, the th of november, on awakening, i felt that the nautilus was perfectly still. i dressed quickly and entered the saloon. captain nemo was there, waiting for me. he rose, bowed, and asked me if it was convenient for me to accompany him. as he made no allusion to his absence during the last eight days, i did not mention it, and simply answered that my companions and myself were ready to follow him. we entered the dining-room, where breakfast was served. "m. aronnax," said the captain, "pray, share my breakfast without ceremony; we will chat as we eat. for, though i promised you a walk in the forest, i did not undertake to find hotels there. so breakfast as a man who will most likely not have his dinner till very late." i did honour to the repast. it was composed of several kinds of fish, and slices of sea-cucumber, and different sorts of seaweed. our drink consisted of pure water, to which the captain added some drops of a fermented liquor, extracted by the kamschatcha method from a seaweed known under the name of rhodomenia palmata. captain nemo ate at first without saying a word. then he began: "sir, when i proposed to you to hunt in my submarine forest of crespo, you evidently thought me mad. sir, you should never judge lightly of any man." "but captain, believe me----" "be kind enough to listen, and you will then see whether you have any cause to accuse me of folly and contradiction." "i listen." "you know as well as i do, professor, that man can live under water, providing he carries with him a sufficient supply of breathable air. in submarine works, the workman, clad in an impervious dress, with his head in a metal helmet, receives air from above by means of forcing pumps and regulators." "that is a diving apparatus," said i. "just so, but under these conditions the man is not at liberty; he is attached to the pump which sends him air through an india-rubber tube, and if we were obliged to be thus held to the nautilus, we could not go far." "and the means of getting free?" i asked. "it is to use the rouquayrol apparatus, invented by two of your own countrymen, which i have brought to perfection for my own use, and which will allow you to risk yourself under these new physiological conditions without any organ whatever suffering. it consists of a reservoir of thick iron plates, in which i store the air under a pressure of fifty atmospheres. this reservoir is fixed on the back by means of braces, like a soldier's knapsack. its upper part forms a box in which the air is kept by means of a bellows, and therefore cannot escape unless at its normal tension. in the rouquayrol apparatus such as we use, two india rubber pipes leave this box and join a sort of tent which holds the nose and mouth; one is to introduce fresh air, the other to let out the foul, and the tongue closes one or the other according to the wants of the respirator. but i, in encountering great pressures at the bottom of the sea, was obliged to shut my head, like that of a diver in a ball of copper; and it is to this ball of copper that the two pipes, the inspirator and the expirator, open." "perfectly, captain nemo; but the air that you carry with you must soon be used; when it only contains fifteen per cent. of oxygen it is no longer fit to breathe." "right! but i told you, m. aronnax, that the pumps of the nautilus allow me to store the air under considerable pressure, and on those conditions the reservoir of the apparatus can furnish breathable air for nine or ten hours." "i have no further objections to make," i answered. "i will only ask you one thing, captain--how can you light your road at the bottom of the sea?" "with the ruhmkorff apparatus, m. aronnax; one is carried on the back, the other is fastened to the waist. it is composed of a bunsen pile, which i do not work with bichromate of potash, but with sodium. a wire is introduced which collects the electricity produced, and directs it towards a particularly made lantern. in this lantern is a spiral glass which contains a small quantity of carbonic gas. when the apparatus is at work this gas becomes luminous, giving out a white and continuous light. thus provided, i can breathe and i can see." "captain nemo, to all my objections you make such crushing answers that i dare no longer doubt. but, if i am forced to admit the rouquayrol and ruhmkorff apparatus, i must be allowed some reservations with regard to the gun i am to carry." "but it is not a gun for powder," answered the captain. "then it is an air-gun." "doubtless! how would you have me manufacture gun powder on board, without either saltpetre, sulphur, or charcoal?" "besides," i added, "to fire under water in a medium eight hundred and fifty-five times denser than the air, we must conquer very considerable resistance." "that would be no difficulty. there exist guns, according to fulton, perfected in england by philip coles and burley, in france by furcy, and in italy by landi, which are furnished with a peculiar system of closing, which can fire under these conditions. but i repeat, having no powder, i use air under great pressure, which the pumps of the nautilus furnish abundantly." "but this air must be rapidly used?" "well, have i not my rouquayrol reservoir, which can furnish it at need? a tap is all that is required. besides m. aronnax, you must see yourself that, during our submarine hunt, we can spend but little air and but few balls." "but it seems to me that in this twilight, and in the midst of this fluid, which is very dense compared with the atmosphere, shots could not go far, nor easily prove mortal." "sir, on the contrary, with this gun every blow is mortal; and, however lightly the animal is touched, it falls as if struck by a thunderbolt." "why?" "because the balls sent by this gun are not ordinary balls, but little cases of glass. these glass cases are covered with a case of steel, and weighted with a pellet of lead; they are real leyden bottles, into which the electricity is forced to a very high tension. with the slightest shock they are discharged, and the animal, however strong it may be, falls dead. i must tell you that these cases are size number four, and that the charge for an ordinary gun would be ten." "i will argue no longer," i replied, rising from the table. "i have nothing left me but to take my gun. at all events, i will go where you go." captain nemo then led me aft; and in passing before ned's and conseil's cabin, i called my two companions, who followed promptly. we then came to a cell near the machinery-room, in which we put on our walking-dress. chapter xv a walk on the bottom of the sea this cell was, to speak correctly, the arsenal and wardrobe of the nautilus. a dozen diving apparatuses hung from the partition waiting our use. ned land, on seeing them, showed evident repugnance to dress himself in one. "but, my worthy ned, the forests of the island of crespo are nothing but submarine forests." "good!" said the disappointed harpooner, who saw his dreams of fresh meat fade away. "and you, m. aronnax, are you going to dress yourself in those clothes?" "there is no alternative, master ned." "as you please, sir," replied the harpooner, shrugging his shoulders; "but, as for me, unless i am forced, i will never get into one." "no one will force you, master ned," said captain nemo. "is conseil going to risk it?" asked ned. "i follow my master wherever he goes," replied conseil. at the captain's call two of the ship's crew came to help us dress in these heavy and impervious clothes, made of india-rubber without seam, and constructed expressly to resist considerable pressure. one would have thought it a suit of armour, both supple and resisting. this suit formed trousers and waistcoat. the trousers were finished off with thick boots, weighted with heavy leaden soles. the texture of the waistcoat was held together by bands of copper, which crossed the chest, protecting it from the great pressure of the water, and leaving the lungs free to act; the sleeves ended in gloves, which in no way restrained the movement of the hands. there was a vast difference noticeable between these consummate apparatuses and the old cork breastplates, jackets, and other contrivances in vogue during the eighteenth century. captain nemo and one of his companions (a sort of hercules, who must have possessed great strength), conseil and myself were soon enveloped in the dresses. there remained nothing more to be done but to enclose our heads in the metal box. but, before proceeding to this operation, i asked the captain's permission to examine the guns. one of the nautilus men gave me a simple gun, the butt end of which, made of steel, hollow in the centre, was rather large. it served as a reservoir for compressed air, which a valve, worked by a spring, allowed to escape into a metal tube. a box of projectiles in a groove in the thickness of the butt end contained about twenty of these electric balls, which, by means of a spring, were forced into the barrel of the gun. as soon as one shot was fired, another was ready. "captain nemo," said i, "this arm is perfect, and easily handled: i only ask to be allowed to try it. but how shall we gain the bottom of the sea?" "at this moment, professor, the nautilus is stranded in five fathoms, and we have nothing to do but to start." "but how shall we get off?" "you shall see." captain nemo thrust his head into the helmet, conseil and i did the same, not without hearing an ironical "good sport!" from the canadian. the upper part of our dress terminated in a copper collar upon which was screwed the metal helmet. three holes, protected by thick glass, allowed us to see in all directions, by simply turning our head in the interior of the head-dress. as soon as it was in position, the rouquayrol apparatus on our backs began to act; and, for my part, i could breathe with ease. with the ruhmkorff lamp hanging from my belt, and the gun in my hand, i was ready to set out. but to speak the truth, imprisoned in these heavy garments, and glued to the deck by my leaden soles, it was impossible for me to take a step. but this state of things was provided for. i felt myself being pushed into a little room contiguous to the wardrobe room. my companions followed, towed along in the same way. i heard a water-tight door, furnished with stopper plates, close upon us, and we were wrapped in profound darkness. after some minutes, a loud hissing was heard. i felt the cold mount from my feet to my chest. evidently from some part of the vessel they had, by means of a tap, given entrance to the water, which was invading us, and with which the room was soon filled. a second door cut in the side of the nautilus then opened. we saw a faint light. in another instant our feet trod the bottom of the sea. and now, how can i retrace the impression left upon me by that walk under the waters? words are impotent to relate such wonders! captain nemo walked in front, his companion followed some steps behind. conseil and i remained near each other, as if an exchange of words had been possible through our metallic cases. i no longer felt the weight of my clothing, or of my shoes, of my reservoir of air, or my thick helmet, in the midst of which my head rattled like an almond in its shell. the light, which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean, astonished me by its power. the solar rays shone through the watery mass easily, and dissipated all colour, and i clearly distinguished objects at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards. beyond that the tints darkened into fine gradations of ultramarine, and faded into vague obscurity. truly this water which surrounded me was but another air denser than the terrestrial atmosphere, but almost as transparent. above me was the calm surface of the sea. we were walking on fine, even sand, not wrinkled, as on a flat shore, which retains the impression of the billows. this dazzling carpet, really a reflector, repelled the rays of the sun with wonderful intensity, which accounted for the vibration which penetrated every atom of liquid. shall i be believed when i say that, at the depth of thirty feet, i could see as if i was in broad daylight? for a quarter of an hour i trod on this sand, sown with the impalpable dust of shells. the hull of the nautilus, resembling a long shoal, disappeared by degrees; but its lantern, when darkness should overtake us in the waters, would help to guide us on board by its distinct rays. soon forms of objects outlined in the distance were discernible. i recognised magnificent rocks, hung with a tapestry of zoophytes of the most beautiful kind, and i was at first struck by the peculiar effect of this medium. it was then ten in the morning; the rays of the sun struck the surface of the waves at rather an oblique angle, and at the touch of their light, decomposed by refraction as through a prism, flowers, rocks, plants, shells, and polypi were shaded at the edges by the seven solar colours. it was marvellous, a feast for the eyes, this complication of coloured tints, a perfect kaleidoscope of green, yellow, orange, violet, indigo, and blue; in one word, the whole palette of an enthusiastic colourist! why could i not communicate to conseil the lively sensations which were mounting to my brain, and rival him in expressions of admiration? for aught i knew, captain nemo and his companion might be able to exchange thoughts by means of signs previously agreed upon. so, for want of better, i talked to myself; i declaimed in the copper box which covered my head, thereby expending more air in vain words than was perhaps wise. various kinds of isis, clusters of pure tuft-coral, prickly fungi, and anemones formed a brilliant garden of flowers, decked with their collarettes of blue tentacles, sea-stars studding the sandy bottom. it was a real grief to me to crush under my feet the brilliant specimens of molluscs which strewed the ground by thousands, of hammerheads, donaciae (veritable bounding shells), of staircases, and red helmet-shells, angel-wings, and many others produced by this inexhaustible ocean. but we were bound to walk, so we went on, whilst above our heads waved medusae whose umbrellas of opal or rose-pink, escalloped with a band of blue, sheltered us from the rays of the sun and fiery pelagiae, which, in the darkness, would have strewn our path with phosphorescent light. all these wonders i saw in the space of a quarter of a mile, scarcely stopping, and following captain nemo, who beckoned me on by signs. soon the nature of the soil changed; to the sandy plain succeeded an extent of slimy mud which the americans call "ooze," composed of equal parts of silicious and calcareous shells. we then travelled over a plain of seaweed of wild and luxuriant vegetation. this sward was of close texture, and soft to the feet, and rivalled the softest carpet woven by the hand of man. but whilst verdure was spread at our feet, it did not abandon our heads. a light network of marine plants, of that inexhaustible family of seaweeds of which more than two thousand kinds are known, grew on the surface of the water. i noticed that the green plants kept nearer the top of the sea, whilst the red were at a greater depth, leaving to the black or brown the care of forming gardens and parterres in the remote beds of the ocean. we had quitted the nautilus about an hour and a half. it was near noon; i knew by the perpendicularity of the sun's rays, which were no longer refracted. the magical colours disappeared by degrees, and the shades of emerald and sapphire were effaced. we walked with a regular step, which rang upon the ground with astonishing intensity; the slightest noise was transmitted with a quickness to which the ear is unaccustomed on the earth; indeed, water is a better conductor of sound than air, in the ratio of four to one. at this period the earth sloped downwards; the light took a uniform tint. we were at a depth of a hundred and five yards and twenty inches, undergoing a pressure of six atmospheres. at this depth i could still see the rays of the sun, though feebly; to their intense brilliancy had succeeded a reddish twilight, the lowest state between day and night; but we could still see well enough; it was not necessary to resort to the ruhmkorff apparatus as yet. at this moment captain nemo stopped; he waited till i joined him, and then pointed to an obscure mass, looming in the shadow, at a short distance. "it is the forest of the island of crespo," thought i; and i was not mistaken. chapter xvi a submarine forest we had at last arrived on the borders of this forest, doubtless one of the finest of captain nemo's immense domains. he looked upon it as his own, and considered he had the same right over it that the first men had in the first days of the world. and, indeed, who would have disputed with him the possession of this submarine property? what other hardier pioneer would come, hatchet in hand, to cut down the dark copses? this forest was composed of large tree-plants; and the moment we penetrated under its vast arcades, i was struck by the singular position of their branches--a position i had not yet observed. not an herb which carpeted the ground, not a branch which clothed the trees, was either broken or bent, nor did they extend horizontally; all stretched up to the surface of the ocean. not a filament, not a ribbon, however thin they might be, but kept as straight as a rod of iron. the fuci and llianas grew in rigid perpendicular lines, due to the density of the element which had produced them. motionless yet, when bent to one side by the hand, they directly resumed their former position. truly it was the region of perpendicularity! i soon accustomed myself to this fantastic position, as well as to the comparative darkness which surrounded us. the soil of the forest seemed covered with sharp blocks, difficult to avoid. the submarine flora struck me as being very perfect, and richer even than it would have been in the arctic or tropical zones, where these productions are not so plentiful. but for some minutes i involuntarily confounded the genera, taking animals for plants; and who would not have been mistaken? the fauna and the flora are too closely allied in this submarine world. these plants are self-propagated, and the principle of their existence is in the water, which upholds and nourishes them. the greater number, instead of leaves, shoot forth blades of capricious shapes, comprised within a scale of colours pink, carmine, green, olive, fawn, and brown. "curious anomaly, fantastic element!" said an ingenious naturalist, "in which the animal kingdom blossoms, and the vegetable does not!" in about an hour captain nemo gave the signal to halt; i, for my part, was not sorry, and we stretched ourselves under an arbour of alariae, the long thin blades of which stood up like arrows. this short rest seemed delicious to me; there was nothing wanting but the charm of conversation; but, impossible to speak, impossible to answer, i only put my great copper head to conseil's. i saw the worthy fellow's eyes glistening with delight, and, to show his satisfaction, he shook himself in his breastplate of air, in the most comical way in the world. after four hours of this walking, i was surprised not to find myself dreadfully hungry. how to account for this state of the stomach i could not tell. but instead i felt an insurmountable desire to sleep, which happens to all divers. and my eyes soon closed behind the thick glasses, and i fell into a heavy slumber, which the movement alone had prevented before. captain nemo and his robust companion, stretched in the clear crystal, set us the example. how long i remained buried in this drowsiness i cannot judge, but, when i woke, the sun seemed sinking towards the horizon. captain nemo had already risen, and i was beginning to stretch my limbs, when an unexpected apparition brought me briskly to my feet. a few steps off, a monstrous sea-spider, about thirty-eight inches high, was watching me with squinting eyes, ready to spring upon me. though my diver's dress was thick enough to defend me from the bite of this animal, i could not help shuddering with horror. conseil and the sailor of the nautilus awoke at this moment. captain nemo pointed out the hideous crustacean, which a blow from the butt end of the gun knocked over, and i saw the horrible claws of the monster writhe in terrible convulsions. this incident reminded me that other animals more to be feared might haunt these obscure depths, against whose attacks my diving-dress would not protect me. i had never thought of it before, but i now resolved to be upon my guard. indeed, i thought that this halt would mark the termination of our walk; but i was mistaken, for, instead of returning to the nautilus, captain nemo continued his bold excursion. the ground was still on the incline, its declivity seemed to be getting greater, and to be leading us to greater depths. it must have been about three o'clock when we reached a narrow valley, between high perpendicular walls, situated about seventy-five fathoms deep. thanks to the perfection of our apparatus, we were forty-five fathoms below the limit which nature seems to have imposed on man as to his submarine excursions. i say seventy-five fathoms, though i had no instrument by which to judge the distance. but i knew that even in the clearest waters the solar rays could not penetrate further. and accordingly the darkness deepened. at ten paces not an object was visible. i was groping my way, when i suddenly saw a brilliant white light. captain nemo had just put his electric apparatus into use; his companion did the same, and conseil and i followed their example. by turning a screw i established a communication between the wire and the spiral glass, and the sea, lit by our four lanterns, was illuminated for a circle of thirty-six yards. as we walked i thought the light of our ruhmkorff apparatus could not fail to draw some inhabitant from its dark couch. but if they did approach us, they at least kept at a respectful distance from the hunters. several times i saw captain nemo stop, put his gun to his shoulder, and after some moments drop it and walk on. at last, after about four hours, this marvellous excursion came to an end. a wall of superb rocks, in an imposing mass, rose before us, a heap of gigantic blocks, an enormous, steep granite shore, forming dark grottos, but which presented no practicable slope; it was the prop of the island of crespo. it was the earth! captain nemo stopped suddenly. a gesture of his brought us all to a halt; and, however desirous i might be to scale the wall, i was obliged to stop. here ended captain nemo's domains. and he would not go beyond them. further on was a portion of the globe he might not trample upon. the return began. captain nemo had returned to the head of his little band, directing their course without hesitation. i thought we were not following the same road to return to the nautilus. the new road was very steep, and consequently very painful. we approached the surface of the sea rapidly. but this return to the upper strata was not so sudden as to cause relief from the pressure too rapidly, which might have produced serious disorder in our organisation, and brought on internal lesions, so fatal to divers. very soon light reappeared and grew, and, the sun being low on the horizon, the refraction edged the different objects with a spectral ring. at ten yards and a half deep, we walked amidst a shoal of little fishes of all kinds, more numerous than the birds of the air, and also more agile; but no aquatic game worthy of a shot had as yet met our gaze, when at that moment i saw the captain shoulder his gun quickly, and follow a moving object into the shrubs. he fired; i heard a slight hissing, and a creature fell stunned at some distance from us. it was a magnificent sea-otter, an enhydrus, the only exclusively marine quadruped. this otter was five feet long, and must have been very valuable. its skin, chestnut-brown above and silvery underneath, would have made one of those beautiful furs so sought after in the russian and chinese markets: the fineness and the lustre of its coat would certainly fetch l . i admired this curious mammal, with its rounded head ornamented with short ears, its round eyes, and white whiskers like those of a cat, with webbed feet and nails, and tufted tail. this precious animal, hunted and tracked by fishermen, has now become very rare, and taken refuge chiefly in the northern parts of the pacific, or probably its race would soon become extinct. captain nemo's companion took the beast, threw it over his shoulder, and we continued our journey. for one hour a plain of sand lay stretched before us. sometimes it rose to within two yards and some inches of the surface of the water. i then saw our image clearly reflected, drawn inversely, and above us appeared an identical group reflecting our movements and our actions; in a word, like us in every point, except that they walked with their heads downward and their feet in the air. another effect i noticed, which was the passage of thick clouds which formed and vanished rapidly; but on reflection i understood that these seeming clouds were due to the varying thickness of the reeds at the bottom, and i could even see the fleecy foam which their broken tops multiplied on the water, and the shadows of large birds passing above our heads, whose rapid flight i could discern on the surface of the sea. on this occasion i was witness to one of the finest gun shots which ever made the nerves of a hunter thrill. a large bird of great breadth of wing, clearly visible, approached, hovering over us. captain nemo's companion shouldered his gun and fired, when it was only a few yards above the waves. the creature fell stunned, and the force of its fall brought it within the reach of dexterous hunter's grasp. it was an albatross of the finest kind. our march had not been interrupted by this incident. for two hours we followed these sandy plains, then fields of algae very disagreeable to cross. candidly, i could do no more when i saw a glimmer of light, which, for a half mile, broke the darkness of the waters. it was the lantern of the nautilus. before twenty minutes were over we should be on board, and i should be able to breathe with ease, for it seemed that my reservoir supplied air very deficient in oxygen. but i did not reckon on an accidental meeting which delayed our arrival for some time. i had remained some steps behind, when i presently saw captain nemo coming hurriedly towards me. with his strong hand he bent me to the ground, his companion doing the same to conseil. at first i knew not what to think of this sudden attack, but i was soon reassured by seeing the captain lie down beside me, and remain immovable. i was stretched on the ground, just under the shelter of a bush of algae, when, raising my head, i saw some enormous mass, casting phosphorescent gleams, pass blusteringly by. my blood froze in my veins as i recognised two formidable sharks which threatened us. it was a couple of tintoreas, terrible creatures, with enormous tails and a dull glassy stare, the phosphorescent matter ejected from holes pierced around the muzzle. monstrous brutes! which would crush a whole man in their iron jaws. i did not know whether conseil stopped to classify them; for my part, i noticed their silver bellies, and their huge mouths bristling with teeth, from a very unscientific point of view, and more as a possible victim than as a naturalist. happily the voracious creatures do not see well. they passed without seeing us, brushing us with their brownish fins, and we escaped by a miracle from a danger certainly greater than meeting a tiger full-face in the forest. half an hour after, guided by the electric light we reached the nautilus. the outside door had been left open, and captain nemo closed it as soon as we had entered the first cell. he then pressed a knob. i heard the pumps working in the midst of the vessel, i felt the water sinking from around me, and in a few moments the cell was entirely empty. the inside door then opened, and we entered the vestry. there our diving-dress was taken off, not without some trouble, and, fairly worn out from want of food and sleep, i returned to my room, in great wonder at this surprising excursion at the bottom of the sea. chapter xvii four thousand leagues under the pacific the next morning, the th of november, i had quite recovered from my fatigues of the day before, and i went up on to the platform, just as the second lieutenant was uttering his daily phrase. i was admiring the magnificent aspect of the ocean when captain nemo appeared. he did not seem to be aware of my presence, and began a series of astronomical observations. then, when he had finished, he went and leant on the cage of the watch-light, and gazed abstractedly on the ocean. in the meantime, a number of the sailors of the nautilus, all strong and healthy men, had come up onto the platform. they came to draw up the nets that had been laid all night. these sailors were evidently of different nations, although the european type was visible in all of them. i recognised some unmistakable irishmen, frenchmen, some sclaves, and a greek, or a candiote. they were civil, and only used that odd language among themselves, the origin of which i could not guess, neither could i question them. the nets were hauled in. they were a large kind of "chaluts," like those on the normandy coasts, great pockets that the waves and a chain fixed in the smaller meshes kept open. these pockets, drawn by iron poles, swept through the water, and gathered in everything in their way. that day they brought up curious specimens from those productive coasts. i reckoned that the haul had brought in more than nine hundredweight of fish. it was a fine haul, but not to be wondered at. indeed, the nets are let down for several hours, and enclose in their meshes an infinite variety. we had no lack of excellent food, and the rapidity of the nautilus and the attraction of the electric light could always renew our supply. these several productions of the sea were immediately lowered through the panel to the steward's room, some to be eaten fresh, and others pickled. the fishing ended, the provision of air renewed, i thought that the nautilus was about to continue its submarine excursion, and was preparing to return to my room, when, without further preamble, the captain turned to me, saying: "professor, is not this ocean gifted with real life? it has its tempers and its gentle moods. yesterday it slept as we did, and now it has woke after a quiet night. look!" he continued, "it wakes under the caresses of the sun. it is going to renew its diurnal existence. it is an interesting study to watch the play of its organisation. it has a pulse, arteries, spasms; and i agree with the learned maury, who discovered in it a circulation as real as the circulation of blood in animals. "yes, the ocean has indeed circulation, and to promote it, the creator has caused things to multiply in it--caloric, salt, and animalculae." when captain nemo spoke thus, he seemed altogether changed, and aroused an extraordinary emotion in me. "also," he added, "true existence is there; and i can imagine the foundations of nautical towns, clusters of submarine houses, which, like the nautilus, would ascend every morning to breathe at the surface of the water, free towns, independent cities. yet who knows whether some despot----" captain nemo finished his sentence with a violent gesture. then, addressing me as if to chase away some sorrowful thought: "m. aronnax," he asked, "do you know the depth of the ocean?" "i only know, captain, what the principal soundings have taught us." "could you tell me them, so that i can suit them to my purpose?" "these are some," i replied, "that i remember. if i am not mistaken, a depth of , yards has been found in the north atlantic, and , yards in the mediterranean. the most remarkable soundings have been made in the south atlantic, near the thirty-fifth parallel, and they gave , yards, , yards, and , yards. to sum up all, it is reckoned that if the bottom of the sea were levelled, its mean depth would be about one and three-quarter leagues." "well, professor," replied the captain, "we shall show you better than that i hope. as to the mean depth of this part of the pacific, i tell you it is only , yards." having said this, captain nemo went towards the panel, and disappeared down the ladder. i followed him, and went into the large drawing-room. the screw was immediately put in motion, and the log gave twenty miles an hour. during the days and weeks that passed, captain nemo was very sparing of his visits. i seldom saw him. the lieutenant pricked the ship's course regularly on the chart, so i could always tell exactly the route of the nautilus. nearly every day, for some time, the panels of the drawing-room were opened, and we were never tired of penetrating the mysteries of the submarine world. the general direction of the nautilus was south-east, and it kept between and yards of depth. one day, however, i do not know why, being drawn diagonally by means of the inclined planes, it touched the bed of the sea. the thermometer indicated a temperature of . (cent.): a temperature that at this depth seemed common to all latitudes. at three o'clock in the morning of the th of november the nautilus crossed the tropic of cancer at ° long. on th instant it sighted the sandwich islands, where cook died, february , . we had then gone , leagues from our starting-point. in the morning, when i went on the platform, i saw two miles to windward, hawaii, the largest of the seven islands that form the group. i saw clearly the cultivated ranges, and the several mountain-chains that run parallel with the side, and the volcanoes that overtop mouna-rea, which rise , yards above the level of the sea. besides other things the nets brought up, were several flabellariae and graceful polypi, that are peculiar to that part of the ocean. the direction of the nautilus was still to the south-east. it crossed the equator december , in ° long.; and on the th of the same month, after crossing rapidly and without anything in particular occurring, we sighted the marquesas group. i saw, three miles off, martin's peak in nouka-hiva, the largest of the group that belongs to france. i only saw the woody mountains against the horizon, because captain nemo did not wish to bring the ship to the wind. there the nets brought up beautiful specimens of fish: some with azure fins and tails like gold, the flesh of which is unrivalled; some nearly destitute of scales, but of exquisite flavour; others, with bony jaws, and yellow-tinged gills, as good as bonitos; all fish that would be of use to us. after leaving these charming islands protected by the french flag, from the th to the th of december the nautilus sailed over about , miles. during the daytime of the th of december i was busy reading in the large drawing-room. ned land and conseil watched the luminous water through the half-open panels. the nautilus was immovable. while its reservoirs were filled, it kept at a depth of , yards, a region rarely visited in the ocean, and in which large fish were seldom seen. i was then reading a charming book by jean mace, the slaves of the stomach, and i was learning some valuable lessons from it, when conseil interrupted me. "will master come here a moment?" he said, in a curious voice. "what is the matter, conseil?" "i want master to look." i rose, went, and leaned on my elbows before the panes and watched. in a full electric light, an enormous black mass, quite immovable, was suspended in the midst of the waters. i watched it attentively, seeking to find out the nature of this gigantic cetacean. but a sudden thought crossed my mind. "a vessel!" i said, half aloud. "yes," replied the canadian, "a disabled ship that has sunk perpendicularly." ned land was right; we were close to a vessel of which the tattered shrouds still hung from their chains. the keel seemed to be in good order, and it had been wrecked at most some few hours. three stumps of masts, broken off about two feet above the bridge, showed that the vessel had had to sacrifice its masts. but, lying on its side, it had filled, and it was heeling over to port. this skeleton of what it had once been was a sad spectacle as it lay lost under the waves, but sadder still was the sight of the bridge, where some corpses, bound with ropes, were still lying. i counted five--four men, one of whom was standing at the helm, and a woman standing by the poop, holding an infant in her arms. she was quite young. i could distinguish her features, which the water had not decomposed, by the brilliant light from the nautilus. in one despairing effort, she had raised her infant above her head--poor little thing!--whose arms encircled its mother's neck. the attitude of the four sailors was frightful, distorted as they were by their convulsive movements, whilst making a last effort to free themselves from the cords that bound them to the vessel. the steersman alone, calm, with a grave, clear face, his grey hair glued to his forehead, and his hand clutching the wheel of the helm, seemed even then to be guiding the three broken masts through the depths of the ocean. what a scene! we were dumb; our hearts beat fast before this shipwreck, taken as it were from life and photographed in its last moments. and i saw already, coming towards it with hungry eyes, enormous sharks, attracted by the human flesh. however, the nautilus, turning, went round the submerged vessel, and in one instant i read on the stern--"the florida, sunderland." chapter xviii vanikoro this terrible spectacle was the forerunner of the series of maritime catastrophes that the nautilus was destined to meet with in its route. as long as it went through more frequented waters, we often saw the hulls of shipwrecked vessels that were rotting in the depths, and deeper down cannons, bullets, anchors, chains, and a thousand other iron materials eaten up by rust. however, on the th of december we sighted the pomotou islands, the old "dangerous group" of bougainville, that extend over a space of leagues at e.s.e. to w.n.w., from the island ducie to that of lazareff. this group covers an area of square leagues, and it is formed of sixty groups of islands, among which the gambier group is remarkable, over which france exercises sway. these are coral islands, slowly raised, but continuous, created by the daily work of polypi. then this new island will be joined later on to the neighboring groups, and a fifth continent will stretch from new zealand and new caledonia, and from thence to the marquesas. one day, when i was suggesting this theory to captain nemo, he replied coldly: "the earth does not want new continents, but new men." chance had conducted the nautilus towards the island of clermont-tonnere, one of the most curious of the group, that was discovered in by captain bell of the minerva. i could study now the madreporal system, to which are due the islands in this ocean. madrepores (which must not be mistaken for corals) have a tissue lined with a calcareous crust, and the modifications of its structure have induced m. milne edwards, my worthy master, to class them into five sections. the animalcule that the marine polypus secretes live by millions at the bottom of their cells. their calcareous deposits become rocks, reefs, and large and small islands. here they form a ring, surrounding a little inland lake, that communicates with the sea by means of gaps. there they make barriers of reefs like those on the coasts of new caledonia and the various pomoton islands. in other places, like those at reunion and at maurice, they raise fringed reefs, high, straight walls, near which the depth of the ocean is considerable. some cable-lengths off the shores of the island of clermont i admired the gigantic work accomplished by these microscopical workers. these walls are specially the work of those madrepores known as milleporas, porites, madrepores, and astraeas. these polypi are found particularly in the rough beds of the sea, near the surface; and consequently it is from the upper part that they begin their operations, in which they bury themselves by degrees with the debris of the secretions that support them. such is, at least, darwin's theory, who thus explains the formation of the _atolls_, a superior theory (to my mind) to that given of the foundation of the madreporical works, summits of mountains or volcanoes, that are submerged some feet below the level of the sea. i could observe closely these curious walls, for perpendicularly they were more than yards deep, and our electric sheets lighted up this calcareous matter brilliantly. replying to a question conseil asked me as to the time these colossal barriers took to be raised, i astonished him much by telling him that learned men reckoned it about the eighth of an inch in a hundred years. towards evening clermont-tonnerre was lost in the distance, and the route of the nautilus was sensibly changed. after having crossed the tropic of capricorn in ° longitude, it sailed w.n.w., making again for the tropical zone. although the summer sun was very strong, we did not suffer from heat, for at fifteen or twenty fathoms below the surface, the temperature did not rise above from ten to twelve degrees. on th of december, we left to the east the bewitching group of the societies and the graceful tahiti, queen of the pacific. i saw in the morning, some miles to the windward, the elevated summits of the island. these waters furnished our table with excellent fish, mackerel, bonitos, and some varieties of a sea-serpent. on the th of december the nautilus sailed into the midst of the new hebrides, discovered by quiros in , and that bougainville explored in , and to which cook gave its present name in . this group is composed principally of nine large islands, that form a band of leagues n.n.s. to s.s.w., between ° and ° s. lat., and deg. and ° long. we passed tolerably near to the island of aurou, that at noon looked like a mass of green woods, surmounted by a peak of great height. that day being christmas day, ned land seemed to regret sorely the non-celebration of "christmas," the family fete of which protestants are so fond. i had not seen captain nemo for a week, when, on the morning of the th, he came into the large drawing-room, always seeming as if he had seen you five minutes before. i was busily tracing the route of the nautilus on the planisphere. the captain came up to me, put his finger on one spot on the chart, and said this single word. "vanikoro." the effect was magical! it was the name of the islands on which la perouse had been lost! i rose suddenly. "the nautilus has brought us to vanikoro?" i asked. "yes, professor," said the captain. "and i can visit the celebrated islands where the boussole and the astrolabe struck?" "if you like, professor." "when shall we be there?" "we are there now." followed by captain nemo, i went up on to the platform, and greedily scanned the horizon. to the n.e. two volcanic islands emerged of unequal size, surrounded by a coral reef that measured forty miles in circumference. we were close to vanikoro, really the one to which dumont d'urville gave the name of isle de la recherche, and exactly facing the little harbour of vanou, situated in ° ' s. lat., and ° ' e. long. the earth seemed covered with verdure from the shore to the summits in the interior, that were crowned by mount kapogo, feet high. the nautilus, having passed the outer belt of rocks by a narrow strait, found itself among breakers where the sea was from thirty to forty fathoms deep. under the verdant shade of some mangroves i perceived some savages, who appeared greatly surprised at our approach. in the long black body, moving between wind and water, did they not see some formidable cetacean that they regarded with suspicion? just then captain nemo asked me what i knew about the wreck of la perouse. "only what everyone knows, captain," i replied. "and could you tell me what everyone knows about it?" he inquired, ironically. "easily." i related to him all that the last works of dumont d'urville had made known--works from which the following is a brief account. la perouse, and his second, captain de langle, were sent by louis xvi, in , on a voyage of circumnavigation. they embarked in the corvettes boussole and the astrolabe, neither of which were again heard of. in , the french government, justly uneasy as to the fate of these two sloops, manned two large merchantmen, the recherche and the esperance, which left brest the th of september under the command of bruni d'entrecasteaux. two months after, they learned from bowen, commander of the albemarle, that the debris of shipwrecked vessels had been seen on the coasts of new georgia. but d'entrecasteaux, ignoring this communication--rather uncertain, besides--directed his course towards the admiralty islands, mentioned in a report of captain hunter's as being the place where la perouse was wrecked. they sought in vain. the esperance and the recherche passed before vanikoro without stopping there, and, in fact, this voyage was most disastrous, as it cost d'entrecasteaux his life, and those of two of his lieutenants, besides several of his crew. captain dillon, a shrewd old pacific sailor, was the first to find unmistakable traces of the wrecks. on the th of may, , his vessel, the st. patrick, passed close to tikopia, one of the new hebrides. there a lascar came alongside in a canoe, sold him the handle of a sword in silver that bore the print of characters engraved on the hilt. the lascar pretended that six years before, during a stay at vanikoro, he had seen two europeans that belonged to some vessels that had run aground on the reefs some years ago. dillon guessed that he meant la perouse, whose disappearance had troubled the whole world. he tried to get on to vanikoro, where, according to the lascar, he would find numerous debris of the wreck, but winds and tides prevented him. dillon returned to calcutta. there he interested the asiatic society and the indian company in his discovery. a vessel, to which was given the name of the recherche, was put at his disposal, and he set out, rd january, , accompanied by a french agent. the recherche, after touching at several points in the pacific, cast anchor before vanikoro, th july, , in that same harbour of vanou where the nautilus was at this time. there it collected numerous relics of the wreck--iron utensils, anchors, pulley-strops, swivel-guns, an lb. shot, fragments of astronomical instruments, a piece of crown work, and a bronze clock, bearing this inscription--"bazin m'a fait," the mark of the foundry of the arsenal at brest about . there could be no further doubt. dillon, having made all inquiries, stayed in the unlucky place till october. then he quitted vanikoro, and directed his course towards new zealand; put into calcutta, th april, , and returned to france, where he was warmly welcomed by charles x. but at the same time, without knowing dillon's movements, dumont d'urville had already set out to find the scene of the wreck. and they had learned from a whaler that some medals and a cross of st. louis had been found in the hands of some savages of louisiade and new caledonia. dumont d'urville, commander of the astrolabe, had then sailed, and two months after dillon had left vanikoro he put into hobart town. there he learned the results of dillon's inquiries, and found that a certain james hobbs, second lieutenant of the union of calcutta, after landing on an island situated ° ' s. lat., and ° ' e. long., had seen some iron bars and red stuffs used by the natives of these parts. dumont d'urville, much perplexed, and not knowing how to credit the reports of low-class journals, decided to follow dillon's track. on the th of february, , the astrolabe appeared off tikopia, and took as guide and interpreter a deserter found on the island; made his way to vanikoro, sighted it on the th inst., lay among the reefs until the th, and not until the th did he cast anchor within the barrier in the harbour of vanou. on the rd, several officers went round the island and brought back some unimportant trifles. the natives, adopting a system of denials and evasions, refused to take them to the unlucky place. this ambiguous conduct led them to believe that the natives had ill-treated the castaways, and indeed they seemed to fear that dumont d'urville had come to avenge la perouse and his unfortunate crew. however, on the th, appeased by some presents, and understanding that they had no reprisals to fear, they led m. jacquireot to the scene of the wreck. there, in three or four fathoms of water, between the reefs of pacou and vanou, lay anchors, cannons, pigs of lead and iron, embedded in the limy concretions. the large boat and the whaler belonging to the astrolabe were sent to this place, and, not without some difficulty, their crews hauled up an anchor weighing , lbs., a brass gun, some pigs of iron, and two copper swivel-guns. dumont d'urville, questioning the natives, learned too that la perouse, after losing both his vessels on the reefs of this island, had constructed a smaller boat, only to be lost a second time. where, no one knew. but the french government, fearing that dumont d'urville was not acquainted with dillon's movements, had sent the sloop bayonnaise, commanded by legoarant de tromelin, to vanikoro, which had been stationed on the west coast of america. the bayonnaise cast her anchor before vanikoro some months after the departure of the astrolabe, but found no new document; but stated that the savages had respected the monument to la perouse. that is the substance of what i told captain nemo. "so," he said, "no one knows now where the third vessel perished that was constructed by the castaways on the island of vanikoro?" "no one knows." captain nemo said nothing, but signed to me to follow him into the large saloon. the nautilus sank several yards below the waves, and the panels were opened. i hastened to the aperture, and under the crustations of coral, covered with fungi, syphonules, alcyons, madrepores, through myriads of charming fish--girelles, glyphisidri, pompherides, diacopes, and holocentres--i recognised certain debris that the drags had not been able to tear up--iron stirrups, anchors, cannons, bullets, capstan fittings, the stem of a ship, all objects clearly proving the wreck of some vessel, and now carpeted with living flowers. while i was looking on this desolate scene, captain nemo said, in a sad voice: "commander la perouse set out th december, , with his vessels la boussole and the astrolabe. he first cast anchor at botany bay, visited the friendly isles, new caledonia, then directed his course towards santa cruz, and put into namouka, one of the hapai group. then his vessels struck on the unknown reefs of vanikoro. the boussole, which went first, ran aground on the southerly coast. the astrolabe went to its help, and ran aground too. the first vessel was destroyed almost immediately. the second, stranded under the wind, resisted some days. the natives made the castaways welcome. they installed themselves in the island, and constructed a smaller boat with the debris of the two large ones. some sailors stayed willingly at vanikoro; the others, weak and ill, set out with la perouse. they directed their course towards the solomon islands, and there perished, with everything, on the westerly coast of the chief island of the group, between capes deception and satisfaction." "how do you know that?" "by this, that i found on the spot where was the last wreck." captain nemo showed me a tin-plate box, stamped with the french arms, and corroded by the salt water. he opened it, and i saw a bundle of papers, yellow but still readable. they were the instructions of the naval minister to commander la perouse, annotated in the margin in louis xvi's handwriting. "ah! it is a fine death for a sailor!" said captain nemo, at last. "a coral tomb makes a quiet grave; and i trust that i and my comrades will find no other." chapter xix torres straits during the night of the th or th of december, the nautilus left the shores of vanikoro with great speed. her course was south-westerly, and in three days she had gone over the leagues that separated it from la perouse's group and the south-east point of papua. early on the st of january, , conseil joined me on the platform. "master, will you permit me to wish you a happy new year?" "what! conseil; exactly as if i was at paris in my study at the jardin des plantes? well, i accept your good wishes, and thank you for them. only, i will ask you what you mean by a `happy new year' under our circumstances? do you mean the year that will bring us to the end of our imprisonment, or the year that sees us continue this strange voyage?" "really, i do not know how to answer, master. we are sure to see curious things, and for the last two months we have not had time for dullness. the last marvel is always the most astonishing; and, if we continue this progression, i do not know how it will end. it is my opinion that we shall never again see the like. i think then, with no offence to master, that a happy year would be one in which we could see everything." on nd january we had made , miles, or , french leagues, since our starting-point in the japan seas. before the ship's head stretched the dangerous shores of the coral sea, on the north-east coast of australia. our boat lay along some miles from the redoubtable bank on which cook's vessel was lost, th june, . the boat in which cook was struck on a rock, and, if it did not sink, it was owing to a piece of coral that was broken by the shock, and fixed itself in the broken