The absolute impossibility of transubstantiation demonstrated
         Johnson, Samuel, 1649-1703.
      
       
         
           1688
        
      
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             The absolute impossibility of transubstantiation demonstrated
             Johnson, Samuel, 1649-1703.
             Johnson, Samuel, 1649-1703. Second five year's struggle against popery and tyranny.
          
           
             The second edition.
          
           xv, 55 p. : ill.
           
             Printed for William Rogers,
             London :
             1688.
          
           
             Attributed to S. Johnson by Wing.
             This item also appears as pages [157]-233 in Samuel Johnson's Second five year's struggle against popery and tyranny (Wing J843) at reel 386:10.
             Reproduction of original in the Union Theological Seminary Library, New York.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Transubstantiation.
        
      
    
     
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           Imprimatur
           ,
        
         
           Liber
           cui
           Titulus
           ,
           [
           The
           Absolute
           Impossibility
           of
           Transubstantiation
           Demonstrated
           .
           ]
        
         
           Maij
           3.
           1688.
           
        
         
           Guil.
           Needham
           RR.
           in
           Christo
           P.
           ac
           D.
           D.
           Wilhelmo
           Archiep
           .
           Cant.
           a
           Sacr.
           Dom.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Absolute
           Impossibility
           OF
           Transubstantiation
           DEMONSTRATED
           .
        
         
           The
           Second
           Edition
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             William
             Rogers
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Sun
           over
           against
           St.
           Dunstan's
           Church
           in
           Fleetstreet
           .
           M
           DC
           LXXXVIII
           .
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           PREFACE
           .
        
         
           UPON
           a
           careful
           Review
           of
           this
           ensuing
           Discourse
           ,
           I
           find
           no
           cause
           to
           make
           any
           abatement
           from
           the
           Title
           of
           it
           ,
           which
           promises
           to
           the
           Reader
           no
           less
           than
           strict
           Demonstration
           .
           If
           any
           of
           the
           following
           Arguments
           should
           happen
           to
           fall
           short
           of
           these
           pretensions
           to
           the
           highest
           and
           clearest
           sort
           of
           Proof
           that
           can
           be
           ,
           it
           is
           wholly
           My
           fault
           ,
           and
           I
           will
           mend
           it
           upon
           the
           first
           Notice
           of
           it
           .
           For
           I
           am
           sure
           that
           the
           Subject-matter
           is
           capable
           of
           the
           most
           rigorous
           Demonstration
           that
           ever
           was
           ;
           and
           it
           has
           always
           been
           held
           ,
           That
           the
           Essential
           Properties
           and
           Affections
           of
           a
           Body
           ,
           such
           as
           Quantity
           ,
           Figure
           ,
           and
           its
           relation
           to
           Place
           ,
           &c.
           are
           the
           Proper
           Subject
           of
           Demonstration
           .
           And
           let
           me
           here
           add
           ,
           That
           such
           a
           Doctrine
           as
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           neither
           is
           ,
           nor
           can
           be
           a
           Matter
           of
           Revelation
           .
        
         
           For
           Scripture
           was
           given
           us
           ,
           Either
           
             (
             I
             st
          
           )
           to
           Reveal
           things
           which
           were
           unknown
           to
           us
           by
           Natural
           Light
           :
           Such
           as
           the
           manner
           of
           the
           Creation
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           the
           greater
           and
           more
           amazing
           Secret
           of
           the
           Redemption
           of
           it
           ,
           wherein
           all
           Heaven
           was
           engaged
           ;
           the
           Father
           sent
           the
           Son
           ,
           and
           the
           Son
           afterwards
           sent
           the
           Holy
           Ghost
           ;
           upon
           which
           occasion
           we
           have
           a
           clear
           and
           manifest
           declaration
           of
           that
           Doctrine
           ,
           which
           is
           commonly
           called
           the
           Trinity
           of
           Persons
           in
           the
           Godhead
           ,
           which
           was
           not
           so
           express
           before
           ,
           under
           the
           Old
           Testament
           .
           To
           these
           may
           be
           added
           ,
           
           the
           assurance
           which
           is
           given
           us
           of
           a
           Resurrection
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           future
           Iudgment
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           different
           portion
           of
           good
           and
           bad
           men
           ;
           of
           the
           one
           in
           Happiness
           with
           all
           the
           blessed
           Company
           of
           Heaven
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           other
           in
           Eternal
           Torments
           prepared
           for
           the
           Devil
           and
           his
           Angels
           .
           Now
           these
           are
           things
           which
           are
           Vndiscoverable
           by
           Natural
           Light
           ;
           but
           being
           Revealed
           ,
           are
           very
           agreeable
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           in
           nowise
           contradict
           it
           .
        
         
           Or
           (
           2dly
           )
           To
           furnish
           us
           with
           an
           History
           of
           Providence
           ,
           and
           of
           God's
           government
           of
           the
           World
           :
           Wherein
           most
           of
           the
           Divine
           Attributes
           are
           visibly
           displayed
           .
           His
           Holiness
           and
           Justice
           are
           to
           be
           seen
           in
           his
           Judgments
           ,
           his
           Mercy
           in
           Deliverances
           ,
           his
           Power
           in
           Miracles
           ;
           his
           Knowledg
           ,
           Faithfulness
           and
           Truth
           ,
           in
           Prophesies
           ;
           and
           the
           like
           .
           Now
           this
           part
           of
           Scripture
           does
           only
           clear
           up
           and
           exemplify
           our
           Natural
           Knowledge
           of
           God
           ;
           and
           our
           Reason
           is
           so
           far
           from
           being
           distressed
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           very
           much
           strengthened
           and
           confirmed
           by
           it
           :
           As
           to
           compare
           great
           things
           with
           small
           ,
           the
           Grammar
           Rule
           is
           proved
           and
           confirmed
           by
           the
           Example
           .
        
         
           Or
           (
           3dly
           )
           It
           was
           given
           us
           to
           improve
           our
           Natural
           Notices
           ,
           and
           inforce
           our
           Natural
           Obligations
           to
           those
           Duties
           ,
           which
           we
           owe
           to
           God
           ,
           our
           Neighbour
           and
           our selves
           .
           And
           here
           our
           Reason
           triumphs
           ,
           and
           is
           made
           perfect
           .
        
         
           Or
           (
           4thly
           )
           To
           establish
           certain
           Religious
           Ordinances
           and
           Institutions
           ;
           such
           as
           are
           the
           Sacraments
           ,
           Religious
           Assemblies
           ,
           Preaching
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           :
           which
           our
           very
           Reason
           does
           subscribe
           and
           approve
           as
           wise
           and
           holy
           Appointments
           ,
           and
           as
           highly
           Instrumental
           to
           a
           good
           Life
           .
        
         
           Now
           these
           are
           matters
           worthy
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           all
           the
           Wisdom
           in
           the
           World
           would
           expect
           should
           be
           the
           Contents
           of
           a
           Divine
           Revelation
           .
           If
           God
           should
           vouchsafe
           to
           make
           new
           Discoveries
           to
           the
           World
           ,
           a
           man
           would
           look
           
           for
           somewhat
           of
           this
           nature
           ,
           which
           should
           improve
           us
           ,
           and
           supply
           the
           defects
           of
           Human
           Vnderstanding
           ,
           and
           tend
           to
           the
           perfecting
           of
           our
           Nature
           .
           But
           no
           man
           would
           expect
           that
           God
           should
           send
           after
           us
           from
           Heaven
           to
           unteach
           us
           all
           that
           ever
           he
           had
           taught
           us
           in
           the
           day
           of
           our
           Creation
           ,
           and
           to
           bless
           us
           with
           such
           Discoveries
           as
           these
           .
           That
           the
           same
           Body
           is
           in
           the
           same
           Place
           ,
           and
           is
           not
           in
           the
           same
           Place
           at
           the
           same
           time
           .
           That
           the
           Duration
           of
           24
           Hours
           is
           the
           Duration
           of
           1688
           Tears
           .
           That
           a
           Miles
           Distance
           ,
           and
           the
           Distance
           of
           10000
           Miles
           is
           Equal
           .
           That
           the
           same
           thing
           may
           Exist
           ,
           and
           not
           Exist
           at
           once
           .
           That
           the
           self-same
           single
           thing
           may
           have
           two
           contrary
           Natures
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           and
           not
           be
           what
           it
           is
           ;
           together
           with
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Mysteries
           of
           Transubstantiation
           .
           We
           are
           sure
           that
           a
           Divine
           Revelation
           cannot
           contradict
           the
           Common
           Sense
           and
           Reason
           of
           Mankind
           ;
           for
           that
           would
           be
           to
           pronouce
           them
           
             False
             Witnesses
             of
             God
          
           ,
           when
           by
           these
           alone
           we
           know
           that
           there
           is
           a
           God
           ,
           and
           are
           led
           to
           the
           discovery
           of
           his
           Eternal
           Power
           and
           Godhead
           ;
           which
           must
           be
           known
           before
           we
           can
           think
           of
           Revelation
           .
           For
           it
           is
           in
           vain
           to
           talk
           of
           the
           Word
           of
           God
           ,
           till
           we
           know
           that
           there
           is
           a
           God
           whose
           Word
           this
           Revelation
           is
           .
           In
           short
           ,
           If
           any
           supposed
           Revelation
           should
           contradict
           the
           plain
           Principles
           of
           Reason
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           the
           same
           thing
           ,
           or
           rather
           worse
           ,
           than
           if
           that
           Revelation
           should
           contradict
           it self
           .
           For
           if
           a
           Revelation
           should
           contradict
           it self
           ,
           we
           could
           not
           indeed
           receive
           it
           upon
           those
           terms
           ,
           because
           we
           should
           be
           bound
           to
           believe
           it
           and
           disbelieve
           it
           at
           once
           ,
           and
           therefore
           we
           could
           not
           believe
           it
           at
           all
           ;
           But
           if
           this
           Revelation
           should
           contradict
           the
           plain
           Principles
           of
           Reason
           ,
           then
           it
           would
           overthrow
           that
           Vnderstanding
           which
           we
           are
           sure
           we
           received
           from
           the
           hands
           of
           God
           :
           And
           therefore
           if
           we
           should
           renounce
           our
           Reason
           to
           believe
           such
           a
           Revelation
           ,
           we
           must
           in
           that
           case
           part
           with
           a
           Certainty
           for
           
           an
           Uncertainty
           .
           For
           we
           cannot
           know
           (
           unless
           we
           will
           receive
           it
           blindfold
           ,
           and
           then
           we
           know
           nothing
           )
           That
           ever
           any
           Revelation
           came
           from
           God
           ,
           till
           our
           Reason
           has
           made
           it
           out
           to
           us
           that
           it
           did
           :
           And
           therefore
           to
           abandon
           our
           Reason
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           any
           Revelation
           ,
           is
           to
           make
           our selves
           surer
           of
           the
           thing
           proved
           ,
           than
           of
           the
           Proof
           it self
           ,
           which
           is
           very
           absurd
           ;
           for
           that
           which
           makes
           us
           certain
           of
           another
           thing
           ,
           must
           needs
           be
           first
           and
           best
           known
           to
           us
           .
        
         
           I
           should
           not
           have
           put
           such
           a
           Case
           as
           this
           ,
           for
           it
           is
           an
           impossible
           Case
           ,
           but
           that
           the
           Papists
           themselves
           have
           put
           it
           ,
           and
           have
           decided
           it
           the
           wrong
           way
           ,
           and
           have
           made
           Axiomes
           and
           self-evident
           Principles
           out
           of
           the
           false
           determination
           of
           it
           .
           So
           Cartes
           concludes
           his
           First
           Book
           of
           Principles
           ;
           
             That
             we
             must
             fix
             this
             in
             our
             minds
             as
             the
             chief
             and
             principal
             Rule
             ,
             That
             those
             things
             which
             are
             revealed
             to
             us
             by
             God
             ,
             are
             to
             be
             believed
             as
             the
             most
             certain
             of
             all
             others
             :
             And
             although
             perchance
             the
             most
             clear
             and
             evident
             Light
             of
             Reason
             that
             can
             be
             ,
             should
             seem
             to
             suggest
             to
             us
             the
             contrary
             ,
             yet
             we
             must
             believe
             Divine
             Authority
             alone
             ,
             rather
             than
             our
             own
             Judgment
             .
          
           Now
           this
           I
           say
           is
           an
           impossible
           Case
           ;
           for
           we
           have
           not
           a
           more
           clear
           and
           evident
           proof
           ,
           than
           the
           most
           clear
           and
           most
           evident
           Light
           of
           Reason
           that
           can
           be
           ,
           Either
           that
           God
           has
           revealed
           any
           one
           Doctrine
           in
           particular
           ,
           Or
           made
           any
           Revelation
           at
           all
           ,
           Or
           that
           there
           is
           a
           God.
           And
           therefore
           if
           any
           revealed
           Doctrine
           in
           particular
           can
           be
           supposed
           to
           contradict
           the
           most
           clear
           and
           most
           evident
           Light
           of
           Reason
           that
           can
           be
           ,
           so
           that
           it
           ought
           to
           be
           set
           aside
           and
           disbelieved
           as
           False
           ;
           Then
           that
           Doctrine
           does
           therein
           overthrow
           both
           its
           own
           Credit
           ,
           and
           the
           belief
           of
           a
           Revelation
           in
           general
           ,
           and
           even
           of
           a
           Deity
           :
           And
           consequently
           it
           is
           ,
           as
           I
           said
           ,
           an
           Impossible
           Case
           ,
           and
           a
           perfect
           Inconsistency
           ;
           for
           at
           once
           it
           supposes
           the
           belief
           of
           a
           Divine
           Revelation
           ,
           and
           yet
           destroys
           the
           belief
           of
           any
           such
           thing
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Gentlemen
           of
           the
           Port
           Royal
           ,
           in
           their
           Logick
           or
           Art
           of
           Thinking
           ,
           have
           advanced
           this
           Rule
           of
           Cartes
           to
           the
           state
           and
           degree
           of
           an
           Axiome
           ,
           or
           undoubted
           Principle
           :
           For
           in
           
             Part
             4.
             
             Chap.
             7.
          
           they
           make
           this
           ,
           together
           with
           two
           other
           Axiomes
           which
           usher
           it
           in
           ,
           to
           be
           the
           Foundation
           of
           Faith.
           I
           shall
           consider
           them
           all
           three
           .
        
         
           
             AXIOME
             VIII
             .
          
           
             
               A
               Man
               ought
               not
               to
               deny
               that
               which
               is
               clear
               and
               evident
               ,
               for
               not
               being
               able
               to
               comprehend
               that
               which
               is
               obscure
               .
            
             This
             is
             but
             a
             lame
             Axiome
             ;
             for
             tho
             it
             be
             Truth
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             not
             the
             whole
             Truth
             in
             this
             matter
             :
             For
             a
             Man
             ought
             not
             to
             deny
             that
             which
             is
             clear
             and
             evident
             upon
             any
             acceunt
             what
             soever
             .
             He
             ought
             not
             to
             go
             against
             known
             Truth
             ,
             (
             for
             that
             is
             the
             English
             of
             what
             is
             clear
             and
             evident
             )
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             any
             thing
             ,
             either
             known
             or
             unknown
             .
          
        
         
           
             AXIOME
             IX
             .
          
           
             
               It
               is
               of
               the
               nature
               of
               a
               Finite
               mind
               ,
               not
               to
               be
               able
               to
               comprehend
               that
               which
               is
               Infinite
               .
            
             This
             is
             an
             undoubted
             Truth
             ,
             and
             no
             man
             can
             gainsay
             it
             ;
             only
             it
             has
             the
             misfortune
             to
             be
             found
             here
             in
             bad
             company
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             applied
             to
             false
             purposes
             ,
             as
             we
             shall
             see
             by
             and
             by
             .
          
        
         
           
             AXIOME
             X.
             
          
           
             
               The
               Testimony
               of
               a
               Person
               infinitely
               powerful
               ,
               infinitely
               wise
               ,
               infinitely
               good
               ,
               and
               infinitely
               true
               ,
               ought
               to
               have
               more
               force
               to
               persuade
               our
               Minds
               ,
               than
               the
               most
               convincing
               Reasons
               .
            
             But
             I
             ask
             again
             ,
             Have
             we
             any
             more
             than
             the
             most
             convincing
             Reasons
             ,
             to
             
             persuade
             us
             that
             there
             is
             any
             such
             Person
             thus
             qualified
             ?
             Or
             that
             this
             Infinitely
             Credible
             and
             Adorable
             Being
             has
             given
             any
             Testimony
             at
             all
             ?
             If
             not
             ,
             Then
             I
             say
             ,
             that
             this
             Axiome
             is
             an
             Inconsistency
             ,
             it
             supplants
             it self
             ,
             and
             undermines
             the
             very
             ground
             on
             which
             it
             stands
             .
             That
             must
             needs
             be
             a
             very
             tottering
             and
             ruinous
             foundation
             of
             faith
             ,
             which
             is
             established
             upon
             a
             contrariety
             and
             opposition
             to
             the
             Most
             Convincing
             Reasons
             :
             But
             an
             absurd
             Religion
             may
             be
             glad
             of
             such
             Axiomes
             as
             it
             can
             get
             ,
             and
             must
             be
             content
             to
             be
             served
             with
             an
             absurd
             Logic.
             
          
           
             The
             Messieurs
             promise
             us
             here
             to
             say
             somewhat
             more
             of
             Faith
             afterwards
             ,
             which
             accordingly
             they
             do
             ,
             
               Chap.
               II.
            
             and
             therefore
             thither
             we
             will
             follow
             them
             ,
             and
             see
             how
             they
             apply
             these
             Axiomes
             to
             establish
             Transubstantiation
             .
             Where
             first
             they
             inculcate
             their
             former
             Axiome
             in
             these
             words
             ,
             
               
                 Il
                 est
                 certain
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               
               It
               is
               certain
               that
               Divine
               Faith
               ought
               to
               have
               more
               power
               over
               our
               Minds
               ,
               than
               our
               own
               Reason
               .
               And
               this
               is
               certain
               ,
               even
               by
               Reason
               it self
               ,
               which
               shews
               us
               ,
               that
               we
               ought
               always
               to
               prefer
               that
               which
               is
               more
               certain
               ,
               before
               that
               which
               is
               less
               certain
               ;
               and
               that
               it
               is
               more
               certain
               that
               what
               God
               says
               ,
               is
               true
               ,
               than
               what
               our
               Reason
               persuades
               us
               ;
               because
               God
               is
               more
               uncapable
               of
               Deceiving
               us
               ,
               than
               our
               Reason
               of
               being
               Deceived
               .
            