keel. i had wished to visit the reef, leagues long, against which the sea, always rough, broke with great violence, with a noise like thunder. but just then the inclined planes drew the nautilus down to a great depth, and i could see nothing of the high coral walls. i had to content myself with the different specimens of fish brought up by the nets. i remarked, among others, some germons, a species of mackerel as large as a tunny, with bluish sides, and striped with transverse bands, that disappear with the animal's life. these fish followed us in shoals, and furnished us with very delicate food. we took also a large number of gilt-heads, about one and a half inches long, tasting like dorys; and flying pyrapeds like submarine swallows, which, in dark nights, light alternately the air and water with their phosphorescent light. among the molluscs and zoophytes, i found in the meshes of the net several species of alcyonarians, echini, hammers, spurs, dials, cerites, and hyalleae. the flora was represented by beautiful floating seaweeds, laminariae, and macrocystes, impregnated with the mucilage that transudes through their pores; and among which i gathered an admirable nemastoma geliniarois, that was classed among the natural curiosities of the museum. two days after crossing the coral sea, th january, we sighted the papuan coasts. on this occasion, captain nemo informed me that his intention was to get into the indian ocean by the strait of torres. his communication ended there. the torres straits are nearly thirty-four leagues wide; but they are obstructed by an innumerable quantity of islands, islets, breakers, and rocks, that make its navigation almost impracticable; so that captain nemo took all needful precautions to cross them. the nautilus, floating betwixt wind and water, went at a moderate pace. her screw, like a cetacean's tail, beat the waves slowly. profiting by this, i and my two companions went up on to the deserted platform. before us was the steersman's cage, and i expected that captain nemo was there directing the course of the nautilus. i had before me the excellent charts of the straits of torres, and i consulted them attentively. round the nautilus the sea dashed furiously. the course of the waves, that went from south-east to north-west at the rate of two and a half miles, broke on the coral that showed itself here and there. "this is a bad sea!" remarked ned land. "detestable indeed, and one that does not suit a boat like the nautilus." "the captain must be very sure of his route, for i see there pieces of coral that would do for its keel if it only touched them slightly." indeed the situation was dangerous, but the nautilus seemed to slide like magic off these rocks. it did not follow the routes of the astrolabe and the zelee exactly, for they proved fatal to dumont d'urville. it bore more northwards, coasted the islands of murray, and came back to the south-west towards cumberland passage. i thought it was going to pass it by, when, going back to north-west, it went through a large quantity of islands and islets little known, towards the island sound and canal mauvais. i wondered if captain nemo, foolishly imprudent, would steer his vessel into that pass where dumont d'urville's two corvettes touched; when, swerving again, and cutting straight through to the west, he steered for the island of gilboa. it was then three in the afternoon. the tide began to recede, being quite full. the nautilus approached the island, that i still saw, with its remarkable border of screw-pines. he stood off it at about two miles distant. suddenly a shock overthrew me. the nautilus just touched a rock, and stayed immovable, laying lightly to port side. when i rose, i perceived captain nemo and his lieutenant on the platform. they were examining the situation of the vessel, and exchanging words in their incomprehensible dialect. she was situated thus: two miles, on the starboard side, appeared gilboa, stretching from north to west like an immense arm. towards the south and east some coral showed itself, left by the ebb. we had run aground, and in one of those seas where the tides are middling--a sorry matter for the floating of the nautilus. however, the vessel had not suffered, for her keel was solidly joined. but, if she could neither glide off nor move, she ran the risk of being for ever fastened to these rocks, and then captain nemo's submarine vessel would be done for. i was reflecting thus, when the captain, cool and calm, always master of himself, approached me. "an accident?" i asked. "no; an incident." "but an incident that will oblige you perhaps to become an inhabitant of this land from which you flee?" captain nemo looked at me curiously, and made a negative gesture, as much as to say that nothing would force him to set foot on terra firma again. then he said: "besides, m. aronnax, the nautilus is not lost; it will carry you yet into the midst of the marvels of the ocean. our voyage is only begun, and i do not wish to be deprived so soon of the honour of your company." "however, captain nemo," i replied, without noticing the ironical turn of his phrase, "the nautilus ran aground in open sea. now the tides are not strong in the pacific; and, if you cannot lighten the nautilus, i do not see how it will be reinflated." "the tides are not strong in the pacific: you are right there, professor; but in torres straits one finds still a difference of a yard and a half between the level of high and low seas. to-day is th january, and in five days the moon will be full. now, i shall be very much astonished if that satellite does not raise these masses of water sufficiently, and render me a service that i should be indebted to her for." having said this, captain nemo, followed by his lieutenant, redescended to the interior of the nautilus. as to the vessel, it moved not, and was immovable, as if the coralline polypi had already walled it up with their in destructible cement. "well, sir?" said ned land, who came up to me after the departure of the captain. "well, friend ned, we will wait patiently for the tide on the th instant; for it appears that the moon will have the goodness to put it off again." "really?" "really." "and this captain is not going to cast anchor at all since the tide will suffice?" said conseil, simply. the canadian looked at conseil, then shrugged his shoulders. "sir, you may believe me when i tell you that this piece of iron will navigate neither on nor under the sea again; it is only fit to be sold for its weight. i think, therefore, that the time has come to part company with captain nemo." "friend ned, i do not despair of this stout nautilus, as you do; and in four days we shall know what to hold to on the pacific tides. besides, flight might be possible if we were in sight of the english or provencal coast; but on the papuan shores, it is another thing; and it will be time enough to come to that extremity if the nautilus does not recover itself again, which i look upon as a grave event." "but do they know, at least, how to act circumspectly? there is an island; on that island there are trees; under those trees, terrestrial animals, bearers of cutlets and roast beef, to which i would willingly give a trial." "in this, friend ned is right," said conseil, "and i agree with him. could not master obtain permission from his friend captain nemo to put us on land, if only so as not to lose the habit of treading on the solid parts of our planet?" "i can ask him, but he will refuse." "will master risk it?" asked conseil, "and we shall know how to rely upon the captain's amiability." to my great surprise, captain nemo gave me the permission i asked for, and he gave it very agreeably, without even exacting from me a promise to return to the vessel; but flight across new guinea might be very perilous, and i should not have counselled ned land to attempt it. better to be a prisoner on board the nautilus than to fall into the hands of the natives. at eight o'clock, armed with guns and hatchets, we got off the nautilus. the sea was pretty calm; a slight breeze blew on land. conseil and i rowing, we sped along quickly, and ned steered in the straight passage that the breakers left between them. the boat was well handled, and moved rapidly. ned land could not restrain his joy. he was like a prisoner that had escaped from prison, and knew not that it was necessary to re-enter it. "meat! we are going to eat some meat; and what meat!" he replied. "real game! no, bread, indeed." "i do not say that fish is not good; we must not abuse it; but a piece of fresh venison, grilled on live coals, will agreeably vary our ordinary course." "glutton!" said conseil, "he makes my mouth water." "it remains to be seen," i said, "if these forests are full of game, and if the game is not such as will hunt the hunter himself." "well said, m. aronnax," replied the canadian, whose teeth seemed sharpened like the edge of a hatchet; "but i will eat tiger--loin of tiger--if there is no other quadruped on this island." "friend ned is uneasy about it," said conseil. "whatever it may be," continued ned land, "every animal with four paws without feathers, or with two paws without feathers, will be saluted by my first shot." "very well! master land's imprudences are beginning." "never fear, m. aronnax," replied the canadian; "i do not want twenty-five minutes to offer you a dish, of my sort." at half-past eight the nautilus boat ran softly aground on a heavy sand, after having happily passed the coral reef that surrounds the island of gilboa. chapter xx a few days on land i was much impressed on touching land. ned land tried the soil with his feet, as if to take possession of it. however, it was only two months before that we had become, according to captain nemo, "passengers on board the nautilus," but, in reality, prisoners of its commander. in a few minutes we were within musket-shot of the coast. the whole horizon was hidden behind a beautiful curtain of forests. enormous trees, the trunks of which attained a height of feet, were tied to each other by garlands of bindweed, real natural hammocks, which a light breeze rocked. they were mimosas, figs, hibisci, and palm trees, mingled together in profusion; and under the shelter of their verdant vault grew orchids, leguminous plants, and ferns. but, without noticing all these beautiful specimens of papuan flora, the canadian abandoned the agreeable for the useful. he discovered a coco-tree, beat down some of the fruit, broke them, and we drunk the milk and ate the nut with a satisfaction that protested against the ordinary food on the nautilus. "excellent!" said ned land. "exquisite!" replied conseil. "and i do not think," said the canadian, "that he would object to our introducing a cargo of coco-nuts on board." "i do not think he would, but he would not taste them." "so much the worse for him," said conseil. "and so much the better for us," replied ned land. "there will be more for us." "one word only, master land," i said to the harpooner, who was beginning to ravage another coco-nut tree. "coco-nuts are good things, but before filling the canoe with them it would be wise to reconnoitre and see if the island does not produce some substance not less useful. fresh vegetables would be welcome on board the nautilus." "master is right," replied conseil; "and i propose to reserve three places in our vessel, one for fruits, the other for vegetables, and the third for the venison, of which i have not yet seen the smallest specimen." "conseil, we must not despair," said the canadian. "let us continue," i returned, "and lie in wait. although the island seems uninhabited, it might still contain some individuals that would be less hard than we on the nature of game." "ho! ho!" said ned land, moving his jaws significantly. "well, ned!" said conseil. "my word!" returned the canadian, "i begin to understand the charms of anthropophagy." "ned! ned! what are you saying? you, a man-eater? i should not feel safe with you, especially as i share your cabin. i might perhaps wake one day to find myself half devoured." "friend conseil, i like you much, but not enough to eat you unnecessarily." "i would not trust you," replied conseil. "but enough. we must absolutely bring down some game to satisfy this cannibal, or else one of these fine mornings, master will find only pieces of his servant to serve him." while we were talking thus, we were penetrating the sombre arches of the forest, and for two hours we surveyed it in all directions. chance rewarded our search for eatable vegetables, and one of the most useful products of the tropical zones furnished us with precious food that we missed on board. i would speak of the bread-fruit tree, very abundant in the island of gilboa; and i remarked chiefly the variety destitute of seeds, which bears in malaya the name of "rima." ned land knew these fruits well. he had already eaten many during his numerous voyages, and he knew how to prepare the eatable substance. moreover, the sight of them excited him, and he could contain himself no longer. "master," he said, "i shall die if i do not taste a little of this bread-fruit pie." "taste it, friend ned--taste it as you want. we are here to make experiments--make them." "it won't take long," said the canadian. and, provided with a lentil, he lighted a fire of dead wood that crackled joyously. during this time, conseil and i chose the best fruits of the bread-fruit. some had not then attained a sufficient degree of maturity; and their thick skin covered a white but rather fibrous pulp. others, the greater number yellow and gelatinous, waited only to be picked. these fruits enclosed no kernel. conseil brought a dozen to ned land, who placed them on a coal fire, after having cut them in thick slices, and while doing this repeating: "you will see, master, how good this bread is. more so when one has been deprived of it so long. it is not even bread," added he, "but a delicate pastry. you have eaten none, master?" "no, ned." "very well, prepare yourself for a juicy thing. if you do not come for more, i am no longer the king of harpooners." after some minutes, the part of the fruits that was exposed to the fire was completely roasted. the interior looked like a white pasty, a sort of soft crumb, the flavour of which was like that of an artichoke. it must be confessed this bread was excellent, and i ate of it with great relish. "what time is it now?" asked the canadian. "two o'clock at least," replied conseil. "how time flies on firm ground!" sighed ned land. "let us be off," replied conseil. we returned through the forest, and completed our collection by a raid upon the cabbage-palms, that we gathered from the tops of the trees, little beans that i recognised as the "abrou" of the malays, and yams of a superior quality. we were loaded when we reached the boat. but ned land did not find his provisions sufficient. fate, however, favoured us. just as we were pushing off, he perceived several trees, from twenty-five to thirty feet high, a species of palm-tree. at last, at five o'clock in the evening, loaded with our riches, we quitted the shore, and half an hour after we hailed the nautilus. no one appeared on our arrival. the enormous iron-plated cylinder seemed deserted. the provisions embarked, i descended to my chamber, and after supper slept soundly. the next day, th january, nothing new on board. not a sound inside, not a sign of life. the boat rested along the edge, in the same place in which we had left it. we resolved to return to the island. ned land hoped to be more fortunate than on the day before with regard to the hunt, and wished to visit another part of the forest. at dawn we set off. the boat, carried on by the waves that flowed to shore, reached the island in a few minutes. we landed, and, thinking that it was better to give in to the canadian, we followed ned land, whose long limbs threatened to distance us. he wound up the coast towards the west: then, fording some torrents, he gained the high plain that was bordered with admirable forests. some kingfishers were rambling along the water-courses, but they would not let themselves be approached. their circumspection proved to me that these birds knew what to expect from bipeds of our species, and i concluded that, if the island was not inhabited, at least human beings occasionally frequented it. after crossing a rather large prairie, we arrived at the skirts of a little wood that was enlivened by the songs and flight of a large number of birds. "there are only birds," said conseil. "but they are eatable," replied the harpooner. "i do not agree with you, friend ned, for i see only parrots there." "friend conseil," said ned, gravely, "the parrot is like pheasant to those who have nothing else." "and," i added, "this bird, suitably prepared, is worth knife and fork." indeed, under the thick foliage of this wood, a world of parrots were flying from branch to branch, only needing a careful education to speak the human language. for the moment, they were chattering with parrots of all colours, and grave cockatoos, who seemed to meditate upon some philosophical problem, whilst brilliant red lories passed like a piece of bunting carried away by the breeze, papuans, with the finest azure colours, and in all a variety of winged things most charming to behold, but few eatable. however, a bird peculiar to these lands, and which has never passed the limits of the arrow and papuan islands, was wanting in this collection. but fortune reserved it for me before long. after passing through a moderately thick copse, we found a plain obstructed with bushes. i saw then those magnificent birds, the disposition of whose long feathers obliges them to fly against the wind. their undulating flight, graceful aerial curves, and the shading of their colours, attracted and charmed one's looks. i had no trouble in recognising them. "birds of paradise!" i exclaimed. the malays, who carry on a great trade in these birds with the chinese, have several means that we could not employ for taking them. sometimes they put snares on the top of high trees that the birds of paradise prefer to frequent. sometimes they catch them with a viscous birdlime that paralyses their movements. they even go so far as to poison the fountains that the birds generally drink from. but we were obliged to fire at them during flight, which gave us few chances to bring them down; and, indeed, we vainly exhausted one half our ammunition. about eleven o'clock in the morning, the first range of mountains that form the centre of the island was traversed, and we had killed nothing. hunger drove us on. the hunters had relied on the products of the chase, and they were wrong. happily conseil, to his great surprise, made a double shot and secured breakfast. he brought down a white pigeon and a wood-pigeon, which, cleverly plucked and suspended from a skewer, was roasted before a red fire of dead wood. while these interesting birds were cooking, ned prepared the fruit of the bread-tree. then the wood-pigeons were devoured to the bones, and declared excellent. the nutmeg, with which they are in the habit of stuffing their crops, flavours their flesh and renders it delicious eating. "now, ned, what do you miss now?" "some four-footed game, m. aronnax. all these pigeons are only side-dishes and trifles; and until i have killed an animal with cutlets i shall not be content." "nor i, ned, if i do not catch a bird of paradise." "let us continue hunting," replied conseil. "let us go towards the sea. we have arrived at the first declivities of the mountains, and i think we had better regain the region of forests." that was sensible advice, and was followed out. after walking for one hour we had attained a forest of sago-trees. some inoffensive serpents glided away from us. the birds of paradise fled at our approach, and truly i despaired of getting near one when conseil, who was walking in front, suddenly bent down, uttered a triumphal cry, and came back to me bringing a magnificent specimen. "ah! bravo, conseil!" "master is very good." "no, my boy; you have made an excellent stroke. take one of these living birds, and carry it in your hand." "if master will examine it, he will see that i have not deserved great merit." "why, conseil?" "because this bird is as drunk as a quail." "drunk!" "yes, sir; drunk with the nutmegs that it devoured under the nutmeg-tree, under which i found it. see, friend ned, see the monstrous effects of intemperance!" "by jove!" exclaimed the canadian, "because i have drunk gin for two months, you must needs reproach me!" however, i examined the curious bird. conseil was right. the bird, drunk with the juice, was quite powerless. it could not fly; it could hardly walk. this bird belonged to the most beautiful of the eight species that are found in papua and in the neighbouring islands. it was the "large emerald bird, the most rare kind." it measured three feet in length. its head was comparatively small, its eyes placed near the opening of the beak, and also small. but the shades of colour were beautiful, having a yellow beak, brown feet and claws, nut-coloured wings with purple tips, pale yellow at the back of the neck and head, and emerald colour at the throat, chestnut on the breast and belly. two horned, downy nets rose from below the tail, that prolonged the long light feathers of admirable fineness, and they completed the whole of this marvellous bird, that the natives have poetically named the "bird of the sun." but if my wishes were satisfied by the possession of the bird of paradise, the canadian's were not yet. happily, about two o'clock, ned land brought down a magnificent hog; from the brood of those the natives call "bari-outang." the animal came in time for us to procure real quadruped meat, and he was well received. ned land was very proud of his shot. the hog, hit by the electric ball, fell stone dead. the canadian skinned and cleaned it properly, after having taken half a dozen cutlets, destined to furnish us with a grilled repast in the evening. then the hunt was resumed, which was still more marked by ned and conseil's exploits. indeed, the two friends, beating the bushes, roused a herd of kangaroos that fled and bounded along on their elastic paws. but these animals did not take to flight so rapidly but what the electric capsule could stop their course. "ah, professor!" cried ned land, who was carried away by the delights of the chase, "what excellent game, and stewed, too! what a supply for the nautilus! two! three! five down! and to think that we shall eat that flesh, and that the idiots on board shall not have a crumb!" i think that, in the excess of his joy, the canadian, if he had not talked so much, would have killed them all. but he contented himself with a single dozen of these interesting marsupians. these animals were small. they were a species of those "kangaroo rabbits" that live habitually in the hollows of trees, and whose speed is extreme; but they are moderately fat, and furnish, at least, estimable food. we were very satisfied with the results of the hunt. happy ned proposed to return to this enchanting island the next day, for he wished to depopulate it of all the eatable quadrupeds. but he had reckoned without his host. at six o'clock in the evening we had regained the shore; our boat was moored to the usual place. the nautilus, like a long rock, emerged from the waves two miles from the beach. ned land, without waiting, occupied himself about the important dinner business. he understood all about cooking well. the "bari-outang," grilled on the coals, soon scented the air with a delicious odour. indeed, the dinner was excellent. two wood-pigeons completed this extraordinary menu. the sago pasty, the artocarpus bread, some mangoes, half a dozen pineapples, and the liquor fermented from some coco-nuts, overjoyed us. i even think that my worthy companions' ideas had not all the plainness desirable. "suppose we do not return to the nautilus this evening?" said conseil. "suppose we never return?" added ned land. just then a stone fell at our feet and cut short the harpooner's proposition. chapter xxi captain nemo's thunderbolt we looked at the edge of the forest without rising, my hand stopping in the action of putting it to my mouth, ned land's completing its office. "stones do not fall from the sky," remarked conseil, "or they would merit the name aerolites." a second stone, carefully aimed, that made a savoury pigeon's leg fall from conseil's hand, gave still more weight to his observation. we all three arose, shouldered our guns, and were ready to reply to any attack. "are they apes?" cried ned land. "very nearly--they are savages." "to the boat!" i said, hurrying to the sea. it was indeed necessary to beat a retreat, for about twenty natives armed with bows and slings appeared on the skirts of a copse that masked the horizon to the right, hardly a hundred steps from us. our boat was moored about sixty feet from us. the savages approached us, not running, but making hostile demonstrations. stones and arrows fell thickly. ned land had not wished to leave his provisions; and, in spite of his imminent danger, his pig on one side and kangaroos on the other, he went tolerably fast. in two minutes we were on the shore. to load the boat with provisions and arms, to push it out to sea, and ship the oars, was the work of an instant. we had not gone two cable-lengths, when a hundred savages, howling and gesticulating, entered the water up to their waists. i watched to see if their apparition would attract some men from the nautilus on to the platform. but no. the enormous machine, lying off, was absolutely deserted. twenty minutes later we were on board. the panels were open. after making the boat fast, we entered into the interior of the nautilus. i descended to the drawing-room, from whence i heard some chords. captain nemo was there, bending over his organ, and plunged in a musical ecstasy. "captain!" he did not hear me. "captain!" i said, touching his hand. he shuddered, and, turning round, said, "ah! it is you, professor? well, have you had a good hunt, have you botanised successfully?" "yes captain; but we have unfortunately brought a troop of bipeds, whose vicinity troubles me." "what bipeds?" "savages." "savages!" he echoed, ironically. "so you are astonished, professor, at having set foot on a strange land and finding savages? savages! where are there not any? besides, are they worse than others, these whom you call savages?" "but captain----" "how many have you counted?" "a hundred at least." "m. aronnax," replied captain nemo, placing his fingers on the organ stops, "when all the natives of papua are assembled on this shore, the nautilus will have nothing to fear from their attacks." the captain's fingers were then running over the keys of the instrument, and i remarked that he touched only the black keys, which gave his melodies an essentially scotch character. soon he had forgotten my presence, and had plunged into a reverie that i did not disturb. i went up again on to the platform: night had already fallen; for, in this low latitude, the sun sets rapidly and without twilight. i could only see the island indistinctly; but the numerous fires, lighted on the beach, showed that the natives did not think of leaving it. i was alone for several hours, sometimes thinking of the natives--but without any dread of them, for the imperturbable confidence of the captain was catching--sometimes forgetting them to admire the splendours of the night in the tropics. my remembrances went to france in the train of those zodiacal stars that would shine in some hours' time. the moon shone in the midst of the constellations of the zenith. the night slipped away without any mischance, the islanders frightened no doubt at the sight of a monster aground in the bay. the panels were open, and would have offered an easy access to the interior of the nautilus. at six o'clock in the morning of the th january i went up on to the platform. the dawn was breaking. the island soon showed itself through the dissipating fogs, first the shore, then the summits. the natives were there, more numerous than on the day before--five or six hundred perhaps--some of them, profiting by the low water, had come on to the coral, at less than two cable-lengths from the nautilus. i distinguished them easily; they were true papuans, with athletic figures, men of good race, large high foreheads, large, but not broad and flat, and white teeth. their woolly hair, with a reddish tinge, showed off on their black shining bodies like those of the nubians. from the lobes of their ears, cut and distended, hung chaplets of bones. most of these savages were naked. amongst them, i remarked some women, dressed from the hips to knees in quite a crinoline of herbs, that sustained a vegetable waistband. some chiefs had ornamented their necks with a crescent and collars of glass beads, red and white; nearly all were armed with bows, arrows, and shields and carried on their shoulders a sort of net containing those round stones which they cast from their slings with great skill. one of these chiefs, rather near to the nautilus, examined it attentively. he was, perhaps, a "mado" of high rank, for he was draped in a mat of banana-leaves, notched round the edges, and set off with brilliant colours. i could easily have knocked down this native, who was within a short length; but i thought that it was better to wait for real hostile demonstrations. between europeans and savages, it is proper for the europeans to parry sharply, not to attack. during low water the natives roamed about near the nautilus, but were not troublesome; i heard them frequently repeat the word "assai," and by their gestures i understood that they invited me to go on land, an invitation that i declined. so that, on that day, the boat did not push off, to the great displeasure of master land, who could not complete his provisions. this adroit canadian employed his time in preparing the viands and meat that he had brought off the island. as for the savages, they returned to the shore about eleven o'clock in the morning, as soon as the coral tops began to disappear under the rising tide; but i saw their numbers had increased considerably on the shore. probably they came from the neighbouring islands, or very likely from papua. however, i had not seen a single native canoe. having nothing better to do, i thought of dragging these beautiful limpid waters, under which i saw a profusion of shells, zoophytes, and marine plants. moreover, it was the last day that the nautilus would pass in these parts, if it float in open sea the next day, according to captain nemo's promise. i therefore called conseil, who brought me a little light drag, very like those for the oyster fishery. now to work! for two hours we fished unceasingly, but without bringing up any rarities. the drag was filled with midas-ears, harps, melames, and particularly the most beautiful hammers i have ever seen. we also brought up some sea-slugs, pearl-oysters, and a dozen little turtles that were reserved for the pantry on board. but just when i expected it least, i put my hand on a wonder, i might say a natural deformity, very rarely met with. conseil was just dragging, and his net came up filled with divers ordinary shells, when, all at once, he saw me plunge my arm quickly into the net, to draw out a shell, and heard me utter a cry. "what is the matter, sir?" he asked in surprise. "has master been bitten?" "no, my boy; but i would willingly have given a finger for my discovery." "what discovery?" "this shell," i said, holding up the object of my triumph. "it is simply an olive porphyry, genus olive, order of the pectinibranchidae, class of gasteropods, sub-class mollusca." "yes, conseil; but, instead of being rolled from right to left, this olive turns from left to right." "is it possible?" "yes, my boy; it is a left shell." shells are all right-handed, with rare exceptions; and, when by chance their spiral is left, amateurs are ready to pay their weight in gold. conseil and i were absorbed in the contemplation of our treasure, and i was promising myself to enrich the museum with it, when a stone unfortunately thrown by a native struck against, and broke, the precious object in conseil's hand. i uttered a cry of despair! conseil took up his gun, and aimed at a savage who was poising his sling at ten yards from him. i would have stopped him, but his blow took effect and broke the bracelet of amulets which encircled the arm of the savage. "conseil!" cried i. "conseil!" "well, sir! do you not see that the cannibal has commenced the attack?" "a shell is not worth the life of a man," said i. "ah! the scoundrel!" cried conseil; "i would rather he had broken my shoulder!" conseil was in earnest, but i was not of his opinion. however, the situation had changed some minutes before, and we had not perceived. a score of canoes surrounded the nautilus. these canoes, scooped out of the trunk of a tree, long, narrow, well adapted for speed, were balanced by means of a long bamboo pole, which floated on the water. they were managed by skilful, half-naked paddlers, and i watched their advance with some uneasiness. it was evident that these papuans had already had dealings with the europeans and knew their ships. but this long iron cylinder anchored in the bay, without masts or chimneys, what could they think of it? nothing good, for at first they kept at a respectful distance. however, seeing it motionless, by degrees they took courage, and sought to familiarise themselves with it. now this familiarity was precisely what it was necessary to avoid. our arms, which were noiseless, could only produce a moderate effect on the savages, who have little respect for aught but blustering things. the thunderbolt without the reverberations of thunder would frighten man but little, though the danger lies in the lightning, not in the noise. at this moment the canoes approached the nautilus, and a shower of arrows alighted on her. i went down to the saloon, but found no one there. i ventured to knock at the door that opened into the captain's room. "come in," was the answer. i entered, and found captain nemo deep in algebraical calculations of _x_ and other quantities. "i am disturbing you," said i, for courtesy's sake. "that is true, m. aronnax," replied the captain; "but i think you have serious reasons for wishing to see me?" "very grave ones; the natives are surrounding us in their canoes, and in a few minutes we shall certainly be attacked by many hundreds of savages." "ah!" said captain nemo quietly, "they are come with their canoes?" "yes, sir." "well, sir, we must close the hatches." "exactly, and i came to say to you----" "nothing can be more simple," said captain nemo. and, pressing an electric button, he transmitted an order to the ship's crew. "it is all done, sir," said he, after some moments. "the pinnace is ready, and the hatches are closed. you do not fear, i imagine, that these gentlemen could stave in walls on which the balls of your frigate have had no effect?" "no, captain; but a danger still exists." "what is that, sir?" "it is that to-morrow, at about this hour, we must open the hatches to renew the air of the nautilus. now, if, at this moment, the papuans should occupy the platform, i do not see how you could prevent them from entering." "then, sir, you suppose that they will board us?" "i am certain of it." "well, sir, let them come. i see no reason for hindering them. after all, these papuans are poor creatures, and i am unwilling that my visit to the island should cost the life of a single one of these wretches." upon that i was going away; but captain nemo detained me, and asked me to sit down by him. he questioned me with interest about our excursions on shore, and our hunting; and seemed not to understand the craving for meat that possessed the canadian. then the conversation turned on various subjects, and, without being more communicative, captain nemo showed himself more amiable. amongst other things, we happened to speak of the situation of the nautilus, run aground in exactly the same spot in this strait where dumont d'urville was nearly lost. apropos of this: "this d'urville was one of your great sailors," said the captain to me, "one of your most intelligent navigators. he is the captain cook of you frenchmen. unfortunate man of science, after having braved the icebergs of the south pole, the coral reefs of oceania, the cannibals of the pacific, to perish miserably in a railway train! if this energetic man could have reflected during the last moments of his life, what must have been uppermost in his last thoughts, do you suppose?" so speaking, captain nemo seemed moved, and his emotion gave me a better opinion of him. then, chart in hand, we reviewed the travels of the french navigator, his voyages of circumnavigation, his double detention at the south pole, which led to the discovery of adelaide and louis philippe, and fixing the hydrographical bearings of the principal islands of oceania. "that which your d'urville has done on the surface of the seas," said captain nemo, "that have i done under them, and more easily, more completely than he. the astrolabe and the zelee, incessantly tossed about by the hurricane, could not be worth the nautilus, quiet repository of labour that she is, truly motionless in the midst of the waters. "to-morrow," added the captain, rising, "to-morrow, at twenty minutes to three p.m., the nautilus shall float, and leave the strait of torres uninjured." having curtly pronounced these words, captain nemo bowed slightly. this was to dismiss me, and i went back to my room. there i found conseil, who wished to know the result of my interview with the captain. "my boy," said i, "when i feigned to believe that his nautilus was threatened by the natives of papua, the captain answered me very sarcastically. i have but one thing to say to you: have confidence in him, and go to sleep in peace." "have you no need of my services, sir?" "no, my friend. what is ned land doing?" "if you will excuse me, sir," answered conseil, "friend ned is busy making a kangaroo-pie which will be a marvel." i remained alone and went to bed, but slept indifferently. i heard the noise of the savages, who stamped on the platform, uttering deafening cries. the night passed thus, without disturbing the ordinary repose of the crew. the presence of these cannibals affected them no more than the soldiers of a masked battery care for the ants that crawl over its front. at six in the morning i rose. the hatches had not been opened. the inner air was not renewed, but the reservoirs, filled ready for any emergency, were now resorted to, and discharged several cubic feet of oxygen into the exhausted atmosphere of the nautilus. i worked in my room till noon, without having seen captain nemo, even for an instant. on board no preparations for departure were visible. i waited still some time, then went into the large saloon. the clock marked half-past two. in ten minutes it would be high-tide: and, if captain nemo had not made a rash promise, the nautilus would be immediately detached. if not, many months would pass ere she could leave her bed of coral. however, some warning vibrations began to be felt in the vessel. i heard the keel grating against the rough calcareous bottom of the coral reef. at five-and-twenty minutes to three, captain nemo appeared in the saloon. "we are going to start," said he. "ah!" replied i. "i have given the order to open the hatches." "and the papuans?" "the papuans?" answered captain nemo, slightly shrugging his shoulders. "will they not come inside the nautilus?" "how?" "only by leaping over the hatches you have opened." "m. aronnax," quietly answered captain nemo, "they will not enter the hatches of the nautilus in that way, even if they were open." i looked at the captain. "you do not understand?" said he. "hardly." "well, come and you will see." i directed my steps towards the central staircase. there ned land and conseil were slyly watching some of the ship's crew, who were opening the hatches, while cries of rage and fearful vociferations resounded outside. the port lids were pulled down outside. twenty horrible faces appeared. but the first native who placed his hand on the stair-rail, struck from behind by some invisible force, i know not what, fled, uttering the most fearful cries and making the wildest contortions. ten of his companions followed him. they met with the same fate. conseil was in ecstasy. ned land, carried away by his violent instincts, rushed on to the staircase. but the moment he seized the rail with both hands, he, in his turn, was overthrown. "i am struck by a thunderbolt," cried he, with an oath. this explained all. it was no rail; but a metallic cable charged with electricity from the deck communicating with the platform. whoever touched it felt a powerful shock--and this shock would have been mortal if captain nemo had discharged into the conductor the whole force of the current. it might truly be said that between his assailants and himself he had stretched a network of electricity which none could pass with impunity. meanwhile, the exasperated papuans had beaten a retreat paralysed with terror. as for us, half laughing, we consoled and rubbed the unfortunate ned land, who swore like one possessed. but at this moment the nautilus, raised by the last waves of the tide, quitted her coral bed exactly at the fortieth minute fixed by the captain. her screw swept the waters slowly and majestically. her speed increased gradually, and, sailing on the surface of the ocean, she quitted safe and sound the dangerous passes of the straits of torres. chapter xxii "aegri somnia" the following day th january, the nautilus continued her course between two seas, but with such remarkable speed that i could not estimate it at less than thirty-five miles an hour. the rapidity of her screw was such that i could neither follow nor count its revolutions. when i reflected that this marvellous electric agent, after having afforded motion, heat, and light to the nautilus, still protected her from outward attack, and transformed her into an ark of safety which no profane hand might touch without being thunderstricken, my admiration was unbounded, and from the structure it extended to the engineer who had called it into existence. our course was directed to the west, and on the th of january we doubled cape wessel, situation in ° long. and ° s. lat., which forms the east point of the gulf of carpentaria. the reefs were still numerous, but more equalised, and marked on the chart with extreme precision. the nautilus easily avoided the breakers of money to port and the victoria reefs to starboard, placed at ° long. and on the th parallel, which we strictly followed. on the th of january, captain nemo arrived in the sea of timor, and recognised the island of that name in ° long. from this point the direction of the nautilus inclined towards the south-west. her head was set for the indian ocean. where would the fancy of captain nemo carry us next? would he return to the coast of asia or would he approach again the shores of europe? improbable conjectures both, to a man who fled from inhabited continents. then would he descend to the south? was he going to double the cape of good hope, then cape horn, and finally go as far as the antarctic pole? would he come back at last to the pacific, where his nautilus could sail free and independently? time would show. after having skirted the sands of cartier, of hibernia, seringapatam, and scott, last efforts of the solid against the liquid element, on the th of january we lost sight of land altogether. the speed of the nautilus was considerably abated, and with irregular course she sometimes swam in the bosom of the waters, sometimes floated on their surface. during this period of the voyage, captain nemo made some interesting experiments on the varied temperature of the sea, in different beds. under ordinary conditions these observations are made by means of rather complicated instruments, and with somewhat doubtful results, by means of thermometrical sounding-leads, the glasses often breaking under the pressure of the water, or an apparatus grounded on the variations of the resistance of metals to the electric currents. results so obtained could not be correctly calculated. on the contrary, captain nemo went himself to test the temperature in the depths of the sea, and his thermometer, placed in communication with the different sheets of water, gave him the required degree immediately and accurately. it was thus that, either by overloading her reservoirs or by descending obliquely by means of her inclined planes, the nautilus successively attained the depth of three, four, five, seven, nine, and ten thousand yards, and the definite result of this experience was that the sea preserved an average temperature of four degrees and a half at a depth of five thousand fathoms under all latitudes. on the th of january, the nautilus seemed becalmed only a few yards beneath the surface of the waves. her electric apparatus remained inactive and her motionless screw left her to drift at the mercy of the currents. i supposed that the crew was occupied with interior repairs, rendered necessary by the violence of the mechanical movements of the machine. my companions and i then witnessed a curious spectacle. the hatches of the saloon were open, and, as the beacon light of the nautilus was not in action, a dim obscurity reigned in the midst of the waters. i observed the state of the sea, under these conditions, and the largest fish appeared to me no more than scarcely defined shadows, when the nautilus found herself suddenly transported into full light. i thought at first that the beacon had been lighted, and was casting its electric radiance into the liquid mass. i was mistaken, and after a rapid survey perceived my error. the nautilus floated in the midst of a phosphorescent bed which, in this obscurity, became quite dazzling. it was produced by myriads of luminous animalculae, whose brilliancy was increased as they glided over the metallic hull of the vessel. i was surprised by lightning in the midst of these luminous sheets, as though they had been rivulets of lead melted in an ardent furnace or metallic masses brought to a white heat, so that, by force of contrast, certain portions of light appeared to cast a shade in the midst of the general ignition, from which all shade seemed banished. no; this was not the calm irradiation of our ordinary lightning. there was unusual life and vigour: this was truly living light! in reality, it was an infinite agglomeration of coloured infusoria, of veritable globules of jelly, provided with a threadlike tentacle, and of which as many as twenty-five thousand have been counted in less than two cubic half-inches of water. during several hours the nautilus floated in these brilliant waves, and our admiration increased as we watched the marine monsters disporting themselves like salamanders. i saw there in the midst of this fire that burns not the swift and elegant porpoise (the indefatigable clown of the ocean), and some swordfish ten feet long, those prophetic heralds of the hurricane whose formidable sword would now and then strike the glass of the saloon. then appeared the smaller fish, the balista, the leaping mackerel, wolf-thorn-tails, and a hundred others which striped the luminous atmosphere as they swam. this dazzling spectacle was enchanting! perhaps some atmospheric condition increased the intensity of this phenomenon. perhaps some storm agitated the surface of the waves. but at this depth of some yards, the nautilus was unmoved by its fury and reposed peacefully in still water. so we progressed, incessantly charmed by some new marvel. the days passed rapidly away, and i took no account of them. ned, according to habit, tried to vary the diet on board. like snails, we were fixed to our shells, and i declare it is easy to lead a snail's life. thus this life seemed easy and natural, and we thought no longer of the life we led on land; but something happened to recall us to the strangeness of our situation. on the th of january, the nautilus was in ° long. and ° s. lat. the weather was threatening, the sea rough and rolling. there was a strong east wind. the barometer, which had been going down for some days, foreboded a coming storm. i went up on to the platform just as the second lieutenant was taking the measure of the horary angles, and waited, according to habit till the daily phrase was said. but on this day it was exchanged for another phrase not less incomprehensible. almost directly, i saw captain nemo appear with a glass, looking towards the horizon. for some minutes he was immovable, without taking his eye off the point of observation. then he lowered his glass and exchanged a few words with his lieutenant. the latter seemed to be a victim to some emotion that he tried in vain to repress. captain nemo, having more command over himself, was cool. he seemed, too, to be making some objections to which the lieutenant replied by formal assurances. at least i concluded so by the difference of their tones and gestures. for myself, i had looked carefully in the direction indicated without seeing anything. the sky and water were lost in the clear line of the horizon. however, captain nemo walked from one end of the platform to the other, without looking at me, perhaps without seeing me. his step was firm, but less regular than usual. he stopped sometimes, crossed his arms, and observed the sea. what could he be looking for on that immense expanse? the nautilus was then some hundreds of miles from the nearest coast. the lieutenant had taken up the glass and examined the horizon steadfastly, going and coming, stamping his foot and showing more nervous agitation than his superior officer. besides, this mystery must necessarily be solved, and before long; for, upon an order from captain nemo, the engine, increasing its propelling power, made the screw turn more rapidly. just then the lieutenant drew the captain's attention again. the latter stopped walking and directed his glass towards the place indicated. he looked long. i felt very much puzzled, and descended to the drawing-room, and took out an excellent telescope that i generally used. then, leaning on the cage of the watch-light that jutted out from the front of the platform, set myself to look over all the line of the sky and sea. but my eye was no sooner applied to the glass than it was quickly snatched out of my hands. i turned round. captain nemo was before me, but i did not know him. his face was transfigured. his eyes flashed sullenly; his teeth were set; his stiff body, clenched fists, and head shrunk between his shoulders, betrayed the violent agitation that pervaded his whole frame. he did not move. my glass, fallen from his hands, had rolled at his feet. had i unwittingly provoked this fit of anger? did this incomprehensible person imagine that i had discovered some forbidden secret? no; i was not the object of this hatred, for he was not looking at me; his eye was steadily fixed upon the impenetrable point of the horizon. at last captain nemo recovered himself. his agitation subsided. he addressed some words in a foreign language to his lieutenant, then turned to me. "m. aronnax," he said, in rather an imperious tone, "i require you to keep one of the conditions that bind you to me." "what is it, captain?" "you must be confined, with your companions, until i think fit to release you." "you are the master," i replied, looking steadily at him. "but may i ask you one question?" "none, sir." there was no resisting this imperious command, it would have been useless. i went down to the cabin occupied by ned land and conseil, and told them the captain's determination. you may judge how this communication was received by the canadian. but there was not time for altercation. four of the crew waited at the door, and conducted us to that cell where we had passed our first night on board the nautilus. ned land would have remonstrated, but the door was shut upon him. "will master tell me what this means?" asked conseil. i told my companions what had passed. they were as much astonished as i, and equally at a loss how to account for it. meanwhile, i was absorbed in my own reflections, and could think of nothing but the strange fear depicted in the captain's countenance. i was utterly at a loss to account for it, when my cogitations were disturbed by these words from ned land: "hallo! breakfast is ready." and indeed the table was laid. evidently captain nemo had given this order at the same time that he had hastened the speed of the nautilus. "will master permit me to make a recommendation?" asked conseil. "yes, my boy." "well, it is that master breakfasts. it is prudent, for we do not know what may happen." "you are right, conseil." "unfortunately," said ned land, "they have only given us the ship's fare." "friend ned," asked conseil, "what would you have said if the breakfast had been entirely forgotten?" this argument cut short the harpooner's recriminations. we sat down to table. the meal was eaten in silence. just then the luminous globe that lighted the cell went out, and left us in total darkness. ned land was soon asleep, and what astonished me was that conseil went off into a heavy slumber. i was thinking what could have caused his irresistible drowsiness, when i felt my brain becoming stupefied. in spite of my efforts to keep my eyes open, they would close. a painful suspicion seized me. evidently soporific substances had been mixed with the food we had just taken. imprisonment was not enough to conceal captain nemo's projects from us, sleep was more necessary. i