             Now
             ,
             if
             what
             Reason
             persuades
             us
             ,
             be
             not
             certain
             ,
             when
             ,
             for
             instance
             ,
             it
             persuades
             us
             that
             there
             is
             a
             God
             ,
             then
             there
             is
             no
             possible
             certainty
             of
             a
             Revelation
             ,
             which
             shall
             stand
             in
             competition
             with
             Reason
             ,
             and
             be
             preferred
             before
             it
             .
             And
             therefore
             this
             is
             the
             old
             Enchantment
             over
             again
             ,
             which
             perfectly
             turns
             the
             Reason
             of
             Mankind
             into
             a
             Stone
             ,
             so
             that
             it
             cannot
             move
             one
             step
             either
             forward
             or
             backward
             .
             For
             if
             the
             most
             clear
             and
             evident
             light
             of
             Reason
             that
             can
             be
             ,
             (
             as
             Cartes's
             word
             is
             )
             ,
             if
             the
             most
             convincing
             Reasons
             (
             as
             the
             Port-Royal
             word
             is
             )
             may
             be
             
             false
             ,
             Then
             it
             is
             impossible
             for
             us
             us
             to
             know
             any
             thing
             :
             Nay
             ,
             it
             is
             impossible
             for
             us
             so
             much
             as
             to
             know
             ,
             that
             we
             know
             nothing
             .
          
           
             But
             in
             the
             very
             next
             words
             they
             relent
             ,
             and
             tell
             us
             quite
             another
             story
             .
             
               
                 Neanmoins
                 a
                 considerer
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               
               Nevertheless
               to
               consider
               things
               exactly
               ,
               that
               which
               we
               evidently
               perceive
               ,
               both
               by
               Reason
               ,
               or
               by
               the
               faithful
               report
               of
               our
               Senses
               ,
               is
               never
               contrary
               to
               that
               which
               Divine
               Faith
               teaches
               us
               .
               But
               that
               which
               makes
               us
               believe
               so
               ,
               is
               ,
               that
               we
               take
               no
               heed
               where
               it
               is
               that
               the
               evidence
               of
               our
               Reason
               and
               of
               our
               Senses
               ought
               to
               stop
               ,
               and
               to
               go
               no
               further
               .
            
             Methinks
             men
             should
             consider
             things
             exactly
             before
             they
             lay
             down
             Axiomes
             and
             first
             Principles
             ,
             and
             not
             after
             :
             For
             now
             it
             seems
             that
             Revelation
             is
             never
             contrary
             to
             the
             evidence
             of
             Reason
             ,
             or
             the
             faithful
             report
             of
             our
             Senses
             ,
             (
             for
             if
             they
             are
             never
             contrary
             to
             that
             ,
             then
             that
             is
             never
             contrary
             to
             them
             )
             and
             therefore
             the
             opposition
             which
             was
             supposed
             to
             be
             betwixt
             them
             ,
             and
             the
             renouncing
             of
             Reason
             ,
             and
             cleaving
             to
             Faith
             ,
             which
             followed
             thereupon
             ,
             proves
             to
             be
             wholly
             a
             mistake
             .
             So
             that
             they
             have
             plainly
             given
             up
             their
             10th
             Axiome
             for
             Nonsense
             ;
             and
             now
             they
             are
             upon
             a
             new
             question
             ,
             which
             is
             concerning
             the
             just
             bounds
             and
             full
             extent
             of
             sense
             and
             reason
             ,
             and
             to
             shew
             how
             short
             sighted
             they
             both
             are
             in
             discerning
             a
             bit
             of
             Bread.
             
          
           
             Their
             next
             words
             are
             these
             :
             
               Par
               exemple
               ,
               &c.
            
             
             
               For
               Example
               ,
               Our
               Senses
               shew
               us
               clearly
               in
               the
               Sacrament
               some
               roundness
               and
               whiteness
               ;
               but
               our
               senses
               do
               not
               teach
               us
               whether
               it
               be
               the
               substance
               of
               Bread
               which
               causes
               our
               eyes
               to
               perceive
               this
               Roundness
               and
               Whiteness
               :
               And
               thus
               Faith
               is
               not
               contrary
               to
               the
               evidence
               of
               our
               Senses
               ,
               when
               it
               tells
               us
               ,
               that
               this
               is
               not
               the
               substance
               of
               Bread
               ,
               which
               is
               abolished
               ,
               having
               
               been
               changed
               into
               the
               Body
               of
               Jesus
               Christ
               by
               the
               Mystery
               of
               Transubstantiation
               ,
               and
               that
               we
               see
               nothing
               more
               than
               the
               species
               and
               appearances
               of
               Bread
               which
               still
               remain
               ,
               although
               the
               substance
               be
               abolished
               ,
               and
               be
               no
               more
               .
            
             When
             the
             Papists
             are
             disposed
             to
             make
             themselves
             merry
             with
             the
             follies
             of
             us
             poor
             Hereticks
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             such
             happy
             subject
             of
             their
             Drollery
             as
             this
             ,
             That
             we
             pretend
             to
             see
             Substances
             ,
             and
             have
             such
             exquisite
             Senses
             as
             will
             penetrate
             farther
             and
             deeper
             than
             all
             other
             mens
             .
             Now
             on
             the
             other
             hand
             we
             can
             tell
             them
             very
             seriously
             ,
             that
             we
             never
             saw
             Roundness
             or
             Whiteness
             in
             our
             lives
             ,
             nor
             can
             any
             of
             our
             Senses
             shew
             us
             any
             such
             rarities
             :
             We
             cannot
             deny
             but
             that
             we
             have
             seen
             Round
             and
             White
             Substances
             or
             Bodies
             ,
             or
             pieces
             of
             Matter
             ,
             call
             them
             what
             you
             will
             ;
             but
             as
             for
             Roundness
             and
             Whiteness
             ,
             we
             believe
             them
             to
             be
             objects
             so
             dazling
             ,
             that
             they
             would
             certainly
             blind
             us
             .
             The
             roundness
             ,
             and
             whiteness
             ,
             and
             sweetness
             which
             they
             see
             and
             tast
             in
             the
             Sacrament
             without
             a
             Subject
             ,
             are
             the
             round
             ,
             and
             white
             ,
             and
             sweet
             nothings
             which
             we
             never
             yet
             saw
             nor
             tasted
             ,
             tho
             we
             sometimes
             promise
             them
             to
             our
             Children
             for
             Fairings
             .
             But
             Substances
             we
             continually
             see
             ,
             and
             cannot
             look
             beside
             them
             :
             For
             every
             thing
             which
             is
             seen
             ,
             heard
             ,
             smelt
             ,
             tasted
             ,
             or
             felt
             ,
             is
             a
             Substance
             ,
             and
             which
             is
             more
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             gross
             material
             Substance
             ,
             or
             else
             it
             could
             not
             affect
             and
             make
             an
             impression
             upon
             such
             gross
             material
             organs
             of
             Sense
             as
             ours
             are
             .
             What
             is
             it
             that
             so
             fēelingly
             moves
             our
             Senses
             ,
             and
             resists
             our
             Touch
             ,
             but
             a
             Body
             or
             Material
             Substance
             ?
             For
             Ten
             thousand
             Roundnesses
             and
             Whitenesses
             will
             not
             make
             up
             One
             Object
             of
             Sense
             .
             And
             as
             for
             the
             instance
             which
             lies
             before
             us
             ,
             of
             a
             piece
             of
             Bread
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             Substance
             the
             most
             familiar
             ,
             and
             best
             known
             to
             us
             of
             all
             others
             .
             We
             can
             see
             ,
             and
             taste
             ,
             and
             seel
             ,
             and
             smell
             it
             ,
             and
             know
             it
             blindfold
             And
             not
             only
             we
             ,
             but
             most
             of
             the
             Creatures
             
             about
             us
             can
             see
             ,
             and
             taste
             ,
             and
             smell
             the
             Substance
             of
             Bread
             as
             well
             as
             we
             ,
             and
             know
             it
             very
             distinctly
             ,
             and
             will
             single
             it
             out
             from
             twenty
             other
             Round
             and
             White
             Substances
             whatsoever
             .
             And
             their
             Senses
             were
             certainly
             given
             them
             to
             discern
             Substances
             and
             not
             Accidents
             ,
             for
             otherwise
             a
             round
             and
             white
             Stone
             ,
             or
             a
             round
             and
             white
             Chip
             ,
             would
             serve
             their
             turn
             as
             well
             ;
             but
             Figure
             and
             Colour
             are
             not
             their
             business
             ,
             but
             a
             Substance
             ,
             which
             will
             nourish
             them
             ,
             and
             which
             will
             be
             altered
             and
             assimilated
             into
             the
             substance
             of
             Flesh
             and
             Blood.
             And
             therefore
             whether
             the
             substance
             of
             a
             Wafer
             be
             Bread
             ,
             or
             whether
             it
             be
             a
             Humane
             Body
             ,
             I
             will
             refer
             it
             wholly
             to
             all
             the
             Animals
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             which
             love
             Bread
             ,
             and
             will
             not
             seize
             upon
             a
             living
             Man
             ;
             for
             they
             are
             competent
             and
             indifferent
             judges
             in
             this
             matter
             :
             Always
             excepting
             those
             Animals
             which
             are
             the
             Masters
             of
             
               The
               School
               of
               the
               Eucharist
            
             ;
             for
             they
             are
             all
             Parties
             and
             Bigots
             ,
             and
             especially
             the
             Dog
             of
             Lisbon
             .
             In
             short
             ,
             I
             challenge
             all
             the
             world
             to
             tell
             me
             what
             there
             is
             belonging
             to
             the
             substance
             of
             Bread
             ,
             which
             we
             do
             not
             see
             and
             discern
             by
             our
             senses
             ,
             and
             which
             is
             not
             faithfully
             reported
             to
             us
             by
             them
             .
             And
             therefore
             -
             when
             our
             senses
             evidently
             shew
             us
             ,
             that
             a
             Wafer
             is
             the
             substance
             of
             Bread
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             other
             hand
             ,
             the
             Popish
             Faith
             teaches
             us
             that
             it
             is
             not
             the
             substance
             of
             Bread
             ,
             but
             the
             substance
             of
             a
             Human
             Body
             ,
             
               That
               Faith
            
             is
             plainly
             contrary
             to
             the
             evidence
             of
             our
             Senses
             ;
             which
             because
             the
             Messieurs
             said
             before
             ,
             Divine
             Faith
             Never
             is
             ,
             it
             leaves
             their
             Faith
             under
             a
             different
             character
             from
             that
             which
             is
             Divine
             .
          
           
             They
             proceed
             in
             the
             following
             words
             ,
             
               
                 Nostre
                 raison
                 de
                 mesme
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               Our
               Reason
               in
               like
               manner
               shews
               us
               that
               one
               single
               Body
               is
               not
               at
               the
               same
               time
               in
               divers
               places
               ,
               nor
               two
               Bodies
               in
               one
               and
               the
               same
               place
               ;
               but
               
               this
               ought
               to
               be
               understood
               of
               the
               natural
               condition
               of
               Bodies
               ,
               because
               it
               would
               be
               a
               desect
               of
               Reason
               for
               a
               Man
               to
               imagine
               that
               our
               Mind
               being
               Finite
               ,
               is
               able
               to
               comprehend
               how
               far
               the
               Infinite
               Power
               of
               God
               reaches
               .
               And
               therefore
               when
               Hereticks
               ,
               in
               order
               to
               destroy
               the
               Mysteries
               of
               Faith
               ,
               as
               the
               Trinity
               ,
               Incarnation
               and
               Eucharist
               ,
               do
               object
               those
               Pretended
               Impossibilities
               which
               they
               draw
               from
               Reason
               ,
               in
               this
               very
               thing
               they
               themselves
               do
               visibly
               depart
               from
               Reason
               ,
               in
               pretending
               to
               be
               able
               to
               Comprehend
               in
               their
               Finite
               Mind
               the
               Infinite
               extent
               of
               the
               Power
               of
               God.
               
            
          
           
             In
             this
             short
             passage
             there
             are
             many
             things
             liable
             to
             exception
             .
             For
             
               (
               1st
               ,
            
             )
             Our
             Reason
             does
             not
             only
             shew
             us
             ,
             that
             one
             single
             Body
             
               is
               not
            
             at
             the
             same
             time
             in
             divers
             Places
             ,
             but
             it
             shews
             us
             also
             that
             it
             
               cannot
               be
            
             in
             divers
             Places
             at
             once
             ,
             for
             this
             reason
             ,
             because
             in
             that
             case
             one
             single
             Body
             would
             be
             divers
             Bodies
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             Contradiction
             .
             And
             therefore
             
               (
               2dly
               ,
            
             )
             The
             Limitation
             which
             follows
             ,
             is
             false
             ,
             That
             this
             ought
             to
             be
             understood
             of
             the
             Natural
             Condition
             of
             Bodies
             ,
             and
             restrained
             only
             to
             that
             .
             For
             whether
             Bodies
             be
             in
             a
             Natural
             condition
             ,
             or
             Supernatural
             ,
             one
             single
             Body
             cannot
             be
             divers
             Bodies
             at
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             for
             then
             it
             is
             no
             longer
             one
             single
             Body
             .
             No
             Supernatural
             case
             or
             condition
             can
             make
             a
             Contradiction
             to
             be
             true
             .
             For
             instance
             ,
             St.
             
               John
               Baptist
            
             told
             the
             Jews
             that
             God
             was
             able
             of
             those
             Stones
             ,
             which
             lay
             upon
             the
             Banks
             of
             Jordan
             ,
             to
             raise
             up
             Children
             unto
             Abraham
             .
             In
             their
             Natural
             condition
             they
             were
             Stones
             ,
             but
             in
             this
             Supernatural
             condition
             they
             would
             have
             been
             Men
             ;
             but
             in
             no
             condition
             was
             it
             possible
             for
             them
             to
             be
             both
             Stones
             and
             Men
             at
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             a
             Repugnancy
             ,
             For
             to
             say
             ,
             a
             Stone
             is
             a
             Man
             ,
             is
             to
             say
             a
             Stone
             is
             not
             a
             Stone
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             ,
             or
             it
             is
             nothing
             at
             all
             ,
             
             which
             I
             hope
             no
             Man
             will
             say
             is
             the
             work
             of
             an
             Infinite
             Power
             .
             And
             therefore
             
               (
               3ly
               ,
            
             )
             in
             saying
             ,
             That
             One
             Body
             cannot
             be
             in
             divers
             places
             at
             once
             ,
             we
             do
             not
             thereby
             imagine
             that
             a
             Finite
             Mind
             can
             comprehend
             how
             far
             the
             Infinite
             Power
             of
             God
             reaches
             ;
             This
             is
             both
             a
             false
             charge
             ,
             and
             a
             false
             inference
             .
             For
             what
             has
             Omnipotency
             to
             do
             with
             nothing
             ?
             To
             effect
             Nothing
             ,
             is
             a
             derogation
             to
             all
             Power
             ,
             much
             more
             is
             it
             beneath
             that
             which
             is
             Infinite
             .
             When
             therefore
             we
             vindicate
             the
             Divine
             Power
             ,
             and
             assert
             the
             Infinity
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             say
             it
             is
             removed
             at
             the
             greatest
             distance
             from
             all
             defect
             ,
             Is
             this
             to
             say
             that
             a
             Finite
             mind
             can
             comprehend
             it
             ?
             No
             ;
             God
             forbid
             that
             our
             heads
             should
             be
             filled
             with
             such
             cross
             Popish
             Contradictions
             ,
             as
             to
             say
             ,
             that
             every
             Contradiction
             is
             Impossible
             ,
             and
             yet
             this
             Contradiction
             is
             Possible
             ;
             That
             a
             Finite
             may
             hold
             an
             Infinite
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Greater
             may
             be
             contained
             by
             the
             Less
             .
             We
             admire
             and
             adore
             the
             Infinite
             Power
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             we
             are
             sensible
             of
             it
             every
             Minute
             ,
             for
             in
             Him
             we
             live
             and
             move
             and
             have
             our
             Being
             ,
             and
             yet
             we
             do
             not
             comprehend
             it
             ;
             neither
             have
             we
             the
             least
             thought
             or
             imagination
             of
             Comprehending
             it
             ;
             for
             we
             know
             that
             this
             is
             utterly
             Inconsistent
             with
             the
             necessary
             Imperfection
             and
             Limitation
             of
             a
             Creature
             state
             .
             The
             Infinite
             Power
             of
             God
             stands
             like
             a
             Great
             Mountain
             .
             Now
             we
             can
             see
             a
             great
             Mountain
             only
             by
             parts
             ,
             and
             cannot
             view
             it
             all
             round
             at
             once
             ,
             much
             less
             can
             we
             grasp
             or
             comprehend
             it
             ,
             and
             take
             it
             up
             in
             our
             Arms.
             But
             yet
             as
             we
             know
             and
             see
             ,
             that
             this
             incomprehensible
             Mountain
             (
             which
             is
             an
             Object
             too
             big
             for
             our
             Senses
             )
             is
             not
             a
             Valley
             ;
             so
             we
             are
             full
             as
             sure
             that
             Perfection
             is
             not
             Imperfection
             ,
             and
             that
             Infinite
             Power
             (
             tho
             we
             never
             pretended
             to
             measure
             the
             extent
             of
             it
             )
             is
             free
             from
             all
             Impotency
             ,
             and
             cannot
             atchieve
             Impossibilities
             and
             Nothings
             .
             
             As
             we
             know
             by
             his
             Necessary
             Existence
             that
             God
             cannot
             cease
             to
             Be
             ,
             and
             by
             his
             Infinite
             Wisdom
             that
             he
             cannot
             Err
             ,
             and
             by
             his
             Infinite
             Truth
             that
             it
             is
             Impossible
             for
             God
             to
             Lye
             :
             So
             we
             are
             assured
             by
             his
             Insinite
             Power
             that
             he
             cannot
             make
             a
             Contradiction
             ,
             a
             Nothing
             ,
             an
             Inconsistency
             ,
             which
             is
             always
             unmade
             again
             as
             fast
             as
             it
             is
             made
             .
             If
             God
             should
             Create
             and
             Annihilate
             a
             thing
             at
             once
             ,
             he
             would
             plainly
             effect
             neither
             ,
             and
             nothing
             would
             follow
             upon
             such
             an
             Impossible
             Act.
             
               (
               4thly
               ,
            
             )
             The
             Messieurs
             insinuate
             ,
             as
             if
             the
             Impôssibilities
             which
             are
             brought
             against
             Transubstantiation
             were
             of
             the
             same
             sort
             ,
             and
             as
             False
             and
             Pretended
             ,
             as
             those
             which
             are
             objected
             against
             the
             Trinity
             ,
             and
             the
             Incarnation
             of
             our
             Saviour
             ;
             but
             I
             shall
             leave
             that
             to
             the
             judgment
             of
             every
             indifferent
             Reader
             ,
             after
             he
             has
             weighed
             and
             considered
             the
             following
             Discourse
             .
          
           
             And
             thus
             I
             have
             at
             least-shaken
             those
             Axiomes
             ,
             which
             were
             purposely
             erected
             as
             Strongholds
             ,
             to
             cover
             and
             shelter
             the
             absurd
             Doctrines
             of
             the
             Church
             of
             Rome
             ,
             and
             especially
             that
             of
             Trasubstantiation
             ,
             by
             feigning
             that
             Revelation
             and
             Reason
             are
             at
             variance
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             that
             Case
             Reason
             is
             to
             be
             abandoned
             .
             It
             may
             justly
             be
             admired
             that
             Cartes
             ,
             a
             Man
             of
             clear
             Sense
             ,
             should
             begin
             such
             Rules
             ;
             but
             it
             is
             to
             be
             remembred
             ,
             That
             he
             was
             to
             make
             some
             amends
             for
             the
             bold
             Truths
             he
             had
             elsewhere
             delivered
             ;
             and
             likewise
             ,
             That
             he
             was
             able
             to
             complement
             the
             Church
             of
             Rome
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             he
             did
             particular
             Persons
             ,
             without
             being
             a
             Slave
             to
             his
             Complement
             :
             for
             when
             he
             was
             pressed
             with
             what
             he
             had
             said
             upon
             such
             Occasions
             ,
             and
             with
             his
             own
             very
             words
             ;
             he
             used
             to
             tell
             them
             ,
             
               Urbanitas
               Styli
               Gallici
               te
               fesellit
            
             ,
             you
             did
             not
             understand
             a
             French
             Complement
             .
             I
             doubt
             not
             but
             the
             Learned
             Men
             of
             the
             Port
             Royal
             did
             very
             well
             understand
             
             it
             ;
             but
             it
             is
             their
             Craft
             to
             make
             silver
             Shrines
             for
             Diana
             ;
             and
             all
             the
             Commendation
             we
             can
             give
             them
             ,
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             very
             able
             Workmen
             ,
             and
             Masters
             of
             their
             Trade
             ,
             such
             a
             one
             as
             it
             is
             .
          
           
             To
             conclude
             ,
             Reason
             is
             that
             whereby
             we
             chuse
             our
             Religion
             ,
             and
             judg
             whether
             it
             be
             a
             Revelation
             which
             came
             from
             God
             ,
             and
             whereby
             we
             distinguish
             betwixt
             the
             Bible
             and
             the
             Alchoran
             .
             And
             ,
             as
             Cartes
             says
             ,
             If
             a
             Turk
             or
             a
             Heathen
             ,
             being
             induced
             by
             some
             False
             Reasonings
             ,
             
             should
             embrace
             Christianity
             ,
             and
             did
             not
             know
             that
             it
             came
             from
             God
             ,
             he
             would
             not
             thereupon
             be
             a
             Christian
             ,
             but
             rather
             he
             would
             be
             guilty
             of
             a
             Sin
             ,
             in
             not
             using
             his
             Reason
             aright
             .
             Reason
             is
             that
             whereby
             we
             interpret
             a
             Revelation
             ;
             or
             else
             a
             man
             can
             give
             no
             reason
             why
             he
             interprets
             it
             in
             that
             manner
             ,
             rather
             than
             in
             another
             .
             And
             as
             St.
             Paul
             speaks
             in
             another
             Case
             ,
             
               Do
               ye
               not
               know
               that
               the
               Saints
               shall
               judg
               the
               World
               ?
            
             &c.
             Do
             ye
             not
             know
             that
             Reason
             must
             judg
             of
             the
             Sum
             of
             Religion
             ?
             And
             if
             the
             whole
             must
             be
             judged
             by
             it
             ,
             Is
             it
             unworthy
             to
             judg
             in
             the
             smallest
             Matters
             ,
             such
             as
             a
             Phrase
             ,
             or
             a
             Figure
             ?
             Shall
             it
             not
             judg
             in
             so
             plain
             and
             so
             easie
             a
             Case
             as
             this
             ?
             That
             Christ's
             Body
             on
             which
             the
             Woman
             poured
             her
             Alabaster
             Box
             of
             Ointment
             ,
             
               Matth.
               26.
               12.
            
             was
             his
             living
             Natural
             Body
             ;
             And
             the
             Body
             which
             Joseph
             of
             Arimathea
             begged
             and
             buried
             ,
             
               Matth.
               27.
               58.
            
             was
             his
             dead
             Natural
             Body
             ;
             And
             the
             Body
             of
             Christ
             which
             is
             to
             be
             Edified
             ,
             
               Eph.
               4.
               12.
            
             is
             the
             Church
             ,
             or
             Society
             of
             all
             Christian
             People
             ;
             And
             the
             Body
             of
             Christ
             which
             is
             to
             be
             eaten
             ,
             
               Matth.
               26.
               26.
            
             is
             the
             Sign
             ,
             or
             Sacrament
             ,
             or
             Memorial
             of
             his
             Body
             ?
             If
             Reason
             may
             not
             judg
             in
             this
             Case
             ,
             by
             considering
             and
             examining
             these
             several
             Places
             ,
             but
             is
             to
             be
             set
             aside
             or
             renounced
             ,
             and
             the
             Letter
             of
             Scripture
             is
             to
             determine
             it
             ;
             Then
             I
             am
             sure
             ,
             that
             if
             the
             
             Communicant
             ,
             by
             virtue
             of
             those
             words
             ,
             
               This
               is
               my
               Body
            
             ,
             eats
             the
             Natural
             Body
             of
             Christ
             either
             dead
             or
             alive
             ,
             At
             the
             same
             time
             he
             also
             eats
             up
             all
             Christian
             People
             by
             virtue
             of
             St.
             Paul's
             words
             ,
             who
             in
             like
             manner
             expresly
             calls
             Them
             
               the
               Body
               of
               Christ.
            
             In
             a
             word
             ,
             whatsoever
             is
             believed
             or
             done
             in
             Religion
             ,
             must
             be
             by
             Reason
             ,
             or
             else
             it
             is
             an
             Irrational
             Belief
             and
             Practice
             .
             For
             Reason
             is
             the
             Principle
             of
             a
             Man
             ;
             and
             whatsoever
             is
             not
             done
             by
             it
             ,
             is
             not
             done
             by
             the
             Man
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             an
             Humane
             Act
             ,
             but
             the
             Act
             of
             a
             brute
             .
             Whenever
             therefore
             I
             become
             a
             Scholar
             in
             the
             
               School
               of
               the
               Eucharist
            
             ,
             and
             renounce
             the
             Reason
             which
             God
             has
             given
             me
             ,
             to
             embrace
             the
             Romish
             Doctrine
             of
             Transubstantiation
             ,
             I
             am
             fully
             resolved
             to
             keep
             a
             decorum
             in
             it
             ,
             and
             I
             will
             certainly
             go
             over
             to
             that
             Church
             upon
             all
             Four.
             
          
           
             I
             have
             not
             thus
             much
             insisted
             upon
             Reason
             ,
             because
             we
             are
             destitute
             of
             Scripture-proof
             ,
             to
             shew
             that
             Transubstantiation
             is
             false
             ;
             for
             we
             have
             not
             a
             clearer
             and
             fuller
             evidence
             from
             Revelation
             ,
             that
             our
             Saviour
             came
             into
             the
             World
             ,
             than
             we
             have
             that
             his
             Body
             ,
             even
             since
             his
             Resurrection
             ,
             is
             such
             ,
             as
             cannot
             possibly
             be
             present
             in
             form
             of
             bread
             .
             As
             to
             name
             no
             more
             ,
             
               Luke
               24.
               39.
               
               Behold
               my
               hands
               and
               my
               feet
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               I
               my self
               :
               handle
               me
               and
               see
               ,
               for
               a
               Spirit
               hath
               not
               flesh
               and
               bones
               ,
               as
               ye
               see
               me
               have
               .
            
             These
             are
             the
             Scripture-marks
             of
             our
             Saviour's
             body
             ,
             which
             he
             himself
             gave
             on
             purpose
             to
             know
             it
             by
             .
             But
             can
             we
             possibly
             behold
             Hands
             and
             Feet
             in
             a
             Wafer
             ?
             Can
             we
             handle
             and
             see
             flesh
             and
             bones
             in
             it
             ?
             If
             we
             cannot
             ,
             Then
             it
             is
             not
             he
             himself
             ;
             otherwise
             these
             are
             fallacious
             Marks
             of
             him
             ,
             
               for
               roundness
               and
               whiteness
            
             ,
             and
             
               no
               Hands
               and
               Feet
            
             ,
             and
             
               no
               Flesh
               and
               Bones
            
             ,
             might
             have
             been
             the
             Marks
             as
             well
             .
             But
             I
             was
             hereby
             willing
             to
             shew
             ,
             that
             as
             Scripture
             is
             against
             
             Transubstantiation
             ,
             so
             the
             primitive
             Light
             of
             Reason
             is
             against
             it
             too
             ,
             the
             Unwritten
             as
             well
             as
             the
             Written
             Word
             of
             God
             :
             And
             that
             as
             Transubstantiation
             tends
             to
             the
             destruction
             of
             all
             that
             is
             Man
             or
             Christian
             in
             us
             ;
             So
             on
             the
             other
             hand
             ,
             Common
             Sense
             ,
             Reason
             ,
             Christianity
             ,
             and
             all
             that
             is
             within
             us
             ,
             does
             rise
             up
             in
             opposition
             against
             so
             monstrous
             and
             mischievous
             a
             Doctrine
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           THE
           ABSOLUTE
           IMPOSSIBILITY
           OF
           Transubstantiation
           DEMONSTRATED
           .
        
         
           TRansubstantiation
           is
           not
           the
           Name
           of
           one
           single
           Absurdity
           ,
           but
           it
           signifies
           as
           Legion
           does
           ,
           many
           Thousands
           in
           one
           .
           For
           which
           reason
           it
           is
           very
           hard
           to
           draw
           them
           up
           ,
           or
           put
           them
           into
           any
           good
           order
           ,
           which
           however
           I
           shall
           endeavour
           to
           do
           under
           these
           two
           Heads
           :
        
         
           First
           ,
           Of
           
             Intellectual
             Absurdities
          
           .
        
         
           And
           Secondly
           ,
           Of
           
             Practical
             Absurdities
          
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           The
           first
           Head
           is
           of
           
             Intellectual
             Absurdities
          
           ;
           by
           which
           I
           mean
           such
           Falshoods
           as
           are
           repugnant
           to
           the
           common
           Reason
           and
           Understanding
           of
           Mankind
           .
           And
           I
           purposely
           wave
           all
           those
           Absurdities
           of
           Transubstantiation
           which
           contradict
           our
           Senses
           ,
           because
           if
           a
           man
           be
           bent
           upon
           it
           ,
           and
           will
           outface
           me
           out
           of
           all
           my
           senses
           ,
           as
           I
           cannot
           believe
           him
           ,
           so
           I
           
           cannot
           disprove
           him
           :
           If
           he
           says
           the
           Sun
           does
           not
           shine
           ,
           when
           at
           the
           same
           time
           I
           am
           really
           dazled
           with
           the
           light
           and
           brightness
           of
           it
           ,
           I
           can
           only
           say
           as
           I
           find
           ,
           and
           appeal
           to
           his
           own
           senses
           ,
           and
           desire
           him
           to
           do
           me
           right
           .
           In
           case
           a
           Romanist
           should
           bear
           me
           down
           ,
           that
           the
           Bible
           in
           my
           hand
           is
           not
           a
           Book
           ,
           but
           the
           living
           Judg
           of
           Controversie
           ,
           Pope
           Innocent
           the
           Eleventh
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Bishops
           of
           the
           Christian
           World
           sitting
           together
           in
           Council
           ;
           I
           cannot
           help
           my self
           :
           especially
           if
           he
           pretend
           to
           have
           chang'd
           the
           Book
           into
           such
           ,
           and
           so
           many
           living
           men
           by
           saying
           some
           powerful
           charming
           words
           over
           it
           ;
           and
           further
           ,
           if
           in
           condescension
           and
           compliance
           with
           the
           frailty
           of
           human
           sense
           ,
           he
           likewise
           acknowledges
           that
           it
           looks
           like
           a
           Printed
           and
           Bound
           Book
           ,
           and
           is
           cloath'd
           with
           all
           the
           Accidents
           and
           Properties
           of
           a
           Book
           ,
           and
           that
           one
           part
           of
           the
           Enchantment
           lies
           in
           this
           ,
           that
           tho
           in
           all
           appearance
           it
           is
           a
           Book
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           in
           reality
           Pope
           Innocent
           the
           Eleventh
           ,
           and
           an
           Assembly
           of
           living
           Bishops
           ;
           in
           this
           case
           I
           cannot
           plead
           my
           senses
           ,
           because
           he
           has
           already
           foreclosed
           the
           use
           and
           evidence
           of
           them
           .
           But
           if
           he
           goes
           on
           to
           tell
           me
           utter
           Impossibilities
           ,
           and
           after
           having
           affirm'd
           to
           me
           that
           the
           two
           Epistles
           of
           St.
           Peter
           are
           nothing
           else
           but
           Pope
           Innocent
           in
           person
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           very
           same
           Holy
           Father
           (
           whom
           I
           have
           in
           my
           hand
           at
           London
           )
           is
           also
           at
           the
           self
           same
           time
           personally
           present
           at
           Rome
           ,
           and
           at
           Paris
           ,
           and
           at
           Vienna
           ,
           and
           in
           ten
           thousand
           other
           very
           remote
           places
           ;
           he
           then
           puts
           me
           into
           a
           way
           to
           break
           the
           Enchantment
           ,
           and
           to
           overthrow
           his
           Delusion
           with
           such
           Arguments
           ,
           as
           will
           not
           be
           satisfied
           by
           saying
           ,
           
             That
             the
             senses
             may
             be
             deceived
             ,
             and
             cannot
             dive
             into
             the
             essence
             of
             things
             .
          
        
         
         
           It
           is
           not
           such
           a
           light
           and
           ludicrous
           Cheat
           as
           this
           I
           have
           been
           now
           speaking
           of
           ,
           which
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           has
           put
           upon
           the
           World
           for
           many
           Ages
           together
           ;
           for
           then
           I
           question
           whether
           I
           should
           ever
           have
           employed
           my
           Pen
           against
           it
           ;
           (
           though
           it
           is
           an
           indignity
           to
           mankind
           to
           impose
           upon
           them
           ,
           to
           deceive
           and
           make
           children
           of
           them
           )
           but
           the
           Romish
           delusion
           is
           of
           an
           higher
           nature
           ,
           for
           it
           is
           the
           Cheat
           of
           a
           bit
           of
           Bread
           which
           you
           must
           believe
           to
           be
           a
           man's
           body
           ,
           nay
           to
           be
           a
           God
           :
           And
           accordingly
           if
           you
           will
           not
           worship
           and
           bow
           down
           to
           this
           bit
           of
           Bread
           ,
           and
           acknowledg
           it
           to
           be
           your
           Maker
           ,
           then
           shall
           you
           be
           condemned
           for
           an
           Heretick
           ;
           then
           will
           they
           
           zealously
           tell
           you
           ,
           
             That
             they
             will
             no
             more
             pray
             for
             you
             than
             they
             will
             for
             a
             Dog
             ;
             and
             that
             as
             your
             Body
             fries
             in
             a
             Smithfield
             Fire
             ,
             so
             your
             Soul
             shall
             for
             ever
             burn
             in
             Hell.
          
           And
           therefore
           it
           is
           of
           as
           great
           consequence
           to
           men
           ,
           as
           their
           souls
           and
           bodies
           are
           worth
           ,
           to
           know
           the
           truth
           of
           this
           matter
           ;
           for
           which
           cause
           I
           earnestly
           intreat
           them
           to
           weigh
           and
           ponder
           the
           Arguments
           ,
           and
           carefully
           to
           attend
           to
           the
           Demonstrations
           ,
           which
           I
           shall
           here
           lay
           down
           before
           them
           .
        
         
           To
           proceed
           with
           the
           more
           strength
           and
           clearness
           in
           this
           matter
           ,
           and
           to
           avoid
           needless
           Repetitions
           ,
           and
           such
           like
           incumbrances
           of
           a
           Discourse
           ,
           I
           shall
           here
           premise
           some
           very
           reasonable
           Demands
           ,
           which
           without
           any
           man's
           leave
           I
           shall
           take
           for
           granted
           :
           1.
           
           That
           a
           Doctrine
           which
           consists
           of
           Impossibilities
           ,
           is
           an
           impossible
           Doctrine
           .
           2.
           
           That
           Omnipotency
           it self
           cannot
           make
           an
           Impossibility
           ;
           for
           what
           cannot
           be
           done
           at
           all
           ,
           cannot
           be
           done
           by
           Almighty
           Power
           .
           Supposing
           an
           infinite
           excess
           of
           Power
           ,
           (
           as
           we
           are
           sure
           there
           is
           in
           God
           )
           yet
           it
           cannot
           do
           what
           cannot
           
           be
           done
           .
           3.
           