then heard the panels shut. the undulations of the sea, which caused a slight rolling motion, ceased. had the nautilus quitted the surface of the ocean? had it gone back to the motionless bed of water? i tried to resist sleep. it was impossible. my breathing grew weak. i felt a mortal cold freeze my stiffened and half-paralysed limbs. my eye lids, like leaden caps, fell over my eyes. i could not raise them; a morbid sleep, full of hallucinations, bereft me of my being. then the visions disappeared, and left me in complete insensibility. chapter xxiii the coral kingdom the next day i woke with my head singularly clear. to my great surprise, i was in my own room. my companions, no doubt, had been reinstated in their cabin, without having perceived it any more than i. of what had passed during the night they were as ignorant as i was, and to penetrate this mystery i only reckoned upon the chances of the future. i then thought of quitting my room. was i free again or a prisoner? quite free. i opened the door, went to the half-deck, went up the central stairs. the panels, shut the evening before, were open. i went on to the platform. ned land and conseil waited there for me. i questioned them; they knew nothing. lost in a heavy sleep in which they had been totally unconscious, they had been astonished at finding themselves in their cabin. as for the nautilus, it seemed quiet and mysterious as ever. it floated on the surface of the waves at a moderate pace. nothing seemed changed on board. the second lieutenant then came on to the platform, and gave the usual order below. as for captain nemo, he did not appear. of the people on board, i only saw the impassive steward, who served me with his usual dumb regularity. about two o'clock, i was in the drawing-room, busied in arranging my notes, when the captain opened the door and appeared. i bowed. he made a slight inclination in return, without speaking. i resumed my work, hoping that he would perhaps give me some explanation of the events of the preceding night. he made none. i looked at him. he seemed fatigued; his heavy eyes had not been refreshed by sleep; his face looked very sorrowful. he walked to and fro, sat down and got up again, took a chance book, put it down, consulted his instruments without taking his habitual notes, and seemed restless and uneasy. at last, he came up to me, and said: "are you a doctor, m. aronnax?" i so little expected such a question that i stared some time at him without answering. "are you a doctor?" he repeated. "several of your colleagues have studied medicine." "well," said i, "i am a doctor and resident surgeon to the hospital. i practised several years before entering the museum." "very well, sir." my answer had evidently satisfied the captain. but, not knowing what he would say next, i waited for other questions, reserving my answers according to circumstances. "m. aronnax, will you consent to prescribe for one of my men?" he asked. "is he ill?" "yes." "i am ready to follow you." "come, then." i own my heart beat, i do not know why. i saw certain connection between the illness of one of the crew and the events of the day before; and this mystery interested me at least as much as the sick man. captain nemo conducted me to the poop of the nautilus, and took me into a cabin situated near the sailors' quarters. there, on a bed, lay a man about forty years of age, with a resolute expression of countenance, a true type of an anglo-saxon. i leant over him. he was not only ill, he was wounded. his head, swathed in bandages covered with blood, lay on a pillow. i undid the bandages, and the wounded man looked at me with his large eyes and gave no sign of pain as i did it. it was a horrible wound. the skull, shattered by some deadly weapon, left the brain exposed, which was much injured. clots of blood had formed in the bruised and broken mass, in colour like the dregs of wine. there was both contusion and suffusion of the brain. his breathing was slow, and some spasmodic movements of the muscles agitated his face. i felt his pulse. it was intermittent. the extremities of the body were growing cold already, and i saw death must inevitably ensue. after dressing the unfortunate man's wounds, i readjusted the bandages on his head, and turned to captain nemo. "what caused this wound?" i asked. "what does it signify?" he replied, evasively. "a shock has broken one of the levers of the engine, which struck myself. but your opinion as to his state?" i hesitated before giving it. "you may speak," said the captain. "this man does not understand french." i gave a last look at the wounded man. "he will be dead in two hours." "can nothing save him?" "nothing." captain nemo's hand contracted, and some tears glistened in his eyes, which i thought incapable of shedding any. for some moments i still watched the dying man, whose life ebbed slowly. his pallor increased under the electric light that was shed over his death-bed. i looked at his intelligent forehead, furrowed with premature wrinkles, produced probably by misfortune and sorrow. i tried to learn the secret of his life from the last words that escaped his lips. "you can go now, m. aronnax," said the captain. i left him in the dying man's cabin, and returned to my room much affected by this scene. during the whole day, i was haunted by uncomfortable suspicions, and at night i slept badly, and between my broken dreams i fancied i heard distant sighs like the notes of a funeral psalm. were they the prayers of the dead, murmured in that language that i could not understand? the next morning i went on to the bridge. captain nemo was there before me. as soon as he perceived me he came to me. "professor, will it be convenient to you to make a submarine excursion to-day?" "with my companions?" i asked. "if they like." "we obey your orders, captain." "will you be so good then as to put on your cork jackets?" it was not a question of dead or dying. i rejoined ned land and conseil, and told them of captain nemo's proposition. conseil hastened to accept it, and this time the canadian seemed quite willing to follow our example. it was eight o'clock in the morning. at half-past eight we were equipped for this new excursion, and provided with two contrivances for light and breathing. the double door was open; and, accompanied by captain nemo, who was followed by a dozen of the crew, we set foot, at a depth of about thirty feet, on the solid bottom on which the nautilus rested. a slight declivity ended in an uneven bottom, at fifteen fathoms depth. this bottom differed entirely from the one i had visited on my first excursion under the waters of the pacific ocean. here, there was no fine sand, no submarine prairies, no sea-forest. i immediately recognised that marvellous region in which, on that day, the captain did the honours to us. it was the coral kingdom. the light produced a thousand charming varieties, playing in the midst of the branches that were so vividly coloured. i seemed to see the membraneous and cylindrical tubes tremble beneath the undulation of the waters. i was tempted to gather their fresh petals, ornamented with delicate tentacles, some just blown, the others budding, while a small fish, swimming swiftly, touched them slightly, like flights of birds. but if my hand approached these living flowers, these animated, sensitive plants, the whole colony took alarm. the white petals re-entered their red cases, the flowers faded as i looked, and the bush changed into a block of stony knobs. chance had thrown me just by the most precious specimens of the zoophyte. this coral was more valuable than that found in the mediterranean, on the coasts of france, italy and barbary. its tints justified the poetical names of "flower of blood," and "froth of blood," that trade has given to its most beautiful productions. coral is sold for l per ounce; and in this place the watery beds would make the fortunes of a company of coral-divers. this precious matter, often confused with other polypi, formed then the inextricable plots called "macciota," and on which i noticed several beautiful specimens of pink coral. but soon the bushes contract, and the arborisations increase. real petrified thickets, long joints of fantastic architecture, were disclosed before us. captain nemo placed himself under a dark gallery, where by a slight declivity we reached a depth of a hundred yards. the light from our lamps produced sometimes magical effects, following the rough outlines of the natural arches and pendants disposed like lustres, that were tipped with points of fire. at last, after walking two hours, we had attained a depth of about three hundred yards, that is to say, the extreme limit on which coral begins to form. but there was no isolated bush, nor modest brushwood, at the bottom of lofty trees. it was an immense forest of large mineral vegetations, enormous petrified trees, united by garlands of elegant sea-bindweed, all adorned with clouds and reflections. we passed freely under their high branches, lost in the shade of the waves. captain nemo had stopped. i and my companions halted, and, turning round, i saw his men were forming a semi-circle round their chief. watching attentively, i observed that four of them carried on their shoulders an object of an oblong shape. we occupied, in this place, the centre of a vast glade surrounded by the lofty foliage of the submarine forest. our lamps threw over this place a sort of clear twilight that singularly elongated the shadows on the ground. at the end of the glade the darkness increased, and was only relieved by little sparks reflected by the points of coral. ned land and conseil were near me. we watched, and i thought i was going to witness a strange scene. on observing the ground, i saw that it was raised in certain places by slight excrescences encrusted with limy deposits, and disposed with a regularity that betrayed the hand of man. in the midst of the glade, on a pedestal of rocks roughly piled up, stood a cross of coral that extended its long arms that one might have thought were made of petrified blood. upon a sign from captain nemo one of the men advanced; and at some feet from the cross he began to dig a hole with a pickaxe that he took from his belt. i understood all! this glade was a cemetery, this hole a tomb, this oblong object the body of the man who had died in the night! the captain and his men had come to bury their companion in this general resting-place, at the bottom of this inaccessible ocean! the grave was being dug slowly; the fish fled on all sides while their retreat was being thus disturbed; i heard the strokes of the pickaxe, which sparkled when it hit upon some flint lost at the bottom of the waters. the hole was soon large and deep enough to receive the body. then the bearers approached; the body, enveloped in a tissue of white linen, was lowered into the damp grave. captain nemo, with his arms crossed on his breast, and all the friends of him who had loved them, knelt in prayer. the grave was then filled in with the rubbish taken from the ground, which formed a slight mound. when this was done, captain nemo and his men rose; then, approaching the grave, they knelt again, and all extended their hands in sign of a last adieu. then the funeral procession returned to the nautilus, passing under the arches of the forest, in the midst of thickets, along the coral bushes, and still on the ascent. at last the light of the ship appeared, and its luminous track guided us to the nautilus. at one o'clock we had returned. as soon as i had changed my clothes i went up on to the platform, and, a prey to conflicting emotions, i sat down near the binnacle. captain nemo joined me. i rose and said to him: "so, as i said he would, this man died in the night?" "yes, m. aronnax." "and he rests now, near his companions, in the coral cemetery?" "yes, forgotten by all else, but not by us. we dug the grave, and the polypi undertake to seal our dead for eternity." and, burying his face quickly in his hands, he tried in vain to suppress a sob. then he added: "our peaceful cemetery is there, some hundred feet below the surface of the waves." "your dead sleep quietly, at least, captain, out of the reach of sharks." "yes, sir, of sharks and men," gravely replied the captain. part two chapter i the indian ocean we now come to the second part of our journey under the sea. the first ended with the moving scene in the coral cemetery which left such a deep impression on my mind. thus, in the midst of this great sea, captain nemo's life was passing, even to his grave, which he had prepared in one of its deepest abysses. there, not one of the ocean's monsters could trouble the last sleep of the crew of the nautilus, of those friends riveted to each other in death as in life. "nor any man, either," had added the captain. still the same fierce, implacable defiance towards human society! i could no longer content myself with the theory which satisfied conseil. that worthy fellow persisted in seeing in the commander of the nautilus one of those unknown _savants_ who return mankind contempt for indifference. for him, he was a misunderstood genius who, tired of earth's deceptions, had taken refuge in this inaccessible medium, where he might follow his instincts freely. to my mind, this explains but one side of captain nemo's character. indeed, the mystery of that last night during which we had been chained in prison, the sleep, and the precaution so violently taken by the captain of snatching from my eyes the glass i had raised to sweep the horizon, the mortal wound of the man, due to an unaccountable shock of the nautilus, all put me on a new track. no; captain nemo was not satisfied with shunning man. his formidable apparatus not only suited his instinct of freedom, but perhaps also the design of some terrible retaliation. at this moment nothing is clear to me; i catch but a glimpse of light amidst all the darkness, and i must confine myself to writing as events shall dictate. that day, the th of january, , at noon, the second officer came to take the altitude of the sun. i mounted the platform, lit a cigar, and watched the operation. it seemed to me that the man did not understand french; for several times i made remarks in a loud voice, which must have drawn from him some involuntary sign of attention, if he had understood them; but he remained undisturbed and dumb. as he was taking observations with the sextant, one of the sailors of the nautilus (the strong man who had accompanied us on our first submarine excursion to the island of crespo) came to clean the glasses of the lantern. i examined the fittings of the apparatus, the strength of which was increased a hundredfold by lenticular rings, placed similar to those in a lighthouse, and which projected their brilliance in a horizontal plane. the electric lamp was combined in such a way as to give its most powerful light. indeed, it was produced in vacuo, which insured both its steadiness and its intensity. this vacuum economised the graphite points between which the luminous arc was developed--an important point of economy for captain nemo, who could not easily have replaced them; and under these conditions their waste was imperceptible. when the nautilus was ready to continue its submarine journey, i went down to the saloon. the panel was closed, and the course marked direct west. we were furrowing the waters of the indian ocean, a vast liquid plain, with a surface of , , , of acres, and whose waters are so clear and transparent that any one leaning over them would turn giddy. the nautilus usually floated between fifty and a hundred fathoms deep. we went on so for some days. to anyone but myself, who had a great love for the sea, the hours would have seemed long and monotonous; but the daily walks on the platform, when i steeped myself in the reviving air of the ocean, the sight of the rich waters through the windows of the saloon, the books in the library, the compiling of my memoirs, took up all my time, and left me not a moment of ennui or weariness. for some days we saw a great number of aquatic birds, sea-mews or gulls. some were cleverly killed and, prepared in a certain way, made very acceptable water-game. amongst large-winged birds, carried a long distance from all lands and resting upon the waves from the fatigue of their flight, i saw some magnificent albatrosses, uttering discordant cries like the braying of an ass, and birds belonging to the family of the long-wings. as to the fish, they always provoked our admiration when we surprised the secrets of their aquatic life through the open panels. i saw many kinds which i never before had a chance of observing. i shall notice chiefly ostracions peculiar to the red sea, the indian ocean, and that part which washes the coast of tropical america. these fishes, like the tortoise, the armadillo, the sea-hedgehog, and the crustacea, are protected by a breastplate which is neither chalky nor stony, but real bone. in some it takes the form of a solid triangle, in others of a solid quadrangle. amongst the triangular i saw some an inch and a half in length, with wholesome flesh and a delicious flavour; they are brown at the tail, and yellow at the fins, and i recommend their introduction into fresh water, to which a certain number of sea-fish easily accustom themselves. i would also mention quadrangular ostracions, having on the back four large tubercles; some dotted over with white spots on the lower part of the body, and which may be tamed like birds; trigons provided with spikes formed by the lengthening of their bony shell, and which, from their strange gruntings, are called "seapigs"; also dromedaries with large humps in the shape of a cone, whose flesh is very tough and leathery. i now borrow from the daily notes of master conseil. "certain fish of the genus petrodon peculiar to those seas, with red backs and white chests, which are distinguished by three rows of longitudinal filaments; and some electrical, seven inches long, decked in the liveliest colours. then, as specimens of other kinds, some ovoides, resembling an egg of a dark brown colour, marked with white bands, and without tails; diodons, real sea-porcupines, furnished with spikes, and capable of swelling in such a way as to look like cushions bristling with darts; hippocampi, common to every ocean; some pegasi with lengthened snouts, which their pectoral fins, being much elongated and formed in the shape of wings, allow, if not to fly, at least to shoot into the air; pigeon spatulae, with tails covered with many rings of shell; macrognathi with long jaws, an excellent fish, nine inches long, and bright with most agreeable colours; pale-coloured calliomores, with rugged heads; and plenty of chaetpdons, with long and tubular muzzles, which kill insects by shooting them, as from an air-gun, with a single drop of water. these we may call the flycatchers of the seas. "in the eighty-ninth genus of fishes, classed by lacepede, belonging to the second lower class of bony, characterised by opercules and bronchial membranes, i remarked the scorpaena, the head of which is furnished with spikes, and which has but one dorsal fin; these creatures are covered, or not, with little shells, according to the sub-class to which they belong. the second sub-class gives us specimens of didactyles fourteen or fifteen inches in length, with yellow rays, and heads of a most fantastic appearance. as to the first sub-class, it gives several specimens of that singular looking fish appropriately called a 'seafrog,' with large head, sometimes pierced with holes, sometimes swollen with protuberances, bristling with spikes, and covered with tubercles; it has irregular and hideous horns; its body and tail are covered with callosities; its sting makes a dangerous wound; it is both repugnant and horrible to look at." from the st to the rd of january the nautilus went at the rate of two hundred and fifty leagues in twenty-four hours, being five hundred and forty miles, or twenty-two miles an hour. if we recognised so many different varieties of fish, it was because, attracted by the electric light, they tried to follow us; the greater part, however, were soon distanced by our speed, though some kept their place in the waters of the nautilus for a time. the morning of the th, in ° ' s. lat., and ° ' long., we observed keeling island, a coral formation, planted with magnificent cocos, and which had been visited by mr. darwin and captain fitzroy. the nautilus skirted the shores of this desert island for a little distance. its nets brought up numerous specimens of polypi and curious shells of mollusca. some precious productions of the species of delphinulae enriched the treasures of captain nemo, to which i added an astraea punctifera, a kind of parasite polypus often found fixed to a shell. soon keeling island disappeared from the horizon, and our course was directed to the north-west in the direction of the indian peninsula. from keeling island our course was slower and more variable, often taking us into great depths. several times they made use of the inclined planes, which certain internal levers placed obliquely to the waterline. in that way we went about two miles, but without ever obtaining the greatest depths of the indian sea, which soundings of seven thousand fathoms have never reached. as to the temperature of the lower strata, the thermometer invariably indicated ° above zero. i only observed that in the upper regions the water was always colder in the high levels than at the surface of the sea. on the th of january the ocean was entirely deserted; the nautilus passed the day on the surface, beating the waves with its powerful screw and making them rebound to a great height. who under such circumstances would not have taken it for a gigantic cetacean? three parts of this day i spent on the platform. i watched the sea. nothing on the horizon, till about four o'clock a steamer running west on our counter. her masts were visible for an instant, but she could not see the nautilus, being too low in the water. i fancied this steamboat belonged to the p.o. company, which runs from ceylon to sydney, touching at king george's point and melbourne. at five o'clock in the evening, before that fleeting twilight which binds night to day in tropical zones, conseil and i were astonished by a curious spectacle. it was a shoal of argonauts travelling along on the surface of the ocean. we could count several hundreds. they belonged to the tubercle kind which are peculiar to the indian seas. these graceful molluscs moved backwards by means of their locomotive tube, through which they propelled the water already drawn in. of their eight tentacles, six were elongated, and stretched out floating on the water, whilst the other two, rolled up flat, were spread to the wing like a light sail. i saw their spiral-shaped and fluted shells, which cuvier justly compares to an elegant skiff. a boat indeed! it bears the creature which secretes it without its adhering to it. for nearly an hour the nautilus floated in the midst of this shoal of molluscs. then i know not what sudden fright they took. but as if at a signal every sail was furled, the arms folded, the body drawn in, the shells turned over, changing their centre of gravity, and the whole fleet disappeared under the waves. never did the ships of a squadron manoeuvre with more unity. at that moment night fell suddenly, and the reeds, scarcely raised by the breeze, lay peaceably under the sides of the nautilus. the next day, th of january, we cut the equator at the eighty-second meridian and entered the northern hemisphere. during the day a formidable troop of sharks accompanied us, terrible creatures, which multiply in these seas and make them very dangerous. they were "cestracio philippi" sharks, with brown backs and whitish bellies, armed with eleven rows of teeth--eyed sharks--their throat being marked with a large black spot surrounded with white like an eye. there were also some isabella sharks, with rounded snouts marked with dark spots. these powerful creatures often hurled themselves at the windows of the saloon with such violence as to make us feel very insecure. at such times ned land was no longer master of himself. he wanted to go to the surface and harpoon the monsters, particularly certain smooth-hound sharks, whose mouth is studded with teeth like a mosaic; and large tiger-sharks nearly six yards long, the last named of which seemed to excite him more particularly. but the nautilus, accelerating her speed, easily left the most rapid of them behind. the th of january, at the entrance of the vast bay of bengal, we met repeatedly a forbidding spectacle, dead bodies floating on the surface of the water. they were the dead of the indian villages, carried by the ganges to the level of the sea, and which the vultures, the only undertakers of the country, had not been able to devour. but the sharks did not fail to help them at their funeral work. about seven o'clock in the evening, the nautilus, half-immersed, was sailing in a sea of milk. at first sight the ocean seemed lactified. was it the effect of the lunar rays? no; for the moon, scarcely two days old, was still lying hidden under the horizon in the rays of the sun. the whole sky, though lit by the sidereal rays, seemed black by contrast with the whiteness of the waters. conseil could not believe his eyes, and questioned me as to the cause of this strange phenomenon. happily i was able to answer him. "it is called a milk sea," i explained. "a large extent of white wavelets often to be seen on the coasts of amboyna, and in these parts of the sea." "but, sir," said conseil, "can you tell me what causes such an effect? for i suppose the water is not really turned into milk." "no, my boy; and the whiteness which surprises you is caused only by the presence of myriads of infusoria, a sort of luminous little worm, gelatinous and without colour, of the thickness of a hair, and whose length is not more than seven-thousandths of an inch. these insects adhere to one another sometimes for several leagues." "several leagues!" exclaimed conseil. "yes, my boy; and you need not try to compute the number of these infusoria. you will not be able, for, if i am not mistaken, ships have floated on these milk seas for more than forty miles." towards midnight the sea suddenly resumed its usual colour; but behind us, even to the limits of the horizon, the sky reflected the whitened waves, and for a long time seemed impregnated with the vague glimmerings of an aurora borealis. chapter ii a novel proposal of captain nemo's on the th of february, when at noon the nautilus came to the surface of the sea, in ° ' n. lat., there was land in sight about eight miles to westward. the first thing i noticed was a range of mountains about two thousand feet high, the shapes of which were most capricious. on taking the bearings, i knew that we were nearing the island of ceylon, the pearl which hangs from the lobe of the indian peninsula. captain nemo and his second appeared at this moment. the captain glanced at the map. then turning to me, said: "the island of ceylon, noted for its pearl-fisheries. would you like to visit one of them, m. aronnax?" "certainly, captain." "well, the thing is easy. though, if we see the fisheries, we shall not see the fishermen. the annual exportation has not yet begun. never mind, i will give orders to make for the gulf of manaar, where we shall arrive in the night." the captain said something to his second, who immediately went out. soon the nautilus returned to her native element, and the manometer showed that she was about thirty feet deep. "well, sir," said captain nemo, "you and your companions shall visit the bank of manaar, and if by chance some fisherman should be there, we shall see him at work." "agreed, captain!" "by the bye, m. aronnax you are not afraid of sharks?" "sharks!" exclaimed i. this question seemed a very hard one. "well?" continued captain nemo. "i admit, captain, that i am not yet very familiar with that kind of fish." "we are accustomed to them," replied captain nemo, "and in time you will be too. however, we shall be armed, and on the road we may be able to hunt some of the tribe. it is interesting. so, till to-morrow, sir, and early." this said in a careless tone, captain nemo left the saloon. now, if you were invited to hunt the bear in the mountains of switzerland, what would you say? "very well! to-morrow we will go and hunt the bear." if you were asked to hunt the lion in the plains of atlas, or the tiger in the indian jungles, what would you say? "ha! ha! it seems we are going to hunt the tiger or the lion!" but when you are invited to hunt the shark in its natural element, you would perhaps reflect before accepting the invitation. as for myself, i passed my hand over my forehead, on which stood large drops of cold perspiration. "let us reflect," said i, "and take our time. hunting otters in submarine forests, as we did in the island of crespo, will pass; but going up and down at the bottom of the sea, where one is almost certain to meet sharks, is quite another thing! i know well that in certain countries, particularly in the andaman islands, the negroes never hesitate to attack them with a dagger in one hand and a running noose in the other; but i also know that few who affront those creatures ever return alive. however, i am not a negro, and if i were i think a little hesitation in this case would not be ill-timed." at this moment conseil and the canadian entered, quite composed, and even joyous. they knew not what awaited them. "faith, sir," said ned land, "your captain nemo--the devil take him!--has just made us a very pleasant offer." "ah!" said i, "you know?" "if agreeable to you, sir," interrupted conseil, "the commander of the nautilus has invited us to visit the magnificent ceylon fisheries to-morrow, in your company; he did it kindly, and behaved like a real gentleman." "he said nothing more?" "nothing more, sir, except that he had already spoken to you of this little walk." "sir," said conseil, "would you give us some details of the pearl fishery?" "as to the fishing itself," i asked, "or the incidents, which?" "on the fishing," replied the canadian; "before entering upon the ground, it is as well to know something about it." "very well; sit down, my friends, and i will teach you." ned and conseil seated themselves on an ottoman, and the first thing the canadian asked was: "sir, what is a pearl?" "my worthy ned," i answered, "to the poet, a pearl is a tear of the sea; to the orientals, it is a drop of dew solidified; to the ladies, it is a jewel of an oblong shape, of a brilliancy of mother-of-pearl substance, which they wear on their fingers, their necks, or their ears; for the chemist it is a mixture of phosphate and carbonate of lime, with a little gelatine; and lastly, for naturalists, it is simply a morbid secretion of the organ that produces the mother-of-pearl amongst certain bivalves." "branch of molluscs," said conseil. "precisely so, my learned conseil; and, amongst these testacea the earshell, the tridacnae, the turbots, in a word, all those which secrete mother-of-pearl, that is, the blue, bluish, violet, or white substance which lines the interior of their shells, are capable of producing pearls." "mussels too?" asked the canadian. "yes, mussels of certain waters in scotland, wales, ireland, saxony, bohemia, and france." "good! for the future i shall pay attention," replied the canadian. "but," i continued, "the particular mollusc which secretes the pearl is the pearl-oyster, the meleagrina margaritiferct, that precious pintadine. the pearl is nothing but a nacreous formation, deposited in a globular form, either adhering to the oyster shell, or buried in the folds of the creature. on the shell it is fast; in the flesh it is loose; but always has for a kernel a small hard substance, may be a barren egg, may be a grain of sand, around which the pearly matter deposits itself year after year successively, and by thin concentric layers." "are many pearls found in the same oyster?" asked conseil. "yes, my boy. some are a perfect casket. one oyster has been mentioned, though i allow myself to doubt it, as having contained no less than a hundred and fifty sharks." "a hundred and fifty sharks!" exclaimed ned land. "did i say sharks?" said i hurriedly. "i meant to say a hundred and fifty pearls. sharks would not be sense." "certainly not," said conseil; "but will you tell us now by what means they extract these pearls?" "they proceed in various ways. when they adhere to the shell, the fishermen often pull them off with pincers; but the most common way is to lay the oysters on mats of the seaweed which covers the banks. thus they die in the open air; and at the end of ten days they are in a forward state of decomposition. they are then plunged into large reservoirs of sea-water; then they are opened and washed." "the price of these pearls varies according to their size?" asked conseil. "not only according to their size," i answered, "but also according to their shape, their water (that is, their colour), and their lustre: that is, that bright and diapered sparkle which makes them so charming to the eye. the most beautiful are called virgin pearls, or paragons. they are formed alone in the tissue of the mollusc, are white, often opaque, and sometimes have the transparency of an opal; they are generally round or oval. the round are made into bracelets, the oval into pendants, and, being more precious, are sold singly. those adhering to the shell of the oyster are more irregular in shape, and are sold by weight. lastly, in a lower order are classed those small pearls known under the name of seed-pearls; they are sold by measure, and are especially used in embroidery for church ornaments." "but," said conseil, "is this pearl-fishery dangerous?" "no," i answered, quickly; "particularly if certain precautions are taken." "what does one risk in such a calling?" said ned land, "the swallowing of some mouthfuls of sea-water?" "as you say, ned. by the bye," said i, trying to take captain nemo's careless tone, "are you afraid of sharks, brave ned?" "i!" replied the canadian; "a harpooner by profession? it is my trade to make light of them." "but," said i, "it is not a question of fishing for them with an iron-swivel, hoisting them into the vessel, cutting off their tails with a blow of a chopper, ripping them up, and throwing their heart into the sea!" "then, it is a question of----" "precisely." "in the water?" "in the water." "faith, with a good harpoon! you know, sir, these sharks are ill-fashioned beasts. they turn on their bellies to seize you, and in that time----" ned land had a way of saying "seize" which made my blood run cold. "well, and you, conseil, what do you think of sharks?" "me!" said conseil. "i will be frank, sir." "so much the better," thought i. "if you, sir, mean to face the sharks, i do not see why your faithful servant should not face them with you." chapter iii a pearl of ten millions the next morning at four o'clock i was awakened by the steward whom captain nemo had placed at my service. i rose hurriedly, dressed, and went into the saloon. captain nemo was awaiting me. "m. aronnax," said he, "are you ready to start?" "i am ready." "then please to follow me." "and my companions, captain?" "they have been told and are waiting." "are we not to put on our diver's dresses?" asked i. "not yet. i have not allowed the nautilus to come too near this coast, and we are some distance from the manaar bank; but the boat is ready, and will take us to the exact point of disembarking, which will save us a long way. it carries our diving apparatus, which we will put on when we begin our submarine journey." captain nemo conducted me to the central staircase, which led on the platform. ned and conseil were already there, delighted at the idea of the "pleasure party" which was preparing. five sailors from the nautilus, with their oars, waited in the boat, which had been made fast against the side. the night was still dark. layers of clouds covered the sky, allowing but few stars to be seen. i looked on the side where the land lay, and saw nothing but a dark line enclosing three parts of the horizon, from south-west to north west. the nautilus, having returned during the night up the western coast of ceylon, was now west of the bay, or rather gulf, formed by the mainland and the island of manaar. there, under the dark waters, stretched the pintadine bank, an inexhaustible field of pearls, the length of which is more than twenty miles. captain nemo, ned land, conseil, and i took our places in the stern of the boat. the master went to the tiller; his four companions leaned on their oars, the painter was cast off, and we sheered off. the boat went towards the south; the oarsmen did not hurry. i noticed that their strokes, strong in the water, only followed each other every ten seconds, according to the method generally adopted in the navy. whilst the craft was running by its own velocity, the liquid drops struck the dark depths of the waves crisply like spats of melted lead. a little billow, spreading wide, gave a slight roll to the boat, and some samphire reeds flapped before it. we were silent. what was captain nemo thinking of? perhaps of the land he was approaching, and which he found too near to him, contrary to the canadian's opinion, who thought it too far off. as to conseil, he was merely there from curiosity. about half-past five the first tints on the horizon showed the upper line of coast more distinctly. flat enough in the east, it rose a little to the south. five miles still lay between us, and it was indistinct owing to the mist on the water. at six o'clock it became suddenly daylight, with that rapidity peculiar to tropical regions, which know neither dawn nor twilight. the solar rays pierced the curtain of clouds, piled up on the eastern horizon, and the radiant orb rose rapidly. i saw land distinctly, with a few trees scattered here and there. the boat neared manaar island, which was rounded to the south. captain nemo rose from his seat and watched the sea. at a sign from him the anchor was dropped, but the chain scarcely ran, for it was little more than a yard deep, and this spot was one of the highest points of the bank of pintadines. "here we are, m. aronnax," said captain nemo. "you see that enclosed bay? here, in a month will be assembled the numerous fishing boats of the exporters, and these are the waters their divers will ransack so boldly. happily, this bay is well situated for that kind of fishing. it is sheltered from the strongest winds; the sea is never very rough here, which makes it favourable for the diver's work. we will now put on our dresses, and begin our walk." i did not answer, and, while watching the suspected waves, began with the help of the sailors to put on my heavy sea-dress. captain nemo and my companions were also dressing. none of the nautilus men were to accompany us on this new excursion. soon we were enveloped to the throat in india-rubber clothing; the air apparatus fixed to our backs by braces. as to the ruhmkorff apparatus, there was no necessity for it. before putting my head into the copper cap, i had asked the question of the captain. "they would be useless," he replied. "we are going to no great depth, and the solar rays will be enough to light our walk. besides, it would not be prudent to carry the electric light in these waters; its brilliancy might attract some of the dangerous inhabitants of the coast most inopportunely." as captain nemo pronounced these words, i turned to conseil and ned land. but my two friends had already encased their heads in the metal cap, and they could neither hear nor answer. one last question remained to ask of captain nemo. "and our arms?" asked i; "our guns?" "guns! what for? do not mountaineers attack the bear with a dagger in their hand, and is not steel surer than lead? here is a strong blade; put it in your belt, and we start." i looked at my companions; they were armed like us, and, more than that, ned land was brandishing an enormous harpoon, which he had placed in the boat before leaving the nautilus. then, following the captain's example, i allowed myself to be dressed in the heavy copper helmet, and our reservoirs of air were at once in activity. an instant after we were landed, one after the other, in about two yards of water upon an even sand. captain nemo made a sign with his hand, and we followed him by a gentle declivity till we disappeared under the waves. over our feet, like coveys of snipe in a bog, rose shoals of fish, of the genus monoptera, which have no other fins but their tail. i recognized the javanese, a real serpent two and a half feet long, of a livid colour underneath, and which might easily be mistaken for a conger eel if it were not for the golden stripes on its side. in the genus stromateus, whose bodies are very flat and oval, i saw some of the most brilliant colours, carrying their dorsal fin like a scythe; an excellent eating fish, which, dried and pickled, is known by the name of karawade; then some tranquebars, belonging to the genus apsiphoroides, whose body is covered with a shell cuirass of eight longitudinal plates. the heightening sun lit the mass of waters more and more. the soil changed by degrees. to the fine sand succeeded a perfect causeway of boulders, covered with a carpet of molluscs and zoophytes. amongst the specimens of these branches i noticed some placenae, with thin unequal shells, a kind of ostracion peculiar to the red sea and the indian ocean; some orange lucinae with rounded shells; rockfish three feet and a half long, which raised themselves under the waves like hands ready to seize one. there were also some panopyres, slightly luminous; and lastly, some oculines, like magnificent fans, forming one of the richest vegetations of these seas. in the midst of these living plants, and under the arbours of the hydrophytes, were layers of clumsy articulates, particularly some raninae, whose carapace formed a slightly rounded triangle; and some horrible looking parthenopes. at about seven o'clock we found ourselves at last surveying the oyster-banks on which the pearl-oysters are reproduced by millions. captain nemo pointed with his hand to the enormous heap of oysters; and i could well understand that this mine was inexhaustible, for nature's creative power is far beyond man's instinct of destruction. ned land, faithful to his instinct, hastened to fill a net which he carried by his side with some of the finest specimens. but we could not stop. we must follow the captain, who seemed to guide him self by paths known only to himself. the ground was sensibly rising, and sometimes, on holding up my arm, it was above the surface of the sea. then the level of the bank would sink capriciously. often we rounded high rocks scarped into pyramids. in their dark fractures huge crustacea, perched upon their high claws like some war-machine, watched us with fixed eyes, and under our feet crawled various kinds of annelides. at this moment there opened before us a large grotto dug in a picturesque heap of rocks and carpeted with all the thick warp of the submarine flora. at first it seemed very dark to me. the solar rays seemed to be extinguished by successive gradations, until its vague transparency became nothing more than drowned light. captain nemo entered; we followed. my eyes soon accustomed themselves to this relative state of darkness. i could distinguish the arches springing capriciously from natural pillars, standing broad upon their granite base, like the heavy columns of tuscan architecture. why had our incomprehensible guide led us to the bottom of this submarine crypt? i was soon to know. after descending a rather sharp declivity, our feet trod the bottom of a kind of circular pit. there captain nemo stopped, and with his hand indicated an object i had not yet perceived. it was an oyster of extraordinary dimensions, a gigantic tridacne, a goblet which could have contained a whole lake of holy-water, a basin the breadth of which was more than two yards and a half, and consequently larger than that ornamenting the saloon of the nautilus. i approached this extraordinary mollusc. it adhered by its filaments to a table of granite, and there, isolated, it developed itself in the calm waters of the grotto. i estimated the weight of this tridacne at lb. such an oyster would contain lb. of meat; and one must have the stomach of a gargantua to demolish some dozens of them. captain nemo was evidently acquainted with the existence of this bivalve, and seemed to have a particular motive in verifying the actual state of this tridacne. the shells were a little open; the captain came near and put his dagger between to prevent them from closing; then with his hand he raised the membrane with its fringed edges, which formed a cloak for the creature. there, between the folded plaits, i saw a loose pearl, whose size equalled that of a coco-nut. its globular shape, perfect clearness, and admirable lustre made it altogether a jewel of inestimable value. carried away by my curiosity, i stretched out my hand to seize it, weigh it, and touch it; but the captain stopped me, made a sign of refusal, and quickly withdrew his dagger, and the two shells closed suddenly. i then understood captain nemo's intention. in leaving this pearl hidden in the mantle of the tridacne he was allowing it to grow slowly. each year the secretions of the mollusc would add new concentric circles. i estimated its value at l , at least. after ten minutes captain nemo stopped suddenly. i thought he had halted previously to returning. no; by a gesture he bade us crouch beside him in a deep fracture of the rock, his hand pointed to one part of the liquid mass, which i watched attentively. about five yards from me a shadow appeared, and sank to the ground. the disquieting idea of sharks shot through my mind, but i was mistaken; and once again it was not a monster of the ocean that we had anything to do with. it was a man, a living man, an indian, a fisherman, a poor devil who, i suppose, had come to glean before the harvest. i could see the bottom of his canoe anchored some feet above his head. he dived and went up successively. a stone held between his feet, cut in the shape of a sugar loaf, whilst a rope fastened him to his boat, helped him to descend more rapidly. this was all his apparatus. reaching the bottom, about five yards deep, he went on his knees and filled his bag with oysters picked up at random. then he went up, emptied it, pulled up his stone, and began the operation once more, which lasted thirty seconds. the diver did not see us. the shadow of the rock hid us from sight. and how should this poor indian ever dream that men, beings like himself, should be there under the water watching his movements and losing no detail of the fishing? several times he went up in this way, and dived again. he did not carry away more than ten at each plunge, for he was obliged to pull them from the bank to which they adhered by means of their strong byssus. and how many of those oysters for which he risked his life had no pearl in them! i watched him closely; his manoeuvres were regular; and for the space of half an hour no danger appeared to threaten him. i was beginning to accustom myself to the sight of this interesting fishing, when suddenly, as the indian was on the ground, i saw him make a gesture of terror, rise, and make a spring to return to the surface of the sea. i understood his dread. a gigantic shadow appeared just above the unfortunate diver. it was a shark of enormous size advancing diagonally, his eyes on fire, and his jaws open. i was mute with horror and unable to move. the voracious creature shot towards the indian, who threw himself on one side to avoid the shark's fins; but not its tail, for it struck his chest and stretched him on the ground. this scene lasted but a few seconds: the shark returned, and, turning on his back, prepared himself for cutting the indian in two, when i saw captain nemo rise suddenly, and then, dagger in hand, walk straight to the monster, ready to fight face to face with him. the very moment the shark was going to snap the unhappy fisherman in two, he perceived his new adversary, and, turning over, made straight towards him. i can still see captain nemo's position. holding himself well together, he waited for the shark with admirable coolness; and, when it rushed at him, threw himself on one side with wonderful quickness, avoiding the shock, and burying his dagger deep into its side. but it was not all over. a terrible combat ensued. the shark had seemed to roar, if i might say so. the blood rushed in torrents from its wound. the sea was dyed red, and through the opaque liquid i could distinguish nothing more. nothing more until the moment when, like lightning, i saw the undaunted captain hanging on to one of the creature's fins, struggling, as it were, hand to hand with the monster, and dealing successive blows at his enemy, yet still unable to give a decisive one. the shark's struggles agitated the water with such fury that the rocking threatened to upset me. i wanted to go to the captain's assistance, but, nailed to the spot with horror, i could not stir. i saw the haggard eye; i saw the different phases of the fight. the captain fell to the earth, upset by the enormous mass which leant upon him. the shark's jaws opened wide, like a pair of factory shears, and it would have been all over with the captain; but, quick as thought, harpoon in hand, ned land rushed towards the shark and struck it with its sharp point. the waves were impregnated with a mass of blood. they rocked under the shark's movements, which beat them with indescribable fury. ned land had not missed his aim. it was the monster's death-rattle. struck to the heart, it struggled in dreadful convulsions, the shock of which overthrew conseil. but ned land had disentangled the captain, who, getting up without any wound, went straight to the indian, quickly cut the cord which held him to his stone, took him in his arms, and, with a sharp blow of his heel, mounted to the surface. we all three followed in a few seconds, saved by a miracle, and reached the fisherman's boat. captain nemo's first care was to recall the unfortunate man to life again. i did not think he could succeed. i hoped so, for the poor creature's immersion was not long; but the blow from the shark's tail might have been his death-blow. happily, with the captain's and conseil's sharp friction, i saw consciousness return by degrees. he opened his eyes. what was his surprise, his terror even, at seeing four great copper heads leaning over him! and, above all, what must he have thought when captain nemo, drawing from the pocket of his dress a bag of pearls, placed it in his hand! this munificent charity from the man of the waters to the poor cingalese was accepted with a trembling hand. his wondering eyes showed that he knew not to what super-human beings he owed both fortune and life. at a sign from the captain we regained the bank, and, following the road already traversed, came in about half an hour to the anchor which held the canoe of the nautilus to the earth. once on board, we each, with the help of the sailors, got rid of the heavy copper helmet. captain nemo's first word was to the canadian. "thank you, master land," said he. "it was in revenge, captain," replied ned land. "i owed you that." a ghastly smile passed across the captain's lips, and that was all. "to the nautilus," said he. the boat flew over the waves. some minutes after we met the shark's dead body floating. by the black marking of the extremity of its fins, i recognised the terrible melanopteron of the indian seas, of the species of shark so properly called. it was more than twenty-five feet long; its enormous mouth occupied one-third of its body. it was an adult, as was known by its six rows of teeth placed in an isosceles triangle in the upper jaw. whilst i was contemplating this inert mass, a dozen of these voracious beasts appeared round the boat; and, without noticing us, threw themselves upon the dead body and fought with one another for the pieces. at half-past eight we were again on board the nautilus. there i reflected on the incidents which had taken place in our excursion to the manaar bank. two conclusions i must inevitably draw from it--one bearing upon the unparalleled courage of captain nemo, the other upon his devotion to a human being, a representative of that race from which he fled beneath the sea. whatever he might say, this strange man had not yet succeeded in entirely crushing his heart. when i made this observation to him, he answered in a slightly moved tone: "that indian, sir, is an inhabitant of an oppressed country; and i am still, and shall be, to my last breath, one of them!" chapter iv the red sea in the course of the day of the th of january, the island of ceylon disappeared under the horizon, and the nautilus, at a speed of twenty miles an hour, slid into the labyrinth of canals which separate the maldives from the laccadives. it coasted even the island of kiltan, a land originally coraline, discovered by vasco da gama in , and one of the nineteen principal islands of the laccadive archipelago, situated between ° and ° ' n. lat., and ° ' " e. long. we had made , miles, or , (french) leagues from our starting-point in the japanese seas. the next day ( th january), when the nautilus went to the surface of the ocean there was no land in sight. its course was n.n.e., in the direction of the sea of oman, between arabia and the indian peninsula, which serves as an outlet to the persian gulf. it was evidently a block without any possible egress. where was captain nemo