           That
           a
           Contradiction
           is
           an
           Impossibility
           .
        
         
           From
           these
           Premises
           I
           shall
           infer
           ,
           That
           every
           Contradiction
           which
           is
           contained
           in
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           is
           an
           undoubted
           proof
           of
           the
           Impossibility
           of
           it
           ;
           so
           that
           it
           never
           was
           ,
           is
           ,
           or
           can
           be
           true
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           pretence
           of
           Omnipotency
           it self
           cannot
           support
           it
           .
        
         
         
           To
           avoid
           the
           force
           of
           this
           and
           such
           like
           Demonstrations
           ,
           the
           Representer
           of
           Popery
           tells
           us
           ,
           
             That
             Christ
             gives
             to
             his
             Body
             a
             supernatural
             manner
             of
             
             Existence
             ,
             by
             which
             being
             left
             without
             Extension
             of
             Parts
             ,
             and
             rendred
             independent
             of
             Place
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             one
             and
             the
             same
             in
             many
             Places
             at
             once
             ,
             and
             whole
             in
             every
             part
             of
             the
             Symbols
             ,
             and
             not
             obnoxious
             to
             any
             Corporeal
             Contingencies
             .
          
           Thus
           far
           he
           .
           It
           may
           be
           ,
           a
           few
           new-devised
           terms
           ,
           and
           half
           a
           dozen
           Inconsistent
           Words
           contradictiously
           jumbled
           together
           ,
           are
           able
           to
           overthrow
           a
           Demonstration
           .
           We
           will
           try
           whether
           they
           can
           or
           no.
           As
           for
           the
           Privileges
           and
           Prerogatives
           of
           this
           Body
           (
           which
           it
           must
           always
           be
           carefully
           remembred
           is
           an
           Organized
           Human
           Body
           )
           to
           Exist
           without
           Extension
           of
           Parts
           ,
           to
           be
           whole
           in
           every
           part
           of
           the
           Symbols
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           be
           obnoxious
           to
           any
           Corporeal
           Contingencies
           ,
           they
           are
           Mysteries
           which
           will
           keep
           cold
           ,
           and
           we
           shall
           consider
           them
           by
           and
           by
           .
           The
           Thing
           to
           be
           thought
           of
           at
           present
           ,
           is
           
             A
             Supernatural
             manner
             of
             Existence
             ,
             whereby
             this
             Body
             is
             rendred
             independent
             of
             Place
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             one
             and
             the
             same
             in
             many
             Places
             at
             once
             .
          
        
         
           This
           Body
           which
           exists
           in
           a
           Supernatural
           manner
           ,
           must
           either
           ,
           (
           r.
           )
           Be
           
             every
             where
          
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           Places
           ;
           which
           manner
           of
           Existence
           is
           Immense
           and
           Infinite
           ,
           and
           peculiar
           to
           God
           alone
           .
           It
           is
           a
           Divine
           Attribute
           ;
           and
           where
           there
           is
           one
           Divine
           Attribute
           ,
           there
           are
           all
           the
           rest
           .
           But
           if
           by
           an
           Impossible
           Supposition
           this
           manner
           of
           Existence
           were
           Communicable
           to
           a
           Body
           ,
           yet
           it
           would
           not
           serve
           their
           purpose
           ;
           for
           then
           this
           Body
           would
           be
           in
           too
           many
           .
           Places
           at
           once
           ,
           in
           all
           other
           Places
           out
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           in
           it
           ;
           and
           so
           there
           would
           be
           no
           need
           of
           Priests
           to
           make
           Christ's
           Body
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           which
           would
           be
           a
           thing
           very
           inconvenient
           
           at
           least
           for
           that
           Order
           of
           Men.
           Or
           else
           (
           2.
           )
           This
           Body
           which
           is
           Independent
           of
           Place
           ,
           must
           be
           in
           
             no
             Place
          
           ;
           and
           then
           with
           its
           Supernatural
           manner
           of
           Existence
           ,
           it
           does
           not
           Exist
           at
           all
           ;
           for
           that
           which
           is
           No-where
           ,
           is
           nothing
           .
           Or
           (
           
             3
             dly
          
           and
           lastly
           )
           It
           must
           be
           somewhere
           ;
           for
           let
           the
           manner
           of
           Existence
           be
           what
           it
           will
           ,
           Natural
           ,
           or
           Supernatural
           ,
           or
           Infinite
           ,
           still
           this
           Body
           ,
           which
           is
           independent
           of
           Place
           ,
           must
           either
           be
           Every
           where
           ,
           or
           Somewhere
           ,
           or
           No
           where
           .
           If
           this
           Body
           be
           
             Every
             where
          
           ,
           as
           was
           shewed
           before
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           Infinite
           ,
           which
           is
           Blasphemy
           ;
           for
           if
           a
           Body
           may
           have
           Divine
           Attributes
           ,
           and
           be
           a
           God
           ,
           then
           God
           may
           be
           a
           Body
           .
           And
           then
           again
           ,
           if
           this
           Body
           be
           No-where
           ,
           it
           is
           Non-Existent
           and
           Nothing
           .
           And
           therefore
           it
           remains
           that
           it
           be
           Somewhere
           :
           And
           this
           is
           easily
           granted
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           said
           to
           be
           in
           many
           Places
           at
           once
           ,
           which
           is
           many
           Some-wheres
           .
           Well
           ,
           if
           it
           may
           be
           in
           many
           Places
           at
           once
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           in
           one
           of
           those
           many
           Places
           :
           This
           is
           undeniable
           ,
           and
           must
           be
           granted
           us
           .
           Let
           us
           make
           use
           therefore
           once
           again
           of
           the
           former
           Scheme
           ,
           and
           let
           this
           one
           Place
           be
           A
           ,
           and
           D
           the
           Body
           in
           it
           ;
           and
           now
           at
           last
           ,
           though
           this
           Body
           D
           be
           independent
           of
           Place
           ,
           yet
           we
           are
           sure
           of
           it
           in
           one
           Place
           ,
           for
           it
           is
           in
           A.
           But
           it
           seems
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           in
           several
           other
           places
           at
           the
           same
           time
           :
           Be
           it
           so
           ,
           and
           let
           B
           and
           C
           be
           two
           of
           those
           other
           Places
           ,
           and
           let
           D
           be
           the
           self-same
           independent
           Body
           in
           those
           Places
           ;
           and
           then
           we
           are
           haunted
           again
           with
           all
           the
           former
           Contradictions
           .
           D
           is
           in
           A
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           D
           is
           not
           in
           A
           ,
           for
           it
           is
           in
           B
           ,
           which
           is
           not
           in
           A.
           Again
           ,
           D
           is
           wholly
           in
           B
           ,
           and
           D
           is
           wholly
           out
           of
           B
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           for
           it
           is
           in
           C
           ,
           
           which
           is
           wholly
           out
           of
           B.
           So
           that
           this
           pretended
           Supernatural
           manner
           of
           Existence
           ,
           is
           full
           of
           Contradictions
           ,
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           it
           is
           Impossible
           .
           Which
           was
           to
           be
           Demonstrated
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           foregoing
           Demonstration
           I
           have
           taken
           the
           word
           Place
           in
           the
           largest
           Sense
           ,
           so
           as
           to
           contain
           Angels
           and
           Spirits
           ,
           who
           are
           Somewhere
           ,
           and
           who
           cannot
           be
           Elsewhere
           at
           the
           same
           time
           .
           And
           this
           I
           did
           on
           purpose
           to
           shew
           ,
           That
           though
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           should
           be
           present
           after
           the
           manner
           of
           a
           Spirit
           ,
           without
           filling
           a
           Place
           ,
           or
           having
           any
           relation
           to
           the
           Dimensions
           of
           it
           ,
           (
           which
           was
           the
           old
           Hypothesis
           ,
           before
           the
           Representer
           came
           with
           his
           new
           Jargon
           )
           ;
           and
           though
           it
           took
           up
           no
           more
           room
           than
           a
           Thought
           does
           in
           a
           Man's
           Mind
           ,
           yet
           it
           were
           impossible
           for
           it
           to
           be
           in
           many
           Places
           at
           once
           .
           So
           that
           if
           we
           should
           grant
           Matter
           to
           be
           Immaterial
           ,
           and
           a
           Body
           to
           be
           a
           Spirit
           ,
           yet
           the
           Papists
           are
           so
           intangled
           in
           the
           Absurdity
           of
           this
           Doctrine
           ,
           that
           it
           would
           do
           them
           no
           good
           to
           allow
           them
           half
           a
           score
           Contradictions
           ,
           neither
           would
           it
           any
           way
           relieve
           them
           ,
           or
           free
           them
           from
           the
           rest
           .
           Whereas
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           a
           Body
           is
           known
           to
           fill
           and
           possess
           the
           Place
           in
           which
           it
           is
           ,
           and
           is
           circumscribed
           by
           the
           bounds
           and
           limits
           of
           the
           Place
           ,
           which
           is
           commensurate
           to
           the
           Magnitude
           and
           Figure
           of
           the
           Body
           :
           So
           that
           if
           a
           Body
           should
           be
           in
           many
           Places
           at
           once
           ,
           it
           might
           not
           only
           have
           quite
           contrary
           Situations
           ,
           and
           be
           
             East
             ,
             West
             ,
             North
          
           ,
           and
           South
           of
           it self
           ,
           be
           above
           it self
           ,
           and
           below
           it self
           all
           at
           once
           ;
           but
           also
           it
           would
           be
           Circumscribed
           and
           
             not
             Circumscribed
          
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ;
           which
           is
           a
           very
           plain
           and
           open
           Contradiction
           .
        
         
         
           2.
           
           The
           Second
           Head
           of
           Contradictions
           are
           those
           which
           attend
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           in
           point
           of
           Time.
           Every
           thing
           that
           has
           now
           a
           Being
           ,
           either
           always
           had
           a
           Being
           ,
           and
           is
           Eternal
           ;
           which
           only
           God
           is
           ;
           or
           else
           it
           had
           a
           beginning
           of
           its
           Being
           ,
           in
           which
           it
           has
           continued
           ever
           since
           ;
           which
           is
           the
           condition
           of
           all
           Creatures
           ;
           and
           this
           Continuance
           of
           a
           Creature
           in
           Being
           we
           call
           the
           Duration
           of
           it
           ,
           which
           is
           so
           essential
           to
           all
           Substances
           ,
           whether
           Material
           or
           Immaterial
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           absolutely
           inseparable
           from
           them
           :
           For
           when
           their
           Being
           began
           ,
           their
           Duration
           began
           ;
           and
           when
           their
           Duration
           ceases
           ,
           their
           Being
           ceases
           .
           This
           Duration
           is
           counted
           by
           Days
           ,
           Months
           ,
           and
           Years
           ,
           and
           such
           like
           greater
           or
           lesser
           portions
           of
           Time
           ;
           which
           Time
           is
           nothing
           else
           but
           the
           measure
           of
           Duration
           ,
           whereby
           we
           reckon
           how
           long
           a
           Substance
           has
           continued
           or
           persevered
           in
           Being
           .
           And
           now
           we
           have
           a
           Test
           in
           our
           hands
           ,
           to
           try
           whether
           it
           be
           not
           absolutely
           impossible
           for
           the
           Transubstantiation-Body
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           to
           be
           the
           very
           Body
           of
           Christ
           ,
           which
           was
           born
           of
           the
           Virgin
           Mary
           .
        
         
           The
           Body
           which
           was
           born
           of
           the
           Virgin
           Mary
           has
           continued
           in
           Being
           1688
           years
           ;
           whereas
           the
           Body
           which
           the
           Priest
           a
           made
           yesterday
           ,
           has
           continued
           in
           Being
           but
           one
           Day
           ;
           but
           the
           Duration
           of
           one
           Day
           only
           ,
           cannot
           be
           the
           Duration
           of
           1688
           years
           :
           And
           the
           Duration
           of
           1688
           years
           is
           now
           inseparable
           from
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           born
           of
           the
           Virgin
           Mary
           ,
           for
           the
           Duration
           of
           a
           Substance
           is
           inseparable
           from
           the
           Substance
           ;
           therefore
           the
           Body
           which
           the
           Priest
           made
           yesterday
           ,
           cannot
           be
           the
           Body
           which
           was
           born
           of
           the
           Virgin
           Mary
           .
           Which
           was
           to
           be
           Demonstrated
           .
        
         
         
           Again
           ;
           If
           the
           Body
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           which
           was
           made
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           began
           to
           be
           yesterday
           ,
           is
           the
           same
           Body
           which
           has
           continued
           1688
           Years
           ,
           then
           the
           same
           Body
           continued
           1687
           Years
           ,
           and
           upwards
           ,
           before
           it
           began
           to
           be
           ;
           but
           before
           it
           began
           to
           be
           ,
           it
           was
           not
           in
           Being
           ;
           and
           consequently
           ,
           in
           every
           Minute
           during
           that
           1687
           Years
           ,
           the
           same
           Body
           was
           in
           Being
           ,
           and
           was
           not
           in
           Being
           .
           Which
           amounts
           to
           Millions
           of
           Contradictions
           .
        
         
           Once
           more
           .
           It
           must
           be
           granted
           ,
           
             That
             the
             Cause
             is
             in
             Being
             before
             the
             Effect
          
           ;
           and
           it
           would
           be
           a
           double
           Repugnancy
           to
           say
           the
           contrary
           ;
           for
           then
           the
           Effect
           would
           be
           both
           before
           it self
           ,
           for
           it
           is
           not
           an
           Effect
           till
           it
           be
           Caused
           ;
           and
           also
           before
           its
           Cause
           ,
           and
           so
           would
           be
           Caused
           by
           that
           which
           is
           not
           .
           Now
           the
           Causes
           of
           the
           Transubstantiation-Body
           are
           these
           amongst
           others
           .
           1.
           
           The
           Bread
           out
           of
           which
           it
           is
           produced
           ;
           which
           is
           so
           necessary
           ,
           that
           this
           Change
           cannot
           be
           wrought
           out
           of
           any
           other
           Substance
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           Flesh
           nor
           Fish
           ,
           Pillar
           nor
           Post
           ,
           nor
           any
           thing
           else
           that
           can
           be
           named
           ;
           and
           therefore
           this
           is
           the
           necessary
           Matter
           of
           the
           Transubstantiation
           .
           Body
           ,
           or
           the
           Cause
           
             out
             of
             which
          
           it
           is
           made
           .
           2ly
           ,
           The
           Baker
           by
           whom
           the
           Bread
           was
           made
           ;
           for
           he
           that
           is
           a
           Cause
           of
           the
           Cause
           ,
           is
           a
           Cause
           of
           the
           thing
           Caused
           .
           3ly
           ,
           The
           Marvellous
           Operator
           ,
           the
           Priest
           ,
           who
           makes
           the
           Body
           ,
           together
           with
           his
           Intention
           .
           4ly
           ,
           Which
           seems
           to
           be
           an
           Instrumental
           Cause
           ,
           his
           Pronouncing
           these
           words
           ,
           
             Hoc
             enim
             est
             Corpus
             meum
          
           ,
           in
           one
           Breath
           .
           5ly
           ,
           The
           Consideration
           which
           moved
           him
           to
           say
           a
           Mass
           at
           that
           time
           .
        
         
         
           But
           neither
           the
           Bread
           nor
           the
           Baker
           ,
           nor
           the
           Priest
           nor
           his
           Intention
           ,
           nor
           his
           Voice
           nor
           his
           Breath
           ,
           nor
           the
           Proposal
           ,
           suppose
           of
           Twelve-pence
           ,
           to
           him
           to
           say
           a
           Mass
           ;
           neither
           all
           nor
           any
           of
           these
           ,
           which
           were
           the
           Causes
           of
           that
           Transubstantiation-Body
           ,
           which
           was
           made
           yesterday
           ,
           and
           did
           contribute
           more
           or
           less
           to
           the
           producing
           of
           it
           ;
           I
           say
           ,
           none
           of
           these
           Causes
           were
           in
           Being
           an
           Hundred
           years
           ago
           :
           and
           if
           the
           Causes
           were
           not
           in
           Being
           ,
           much
           less
           was
           the
           Effect
           in
           Being
           ,
           otherwise
           the
           Effect
           must
           be
           before
           the
           Cause
           ,
           which
           is
           impossible
           .
           But
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           ,
           born
           of
           the
           Virgin
           Mary
           ,
           was
           in
           Being
           1600
           Years
           ago
           ,
           which
           is
           more
           than
           One
           hundred
           Years
           ago
           ,
           and
           this
           is
           impossible
           for
           the
           Transubstantiation-Body
           which
           was
           made
           yesterday
           ;
           therefore
           it
           is
           impossible
           for
           the
           Transubstantiation-Body
           to
           be
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           born
           of
           the
           Virgin
           
             Mary
             .
             Q.
             E.
             D.
          
           
        
         
           I
           wonder
           ,
           that
           when
           the
           Representer's
           hand
           was
           in
           ,
           and
           he
           had
           made
           Christ's
           Body
           
             Independent
             of
             Place
          
           ,
           he
           had
           not
           likewise
           made
           it
           
             Independent
             of
             Time
          
           ,
           for
           that
           was
           full
           as
           necessary
           to
           be
           done
           as
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           Third
           Head
           of
           Contradictions
           are
           those
           which
           relate
           to
           Quantity
           ;
           under
           which
           Head
           I
           was
           going
           to
           Demonstrate
           ,
           That
           the
           same
           Body
           cannot
           at
           the
           same
           time
           be
           Bigger
           and
           Less
           than
           it self
           ;
           That
           it
           cannot
           be
           an
           Organized
           Humane
           Body
           ,
           Five
           Foot
           and
           an
           half
           long
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           bestowed
           within
           the
           Compass
           of
           a
           Wafer
           no
           bigger
           than
           a
           Six-pence
           ,
           nay
           within
           the
           compass
           
           of
           every
           Crumb
           of
           that
           Wafer
           ,
           though
           not
           so
           big
           as
           a
           Pins-head
           .
           But
           I
           am
           interrupted
           from
           proceeding
           any
           further
           in
           this
           Attempt
           ;
           for
           by
           a
           slight
           Conveyance
           ,
           the
           very
           Subject-Matter
           of
           my
           Demonstration
           is
           taken
           away
           ;
           and
           instead
           of
           a
           Solid
           Body
           ,
           with
           Figure
           and
           Dimensions
           ,
           with
           different
           and
           distinct
           parts
           ,
           divisible
           and
           measurable
           ,
           they
           have
           left
           me
           only
           the
           Appearance
           of
           a
           Body
           ,
           which
           no
           Demonstration
           can
           fasten
           upon
           .
           For
           they
           say
           ,
           
             That
             this
             Body
             is
             induced
             with
             a
             Supernatural
             manner
             of
             Existence
             ,
             by
             which
             being
             left
             without
             Extension
             of
             Parts
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             whole
             in
             every
             part
             of
             the
             Symbols
             ,
             and
             not
             obuoxious
             to
             any
             Corporeal
             Contingencies
             .
          
           Now
           though
           we
           cannot
           demonstrate
           any
           Property
           of
           such
           an
           incomprehensible
           Body
           as
           this
           is
           ,
           (
           no
           more
           than
           we
           can
           draw
           the
           Picture
           of
           a
           Non-entity
           ,
           or
           weigh
           it
           in
           a
           Pair
           of
           Scales
           )
           for
           it
           scorns
           and
           tramples
           upon
           all
           the
           Principles
           and
           Axioms
           of
           Euclid
           ;
           yet
           we
           may
           a
           little
           consider
           the
           Terms
           of
           Art
           by
           which
           it
           is
           exprest
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           It
           is
           
             a
             Body
             without
             Extension
             of
             Parts
             .
          
           So
           that
           it
           is
           a
           whole
           which
           has
           Parts
           ,
           though
           those
           Parts
           are
           without
           Extension
           ;
           and
           accordingly
           as
           it
           follows
           ,
           
             It
             may
             be
             whole
             in
             every
             Part
             of
             the
             Symbols
             .
          
           But
           if
           the
           Parts
           be
           without
           Extension
           ,
           so
           is
           the
           Whole
           ,
           for
           the
           Whole
           is
           nothing
           else
           but
           all
           the
           Parts
           put
           together
           .
           Now
           at
           this
           rate
           ,
           a
           Part
           is
           as
           big
           as
           the
           Whole
           ,
           and
           has
           as
           much
           Extension
           ,
           because
           either
           of
           them
           has
           none
           at
           all
           .
           Is
           this
           indeed
           the
           Body
           which
           the
           Wonder-working
           Priest
           produces
           !
           A
           Body
           without
           Extension
           is
           a
           mere
           Nothing
           ,
           and
           a
           perfect
           Contradiction
           
           in
           Terms
           ;
           for
           Extension
           is
           the
           very
           Essence
           of
           a
           Body
           ,
           and
           the
           Foundation
           of
           all
           the
           other
           Properties
           that
           are
           in
           it
           ;
           the
           3
           Dimensions
           ,
           as
           also
           Figure
           ,
           Divisibility
           ,
           and
           Impenetrability
           ,
           do
           all
           flow
           from
           it
           .
           Again
           ;
           so
           much
           as
           you
           add
           to
           the
           Quantity
           of
           a
           Body
           ,
           so
           much
           you
           add
           to
           the
           Substance
           ;
           and
           so
           much
           of
           the
           Extension
           as
           you
           take
           away
           ,
           just
           so
           much
           of
           the
           Substance
           goes
           along
           with
           it
           .
           In
           a
           word
           ,
           Body
           and
           Extension
           are
           Reciprocal
           ,
           for
           every
           Body
           is
           an
           extended
           Substance
           ,
           and
           every
           extended
           Substance
           is
           a
           Body
           ;
           so
           that
           they
           are
           but
           different
           Names
           for
           the
           same
           thing
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           This
           Body
           is
           
             whole
             in
             every
             part
             of
             the
             Symbols
             ,
          
           that
           is
           of
           the
           Elements
           of
           Bread
           and
           Wine
           .
           But
           the
           Bread
           has
           ,
           suppose
           ,
           an
           Hundred
           distinct
           Parts
           ,
           one
           of
           which
           is
           not
           the
           other
           ,
           and
           therefore
           this
           Body
           being
           Whole
           in
           every
           distinct
           Part
           ,
           has
           an
           Hundred
           distinct
           Wholes
           ,
           one
           of
           which
           is
           not
           the
           other
           ,
           and
           yet
           is
           but
           One
           Body
           all
           the
           while
           ,
           which
           ,
           as
           I
           take
           it
           ,
           is
           Contradiction
           by
           whole-sale
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           This
           Body
           
             is
             not
             Obnoxious
             to
             any
             Corporeal
             Contingencies
             .
          
           If
           it
           be
           a
           Body
           ,
           what
           may
           happen
           to
           one
           Body
           ,
           may
           happen
           to
           another
           .
           To
           use
           Terence's
           words
           in
           this
           case
           ,
           
             Homo
             sum
             nihil
             Humanum
             a
             me
             alienum
             puto
             :
          
           I
           am
           a
           Man
           ,
           and
           what
           is
           incident
           to
           a
           Man
           ,
           is
           incident
           to
           me
           .
           And
           so
           if
           a
           Body
           could
           speak
           ,
           it
           would
           say
           ,
           
             Corpus
             sum
             nihil
             corporeum
             a
             me
             alienum
             puto
          
           ;
           I
           am
           a
           body
           ,
           and
           what
           belongs
           to
           a
           body
           ,
           belongs
           to
           me
           .
           Whatever
           body
           is
           subject
           to
           be
           eaten
           ,
           is
           subject
           to
           be
           
           pressed
           and
           grinded
           with
           the
           Teeth
           ,
           to
           be
           swallowed
           down
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           voided
           ;
           and
           I
           suppose
           this
           last
           Clause
           was
           added
           on
           purpose
           to
           avoid
           such
           Inconveniencies
           ,
           and
           to
           save
           the
           Honour
           of
           this
           body
           ,
           which
           they
           call
           
             God's
             Body
          
           :
           but
           in
           my
           Opinion
           it
           was
           a
           needless
           Clause
           ,
           for
           a
           Body
           without
           Extension
           can
           never
           take
           hurt
           ,
           nor
           come
           to
           any
           damage
           at
           all
           .
           For
           a
           man
           may
           bite
           till
           his
           Jaws
           ake
           ,
           and
           grind
           all
           his
           Teeth
           out
           of
           his
           Head
           ,
           before
           he
           can
           fasten
           upon
           that
           which
           is
           not
           ,
           and
           which
           never
           yet
           had
           any
           Existence
           in
           the
           world
           ,
           save
           in
           a
           parcel
           of
           insignificant
           words
           ill
           put
           together
           on
           purpose
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           an
           endless
           thing
           to
           encounter
           shadows
           ,
           and
           to
           oppose
           these
           manifest
           Impossibilities
           ,
           which
           are
           so
           contrary
           to
           the
           Reason
           of
           Manking
           ,
           that
           the
           Papists
           themselves
           own
           they
           would
           not
           hold
           them
           ,
           were
           it
           not
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           Revelation
           :
           which
           is
           to
           be
           believed
           ,
           they
           say
           ,
           before
           Reason
           ,
           and
           ought
           to
           outweigh
           all
           other
           Reasons
           .
           They
           are
           over-ruled
           ,
           they
           say
           ,
           in
           this
           case
           ,
           by
           the
           express
           words
           of
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           same
           night
           in
           which
           he
           was
           betrayed
           ,
           took
           Bread
           ,
           and
           said
           ,
           
             Take
             ,
             Eat
             ,
             This
             is
             my
             Body
             ,
             do
             this
             in
             Remembrance
             of
             me
          
           ;
           And
           who
           has
           all
           Power
           in
           Heaven
           and
           Earth
           to
           make
           his
           words
           good
           .
           We
           allow
           these
           words
           to
           be
           our
           Saviour's
           ;
           neither
           do
           we
           question
           his
           Power
           ,
           but
           conclude
           ,
           That
           he
           accomplished
           all
           that
           he
           intended
           ,
           and
           did
           make
           the
           bread
           his
           body
           in
           that
           sense
           in
           which
           he
           meant
           it
           should
           be
           .
           So
           far
           we
           are
           agreed
           on
           both
           sides
           .
           The
           Question
           therefore
           in
           short
           is
           
           this
           ,
           What
           he
           did
           to
           the
           bread
           ,
           when
           he
           said
           ,
           
             This
             is
             my
             Body
          
           ?
           Whether
           he
           Metamorphosed
           and
           changed
           the
           nature
           of
           it
           ?
           or
           only
           altered
           the
           use
           of
           it
           ,
           that
           it
           might
           be
           a
           Token
           of
           his
           body
           ,
           and
           serve
           to
           remember
           him
           by
           ,
           to
           all
           those
           excellent
           purposes
           of
           Religion
           ,
           which
           we
           acknowledg
           to
           be
           design'd
           by
           him
           .
        
         
           The
           latter
           is
           undoubtedly
           the
           true
           sense
           ,
           considering
           all
           the
           circumstances
           of
           the
           place
           .
           As
           (
           1st
           .
           )
           considering
           that
           our
           Saviour
           was
           upon
           his
           Departure
           ,
           at
           which
           time
           men
           use
           to
           leave
           Memorials
           of
           themselves
           with
           their
           Friends
           ,
           to
           be
           Remembred
           by
           in
           their
           Absence
           .
           (
           2ly
           .
           )
           Considering
           that
           the
           Frequent
           use
           of
           the
           world
           Is
           ,
           imports
           no
           more
           than
           Signifies
           .
           As
           in
           very
           many
           Places
           ,
           where
           the
           Scripture
           says
           one
           thing
           is
           another
           ,
           it
           means
           only
           that
           that
           thing
           must
           be
           Expounded
           by
           the
           Other
           ,
           it
           signifies
           or
           stands
           for
           the
           other
           :
           And
           consequently
           ,
           
             This
             is
             my
             Body
          
           ,
           i.
           e.
           This
           signifies
           my
           body
           ,
           is
           the
           Literal
           sense
           .
           And
           (
           3ly
           ,
           )
           considering
           that
           Clause
           which
           shews
           the
           end
           and
           meaning
           of
           this
           whole
           passage
           ,
           and
           is
           the
           very
           Key
           to
           unlock
           it
           ,
           
             Do
             this
             in
             Remembrance
             of
             me
             .
          
           For
           it
           is
           an
           absurd
           speech
           to
           say
           ,
           Take
           my
           body
           in
           Remembrance
           of
           my
           body
           ;
           Take
           me
           for
           a
           Token
           to
           Remember
           me
           by
           .
           So
           that
           if
           there
           were
           not
           one
           Contradiction
           or
           Impossibility
           ,
           or
           any
           such
           Rock
           to
           be
           shunned
           in
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           yet
           every
           thing
           in
           the
           Text
           leads
           us
           into
           this
           sense
           ,
           which
           I
           have
           now
           delivered
           :
           We
           are
           plainly
           determined
           to
           this
           sense
           ,
           by
           reasons
           taken
           out
           of
           the
           very
           bowels
           of
           the
           Text
           ;
           the
           Text
           expounds
           its
           self
           .
        
         
         
           But
           still
           the
           Papists
           are
           very
           urgent
           and
           pressing
           upon
           us
           ,
           and
           say
           ,
           That
           unless
           we
           believe
           the
           Bread
           to
           be
           changed
           into
           Christ's
           Real
           and
           Natural
           Body
           ,
           when
           he
           says
           it
           Is
           his
           body
           ,
           we
           make
           him
           a
           Lyar.
           Take
           heed
           of
           that
           .
           For
           our
           Saviour
           calls
           many
           things
           by
           the
           name
           of
           those
           things
           ,
           into
           which
           they
           never
           were
           substantially
           changed
           .
           He
           called
           his
           body
           a
           Temple
           ,
           when
           he
           said
           ,
           
             Destroy
             this
             Temple
             ,
             and
             in
             three
             days
             I
             will
             rear
             it
             up
             :
          
           And
           yet
           his
           Body
           was
           never
           substantially
           changed
           into
           a
           Pile
           of
           Building
           .
           And
           so
           likewise
           when
           that
           Temple
           was
           in
           destroying
           ,
           and
           our
           Blessed
           Redeemer
           was
           hanging
           upon
           the
           Cross
           ,
           we
           have
           a
           marvellous
           tender
           passage
           of
           his
           dutiful
           care
           to
           provide
           for
           his
           Mother
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           in
           the
           extremity
           of
           his
           sufferings
           ,
           John
           19.
           26
           ,
           27.
           seeing
           his
           Mother
           and
           his
           Disciple
           John
           standing
           together
           by
           the
           Cross
           ,
           he
           said
           to
           her
           ,
           
             Woman
             ,
             behold
             thy
             Son.
          
           Which
           was
           equivalent
           to
           this
           Proposition
           ,
           That
           Man
           is
           thy
           Son.
           And
           he
           said
           to
           
             John
             ,
             Behold
             thy
             Mother
          
           ;
           wherein
           he
           calls
           the
           Virgin
           
             Mary
             ,
             John's
          
           Mother
           ,
           which
           she
           was
           not
           .
           But
           upon
           this
           John
           took
           her
           for
           his
           Mother
           ,
           
             and
             carried
             her
             home
             to
             his
             own
             House
             .
          
           And
           so
           in
           this
           present
           case
           ,
           
             This
             is
             my
             Body
          
           .
           Look
           not
           upon
           this
           as
           common
           Bread
           ,
           for
           it
           stands
           for
           my
           body
           ;
           consider
           it
           under
           that
           notion
           ,
           and
           remember
           me
           by
           it
           .
           
             Behold
             thy
             Mother
          
           :
           Repute
           her
           as
           such
           .
           But
           if
           it
           be
           a
           Reflection
           upon
           our
           Saviour
           to
           say
           that
           it
           is
           bread
           ,
           when
           he
           calls
           it
           his
           body
           ,
           is
           it
           not
           the
           same
           Reflection
           upon
           Saint
           Paul
           to
           say
           ,
           That
           it
           is
           not
           bread
           ,
           when
           he
           calls
           it
           bread
           three
           or
           four
           times
           over
           ?
           1
           Cor.
           11.
           
        
         
         
           No
           ,
           no
           ,
           it
           was
           not
           Scripture
           which
           led
           the
           Papists
           into
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           ;
           but
           by
           engaging
           themselves
           in
           the
           defence
           of
           Image-worship
           ,
           they
           were
           betrayed
           into
           it
           ;
           and
           were
           driven
           to
           take
           shelter
           and
           sanctuary
           in
           it
           ,
           to
           avoid
           the
           force
           of
           an
           Argument
           which
           they
           could
           not
           otherwise
           answer
           .
           Every
           body
           knows
           ,
           that
           when
           Image-worship
           was
           first
           set
           up
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           great
           number
           of
           Christians
           who
           stoutly
           opposed
           it
           ,
           and
           gathered
           Councils
           to
           condemn
           it
           ;
           and
           these
           went
           by
           the
           name
           of
           Image-Breakers
           .
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           the
           Image-worshippers
           were
           furiously
           bent
           upon
           it
           ,
           and
           gathered
           Councils
           to
           maintain
           it
           ,
           particularly
           that
           famous
           one
           of
           Blessed
           Memory
           ,
           the
           second
           Nicene
           Council
           .
           In
           these
           Oppositions
           and
           Disputes
           ,
           one
           Argument
           which
           the
           Image-breakers
           made
           use
           of
           in
           Reference
           to
           the
           Images
           of
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           was
           this
           .
           If
           our
           Saviour
           has
           left
           one
           Image
           of
           himself
           ,
           which
           is
           of
           Divine
           Institution
           ,
           then
           it
           is
           not
           lawful
           to
           erect
           other
           Images
           of
           him
           which
           are
           of
           humane
           invention
           ;
           but
           he
           has
           left
           one
           Image
           of
           himself
           ,
           (
           namely
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           )
           which
           is
           of
           Divine
           Institution
           ,
           Ergo.
           To
           make
           it
           good
           ,
           That
           the
           Sacrament
           was
           an
           Image
           of
           our
           Saviour
           of
           his
           own
           Appointment
           ,
           they
           shew
           that
           all
           the
           Ancient
           Fathers
           had
           called
           it
           the
           Image
           ,
           the
           Figure
           ,
           the
           Type
           ,
           the
           Antitype
           ,
           the
           Resemblance
           or
           Representation
           of
           our
           Saviour
           .
           This
           very
           Argument
           was
           used
           by
           the
           preceding
           Council
           at
           Constantinople
           ,
           and
           is
           recited
           by
           the
           Nicene
           Council
           ,
           which
           was
           presently
           after
           .
           But
           how
           does
           the
           Nicene
           Council
           answer
           it
           ?
           They
           could
           not
           deny
           the
           Major
           Proposition
           ,
           and
           therefore
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           break
           through
           the
           Minor
           after
           this
           fashion
           :
           They
           say
           
           that
           the
           Sacrament
           is
           not
           the
           Image
           ,
           Resemblance
           ,
           Figure
           ,
           Type
           ,
           Antitype
           of
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           but
           his
           own
           Body
           ;
           for
           he
           himself
           expresly
           says
           ,
           
             Hoc
             est
             corpus
             meum
          
           .
           It
           is
           not
           therefore
           an
           Image
           or
           Figure
           of
           him
           ,
           but
           it
           is
           he
           himself
           in
           Person
           .
           And
           thus
           they
           rescued
           and
           disengaged
           themselves
           from
           a
           very
           close
           and
           distressing
           Argument
           ,
           and
           so
           their
           show
           of
           Image-worship
           went
           on
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           the
           first
           time
           that
           the
           Literal
           Interpretation
           ,
           as
           they
           call
           it
           ,
           of
           