taking us to? i could not say. this, however, did not satisfy the canadian, who that day came to me asking where we were going. "we are going where our captain's fancy takes us, master ned." "his fancy cannot take us far, then," said the canadian. "the persian gulf has no outlet: and, if we do go in, it will not be long before we are out again." "very well, then, we will come out again, master land; and if, after the persian gulf, the nautilus would like to visit the red sea, the straits of bab-el-mandeb are there to give us entrance." "i need not tell you, sir," said ned land, "that the red sea is as much closed as the gulf, as the isthmus of suez is not yet cut; and, if it was, a boat as mysterious as ours would not risk itself in a canal cut with sluices. and again, the red sea is not the road to take us back to europe." "but i never said we were going back to europe." "what do you suppose, then?" "i suppose that, after visiting the curious coasts of arabia and egypt, the nautilus will go down the indian ocean again, perhaps cross the channel of mozambique, perhaps off the mascarenhas, so as to gain the cape of good hope." "and once at the cape of good hope?" asked the canadian, with peculiar emphasis. "well, we shall penetrate into that atlantic which we do not yet know. ah! friend ned, you are getting tired of this journey under the sea; you are surfeited with the incessantly varying spectacle of submarine wonders. for my part, i shall be sorry to see the end of a voyage which it is given to so few men to make." for four days, till the rd of february, the nautilus scoured the sea of oman, at various speeds and at various depths. it seemed to go at random, as if hesitating as to which road it should follow, but we never passed the tropic of cancer. in quitting this sea we sighted muscat for an instant, one of the most important towns of the country of oman. i admired its strange aspect, surrounded by black rocks upon which its white houses and forts stood in relief. i saw the rounded domes of its mosques, the elegant points of its minarets, its fresh and verdant terraces. but it was only a vision! the nautilus soon sank under the waves of that part of the sea. we passed along the arabian coast of mahrah and hadramaut, for a distance of six miles, its undulating line of mountains being occasionally relieved by some ancient ruin. the th of february we at last entered the gulf of aden, a perfect funnel introduced into the neck of bab-el-mandeb, through which the indian waters entered the red sea. the th of february, the nautilus floated in sight of aden, perched upon a promontory which a narrow isthmus joins to the mainland, a kind of inaccessible gibraltar, the fortifications of which were rebuilt by the english after taking possession in . i caught a glimpse of the octagon minarets of this town, which was at one time the richest commercial magazine on the coast. i certainly thought that captain nemo, arrived at this point, would back out again; but i was mistaken, for he did no such thing, much to my surprise. the next day, the th of february, we entered the straits of bab-el-mandeb, the name of which, in the arab tongue, means the gate of tears. to twenty miles in breadth, it is only thirty-two in length. and for the nautilus, starting at full speed, the crossing was scarcely the work of an hour. but i saw nothing, not even the island of perim, with which the british government has fortified the position of aden. there were too many english or french steamers of the line of suez to bombay, calcutta to melbourne, and from bourbon to the mauritius, furrowing this narrow passage, for the nautilus to venture to show itself. so it remained prudently below. at last about noon, we were in the waters of the red sea. i would not even seek to understand the caprice which had decided captain nemo upon entering the gulf. but i quite approved of the nautilus entering it. its speed was lessened: sometimes it kept on the surface, sometimes it dived to avoid a vessel, and thus i was able to observe the upper and lower parts of this curious sea. the th of february, from the first dawn of day, mocha came in sight, now a ruined town, whose walls would fall at a gunshot, yet which shelters here and there some verdant date-trees; once an important city, containing six public markets, and twenty-six mosques, and whose walls, defended by fourteen forts, formed a girdle of two miles in circumference. the nautilus then approached the african shore, where the depth of the sea was greater. there, between two waters clear as crystal, through the open panels we were allowed to contemplate the beautiful bushes of brilliant coral and large blocks of rock clothed with a splendid fur of green variety of sites and landscapes along these sandbanks and algae and fuci. what an indescribable spectacle, and what variety of sites and landscapes along these sandbanks and volcanic islands which bound the libyan coast! but where these shrubs appeared in all their beauty was on the eastern coast, which the nautilus soon gained. it was on the coast of tehama, for there not only did this display of zoophytes flourish beneath the level of the sea, but they also formed picturesque interlacings which unfolded themselves about sixty feet above the surface, more capricious but less highly coloured than those whose freshness was kept up by the vital power of the waters. what charming hours i passed thus at the window of the saloon! what new specimens of submarine flora and fauna did i admire under the brightness of our electric lantern! the th of february the nautilus floated in the broadest part of the red sea, which is comprised between souakin, on the west coast, and komfidah, on the east coast, with a diameter of ninety miles. that day at noon, after the bearings were taken, captain nemo mounted the platform, where i happened to be, and i was determined not to let him go down again without at least pressing him regarding his ulterior projects. as soon as he saw me he approached and graciously offered me a cigar. "well, sir, does this red sea please you? have you sufficiently observed the wonders it covers, its fishes, its zoophytes, its parterres of sponges, and its forests of coral? did you catch a glimpse of the towns on its borders?" "yes, captain nemo," i replied; "and the nautilus is wonderfully fitted for such a study. ah! it is an intelligent boat!" "yes, sir, intelligent and invulnerable. it fears neither the terrible tempests of the red sea, nor its currents, nor its sandbanks." "certainly," said i, "this sea is quoted as one of the worst, and in the time of the ancients, if i am not mistaken, its reputation was detestable." "detestable, m. aronnax. the greek and latin historians do not speak favourably of it, and strabo says it is very dangerous during the etesian winds and in the rainy season. the arabian edrisi portrays it under the name of the gulf of colzoum, and relates that vessels perished there in great numbers on the sandbanks and that no one would risk sailing in the night. it is, he pretends, a sea subject to fearful hurricanes, strewn with inhospitable islands, and `which offers nothing good either on its surface or in its depths.'" "one may see," i replied, "that these historians never sailed on board the nautilus." "just so," replied the captain, smiling; "and in that respect moderns are not more advanced than the ancients. it required many ages to find out the mechanical power of steam. who knows if, in another hundred years, we may not see a second nautilus? progress is slow, m. aronnax." "it is true," i answered; "your boat is at least a century before its time, perhaps an era. what a misfortune that the secret of such an invention should die with its inventor!" captain nemo did not reply. after some minutes' silence he continued: "you were speaking of the opinions of ancient historians upon the dangerous navigation of the red sea." "it is true," said i; "but were not their fears exaggerated?" "yes and no, m. aronnax," replied captain nemo, who seemed to know the red sea by heart. "that which is no longer dangerous for a modern vessel, well rigged, strongly built, and master of its own course, thanks to obedient steam, offered all sorts of perils to the ships of the ancients. picture to yourself those first navigators venturing in ships made of planks sewn with the cords of the palmtree, saturated with the grease of the seadog, and covered with powdered resin! they had not even instruments wherewith to take their bearings, and they went by guess amongst currents of which they scarcely knew anything. under such conditions shipwrecks were, and must have been, numerous. but in our time, steamers running between suez and the south seas have nothing more to fear from the fury of this gulf, in spite of contrary trade-winds. the captain and passengers do not prepare for their departure by offering propitiatory sacrifices; and, on their return, they no longer go ornamented with wreaths and gilt fillets to thank the gods in the neighbouring temple." "i agree with you," said i; "and steam seems to have killed all gratitude in the hearts of sailors. but, captain, since you seem to have especially studied this sea, can you tell me the origin of its name?" "there exist several explanations on the subject, m. aronnax. would you like to know the opinion of a chronicler of the fourteenth century?" "willingly." "this fanciful writer pretends that its name was given to it after the passage of the israelites, when pharaoh perished in the waves which closed at the voice of moses." "a poet's explanation, captain nemo," i replied; "but i cannot content myself with that. i ask you for your personal opinion." "here it is, m. aronnax. according to my idea, we must see in this appellation of the red sea a translation of the hebrew word `edom'; and if the ancients gave it that name, it was on account of the particular colour of its waters." "but up to this time i have seen nothing but transparent waves and without any particular colour." "very likely; but as we advance to the bottom of the gulf, you will see this singular appearance. i remember seeing the bay of tor entirely red, like a sea of blood." "and you attribute this colour to the presence of a microscopic seaweed?" "yes." "so, captain nemo, it is not the first time you have overrun the red sea on board the nautilus?" "no, sir." "as you spoke a while ago of the passage of the israelites and of the catastrophe to the egyptians, i will ask whether you have met with the traces under the water of this great historical fact?" "no, sir; and for a good reason." "what is it?" "it is that the spot where moses and his people passed is now so blocked up with sand that the camels can barely bathe their legs there. you can well understand that there would not be water enough for my nautilus." "and the spot?" i asked. "the spot is situated a little above the isthmus of suez, in the arm which formerly made a deep estuary, when the red sea extended to the salt lakes. now, whether this passage were miraculous or not, the israelites, nevertheless, crossed there to reach the promised land, and pharaoh's army perished precisely on that spot; and i think that excavations made in the middle of the sand would bring to light a large number of arms and instruments of egyptian origin." "that is evident," i replied; "and for the sake of archaeologists let us hope that these excavations will be made sooner or later, when new towns are established on the isthmus, after the construction of the suez canal; a canal, however, very useless to a vessel like the nautilus." "very likely; but useful to the whole world," said captain nemo. "the ancients well understood the utility of a communication between the red sea and the mediterranean for their commercial affairs: but they did not think of digging a canal direct, and took the nile as an intermediate. very probably the canal which united the nile to the red sea was begun by sesostris, if we may believe tradition. one thing is certain, that in the year before jesus christ, necos undertook the works of an alimentary canal to the waters of the nile across the plain of egypt, looking towards arabia. it took four days to go up this canal, and it was so wide that two triremes could go abreast. it was carried on by darius, the son of hystaspes, and probably finished by ptolemy ii. strabo saw it navigated: but its decline from the point of departure, near bubastes, to the red sea was so slight that it was only navigable for a few months in the year. this canal answered all commercial purposes to the age of antonius, when it was abandoned and blocked up with sand. restored by order of the caliph omar, it was definitely destroyed in or by caliph al-mansor, who wished to prevent the arrival of provisions to mohammed-ben-abdallah, who had revolted against him. during the expedition into egypt, your general bonaparte discovered traces of the works in the desert of suez; and, surprised by the tide, he nearly perished before regaining hadjaroth, at the very place where moses had encamped three thousand years before him." "well, captain, what the ancients dared not undertake, this junction between the two seas, which will shorten the road from cadiz to india, m. lesseps has succeeded in doing; and before long he will have changed africa into an immense island." "yes, m. aronnax; you have the right to be proud of your countryman. such a man brings more honour to a nation than great captains. he began, like so many others, with disgust and rebuffs; but he has triumphed, for he has the genius of will. and it is sad to think that a work like that, which ought to have been an international work and which would have sufficed to make a reign illustrious, should have succeeded by the energy of one man. all honour to m. lesseps!" "yes! honour to the great citizen," i replied, surprised by the manner in which captain nemo had just spoken. "unfortunately," he continued, "i cannot take you through the suez canal; but you will be able to see the long jetty of port said after to-morrow, when we shall be in the mediterranean." "the mediterranean!" i exclaimed. "yes, sir; does that astonish you?" "what astonishes me is to think that we shall be there the day after to-morrow." "indeed?" "yes, captain, although by this time i ought to have accustomed myself to be surprised at nothing since i have been on board your boat." "but the cause of this surprise?" "well! it is the fearful speed you will have to put on the nautilus, if the day after to-morrow she is to be in the mediterranean, having made the round of africa, and doubled the cape of good hope!" "who told you that she would make the round of africa and double the cape of good hope, sir?" "well, unless the nautilus sails on dry land, and passes above the isthmus----" "or beneath it, m. aronnax." "beneath it?" "certainly," replied captain nemo quietly. "a long time ago nature made under this tongue of land what man has this day made on its surface." "what! such a passage exists?" "yes; a subterranean passage, which i have named the arabian tunnel. it takes us beneath suez and opens into the gulf of pelusium." "but this isthmus is composed of nothing but quick sands?" "to a certain depth. but at fifty-five yards only there is a solid layer of rock." "did you discover this passage by chance?" i asked more and more surprised. "chance and reasoning, sir; and by reasoning even more than by chance. not only does this passage exist, but i have profited by it several times. without that i should not have ventured this day into the impassable red sea. i noticed that in the red sea and in the mediterranean there existed a certain number of fishes of a kind perfectly identical. certain of the fact, i asked myself was it possible that there was no communication between the two seas? if there was, the subterranean current must necessarily run from the red sea to the mediterranean, from the sole cause of difference of level. i caught a large number of fishes in the neighbourhood of suez. i passed a copper ring through their tails, and threw them back into the sea. some months later, on the coast of syria, i caught some of my fish ornamented with the ring. thus the communication between the two was proved. i then sought for it with my nautilus; i discovered it, ventured into it, and before long, sir, you too will have passed through my arabian tunnel!" chapter v the arabian tunnel that same evening, in ° ' n. lat., the nautilus floated on the surface of the sea, approaching the arabian coast. i saw djeddah, the most important counting-house of egypt, syria, turkey, and india. i distinguished clearly enough its buildings, the vessels anchored at the quays, and those whose draught of water obliged them to anchor in the roads. the sun, rather low on the horizon, struck full on the houses of the town, bringing out their whiteness. outside, some wooden cabins, and some made of reeds, showed the quarter inhabited by the bedouins. soon djeddah was shut out from view by the shadows of night, and the nautilus found herself under water slightly phosphorescent. the next day, the th of february, we sighted several ships running to windward. the nautilus returned to its submarine navigation; but at noon, when her bearings were taken, the sea being deserted, she rose again to her waterline. accompanied by ned and conseil, i seated myself on the platform. the coast on the eastern side looked like a mass faintly printed upon a damp fog. we were leaning on the sides of the pinnace, talking of one thing and another, when ned land, stretching out his hand towards a spot on the sea, said: "do you see anything there, sir?" "no, ned," i replied; "but i have not your eyes, you know." "look well," said ned, "there, on the starboard beam, about the height of the lantern! do you not see a mass which seems to move?" "certainly," said i, after close attention; "i see something like a long black body on the top of the water." and certainly before long the black object was not more than a mile from us. it looked like a great sandbank deposited in the open sea. it was a gigantic dugong! ned land looked eagerly. his eyes shone with covetousness at the sight of the animal. his hand seemed ready to harpoon it. one would have thought he was awaiting the moment to throw himself into the sea and attack it in its element. at this instant captain nemo appeared on the platform. he saw the dugong, understood the canadian's attitude, and, addressing him, said: "if you held a harpoon just now, master land, would it not burn your hand?" "just so, sir." "and you would not be sorry to go back, for one day, to your trade of a fisherman and to add this cetacean to the list of those you have already killed?" "i should not, sir." "well, you can try." "thank you, sir," said ned land, his eyes flaming. "only," continued the captain, "i advise you for your own sake not to miss the creature." "is the dugong dangerous to attack?" i asked, in spite of the canadian's shrug of the shoulders. "yes," replied the captain; "sometimes the animal turns upon its assailants and overturns their boat. but for master land this danger is not to be feared. his eye is prompt, his arm sure." at this moment seven men of the crew, mute and immovable as ever, mounted the platform. one carried a harpoon and a line similar to those employed in catching whales. the pinnace was lifted from the bridge, pulled from its socket, and let down into the sea. six oarsmen took their seats, and the coxswain went to the tiller. ned, conseil, and i went to the back of the boat. "you are not coming, captain?" i asked. "no, sir; but i wish you good sport." the boat put off, and, lifted by the six rowers, drew rapidly towards the dugong, which floated about two miles from the nautilus. arrived some cables-length from the cetacean, the speed slackened, and the oars dipped noiselessly into the quiet waters. ned land, harpoon in hand, stood in the fore part of the boat. the harpoon used for striking the whale is generally attached to a very long cord which runs out rapidly as the wounded creature draws it after him. but here the cord was not more than ten fathoms long, and the extremity was attached to a small barrel which, by floating, was to show the course the dugong took under the water. i stood and carefully watched the canadian's adversary. this dugong, which also bears the name of the halicore, closely resembles the manatee; its oblong body terminated in a lengthened tail, and its lateral fins in perfect fingers. its difference from the manatee consisted in its upper jaw, which was armed with two long and pointed teeth which formed on each side diverging tusks. this dugong which ned land was preparing to attack was of colossal dimensions; it was more than seven yards long. it did not move, and seemed to be sleeping on the waves, which circumstance made it easier to capture. the boat approached within six yards of the animal. the oars rested on the rowlocks. i half rose. ned land, his body thrown a little back, brandished the harpoon in his experienced hand. suddenly a hissing noise was heard, and the dugong disappeared. the harpoon, although thrown with great force; had apparently only struck the water. "curse it!" exclaimed the canadian furiously; "i have missed it!" "no," said i; "the creature is wounded--look at the blood; but your weapon has not stuck in his body." "my harpoon! my harpoon!" cried ned land. the sailors rowed on, and the coxswain made for the floating barrel. the harpoon regained, we followed in pursuit of the animal. the latter came now and then to the surface to breathe. its wound had not weakened it, for it shot onwards with great rapidity. the boat, rowed by strong arms, flew on its track. several times it approached within some few yards, and the canadian was ready to strike, but the dugong made off with a sudden plunge, and it was impossible to reach it. imagine the passion which excited impatient ned land! he hurled at the unfortunate creature the most energetic expletives in the english tongue. for my part, i was only vexed to see the dugong escape all our attacks. we pursued it without relaxation for an hour, and i began to think it would prove difficult to capture, when the animal, possessed with the perverse idea of vengeance of which he had cause to repent, turned upon the pinnace and assailed us in its turn. this manoeuvre did not escape the canadian. "look out!" he cried. the coxswain said some words in his outlandish tongue, doubtless warning the men to keep on their guard. the dugong came within twenty feet of the boat, stopped, sniffed the air briskly with its large nostrils (not pierced at the extremity, but in the upper part of its muzzle). then, taking a spring, he threw himself upon us. the pinnace could not avoid the shock, and half upset, shipped at least two tons of water, which had to be emptied; but, thanks to the coxswain, we caught it sideways, not full front, so we were not quite overturned. while ned land, clinging to the bows, belaboured the gigantic animal with blows from his harpoon, the creature's teeth were buried in the gunwale, and it lifted the whole thing out of the water, as a lion does a roebuck. we were upset over one another, and i know not how the adventure would have ended, if the canadian, still enraged with the beast, had not struck it to the heart. i heard its teeth grind on the iron plate, and the dugong disappeared, carrying the harpoon with him. but the barrel soon returned to the surface, and shortly after the body of the animal, turned on its back. the boat came up with it, took it in tow, and made straight for the nautilus. it required tackle of enormous strength to hoist the dugong on to the platform. it weighed , lb. the next day, th february, the larder of the nautilus was enriched by some more delicate game. a flight of sea-swallows rested on the nautilus. it was a species of the sterna nilotica, peculiar to egypt; its beak is black, head grey and pointed, the eye surrounded by white spots, the back, wings, and tail of a greyish colour, the belly and throat white, and claws red. they also took some dozen of nile ducks, a wild bird of high flavour, its throat and upper part of the head white with black spots. about five o'clock in the evening we sighted to the north the cape of ras-mohammed. this cape forms the extremity of arabia petraea, comprised between the gulf of suez and the gulf of acabah. the nautilus penetrated into the straits of jubal, which leads to the gulf of suez. i distinctly saw a high mountain, towering between the two gulfs of ras-mohammed. it was mount horeb, that sinai at the top of which moses saw god face to face. at six o'clock the nautilus, sometimes floating, sometimes immersed, passed some distance from tor, situated at the end of the bay, the waters of which seemed tinted with red, an observation already made by captain nemo. then night fell in the midst of a heavy silence, sometimes broken by the cries of the pelican and other night-birds, and the noise of the waves breaking upon the shore, chafing against the rocks, or the panting of some far-off steamer beating the waters of the gulf with its noisy paddles. from eight to nine o'clock the nautilus remained some fathoms under the water. according to my calculation we must have been very near suez. through the panel of the saloon i saw the bottom of the rocks brilliantly lit up by our electric lamp. we seemed to be leaving the straits behind us more and more. at a quarter-past nine, the vessel having returned to the surface, i mounted the platform. most impatient to pass through captain nemo's tunnel, i could not stay in one place, so came to breathe the fresh night air. soon in the shadow i saw a pale light, half discoloured by the fog, shining about a mile from us. "a floating lighthouse!" said someone near me. i turned, and saw the captain. "it is the floating light of suez," he continued. "it will not be long before we gain the entrance of the tunnel." "the entrance cannot be easy?" "no, sir; for that reason i am accustomed to go into the steersman's cage and myself direct our course. and now, if you will go down, m. aronnax, the nautilus is going under the waves, and will not return to the surface until we have passed through the arabian tunnel." captain nemo led me towards the central staircase; half way down he opened a door, traversed the upper deck, and landed in the pilot's cage, which it may be remembered rose at the extremity of the platform. it was a cabin measuring six feet square, very much like that occupied by the pilot on the steamboats of the mississippi or hudson. in the midst worked a wheel, placed vertically, and caught to the tiller-rope, which ran to the back of the nautilus. four light-ports with lenticular glasses, let in a groove in the partition of the cabin, allowed the man at the wheel to see in all directions. this cabin was dark; but soon my eyes accustomed themselves to the obscurity, and i perceived the pilot, a strong man, with his hands resting on the spokes of the wheel. outside, the sea appeared vividly lit up by the lantern, which shed its rays from the back of the cabin to the other extremity of the platform. "now," said captain nemo, "let us try to make our passage." electric wires connected the pilot's cage with the machinery room, and from there the captain could communicate simultaneously to his nautilus the direction and the speed. he pressed a metal knob, and at once the speed of the screw diminished. i looked in silence at the high straight wall we were running by at this moment, the immovable base of a massive sandy coast. we followed it thus for an hour only some few yards off. captain nemo did not take his eye from the knob, suspended by its two concentric circles in the cabin. at a simple gesture, the pilot modified the course of the nautilus every instant. i had placed myself at the port-scuttle, and saw some magnificent substructures of coral, zoophytes, seaweed, and fucus, agitating their enormous claws, which stretched out from the fissures of the rock. at a quarter-past ten, the captain himself took the helm. a large gallery, black and deep, opened before us. the nautilus went boldly into it. a strange roaring was heard round its sides. it was the waters of the red sea, which the incline of the tunnel precipitated violently towards the mediterranean. the nautilus went with the torrent, rapid as an arrow, in spite of the efforts of the machinery, which, in order to offer more effective resistance, beat the waves with reversed screw. on the walls of the narrow passage i could see nothing but brilliant rays, straight lines, furrows of fire, traced by the great speed, under the brilliant electric light. my heart beat fast. at thirty-five minutes past ten, captain nemo quitted the helm, and, turning to me, said: "the mediterranean!" in less than twenty minutes, the nautilus, carried along by the torrent, had passed through the isthmus of suez. chapter vi the grecian archipelago the next day, the th of february, at the dawn of day, the nautilus rose to the surface. i hastened on to the platform. three miles to the south the dim outline of pelusium was to be seen. a torrent had carried us from one sea to another. about seven o'clock ned and conseil joined me. "well, sir naturalist," said the canadian, in a slightly jovial tone, "and the mediterranean?" "we are floating on its surface, friend ned." "what!" said conseil, "this very night." "yes, this very night; in a few minutes we have passed this impassable isthmus." "i do not believe it," replied the canadian. "then you are wrong, master land," i continued; "this low coast which rounds off to the south is the egyptian coast. and you who have such good eyes, ned, you can see the jetty of port said stretching into the sea." the canadian looked attentively. "certainly you are right, sir, and your captain is a first-rate man. we are in the mediterranean. good! now, if you please, let us talk of our own little affair, but so that no one hears us." i saw what the canadian wanted, and, in any case, i thought it better to let him talk, as he wished it; so we all three went and sat down near the lantern, where we were less exposed to the spray of the blades. "now, ned, we listen; what have you to tell us?" "what i have to tell you is very simple. we are in europe; and before captain nemo's caprices drag us once more to the bottom of the polar seas, or lead us into oceania, i ask to leave the nautilus." i wished in no way to shackle the liberty of my companions, but i certainly felt no desire to leave captain nemo. thanks to him, and thanks to his apparatus, i was each day nearer the completion of my submarine studies; and i was rewriting my book of submarine depths in its very element. should i ever again have such an opportunity of observing the wonders of the ocean? no, certainly not! and i could not bring myself to the idea of abandoning the nautilus before the cycle of investigation was accomplished. "friend ned, answer me frankly, are you tired of being on board? are you sorry that destiny has thrown us into captain nemo's hands?" the canadian remained some moments without answering. then, crossing his arms, he said: "frankly, i do not regret this journey under the seas. i shall be glad to have made it; but, now that it is made, let us have done with it. that is my idea." "it will come to an end, ned." "where and when?" "where i do not know--when i cannot say; or, rather, i suppose it will end when these seas have nothing more to teach us." "then what do you hope for?" demanded the canadian. "that circumstances may occur as well six months hence as now by which we may and ought to profit." "oh!" said ned land, "and where shall we be in six months, if you please, sir naturalist?" "perhaps in china; you know the nautilus is a rapid traveller. it goes through water as swallows through the air, or as an express on the land. it does not fear frequented seas; who can say that it may not beat the coasts of france, england, or america, on which flight may be attempted as advantageously as here." "m. aronnax," replied the canadian, "your arguments are rotten at the foundation. you speak in the future, `we shall be there! we shall be here!' i speak in the present, `we are here, and we must profit by it.'" ned land's logic pressed me hard, and i felt myself beaten on that ground. i knew not what argument would now tell in my favour. "sir," continued ned, "let us suppose an impossibility: if captain nemo should this day offer you your liberty; would you accept it?" "i do not know," i answered. "and if," he added, "the offer made you this day was never to be renewed, would you accept it?" "friend ned, this is my answer. your reasoning is against me. we must not rely on captain nemo's good-will. common prudence forbids him to set us at liberty. on the other side, prudence bids us profit by the first opportunity to leave the nautilus." "well, m. aronnax, that is wisely said." "only one observation--just one. the occasion must be serious, and our first attempt must succeed; if it fails, we shall never find another, and captain nemo will never forgive us." "all that is true," replied the canadian. "but your observation applies equally to all attempts at flight, whether in two years' time, or in two days'. but the question is still this: if a favourable opportunity presents itself, it must be seized." "agreed! and now, ned, will you tell me what you mean by a favourable opportunity?" "it will be that which, on a dark night, will bring the nautilus a short distance from some european coast." "and you will try and save yourself by swimming?" "yes, if we were near enough to the bank, and if the vessel was floating at the time. not if the bank was far away, and the boat was under the water." "and in that case?" "in that case, i should seek to make myself master of the pinnace. i know how it is worked. we must get inside, and the bolts once drawn, we shall come to the surface of the water, without even the pilot, who is in the bows, perceiving our flight." "well, ned, watch for the opportunity; but do not forget that a hitch will ruin us." "i will not forget, sir." "and now, ned, would you like to know what i think of your project?" "certainly, m. aronnax." "well, i think--i do not say i hope--i think that this favourable opportunity will never present itself." "why not?" "because captain nemo cannot hide from himself that we have not given up all hope of regaining our liberty, and he will be on his guard, above all, in the seas and in the sight of european coasts." "we shall see," replied ned land, shaking his head determinedly. "and now, ned land," i added, "let us stop here. not another word on the subject. the day that you are ready, come and let us know, and we will follow you. i rely entirely upon you." thus ended a conversation which, at no very distant time, led to such grave results. i must say here that facts seemed to confirm my foresight, to the canadian's great despair. did captain nemo distrust us in these frequented seas? or did he only wish to hide himself from the numerous vessels, of all nations, which ploughed the mediterranean? i could not tell; but we were oftener between waters and far from the coast. or, if the nautilus did emerge, nothing was to be seen but the pilot's cage; and sometimes it went to great depths, for, between the grecian archipelago and asia minor we could not touch the bottom by more than a thousand fathoms. thus i only knew we were near the island of carpathos, one of the sporades, by captain nemo reciting these lines from virgil: "est carpathio neptuni gurgite vates, caeruleus proteus," as he pointed to a spot on the planisphere. it was indeed the ancient abode of proteus, the old shepherd of neptune's flocks, now the island of scarpanto, situated between rhodes and crete. i saw nothing but the granite base through the glass panels of the saloon. the next day, the th of february, i resolved to employ some hours in studying the fishes of the archipelago; but for some reason or other the panels remained hermetically sealed. upon taking the course of the nautilus, i found that we were going towards candia, the ancient isle of crete. at the time i embarked on the abraham lincoln, the whole of this island had risen in insurrection against the despotism of the turks. but how the insurgents had fared since that time i was absolutely ignorant, and it was not captain nemo, deprived of all land communications, who could tell me. i made no allusion to this event when that night i found myself alone with him in the saloon. besides, he seemed to be taciturn and preoccupied. then, contrary to his custom, he ordered both panels to be opened, and, going from one to the other, observed the mass of waters attentively. to what end i could not guess; so, on my side, i employed my time in studying the fish passing before my eyes. in the midst of the waters a man appeared, a diver, carrying at his belt a leathern purse. it was not a body abandoned to the waves; it was a living man, swimming with a strong hand, disappearing occasionally to take breath at the surface. i turned towards captain nemo, and in an agitated voice exclaimed: "a man shipwrecked! he must be saved at any price!" the captain did not answer me, but came and leaned against the panel. the man had approached, and, with his face flattened against the glass, was looking at us. to my great amazement, captain nemo signed to him. the diver answered with his hand, mounted immediately to the surface of the water, and did not appear again. "do not be uncomfortable," said captain nemo. "it is nicholas of cape matapan, surnamed pesca. he is well known in all the cyclades. a bold diver! water is his element, and he lives more in it than on land, going continually from one island to another, even as far as crete." "you know him, captain?" "why not, m. aronnax?" saying which, captain nemo went towards a piece of furniture standing near the left panel of the saloon. near this piece of furniture, i saw a chest bound with iron, on the cover of which was a copper plate, bearing the cypher of the nautilus with its device. at that moment, the captain, without noticing my presence, opened the piece of furniture, a sort of strong box, which held a great many ingots. they were ingots of gold. from whence came this precious metal, which represented an enormous sum? where did the captain gather this gold from? and what was he going to do with it? i did not say one word. i looked. captain nemo took the ingots one by one, and arranged them methodically in the chest, which he filled entirely. i estimated the contents at more than , lb. weight of gold, that is to say, nearly l , . the chest was securely fastened, and the captain wrote an address on the lid, in characters which must have belonged to modern greece. this done, captain nemo pressed a knob, the wire of which communicated with the quarters of the crew. four men appeared, and, not without some trouble, pushed the chest out of the saloon. then i heard them hoisting it up the iron staircase by means of pulleys. at that moment, captain nemo turned to me. "and you were saying, sir?" said he. "i was saying nothing, captain." "then, sir, if you will allow me, i will wish you good night." whereupon he turned and left the saloon. i returned to my room much troubled, as one may believe. i vainly tried to sleep--i sought the connecting link between the apparition of the diver and the chest filled with gold. soon, i felt by certain movements of pitching and tossing that the nautilus was leaving the depths and returning to the surface. then i heard steps upon the platform; and i knew they were unfastening the pinnace and launching it upon the waves. for one instant it struck the side of the nautilus, then all noise ceased. two hours after, the same noise, the same going and coming was renewed; the boat was hoisted on board, replaced in its socket, and the nautilus again plunged under the waves. so these millions had been transported to their address. to what point of the continent? who was captain nemo's correspondent? the next day i related to conseil and the canadian the events of the night, which had excited my curiosity to the highest degree. my companions were not less surprised than myself. "but where does he take his millions to?" asked ned land. to that there was no possible answer. i returned to the saloon after having breakfast and set to work. till five o'clock in the evening i employed myself in arranging my notes. at that moment--(ought i to attribute it to some peculiar idiosyncrasy)--i felt so great a heat that i was obliged to take off my coat. it was strange, for we were under low latitudes; and even then the nautilus, submerged as it was, ought to experience no change of temperature. i looked at the manometer; it showed a depth of sixty feet, to which atmospheric heat could never attain. i continued my work, but the temperature rose to such a pitch as to be intolerable. "could there be fire on board?" i asked myself. i was leaving the saloon, when captain nemo entered; he approached the thermometer, consulted it, and, turning to me, said: "forty-two degrees." "i have noticed it, captain," i replied; "and if it gets much hotter we cannot bear it." "oh, sir, it will not get better if we do not wish it." "you can reduce it as you please, then?" "no; but i can go farther from the stove which produces it." "it is outward, then!" "certainly; we are floating in a current of boiling water." "is it possible!" i exclaimed. "look." the panels opened, and i saw the sea entirely white all round. a sulphurous smoke was curling amid the waves, which boiled like water in a copper. i placed my hand on one of the panes of glass, but the heat was so great that i quickly took it off again. "where are we?" i asked. "near the island of santorin, sir," replied the captain. "i wished to give you a sight of the curious spectacle of a submarine eruption." "i thought," said i, "that the formation of these new islands was ended." "nothing is ever ended in the volcanic parts of the sea," replied captain nemo; "and the globe is always being worked by subterranean fires. already, in the nineteenth year of our era, according to cassiodorus and pliny, a new island, theia (the divine), appeared in the very place where these islets have recently been formed. then they sank under the waves, to rise again in the year , when they again subsided. since that time to our days the plutonian work has been suspended. but on the rd of february, , a new island, which they named george island, emerged from the midst of the sulphurous vapour near nea kamenni, and settled again the th of the same month. seven days after, the th of february, the island of aphroessa appeared, leaving between nea kamenni and itself a canal ten yards broad. i was in these seas when the phenomenon occurred, and i was able therefore to observe all the different phases. the island of aphroessa, of round form, measured feet in diameter, and feet in height. it was composed of black and vitreous lava, mixed with fragments of felspar. and lastly, on the th of march, a smaller island, called reka, showed itself near nea kamenni, and since then these three have joined together, forming but one and the same island." "and the canal in which we are at this moment?" i asked. "here it is," replied captain nemo, showing me a map of the archipelago. "you see, i have marked the new islands." i returned to the glass. the nautilus was no longer moving, the heat was becoming unbearable. the sea, which till now had been white, was red, owing to the presence of salts of iron. in spite of the ship's being hermetically sealed, an insupportable smell of sulphur filled the saloon, and the brilliancy of the electricity was entirely extinguished by bright scarlet flames. i was in a bath, i was choking, i was broiled. "we can remain no longer in this boiling water," said i to the captain. "it would not be prudent," replied the impassive captain nemo. an order was given; the nautilus tacked about and left the furnace it could not brave with impunity. a quarter of an hour after we were breathing fresh air on the surface. the thought then struck me that, if ned land had chosen this part of the sea for our flight, we should never have come alive out of this sea of fire. the next day, the th of february, we left the basin which, between rhodes and alexandria, is reckoned about , fathoms in depth, and the nautilus, passing some distance from cerigo, quitted the grecian archipelago after having doubled cape matapan. chapter vii the mediterranean in forty-eight hours the mediterranean, the blue sea par excellence, "the great sea" of the hebrews, "the sea" of the greeks, the "mare nostrum" of the romans, bordered by orange-trees, aloes, cacti, and sea-pines; embalmed with the perfume of the myrtle, surrounded by rude mountains, saturated with pure and transparent air, but incessantly worked by underground fires; a perfect battlefield in which neptune and pluto still dispute the empire of the world! it is upon these banks, and on these waters, says michelet, that man is renewed in one of the most powerful climates of the globe. but, beautiful as it was, i could only take a rapid glance at the basin whose superficial area is two million of square yards. even captain nemo's knowledge was lost to me, for this puzzling person did not appear once during our passage at full speed. i estimated the course which the nautilus took under the waves of the sea at about six hundred leagues, and it was accomplished in forty-eight hours. starting on the morning of the th of february from the shores of greece, we had crossed the straits of gibraltar by sunrise on the th. it was plain to me that this mediterranean, enclosed in the midst of those countries which he wished to avoid, was distasteful to captain nemo. those waves and those breezes brought back too many remembrances, if not too many regrets. here he had no longer that independence and that liberty of gait which he had when in the open seas, and his nautilus felt itself cramped between the close shores of africa and europe. our speed was now twenty-five miles an hour. it may be well understood that ned land, to his great disgust, was obliged to renounce his intended flight. he could not launch the pinnace, going at the rate of twelve or thirteen yards every second. to quit the nautilus under such conditions would be as bad as jumping from a train going at full speed--an imprudent thing, to say the least of it. besides, our vessel only mounted to the surface of the waves at night to renew its stock of air; it was steered entirely by the compass and the log. i saw no more of the interior of this mediterranean than a traveller by express train perceives of the landscape which flies before his eyes; that is to say, the distant horizon, and not the nearer objects which pass like a flash of lightning. we were then passing between sicily and the coast of tunis. in the narrow space between cape bon and the straits of messina the bottom of the sea rose almost suddenly. there was a perfect bank, on which there was not more than nine fathoms of water, whilst on either side the depth was ninety fathoms. the nautilus had to manoeuvre very carefully so as not to strike against this submarine barrier. i showed conseil, on the map of the mediterranean, the spot occupied by this reef. "but if you please, sir," observed conseil, "it is like a real isthmus joining europe to africa." "yes, my boy, it forms a perfect bar to the straits of lybia, and the soundings of smith have proved that in former times the continents between cape boco and cape furina were joined." "i can well believe it," said conseil. "i will add," i continued, "that a similar barrier exists between gibraltar and ceuta, which in geological times formed the entire mediterranean." "what if some volcanic burst should one day raise these two barriers above the waves?" "it is not probable, conseil." "well, but allow me to finish, please, sir; if this phenomenon should take place, it will be troublesome for m. lesseps, who has taken so much pains to pierce the isthmus." "i agree with you; but i repeat, conseil, this phenomenon will never happen. the violence of subterranean force is ever diminishing. volcanoes, so plentiful in the first days of the world, are being extinguished by degrees; the internal heat is weakened, the temperature of the lower strata of the globe is lowered by a perceptible quantity every century to the detriment of our globe, for its heat is its life." "but the sun?" "the sun is not sufficient, conseil. can it give heat to a dead body?" "not that i know of." "well, my friend, this earth will one day be that cold corpse; it will become uninhabitable and uninhabited like the moon, which has long since lost all its vital heat." "in how many centuries?" "in some hundreds of thousands of years, my boy." "then," said conseil, "we shall have time to finish our journey--that is, if ned land does not interfere with it." and conseil, reassured, returned to the study of the bank, which the nautilus was skirting at a moderate speed. during the night of the th and th february we had entered the second mediterranean basin, the greatest depth of which was , fathoms. the nautilus, by the action of its crew, slid down the inclined planes and buried itself in the lowest depths of the sea. on the th of february, about three o'clock in the morning, we were at the entrance of the straits of gibraltar. there once existed two currents: an upper one, long since recognised, which conveys the waters of the ocean into the basin of the mediterranean; and a lower counter-current, which reasoning has now shown to exist. indeed, the volume of water in the mediterranean, incessantly added to by the waves of the atlantic and by rivers falling into it, would each year raise the level of this sea, for its evaporation is not sufficient to restore the equilibrium. as it is not so, we must necessarily admit the existence of an under-current, which empties into the basin of the atlantic through the straits of gibraltar the surplus waters of the mediterranean. a fact indeed; and it was this counter-current by which the nautilus profited. it advanced rapidly by the narrow pass. for one instant i caught a glimpse of the beautiful ruins of the temple of hercules, buried in the ground, according to pliny, and with the low island which supports it; and a few minutes later we were floating on the atlantic. chapter viii vigo bay the atlantic! a vast sheet of water whose superficial area covers twenty-five millions of square miles, the length of which is nine thousand miles, with a mean breadth of two thousand seven hundred--an ocean whose parallel winding shores embrace an immense circumference, watered by the largest rivers of the world, the st. lawrence, the mississippi, the amazon, the plata, the orinoco, the niger, the senegal, the elbe, the loire, and the rhine, which carry water from the most civilised, as well as from the most savage, countries! magnificent field of water, incessantly ploughed by vessels of every nation, sheltered by the flags of every nation, and which terminates in those two terrible points so dreaded by mariners, cape horn and the cape of tempests. the nautilus was piercing the water with its sharp spur, after having accomplished nearly ten thousand leagues in three months and a half, a distance greater than the great circle of the earth. where were we going now, and what was reserved for the future? the nautilus, leaving the straits of gibraltar, had gone far out. it returned to the surface of the waves, and our daily walks on the platform were restored to us. i mounted at once, accompanied by ned land and conseil. at a distance of about twelve miles, cape st. vincent was dimly to be seen, forming the south-western point of the spanish peninsula. a strong southerly gale was blowing. the sea was swollen and billowy; it made the nautilus rock violently. it was almost impossible to keep one's foot on the platform, which the heavy rolls of the sea beat over every instant. so we descended after inhaling some mouthfuls of fresh air. i returned to my room, conseil to his cabin; but the canadian, with a preoccupied air, followed me. our rapid passage across the mediterranean had not allowed him to put his project into execution, and he could not help showing his disappointment. when the door of my room was shut, he sat down and looked at me silently. "friend ned," said i, "i understand you; but you cannot reproach yourself. to have attempted to leave the nautilus under the circumstances would have been folly." ned land did not answer; his compressed lips and frowning brow showed with him the violent possession this fixed idea had taken of his mind. "let us see," i continued; "we need not despair yet. we are going up the coast of portugal again; france and england are not far off, where we can easily find refuge. now if the nautilus, on leaving the straits of gibraltar, had gone to the south, if it had carried us towards regions where there were no continents, i should share your uneasiness. but we know now that captain nemo does not fly from civilised seas, and in some days i think you can act with security." ned land still looked at me fixedly; at length his fixed lips parted, and he said, "it is for to-night." i drew myself up suddenly. i was, i admit, little prepared for this communication. i wanted to answer the canadian, but words would not come. "we agreed to wait for an opportunity," continued ned land, "and the opportunity has arrived. this night we shall be but a few miles from the spanish coast. it is cloudy. the wind blows freely. i have your word, m. aronnax, and i rely upon you." as i was silent, the canadian approached