             Hoc
             est
             corpus
             meum
          
           ,
           is
           to
           be
           met
           with
           ,
           which
           it
           is
           plain
           likewise
           the
           former
           Council
           was
           not
           aware
           of
           ;
           for
           if
           they
           could
           have
           foreseen
           so
           full
           and
           so
           ready
           an
           Answer
           ,
           common
           sense
           would
           never
           have
           suffered
           them
           to
           make
           use
           of
           that
           Argument
           .
           Now
           after
           the
           Literal
           Interpretation
           was
           thus
           broached
           to
           serve
           a
           present
           turn
           ,
           and
           they
           had
           used
           it
           as
           a
           man
           does
           the
           next
           thing
           that
           comes
           to
           hand
           ,
           to
           stop
           a
           gap
           ,
           it
           was
           yet
           a
           long
           time
           before
           Transubstantiation
           was
           imposed
           as
           a
           Doctrine
           of
           Faith
           :
           It
           had
           done
           good
           service
           in
           solving
           an
           Argument
           ,
           and
           the
           Image-Breakers
           were
           all
           broken
           and
           destroyed
           themselves
           ,
           and
           therefore
           there
           was
           no
           further
           occasion
           for
           it
           .
           But
           in
           process
           of
           time
           they
           could
           not
           but
           discover
           many
           other
           advantages
           in
           it
           ;
           as
           ,
           amongst
           the
           rest
           ,
           That
           it
           would
           deck
           the
           Priesthood
           with
           the
           highest
           honour
           in
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           advance
           them
           above
           all
           Thrones
           and
           Crowned
           Heads
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           once
           believed
           that
           they
           could
           make
           their
           Maker
           when
           they
           pleased
           .
           And
           therefore
           it
           is
           no
           wonder
           that
           they
           were
           so
           very
           sharp
           upon
           Berengarius
           ,
           when
           he
           set
           himself
           to
           oppose
           it
           .
           And
           from
           that
           
           time
           forwards
           they
           were
           forming
           this
           Doctrine
           into
           shape
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           ,
           four
           hundred
           and
           odd
           years
           after
           the
           first
           invention
           of
           it
           ,
           it
           was
           made
           an
           Article
           of
           Faith
           in
           the
           Great
           Lateran
           Council
           ,
           and
           Christened
           by
           the
           name
           of
           Transubstantiation
           .
           This
           was
           done
           by
           a
           good
           Token
           in
           King
           John's
           time
           ,
           when
           the
           Pope
           made
           himself
           Landlord
           of
           the
           Realm
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           put
           it
           under
           a
           servile
           Tribute
           ,
           which
           lasted
           for
           several
           Kings
           Reigns
           .
           Thus
           you
           see
           the
           Rise
           of
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           which
           came
           not
           into
           the
           world
           by
           the
           Papists
           sticking
           close
           to
           the
           Scripture
           ;
           but
           by
           their
           cleaving
           to
           the
           Idolatry
           of
           Image-worship
           ;
           whereby
           they
           are
           faln
           ,
           according
           to
           David's
           imprecation
           ,
           
             from
             one
             wickedness
             to
             another
          
           ;
           And
           to
           the
           Worship
           of
           their
           Holy
           Images
           ,
           they
           have
           joyned
           the
           Idolatry
           of
           Host-worship
           .
        
         
           But
           what
           we
           call
           an
           Idol
           ,
           that
           they
           say
           is
           God's
           Body
           ,
           which
           they
           affirm
           to
           be
           the
           plain
           and
           literal
           sense
           of
           those
           words
           ,
           
             This
             is
             my
             Body
          
           ;
           let
           us
           therefore
           see
           at
           last
           what
           their
           Literal
           Exposition
           is
           .
           Now
           it
           runs
           after
           this
           manner
           .
           This
           which
           I
           now
           give
           you
           to
           eat
           was
           lately
           Bread
           ,
           but
           I
           have
           changed
           the
           substance
           of
           the
           Bread
           into
           the
           self-same
           Body
           with
           which
           I
           now
           deliver
           it
           to
           you
           :
           I
           tell
           you
           the
           late
           Bread
           is
           I
           my self
           ,
           it
           is
           mine
           own
           Body
           .
           *
           For
           in
           that
           which
           you
           now
           have
           in
           your
           hands
           ,
           assure
           your selves
           there
           †
           is
           whole
           Christ
           ;
           I
           am
           there
           Body
           and
           Soul
           ,
           yea
           ,
           and
           my
           Divinity
           is
           there
           also
           :
           So
           that
           there
           is
           contained
           under
           the
           appearance
           of
           that
           bit
           of
           Bread
           ,
           my
           Divine
           Nature
           ,
           and
           my
           whole
           Humane
           Nature
           which
           consists
           of
           my
           Soul
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           parts
           of
           my
           Body
           ,
           together
           with
           my
           Blood.
           
           My
           true
           real
           Natural
           Body
           which
           was
           born
           of
           the
           Virgin
           Mary
           is
           there
           ,
           together
           with
           whatsoever
           belongs
           to
           a
           true
           Humane
           Body
           ,
           as
           Bones
           and
           Sinews
           .
           You
           will
           say
           that
           notwithstanding
           all
           that
           I
           have
           said
           ,
           it
           appears
           to
           be
           Bread
           still
           .
           That
           is
           true
           ;
           for
           though
           the
           substance
           of
           the
           Bread
           be
           gone
           ,
           yet
           the
           figure
           ,
           colour
           ,
           smell
           ,
           taste
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           other
           Qualities
           and
           Conditions
           of
           the
           Bread
           remain
           ,
           and
           †
           hang
           by
           Geometry
           .
           ||
           And
           this
           I
           have
           most
           wisely
           ordered
           :
           For
           these
           Accidents
           of
           Bread
           disguise
           my
           Body
           ,
           That
           it
           may
           the
           better
           go
           down
           ,
           and
           that
           you
           may
           not
           be
           filled
           with
           Horror
           at
           the
           eating
           of
           Man's
           flesh
           ,
           which
           humane
           nature
           detests
           .
           And
           then
           besides
           ,
           what
           would
           the
           Infidel
           world
           say
           ,
           if
           they
           saw
           you
           devouring
           your
           Lord
           ,
           and
           eating
           him
           up
           in
           his
           own
           shape
           ?
           And
           lastly
           ,
           this
           way
           of
           Receiving
           of
           my
           Body
           ,
           the
           more
           remote
           it
           is
           from
           your
           senses
           ,
           the
           better
           it
           is
           for
           the
           improvement
           of
           your
           Faith
           ,
           and
           will
           make
           it
           the
           more
           Meritorious
           .
           But
           you
           will
           wonder
           ,
           especially
           now
           I
           am
           by
           in
           Person
           ,
           and
           you
           have
           an
           opportunity
           of
           comparing
           this
           one
           same
           Body
           together
           ,
           how
           this
           large
           Body
           which
           you
           see
           is
           at
           least
           five
           Foot
           and
           a
           half
           long
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           proportionable
           bulk
           ,
           can
           be
           contained
           at
           the
           same
           time
           within
           the
           compass
           of
           a
           small
           crumb
           of
           Bread
           ,
           without
           any
           Alteration
           at
           all
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           the
           self-same
           body
           within
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           without
           .
           Now
           you
           may
           soon
           be
           satisfied
           in
           that
           Point
           .
           †
           For
           as
           I
           am
           now
           sitting
           at
           Table
           ,
           I
           am
           in
           the
           condition
           of
           other
           bodies
           which
           are
           in
           a
           place
           ,
           which
           are
           always
           endued
           with
           Magnitude
           ;
           but
           the
           other
           same
           I
           
           which
           am
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           am
           not
           as
           in
           a
           place
           ,
           but
           I
           am
           there
           as
           a
           substance
           ,
           and
           under
           that
           notion
           I
           am
           neither
           big
           nor
           little
           ,
           for
           that
           belongs
           to
           Quantity
           ,
           which
           is
           in
           another
           Predicament
           .
           For
           the
           substance
           of
           the
           Bread
           is
           turned
           into
           my
           substance
           ,
           not
           into
           my
           Magnitude
           or
           Quantity
           .
           Now
           no
           body
           doubts
           but
           a
           substance
           may
           be
           contained
           in
           a
           little
           room
           as
           well
           as
           in
           a
           great
           .
           For
           both
           the
           substance
           of
           Air
           ,
           and
           its
           whole
           Nature
           ,
           must
           be
           alike
           in
           a
           small
           portion
           of
           Air
           as
           in
           a
           greater
           ,
           as
           also
           the
           whole
           nature
           of
           Water
           no
           less
           in
           a
           small
           Pitcher
           ,
           than
           in
           a
           River
           .
           Seeing
           therefore
           that
           my
           Body
           succeeds
           and
           comes
           in
           the
           place
           of
           the
           substance
           of
           the
           bread
           ,
           you
           must
           acknowledg
           ,
           That
           my
           Body
           is
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           plainly
           after
           the
           same
           manner
           ,
           as
           the
           substance
           of
           the
           bread
           was
           before
           the
           Consecration
           .
           But
           to
           say
           ,
           whether
           the
           substance
           of
           the
           bread
           was
           under
           a
           greater
           bulk
           ,
           or
           under
           a
           less
           ,
           was
           nothing
           at
           all
           to
           the
           thing
           .
        
         
           Now
           this
           Exposition
           of
           these
           words
           ,
           
             This
             is
             my
             Body
          
           ,
           is
           an
           Authentick
           and
           Infallible
           Exposition
           ,
           for
           it
           is
           the
           very
           Interpretation
           of
           them
           which
           the
           Romish
           Church
           delivers
           to
           all
           her
           Parish
           Priests
           in
           the
           Trent-Catechism
           ,
           which
           was
           written
           on
           purpose
           for
           their
           instruction
           ;
           so
           that
           I
           have
           taken
           it
           from
           the
           Fountain
           head
           ,
           and
           have
           it
           at
           the
           first
           hand
           .
           This
           they
           say
           is
           the
           meaning
           of
           those
           words
           of
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           
             This
             is
             my
             Body
          
           ;
           and
           therefore
           they
           make
           our
           Saviour
           to
           say
           all
           this
           :
           which
           is
           such
           a
           sense
           of
           his
           words
           ,
           as
           any
           considerate
           Christian
           would
           sooner
           die
           ,
           than
           put
           it
           upon
           them
           .
        
         
         
           Is
           this
           the
           Literal
           Sense
           and
           proper
           Meaning
           of
           na
           Organized
           Human
           Body
           ,
           That
           it
           has
           no
           Magnitude
           ,
           and
           is
           neither
           Little
           nor
           Big
           ?
           That
           it
           is
           a
           Solid
           ,
           Massy
           Bulk
           ,
           consisting
           of
           Flesh
           and
           Blood
           ,
           Bones
           and
           Sinews
           ,
           and
           yet
           can
           be
           perceived
           by
           no
           Sense
           ;
           can
           neither
           be
           seen
           ,
           felt
           ,
           nor
           understood
           ,
           but
           only
           Believed
           ?
           That
           it
           has
           a
           Head
           ,
           Trunk
           ,
           and
           Four
           large
           Limbs
           ,
           which
           may
           all
           be
           contained
           in
           the
           compass
           of
           a
           Pins-head
           ;
           which
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Letter
           ,
           will
           not
           hold
           the
           Fourth
           part
           of
           a
           Little
           finger
           Nail
           ?
           Methinks
           these
           are
           all
           strange
           Figures
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           harsh
           Abuses
           of
           Speech
           imaginable
           .
           At
           this
           rate
           ,
           the
           Literal
           Sense
           of
           East
           ,
           is
           West
           ,
           and
           the
           Literal
           Sense
           of
           Noon-day
           is
           Midnight
           .
           The
           
             Private
             Spirit
          
           never
           made
           such
           Expositions
           as
           these
           ,
           neither
           would
           any
           man
           alive
           receive
           them
           ,
           if
           he
           were
           not
           first
           Practis'd
           upon
           ,
           and
           his
           Belief
           widened
           for
           that
           Purpose
           .
           We
           have
           an
           Instance
           of
           these
           Preparatory
           Arts
           in
           the
           42d
           Section
           ,
           where
           the
           Pastors
           are
           charged
           if
           they
           cannot
           otherwise
           avoid
           discoursing
           of
           these
           Matters
           ,
           
             To
             remember
             in
             the
             first
             place
             that
             they
             fore-arm
             the
             minds
             of
             the
             Faithful
             ,
             with
             that
             saying
             ,
          
           Luke
           1.
           37.
           
           
             For
             with
             God
             nothing
             shall
             be
             Impossible
             .
          
        
         
           This
           is
           neither
           better
           nor
           worse
           than
           one
           of
           their
           Pious
           Frauds
           ;
           for
           I
           am
           sure
           they
           know
           ,
           that
           this
           Scripture
           is
           very
           deceitfully
           applied
           to
           the
           Case
           of
           Transubstantiation
           .
           The
           Virgin
           Mary
           scrupled
           the
           Possibility
           of
           her
           being
           a
           Mother
           when
           she
           knew
           not
           a
           Man
           ,
           and
           asked
           ,
           
             How
             this
             thing
             could
             be
          
           ?
           Upon
           this
           the
           Angel
           told
           her
           ,
           That
           the
           
             most
             High
          
           would
           employ
           his
           Power
           in
           it
           ,
           and
           bring
           it
           to
           pass
           in
           an
           extraordinary
           way
           ,
           to
           whom
           nothing
           was
           
           Impossible
           :
           And
           the
           Omnipotence
           of
           God
           was
           a
           just
           ground
           of
           her
           Belief
           upon
           this
           occasion
           ,
           who
           very
           well
           knew
           ,
           That
           as
           God
           had
           made
           the
           First
           Adam
           ,
           so
           if
           he
           pleased
           he
           could
           make
           the
           Second
           ,
           without
           the
           Concurrence
           of
           either
           Man
           or
           Woman
           ;
           and
           as
           he
           had
           formed
           Eve
           of
           her
           Husband's
           Rib
           ,
           so
           he
           could
           make
           the
           Messiah
           of
           the
           Substance
           of
           his
           Mother
           .
           So
           that
           tho
           this
           was
           beside
           the
           common
           Course
           of
           Nature
           ,
           yet
           God
           was
           not
           tyed
           to
           that
           ;
           for
           what
           he
           had
           done
           ,
           he
           might
           do
           again
           .
           But
           what
           Argument
           is
           this
           to
           induce
           the
           belief
           of
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           which
           involves
           manifold
           Contradictions
           ,
           which
           the
           Papists
           themselves
           acknowledg
           do
           not
           fall
           under
           the
           Divine
           Power
           ?
           They
           themselves
           know
           full
           well
           that
           the
           Scripture
           says
           ,
           
             It
             is
             Impossible
             for
             God
             to
             Lye
             ,
          
           to
           whom
           nothing
           is
           Impossible
           :
           and
           he
           who
           can
           do
           all
           things
           ,
           
             cannot
             deny
             himself
          
           ,
           because
           these
           are
           Contradictions
           to
           his
           own
           Being
           .
           And
           for
           the
           like
           reason
           they
           know
           that
           he
           cannot
           make
           a
           Contradiction
           in
           any
           kind
           ,
           because
           a
           Contradiction
           destroys
           it self
           ,
           it
           has
           within
           it self
           an
           utter
           Repugnance
           to
           Being
           .
           To
           make
           a
           Thing
           to
           be
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           be
           ,
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           is
           such
           an
           Inconsistency
           ,
           that
           one
           part
           of
           it
           overthrows
           the
           other
           ;
           and
           therefore
           it
           is
           no
           Act
           of
           Possibility
           ,
           but
           is
           an
           utter
           Impossibility
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Contradiction
           of
           all
           Power
           ,
           even
           of
           that
           which
           is
           Infinite
           .
           Methinks
           St.
           Austin
           very
           well
           lays
           open
           the
           Reason
           ,
           why
           an
           Almighty
           Power
           cannot
           make
           a
           Contradiction
           .
           
             Contra
             Faustum
          
           l.
           26.
           c.
           5.
           
           
             Quisquis
             dicit
             ,
             si
             Omnipotens
             est
             Deus
             ,
             faciat
             ut
             quae
             facta
             sunt
             facta
             non
             fuerint
             ,
             non
             videt
             hoc
             se
             dicere
             ,
             si
             Omnipotens
             est
             ,
             faciat
             ut
             ea
          
           
           
             quae
             ver
             a
             sunt
             ,
             eo
             ipso
             quo
             vera
             sunt
             ,
             falsa
             sint
             .
          
           Whosoever
           says
           ,
           If
           God
           be
           Almighty
           ,
           let
           him
           make
           those
           things
           which
           have
           been
           Done
           ,
           never
           to
           have
           been
           done
           ,
           does
           not
           see
           that
           he
           says
           this
           in
           other
           words
           ,
           If
           he
           be
           Almighty
           ,
           let
           him
           make
           the
           things
           which
           are
           True
           ,
           to
           be
           False
           ,
           even
           wherein
           they
           are
           True.
           So
           that
           the
           Angel
           does
           not
           tell
           us
           in
           this
           Text
           ,
           That
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           
             shall
             not
             be
             Impossible
             with
             God
          
           ;
           he
           does
           not
           tell
           us
           that
           God
           can
           make
           a
           Heap
           of
           Contradictions
           :
           No
           ,
           for
           if
           all
           the
           Angels
           of
           Heaven
           (
           according
           to
           St.
           Austin's
           Expression
           )
           should
           say
           ,
           
             That
             a
             Thing
             may
             be
             False
             ,
             even
             wherein
             it
             is
             True
          
           ;
           so
           may
           what
           they
           say
           be
           ,
           and
           consequently
           there
           is
           no
           believing
           of
           them
           ,
           nor
           indeed
           of
           any
           Being
           in
           the
           World
           upon
           those
           Terms
           .
           We
           are
           able
           therefore
           to
           bring
           their
           Expositions
           of
           Scripture
           upon
           this
           occasion
           ,
           to
           this
           Infallible
           Test.
           If
           they
           contain
           in
           them
           things
           Contradictious
           and
           Impossible
           ,
           then
           they
           are
           not
           the
           True
           Sense
           and
           Meaning
           of
           that
           Revelation
           which
           came
           from
           God
           ,
           for
           if
           he
           cannot
           Do
           an
           Impossibility
           ,
           neither
           can
           he
           Say
           it
           .
        