me. "to-night, at nine o'clock," said he. "i have warned conseil. at that moment captain nemo will be shut up in his room, probably in bed. neither the engineers nor the ship's crew can see us. conseil and i will gain the central staircase, and you, m. aronnax, will remain in the library, two steps from us, waiting my signal. the oars, the mast, and the sail are in the canoe. i have even succeeded in getting some provisions. i have procured an english wrench, to unfasten the bolts which attach it to the shell of the nautilus. so all is ready, till to-night." "the sea is bad." "that i allow," replied the canadian; "but we must risk that. liberty is worth paying for; besides, the boat is strong, and a few miles with a fair wind to carry us is no great thing. who knows but by to-morrow we may be a hundred leagues away? let circumstances only favour us, and by ten or eleven o'clock we shall have landed on some spot of terra firma, alive or dead. but adieu now till to-night." with these words the canadian withdrew, leaving me almost dumb. i had imagined that, the chance gone, i should have time to reflect and discuss the matter. my obstinate companion had given me no time; and, after all, what could i have said to him? ned land was perfectly right. there was almost the opportunity to profit by. could i retract my word, and take upon myself the responsibility of compromising the future of my companions? to-morrow captain nemo might take us far from all land. at that moment a rather loud hissing noise told me that the reservoirs were filling, and that the nautilus was sinking under the waves of the atlantic. a sad day i passed, between the desire of regaining my liberty of action and of abandoning the wonderful nautilus, and leaving my submarine studies incomplete. what dreadful hours i passed thus! sometimes seeing myself and companions safely landed, sometimes wishing, in spite of my reason, that some unforeseen circumstance, would prevent the realisation of ned land's project. twice i went to the saloon. i wished to consult the compass. i wished to see if the direction the nautilus was taking was bringing us nearer or taking us farther from the coast. but no; the nautilus kept in portuguese waters. i must therefore take my part and prepare for flight. my luggage was not heavy; my notes, nothing more. as to captain nemo, i asked myself what he would think of our escape; what trouble, what wrong it might cause him and what he might do in case of its discovery or failure. certainly i had no cause to complain of him; on the contrary, never was hospitality freer than his. in leaving him i could not be taxed with ingratitude. no oath bound us to him. it was on the strength of circumstances he relied, and not upon our word, to fix us for ever. i had not seen the captain since our visit to the island of santorin. would chance bring me to his presence before our departure? i wished it, and i feared it at the same time. i listened if i could hear him walking the room contiguous to mine. no sound reached my ear. i felt an unbearable uneasiness. this day of waiting seemed eternal. hours struck too slowly to keep pace with my impatience. my dinner was served in my room as usual. i ate but little; i was too preoccupied. i left the table at seven o'clock. a hundred and twenty minutes (i counted them) still separated me from the moment in which i was to join ned land. my agitation redoubled. my pulse beat violently. i could not remain quiet. i went and came, hoping to calm my troubled spirit by constant movement. the idea of failure in our bold enterprise was the least painful of my anxieties; but the thought of seeing our project discovered before leaving the nautilus, of being brought before captain nemo, irritated, or (what was worse) saddened, at my desertion, made my heart beat. i wanted to see the saloon for the last time. i descended the stairs and arrived in the museum, where i had passed so many useful and agreeable hours. i looked at all its riches, all its treasures, like a man on the eve of an eternal exile, who was leaving never to return. these wonders of nature, these masterpieces of art, amongst which for so many days my life had been concentrated, i was going to abandon them for ever! i should like to have taken a last look through the windows of the saloon into the waters of the atlantic: but the panels were hermetically closed, and a cloak of steel separated me from that ocean which i had not yet explored. in passing through the saloon, i came near the door let into the angle which opened into the captain's room. to my great surprise, this door was ajar. i drew back involuntarily. if captain nemo should be in his room, he could see me. but, hearing no sound, i drew nearer. the room was deserted. i pushed open the door and took some steps forward. still the same monklike severity of aspect. suddenly the clock struck eight. the first beat of the hammer on the bell awoke me from my dreams. i trembled as if an invisible eye had plunged into my most secret thoughts, and i hurried from the room. there my eye fell upon the compass. our course was still north. the log indicated moderate speed, the manometer a depth of about sixty feet. i returned to my room, clothed myself warmly--sea boots, an otterskin cap, a great coat of byssus, lined with sealskin; i was ready, i was waiting. the vibration of the screw alone broke the deep silence which reigned on board. i listened attentively. would no loud voice suddenly inform me that ned land had been surprised in his projected flight. a mortal dread hung over me, and i vainly tried to regain my accustomed coolness. at a few minutes to nine, i put my ear to the captain's door. no noise. i left my room and returned to the saloon, which was half in obscurity, but deserted. i opened the door communicating with the library. the same insufficient light, the same solitude. i placed myself near the door leading to the central staircase, and there waited for ned land's signal. at that moment the trembling of the screw sensibly diminished, then it stopped entirely. the silence was now only disturbed by the beatings of my own heart. suddenly a slight shock was felt; and i knew that the nautilus had stopped at the bottom of the ocean. my uneasiness increased. the canadian's signal did not come. i felt inclined to join ned land and beg of him to put off his attempt. i felt that we were not sailing under our usual conditions. at this moment the door of the large saloon opened, and captain nemo appeared. he saw me, and without further preamble began in an amiable tone of voice: "ah, sir! i have been looking for you. do you know the history of spain?" now, one might know the history of one's own country by heart; but in the condition i was at the time, with troubled mind and head quite lost, i could not have said a word of it. "well," continued captain nemo, "you heard my question! do you know the history of spain?" "very slightly," i answered. "well, here are learned men having to learn," said the captain. "come, sit down, and i will tell you a curious episode in this history. sir, listen well," said he; "this history will interest you on one side, for it will answer a question which doubtless you have not been able to solve." "i listen, captain," said i, not knowing what my interlocutor was driving at, and asking myself if this incident was bearing on our projected flight. "sir, if you have no objection, we will go back to . you cannot be ignorant that your king, louis xiv, thinking that the gesture of a potentate was sufficient to bring the pyrenees under his yoke, had imposed the duke of anjou, his grandson, on the spaniards. this prince reigned more or less badly under the name of philip v, and had a strong party against him abroad. indeed, the preceding year, the royal houses of holland, austria, and england had concluded a treaty of alliance at the hague, with the intention of plucking the crown of spain from the head of philip v, and placing it on that of an archduke to whom they prematurely gave the title of charles iii. "spain must resist this coalition; but she was almost entirely unprovided with either soldiers or sailors. however, money would not fail them, provided that their galleons, laden with gold and silver from america, once entered their ports. and about the end of they expected a rich convoy which france was escorting with a fleet of twenty-three vessels, commanded by admiral chateau-renaud, for the ships of the coalition were already beating the atlantic. this convoy was to go to cadiz, but the admiral, hearing that an english fleet was cruising in those waters, resolved to make for a french port. "the spanish commanders of the convoy objected to this decision. they wanted to be taken to a spanish port, and, if not to cadiz, into vigo bay, situated on the northwest coast of spain, and which was not blocked. "admiral chateau-renaud had the rashness to obey this injunction, and the galleons entered vigo bay. "unfortunately, it formed an open road which could not be defended in any way. they must therefore hasten to unload the galleons before the arrival of the combined fleet; and time would not have failed them had not a miserable question of rivalry suddenly arisen. "you are following the chain of events?" asked captain nemo. "perfectly," said i, not knowing the end proposed by this historical lesson. "i will continue. this is what passed. the merchants of cadiz had a privilege by which they had the right of receiving all merchandise coming from the west indies. now, to disembark these ingots at the port of vigo was depriving them of their rights. they complained at madrid, and obtained the consent of the weak-minded philip that the convoy, without discharging its cargo, should remain sequestered in the roads of vigo until the enemy had disappeared. "but whilst coming to this decision, on the nd of october, , the english vessels arrived in vigo bay, when admiral chateau-renaud, in spite of inferior forces, fought bravely. but, seeing that the treasure must fall into the enemy's hands, he burnt and scuttled every galleon, which went to the bottom with their immense riches." captain nemo stopped. i admit i could not see yet why this history should interest me. "well?" i asked. "well, m. aronnax," replied captain nemo, "we are in that vigo bay; and it rests with yourself whether you will penetrate its mysteries." the captain rose, telling me to follow him. i had had time to recover. i obeyed. the saloon was dark, but through the transparent glass the waves were sparkling. i looked. for half a mile around the nautilus, the waters seemed bathed in electric light. the sandy bottom was clean and bright. some of the ship's crew in their diving-dresses were clearing away half-rotten barrels and empty cases from the midst of the blackened wrecks. from these cases and from these barrels escaped ingots of gold and silver, cascades of piastres and jewels. the sand was heaped up with them. laden with their precious booty, the men returned to the nautilus, disposed of their burden, and went back to this inexhaustible fishery of gold and silver. i understood now. this was the scene of the battle of the nd of october, . here on this very spot the galleons laden for the spanish government had sunk. here captain nemo came, according to his wants, to pack up those millions with which he burdened the nautilus. it was for him and him alone america had given up her precious metals. he was heir direct, without anyone to share, in those treasures torn from the incas and from the conquered of ferdinand cortez. "did you know, sir," he asked, smiling, "that the sea contained such riches?" "i knew," i answered, "that they value money held in suspension in these waters at two millions." "doubtless; but to extract this money the expense would be greater than the profit. here, on the contrary, i have but to pick up what man has lost--and not only in vigo bay, but in a thousand other ports where shipwrecks have happened, and which are marked on my submarine map. can you understand now the source of the millions i am worth?" "i understand, captain. but allow me to tell you that in exploring vigo bay you have only been beforehand with a rival society." "and which?" "a society which has received from the spanish government the privilege of seeking those buried galleons. the shareholders are led on by the allurement of an enormous bounty, for they value these rich shipwrecks at five hundred millions." "five hundred millions they were," answered captain nemo, "but they are so no longer." "just so," said i; "and a warning to those shareholders would be an act of charity. but who knows if it would be well received? what gamblers usually regret above all is less the loss of their money than of their foolish hopes. after all, i pity them less than the thousands of unfortunates to whom so much riches well-distributed would have been profitable, whilst for them they will be for ever barren." i had no sooner expressed this regret than i felt that it must have wounded captain nemo. "barren!" he exclaimed, with animation. "do you think then, sir, that these riches are lost because i gather them? is it for myself alone, according to your idea, that i take the trouble to collect these treasures? who told you that i did not make a good use of it? do you think i am ignorant that there are suffering beings and oppressed races on this earth, miserable creatures to console, victims to avenge? do you not understand?" captain nemo stopped at these last words, regretting perhaps that he had spoken so much. but i had guessed that, whatever the motive which had forced him to seek independence under the sea, it had left him still a man, that his heart still beat for the sufferings of humanity, and that his immense charity was for oppressed races as well as individuals. and i then understood for whom those millions were destined which were forwarded by captain nemo when the nautilus was cruising in the waters of crete. chapter ix a vanished continent the next morning, the th of february, i saw the canadian enter my room. i expected this visit. he looked very disappointed. "well, sir?" said he. "well, ned, fortune was against us yesterday." "yes; that captain must needs stop exactly at the hour we intended leaving his vessel." "yes, ned, he had business at his bankers." "his bankers!" "or rather his banking-house; by that i mean the ocean, where his riches are safer than in the chests of the state." i then related to the canadian the incidents of the preceding night, hoping to bring him back to the idea of not abandoning the captain; but my recital had no other result than an energetically expressed regret from ned that he had not been able to take a walk on the battlefield of vigo on his own account. "however," said he, "all is not ended. it is only a blow of the harpoon lost. another time we must succeed; and to-night, if necessary----" "in what direction is the nautilus going?" i asked. "i do not know," replied ned. "well, at noon we shall see the point." the canadian returned to conseil. as soon as i was dressed, i went into the saloon. the compass was not reassuring. the course of the nautilus was s.s.w. we were turning our backs on europe. i waited with some impatience till the ship's place was pricked on the chart. at about half-past eleven the reservoirs were emptied, and our vessel rose to the surface of the ocean. i rushed towards the platform. ned land had preceded me. no more land in sight. nothing but an immense sea. some sails on the horizon, doubtless those going to san roque in search of favourable winds for doubling the cape of good hope. the weather was cloudy. a gale of wind was preparing. ned raved, and tried to pierce the cloudy horizon. he still hoped that behind all that fog stretched the land he so longed for. at noon the sun showed itself for an instant. the second profited by this brightness to take its height. then, the sea becoming more billowy, we descended, and the panel closed. an hour after, upon consulting the chart, i saw the position of the nautilus was marked at ° ' long., and ° ' lat., at leagues from the nearest coast. there was no means of flight, and i leave you to imagine the rage of the canadian when i informed him of our situation. for myself, i was not particularly sorry. i felt lightened of the load which had oppressed me, and was able to return with some degree of calmness to my accustomed work. that night, about eleven o'clock, i received a most unexpected visit from captain nemo. he asked me very graciously if i felt fatigued from my watch of the preceding night. i answered in the negative. "then, m. aronnax, i propose a curious excursion." "propose, captain?" "you have hitherto only visited the submarine depths by daylight, under the brightness of the sun. would it suit you to see them in the darkness of the night?" "most willingly." "i warn you, the way will be tiring. we shall have far to walk, and must climb a mountain. the roads are not well kept." "what you say, captain, only heightens my curiosity; i am ready to follow you." "come then, sir, we will put on our diving-dresses." arrived at the robing-room, i saw that neither of my companions nor any of the ship's crew were to follow us on this excursion. captain nemo had not even proposed my taking with me either ned or conseil. in a few moments we had put on our diving-dresses; they placed on our backs the reservoirs, abundantly filled with air, but no electric lamps were prepared. i called the captain's attention to the fact. "they will be useless," he replied. i thought i had not heard aright, but i could not repeat my observation, for the captain's head had already disappeared in its metal case. i finished harnessing myself. i felt them put an iron-pointed stick into my hand, and some minutes later, after going through the usual form, we set foot on the bottom of the atlantic at a depth of fathoms. midnight was near. the waters were profoundly dark, but captain nemo pointed out in the distance a reddish spot, a sort of large light shining brilliantly about two miles from the nautilus. what this fire might be, what could feed it, why and how it lit up the liquid mass, i could not say. in any case, it did light our way, vaguely, it is true, but i soon accustomed myself to the peculiar darkness, and i understood, under such circumstances, the uselessness of the ruhmkorff apparatus. as we advanced, i heard a kind of pattering above my head. the noise redoubling, sometimes producing a continual shower, i soon understood the cause. it was rain falling violently, and crisping the surface of the waves. instinctively the thought flashed across my mind that i should be wet through! by the water! in the midst of the water! i could not help laughing at the odd idea. but, indeed, in the thick diving-dress, the liquid element is no longer felt, and one only seems to be in an atmosphere somewhat denser than the terrestrial atmosphere. nothing more. after half an hour's walk the soil became stony. medusae, microscopic crustacea, and pennatules lit it slightly with their phosphorescent gleam. i caught a glimpse of pieces of stone covered with millions of zoophytes and masses of sea weed. my feet often slipped upon this sticky carpet of sea weed, and without my iron-tipped stick i should have fallen more than once. in turning round, i could still see the whitish lantern of the nautilus beginning to pale in the distance. but the rosy light which guided us increased and lit up the horizon. the presence of this fire under water puzzled me in the highest degree. was i going towards a natural phenomenon as yet unknown to the _savants_ of the earth? or even (for this thought crossed my brain) had the hand of man aught to do with this conflagration? had he fanned this flame? was i to meet in these depths companions and friends of captain nemo whom he was going to visit, and who, like him, led this strange existence? should i find down there a whole colony of exiles who, weary of the miseries of this earth, had sought and found independence in the deep ocean? all these foolish and unreasonable ideas pursued me. and in this condition of mind, over-excited by the succession of wonders continually passing before my eyes, i should not have been surprised to meet at the bottom of the sea one of those submarine towns of which captain nemo dreamed. our road grew lighter and lighter. the white glimmer came in rays from the summit of a mountain about feet high. but what i saw was simply a reflection, developed by the clearness of the waters. the source of this inexplicable light was a fire on the opposite side of the mountain. in the midst of this stony maze furrowing the bottom of the atlantic, captain nemo advanced without hesitation. he knew this dreary road. doubtless he had often travelled over it, and could not lose himself. i followed him with unshaken confidence. he seemed to me like a genie of the sea; and, as he walked before me, i could not help admiring his stature, which was outlined in black on the luminous horizon. it was one in the morning when we arrived at the first slopes of the mountain; but to gain access to them we must venture through the difficult paths of a vast copse. yes; a copse of dead trees, without leaves, without sap, trees petrified by the action of the water and here and there overtopped by gigantic pines. it was like a coal-pit still standing, holding by the roots to the broken soil, and whose branches, like fine black paper cuttings, showed distinctly on the watery ceiling. picture to yourself a forest in the hartz hanging on to the sides of the mountain, but a forest swallowed up. the paths were encumbered with seaweed and fucus, between which grovelled a whole world of crustacea. i went along, climbing the rocks, striding over extended trunks, breaking the sea bind-weed which hung from one tree to the other; and frightening the fishes, which flew from branch to branch. pressing onward, i felt no fatigue. i followed my guide, who was never tired. what a spectacle! how can i express it? how paint the aspect of those woods and rocks in this medium--their under parts dark and wild, the upper coloured with red tints, by that light which the reflecting powers of the waters doubled? we climbed rocks which fell directly after with gigantic bounds and the low growling of an avalanche. to right and left ran long, dark galleries, where sight was lost. here opened vast glades which the hand of man seemed to have worked; and i sometimes asked myself if some inhabitant of these submarine regions would not suddenly appear to me. but captain nemo was still mounting. i could not stay behind. i followed boldly. my stick gave me good help. a false step would have been dangerous on the narrow passes sloping down to the sides of the gulfs; but i walked with firm step, without feeling any giddiness. now i jumped a crevice, the depth of which would have made me hesitate had it been among the glaciers on the land; now i ventured on the unsteady trunk of a tree thrown across from one abyss to the other, without looking under my feet, having only eyes to admire the wild sites of this region. there, monumental rocks, leaning on their regularly-cut bases, seemed to defy all laws of equilibrium. from between their stony knees trees sprang, like a jet under heavy pressure, and upheld others which upheld them. natural towers, large scarps, cut perpendicularly, like a "curtain," inclined at an angle which the laws of gravitation could never have tolerated in terrestrial regions. two hours after quitting the nautilus we had crossed the line of trees, and a hundred feet above our heads rose the top of the mountain, which cast a shadow on the brilliant irradiation of the opposite slope. some petrified shrubs ran fantastically here and there. fishes got up under our feet like birds in the long grass. the massive rocks were rent with impenetrable fractures, deep grottos, and unfathomable holes, at the bottom of which formidable creatures might be heard moving. my blood curdled when i saw enormous antennae blocking my road, or some frightful claw closing with a noise in the shadow of some cavity. millions of luminous spots shone brightly in the midst of the darkness. they were the eyes of giant crustacea crouched in their holes; giant lobsters setting themselves up like halberdiers, and moving their claws with the clicking sound of pincers; titanic crabs, pointed like a gun on its carriage; and frightful-looking poulps, interweaving their tentacles like a living nest of serpents. we had now arrived on the first platform, where other surprises awaited me. before us lay some picturesque ruins, which betrayed the hand of man and not that of the creator. there were vast heaps of stone, amongst which might be traced the vague and shadowy forms of castles and temples, clothed with a world of blossoming zoophytes, and over which, instead of ivy, sea-weed and fucus threw a thick vegetable mantle. but what was this portion of the globe which had been swallowed by cataclysms? who had placed those rocks and stones like cromlechs of prehistoric times? where was i? whither had captain nemo's fancy hurried me? i would fain have asked him; not being able to, i stopped him--i seized his arm. but, shaking his head, and pointing to the highest point of the mountain, he seemed to say: "come, come along; come higher!" i followed, and in a few minutes i had climbed to the top, which for a circle of ten yards commanded the whole mass of rock. i looked down the side we had just climbed. the mountain did not rise more than seven or eight hundred feet above the level of the plain; but on the opposite side it commanded from twice that height the depths of this part of the atlantic. my eyes ranged far over a large space lit by a violent fulguration. in fact, the mountain was a volcano. at fifty feet above the peak, in the midst of a rain of stones and scoriae, a large crater was vomiting forth torrents of lava which fell in a cascade of fire into the bosom of the liquid mass. thus situated, this volcano lit the lower plain like an immense torch, even to the extreme limits of the horizon. i said that the submarine crater threw up lava, but no flames. flames require the oxygen of the air to feed upon and cannot be developed under water; but streams of lava, having in themselves the principles of their incandescence, can attain a white heat, fight vigorously against the liquid element, and turn it to vapour by contact. rapid currents bearing all these gases in diffusion and torrents of lava slid to the bottom of the mountain like an eruption of vesuvius on another terra del greco. there indeed under my eyes, ruined, destroyed, lay a town--its roofs open to the sky, its temples fallen, its arches dislocated, its columns lying on the ground, from which one would still recognise the massive character of tuscan architecture. further on, some remains of a gigantic aqueduct; here the high base of an acropolis, with the floating outline of a parthenon; there traces of a quay, as if an ancient port had formerly abutted on the borders of the ocean, and disappeared with its merchant vessels and its war-galleys. farther on again, long lines of sunken walls and broad, deserted streets--a perfect pompeii escaped beneath the waters. such was the sight that captain nemo brought before my eyes! where was i? where was i? i must know at any cost. i tried to speak, but captain nemo stopped me by a gesture, and, picking up a piece of chalk-stone, advanced to a rock of black basalt, and traced the one word: atlantis what a light shot through my mind! atlantis! the atlantis of plato, that continent denied by origen and humbolt, who placed its disappearance amongst the legendary tales. i had it there now before my eyes, bearing upon it the unexceptionable testimony of its catastrophe. the region thus engulfed was beyond europe, asia, and lybia, beyond the columns of hercules, where those powerful people, the atlantides, lived, against whom the first wars of ancient greeks were waged. thus, led by the strangest destiny, i was treading under foot the mountains of this continent, touching with my hand those ruins a thousand generations old and contemporary with the geological epochs. i was walking on the very spot where the contemporaries of the first man had walked. whilst i was trying to fix in my mind every detail of this grand landscape, captain nemo remained motionless, as if petrified in mute ecstasy, leaning on a mossy stone. was he dreaming of those generations long since disappeared? was he asking them the secret of human destiny? was it here this strange man came to steep himself in historical recollections, and live again this ancient life--he who wanted no modern one? what would i not have given to know his thoughts, to share them, to understand them! we remained for an hour at this place, contemplating the vast plains under the brightness of the lava, which was some times wonderfully intense. rapid tremblings ran along the mountain caused by internal bubblings, deep noise, distinctly transmitted through the liquid medium were echoed with majestic grandeur. at this moment the moon appeared through the mass of waters and threw her pale rays on the buried continent. it was but a gleam, but what an indescribable effect! the captain rose, cast one last look on the immense plain, and then bade me follow him. we descended the mountain rapidly, and, the mineral forest once passed, i saw the lantern of the nautilus shining like a star. the captain walked straight to it, and we got on board as the first rays of light whitened the surface of the ocean. chapter x the submarine coal-mines the next day, the th of february, i awoke very late: the fatigues of the previous night had prolonged my sleep until eleven o'clock. i dressed quickly, and hastened to find the course the nautilus was taking. the instruments showed it to be still toward the south, with a speed of twenty miles an hour and a depth of fifty fathoms. the species of fishes here did not differ much from those already noticed. there were rays of giant size, five yards long, and endowed with great muscular strength, which enabled them to shoot above the waves; sharks of many kinds; amongst others, one fifteen feet long, with triangular sharp teeth, and whose transparency rendered it almost invisible in the water. amongst bony fish conseil noticed some about three yards long, armed at the upper jaw with a piercing sword; other bright-coloured creatures, known in the time of aristotle by the name of the sea-dragon, which are dangerous to capture on account of the spikes on their back. about four o'clock, the soil, generally composed of a thick mud mixed with petrified wood, changed by degrees, and it became more stony, and seemed strewn with conglomerate and pieces of basalt, with a sprinkling of lava. i thought that a mountainous region was succeeding the long plains; and accordingly, after a few evolutions of the nautilus, i saw the southerly horizon blocked by a high wall which seemed to close all exit. its summit evidently passed the level of the ocean. it must be a continent, or at least an island--one of the canaries, or of the cape verde islands. the bearings not being yet taken, perhaps designedly, i was ignorant of our exact position. in any case, such a wall seemed to me to mark the limits of that atlantis, of which we had in reality passed over only the smallest part. much longer should i have remained at the window admiring the beauties of sea and sky, but the panels closed. at this moment the nautilus arrived at the side of this high, perpendicular wall. what it would do, i could not guess. i returned to my room; it no longer moved. i laid myself down with the full intention of waking after a few hours' sleep; but it was eight o'clock the next day when i entered the saloon. i looked at the manometer. it told me that the nautilus was floating on the surface of the ocean. besides, i heard steps on the platform. i went to the panel. it was open; but, instead of broad daylight, as i expected, i was surrounded by profound darkness. where were we? was i mistaken? was it still night? no; not a star was shining and night has not that utter darkness. i knew not what to think, when a voice near me said: "is that you, professor?" "ah! captain," i answered, "where are we?" "underground, sir." "underground!" i exclaimed. "and the nautilus floating still?" "it always floats." "but i do not understand." "wait a few minutes, our lantern will be lit, and, if you like light places, you will be satisfied." i stood on the platform and waited. the darkness was so complete that i could not even see captain nemo; but, looking to the zenith, exactly above my head, i seemed to catch an undecided gleam, a kind of twilight filling a circular hole. at this instant the lantern was lit, and its vividness dispelled the faint light. i closed my dazzled eyes for an instant, and then looked again. the nautilus was stationary, floating near a mountain which formed a sort of quay. the lake, then, supporting it was a lake imprisoned by a circle of walls, measuring two miles in diameter and six in circumference. its level (the manometer showed) could only be the same as the outside level, for there must necessarily be a communication between the lake and the sea. the high partitions, leaning forward on their base, grew into a vaulted roof bearing the shape of an immense funnel turned upside down, the height being about five or six hundred yards. at the summit was a circular orifice, by which i had caught the slight gleam of light, evidently daylight. "where are we?" i asked. "in the very heart of an extinct volcano, the interior of which has been invaded by the sea, after some great convulsion of the earth. whilst you were sleeping, professor, the nautilus penetrated to this lagoon by a natural canal, which opens about ten yards beneath the surface of the ocean. this is its harbour of refuge, a sure, commodious, and mysterious one, sheltered from all gales. show me, if you can, on the coasts of any of your continents or islands, a road which can give such perfect refuge from all storms." "certainly," i replied, "you are in safety here, captain nemo. who could reach you in the heart of a volcano? but did i not see an opening at its summit?" "yes; its crater, formerly filled with lava, vapour, and flames, and which now gives entrance to the life-giving air we breathe." "but what is this volcanic mountain?" "it belongs to one of the numerous islands with which this sea is strewn--to vessels a simple sandbank--to us an immense cavern. chance led me to discover it, and chance served me well." "but of what use is this refuge, captain? the nautilus wants no port." "no, sir; but it wants electricity to make it move, and the wherewithal to make the electricity--sodium to feed the elements, coal from which to get the sodium, and a coal-mine to supply the coal. and exactly on this spot the sea covers entire forests embedded during the geological periods, now mineralised and transformed into coal; for me they are an inexhaustible mine." "your men follow the trade of miners here, then, captain?" "exactly so. these mines extend under the waves like the mines of newcastle. here, in their diving-dresses, pick axe and shovel in hand, my men extract the coal, which i do not even ask from the mines of the earth. when i burn this combustible for the manufacture of sodium, the smoke, escaping from the crater of the mountain, gives it the appearance of a still-active volcano." "and we shall see your companions at work?" "no; not this time at least; for i am in a hurry to continue our submarine tour of the earth. so i shall content myself with drawing from the reserve of sodium i already possess. the time for loading is one day only, and we continue our voyage. so, if you wish to go over the cavern and make the round of the lagoon, you must take advantage of to-day, m. aronnax." i thanked the captain and went to look for my companions, who had not yet left their cabin. i invited them to follow me without saying where we were. they mounted the platform. conseil, who was astonished at nothing, seemed to look upon it as quite natural that he should wake under a mountain, after having fallen asleep under the waves. but ned land thought of nothing but finding whether the cavern had any exit. after breakfast, about ten o'clock, we went down on to the mountain. "here we are, once more on land," said conseil. "i do not call this land," said the canadian. "and besides, we are not on it, but beneath it." between the walls of the mountains and the waters of the lake lay a sandy shore which, at its greatest breadth, measured five hundred feet. on this soil one might easily make the tour of the lake. but the base of the high partitions was stony ground, with volcanic locks and enormous pumice-stones lying in picturesque heaps. all these detached masses, covered with enamel, polished by the action of the subterraneous fires, shone resplendent by the light of our electric lantern. the mica dust from the shore, rising under our feet, flew like a cloud of sparks. the bottom now rose sensibly, and we soon arrived at long circuitous slopes, or inclined planes, which took us higher by degrees; but we were obliged to walk carefully among these conglomerates, bound by no cement, the feet slipping on the glassy crystal, felspar, and quartz. the volcanic nature of this enormous excavation was confirmed on all sides, and i pointed it out to my companions. "picture to yourselves," said i, "what this crater must have been when filled with boiling lava, and when the level of the incandescent liquid rose to the orifice of the mountain, as though melted on the top of a hot plate." "i can picture it perfectly," said conseil. "but, sir, will you tell me why the great architect has suspended operations, and how it is that the furnace is replaced by the quiet waters of the lake?" "most probably, conseil, because some convulsion beneath the ocean produced that very opening which has served as a passage for the nautilus. then the waters of the atlantic rushed into the interior of the mountain. there must have been a terrible struggle between the two elements, a struggle which ended in the victory of neptune. but many ages have run out since then, and the submerged volcano is now a peaceable grotto." "very well," replied ned land; "i accept the explanation, sir; but, in our own interests, i regret that the opening of which you speak was not made above the level of the sea." "but, friend ned," said conseil, "if the passage had not been under the sea, the nautilus could not have gone through it." we continued ascending. the steps became more and more perpendicular and narrow. deep excavations, which we were obliged to cross, cut them here and there; sloping masses had to be turned. we slid upon our knees and crawled along. but conseil's dexterity and the canadian's strength surmounted all obstacles. at a height of about feet the nature of the ground changed without becoming more practicable. to the conglomerate and trachyte succeeded black basalt, the first dispread in layers full of bubbles, the latter forming regular prisms, placed like a colonnade supporting the spring of the immense vault, an admirable specimen of natural architecture. between the blocks of basalt wound long streams of lava, long since grown cold, encrusted with bituminous rays; and in some places there were spread large carpets of sulphur. a more powerful light shone through the upper crater, shedding a vague glimmer over these volcanic depressions for ever buried in the bosom of this extinguished mountain. but our upward march was soon stopped at a height of about two hundred and fifty feet by impassable obstacles. there was a complete vaulted arch overhanging us, and our ascent was changed to a circular walk. at the last change vegetable life began to struggle with the mineral. some shrubs, and even some trees, grew from the fractures of the walls. i recognised some euphorbias, with the caustic sugar coming from them; heliotropes, quite incapable of justifying their name, sadly drooped their clusters of flowers, both their colour and perfume half gone. here and there some chrysanthemums grew timidly at the foot of an aloe with long, sickly-looking leaves. but between the streams of lava, i saw some little violets still slightly perfumed, and i admit that i smelt them with delight. perfume is the soul of the flower, and sea-flowers have no soul. we had arrived at the foot of some sturdy dragon-trees, which had pushed aside the rocks with their strong roots, when ned land exclaimed: "ah! sir, a hive! a hive!" "a hive!" i replied, with a gesture of incredulity. "yes, a hive," repeated the canadian, "and bees humming round it." i approached, and was bound to believe my own eyes. there at a hole bored in one of the dragon-trees were some thousands of these ingenious insects, so common in all the canaries, and whose produce is so much esteemed. naturally enough, the canadian wished to gather the honey, and i could not well oppose his wish. a quantity of dry leaves, mixed with sulphur, he lit with a spark from his flint, and he began to smoke out the bees. the humming ceased by degrees, and the hive eventually yielded several pounds of the sweetest honey, with which ned land filled his haversack. "when i have mixed this honey with the paste of the bread-fruit," said he, "i shall be able to offer you a succulent cake." [transcriber's note: 'bread-fruit' has been substituted for 'artocarpus' in this ed.] "'pon my word," said conseil, "it will be gingerbread." "never mind the gingerbread," said i; "let us continue our interesting walk." at every turn of the path we were following, the lake appeared in all its length and breadth. the lantern lit up the whole of its peaceable surface, which knew neither ripple nor wave. the nautilus remained perfectly immovable. on the platform, and on the mountain, the ship's crew were working like black shadows clearly carved against the luminous atmosphere. we were now going round the highest crest of the first layers of rock which upheld the roof. i then saw that bees were not the only representatives of the animal kingdom in the interior of this volcano. birds of prey hovered here and there in the shadows, or fled from their nests on the top of the rocks. there were sparrow hawks, with white breasts, and kestrels, and down the slopes scampered, with their long legs, several fine fat bustards. i leave anyone to imagine the covetousness of the canadian at the sight of this savoury game, and whether he did not regret having no gun. but he did his best to replace the lead by stones, and, after several fruitless attempts, he succeeded in wounding a magnificent bird. to say that he risked his life twenty times before reaching it is but the truth; but he managed so well that the creature joined the honey-cakes in his bag. we were now obliged to descend toward the shore, the crest becoming impracticable. above us the crater seemed to gape like the mouth of a well. from this place the sky could be clearly seen, and clouds, dissipated by the west wind, leaving behind them, even on the summit of the mountain, their misty remnants--certain proof that they were only moderately high, for the volcano did not rise more than eight hundred feet above the level of the ocean. half an hour after the canadian's last exploit we had regained the inner shore. here the flora was represented by large carpets of marine crystal, a little umbelliferous plant very good to pickle, which also bears the name of pierce-stone and sea-fennel. conseil gathered some bundles of it. as to the fauna, it might be counted by thousands of crustacea of all sorts, lobsters, crabs, spider-crabs, chameleon shrimps, and a large number of shells, rockfish, and limpets. three-quarters of an hour later we had finished our circuitous walk and were on board. the crew had just finished loading the sodium, and the nautilus could have left that instant. but captain nemo gave no order. did he wish to wait until night, and leave the submarine passage secretly? perhaps so. whatever it might be, the next day, the nautilus, having left its port, steered clear of all land at a few yards beneath the waves of the atlantic. chapter xi the sargasso sea that day the nautilus crossed a singular part of the atlantic ocean. no one can be ignorant of the existence of a current of warm water known by the name of the gulf stream. after leaving the gulf of florida, we went in the direction of spitzbergen. but before entering the gulf of mexico, about ° of n. lat., this current divides into two arms, the principal one going towards the coast of ireland and norway, whilst the second bends to the south about the height of the azores; then, touching the african shore, and describing a lengthened oval, returns to the antilles. this second arm--it is rather a collar than an arm--surrounds with its circles of warm water that portion of the cold, quiet, immovable ocean called the sargasso sea, a perfect lake in the open atlantic: it takes no less than three years for the great current to pass round it. such was the region the nautilus was now visiting, a perfect meadow, a close carpet of seaweed, fucus, and tropical berries, so thick and so compact that the stem of a vessel could hardly tear its way through it. and captain nemo, not wishing to entangle his screw in this herbaceous mass, kept some yards beneath the surface of the waves. the name sargasso comes from the spanish word "sargazzo" which signifies kelp. this kelp, or berry-plant, is the principal formation of this immense bank. and this is the reason why these plants unite in the peaceful basin of the atlantic. the only explanation which can be given, he says, seems to me to result from the experience known to all the world. place in a vase some fragments of cork or other floating body, and give to the water in the vase a circular movement, the scattered fragments will unite in a group in the centre of the liquid surface, that is to say, in the part least agitated. in the phenomenon we are considering, the atlantic is the vase, the gulf stream the circular current, and the sargasso sea the central point at which the floating bodies unite. i share maury's opinion, and i was able to study the phenomenon in the very midst, where vessels rarely penetrate. above us floated products of all kinds, heaped up among these brownish plants; trunks of trees torn from the andes or the rocky mountains, and floated by the amazon or the mississippi; numerous wrecks, remains of keels, or ships' bottoms, side-planks stove in, and so weighted with shells and barnacles that they could not again rise to the surface. and time will one day justify maury's other opinion, that these substances thus accumulated for ages will become petrified by the action of the water and will then form inexhaustible coal-mines--a precious reserve prepared by far-seeing nature for the moment when men shall have exhausted the mines of continents. in the midst of this inextricable mass of plants and sea weed, i noticed some charming pink halcyons and actiniae, with their long tentacles trailing after them, and medusae, green, red, and blue. all the day of the nd of february we passed in the sargasso sea, where such fish as are partial to marine plants find abundant nourishment. the next, the ocean had returned to its accustomed aspect. from this time for nineteen days, from the rd of february to the th of march, the nautilus kept in the middle of the atlantic, carrying us at a constant speed of a hundred leagues in twenty-four hours. captain nemo evidently intended accomplishing his submarine programme, and i imagined that he intended, after doubling cape horn, to return to the australian seas of the pacific. ned land had cause for fear. in these large seas, void of islands, we could not attempt to leave the boat. nor had we any means of opposing captain nemo's will. our only course was to submit; but what we could neither gain by force nor cunning, i liked to think might be obtained by persuasion. this voyage ended, would he not consent to restore our liberty, under an oath never to reveal his existence?--an oath of honour which we should have religiously kept. but we must consider that delicate question with the captain. but was i free to claim this liberty? had he not himself said from the beginning, in the firmest manner, that the secret of his life exacted from him our lasting imprisonment on board the nautilus? and would not my four months' silence appear to him a tacit acceptance of our situation? and would not a return to the subject result in raising suspicions which might be hurtful to our projects, if at some future time a favourable opportunity offered to return to them? during the nineteen days mentioned above, no incident of any kind happened to signalise our voyage. i saw little of the captain; he was at work. in the library i often found his books left open, especially those on natural history. my work on submarine depths, conned over by him, was covered with marginal notes, often contradicting my theories and systems; but the captain contented himself with thus purging my work; it was very rare for him to discuss it with me. sometimes i heard the melancholy tones of his organ; but only at night, in the midst of the deepest obscurity, when the nautilus slept upon the deserted ocean. during this part of our voyage we sailed whole days on the surface of the waves. the sea seemed abandoned. a few sailing-vessels, on the road to india, were making for the cape of good hope. one day we were followed by the boats of a whaler, who, no doubt, took us for some enormous whale of great price; but captain nemo did not wish the worthy fellows to lose their time and trouble, so ended the chase by plunging under the water. our navigation continued until the th of march; that day the nautilus was employed in taking soundings, which greatly interested me. we had then made about , leagues since our departure from the high seas of the pacific. the bearings gave us ° ' s. lat., and ° ' w. long. it was the same water in which captain denham of the herald sounded , fathoms without finding the bottom. there, too, lieutenant parker, of the american frigate congress, could not touch the bottom with , fathoms. captain nemo intended seeking the bottom of the ocean by a diagonal sufficiently lengthened by means of lateral planes placed at an angle of ° with the water-line of the nautilus. then the screw set to work at its maximum speed, its four blades beating the waves with in describable force. under this powerful pressure, the hull of the nautilus quivered like a sonorous chord and sank regularly under the water. at , fathoms i saw some blackish tops rising from the midst of the waters; but these summits might belong to high mountains like the himalayas or mont blanc, even higher; and the depth of the abyss remained incalculable. the nautilus descended still lower, in spite of the great pressure. i felt the steel plates tremble at the fastenings of the bolts; its bars bent, its partitions groaned; the windows of the saloon seemed to curve under the pressure of the waters. and this firm structure would doubtless have yielded, if, as its captain had said, it had not been capable of resistance like a solid block. we had attained a depth of , yards (four leagues), and the sides of the nautilus then bore a pressure of , atmospheres, that is to say, , lb. to each square two-fifths of an inch of its surface. "what a situation to be in!" i exclaimed. "to overrun these deep regions where man has never trod! look, captain, look at these magnificent rocks, these uninhabited grottoes, these lowest receptacles of the globe, where life is no longer possible! what unknown sights are here! why should we be unable to preserve a remembrance of them?" "would you like to carry away more than the remembrance?" said captain nemo. "what do you mean by those words?" "i mean to say that nothing is easier than to make a photographic view of this submarine region." i had not time to express my surprise at this new proposition, when, at captain nemo's call, an objective was brought into the saloon. through the widely-opened panel, the liquid mass was bright with electricity, which was distributed with such uniformity that not a shadow, not a gradation, was to be seen in our manufactured light. the nautilus remained motionless, the force of its screw subdued by the inclination of its planes: the instrument was propped on the bottom of the oceanic site, and in a few seconds we had obtained a perfect negative. but, the operation being over, captain nemo said, "let us go up; we must not abuse our position, nor expose the nautilus too long to such great pressure." "go up again!" i exclaimed. "hold well on." i had not time to understand why the captain cautioned me thus, when i was thrown forward on to the carpet. at a signal from the captain, its screw was shipped, and its blades raised vertically; the nautilus shot into the air like a balloon, rising with stunning rapidity, and cutting the mass of waters with a sonorous agitation. nothing was visible; and in four minutes it had shot through the four leagues which separated it from the ocean, and, after emerging like a flying-fish, fell, making the waves rebound to an enormous height. chapter xii cachalots and whales during the nights of the th and th of march, the nautilus returned to its southerly course. i fancied that, when on a level with cape horn, he would turn the helm westward, in order to beat the pacific seas, and so complete the tour of the world. he did nothing of the kind, but continued on his way to the southern regions. where was he going to? to the pole? it was madness! i began to think that the captain's temerity justified ned land's fears. for some time past the canadian had not spoken to me of his projects of flight; he was less communicative, almost silent. i could see that this lengthened imprisonment was weighing upon him, and i felt that rage was burning within him. when he met the captain, his eyes lit up with suppressed anger; and i feared that his natural violence would lead him into some extreme. that day, the th of march, conseil and he came to me in my room. i inquired the cause of their visit. "a simple question to ask you, sir," replied the canadian. "speak, ned." "how many men are there on board the nautilus, do you think?" "i cannot tell, my friend." "i should say that its working does not require a large crew." "certainly, under existing conditions, ten men, at the most, ought to be enough." "well, why should there be any more?" "why?" i replied, looking fixedly at ned land, whose meaning was easy to guess. "because," i added, "if my surmises are correct, and if i have well understood the captain's existence, the nautilus is not only a vessel: it is also a place of refuge for those who, like its commander, have broken every tie upon earth." "perhaps so," said conseil; "but, in any case, the nautilus can only contain a certain number of men. could not you, sir, estimate their maximum?" "how, conseil?" "by calculation; given the size of the vessel, which you know, sir, and consequently the quantity of air it contains, knowing also how much each man expends at a breath, and comparing these results with the fact that the nautilus is obliged to go to the surface every twenty-four hours." conseil had not finished the sentence before i saw what he was driving at. "i understand," said i; "but that calculation, though simple enough, can give but a very uncertain result." "never mind," said ned land urgently. "here it is, then," said i. "in one hour each man consumes the oxygen contained in twenty gallons of air; and in twenty-four, that contained in gallons. we must, therefore find how many times gallons of air the nautilus contains." "just so," said conseil. "or," i continued, "the size of the nautilus being , tons; and one ton holding gallons, it contains , gallons of air, which, divided by , gives a quotient of . which means to say, strictly speaking, that the air contained in the nautilus would suffice for men for twenty-four hours." "six hundred and twenty-five!" repeated ned. "but remember that all of us, passengers, sailors, and officers included, would not form a tenth part of that number." "still too many for three men," murmured conseil. the canadian shook his head, passed his hand across his forehead, and left the room without answering. "will you allow me to make one observation, sir?" said conseil. "poor ned is longing for everything that he can not have. his past life is always present to him; everything that we are forbidden he regrets. his head is full of old recollections. and we must understand him. what has he to do here? nothing; he is not learned like you, sir; and has not the same taste for the beauties of the sea that we have. he would risk everything to be able to go once more into a tavern in his own country." certainly the monotony on board must seem intolerable to the canadian, accustomed as he was to a life of liberty and activity. events were rare which could rouse him to any show of spirit; but that day an event did happen which recalled the bright days of the harpooner. about eleven in the morning, being on the surface of the ocean, the nautilus fell in with a troop of whales--an encounter which did not astonish me, knowing that these creatures, hunted to death, had taken refuge in high latitudes. we were seated on the platform, with a quiet sea. the month of october in those latitudes gave us some lovely autumnal days. it was the canadian--he could not be mistaken--who signalled a whale on the eastern horizon. looking attentively, one might see its black back rise and fall with the waves five miles from the nautilus. "ah!" exclaimed ned land, "if i was on board a whaler, now such a meeting would give me pleasure. it is one of large size. see with what strength its blow-holes throw up columns of air an steam! confound it, why am i bound to these steel plates?" "what, ned," said i, "you have not forgotten your old ideas of fishing?" "can a whale-fisher ever forget his old trade, sir? can he ever tire of the emotions caused by such a chase?" "you have never fished in these seas, ned?" "never, sir; in the northern only, and as much in behring as in davis straits." "then the southern whale is still unknown to you. it is the greenland whale you have hunted up to this time, and that would not risk passing through the warm waters of the equator. whales are localised, according to their kinds, in certain seas which they never leave. and if one of these creatures went from behring to davis straits, it must be simply because there is a passage from one sea to the other, either on the american or the asiatic side." "in that case, as i have never fished in these seas, i do not know the kind of whale frequenting them!" "i have told you, ned." "a greater reason for making their acquaintance," said conseil. "look! look!" exclaimed the canadian, "they approach: they aggravate me; they know that i cannot get at them!" ned stamped his feet. his hand trembled, as he grasped an imaginary harpoon. "are these cetaceans as large as those of the northern seas?" asked he. "very nearly, ned." "because i have seen large whales, sir, whales measuring a hundred feet. i have even been told that those of hullamoch and umgallick, of the aleutian islands, are sometimes a hundred and fifty feet long." "that seems to me exaggeration. these creatures are only balaeaopterons, provided with dorsal fins; and, like the cachalots, are generally much smaller than the greenland whale." "ah!" exclaimed the canadian, whose eyes had never left the ocean, "they are coming nearer; they are in the same water as the nautilus." then, returning to the conversation, he said: "you spoke of the cachalot as a small creature. i have heard of gigantic ones. they are intelligent cetacea. it is said of some that they cover themselves with seaweed and fucus, and then are taken for islands. people encamp upon them, and settle there; lights a fire----" "and build houses," said conseil. "yes, joker," said ned land. "and one fine day the creature plunges, carrying with it all the inhabitants to the bottom of the sea." "something like the travels of sinbad the sailor," i replied, laughing. "ah!" suddenly exclaimed ned land, "it is not one whale; there are ten--there are twenty--it is a whole troop! and i not able to do anything! hands and feet tied!" "but, friend ned," said conseil, "why do you not ask captain nemo's permission to chase them?" conseil had not finished his sentence when ned land had lowered himself through the panel to seek the captain. a few minutes afterwards the two appeared together on the platform. captain nemo watched the troop of cetacea playing on the waters about a mile from the nautilus. "they are southern whales," said he; "there goes the fortune of a whole fleet of whalers." "well, sir," asked the canadian, "can i not chase them, if only to remind me of my old trade of harpooner?" "and to what purpose?" replied captain nemo; "only to destroy! we have nothing to do with the whale-oil on board." "but, sir," continued the canadian, "in the red sea you allowed us to follow the dugong." "then it was to procure fresh meat for my crew. here it would be killing for killing's sake. i know that is a privilege reserved for man, but i do not approve of such murderous pastime. in destroying the southern whale (like the greenland whale, an inoffensive creature), your traders do a culpable action, master land. they have already depopulated the whole of baffin's bay, and are annihilating a class of useful animals. leave the unfortunate cetacea alone. they have plenty of natural enemies--cachalots, swordfish, and sawfish--without you troubling them." the captain was right. the barbarous and inconsiderate greed of these fishermen will one day cause the disappearance of the last whale in the ocean. ned land whistled "yankee-doodle" between his teeth, thrust his hands into his pockets, and turned his back upon us. but captain nemo watched the troop of cetacea, and, addressing me, said: "i was right in saying that whales had natural enemies enough, without counting man. these will have plenty to do before long. do you see, m. aronnax, about eight miles to leeward, those blackish moving points?" "yes, captain," i replied. "those are cachalots--terrible animals, which i have met in troops of two or three hundred. as to those, they are cruel, mischievous creatures; they would be right in exterminating them." the canadian turned quickly at the last words. "well, captain," said he, "it is still time, in the interest of the whales." "it is useless to expose one's self, professor. the nautilus will disperse them. it is armed with a steel spur as good as master land's harpoon, i imagine." the canadian did not put himself out enough to shrug his shoulders. attack cetacea with blows of a spur! who had ever heard of such a thing? "wait, m. aronnax," said captain nemo. "we will show you something you have never yet seen. we have no pity for these ferocious creatures. they are nothing but mouth and teeth." mouth and teeth! no one could better describe the macrocephalous cachalot, which is sometimes more than seventy-five feet long. its enormous head occupies one-third of its entire body. better armed than the whale, whose upper jaw is furnished only with whalebone, it is supplied with twenty-five large tusks, about eight inches long, cylindrical and conical at the top, each weighing two pounds. it is in the upper part of this enormous head, in great cavities divided by cartilages, that is to be found from six to eight hundred pounds of that precious oil called spermaceti. the cachalot is a disagreeable creature, more tadpole than fish, according to fredol's description. it is badly formed, the whole of its left side being (if we may say it), a "failure," and being only able to see with its right eye. but the formidable troop was nearing us. they had seen the whales and were preparing to attack them. one could judge beforehand that the cachalots would be victorious, not only because they were better built for attack than their inoffensive adversaries, but also because they could remain longer under water without coming to the surface. there was only just time to go to the help of the whales. the nautilus went under water. conseil, ned land, and i took our places before the window in the saloon, and captain nemo joined the pilot in his cage to work his apparatus as an engine of destruction. soon i felt the beatings of the screw quicken, and our speed increased. the battle between the cachalots and the whales had already begun when the nautilus arrived. they did not at first show any fear at the sight of this new monster joining in the conflict. but they soon had to guard against its blows. what a battle! the nautilus was nothing but a formidable harpoon, brandished by the hand of its captain. it hurled itself against the fleshy mass, passing through from one part to the other, leaving behind it two quivering halves of the animal. it could not feel the formidable blows from their tails upon its sides, nor the shock which it produced itself, much more. one cachalot killed, it ran at the next, tacked on the spot that it might not miss its prey, going forwards and backwards, answering to its helm, plunging when the cetacean dived into the deep waters, coming up with it when it returned to the surface, striking it front or sideways, cutting or tearing in all directions and at any pace, piercing it with its terrible spur. what carnage! what a noise on the surface of the waves! what sharp hissing, and what snorting peculiar to these enraged animals! in the midst of these waters, generally so peaceful, their tails made perfect billows. for one hour this wholesale massacre continued, from which the cachalots could not escape. several times ten or twelve united tried to crush the nautilus by their weight. from the window we could see their enormous mouths, studded with tusks, and their formidable eyes. ned land could not contain himself; he threatened and swore at them. we could feel them clinging to our vessel like dogs worrying a wild boar in a copse. but the nautilus, working its screw, carried them here and there, or to the upper levels of the ocean, without caring for their enormous weight, nor the powerful strain on the vessel. at length the mass of cachalots broke up, the waves became quiet, and i felt that we were rising to the surface. the panel opened, and we hurried on to the platform. the sea was covered with mutilated bodies. a formidable explosion could not have divided and torn this fleshy mass with more violence. we were floating amid gigantic bodies, bluish on the back and white underneath, covered with enormous protuberances. some terrified cachalots were flying towards the horizon. the waves were dyed red for several miles, and the nautilus floated in a sea of blood: captain nemo joined us. "well, master land?" said he. "well, sir," replied the canadian, whose enthusiasm had somewhat calmed; "it is a terrible spectacle, certainly. but i am not a butcher. i am a hunter, and i call this a butchery." "it is a massacre of mischievous creatures," replied the captain; "and the nautilus is not a butcher's knife." "i like my harpoon better," said the canadian. "every one to his own," answered the captain, looking fixedly at ned land. i feared he would commit some act of violence, which would end in sad consequences. but his anger was turned by the sight of a whale which the nautilus had just come up with. the creature had not quite escaped from the cachalot's teeth. i recognised the southern whale by its flat head, which is entirely black. anatomically, it is distinguished from the white whale and the north cape whale by the seven cervical vertebrae, and it has two more ribs than its congeners. the unfortunate cetacean was lying on its side, riddled with holes from the bites, and quite dead. from its mutilated fin still hung a young whale which it could not save from the massacre. its open mouth let the water flow in and out, murmuring like the waves breaking on the shore. captain nemo steered close to the corpse of the creature. two of his men mounted its side, and i saw, not without surprise, that they were drawing from its breasts all the milk which they contained, that is to say, about two or three tons. the captain offered me a cup of the milk, which was still warm. i could not help showing my repugnance to the drink; but he assured me that it was excellent, and not to be distinguished from cow's milk. i tasted it, and was of his opinion. it was a useful reserve to us, for in the shape of salt butter or cheese it would form an agreeable variety from our ordinary food. from that day i noticed with uneasiness that ned land's ill-will towards captain nemo increased, and i resolved to watch the canadian's gestures closely. chapter xiii the iceberg the nautilus was steadily pursuing its southerly course, following the fiftieth meridian with considerable speed. did he wish to reach the pole? i did not think so, for every attempt to reach that point had hitherto failed. again, the season was far advanced, for in the antarctic regions the th of march corresponds with the th of september of northern regions, which begin at the equinoctial season. on the th of march i saw floating ice in latitude °, merely pale bits of debris from twenty to twenty-five feet long, forming banks over which the sea curled. the nautilus remained on the surface of the ocean. ned land, who had fished in the arctic seas, was familiar with its icebergs; but conseil and i admired them for the first time. in the atmosphere towards the southern horizon stretched a white dazzling band. english whalers have given it the name of "ice blink." however thick the clouds may be, it is always visible, and announces the presence of an ice pack or bank. accordingly, larger blocks soon appeared, whose brilliancy changed with the caprices of the fog. some of these masses showed green veins, as if long undulating lines had been traced with sulphate of copper; others resembled enormous amethysts with the light shining through them. some reflected the light of day upon a thousand crystal facets. others shaded with vivid calcareous reflections resembled a perfect town of marble. the more we neared the south the more these floating islands increased both in number and importance. at ° lat. every pass had disappeared. but, seeking carefully, captain nemo soon found a narrow opening, through which he boldly slipped, knowing, however, that it would close behind him. thus, guided by this clever hand, the nautilus passed through all the ice with a precision which quite charmed conseil; icebergs or mountains, ice-fields or smooth plains, seeming to have no limits, drift-ice or floating ice-packs, plains broken up, called palchs when they are circular, and streams when they are made up of long strips. the temperature was very low; the thermometer exposed to the air marked deg. or ° below zero, but we were warmly clad with fur, at the expense of the sea-bear and seal. the interior of the nautilus, warmed regularly by its electric apparatus, defied the most intense cold. besides, it would only have been necessary to go some yards beneath the waves to find a more bearable temperature. two months earlier we should have had perpetual daylight in these latitudes; but already we had had three or four hours of night, and by and by there would be six months of darkness in these circumpolar regions. on the th of march we were in the latitude of new shetland and south orkney. the captain told me that formerly numerous tribes of seals inhabited them; but that english and american whalers, in their rage for destruction, massacred both old and young; thus, where there was once life and animation, they had left silence and death. about eight o'clock on the morning of the th of march the nautilus, following the fifty-fifth meridian, cut the antarctic polar circle. ice surrounded us on all sides, and closed the horizon. but captain nemo went from one opening to another, still going higher. i cannot express my astonishment at the beauties of these new regions. the ice took most surprising forms. here the grouping formed an oriental town, with innumerable mosques and minarets; there a fallen city thrown to the earth, as it were, by some convulsion of nature. the whole aspect was constantly changed by the oblique rays of the sun, or lost in the greyish fog amidst hurricanes of snow. detonations and falls were heard on all sides, great overthrows of icebergs, which altered the whole landscape like a diorama. often seeing no exit, i thought we were definitely prisoners; but, instinct guiding him at the slightest indication, captain nemo would discover a new pass. he was never mistaken when he saw the thin threads of bluish water trickling along the ice-fields; and i had no doubt that he had already ventured into the midst of these antarctic seas before. on the th of march, however, the ice-fields absolutely blocked our road. it was not the iceberg itself, as yet, but vast fields cemented by the cold. but this obstacle could not stop captain nemo: he hurled himself against it with frightful violence. the nautilus entered the brittle mass like a wedge, and split it with frightful crackings. it was the battering ram of the ancients hurled by infinite strength. the ice, thrown high in the air, fell like hail around us. by its own power of impulsion our apparatus made a canal for itself; some times carried away by its own impetus, it lodged on the ice-field, crushing it with its weight, and sometimes buried beneath it, dividing it by a simple pitching movement, producing large rents in it. violent gales assailed us at this time, accompanied by thick fogs, through which, from one end of the platform to the other, we could see nothing. the wind blew sharply from all parts of the compass, and the snow lay in such hard heaps that we had to break it with blows of a pickaxe. the temperature was always at deg. below zero; every outward part of the nautilus was covered with ice. a rigged vessel would have been entangled in the blocked up gorges. a vessel without sails, with electricity for its motive power, and wanting no coal, could alone brave such high latitudes. at length, on the th of march, after many useless assaults, the nautilus was positively blocked. it was no longer either streams, packs, or ice-fields, but an interminable and immovable barrier, formed by mountains soldered together. "an iceberg!" said the canadian to me. i knew that to ned land, as well as to all other navigators who had preceded us, this was an inevitable obstacle. the sun appearing for an instant at noon, captain nemo took an observation as near as possible, which gave our situation at ° ' long. and ° ' of s. lat. we had advanced one degree more in this antarctic region. of the liquid surface of the sea there was no longer a glimpse. under the spur of the nautilus lay stretched a vast plain, entangled with confused blocks. here and there sharp points and slender needles rising to a height of feet; further on a steep shore, hewn as it were with an axe and clothed with greyish tints; huge mirrors, reflecting a few rays of sunshine, half drowned in the fog. and over this desolate face of nature a stern silence reigned, scarcely broken by the flapping of the wings of petrels and puffins. everything was frozen--even the noise. the nautilus was then obliged to stop in its adventurous course amid these fields of ice. in spite of our efforts, in spite of the powerful means employed to break up the ice, the nautilus remained immovable. generally, when we can proceed no further, we have return still open to us; but here return was as impossible as advance, for every pass had closed behind us; and for the few moments when we were stationary, we were likely to be entirely blocked, which did indeed happen about two o'clock in the afternoon, the fresh ice forming around its sides with astonishing rapidity. i was obliged to admit that captain nemo was more than imprudent. i was on the platform at that moment. the captain had been observing our situation for some time past, when he said to me: "well, sir, what do you think of this?" "i think that we are caught, captain." "so, m. aronnax, you really think that the nautilus cannot disengage itself?" "with difficulty, captain; for the season is already too far advanced for you to reckon on the breaking of the ice." "ah! sir," said captain nemo, in an ironical tone, "you will always be the same. you see nothing but difficulties and obstacles. i affirm that not only can the nautilus disengage itself, but also that it can go further still." "further to the south?" i asked, looking at the captain. "yes, sir; it shall go to the pole." "to the pole!" i exclaimed, unable to repress a gesture of incredulity. "yes," replied the captain, coldly, "to the antarctic pole--to that unknown point from whence springs every meridian of the globe. you know whether i can do as i please with the nautilus!" yes, i knew that. i knew that this man was bold, even to rashness. but to conquer those obstacles which bristled round the south pole, rendering it more inaccessible than the north, which had not yet been reached by the boldest navigators--was it not a mad enterprise, one which only a maniac would have conceived? it then came into my head to ask captain nemo if he had ever discovered that pole which had never yet been trodden by a human creature? "no, sir," he replied; "but we will discover it together. where others have failed, i will not fail. i have never yet led my nautilus so far into southern seas; but, i repeat, it shall go further yet." "i can well believe you, captain," said i, in a slightly ironical tone. "i believe you! let us go ahead! there are no obstacles for us! let us smash this iceberg! let us blow it up; and, if it resists, let us give the nautilus wings to fly over it!" "over it, sir!" said captain nemo, quietly; "no, not over it, but under it!" "under it!" i exclaimed, a sudden idea of the captain's projects flashing upon my mind. i understood; the wonderful qualities of the nautilus were going to serve us in this superhuman enterprise. "i see we are beginning to understand one another, sir," said the captain, half smiling. "you begin to see the possibility--i should say the success--of this attempt. that which is impossible for an ordinary vessel is easy to the nautilus. if a continent lies before the pole, it must stop before the continent; but if, on the contrary, the pole is washed by open sea, it will go even to the pole." "certainly," said i, carried away by the captain's reasoning; "if the surface of the sea is solidified by the ice, the lower depths are free by the providential law which has placed the maximum of density of the waters of the ocean one degree higher than freezing-point; and, if i am not mistaken, the portion of this iceberg which is above the water is as one to four to that which is below." "very nearly, sir; for one foot of iceberg above the sea there are three below it. if these ice mountains are not more than feet above the surface, they are not more than beneath. and what are feet to the nautilus?" "nothing, sir." "it could even seek at greater depths that uniform temperature of sea-water, and there brave with impunity the thirty or forty degrees of surface cold." "just so, sir--just so," i replied, getting animated. "the only difficulty," continued captain nemo, "is that of remaining several days without renewing our provision of air." "is that all? the nautilus has vast reservoirs; we can fill them, and they will supply us with all the oxygen we want." "well thought of, m. aronnax," replied the captain, smiling. "but, not wishing you to accuse me of rashness, i will first give you all my objections." "have you any more to make?" "only one. it is possible, if the sea exists at the south pole, that it may be covered; and, consequently, we shall be unable to come to the surface." "good, sir! but do you forget that the nautilus is armed with a powerful spur, and could we not send it diagonally against these fields of ice, which would open at the shocks." "ah! sir, you are full of ideas to-day." "besides, captain," i added, enthusiastically, "why should we not find the sea open at the south pole as well as at the north? the frozen poles of the earth do not coincide, either in the southern or in the northern regions; and, until it is proved to the contrary, we may suppose either a continent or an ocean free from ice at these two points of the globe." "i think so too, m. aronnax," replied captain nemo. "i only wish you to observe that, after having made so many objections to my project, you are now crushing me with arguments in its favour!" the preparations for this audacious attempt now began. the powerful pumps of the nautilus were working air into the reservoirs and storing it at high pressure. about four o'clock, captain nemo announced the closing of the panels on the platform. i threw one last look at the massive iceberg which we were going to cross. the weather was clear, the atmosphere pure enough, the cold very great, being ° below zero; but, the wind having gone down, this temperature was not so unbearable. about ten men mounted the sides of the nautilus, armed with pickaxes to break the ice around the vessel, which was soon free. the operation was quickly performed, for the fresh ice was still very thin. we all went below. the usual reservoirs were filled with the newly-liberated water, and the nautilus soon descended. i had taken my place with conseil in the saloon; through the open window we could see the lower beds of the southern ocean. the thermometer went up, the needle of the compass deviated on the dial. at about feet, as captain nemo had foreseen, we were floating beneath the undulating bottom of the iceberg. but the nautilus went lower still--it went to the depth of four hundred fathoms. the temperature of the water at the surface showed twelve degrees, it was now only ten; we had gained two. i need not say the temperature of the nautilus was raised by its heating apparatus to a much higher degree; every manoeuvre was accomplished with wonderful precision. "we shall pass it, if you please, sir," said conseil. "i believe we shall," i said, in a tone of firm conviction. in this open sea, the nautilus had taken its course direct to the pole, without leaving the fifty-second meridian. from ° ' to deg., twenty-two degrees and a half of latitude remained to travel; that is, about five hundred leagues. the nautilus kept up a mean speed of twenty-six miles an hour--the speed of an express train. if that was kept up, in forty hours we should reach the pole. for a part of the night the novelty of the situation kept us at the window. the sea was lit with the electric lantern; but it was deserted; fishes did not sojourn in these imprisoned waters; they only found there a passage to take them from the antarctic ocean to the open polar sea. our pace was rapid; we could feel it by the quivering of the long steel body. about two in the morning i took some hours' repose, and conseil did the same. in crossing the waist i did not meet captain nemo: i supposed him to be in the pilot's cage. the next morning, the th of march, i took my post once more in the saloon. the electric log told me that the speed of the nautilus had been slackened. it was then going towards the surface; but prudently emptying its reservoirs very slowly. my heart beat fast. were we going to emerge and regain the open polar atmosphere? no! a shock told me that the nautilus had struck the bottom of the iceberg, still very thick, judging from the deadened sound. we had in deed "struck," to use a sea expression, but in an inverse sense, and at a thousand feet deep. this would give three thousand feet of ice above us; one thousand being above the water-mark. the iceberg was then higher than at its borders--not a very reassuring fact. several times that day the nautilus tried again, and every time it struck the wall which lay like a ceiling above it. sometimes it met with but yards, only of which rose above the surface. it was twice the height it was when the nautilus had gone under the waves. i carefully noted the different depths, and thus obtained a submarine profile of the chain as it was developed under the water. that night no change had taken place in our situation. still ice between four and five hundred yards in depth! it was evidently diminishing, but, still, what a thickness between us and the surface of the ocean! it was then eight. according to the daily custom on board the nautilus, its air should have been renewed four hours ago; but i did not suffer much, although captain nemo had not yet made any demand upon his reserve of oxygen. my sleep was painful that night; hope and fear besieged me by turns: i rose several times. the groping of the nautilus continued. about three in the morning, i noticed that the lower surface of the iceberg was only about fifty feet deep. one hundred and fifty feet now separated us from the surface of the waters. the iceberg was by degrees becoming an ice-field, the mountain a plain. my eyes never left the manometer. we were still rising diagonally to the surface, which sparkled under the electric rays. the iceberg was stretching both above and beneath into lengthening slopes; mile after mile it was getting thinner. at length, at six in the morning of that memorable day, the th of march, the door of the saloon opened, and captain nemo appeared. "the sea is open!!" was all he said. chapter xiv the south pole i rushed on to the platform. yes! the open sea, with but a few scattered pieces of ice and moving icebergs--a long stretch of sea; a world of birds in the air, and myriads of fishes under those waters, which varied from intense blue to olive green, according to the bottom. the thermometer marked ° c. above zero. it was comparatively spring, shut up as we were behind this iceberg, whose lengthened mass was dimly seen on our northern horizon. "are we at the pole?" i asked the captain, with a beating heart. "i do not know," he replied. "at noon i will take our bearings." "but will the sun show himself through this fog?" said i, looking at the leaden sky. "however little it shows, it will be enough," replied the captain. about ten miles south a solitary island rose to a height of one hundred and four yards. we made for it, but carefully, for the sea might be strewn with banks. one hour afterwards we had reached it, two hours later we had made the round of it. it measured four or five miles in circumference. a narrow canal separated it from a considerable stretch of land, perhaps a continent, for we could not see its limits. the existence of this land seemed to give some colour to maury's theory. the ingenious american has remarked that, between the south pole and the sixtieth parallel, the sea is covered with floating ice of enormous size, which is never met with in the north atlantic. from this fact he has drawn the conclusion that the antarctic circle encloses considerable continents, as icebergs cannot form in open sea, but only on the coasts. according to these calculations, the mass of ice surrounding the southern pole forms a vast cap, the circumference of which must be, at least, , miles. but the nautilus, for fear of running aground, had stopped about three cable-lengths from a strand over which reared a superb heap of rocks. the boat was launched; the captain, two of his men, bearing instruments, conseil, and myself were in it. it was ten in the morning. i had not seen ned land. doubtless the canadian did not wish to admit the presence of the south pole. a few strokes of the oar brought us to the sand, where we ran ashore. conseil was going to jump on to the land, when i held him back. "sir," said i to captain nemo, "to you belongs the honour of first setting foot on this land." "yes, sir," said the captain, "and if i do not hesitate to tread this south pole, it is because, up to this time, no human being has left a trace there." saying this, he jumped lightly on to the sand. his heart beat with emotion. he climbed a rock, sloping to a little promontory, and there, with his arms crossed, mute and motionless, and with an eager look, he seemed to take possession of these southern regions. after five minutes passed in this ecstasy, he turned to us. "when you like, sir." i landed, followed by conseil, leaving the two men in the boat. for a long way the soil was composed of a reddish sandy stone, something like crushed brick, scoriae, streams of lava, and pumice-stones. one could not mistake its volcanic origin. in some parts, slight curls of smoke emitted a sulphurous smell, proving that the internal fires had lost nothing of their expansive powers, though, having climbed a high acclivity, i could see no volcano for a radius of several miles. we know that in those antarctic countries, james ross found two craters, the erebus and terror, in full activity, on the th meridian, latitude ° '. the vegetation of this desolate continent seemed to me much restricted. some lichens lay upon the black rocks; some microscopic plants, rudimentary diatomas, a kind of cells placed between two quartz shells; long purple and scarlet weed, supported on little swimming bladders, which the breaking of the waves brought to the shore. these constituted the meagre flora of this region. the shore was strewn with molluscs, little mussels, and limpets. i also saw myriads of northern clios, one-and-a-quarter inches long, of which a whale would swallow a whole world at a mouthful; and some perfect sea-butterflies, animating the waters on the skirts of the shore. there appeared on the high bottoms some coral shrubs, of the kind which, according to james ross, live in the antarctic seas to the depth of more than , yards. then there were little kingfishers and starfish studding the soil. but where life abounded most was in the air. there thousands of birds fluttered and flew of all kinds, deafening us with their cries; others crowded the rock, looking at us as we passed by without fear, and pressing familiarly close by our feet. there were penguins, so agile in the water, heavy and awkward as they are on the ground; they were uttering harsh cries, a large assembly, sober in gesture, but extravagant in clamour. albatrosses passed in the air, the expanse of their wings being at least four yards and a half, and justly called the vultures of the ocean; some gigantic petrels, and some damiers, a kind of small duck, the underpart of whose body is black and white; then there were a whole series of petrels, some whitish, with brown-bordered wings, others blue, peculiar to the antarctic seas, and so oily, as i told conseil, that the inhabitants of the ferroe islands had nothing to do before lighting them but to put a wick in. "a little more," said conseil, "and they would be perfect lamps! after that, we cannot expect nature to have previously furnished them with wicks!" about half a mile farther on the soil was riddled with ruffs' nests, a sort of laying-ground, out of which many birds were issuing. captain nemo had some hundreds hunted. they uttered a cry like the braying of an ass, were about the size of a goose, slate-colour on the body, white beneath, with a yellow line round their throats; they allowed themselves to be killed with a stone, never trying to escape. but the fog did not lift, and at eleven the sun had not yet shown itself. its absence made me uneasy. without it no observations were possible. how, then, could we decide whether we had reached the pole? when i rejoined captain nemo, i found him leaning on a piece of rock, silently watching the sky. he seemed impatient and vexed. but what was to be done? this rash and powerful man could not command the sun as he did the sea. noon arrived without the orb of day showing itself for an instant. we could not even tell its position behind the curtain of fog; and soon the fog turned to snow. "till to-morrow," said the captain, quietly, and we returned to the nautilus amid these atmospheric disturbances. the tempest of snow continued till the next day. it was impossible to remain on the platform. from the saloon, where i was taking notes of incidents happening during this excursion to the polar continent, i could hear the cries of petrels and albatrosses sporting in the midst of this violent storm. the nautilus did not remain motionless, but skirted the coast, advancing ten miles more to the south in the half-light left by the sun as it skirted the edge of the horizon. the next day, the th of march, the snow had ceased. the cold was a little greater, the thermometer showing ° below zero. the fog was rising, and i hoped that that day our observations might be taken. captain nemo not having yet appeared, the boat took conseil and myself to land. the soil was still of the same volcanic nature; everywhere were traces of lava, scoriae, and basalt; but the crater which had vomited them i could not see. here, as lower down, this continent was alive with myriads of birds. but their rule was now divided with large troops of sea-mammals, looking at us with their soft eyes. there were several kinds of seals, some stretched on the earth, some on flakes of ice, many going in and out of the sea. they did not flee at our approach, never having had anything to do with man; and i reckoned that there were provisions there for hundreds of vessels. "sir," said conseil, "will you tell me the names of these creatures?" "they are seals and morses." it was now eight in the morning. four hours remained to us before the sun could be observed with advantage. i directed our steps towards a vast bay cut in the steep granite shore. there, i can aver that earth and ice were lost to sight by the numbers of sea-mammals covering them, and i involuntarily sought for old proteus, the mythological shepherd who watched these immense flocks of neptune. there were more seals than anything else, forming distinct groups, male and female, the father watching over his family, the mother suckling her little ones, some already strong enough to go a few steps. when they wished to change their place, they took little jumps, made by the contraction of their bodies, and helped awkwardly enough by their imperfect fin, which, as with the lamantin, their cousins, forms a perfect forearm. i should say that, in the water, which is their element--the spine of these creatures is flexible; with smooth and close skin and webbed feet--they swim admirably. in resting on the earth they take the most graceful attitudes. thus the ancients, observing their soft and expressive looks, which cannot be surpassed by the most beautiful look a woman can give, their clear voluptuous eyes, their charming positions, and the poetry of their manners, metamorphosed them, the male into a triton and the female into a mermaid. i made conseil notice the considerable development of the lobes of the brain in these interesting cetaceans. no mammal, except man, has such a quantity of brain matter; they are also capable of receiving a certain amount of education, are easily domesticated, and i think, with other naturalists, that if properly taught they would be of great service as fishing-dogs. the greater part of them slept on the rocks or on the sand. amongst these seals, properly so called, which have no external ears (in which they differ from the otter, whose ears are prominent), i noticed several varieties of seals about three yards long, with a white coat, bulldog heads, armed with teeth in both jaws, four incisors at the top and four at the bottom, and two large canine teeth in the shape of a fleur-de-lis. amongst them glided sea-elephants, a kind of seal, with short, flexible trunks. the giants of this species measured twenty feet round and ten yards and a half in length; but they did not move as we approached. "these creatures are not dangerous?" asked conseil. "no; not unless you attack them. when they have to defend their young their rage is terrible, and it is not uncommon for them to break the fishing-boats to pieces." "they are quite right," said conseil. "i do not say they are not." two miles farther on we were stopped by the promontory which shelters the bay from the southerly winds. beyond it we heard loud bellowings such as a troop of ruminants would produce. "good!" said conseil; "a concert of bulls!" "no; a concert of morses." "they are fighting!" "they are either fighting or playing." we now began to climb the blackish rocks, amid unforeseen stumbles, and over stones which the ice made slippery. more than once i rolled over at the expense of my loins. conseil, more prudent or more steady, did not stumble, and helped me up, saying: "if, sir, you would have the kindness to take wider steps, you would preserve your equilibrium better." arrived at the upper ridge of the promontory, i saw a vast white plain covered with morses. they were playing amongst themselves, and what we heard were bellowings of pleasure, not of anger. as i passed these curious animals i could examine them leisurely, for they did not move. their skins were thick and rugged, of a yellowish tint, approaching to red; their hair was short and scant. some of them were four yards and a quarter long. quieter and less timid than their cousins of the north, they did not, like them, place sentinels round the outskirts of their encampment. after examining this city of morses, i began to think of returning. it was eleven o'clock, and, if captain nemo found the conditions favourable for observations, i wished to be present at the operation. we followed a narrow pathway running along the summit of the steep shore. at half-past eleven we had reached the place where we landed. the boat had run aground, bringing the captain. i saw him standing on a block of basalt, his instruments near him, his eyes fixed on the northern horizon, near which the sun was then describing a lengthened curve. i took my place beside him, and waited without speaking. noon arrived, and, as before, the sun did not appear. it was a fatality. observations were still wanting. if not accomplished to-morrow, we must give up all idea of taking any. we were indeed exactly at the th of march. to-morrow, the st, would be the equinox; the sun would disappear behind the horizon for six months, and with its disappearance the long polar night would begin. since the september equinox it had emerged from the northern horizon, rising by lengthened spirals up to the st of december. at this period, the summer solstice of the northern regions, it had begun to descend; and to-morrow was to shed its last rays upon them. i communicated my fears and observations to captain nemo. "you are right, m. aronnax," said he; "if to-morrow i cannot take the altitude of the sun, i shall not be able to do it for six months. but precisely because chance has led me into these seas on the st of march, my bearings will be easy to take, if at twelve we can see the sun." "why, captain?" "because then the orb of day described such lengthened curves that it is difficult to measure exactly its height above the horizon, and grave errors may be made with instruments." "what will you do then?" "i shall only use my chronometer," replied captain nemo. "if to-morrow, the st of march, the disc of the sun, allowing for refraction, is exactly cut by the northern horizon, it will show that i am at the south pole." "just so," said i. "but this statement is not mathematically correct, because the equinox does not necessarily begin at noon." "very likely, sir; but the error will not be a hundred yards and we do not want more. till to-morrow, then!" captain nemo returned on board. conseil and i remained to survey the shore, observing and studying until five o'clock. then i went to bed, not, however, without invoking, like the indian, the favour of the radiant orb. the next day, the st of march, at five in the morning, i mounted the platform. i found captain nemo there. "the weather is lightening a little," said he. "i have some hope. after breakfast we will go on shore and choose a post for observation." that point settled, i sought ned land. i wanted to take him with me. but the obstinate canadian refused, and i saw that his taciturnity and his bad humour grew day by day. after all, i was not sorry for his obstinacy under the circumstances. indeed, there were too many seals on shore, and we ought not to lay such temptation in this unreflecting fisherman's way. breakfast over, we went on shore. the nautilus had gone some miles further up in the night. it was a whole league from the coast, above which reared a sharp peak about five hundred yards high. the boat took with me captain nemo, two men of the crew, and the instruments, which consisted of a chronometer, a telescope, and a barometer. while crossing, i saw numerous whales belonging to the three kinds peculiar to the southern seas; the whale, or the english "right whale," which has no dorsal fin; the "humpback," with reeved chest and large, whitish fins, which, in spite of its name, do not form wings; and the fin-back, of a yellowish brown, the liveliest of all the cetacea. this powerful creature is heard a long way off when he throws to a great height columns of air and vapour, which look like whirlwinds of smoke. these different mammals were disporting themselves in troops in the quiet waters; and i could see that this basin of the antarctic pole serves as a place of refuge to the cetacea too closely tracked by the hunters. i also noticed large medusae floating between the reeds. at nine we landed; the sky was brightening, the clouds were flying to the south, and the fog seemed to be leaving the cold surface of the waters. captain nemo went towards the peak, which he doubtless meant to be his observatory. it was a painful ascent over the sharp lava and the pumice-stones, in an atmosphere often impregnated with a sulphurous smell from the smoking cracks. for a man unaccustomed to walk on land, the captain climbed the steep slopes with an agility i never saw equalled and which a hunter would have envied. we were two hours getting to the summit of this peak, which was half porphyry and half basalt. from thence we looked upon a vast sea which, towards the north, distinctly traced its boundary line upon the sky. at our feet lay fields of dazzling whiteness. over our heads a pale azure, free from fog. to the north the disc of the sun seemed like a ball of fire, already horned by the cutting of the horizon. from the bosom of the water rose sheaves of liquid jets by hundreds. in the distance lay the nautilus like a cetacean asleep on the water. behind us, to the south and east, an immense country and a chaotic heap of rocks and ice, the limits of which were not visible. on arriving at the summit captain nemo carefully took the mean height of the barometer, for he would have to consider that in taking his observations. at a quarter to twelve the sun, then seen only by refraction, looked like a golden disc shedding its last rays upon this deserted continent and seas which never man had yet ploughed. captain nemo, furnished with a lenticular glass which, by means of a mirror, corrected the refraction, watched the orb sinking below the horizon by degrees, following a lengthened diagonal. i held the chronometer. my heart beat fast. if the disappearance of the half-disc of the sun coincided with twelve o'clock on the chronometer, we were at the pole itself. "twelve!" i exclaimed. "the south pole!" replied captain nemo, in a grave voice, handing me the glass, which showed the orb cut in exactly equal parts by the horizon. i looked at the last rays crowning the peak, and the shadows mounting by degrees up its slopes. at that moment captain nemo, resting with his hand on my shoulder, said: "i, captain nemo, on this st day of march, , have reached the south pole on the ninetieth degree; and i take possession of this part of the globe, equal to one-sixth of the known continents." "in whose name, captain?" "in my own, sir!" saying which, captain nemo unfurled a black banner, bearing an "n" in gold quartered on its bunting. then, turning towards the orb of day, whose last rays lapped the horizon of the sea, he exclaimed: "adieu, sun! disappear, thou radiant orb! rest beneath this open sea, and let a night of six months spread its shadows over my new domains!" chapter xv accident or incident? the next day, the nd of march, at six in the morning, preparations for departure were begun. the last gleams of twilight were melting into night. the cold was great, the constellations shone with wonderful intensity. in the zenith glittered that wondrous southern cross--the polar bear of antarctic regions. the thermometer showed below zero, and when the wind freshened it was most biting. flakes of ice increased on the open water. the sea seemed everywhere alike. numerous blackish patches spread on the surface, showing the formation of fresh ice. evidently the southern basin, frozen during the six winter months, was absolutely inaccessible. what became of the whales in that time? doubtless they went beneath the icebergs, seeking more practicable seas. as to the seals and morses, accustomed to live in a hard climate, they remained on these icy shores. these creatures have the instinct to break holes in the ice-field and to keep them open. to these holes they come for breath; when the birds, driven away by the cold, have emigrated to the north, these sea mammals remain sole masters of the polar continent. but the reservoirs were filling with water, and the nautilus was slowly descending. at , feet deep it stopped; its screw beat the waves, and it advanced straight towards the north at a speed of fifteen miles an hour. towards night it was already floating under the immense body of the iceberg. at three in the morning i was awakened by a violent shock. i sat up in my bed and listened in the darkness, when i was thrown into the middle of the room. the nautilus, after having struck, had rebounded violently. i groped along the partition, and by the staircase to the saloon, which was lit by the luminous ceiling. the furniture was upset. fortunately the windows were firmly set, and had held fast. the pictures on the starboard side, from being no longer vertical, were clinging to the paper, whilst those of the port side were hanging at least a foot from the wall. the nautilus was lying on its starboard side perfectly motionless. i heard footsteps, and a confusion of voices; but captain nemo did not appear. as i was leaving the saloon, ned land and conseil entered. "what is the matter?" said i, at once. "i came to ask you, sir," replied conseil. "confound it!" exclaimed the canadian, "i know well enough! the nautilus has struck; and, judging by the way she lies, i do not think she will right herself as she did the first time in torres straits." "but," i asked, "has she at least come to the surface of the sea?" "we do not know," said conseil. "it is easy to decide," i answered. i consulted the manometer. to my great surprise, it showed a depth of more than fathoms. "what does that mean?" i exclaimed. "we must ask captain nemo," said conseil. "but where shall we find him?" said ned land. "follow me," said i, to my companions. we left the saloon. there was no one in the library. at the centre staircase, by the berths of the ship's crew, there was no one. i thought that captain nemo must be in the pilot's cage. it was best to