         
           And
           just
           such
           as
           their
           Divinity
           Expositions
           are
           ,
           so
           deceitful
           are
           their
           Philosophical
           Illustrations
           :
           As
           particularly
           ,
           when
           they
           shew
           ,
           how
           the
           whole
           Body
           of
           Christ
           may
           be
           in
           the
           least
           Particle
           ,
           or
           Crumbling
           of
           the
           Bread
           ,
           by
           the
           Two
           Instances
           of
           Air
           and
           Water
           .
           Their
           words
           are
           these
           ,
           
             The
             Substance
             of
             Bread
             is
             turned
             into
             the
             Substance
             
             of
             Christ
             ,
             not
             into
             his
             Magnitude
             or
             Quantity
             .
             Now
             no
             body
             doubts
             but
             a
             Substance
             
             may
             be
             contained
             in
             a
             little
             room
             as
             well
             as
             in
             a
             great
             .
             For
             both
             the
             Substance
             of
             Air
             ,
             and
             its
             whole
             Nature
             ,
             must
             be
             alike
             in
             a
             small
             portion
             of
             Air
             ,
             as
             in
             a
             greater
             ;
             as
             also
             the
             whole
             Nature
             of
             Water
             ,
             no
             less
             in
             a
             small
             Pitcherful
             ,
             than
             in
             a
             River
             .
          
           In
           these
           words
           there
           are
           no
           less
           than
           two
           Egregious
           Fallacies
           .
           For
           ,
           1.
           
           Their
           Instances
           are
           of
           Homogeneous
           or
           Similar
           Bodies
           ,
           that
           is
           such
           Bodies
           whose
           Parts
           are
           all
           Alike
           ,
           and
           which
           have
           the
           same
           Name
           and
           Nature
           ;
           so
           every
           Part
           of
           Air
           is
           Air
           ,
           and
           every
           drop
           of
           Water
           is
           Water
           ,
           and
           has
           the
           whole
           Nature
           of
           Water
           in
           it
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           that
           Aggregate
           Body
           of
           it
           ,
           which
           is
           in
           the
           Ocean
           :
           But
           these
           Instances
           are
           very
           deceitfully
           applied
           to
           an
           Heterogeneous
           Dissimilar
           Organized
           Body
           ,
           as
           a
           Human
           Body
           is
           ,
           which
           consists
           of
           Parts
           altogether
           Unlike
           ,
           and
           of
           Different
           Names
           and
           Natures
           .
           For
           Bone
           is
           not
           Flesh
           ,
           nor
           either
           of
           them
           Blood
           ,
           nor
           any
           of
           them
           Brain
           .
           The
           Thumb-nail
           has
           not
           the
           whole
           Nature
           of
           the
           Eye
           ,
           nor
           the
           Skull
           of
           the
           Cawl
           :
           The
           Hand
           is
           not
           the
           Heart
           ,
           nor
           the
           Head
           the
           Foot.
           And
           as
           these
           Parts
           are
           of
           Different
           Natures
           ,
           so
           there
           is
           a
           Necessity
           of
           their
           keeping
           a
           considerable
           Distance
           in
           their
           Situation
           ,
           because
           there
           are
           many
           Essential
           Parts
           of
           the
           body
           interposed
           betwixt
           them
           ,
           which
           would
           otherwise
           be
           swallowed
           up
           .
        
         
           But
           2ly
           ,
           Suppose
           a
           Human
           Body
           were
           no
           Compound
           ,
           but
           as
           pure
           Element
           as
           Air
           or
           Water
           ,
           yet
           the
           same
           Substance
           could
           not
           be
           contained
           in
           a
           less
           room
           as
           well
           as
           in
           a
           greater
           .
           For
           the
           Air
           which
           
           is
           contained
           in
           a
           Bubble
           ,
           is
           indeed
           a
           Substance
           of
           Air
           ,
           but
           it
           is
           not
           the
           same
           Substance
           of
           Air
           as
           fills
           a
           Chamber
           ,
           for
           it
           is
           not
           the
           Hundredth
           part
           of
           that
           Substance
           .
           Nor
           is
           a
           Spoonful
           of
           Water
           the
           same
           Substance
           with
           an
           Hogshead
           of
           Water
           ;
           for
           an
           Hogshead
           of
           Water
           cannot
           be
           contained
           in
           a
           Spoon
           ,
           but
           is
           at
           least
           a
           Thousand
           Spoonfuls
           :
           And
           in
           common
           Arithmetick
           ,
           Units
           are
           not
           the
           same
           with
           Thousands
           .
           So
           that
           when
           they
           bring
           Air
           and
           Water
           to
           prove
           that
           the
           same
           Substance
           may
           be
           contained
           in
           a
           little
           room
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           in
           a
           greater
           ,
           their
           Proofs
           seem
           to
           partake
           of
           the
           Nature
           of
           those
           Two
           Elements
           ,
           for
           they
           are
           as
           Light
           as
           the
           one
           ,
           and
           as
           Weak
           as
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           This
           tedious
           Digression
           ,
           which
           has
           proceeded
           to
           an
           unexpected
           length
           ,
           has
           not
           been
           wholly
           Unprofitable
           ;
           for
           I
           have
           again
           recovered
           Materials
           out
           of
           the
           Infallible
           Exposition
           it self
           ,
           to
           furnish
           my
           intended
           Demonstration
           ,
           which
           I
           shall
           now
           re-assume
           .
           In
           the
           31st
           Section
           we
           are
           told
           ,
           That
           the
           Real
           Body
           of
           Christ
           is
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           and
           whatsoever
           belongs
           to
           the
           Nature
           of
           a
           Body
           ,
           as
           Bones
           and
           Sinews
           :
           And
           that
           All
           the
           Parts
           of
           the
           Body
           are
           contained
           in
           it
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           smallest
           Crumb
           of
           it
           ,
           Sect.
           42.
           
           From
           whence
           I
           gather
           ,
           That
           if
           All
           the
           Parts
           of
           the
           Body
           are
           contained
           in
           the
           smallest
           Crumb
           ,
           then
           the
           Hand
           is
           ,
           which
           is
           one
           of
           the
           Parts
           of
           the
           Body
           ;
           and
           if
           the
           whole
           Hand
           ,
           then
           all
           the
           Fingers
           and
           Thumb
           ,
           for
           they
           are
           Parts
           of
           the
           Hand
           ,
           which
           is
           Part
           of
           the
           Body
           ;
           and
           for
           the
           same
           reason
           if
           all
           the
           fingers
           ,
           then
           all
           the
           joynts
           of
           those
           fingers
           .
           Now
           I
           want
           but
           One
           
           joynt
           of
           any
           one
           Finger
           to
           manifest
           the
           Contradictions
           and
           Absurdities
           of
           this
           Doctrine
           ;
           nay
           ,
           the
           Bone
           in
           the
           first
           joynt
           of
           the
           fore
           finger
           will
           serve
           the
           Turn
           .
           Now
           a
           bone
           is
           a
           solid
           firm
           hard
           Substance
           ,
           which
           as
           to
           its
           Use
           serves
           to
           strengthen
           the
           fabrick
           of
           the
           Body
           .
           And
           if
           it
           have
           not
           these
           Properties
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           a
           Bone
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           the
           thing
           we
           speak
           of
           ;
           for
           a
           fluid
           loose
           or
           soft
           Substance
           is
           not
           a
           Bone
           ,
           neither
           will
           it
           serve
           for
           the
           above-mentioned
           Use
           in
           the
           Body
           .
           Having
           therefore
           these
           Properties
           ,
           it
           consists
           of
           Parts
           Extended
           Impenetrable
           and
           firmly
           joined
           together
           ,
           so
           that
           they
           cannot
           be
           separated
           without
           great
           force
           ,
           and
           consequently
           they
           resist
           the
           Touch
           ,
           and
           feel
           Hard.
           Besides
           ,
           this
           Bone
           in
           particular
           is
           of
           a
           Cylindrical
           Figure
           ,
           an
           Inch
           long
           ,
           and
           as
           much
           in
           compass
           round
           about
           .
           Now
           if
           any
           of
           the
           Parts
           of
           this
           bone
           be
           Diminished
           ,
           then
           All
           the
           Parts
           of
           the
           body
           are
           not
           there
           ,
           for
           the
           Parts
           of
           this
           Bone
           which
           are
           Parts
           of
           the
           body
           ,
           are
           not
           there
           :
           And
           if
           the
           Parts
           be
           Altered
           ,
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Thing
           is
           destroyed
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           not
           a
           bone
           .
        
         
           So
           that
           with
           much
           ado
           we
           have
           gained
           a
           bone
           Entire
           ,
           of
           an
           Inch
           in
           Magnitude
           ,
           which
           according
           to
           the
           Infallible
           Doctrine
           is
           contained
           in
           a
           Crumb
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           of
           the
           Compass
           of
           a
           Pins-head
           .
           Now
           the
           Fortieth
           Part
           of
           this
           bone
           is
           equal
           to
           that
           Crumb
           ,
           as
           is
           manifest
           either
           by
           applying
           them
           to
           one
           another
           ,
           or
           by
           their
           filling
           the
           same
           Place
           ;
           but
           the
           Crumb
           is
           Greater
           than
           the
           whole
           bone
           ,
           for
           it
           Contains
           it
           ,
           and
           therefore
           the
           Fortieth
           Part
           of
           the
           Bone
           is
           Greater
           than
           the
           whole
           Bone
           ,
           
           which
           is
           Impossible
           .
           So
           that
           the
           whole
           bone
           cannot
           Possibly
           be
           Contained
           in
           that
           Crumb
           ,
           but
           yet
           it
           is
           Contained
           in
           it
           ,
           which
           is
           a
           plain
           Contradiction
           .
           
             Q.
             E.
             D.
          
           
        
         
           Corollary
           .
           Now
           if
           that
           bone
           cannot
           be
           contained
           in
           such
           a
           Crumb
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           much
           less
           can
           the
           whole
           body
           ,
           for
           that
           bone
           is
           not
           the
           Five
           hundredth
           Part
           of
           the
           whole
           body
           ;
           which
           we
           have
           proved
           ,
           by
           the
           Hypothesis
           ,
           to
           be
           there
           Full
           and
           Entire
           ,
           and
           in
           its
           Just
           Dimensions
           ;
           because
           
             All
             the
             Parts
             of
             the
             body
             are
             there
             ,
          
           and
           consequently
           Every
           Part
           of
           Every
           Member
           of
           the
           body
           ,
           which
           make
           up
           the
           Integrity
           of
           the
           whole
           .
           So
           that
           we
           have
           here
           at
           Once
           about
           Twenty
           Thousand
           Contradictions
           ,
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           so
           many
           Impossibilities
           .
        
         
           Again
           ,
           This
           is
           an
           Everlasting
           Truth
           ,
           
             Those
             things
             which
             are
             Equal
             to
             One
             and
             the
             same
             thing
             ,
             are
             Equal
             to
             one
             another
             :
          
           Insomuch
           that
           all
           the
           Syllogisms
           and
           Demonstrations
           in
           the
           World
           are
           in
           a
           manner
           built
           upon
           this
           Axiome
           :
           And
           whoever
           gainsays
           it
           ,
           must
           assert
           one
           of
           these
           Two
           Things
           ,
           Either
           that
           One
           and
           the
           same
           thing
           is
           not
           the
           same
           ;
           Or
           else
           that
           what
           is
           Equal
           ,
           is
           not
           Equal
           at
           the
           same
           time
           .
           Now
           a
           body
           of
           Five
           Foot
           and
           an
           half
           long
           ,
           and
           One
           Foot
           Diameter
           ,
           is
           equal
           to
           the
           Natural
           body
           of
           Christ
           ;
           but
           a
           Crumb
           of
           bread
           less
           than
           a
           Pins-head
           is
           equal
           to
           the
           self-same
           Natural
           body
           of
           Christ
           ,
           for
           a
           Crumb
           of
           bread
           as
           big
           as
           a
           Pins-head
           is
           bigger
           than
           the
           Natural
           body
           of
           Christ
           ,
           and
           Contains
           it
           ,
           therefore
           
           a
           Crumb
           of
           bread
           less
           than
           a
           Pins-head
           ,
           is
           equal
           to
           a
           Body
           of
           Five
           Foot
           and
           an
           half
           long
           ,
           and
           One
           Foot
           Diameter
           .
        
         
           Furthermore
           ,
           by
           another
           Undeniable
           Maxim
           ,
           which
           says
           ,
           
             If
             of
             Equal
             things
             you
             take
             as
             much
             from
             the
             One
             as
             from
             the
             Other
             ,
             the
             Remainders
             shall
             be
             Equal
             ,
          
           Let
           us
           take
           the
           Quantity
           of
           a
           Pins-head
           from
           the
           Body
           of
           Five
           Foot
           and
           an
           half
           long
           ,
           and
           there
           remains
           a
           Body
           of
           Five
           Foot
           ,
           Five
           Inches
           ,
           and
           Two
           Barley
           Corns
           ,
           and
           somewhat
           better
           :
           Let
           us
           likewise
           take
           the
           same
           Quantity
           of
           a
           Pins-head
           from
           the
           Crumb
           of
           Bread
           which
           is
           less
           than
           a
           Pins-head
           ,
           and
           there
           remains
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           something
           Worse
           and
           Less
           than
           Nothing
           .
           Nevertheless
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           the
           Equal
           Remainders
           of
           Equal
           bodies
           ,
           as
           much
           having
           been
           taken
           away
           from
           the
           one
           as
           from
           the
           other
           ,
           I
           say
           that
           the
           Remainder
           of
           the
           Crumb
           is
           Equal
           to
           the
           Remainder
           of
           the
           body
           of
           Five
           Foot
           and
           an
           half
           long
           ,
           which
           is
           clearly
           impossible
           .
           
             Q.
             E.
             D.
          
           
        
         
           In
           this
           last
           Demonstration
           ,
           for
           dispatch
           sake
           ,
           I
           have
           been
           forced
           to
           do
           as
           the
           Papists
           do
           ,
           and
           to
           lay
           Contradictions
           and
           Impossibilities
           upon
           Heaps
           ,
           because
           I
           hasten
           to
           proceed
           to
           other
           Heads
           :
           Only
           I
           must
           stay
           to
           Demonstrate
           some
           Gross
           Contradictions
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           referred
           either
           to
           this
           Head
           of
           Quantity
           ,
           or
           to
           the
           former
           of
           Place
           .
        
         
           Supposing
           Christ's
           Natural
           body
           to
           be
           five
           Foot
           and
           an
           half
           long
           ,
           and
           one
           Foot
           Diameter
           ,
           
           if
           the
           self-same
           body
           be
           in
           another
           place
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           where
           ever
           it
           is
           ,
           the
           self-same
           body
           must
           have
           the
           self-same
           Dimensions
           ,
           as
           we
           †
           have
           already
           proved
           ;
           and
           consequently
           if
           it
           be
           in
           four
           several
           places
           at
           once
           ,
           it
           is
           but
           five
           Foot
           and
           an
           half
           long
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           it
           is
           four
           times
           five
           Foot
           and
           an
           half
           long
           ,
           which
           is
           two
           and
           twenty
           Foot
           long
           :
           And
           so
           likewise
           it
           is
           but
           one
           Foot
           Diameter
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           it
           is
           four
           times
           one
           Foot
           Diameter
           ,
           which
           is
           two
           Foot
           Diameter
           .
           And
           by
           the
           vast
           number
           of
           Places
           in
           which
           the
           Papists
           have
           bestowed
           it
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           but
           five
           Foot
           and
           a
           half
           long
           ,
           and
           one
           Foot
           Diameter
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           it
           will
           be
           as
           big
           as
           Mount
           Atlas
           ,
           or
           
             Pen
             Men
             Maur
          
           ,
           or
           the
           Pic
           of
           Tenariff
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           The
           fourth
           Head
           of
           Contradictions
           are
           those
           which
           relate
           to
           Number
           ,
           in
           spight
           of
           which
           the
           Papists
           make
           Ten
           thousand
           several
           bodies
           to
           be
           but
           one
           and
           the
           same
           body
           .
           Now
           as
           we
           have
           already
           proved
           it
           to
           be
           impossible
           for
           one
           and
           the
           same
           body
           to
           be
           in
           several
           distant
           Places
           ,
           so
           we
           shall
           here
           demonstrate
           that
           it
           is
           equally
           impossible
           for
           what
           is
           in
           several
           distant
           Places
           to
           be
           one
           and
           the
           same
           body
           .
        
         
           The
           Unity
           of
           a
           body
           consists
           in
           this
           ,
           
             That
             it
             be
             undivided
             from
             it self
             ,
             and
             divided
             from
             all
             other
             Bodies
          
           ;
           so
           that
           if
           a
           body
           be
           an
           Individual
           body
           ,
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           one
           and
           the
           same
           ,
           it
           must
           be
           undivided
           from
           it self
           .
           Now
           if
           :
           Christ's
           body
           in
           the
           Pix
           at
           Limestreet
           be
           the
           same
           Individual
           
           body
           which
           is
           in
           the
           Pix
           at
           St.
           James's
           ,
           or
           at
           Posnanie
           in
           the
           Higher
           Poland
           ,
           then
           the
           self-same
           Individual
           body
           is
           both
           undivided
           from
           it self
           ,
           and
           divided
           from
           it self
           .
           For
           in
           the
           former
           case
           the
           same
           Individual
           body
           is
           divided
           from
           it self
           not
           only
           by
           two
           *
           
             Wonderful
             Coverlets
          
           of
           the
           Accidents
           of
           bread
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           less
           wonderful
           Covers
           of
           two
           Pixes
           ,
           but
           also
           by
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           two
           great
           Cities
           ,
           London
           and
           Westminster
           .
           And
           in
           the
           latter
           case
           of
           Posnanie
           in
           Poland
           ,
           it
           is
           divided
           from
           it self
           by
           vast
           Tracts
           of
           Land
           ,
           and
           a
           very
           wide
           Sea
           ;
           so
           that
           the
           self-same
           individual
           body
           is
           undivided
           from
           it self
           ,
           and
           yet
           at
           the
           same
           time
           is
           divided
           from
           it self
           ,
           which
           is
           impossible
           .
           
             Q.
             E.
             D.
          
           
        
         
           On
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           There
           is
           not
           any
           thing
           which
           more
           Infallibly
           proves
           a
           real
           distinction
           betwixt
           Substances
           ,
           and
           shews
           that
           they
           are
           divers
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           one
           is
           not
           the
           other
           ,
           than
           this
           ,
           
             That
             the
             one
             can
             be
             without
             the
             other
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             can
             exist
             separately
             and
             apart
             .
          