wait. we all returned to the saloon. for twenty minutes we remained thus, trying to hear the slightest noise which might be made on board the nautilus, when captain nemo entered. he seemed not to see us; his face, generally so impassive, showed signs of uneasiness. he watched the compass silently, then the manometer; and, going to the planisphere, placed his finger on a spot representing the southern seas. i would not interrupt him; but, some minutes later, when he turned towards me, i said, using one of his own expressions in the torres straits: "an incident, captain?" "no, sir; an accident this time." "serious?" "perhaps." "is the danger immediate?" "no." "the nautilus has stranded?" "yes." "and this has happened--how?" "from a caprice of nature, not from the ignorance of man. not a mistake has been made in the working. but we cannot prevent equilibrium from producing its effects. we may brave human laws, but we cannot resist natural ones." captain nemo had chosen a strange moment for uttering this philosophical reflection. on the whole, his answer helped me little. "may i ask, sir, the cause of this accident?" "an enormous block of ice, a whole mountain, has turned over," he replied. "when icebergs are undermined at their base by warmer water or reiterated shocks their centre of gravity rises, and the whole thing turns over. this is what has happened; one of these blocks, as it fell, struck the nautilus, then, gliding under its hull, raised it with irresistible force, bringing it into beds which are not so thick, where it is lying on its side." "but can we not get the nautilus off by emptying its reservoirs, that it might regain its equilibrium?" "that, sir, is being done at this moment. you can hear the pump working. look at the needle of the manometer; it shows that the nautilus is rising, but the block of ice is floating with it; and, until some obstacle stops its ascending motion, our position cannot be altered." indeed, the nautilus still held the same position to starboard; doubtless it would right itself when the block stopped. but at this moment who knows if we may not be frightfully crushed between the two glassy surfaces? i reflected on all the consequences of our position. captain nemo never took his eyes off the manometer. since the fall of the iceberg, the nautilus had risen about a hundred and fifty feet, but it still made the same angle with the perpendicular. suddenly a slight movement was felt in the hold. evidently it was righting a little. things hanging in the saloon were sensibly returning to their normal position. the partitions were nearing the upright. no one spoke. with beating hearts we watched and felt the straightening. the boards became horizontal under our feet. ten minutes passed. "at last we have righted!" i exclaimed. "yes," said captain nemo, going to the door of the saloon. "but are we floating?" i asked. "certainly," he replied; "since the reservoirs are not empty; and, when empty, the nautilus must rise to the surface of the sea." we were in open sea; but at a distance of about ten yards, on either side of the nautilus, rose a dazzling wall of ice. above and beneath the same wall. above, because the lower surface of the iceberg stretched over us like an immense ceiling. beneath, because the overturned block, having slid by degrees, had found a resting-place on the lateral walls, which kept it in that position. the nautilus was really imprisoned in a perfect tunnel of ice more than twenty yards in breadth, filled with quiet water. it was easy to get out of it by going either forward or backward, and then make a free passage under the iceberg, some hundreds of yards deeper. the luminous ceiling had been extinguished, but the saloon was still resplendent with intense light. it was the powerful reflection from the glass partition sent violently back to the sheets of the lantern. i cannot describe the effect of the voltaic rays upon the great blocks so capriciously cut; upon every angle, every ridge, every facet was thrown a different light, according to the nature of the veins running through the ice; a dazzling mine of gems, particularly of sapphires, their blue rays crossing with the green of the emerald. here and there were opal shades of wonderful softness, running through bright spots like diamonds of fire, the brilliancy of which the eye could not bear. the power of the lantern seemed increased a hundredfold, like a lamp through the lenticular plates of a first-class lighthouse. "how beautiful! how beautiful!" cried conseil. "yes," i said, "it is a wonderful sight. is it not, ned?" "yes, confound it! yes," answered ned land, "it is superb! i am mad at being obliged to admit it. no one has ever seen anything like it; but the sight may cost us dear. and, if i must say all, i think we are seeing here things which god never intended man to see." ned was right, it was too beautiful. suddenly a cry from conseil made me turn. "what is it?" i asked. "shut your eyes, sir! do not look, sir!" saying which, conseil clapped his hands over his eyes. "but what is the matter, my boy?" "i am dazzled, blinded." my eyes turned involuntarily towards the glass, but i could not stand the fire which seemed to devour them. i understood what had happened. the nautilus had put on full speed. all the quiet lustre of the ice-walls was at once changed into flashes of lightning. the fire from these myriads of diamonds was blinding. it required some time to calm our troubled looks. at last the hands were taken down. "faith, i should never have believed it," said conseil. it was then five in the morning; and at that moment a shock was felt at the bows of the nautilus. i knew that its spur had struck a block of ice. it must have been a false manoeuvre, for this submarine tunnel, obstructed by blocks, was not very easy navigation. i thought that captain nemo, by changing his course, would either turn these obstacles or else follow the windings of the tunnel. in any case, the road before us could not be entirely blocked. but, contrary to my expectations, the nautilus took a decided retrograde motion. "we are going backwards?" said conseil. "yes," i replied. "this end of the tunnel can have no egress." "and then?" "then," said i, "the working is easy. we must go back again, and go out at the southern opening. that is all." in speaking thus, i wished to appear more confident than i really was. but the retrograde motion of the nautilus was increasing; and, reversing the screw, it carried us at great speed. "it will be a hindrance," said ned. "what does it matter, some hours more or less, provided we get out at last?" "yes," repeated ned land, "provided we do get out at last!" for a short time i walked from the saloon to the library. my companions were silent. i soon threw myself on an ottoman, and took a book, which my eyes overran mechanically. a quarter of an hour after, conseil, approaching me, said, "is what you are reading very interesting, sir?" "very interesting!" i replied. "i should think so, sir. it is your own book you are reading." "my book?" and indeed i was holding in my hand the work on the great submarine depths. i did not even dream of it. i closed the book and returned to my walk. ned and conseil rose to go. "stay here, my friends," said i, detaining them. "let us remain together until we are out of this block." "as you please, sir," conseil replied. some hours passed. i often looked at the instruments hanging from the partition. the manometer showed that the nautilus kept at a constant depth of more than three hundred yards; the compass still pointed to south; the log indicated a speed of twenty miles an hour, which, in such a cramped space, was very great. but captain nemo knew that he could not hasten too much, and that minutes were worth ages to us. at twenty-five minutes past eight a second shock took place, this time from behind. i turned pale. my companions were close by my side. i seized conseil's hand. our looks expressed our feelings better than words. at this moment the captain entered the saloon. i went up to him. "our course is barred southward?" i asked. "yes, sir. the iceberg has shifted and closed every outlet." "we are blocked up then?" "yes." chapter xvi want of air thus around the nautilus, above and below, was an impenetrable wall of ice. we were prisoners to the iceberg. i watched the captain. his countenance had resumed its habitual imperturbability. "gentlemen," he said calmly, "there are two ways of dying in the circumstances in which we are placed." (this puzzling person had the air of a mathematical professor lecturing to his pupils.) "the first is to be crushed; the second is to die of suffocation. i do not speak of the possibility of dying of hunger, for the supply of provisions in the nautilus will certainly last longer than we shall. let us, then, calculate our chances." "as to suffocation, captain," i replied, "that is not to be feared, because our reservoirs are full." "just so; but they will only yield two days' supply of air. now, for thirty-six hours we have been hidden under the water, and already the heavy atmosphere of the nautilus requires renewal. in forty-eight hours our reserve will be exhausted." "well, captain, can we be delivered before forty-eight hours?" "we will attempt it, at least, by piercing the wall that surrounds us." "on which side?" "sound will tell us. i am going to run the nautilus aground on the lower bank, and my men will attack the iceberg on the side that is least thick." captain nemo went out. soon i discovered by a hissing noise that the water was entering the reservoirs. the nautilus sank slowly, and rested on the ice at a depth of yards, the depth at which the lower bank was immersed. "my friends," i said, "our situation is serious, but i rely on your courage and energy." "sir," replied the canadian, "i am ready to do anything for the general safety." "good! ned," and i held out my hand to the canadian. "i will add," he continued, "that, being as handy with the pickaxe as with the harpoon, if i can be useful to the captain, he can command my services." "he will not refuse your help. come, ned!" i led him to the room where the crew of the nautilus were putting on their cork-jackets. i told the captain of ned's proposal, which he accepted. the canadian put on his sea-costume, and was ready as soon as his companions. when ned was dressed, i re-entered the drawing-room, where the panes of glass were open, and, posted near conseil, i examined the ambient beds that supported the nautilus. some instants after, we saw a dozen of the crew set foot on the bank of ice, and among them ned land, easily known by his stature. captain nemo was with them. before proceeding to dig the walls, he took the soundings, to be sure of working in the right direction. long sounding lines were sunk in the side walls, but after fifteen yards they were again stopped by the thick wall. it was useless to attack it on the ceiling-like surface, since the iceberg itself measured more than yards in height. captain nemo then sounded the lower surface. there ten yards of wall separated us from the water, so great was the thickness of the ice-field. it was necessary, therefore, to cut from it a piece equal in extent to the waterline of the nautilus. there were about , cubic yards to detach, so as to dig a hole by which we could descend to the ice-field. the work had begun immediately and carried on with indefatigable energy. instead of digging round the nautilus which would have involved greater difficulty, captain nemo had an immense trench made at eight yards from the port-quarter. then the men set to work simultaneously with their screws on several points of its circumference. presently the pickaxe attacked this compact matter vigorously, and large blocks were detached from the mass. by a curious effect of specific gravity, these blocks, lighter than water, fled, so to speak, to the vault of the tunnel, that increased in thickness at the top in proportion as it diminished at the base. but that mattered little, so long as the lower part grew thinner. after two hours' hard work, ned land came in exhausted. he and his comrades were replaced by new workers, whom conseil and i joined. the second lieutenant of the nautilus superintended us. the water seemed singularly cold, but i soon got warm handling the pickaxe. my movements were free enough, although they were made under a pressure of thirty atmospheres. when i re-entered, after working two hours, to take some food and rest, i found a perceptible difference between the pure fluid with which the rouquayrol engine supplied me and the atmosphere of the nautilus, already charged with carbonic acid. the air had not been renewed for forty-eight hours, and its vivifying qualities were considerably enfeebled. however, after a lapse of twelve hours, we had only raised a block of ice one yard thick, on the marked surface, which was about cubic yards! reckoning that it took twelve hours to accomplish this much it would take five nights and four days to bring this enterprise to a satisfactory conclusion. five nights and four days! and we have only air enough for two days in the reservoirs! "without taking into account," said ned, "that, even if we get out of this infernal prison, we shall also be imprisoned under the iceberg, shut out from all possible communication with the atmosphere." true enough! who could then foresee the minimum of time necessary for our deliverance? we might be suffocated before the nautilus could regain the surface of the waves? was it destined to perish in this ice-tomb, with all those it enclosed? the situation was terrible. but everyone had looked the danger in the face, and each was determined to do his duty to the last. as i expected, during the night a new block a yard square was carried away, and still further sank the immense hollow. but in the morning when, dressed in my cork-jacket, i traversed the slushy mass at a temperature of six or seven degrees below zero, i remarked that the side walls were gradually closing in. the beds of water farthest from the trench, that were not warmed by the men's work, showed a tendency to solidification. in presence of this new and imminent danger, what would become of our chances of safety, and how hinder the solidification of this liquid medium, that would burst the partitions of the nautilus like glass? i did not tell my companions of this new danger. what was the good of damping the energy they displayed in the painful work of escape? but when i went on board again, i told captain nemo of this grave complication. "i know it," he said, in that calm tone which could counteract the most terrible apprehensions. "it is one danger more; but i see no way of escaping it; the only chance of safety is to go quicker than solidification. we must be beforehand with it, that is all." on this day for several hours i used my pickaxe vigorously. the work kept me up. besides, to work was to quit the nautilus, and breathe directly the pure air drawn from the reservoirs, and supplied by our apparatus, and to quit the impoverished and vitiated atmosphere. towards evening the trench was dug one yard deeper. when i returned on board, i was nearly suffocated by the carbonic acid with which the air was filled--ah! if we had only the chemical means to drive away this deleterious gas. we had plenty of oxygen; all this water contained a considerable quantity, and by dissolving it with our powerful piles, it would restore the vivifying fluid. i had thought well over it; but of what good was that, since the carbonic acid produced by our respiration had invaded every part of the vessel? to absorb it, it was necessary to fill some jars with caustic potash, and to shake them incessantly. now this substance was wanting on board, and nothing could replace it. on that evening, captain nemo ought to open the taps of his reservoirs, and let some pure air into the interior of the nautilus; without this precaution we could not get rid of the sense of suffocation. the next day, march th, i resumed my miner's work in beginning the fifth yard. the side walls and the lower surface of the iceberg thickened visibly. it was evident that they would meet before the nautilus was able to disengage itself. despair seized me for an instant; my pickaxe nearly fell from my hands. what was the good of digging if i must be suffocated, crushed by the water that was turning into stone?--a punishment that the ferocity of the savages even would not have invented! just then captain nemo passed near me. i touched his hand and showed him the walls of our prison. the wall to port had advanced to at least four yards from the hull of the nautilus. the captain understood me, and signed me to follow him. we went on board. i took off my cork-jacket and accompanied him into the drawing-room. "m. aronnax, we must attempt some desperate means, or we shall be sealed up in this solidified water as in cement." "yes; but what is to be done?" "ah! if my nautilus were strong enough to bear this pressure without being crushed!" "well?" i asked, not catching the captain's idea. "do you not understand," he replied, "that this congelation of water will help us? do you not see that by its solidification, it would burst through this field of ice that imprisons us, as, when it freezes, it bursts the hardest stones? do you not perceive that it would be an agent of safety instead of destruction?" "yes, captain, perhaps. but, whatever resistance to crushing the nautilus possesses, it could not support this terrible pressure, and would be flattened like an iron plate." "i know it, sir. therefore we must not reckon on the aid of nature, but on our own exertions. we must stop this solidification. not only will the side walls be pressed together; but there is not ten feet of water before or behind the nautilus. the congelation gains on us on all sides." "how long will the air in the reservoirs last for us to breathe on board?" the captain looked in my face. "after to-morrow they will be empty!" a cold sweat came over me. however, ought i to have been astonished at the answer? on march , the nautilus was in the open polar seas. we were at °. for five days we had lived on the reserve on board. and what was left of the respirable air must be kept for the workers. even now, as i write, my recollection is still so vivid that an involuntary terror seizes me and my lungs seem to be without air. meanwhile, captain nemo reflected silently, and evidently an idea had struck him; but he seemed to reject it. at last, these words escaped his lips: "boiling water!" he muttered. "boiling water?" i cried. "yes, sir. we are enclosed in a space that is relatively confined. would not jets of boiling water, constantly injected by the pumps, raise the temperature in this part and stay the congelation?" "let us try it," i said resolutely. "let us try it, professor." the thermometer then stood at ° outside. captain nemo took me to the galleys, where the vast distillatory machines stood that furnished the drinkable water by evaporation. they filled these with water, and all the electric heat from the piles was thrown through the worms bathed in the liquid. in a few minutes this water reached °. it was directed towards the pumps, while fresh water replaced it in proportion. the heat developed by the troughs was such that cold water, drawn up from the sea after only having gone through the machines, came boiling into the body of the pump. the injection was begun, and three hours after the thermometer marked ° below zero outside. one degree was gained. two hours later the thermometer only marked °. "we shall succeed," i said to the captain, after having anxiously watched the result of the operation. "i think," he answered, "that we shall not be crushed. we have no more suffocation to fear." during the night the temperature of the water rose to ° below zero. the injections could not carry it to a higher point. but, as the congelation of the sea-water produces at least °, i was at least reassured against the dangers of solidification. the next day, march th, six yards of ice had been cleared, twelve feet only remaining to be cleared away. there was yet forty-eight hours' work. the air could not be renewed in the interior of the nautilus. and this day would make it worse. an intolerable weight oppressed me. towards three o'clock in the evening this feeling rose to a violent degree. yawns dislocated my jaws. my lungs panted as they inhaled this burning fluid, which became rarefied more and more. a moral torpor took hold of me. i was powerless, almost unconscious. my brave conseil, though exhibiting the same symptoms and suffering in the same manner, never left me. he took my hand and encouraged me, and i heard him murmur, "oh! if i could only not breathe, so as to leave more air for my master!" tears came into my eyes on hearing him speak thus. if our situation to all was intolerable in the interior, with what haste and gladness would we put on our cork-jackets to work in our turn! pickaxes sounded on the frozen ice-beds. our arms ached, the skin was torn off our hands. but what were these fatigues, what did the wounds matter? vital air came to the lungs! we breathed! we breathed! all this time no one prolonged his voluntary task beyond the prescribed time. his task accomplished, each one handed in turn to his panting companions the apparatus that supplied him with life. captain nemo set the example, and submitted first to this severe discipline. when the time came, he gave up his apparatus to another and returned to the vitiated air on board, calm, unflinching, unmurmuring. on that day the ordinary work was accomplished with unusual vigour. only two yards remained to be raised from the surface. two yards only separated us from the open sea. but the reservoirs were nearly emptied of air. the little that remained ought to be kept for the workers; not a particle for the nautilus. when i went back on board, i was half suffocated. what a night! i know not how to describe it. the next day my breathing was oppressed. dizziness accompanied the pain in my head and made me like a drunken man. my companions showed the same symptoms. some of the crew had rattling in the throat. on that day, the sixth of our imprisonment, captain nemo, finding the pickaxes work too slowly, resolved to crush the ice-bed that still separated us from the liquid sheet. this man's coolness and energy never forsook him. he subdued his physical pains by moral force. by his orders the vessel was lightened, that is to say, raised from the ice-bed by a change of specific gravity. when it floated they towed it so as to bring it above the immense trench made on the level of the water-line. then, filling his reservoirs of water, he descended and shut himself up in the hole. just then all the crew came on board, and the double door of communication was shut. the nautilus then rested on the bed of ice, which was not one yard thick, and which the sounding leads had perforated in a thousand places. the taps of the reservoirs were then opened, and a hundred cubic yards of water was let in, increasing the weight of the nautilus to , tons. we waited, we listened, forgetting our sufferings in hope. our safety depended on this last chance. notwithstanding the buzzing in my head, i soon heard the humming sound under the hull of the nautilus. the ice cracked with a singular noise, like tearing paper, and the nautilus sank. "we are off!" murmured conseil in my ear. i could not answer him. i seized his hand, and pressed it convulsively. all at once, carried away by its frightful overcharge, the nautilus sank like a bullet under the waters, that is to say, it fell as if it was in a vacuum. then all the electric force was put on the pumps, that soon began to let the water out of the reservoirs. after some minutes, our fall was stopped. soon, too, the manometer indicated an ascending movement. the screw, going at full speed, made the iron hull tremble to its very bolts and drew us towards the north. but if this floating under the iceberg is to last another day before we reach the open sea, i shall be dead first. half stretched upon a divan in the library, i was suffocating. my face was purple, my lips blue, my faculties suspended. i neither saw nor heard. all notion of time had gone from my mind. my muscles could not contract. i do not know how many hours passed thus, but i was conscious of the agony that was coming over me. i felt as if i was going to die. suddenly i came to. some breaths of air penetrated my lungs. had we risen to the surface of the waves? were we free of the iceberg? no! ned and conseil, my two brave friends, were sacrificing themselves to save me. some particles of air still remained at the bottom of one apparatus. instead of using it, they had kept it for me, and, while they were being suffocated, they gave me life, drop by drop. i wanted to push back the thing; they held my hands, and for some moments i breathed freely. i looked at the clock; it was eleven in the morning. it ought to be the th of march. the nautilus went at a frightful pace, forty miles an hour. it literally tore through the water. where was captain nemo? had he succumbed? were his companions dead with him? at the moment the manometer indicated that we were not more than twenty feet from the surface. a mere plate of ice separated us from the atmosphere. could we not break it? perhaps. in any case the nautilus was going to attempt it. i felt that it was in an oblique position, lowering the stern, and raising the bows. the introduction of water had been the means of disturbing its equilibrium. then, impelled by its powerful screw, it attacked the ice-field from beneath like a formidable battering-ram. it broke it by backing and then rushing forward against the field, which gradually gave way; and at last, dashing suddenly against it, shot forwards on the ice-field, that crushed beneath its weight. the panel was opened--one might say torn off--and the pure air came in in abundance to all parts of the nautilus. chapter xvii from cape horn to the amazon how i got on to the platform, i have no idea; perhaps the canadian had carried me there. but i breathed, i inhaled the vivifying sea-air. my two companions were getting drunk with the fresh particles. the other unhappy men had been so long without food, that they could not with impunity indulge in the simplest aliments that were given them. we, on the contrary, had no end to restrain ourselves; we could draw this air freely into our lungs, and it was the breeze, the breeze alone, that filled us with this keen enjoyment. "ah!" said conseil, "how delightful this oxygen is! master need not fear to breathe it. there is enough for everybody." ned land did not speak, but he opened his jaws wide enough to frighten a shark. our strength soon returned, and, when i looked round me, i saw we were alone on the platform. the foreign seamen in the nautilus were contented with the air that circulated in the interior; none of them had come to drink in the open air. the first words i spoke were words of gratitude and thankfulness to my two companions. ned and conseil had prolonged my life during the last hours of this long agony. all my gratitude could not repay such devotion. "my friends," said i, "we are bound one to the other for ever, and i am under infinite obligations to you." "which i shall take advantage of," exclaimed the canadian. "what do you mean?" said conseil. "i mean that i shall take you with me when i leave this infernal nautilus." "well," said conseil, "after all this, are we going right?" "yes," i replied, "for we are going the way of the sun, and here the sun is in the north." "no doubt," said ned land; "but it remains to be seen whether he will bring the ship into the pacific or the atlantic ocean, that is, into frequented or deserted seas." i could not answer that question, and i feared that captain nemo would rather take us to the vast ocean that touches the coasts of asia and america at the same time. he would thus complete the tour round the submarine world, and return to those waters in which the nautilus could sail freely. we ought, before long, to settle this important point. the nautilus went at a rapid pace. the polar circle was soon passed, and the course shaped for cape horn. we were off the american point, march st, at seven o'clock in the evening. then all our past sufferings were forgotten. the remembrance of that imprisonment in the ice was effaced from our minds. we only thought of the future. captain nemo did not appear again either in the drawing-room or on the platform. the point shown each day on the planisphere, and, marked by the lieutenant, showed me the exact direction of the nautilus. now, on that evening, it was evident, to, my great satisfaction, that we were going back to the north by the atlantic. the next day, april st, when the nautilus ascended to the surface some minutes before noon, we sighted land to the west. it was terra del fuego, which the first navigators named thus from seeing the quantity of smoke that rose from the natives' huts. the coast seemed low to me, but in the distance rose high mountains. i even thought i had a glimpse of mount sarmiento, that rises , yards above the level of the sea, with a very pointed summit, which, according as it is misty or clear, is a sign of fine or of wet weather. at this moment the peak was clearly defined against the sky. the nautilus, diving again under the water, approached the coast, which was only some few miles off. from the glass windows in the drawing-room, i saw long seaweeds and gigantic fuci and varech, of which the open polar sea contains so many specimens, with their sharp polished filaments; they measured about yards in length--real cables, thicker than one's thumb; and, having great tenacity, they are often used as ropes for vessels. another weed known as velp, with leaves four feet long, buried in the coral concretions, hung at the bottom. it served as nest and food for myriads of crustacea and molluscs, crabs, and cuttlefish. there seals and otters had splendid repasts, eating the flesh of fish with sea-vegetables, according to the english fashion. over this fertile and luxuriant ground the nautilus passed with great rapidity. towards evening it approached the falkland group, the rough summits of which i recognised the following day. the depth of the sea was moderate. on the shores our nets brought in beautiful specimens of sea weed, and particularly a certain fucus, the roots of which were filled with the best mussels in the world. geese and ducks fell by dozens on the platform, and soon took their places in the pantry on board. when the last heights of the falklands had disappeared from the horizon, the nautilus sank to between twenty and twenty-five yards, and followed the american coast. captain nemo did not show himself. until the rd of april we did not quit the shores of patagonia, sometimes under the ocean, sometimes at the surface. the nautilus passed beyond the large estuary formed by the uraguay. its direction was northwards, and followed the long windings of the coast of south america. we had then made , miles since our embarkation in the seas of japan. about eleven o'clock in the morning the tropic of capricorn was crossed on the thirty-seventh meridian, and we passed cape frio standing out to sea. captain nemo, to ned land's great displeasure, did not like the neighbourhood of the inhabited coasts of brazil, for we went at a giddy speed. not a fish, not a bird of the swiftest kind could follow us, and the natural curiosities of these seas escaped all observation. this speed was kept up for several days, and in the evening of the th of april we sighted the most westerly point of south america that forms cape san roque. but then the nautilus swerved again, and sought the lowest depth of a submarine valley which is between this cape and sierra leone on the african coast. this valley bifurcates to the parallel of the antilles, and terminates at the mouth by the enormous depression of , yards. in this place, the geological basin of the ocean forms, as far as the lesser antilles, a cliff to three and a half miles perpendicular in height, and, at the parallel of the cape verde islands, an other wall not less considerable, that encloses thus all the sunk continent of the atlantic. the bottom of this immense valley is dotted with some mountains, that give to these submarine places a picturesque aspect. i speak, moreover, from the manuscript charts that were in the library of the nautilus--charts evidently due to captain nemo's hand, and made after his personal observations. for two days the desert and deep waters were visited by means of the inclined planes. the nautilus was furnished with long diagonal broadsides which carried it to all elevations. but on the th of april it rose suddenly, and land appeared at the mouth of the amazon river, a vast estuary, the embouchure of which is so considerable that it freshens the sea-water for the distance of several leagues. the equator was crossed. twenty miles to the west were the guianas, a french territory, on which we could have found an easy refuge; but a stiff breeze was blowing, and the furious waves would not have allowed a single boat to face them. ned land understood that, no doubt, for he spoke not a word about it. for my part, i made no allusion to his schemes of flight, for i would not urge him to make an attempt that must inevitably fail. i made the time pass pleasantly by interesting studies. during the days of april th and th, the nautilus did not leave the surface of the sea, and the net brought in a marvellous haul of zoophytes, fish and reptiles. some zoophytes had been fished up by the chain of the nets; they were for the most part beautiful phyctallines, belonging to the actinidian family, and among other species the phyctalis protexta, peculiar to that part of the ocean, with a little cylindrical trunk, ornamented with vertical lines, speckled with red dots, crowning a marvellous blossoming of tentacles. as to the molluscs, they consisted of some i had already observed--turritellas, olive porphyras, with regular lines intercrossed, with red spots standing out plainly against the flesh; odd pteroceras, like petrified scorpions; translucid hyaleas, argonauts, cuttle-fish (excellent eating), and certain species of calmars that naturalists of antiquity have classed amongst the flying-fish, and that serve principally for bait for cod-fishing. i had now an opportunity of studying several species of fish on these shores. amongst the cartilaginous ones, petromyzons-pricka, a sort of eel, fifteen inches long, with a greenish head, violet fins, grey-blue back, brown belly, silvered and sown with bright spots, the pupil of the eye encircled with gold--a curious animal, that the current of the amazon had drawn to the sea, for they inhabit fresh waters--tuberculated streaks, with pointed snouts, and a long loose tail, armed with a long jagged sting; little sharks, a yard long, grey and whitish skin, and several rows of teeth, bent back, that are generally known by the name of pantouffles; vespertilios, a kind of red isosceles triangle, half a yard long, to which pectorals are attached by fleshy prolongations that make them look like bats, but that their horny appendage, situated near the nostrils, has given them the name of sea-unicorns; lastly, some species of balistae, the curassavian, whose spots were of a brilliant gold colour, and the capriscus of clear violet, and with varying shades like a pigeon's throat. i end here this catalogue, which is somewhat dry perhaps, but very exact, with a series of bony fish that i observed in passing belonging to the apteronotes, and whose snout is white as snow, the body of a beautiful black, marked with a very long loose fleshy strip; odontognathes, armed with spikes; sardines nine inches long, glittering with a bright silver light; a species of mackerel provided with two anal fins; centronotes of a blackish tint, that are fished for with torches, long fish, two yards in length, with fat flesh, white and firm, which, when they arc fresh, taste like eel, and when dry, like smoked salmon; labres, half red, covered with scales only at the bottom of the dorsal and anal fins; chrysoptera, on which gold and silver blend their brightness with that of the ruby and topaz; golden-tailed spares, the flesh of which is extremely delicate, and whose phosphorescent properties betray them in the midst of the waters; orange-coloured spares with long tongues; maigres, with gold caudal fins, dark thorn-tails, anableps of surinam, etc. notwithstanding this "et cetera," i must not omit to mention fish that conseil will long remember, and with good reason. one of our nets had hauled up a sort of very flat ray fish, which, with the tail cut off, formed a perfect disc, and weighed twenty ounces. it was white underneath, red above, with large round spots of dark blue encircled with black, very glossy skin, terminating in a bilobed fin. laid out on the platform, it struggled, tried to turn itself by convulsive movements, and made so many efforts, that one last turn had nearly sent it into the sea. but conseil, not wishing to let the fish go, rushed to it, and, before i could prevent him, had seized it with both hands. in a moment he was overthrown, his legs in the air, and half his body paralysed, crying-- "oh! master, master! help me!" it was the first time the poor boy had spoken to me so familiarly. the canadian and i took him up, and rubbed his contracted arms till he became sensible. the unfortunate conseil had attacked a cramp-fish of the most dangerous kind, the cumana. this odd animal, in a medium conductor like water, strikes fish at several yards' distance, so great is the power of its electric organ, the two principal surfaces of which do not measure less than twenty-seven square feet. the next day, april th, the nautilus approached the dutch coast, near the mouth of the maroni. there several groups of sea-cows herded together; they were manatees, that, like the dugong and the stellera, belong to the skenian order. these beautiful animals, peaceable and inoffensive, from eighteen to twenty-one feet in length, weigh at least sixteen hundredweight. i told ned land and conseil that provident nature had assigned an important role to these mammalia. indeed, they, like the seals, are designed to graze on the submarine prairies, and thus destroy the accumulation of weed that obstructs the tropical rivers. "and do you know," i added, "what has been the result since men have almost entirely annihilated this useful race? that the putrefied weeds have poisoned the air, and the poisoned air causes the yellow fever, that desolates these beautiful countries. enormous vegetations are multiplied under the torrid seas, and the evil is irresistibly developed from the mouth of the rio de la plata to florida. if we are to believe toussenel, this plague is nothing to what it would be if the seas were cleaned of whales and seals. then, infested with poulps, medusae, and cuttle-fish, they would become immense centres of infection, since their waves would not possess 'these vast stomachs that god had charged to infest the surface of the seas.'" chapter xviii the poulps for several days the nautilus kept off from the american coast. evidently it did not wish to risk the tides of the gulf of mexico or of the sea of the antilles. april th, we sighted martinique and guadaloupe from a distance of about thirty miles. i saw their tall peaks for an instant. the canadian, who counted on carrying out his projects in the gulf, by either landing or hailing one of the numerous boats that coast from one island to another, was quite disheartened. flight would have been quite practicable, if ned land had been able to take possession of the boat without the captain's knowledge. but in the open sea it could not be thought of. the canadian, conseil, and i had a long conversation on this subject. for six months we had been prisoners on board the nautilus. we had travelled , leagues; and, as ned land said, there was no reason why it should come to an end. we could hope nothing from the captain of the nautilus, but only from ourselves. besides, for some time past he had become graver, more retired, less sociable. he seemed to shun me. i met him rarely. formerly he was pleased to explain the submarine marvels to me; now he left me to my studies, and came no more to the saloon. what change had come over him? for what cause? for my part, i did not wish to bury with me my curious and novel studies. i had now the power to write the true book of the sea; and this book, sooner or later, i wished to see daylight. the land nearest us was the archipelago of the bahamas. there rose high submarine cliffs covered with large weeds. it was about eleven o'clock when ned land drew my attention to a formidable pricking, like the sting of an ant, which was produced by means of large seaweeds. "well," i said, "these are proper caverns for poulps, and i should not be astonished to see some of these monsters." "what!" said conseil; "cuttlefish, real cuttlefish of the cephalopod class?" "no," i said, "poulps of huge dimensions." "i will never believe that such animals exist," said ned. "well," said conseil, with the most serious air in the world, "i remember perfectly to have seen a large vessel drawn under the waves by an octopus's arm." "you saw that?" said the canadian. "yes, ned." "with your own eyes?" "with my own eyes." "where, pray, might that be?" "at st. malo," answered conseil. "in the port?" said ned, ironically. "no; in a church," replied conseil. "in a church!" cried the canadian. "yes; friend ned. in a picture representing the poulp in question." "good!" said ned land, bursting out laughing. "he is quite right," i said. "i have heard of this picture; but the subject represented is taken from a legend, and you know what to think of legends in the matter of natural history. besides, when it is a question of monsters, the imagination is apt to run wild. not only is it supposed that these poulps can draw down vessels, but a certain olaus magnus speaks of an octopus a mile long that is more like an island than an animal. it is also said that the bishop of nidros was building an altar on an immense rock. mass finished, the rock began to walk, and returned to the sea. the rock was a poulp. another bishop, pontoppidan, speaks also of a poulp on which a regiment of cavalry could manoeuvre. lastly, the ancient naturalists speak of monsters whose mouths were like gulfs, and which were too large to pass through the straits of gibraltar." "but how much is true of these stories?" asked conseil. "nothing, my friends; at least of that which passes the limit of truth to get to fable or legend. nevertheless, there must be some ground for the imagination of the story-tellers. one cannot deny that poulps and cuttlefish exist of a large species, inferior, however, to the cetaceans. aristotle has stated the dimensions of a cuttlefish as five cubits, or nine feet two inches. our fishermen frequently see some that are more than four feet long. some skeletons of poulps are preserved in the museums of trieste and montpelier, that measure two yards in length. besides, according to the calculations of some naturalists, one of these animals only six feet long would have tentacles twenty-seven feet long. that would suffice to make a formidable monster." "do they fish for them in these days?" asked ned. "if they do not fish for them, sailors see them at least. one of my friends, captain paul bos of havre, has often affirmed that he met one of these monsters of colossal dimensions in the indian seas. but the most astonishing fact, and which does not permit of the denial of the existence of these gigantic animals, happened some years ago, in ." "what is the fact?" asked ned land. "this is it. in , to the north-east of teneriffe, very nearly in the same latitude we are in now, the crew of the despatch-boat alector perceived a monstrous cuttlefish swimming in the waters. captain bouguer went near to the animal, and attacked it with harpoon and guns, without much success, for balls and harpoons glided over the soft flesh. after several fruitless attempts the crew tried to pass a slip-knot round the body of the mollusc. the noose slipped as far as the tail fins and there stopped. they tried then to haul it on board, but its weight was so considerable that the tightness of the cord separated the tail from the body, and, deprived of this ornament, he disappeared under the water." "indeed! is that a fact?" "an indisputable fact, my good ned. they proposed to name this poulp `bouguer's cuttlefish.'" "what length was it?" asked the canadian. "did it not measure about six yards?" said conseil, who, posted at the window, was examining again the irregular windings of the cliff. "precisely," i replied. "its head," rejoined conseil, "was it not crowned with eight tentacles, that beat the water like a nest of serpents?" "precisely." "had not its eyes, placed at the back of its head, considerable development?" "yes, conseil." "and was not its mouth like a parrot's beak?" "exactly, conseil." "very well! no offence to master," he replied, quietly; "if this is not bouguer's cuttlefish, it is, at least, one of its brothers." i looked at conseil. ned land hurried to the window. "what a horrible beast!" he cried. i looked in my turn, and could not repress a gesture of disgust. before my eyes was a horrible monster worthy to figure in the legends of the marvellous. it was an immense cuttlefish, being eight yards long. it swam crossways in the direction of the nautilus with great speed, watching us with its enormous staring green eyes. its eight arms, or rather feet, fixed to its head, that have given the name of cephalopod to these animals, were twice as long as its body, and were twisted like the furies' hair. one could see the air holes on the inner side of the tentacles. the monster's mouth, a horned beak like a parrot's, opened and shut vertically. its tongue, a horned substance, furnished with several rows of pointed teeth, came out quivering from this veritable pair of shears. what a freak of nature, a bird's beak on a mollusc! its spindle-like body formed a fleshy mass that might weigh , to , lb.; the, varying colour changing with great rapidity, according to the irritation of the animal, passed successively from livid grey to reddish brown. what irritated this mollusc? no doubt the presence of the nautilus, more formidable than itself, and on which its suckers or its jaws had no hold. yet, what monsters these poulps are! what vitality the creator has given them! what vigour in their movements! and they possess three hearts! chance had brought us in presence of this cuttlefish, and i did not wish to lose the opportunity of carefully studying this specimen of cephalopods. i overcame the horror that inspired me, and, taking a pencil, began to draw it. "perhaps this is the same which the alector saw," said conseil. "no," replied the canadian; "for this is whole, and the other had lost its tail." "that is no reason," i replied. "the arms and tails of these animals are re-formed by renewal; and in seven years the tail of bouguer's cuttlefish has no doubt had time to grow." by this time other poulps appeared at the port light. i counted seven. they formed a procession after the nautilus, and i heard their beaks gnashing against the iron hull. i continued my work. these monsters kept in the water with such precision that they seemed immovable. suddenly the nautilus stopped. a shock made it tremble in every plate. "have we struck anything?" i asked. "in any case," replied the canadian, "we shall be free, for we are floating." the nautilus was floating, no doubt, but it did not move. a minute passed. captain nemo, followed by his lieutenant, entered the drawing-room. i had not seen him for some time. he seemed dull. without noticing or speaking to us, he went to the panel, looked at the poulps, and said something to his lieutenant. the latter went out. soon the panels were shut. the ceiling was lighted. i went towards the captain. "a curious collection of poulps?" i said. "yes, indeed, mr. naturalist," he replied; "and we are going to fight them, man to beast." i looked at him. i thought i had not heard aright. "man to beast?" i repeated. "yes, sir. the screw is stopped. i think that the horny jaws of one of the cuttlefish is entangled in the blades. that is what prevents our moving." "what are you going to do?" "rise to the surface, and slaughter this vermin." "a difficult enterprise." "yes, indeed. the electric bullets are powerless against the soft flesh, where they do not find resistance enough to go off. but we shall attack them with the hatchet." "and the harpoon, sir," said the canadian, "if you do not refuse my help." "i will accept it, master land." "we will follow you," i said, and, following captain nemo, we went towards the central staircase. there, about ten men with boarding-hatchets were ready for the attack. conseil and i took two hatchets; ned land seized a harpoon. the nautilus had then risen to the surface. one of the sailors, posted on the top ladderstep, unscrewed the bolts of the panels. but hardly were the screws loosed, when the panel rose with great violence, evidently drawn by the suckers of a poulp's arm. immediately one of these arms slid like a serpent down the opening and twenty others were above. with one blow of the axe, captain nemo cut this formidable tentacle, that slid wriggling down the ladder. just as we were pressing one on the other to reach the platform, two other arms, lashing the air, came down on the seaman placed before captain nemo, and lifted him up with irresistible power. captain nemo uttered a cry, and rushed out. we hurried after him. what a scene! the unhappy man, seized by the tentacle and fixed to the suckers, was balanced in the air at the caprice of this enormous trunk. he rattled in his throat, he was stifled, he cried, "help! help!" these words, spoken in french, startled me! i had a fellow-countryman on board, perhaps several! that heart-rending cry! i shall hear it all my life. the unfortunate man was lost. who could rescue him from that powerful pressure? however, captain nemo had rushed to the poulp, and with one blow of the axe had cut through one arm. his lieutenant struggled furiously against other monsters that crept on the flanks of the nautilus. the crew fought with their axes. the canadian, conseil, and i buried our weapons in the fleshy masses; a strong smell of musk penetrated the atmosphere. it was horrible! for one instant, i thought the unhappy man, entangled with the poulp, would be torn from its powerful suction. seven of the eight arms had been cut off. one only wriggled in the air, brandishing the victim like a feather. but just as captain nemo and his lieutenant threw themselves on it, the animal ejected a stream of black liquid. we were blinded with it. when the cloud dispersed, the cuttlefish had disappeared, and my unfortunate countryman with it. ten or twelve poulps now invaded the platform and sides of the nautilus. we rolled pell-mell into the midst of this nest of serpents, that wriggled on the platform in the waves of blood and ink. it seemed as though these slimy tentacles sprang up like the hydra's heads. ned land's harpoon, at each stroke, was plunged into the staring eyes of the cuttle fish. but my bold companion was suddenly overturned by the tentacles of a monster he had not been able to avoid. ah! how my heart beat with emotion and horror! the formidable beak of a cuttlefish was open over ned land. the unhappy man would be cut in two. i rushed to his succour. but captain nemo was before me; his axe disappeared between the two enormous jaws, and, miraculously saved, the canadian, rising, plunged his harpoon deep into the triple heart of the poulp. "i owed myself this revenge!" said the captain to the canadian. ned bowed without replying. the combat had lasted a quarter of an hour. the monsters, vanquished and mutilated, left us at last, and disappeared under the waves. captain nemo, covered with blood, nearly exhausted, gazed upon the sea that had swallowed up one of his companions, and great tears gathered in his eyes. chapter xix the gulf stream this terrible scene of the th of april none of us can ever forget. i have written it under the influence of violent emotion. since then i have revised the recital; i have read it to conseil and to the canadian. they found it exact as to facts, but insufficient as to effect. to paint such pictures, one must have the pen of the most illustrious of our poets, the author of the toilers of the deep. i have said that captain nemo wept while watching the waves; his grief was great. it was the second companion he had lost since our arrival on board, and what a death! that friend, crushed, stifled, bruised by the dreadful arms of a poulp, pounded by his iron jaws, would not rest with his comrades in the peaceful coral cemetery! in the midst of the struggle, it was the despairing cry uttered by the unfortunate man that had torn my heart. the poor frenchman, forgetting his conventional language, had taken to his own mother tongue, to utter a last appeal! amongst the crew of the nautilus, associated with the body and soul of the captain, recoiling like him from all contact with men, i had a fellow-countryman. did he alone represent france in this mysterious association, evidently composed of individuals of divers nationalities? it was one of these insoluble problems that rose up unceasingly before my mind! captain nemo entered his room, and i saw him no more for some time. but that he was sad and irresolute i could see by the vessel, of which he was the soul, and which received all his impressions. the nautilus did not keep on in its settled course; it floated about like a corpse at the will of the waves. it went at random. he could not tear himself away from the scene of the last struggle, from this sea that had devoured one of his men. ten days passed thus. it was not till the st of may that the nautilus resumed its northerly course, after having sighted the bahamas at the mouth of the bahama canal. we were then following the current from the largest river to the sea, that has its banks, its fish, and its proper temperatures. i mean the gulf stream. it is really a river, that flows freely to the middle of the atlantic, and whose waters do not mix with the ocean waters. it is a salt river, salter than the surrounding sea. its mean depth is , fathoms, its mean breadth ten miles. in certain places the current flows with the speed of two miles and a half an hour. the body of its waters is more considerable than that of all the rivers in the globe. it was on this ocean river that the nautilus then sailed. i must add that, during the night, the phosphorescent waters of the gulf stream rivalled the electric power of our watch-light, especially in the stormy weather that threatened us so frequently. may th, we were still crossing cape hatteras, at the height of the north caroline. the width of the gulf stream there is seventy-five miles, and its depth yards. the nautilus still went at random; all supervision seemed abandoned. i thought that, under these circumstances, escape would be possible. indeed, the inhabited shores offered anywhere an easy refuge. the sea was incessantly ploughed by the steamers that ply between new york or boston and the gulf of mexico, and overrun day and night by the little schooners coasting about the several parts of the american coast. we could hope to be picked up. it was a favourable opportunity, notwithstanding the thirty miles that separated the nautilus from the coasts of the union. one unfortunate circumstance thwarted the canadian's plans. the weather was very bad. we were nearing those shores where tempests are so frequent, that country of waterspouts and cyclones actually engendered by the current of the gulf stream. to tempt the sea in a frail boat was certain destruction. ned land owned this himself. he fretted, seized with nostalgia that flight only could cure. "master," he said that day to me, "this must come to an end. i must make a clean breast of it. this nemo is leaving land and going up to the north. but i declare to you that i have had enough of the south pole, and i will not follow him to the north." "what is to be done, ned, since flight is impracticable just now?" "we must speak to the captain," said he; "you said nothing when we were in your native seas. i will speak, now we are in mine. when i think that before long the nautilus will be by nova scotia, and that there near new foundland is a large bay, and into that bay the st. lawrence empties itself, and that the st. lawrence is my river, the river by quebec, my native town--when i think of this, i feel furious, it makes my hair stand on end. sir, i would rather throw myself into the sea! i will not stay here! i am stifled!" the canadian was evidently losing all patience. his vigorous nature could not stand this prolonged imprisonment. his face altered daily; his temper became more surly. i knew what he must suffer, for i was seized with home-sickness myself. nearly seven months had passed without our having had any news from land; captain nemo's isolation, his altered spirits, especially since the fight with the poulps, his taciturnity, all made me view things in a different light. "well, sir?" said ned, seeing i did not reply. "well, ned, do you wish me to ask captain nemo his intentions concerning us?" "yes, sir." "although he has already made them known?" "yes; i wish it settled finally. speak for me, in my name only, if you like." "but i so seldom meet him. he avoids me." "that is all the more reason for you to go to see him." i went to my room. from thence i meant to go to captain nemo's. it would not do to let this opportunity of meeting him slip. i knocked at the door. no answer. i knocked again, then turned the handle. the door opened, i went in. the captain was there. bending over his work-table, he had not heard me. resolved not to go without having spoken, i approached him. he raised his head quickly, frowned, and said roughly, "you here! what do you want?" "to speak to you, captain." "but i am busy, sir; i am working. i leave you at liberty to shut yourself up; cannot i be allowed the same?" this reception was not encouraging; but i was determined to hear and answer everything. "sir," i said coldly, "i have to speak to you on a matter that admits of no delay." "what is that, sir?" he replied, ironically. "have you discovered something that has escaped me, or has the sea delivered up any new secrets?" we were at cross-purposes. but, before i could reply, he showed me an open manuscript on his table, and said, in a more serious tone, "here, m. aronnax, is a manuscript written in several languages. it contains the sum of my studies of the sea; and, if it please god, it shall not perish with me. this manuscript, signed with my name, complete with the history of my life, will be shut up in a little floating case. the last survivor of all of us on board the nautilus will throw this case into the sea, and it will go whither it is borne by the waves." this man's name! his history written by himself! his mystery would then be revealed some day. "captain," i said, "i can but approve of the idea that makes you act thus. the result of your studies must not be lost. but the means you employ seem to me to be primitive. who knows where the winds will carry this case, and in whose hands it will fall? could you not use some other means? could not you, or one of yours----" "never, sir!" he said, hastily interrupting me. "but i and my companions are ready to keep this manuscript in store; and, if you will put us at liberty----" "at liberty?" said the captain, rising. "yes, sir; that is the subject on which i wish to question you. for seven months we have been here on board, and i ask you to-day, in the name of my companions and in my own, if your intention is to keep us here always?" "m. aronnax, i will answer you to-day as i did seven months ago: whoever enters the nautilus, must never quit it." "you impose actual slavery upon us!" "give it what name you please." "but everywhere the slave has the right to regain his liberty." "who denies you this right? have i ever tried to chain you with an oath?" he looked at me with his arms crossed. "sir," i said, "to return a second time to this subject will be neither to your nor to my taste; but, as we have entered upon it, let us go through with it. i repeat, it is not only myself whom it concerns. study is to me a relief, a diversion, a passion that could make me forget everything. like you, i am willing to live obscure, in the frail hope of bequeathing one day, to future time, the result of my labours. but it is otherwise with ned land. every man, worthy of the name, deserves some consideration. have you thought that love of liberty, hatred of slavery, can give rise to schemes of revenge in a nature like the canadian's; that he could think, attempt, and try----" i was silenced; captain nemo rose. "whatever ned land thinks of, attempts, or tries, what does it matter to me? i did not seek him! it is not for my pleasure that i keep him on board! as for you, m. aronnax, you are one of those who can understand everything, even silence. i have nothing more to say to you. let this first time you have come to treat of this subject be the last, for a second time i will not listen to you." i retired. our situation was critical. i related my conversation to my two companions. "we know now," said ned, "that we can expect nothing from this man. the nautilus is nearing long island. we will escape, whatever the weather may be." but the sky became more and more threatening. symptoms of a hurricane became manifest. the atmosphere was becoming white and misty. on the horizon fine streaks of cirrhous clouds were succeeded by masses of cumuli. other low clouds passed swiftly by. the swollen sea rose in huge billows. the birds disappeared with the exception of the petrels, those friends of the storm. the barometer fell sensibly, and indicated an extreme extension of the vapours. the mixture of the storm glass was decomposed under the influence of the electricity that pervaded the atmosphere. the tempest burst on the th of may, just as the nautilus was floating off long island, some miles from the port of new york. i can describe this strife of the elements! for, instead of fleeing to the depths of the sea, captain nemo, by an unaccountable caprice, would brave it at the surface. the wind blew from the south-west at first. captain nemo, during the squalls, had taken his place on the platform. he had made himself fast, to prevent being washed overboard by the monstrous waves. i had hoisted myself up, and made myself fast also, dividing my admiration between the tempest and this extraordinary man who was coping with it. the raging sea was swept by huge cloud-drifts, which were actually saturated with the waves. the nautilus, sometimes lying on its side, sometimes standing up like a mast, rolled and pitched terribly. about five o'clock a torrent of rain fell, that lulled neither sea nor wind. the hurri cane blew nearly forty leagues an hour. it is under these conditions that it overturns houses, breaks iron gates, displaces twenty-four pounders. however, the nautilus, in the midst of the tempest, confirmed the words of a clever engineer, "there is no well-constructed hull that cannot defy the sea." this was not a resisting rock; it was a steel spindle, obedient and movable, without rigging or masts, that braved its fury with impunity. however, i watched these raging waves attentively. they measured fifteen feet in height, and to yards long, and their speed of propagation was thirty feet per second. their bulk and power increased with the depth of the water. such waves as these, at the hebrides, have displaced a mass weighing , lb. they are they which, in the tempest of december rd, , after destroying the town of yeddo, in japan, broke the same day on the shores of america. the intensity of the tempest increased with the night. the barometer, as in at reunion during a cyclone, fell seven-tenths at the close of day. i saw a large vessel pass the horizon struggling painfully. she was trying to lie to under half steam, to keep up above the waves. it was probably one of the steamers of the line from new york to liverpool, or havre. it soon disappeared in the gloom. at ten o'clock in the evening the sky was on fire. the atmosphere was streaked with vivid lightning. i could not bear the brightness of it; while the captain, looking at it, seemed to envy the spirit of the tempest. a terrible noise filled the air, a complex noise, made up of the howls of the crushed waves, the roaring of the wind, and the claps of thunder. the wind veered suddenly to all points of the horizon; and the cyclone, rising in the east, returned after passing by the north, west, and south, in the inverse course pursued by the circular storm of the southern hemisphere. ah, that gulf stream! it deserves its name of the king of tempests. it is that which causes those formidable cyclones, by the difference of temperature between its air and its currents. a shower of fire had succeeded the rain. the drops of water were changed to sharp spikes. one would have thought that captain nemo was courting a death worthy of himself, a death by lightning. as the nautilus, pitching dreadfully, raised its steel spur in the air, it seemed to act as a conductor, and i saw long sparks burst from it. crushed and without strength i crawled to the panel, opened it, and descended to the saloon. the storm was then at its height. it was impossible to stand upright in the interior of the nautilus. captain nemo came down about twelve. i heard the reservoirs filling by degrees, and the nautilus sank slowly beneath the waves. through the open windows in the saloon i saw large fish terrified, passing like phantoms in the water. some were struck before my eyes. the nautilus was still descending. i thought that at about eight fathoms deep we should find a calm. but no! the upper beds were too violently agitated for that. we had to seek repose at more than twenty-five fathoms in the bowels of the deep. but there, what quiet, what silence, what peace! who could have told that such a hurricane had been let loose on the surface of that ocean? chapter xx from latitude ° ' to longitude ° ' in consequence of the storm, we had been thrown eastward once more. all hope of escape on the shores of new york or st. lawrence had faded away; and poor ned, in despair, had isolated himself like captain nemo. conseil and i, however, never left each other. i said that the nautilus had gone aside to the east. i should have said (to be more exact) the north-east. for some days, it wandered first on the surface, and then beneath it, amid those fogs so dreaded by sailors. what accidents are due to these thick fogs! what shocks upon these reefs when the wind drowns the breaking of the waves! what collisions between vessels, in spite of their warning lights, whistles, and alarm bells! and the bottoms of these seas look like a field of battle, where still lie all the conquered of the ocean; some old and already encrusted, others fresh and reflecting from their iron bands and copper plates the brilliancy of our lantern. on the th of may we were at the extreme south of the bank of newfoundland. this bank consists of alluvia, or large heaps of organic matter, brought either from the equator by the gulf stream, or from the north pole by the counter-current of cold water which skirts the american coast. there also are heaped up those erratic blocks which are carried along by the broken ice; and close by, a vast charnel-house of molluscs, which perish here by millions. the depth of the sea is not great at newfoundland--not more than some hundreds of fathoms; but towards the south is a depression of , fathoms. there the gulf stream widens. it loses some of its speed and some of its temperature, but it becomes a sea. it was on the th of may, about miles from heart's content, at a depth of more than , fathoms, that i saw the electric cable lying on the bottom. conseil, to whom i had not mentioned it, thought at first that it was a gigantic sea-serpent. but i undeceived the worthy fellow, and by way of consolation related several particulars in the laying of this cable. the first one was laid in the years and ; but, after transmitting about telegrams, would not act any longer. in the engineers constructed an other one, measuring , miles in length, and weighing , tons, which was embarked on the great eastern. this attempt also failed. on the th of may the nautilus, being at a depth of more than , fathoms, was on the precise spot where the rupture occurred which ruined the enterprise. it was within miles of the coast of ireland; and at half-past two in the afternoon they discovered that communication with europe had ceased. the electricians on board resolved to cut the cable before fishing it up, and at eleven o'clock at night they had recovered the damaged part. they made another point and spliced it, and it was once more submerged. but some days after it broke again, and in the depths of the ocean could not be recaptured. the americans, however, were not discouraged. cyrus field, the bold promoter of the enterprise, as he had sunk all his own fortune, set a new subscription on foot, which was at once answered, and another cable was constructed on better principles. the bundles of conducting wires were each enveloped in gutta-percha, and protected by a wadding of hemp, contained in a metallic covering. the great eastern sailed on the th of july, . the operation worked well. but one incident occurred. several times in unrolling the cable they observed that nails had recently been forced into it, evidently with the motive of destroying it. captain anderson, the officers, and engineers consulted together, and had it posted up that, if the offender was surprised on board, he would be thrown without further trial into the sea. from that time the criminal attempt was never repeated. on the rd of july the great eastern was not more than miles from newfoundland, when they telegraphed from ireland the news of the armistice concluded between prussia and austria after sadowa. on the th, in the midst of heavy fogs, they reached the port of heart's content. the enterprise was successfully terminated; and for its first despatch, young america addressed old europe in these words of wisdom, so rarely understood: "glory to god in the highest, and on earth peace, goodwill towards men." i did not expect to find the electric cable in its primitive state, such as it was on leaving the manufactory. the long serpent, covered with the remains of shells, bristling with foraminiferae, was encrusted with a strong coating which served as a protection against all boring molluscs. it lay quietly sheltered from the motions of the sea, and under a favourable pressure for the transmission of the electric spark which passes from europe to america in . of a second. doubtless this cable will last for a great length of time, for they find that the gutta-percha covering is improved by the sea-water. besides, on this level, so well chosen, the cable is never so deeply submerged as to cause it to break. the nautilus followed it to the lowest depth, which was more than , fathoms, and there it lay without any anchorage; and then we reached the spot where the accident had taken place in . the bottom of the ocean then formed a valley about miles broad, in which mont blanc might have been placed without its summit appearing above the waves. this valley is closed at the east by a perpendicular wall more than , yards high. we arrived there on the th of may, and the nautilus was then not more than miles from ireland. was captain nemo going to land on the british isles? no. to my great surprise he made for the south, once more coming back towards european seas. in rounding the emerald isle, for one instant i caught sight of cape clear, and the light which guides the thousands of vessels leaving glasgow or liverpool. an important question then arose in my mind. did the nautilus dare entangle itself in the manche? ned land, who had re-appeared since we had been nearing land, did not cease to question me. how could i answer? captain nemo remained invisible. after having shown the canadian a glimpse of american shores, was he going to show me the coast of france? but the nautilus was still going southward. on the th of may, it passed in sight of land's end, between the extreme point of england and the scilly isles, which were left to starboard. if we wished to enter the manche, he must go straight to the east. he did not do so. during the whole of the st of may, the nautilus described a series of circles on the water, which greatly interested me. it seemed to be seeking a spot it had some trouble in finding. at noon, captain nemo himself came to work the ship's log. he spoke no word to me, but seemed gloomier than ever. what could sadden him thus? was it his proxim ity to european shores? had he some recollections of his abandoned country? if not, what did he feel? remorse or regret? for a long while this thought haunted my mind, and i had a kind of presentiment that before long chance would betray the captain's secrets. the next day, the st of june, the nautilus continued the same process. it was evidently seeking some particular spot in the ocean. captain nemo took the sun's altitude as he had done the day before. the sea was beautiful, the sky clear. about eight miles to the east, a large steam vessel could be discerned on the horizon. no flag fluttered from its mast, and i could not discover its nationality. some minutes before the sun passed the meridian, captain nemo took his sextant, and watched with great attention. the perfect rest of the water greatly helped the operation. the nautilus was motionless; it neither rolled nor pitched. i was on the platform when the altitude was taken, and the captain pronounced these words: "it is here." he turned and went below. had he seen the vessel which was changing its course and seemed to be nearing us? i could not tell. i returned to the saloon. the panels closed, i heard the hissing of the water in the reservoirs. the nautilus began to sink, following a vertical line, for its screw communicated no motion to it. some minutes later it stopped at a depth of more than fathoms, resting on the ground. the luminous ceiling was darkened, then the panels were opened, and through the glass i saw the sea brilliantly illuminated by the rays of our lantern for at least half a mile round us. i looked to the port side, and saw nothing but an immensity of quiet waters. but to starboard, on the bottom appeared a large protuberance, which at once attracted my attention. one would have thought it a ruin buried under a coating of white shells, much resembling a covering of snow. upon examining the mass attentively, i could recognise the ever-thickening form of a vessel bare of its masts, which must have sunk. it certainly belonged to past times. this wreck, to be thus encrusted with the lime of the water, must already be able to count many years passed at the bottom of the ocean. what was this vessel? why did the nautilus visit its tomb? could it have been aught but a shipwreck which had drawn it under the water? i knew not what to think, when near me in a slow voice i heard captain nemo say: "at one time this ship was called the marseillais. it carried seventy-four guns, and was launched in . in , the th of august, commanded by la poype-ver trieux, it fought boldly against the preston. in , on the th of july, it was at the taking of grenada, with the squadron of admiral estaing. in , on the th of september, it took part in the battle of comte de grasse, in chesapeake bay. in , the french republic changed its name. on the th of april, in the same year, it joined the squadron of villaret joyeuse, at brest, being entrusted with the escort of a cargo of corn coming from america, under the command of admiral van stebel. on the th and th prairal of the second year, this squadron fell in with an english vessel. sir, to-day is the th prairal, the first of june, . it is now seventy-four years ago, day for day on this very spot, in latitude ° ', longitude ° ', that this vessel, after fighting heroically, losing its three masts, with the water in its hold, and the third of its crew disabled, preferred sinking with its sailors to surrendering; and, nailing its colours to the poop, disappeared under the waves to the cry of `long live the republic!'" "the avenger!" i exclaimed. "yes, sir, the avenger! a good name!" muttered captain nemo, crossing his arms. chapter xxi a hecatomb the way of describing this unlooked-for scene, the history of the patriot ship, told at first so coldly, and the emotion with which this strange man pronounced the last words, the name of the avenger, the significance of which could not escape me, all impressed itself deeply on my mind. my eyes did not leave the captain, who, with his hand stretched out to sea, was watching with a glowing eye the glorious wreck. perhaps i was never to know who he was, from whence he came, or where he was going to, but i saw the man move, and apart from the _savant_. it was no common misanthropy which had shut captain nemo and his companions within the nautilus, but a hatred, either monstrous or sublime, which time could never weaken. did this hatred still seek for vengeance? the future would soon teach me that. but the nautilus was rising slowly to the surface of the sea, and the form of the avenger disappeared by degrees from my sight. soon a slight rolling told me that we were in the open air. at that moment a dull boom was heard. i looked at the captain. he did not move. "captain?" said i. he did not answer. i left him and mounted the platform. conseil and the canadian were already there. "where did that sound come from?" i asked. "it was a gunshot," replied ned land. i looked in the direction of the vessel i had already seen. it was nearing the nautilus, and we could see that it was putting on steam. it was within six miles of us. "what is that ship, ned?" "by its rigging, and the height of its lower masts," said the canadian, "i bet she is a ship-of-war. may it reach us; and, if necessary, sink this cursed nautilus." "friend ned," replied conseil, "what harm can it do to the nautilus? can it attack it beneath the waves? can its cannonade us at the bottom of the sea?" "tell me, ned," said i, "can you recognise what country she belongs to?" the canadian knitted his eyebrows, dropped his eyelids, and screwed up the corners of his eyes, and for a few moments fixed a piercing look upon the vessel. "no, sir," he replied; "i cannot tell what nation she belongs to, for she shows no colours. but i can declare she is a man-of-war, for a long pennant flutters from her main mast." for a quarter of an hour we watched the ship which was steaming towards us. i could not, however, believe that she could see the nautilus from that distance; and still less that she could know what this submarine engine was. soon the canadian informed me that she was a large, armoured, two-decker ram. a thick black smoke was pouring from her two funnels. her closely-furled sails were stopped to her yards. she hoisted no flag at her mizzen-peak. the distance prevented us from distinguishing the colours of her pennant, which floated like a thin ribbon. she advanced rapidly. if captain nemo allowed her to approach, there was a chance of salvation for us. "sir," said ned land, "if that vessel passes within a mile of us i shall throw myself into the sea, and i should advise you to do the same." i did not reply to the canadian's suggestion, but continued watching the ship. whether english, french, american, or russian, she would be sure to take us in if we could only reach her. presently a white smoke burst from the fore part of the vessel; some seconds after, the water, agitated by the fall of a heavy body, splashed the stern of the nautilus, and shortly afterwards a loud explosion struck my ear. "what! they are firing at us!" i exclaimed. "so please you, sir," said ned, "they have recognised the unicorn, and they are firing at us." "but," i exclaimed, "surely they can see that there are men in the case?" "it is, perhaps, because of that," replied ned land, looking at me. a whole flood of light burst upon my mind. doubtless they knew now how to believe the stories of the pretended monster. no doubt, on board the abraham lincoln, when the canadian struck it with the harpoon, commander farragut had recognised in the supposed narwhal a submarine vessel, more dangerous than a supernatural cetacean. yes, it must have been so; and on every sea they were now seeking this engine of destruction. terrible indeed! if, as we supposed, captain nemo employed the nautilus in works of vengeance. on the night when we were imprisoned in that cell, in the midst of the indian ocean, had he not attacked some vessel? the man buried in the coral cemetery, had he not been a victim to the shock caused by the nautilus? yes, i repeat it, it must be so. one part of the mysterious existence of captain nemo had been unveiled; and, if his identity had not been recognised, at least, the nations united against him were no longer hunting a chimerical creature, but a man who had vowed a deadly hatred against them. all the formidable past rose before me. instead of meeting friends on board the approaching ship, we could only expect pitiless enemies. but the shot rattled about us. some of them struck the sea and ricochetted, losing themselves in the distance. but none touched the nautilus. the vessel was not more than three miles from us. in spite of the serious cannonade, captain nemo did not appear on the platform; but, if one of the conical projectiles had struck the shell of the nautilus, it would have been fatal. the canadian then said, "sir, we must do all we can to get out of this dilemma. let us signal them. they will then, perhaps, understand that we are honest folks." ned land took his handkerchief to wave in the air; but he had scarcely displayed it, when he was struck down by an iron hand, and fell, in spite of his great strength, upon the deck. "fool!" exclaimed the captain, "do you wish to be pierced by the spur of the nautilus before it is hurled at this vessel?" captain nemo was terrible to hear; he was still more terrible to see. his face was deadly pale, with a spasm at his heart. for an instant it must have ceased to beat. his pupils were fearfully contracted. he did not speak, he roared, as, with his body thrown forward, he wrung the canadian's shoulders. then, leaving him, and turning to the ship of war, whose shot was still raining around him, he exclaimed, with a powerful voice, "ah, ship of an accursed nation, you know who i am! i do not want your colours to know you by! look! and i will show you mine!" and on the fore part of the platform captain nemo unfurled a black flag, similar to the one he had placed at the south pole. at that moment a shot struck the shell of the nautilus obliquely, without piercing it; and, rebounding near the captain, was lost in the sea. he shrugged his shoulders; and, addressing me, said shortly, "go down, you and your companions, go down!" "sir," i cried, "are you going to attack this vessel?" "sir, i am going to sink it." "you will not do that?" "i shall do it," he replied coldly. "and i advise you not to judge me, sir. fate has shown you what you ought not to have seen. the attack has begun; go down." "what is this vessel?" "you do not know? very well! so much the better! its nationality to you, at least, will be a secret. go down!" we could but obey. about fifteen of the sailors surrounded the captain, looking with implacable hatred at the vessel nearing them. one could feel that the same desire of vengeance animated every soul. i went down at the moment another projectile struck the nautilus, and i heard the captain exclaim: "strike, mad vessel! shower your useless shot! and then, you will not escape the spur of the nautilus. but it is not here that you shall perish! i would not have your ruins mingle with those of the avenger!" i reached my room. the captain and his second had remained on the platform. the screw was set in motion, and the nautilus, moving with speed, was soon beyond the reach of the ship's guns. but the pursuit continued, and captain nemo contented himself with keeping his distance. about four in the afternoon, being no longer able to contain my impatience, i went to the central staircase. the panel was open, and i ventured on to the platform. the captain was still walking up and down with an agitated step. he was looking at the ship, which was five or six miles to leeward. he was going round it like a wild beast, and, drawing it eastward, he allowed them to pursue. but he did not attack. perhaps he still hesitated? i wished to mediate once more. but i had scarcely spoken, when captain nemo imposed silence, saying: "i am the law, and i am the judge! i am the oppressed, and there is the oppressor! through him i have lost all that i loved, cherished, and venerated--country, wife, children, father, and mother. i saw all perish! all that i hate is there! say no more!" i cast a last look at the man-of-war, which was putting on steam, and rejoined ned and conseil. "we will fly!" i exclaimed. "good!" said ned. "what is this vessel?" "i do not know; but, whatever it is, it will be sunk before night. in any case, it is better to perish with it, than be made accomplices in a retaliation the justice of which we cannot judge." "that is my opinion too," said ned land, coolly. "let us wait for night." night arrived. deep silence reigned on board. the compass showed that the nautilus had not altered its course. it was on the surface, rolling slightly. my companions and i resolved to fly when the vessel should be near enough either to hear us or to see us; for the moon, which would be full in two or three days, shone brightly. once on board the ship, if we could not prevent the blow which threatened it, we could, at least we would, do all that circumstances would allow. several times i thought the nautilus was preparing for attack; but captain nemo contented himself with allowing his adversary to approach, and then fled once more before it. part of the night passed without any incident. we watched the opportunity for action. we spoke little, for we were too much moved. ned land would have thrown himself into the sea, but i forced him to wait. according to my idea, the nautilus would attack the ship at her waterline, and then it would not only be possible, but easy to fly. at three in the morning, full of uneasiness, i mounted the platform. captain nemo had not left it. he was standing at the fore part near his flag, which a slight breeze displayed above his head. he did not take his eyes from the vessel. the intensity of his look seemed to attract, and fascinate, and draw it onward more surely than if he had been towing it. the moon was then passing the meridian. jupiter was rising in the east. amid this peaceful scene of nature, sky and ocean rivalled each other in tranquillity, the sea offering to the orbs of night the finest mirror they could ever have in which to reflect their image. as i thought of the deep calm of these elements, compared with all those passions brooding imperceptibly within the nautilus, i shuddered. the vessel was within two miles of us. it was ever nearing that phosphorescent light which showed the presence of the nautilus. i could see its green and red lights, and its white lantern hanging from the large foremast. an indistinct vibration quivered through its rigging, showing that the furnaces were heated to the uttermost. sheaves of sparks and red ashes flew from the funnels, shining in the atmosphere like stars. i remained thus until six in the morning, without captain nemo noticing me. the ship stood about a mile and a half from us, and with the first dawn of day the firing began afresh. the moment could not be far off when, the nautilus attacking its adversary, my companions and myself should for ever leave this man. i was preparing to go down to remind them, when the second mounted the platform, accompanied by several sailors. captain nemo either did not or would not see them. some steps were taken which might be called the signal for action. they were very simple. the iron balustrade around the platform was lowered, and the lantern and pilot cages were pushed within the shell until they were flush with the deck. the long surface of the steel cigar no longer offered a single point to check its manoeuvres. i returned to the saloon. the nautilus still floated; some streaks of light were filtering through the liquid beds. with the undulations of the waves the windows were brightened by the red streaks of the rising sun, and this dreadful day of the nd of june had dawned. at five o'clock, the log showed that the speed of the nautilus was slackening, and i knew that it was allowing them to draw nearer. besides, the reports were heard more distinctly, and the projectiles, labouring through the ambient water, were extinguished with a strange hissing noise. "my friends," said i, "the moment is come. one grasp of the hand, and may god protect us!" ned land was resolute, conseil calm, myself so nervous that i knew not how to contain myself. we all passed into the library; but the moment i pushed the door opening on to the central staircase, i heard the upper panel close sharply. the canadian rushed on to the stairs, but i stopped him. a well-known hissing noise told me that the water was running into the reservoirs, and in a few minutes the nautilus was some yards beneath the surface of the waves. i understood the manoeuvre. it was too late to act. the nautilus did not wish to strike at the impenetrable cuirass, but below the water-line, where the metallic covering no longer protected it. we were again imprisoned, unwilling witnesses of the dreadful drama that was preparing. we had scarcely time to reflect; taking refuge in my room, we looked at each other without speaking. a deep stupor had taken hold of my mind: thought seemed to stand still. i was in that painful state of expectation preceding a dreadful report. i waited, i listened, every sense was merged in that of hearing! the speed of the nautilus was accelerated. it was preparing to rush. the whole ship trembled. suddenly i screamed. i felt the shock, but comparatively light. i felt the penetrating power of the steel spur. i heard rattlings and scrapings. but the nautilus, carried along by its propelling power, passed through the mass of the vessel like a needle through sailcloth! i could stand it no longer. mad, out of my mind, i rushed from my room into the saloon. captain nemo was there, mute, gloomy, implacable; he was looking through the port panel. a large mass cast a shadow on the water; and, that it might lose nothing of her agony, the nautilus was going down into the abyss with her. ten yards from me i saw the open shell, through which the water was rushing with the noise of thunder, then the double line of guns and the netting. the bridge was covered with black, agitated shadows. the water was rising. the poor creatures were crowding the ratlines, clinging to the masts, struggling under the water. it was a human ant-heap overtaken by the sea. paralysed, stiffened with anguish, my hair standing on end, with eyes wide open, panting, without breath, and without voice, i too was watching! an irresistible attraction glued me to the glass! suddenly an explosion took place. the compressed air blew up her decks, as if the magazines had caught fire. then the unfortunate vessel sank more rapidly. her topmast, laden with victims, now appeared; then her spars, bending under the weight of men; and, last of all, the top of her mainmast. then the dark mass disappeared, and with it the dead crew, drawn down by the strong eddy. i turned to captain nemo. that terrible avenger, a perfect archangel of hatred, was still looking. when all was over, he turned to his room, opened the door, and entered. i followed him with my eyes. on the end wall beneath his heroes, i saw the portrait of a woman, still young, and two little children. captain nemo looked at them for some moments, stretched his arms towards them, and, kneeling down, burst into deep sobs. chapter xxii the last words of captain nemo the panels had closed on this dreadful vision, but light had not returned to the saloon: all was silence and darkness within the nautilus. at wonderful speed, a hundred feet beneath the water, it was leaving this desolate spot. whither was it going? to the north or south? where was the man flying to after such dreadful retaliation? i had returned to my room, where ned and conseil had remained silent enough. i felt an insurmountable horror for captain nemo. whatever he had suffered at the hands of these men, he had no right to punish thus. he had made me, if not an accomplice, at least a witness of his vengeance. at eleven the electric light reappeared. i passed into the saloon. it was deserted. i consulted the different instruments. the nautilus was flying northward at the rate of twenty-five miles an hour, now on the surface, and now thirty feet below it. on taking the bearings by the chart, i saw that we were passing the mouth of the manche, and that our course was hurrying us towards the northern seas at a frightful speed. that night we had crossed two hundred leagues of the atlantic. the shadows fell, and the sea was covered with darkness until the rising of the moon. i went to my room, but could not sleep. i was troubled with dreadful nightmare. the horrible scene of destruction was continually before my eyes. from that day, who could tell into what part of the north atlantic basin the nautilus would take us? still with unaccountable speed. still in the midst of these northern fogs. would it touch at spitzbergen, or on the shores of nova zembla? should we explore those unknown seas, the white sea, the sea of kara, the gulf of obi, the archipelago of liarrov, and the unknown coast of asia? i could not say. i could no longer judge of the time that was passing. the clocks had been stopped on board. it seemed, as in polar countries, that night and day no longer followed their regular course. i felt myself being drawn into that strange region where the foundered imagination of edgar poe roamed at will. like the fabulous gordon pym, at every moment i expected to see "that veiled human figure, of larger proportions than those of any inhabitant of the earth, thrown across the cataract which defends the approach to the pole." i estimated (though, perhaps, i may be mistaken)--i estimated this adventurous course of the nautilus to have lasted fifteen or twenty days. and i know not how much longer it might have lasted, had it not been for the catastrophe which ended this voyage. of captain nemo i saw nothing whatever now, nor of his second. not a man of the crew was visible for an instant. the nautilus was almost incessantly under water. when we came to the surface to renew the air, the panels opened and shut mechanically. there were no more marks on the planisphere. i knew not where we were. and the canadian, too, his strength and patience at an end, appeared no more. conseil could not draw a word from him; and, fearing that, in a dreadful fit of madness, he might kill himself, watched him with constant devotion. one morning (what date it was i could not say) i had fallen into a heavy sleep towards the early hours, a sleep both painful and unhealthy, when i suddenly awoke. ned land was leaning over me, saying, in a low voice, "we are going to fly." i sat up. "when shall we go?" i asked. "to-night. all inspection on board the nautilus seems to have ceased. all appear to be stupefied. you will be ready, sir?" "yes; where are we?" "in sight of land. i took the reckoning this morning in the fog--twenty miles to the east." "what country is it?" "i do not know; but, whatever it is, we will take refuge there." "yes, ned, yes. we will fly to-night, even if the sea should swallow us up." "the sea is bad, the wind violent, but twenty miles in that light boat of the nautilus does not frighten me. unknown to the crew, i have been able to procure food and some bottles of water." "i will follow you." "but," continued the canadian, "if i am surprised, i will defend myself; i will force them to kill me." "we will die together, friend ned." i had made up my mind to all. the canadian left me. i reached the platform, on which i could with difficulty support myself against the shock of the waves. the sky was threatening; but, as land was in those thick brown shadows, we must fly. i returned to the saloon, fearing and yet hoping to see captain nemo, wishing and yet not wishing to see him. what could i have said to him? could i hide the involuntary horror with which he inspired me? no. it was better that i should not meet him face to face; better to forget him. and yet---- how long seemed that day, the last that i should pass in the nautilus. i remained alone. ned land and conseil avoided speaking, for fear of betraying themselves. at six i dined, but i was not hungry; i forced myself to eat in spite of my disgust, that i might not weaken myself. at half-past six ned land came to my room, saying, "we shall not see each other again before our departure. at ten the moon will not be risen. we will profit by the darkness. come to the boat; conseil and i will wait for you." the canadian went out without giving me time to answer. wishing to verify the course of the nautilus, i went to the saloon. we were running n.n.e. at frightful speed, and more than fifty yards deep. i cast a last look on these wonders of nature, on the riches of art heaped up in this museum, upon the unrivalled collection destined to perish at the bottom of the sea, with him who had formed it. i wished to fix an indelible impression of it in my mind. i remained an hour thus, bathed in the light of that luminous ceiling, and passing in review those treasures shining under their glasses. then i returned to my room. i dressed myself in strong sea clothing. i collected my notes, placing them carefully about me. my heart beat loudly. i could not check its pulsations. certainly my trouble and agitation would have betrayed me to captain nemo's eyes. what was he doing at this moment? i listened at the door of his room. i heard steps. captain nemo was there. he had not gone to rest. at every moment i expected to see him appear, and ask me why i wished to fly. i was constantly on the alert. my imagination magnified everything. the impression became at last so poignant that i asked myself if it would not be better to go to the captain's room, see him face to face, and brave him with look and gesture. it was the inspiration of a madman; fortunately i resisted the desire, and stretched myself on my bed to quiet my bodily agitation. my nerves were somewhat calmer, but in my excited brain i saw over again all my existence on board the nautilus; every incident, either happy or unfortunate, which had happened since my disappearance from the abraham lincoln--the submarine hunt, the torres straits, the savages of papua, the running ashore, the coral cemetery, the passage of suez, the island of santorin, the cretan diver, vigo bay, atlantis, the iceberg, the south pole, the imprisonment in the ice, the fight among the poulps, the storm in the gulf stream, the avenger, and the horrible scene of the vessel sunk with all her crew. all these events passed before my eyes like scenes in a drama. then captain nemo seemed to grow enormously, his features to assume superhuman proportions. he was no longer my equal, but a man of the waters, the genie of the sea. it was then half-past nine. i held my head between my hands to keep it from bursting. i closed my eyes; i would not think any longer. there was another half-hour to wait, another half-hour of a nightmare, which might drive me mad. at that moment i heard the distant strains of the organ, a sad harmony to an undefinable chant, the wail of a soul longing to break these earthly bonds. i listened with every sense, scarcely breathing; plunged, like captain nemo, in that musical ecstasy, which was drawing him in spirit to the end of life. then a sudden thought terrified me. captain nemo had left his room. he was in the saloon, which i must cross to fly. there i should meet him for the last time. he would see me, perhaps speak to me. a gesture of his might destroy me, a single word chain me on board. but ten was about to strike. the moment had come for me to leave my room, and join my companions. i must not hesitate, even if captain nemo himself should rise before me. i opened my door carefully; and even then, as it turned on its hinges, it seemed to me to make a dreadful noise. perhaps it only existed in my own imagination. i crept along the dark stairs of the nautilus, stopping at each step to check the beating of my heart. i reached the door of the saloon, and opened it gently. it was plunged in profound darkness. the strains of the organ sounded faintly. captain nemo was there. he did not see me. in the full light i do not think he would have noticed me, so entirely was he absorbed in the ecstasy. i crept along the carpet, avoiding the slightest sound which might betray my presence. i was at least five minutes reaching the door, at the opposite side, opening into the library. i was going to open it, when a sigh from captain nemo nailed me to the spot. i knew that he was rising. i could even see him, for the light from the library came through to the saloon. he came towards me silently, with his arms crossed, gliding like a spectre rather than walking. his breast was swelling with sobs; and i heard him murmur these words (the last which ever struck my ear): "almighty god! enough! enough!" was it a confession of remorse which thus escaped from this man's conscience? in desperation, i rushed through the library, mounted the central staircase, and, following the upper flight, reached the boat. i crept through the opening, which had already admitted my two companions. "let us go! let us go!" i exclaimed. "directly!" replied the canadian. the orifice in the plates of the nautilus was first closed, and fastened down by means of a false key, with which ned land had provided himself; the opening in the boat was also closed. the canadian began to loosen the bolts which still held us to the submarine boat. suddenly a noise was heard. voices were answering each other loudly. what was the matter? had they discovered our flight? i felt ned land slipping a dagger into my hand. "yes," i murmured, "we know how to die!" the canadian had stopped in his work. but one word many times repeated, a dreadful word, revealed the cause of the agitation spreading on board the nautilus. it was not we the crew were looking after! "the maelstrom! the maelstrom!" could a more dreadful word in a more dreadful situation have sounded in our ears! we were then upon the dangerous coast of norway. was the nautilus being drawn into this gulf at the moment our boat was going to leave its sides? we knew that at the tide the pent-up waters between the islands of ferroe and loffoden rush with irresistible violence, forming a whirlpool from which no vessel ever escapes. from every point of the horizon enormous waves were meeting, forming a gulf justly called the "navel of the ocean," whose power of attraction extends to a distance of twelve miles. there, not only vessels, but whales are sacrificed, as well as white bears from the northern regions. it is thither that the nautilus, voluntarily or involuntarily, had been run by the captain. it was describing a spiral, the circumference of which was lessening by degrees, and the boat, which was still fastened to its side, was carried along with giddy speed. i felt that sickly giddiness which arises from long-continued whirling round. we were in dread. our horror was at its height, circulation had stopped, all nervous influence was annihilated, and we were covered with cold sweat, like a sweat of agony! and what noise around our frail bark! what roarings repeated by the echo miles away! what an uproar was that of the waters broken on the sharp rocks at the bottom, where the hardest bodies are crushed, and trees worn away, "with all the fur rubbed off," according to the norwegian phrase! what a situation to be in! we rocked frightfully. the nautilus defended itself like a human being. its steel muscles cracked. sometimes it seemed to stand upright, and we with it! "we must hold on," said ned, "and look after the bolts. we may still be saved if we stick to the nautilus." he had not finished the words, when we heard a crashing noise, the bolts gave way, and the boat, torn from its groove, was hurled like a stone from a sling into the midst of the whirlpool. my head struck on a piece of iron, and with the violent shock i lost all consciousness. chapter xxiii conclusion thus ends the voyage under the seas. what passed during that night--how the boat escaped from the eddies of the maelstrom--how ned land, conseil, and myself ever came out of the gulf, i cannot tell. but when i returned to consciousness, i was lying in a fisherman's hut, on the loffoden isles. my two companions, safe and sound, were near me holding my hands. we embraced each other heartily. at that moment we could not think of returning to france. the means of communication between the north of norway and the south are rare. and i am therefore obliged to wait for the steamboat running monthly from cape north. and, among the worthy people who have so kindly received us, i revise my record of these adventures once more. not a fact has been omitted, not a detail exaggerated. it is a faithful narrative of this incredible expedition in an element inaccessible to man, but to which progress will one day open a road. shall i be believed? i do not know. and it matters little, after all. what i now affirm is, that i have a right to speak of these seas, under which, in less than ten months, i have crossed , leagues in that submarine tour of the world, which has revealed so many wonders. but what has become of the nautilus? did it resist the pressure of the maelstrom? does captain nemo still live? and does he still follow under the ocean those frightful retaliations? or, did he stop after the last hecatomb? will the waves one day carry to him this manuscript containing the history of his life? shall i ever know the name of this man? will the missing vessel tell us by its nationality that of captain nemo? i hope so. and i also hope that his powerful vessel has conquered the sea at its most terrible gulf, and that the nautilus has survived where so many other vessels have been lost! if it be so--if captain nemo still inhabits the ocean, his adopted country, may hatred be appeased in that savage heart! may the contemplation of so many wonders extinguish for ever the spirit of vengeance! may the judge disappear, and the philosopher continue the peaceful exploration of the sea! if his destiny be strange, it is also sublime. have i not understood it myself? have i not lived ten months of this unnatural life? and to the question asked by ecclesiastes three thousand years ago, "that which is far off and exceeding deep, who can find it out?" two men alone of all now living have the right to give an answer---- captain nemo and myself.