           Now
           Christ's
           body
           at
           Limestreet
           in
           London
           ,
           and
           Christ's
           body
           at
           Rosnanie
           in
           Poland
           ,
           do
           exist
           separately
           and
           apart
           ,
           for
           it
           is
           a
           long
           and
           weary
           Pilgrimage
           to
           go
           from
           one
           to
           the
           other
           :
           And
           the
           one
           can
           be
           without
           the
           other
           ,
           for
           that
           body
           at
           Posnanie
           was
           many
           years
           without
           the
           other
           ,
           and
           had
           raised
           thirty
           six
           Persons
           from
           the
           Dead
           ,
           long
           before
           the
           body
           at
           Limestreet
           was
           made
           .
           And
           therefore
           these
           are
           distinct
           and
           divers
           Bodies
           ,
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           they
           are
           not
           the
           same
           Body
           ;
           And
           yet
           they
           are
           the
           same
           Body
           ,
           which
           is
           impossible
           .
           Which
           was
           to
           be
           Demonstrated
           .
        
         
         
           Corollary
           .
           It
           is
           to
           be
           supposed
           ,
           that
           when
           Anti-Christ
           comes
           with
           Lying
           Wonders
           ,
           no
           body
           will
           be
           so
           Unmannerly
           as
           to
           call
           them
           Lying
           Wonders
           ,
           and
           therefore
           we
           shall
           not
           Question
           the
           Truth
           of
           any
           one
           of
           those
           Miracles
           which
           are
           in
           the
           
             School
             of
             the
             Eucharist
          
           a
           :
           Only
           thus
           much
           we
           gather
           from
           the
           former
           Demonstration
           ,
           That
           the
           good
           Example
           of
           the
           Birds
           ;
           b
           Beasts
           and
           Vermin
           ,
           which
           worshipped
           Gods
           Body
           in
           other
           Ages
           and
           Countries
           ,
           is
           wholly
           Useless
           to
           us
           .
           For
           the
           Gods
           Body
           which
           is
           at
           Limestreet
           ,
           and
           St.
           James's
           ,
           or
           any
           where
           hereabouts
           to
           be
           had
           ,
           is
           not
           the
           same
           Gods
           Body
           which
           those
           Devout
           Creatures
           meekly
           Worshipped
           ,
           and
           which
           the
           Stubborn
           Black
           Horse
           c
           was
           forced
           to
           Worship
           with
           one
           Knee
           ;
           and
           therefore
           we
           are
           not
           in
           a
           capacity
           of
           Worshipping
           the
           same
           Gods
           Body
           ,
           if
           we
           would
           .
        
         
           5.
           
           The
           next
           Head
           of
           Contradictions
           is
           of
           those
           that
           arise
           from
           the
           consideration
           of
           that
           space
           or
           Distance
           which
           is
           betwixt
           one
           body
           and
           another
           ,
           which
           is
           always
           measured
           by
           a
           straight
           Line
           drawn
           from
           a
           point
           of
           the
           one
           body
           to
           a
           point
           of
           the
           other
           body
           ;
           which
           is
           the
           shortest
           Line
           that
           can
           be
           drawn
           betwixt
           them
           ,
           and
           consequently
           there
           can
           be
           but
           one
           straight
           line
           drawn
           betwixt
           the
           same
           Terms
           ,
           which
           measures
           and
           describes
           the
           just
           distance
           of
           them
           .
           Now
           we
           are
           allowed
           to
           draw
           a
           straight
           Line
           from
           any
           one
           Point
           to
           another
           .
        
         
         
           Corollary
           .
           From
           the
           same
           Demonstration
           it
           follows
           ,
           that
           St.
           Peter's
           in
           
             Rome
             ,
             Corpus
             Christi
          
           Church
           at
           Posnanie
           in
           Poland
           ,
           and
           other
           the
           remotest
           places
           
           in
           the
           world
           where
           God's
           Body
           is
           ,
           are
           as
           near
           Neighbours
           to
           the
           Monument
           in
           Fishstreet
           as
           the
           very
           Mass-house
           in
           Limestreet
           is
           .
           And
           there
           is
           likewise
           an
           infinite
           variety
           of
           other
           Contradictions
           ,
           which
           would
           result
           from
           drawing
           but
           half
           a
           score
           right
           Lines
           from
           God's
           Body
           which
           is
           in
           so
           many
           several
           Quarters
           ,
           which
           should
           all
           meet
           together
           in
           the
           Point
           C.
           For
           this
           ,
           as
           the
           meanest
           Mathematician
           easily
           understands
           ,
           would
           not
           only
           confound
           all
           Distances
           ,
           but
           also
           overthrow
           all
           the
           Everlasting
           Principles
           of
           Geometry
           .
        
         
           6.
           
           The
           Sixth
           Head
           of
           Contradictions
           is
           in
           reference
           to
           Quality
           ,
           whereby
           a
           Thing
           is
           rendred
           Like
           or
           Unlike
           to
           another
           .
           Now
           the
           self-same
           Body
           of
           Christ
           ,
           by
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           has
           quite
           contrary
           Qualities
           ,
           and
           is
           Like
           and
           Unlike
           to
           it self
           at
           the
           same
           time
           .
           For
           in
           Heaven
           it
           is
           in
           Form
           of
           an
           Human
           Body
           ,
           and
           in
           Earth
           it
           is
           in
           Form
           of
           Bread.
           And
           so
           again
           upon
           Earth
           ,
           it
           has
           a
           Light
           about
           it
           like
           a
           Pillar
           of
           Fire
           which
           reaches
           up
           to
           Heaven
           ,
           and
           it
           has
           not
           such
           a
           Light
           about
           it
           at
           the
           same
           time
           .
           It
           is
           stabbed
           by
           a
           Jew
           ,
           and
           is
           Red
           with
           Blood
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           the
           same
           Body
           has
           no
           Redness
           nor
           Mark
           of
           Blood
           upon
           it
           .
           It
           is
           marked
           with
           a
           Crucifix
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           it
           is
           not
           marked
           with
           a
           Crucifix
           ,
           but
           with
           I
           H
           S
           and
           a
           Glory
           .
           Now
           these
           are
           manifest
           Contradictions
           ,
           for
           the
           self-same
           thing
           is
           affirmed
           and
           denied
           of
           the
           self-same
           Body
           at
           the
           self-same
           time
           .
        
         
           But
           before
           I
           proceed
           to
           Demonstrate
           the
           Contradictions
           
           and
           Impossibilities
           which
           fall
           under
           this
           Head
           ,
           lest
           I
           should
           lose
           all
           my
           pains
           in
           so
           doing
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           fit
           to
           consider
           a
           shuffling
           Answer
           which
           the
           Papists
           have
           invented
           to
           rid
           their
           hands
           of
           all
           Contradictions
           of
           this
           kind
           .
           It
           is
           in
           these
           words
           ,
           
             A
             Body
             in
             two
             Places
             is
             Equivalent
             to
             Two
             Bodies
             ,
             and
             therefore
             one
             may
             say
             of
             it
             the
             most
             Opposite
             things
             without
             Contradiction
             .
          
           It
           seems
           this
           is
           no
           new
           Answer
           ,
           but
           I
           confess
           it
           was
           New
           to
           me
           ;
           for
           I
           first
           met
           with
           it
           in
           the
           late
           Six
           Conferences
           concerning
           the
           Eucharist
           ,
           
             p.
             89.
          
           where
           that
           very
           Learned
           and
           Judicious
           Author
           has
           answered
           it
           ,
           and
           sent
           it
           home
           again
           with
           such
           Arguments
           
             ad
             Hominem
          
           ,
           as
           would
           close
           the
           Mouths
           of
           any
           body
           but
           Papists
           .
           But
           because
           it
           now
           also
           lies
           just
           cross
           my
           way
           ,
           I
           ought
           likewise
           to
           say
           something
           to
           it
           .
        
         
           1st
           Therefore
           I
           say
           ,
           That
           the
           Supposition
           of
           One
           Body
           in
           Two
           Places
           at
           once
           ,
           is
           an
           utter
           Impossibility
           ;
           which
           I
           have
           already
           Demonstrated
           over
           and
           over
           again
           ,
           both
           under
           the
           1st
           Head
           of
           Place
           ,
           and
           also
           under
           the
           4th
           Head
           of
           
             Number
             .
             2ly
          
           ,
           One
           Body
           Equivalent
           to
           Two
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           One
           Body
           which
           to
           all
           Intents
           and
           Purposes
           is
           Two
           ,
           is
           a
           Contradiction
           in
           Terms
           ;
           for
           at
           this
           rate
           One
           and
           One
           is
           Three
           ,
           and
           Three
           and
           One
           is
           Five
           ,
           and
           in
           short
           ,
           there
           is
           a
           full
           end
           of
           all
           Arithmetick
           .
           3ly
           ,
           It
           is
           not
           One
           Body
           in
           Two
           Places
           which
           will
           serve
           their
           turn
           ,
           but
           it
           must
           be
           One
           Body
           in
           Ten
           Thousand
           Places
           .
           For
           it
           must
           be
           One
           Body
           in
           form
           of
           Flesh
           ,
           and
           the
           same
           Body
           in
           form
           of
           New
           Bread
           ,
           and
           the
           same
           Body
           in
           form
           of
           Old
           Bread
           ,
           and
           the
           same
           Body
           in
           form
           of
           Sweet
           Wine
           ,
           and
           the
           
           same
           Body
           in
           form
           of
           Sowre
           Wine
           ,
           and
           the
           same
           Body
           at
           Limestreet
           ,
           at
           Rome
           ,
           at
           Avignion
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           word
           ,
           in
           all
           Places
           ,
           where
           a
           bit
           of
           Bread
           ,
           a
           Mass
           Priest
           ,
           and
           a
           Slate
           ,
           are
           to
           be
           found
           together
           .
           And
           this
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           already
           shewn
           ,
           draws
           after
           it
           Millions
           of
           Millions
           of
           Contradictions
           .
           4thly
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           That
           even
           the
           Impossible
           Supposition
           of
           One
           Body
           in
           several
           Places
           ,
           does
           plainly
           deny
           all
           Difference
           and
           Dissimilitude
           in
           that
           Body
           ;
           it
           allows
           indeed
           a
           Multiplication
           of
           the
           same
           Body
           ,
           but
           it
           perfectly
           excludes
           any
           Alteration
           of
           it
           :
           For
           if
           it
           be
           Altered
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           the
           Body
           which
           was
           supposed
           to
           be
           Multiplied
           .
           For
           instance
           ,
           I
           will
           suppose
           the
           same
           Pint
           of
           Milk
           to
           be
           in
           several
           Places
           ,
           but
           then
           it
           must
           be
           a
           Pint
           of
           Milk
           in
           all
           those
           Places
           .
           For
           I
           cannot
           say
           ,
           without
           Contradiction
           ,
           That
           the
           same
           Pint
           of
           Milk
           in
           another
           Place
           is
           neither
           Pint
           ,
           Half-pint
           ,
           nor
           Spoonful
           ,
           but
           perhaps
           an
           unperceivable
           Drop
           ,
           for
           then
           it
           is
           a
           Pint
           and
           not
           a
           Pint.
           And
           so
           likewise
           I
           cannot
           say
           ,
           That
           it
           is
           a
           Pint
           of
           Milk
           in
           this
           Place
           in
           the
           form
           of
           Milk
           ,
           and
           in
           another
           Place
           it
           is
           a
           Pint
           of
           Milk
           in
           form
           of
           
             Aqua
             vitae
          
           ,
           having
           the
           Smell
           ,
           Taste
           ,
           Colour
           and
           Virtues
           of
           
             Aqua
             vitae
          
           :
           In
           another
           Place
           it
           is
           a
           Pint
           of
           Milk
           in
           the
           form
           of
           a
           Pen-full
           of
           Ink
           :
           And
           in
           another
           Place
           it
           is
           a
           Pint
           of
           Milk
           in
           the
           form
           of
           a
           Bandelier
           full
           of
           Gunpowder
           .
           For
           in
           these
           cases
           it
           is
           so
           Altered
           that
           it
           is
           not
           Milk
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           the
           Thing
           we
           spoke
           of
           ,
           and
           which
           we
           supposed
           to
           be
           Multiplied
           :
           And
           at
           the
           same
           time
           though
           it
           be
           neither
           Milk
           nor
           Measure
           ,
           yet
           in
           the
           way
           of
           Transubstantiation
           it
           is
           still
           a
           very
           good
           Pint
           of
           Milk.
           These
           Men
           had
           better
           let
           their
           Contradictions
           
           alone
           ,
           than
           offer
           to
           assoil
           them
           ,
           for
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           is
           perfectly
           of
           the
           nature
           of
           Birdlime
           ,
           the
           more
           they
           stir
           and
           flutter
           in
           it
           ,
           the
           faster
           they
           are
           caught
           .
        
         
           So
           that
           this
           sorry
           Evasion
           being
           of
           the
           same
           piece
           with
           Transubstantiation
           it self
           ,
           or
           rather
           an
           aggravation
           of
           Contradiction
           ,
           I
           shall
           set
           it
           aside
           as
           if
           it
           had
           never
           been
           ,
           and
           proceed
           to
           my
           intended
           Demonstration
           .
        
         
           We
           have
           not
           in
           our
           Minds
           a
           clearer
           and
           brighter
           first
           Principle
           than
           this
           is
           ,
           
             That
             ,
             nothing
             can
             be
             Present
             and
             Absent
             from
             the
             same
             Subject
             at
             the
             same
             time
             .
          
           Now
           the
           Mark
           of
           IHS
           is
           Present
           to
           Christ's
           Body
           ,
           being
           imprinted
           upon
           it
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           it
           is
           Absent
           from
           the
           self-same
           Body
           ,
           having
           ,
           instead
           of
           IHS
           ,
           a
           Crucifix
           upon
           it
           ;
           and
           therefore
           the
           Mark
           of
           IHS
           is
           Present
           to
           Christs
           Body
           ,
           and
           Absent
           from
           the
           self-same
           Body
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           which
           is
           Impossible
           .
           
             Q.
             E.
             D.
          
           
        
         
           Again
           ,
           God's
           Body
           in
           Form
           of
           Bread
           is
           not
           God's
           Body
           in
           Form
           of
           Wine
           ;
           for
           if
           it
           were
           ,
           then
           the
           Form
           of
           Bread
           ,
           and
           the
           Form
           of
           Wine
           would
           be
           the
           same
           ;
           Wine
           would
           be
           Bread
           ,
           and
           Bread
           would
           be
           Wine
           ,
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           Bread
           would
           be
           Not
           Bread.
           But
           according
           to
           the
           Papists
           ,
           God's
           Body
           in
           Form
           of
           Bread
           ,
           is
           God's
           Body
           in
           Form
           of
           Wine
           ,
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           Bread
           is
           not
           Bread
           ,
           which
           is
           Impossible
           .
           Which
           was
           to
           be
           Demonstrated
           .
        
         
         
           7.
           
           The
           last
           Head
           of
           Contradictions
           arise
           from
           this
           part
           of
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           which
           says
           ,
           
             That
             when
             the
             Substances
             of
             Bread
             and
             Wine
             are
             abolished
             ,
             and
             wholly
             cease
             to
             Be
             ,
             still
             all
             the
             Accidents
             of
             Bread
             and
             Wine
             are
             seen
             to
             Remain
             without
             any
             Subject
             at
             all
             .
             For
             the
             Substances
             of
             Bread
             and
             Wine
             are
             departed
             and
             gone
             ,
             and
             these
             Accidents
             cannot
             cleave
             and
             be
             united
             to
             the
             Body
             and
             Blood
             of
             Christ
             ,
             and
             therefore
             it
             remains
             ,
             That
             in
             a
             Supernatural
             way
             they
             must
             subsist
             of
             themselves
             .
          
           This
           is
           their
           own
           infallible
           Doctrine
           ,
           
             Trid.
             Catech.
             de
             Euch.
             Sect.
          
           25.
           
           &
           44.
           
           In
           which
           few
           words
           there
           is
           plenty
           of
           Contradictions
           .
        
         
           For
           
             (
             1st
             ,
          
           )
           I
           shall
           Demonstrate
           ,
           That
           Accidents
           subsisting
           without
           a
           Subject
           ,
           are
           Substances
           ,
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           are
           not
           Accidents
           .
           And
           because
           the
           Papists
           themselves
           are
           sensible
           how
           Absurd
           and
           Impossible
           this
           Doctrine
           of
           theirs
           is
           ,
           therefore
           they
           fly
           to
           Miracle
           and
           Omnipotency
           ,
           which
           is
           no
           Refuge
           nor
           Sanctuary
           for
           Contradictions
           and
           Impossibilities
           ,
           as
           we
           have
           already
           shewn
           .
        
         
           Now
           the
           very
           Essence
           of
           an
           Accident
           is
           to
           subsist
           in
           a
           Subject
           ,
           and
           the
           Essence
           of
           a
           Substance
           is
           to
           subsist
           of
           it self
           without
           a
           Subject
           ;
           so
           that
           if
           God
           by
           his
           Omnipotency
           should
           make
           an
           Accident
           to
           subsist
           of
           it self
           without
           a
           Subject
           ,
           he
           would
           give
           one
           and
           the
           same
           single
           Thing
           Two
           contrary
           Natures
           :
           Whereby
           the
           same
           thing
           would
           be
           what
           it
           is
           ,
           and
           would
           not
           be
           what
           it
           is
           ;
           it
           would
           subsist
           in
           a
           Subject
           ,
           
           and
           not
           subsist
           in
           a
           Subject
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           which
           is
           Impossible
           .
           
             Q.
             E.
             D.
          
           
        
         
           I
           have
           been
           beholden
           to
           the
           great
           Philosopher
           
             Des
             Cartes
          
           ,
           a
           Man
           of
           their
           own
           Communion
           ,
           for
           this
           Demonstration
           ,
           and
           have
           gathered
           it
           out
           of
           his
           Answer
           to
           the
           Fourth
           and
           Sixth
           Objections
           which
           were
           made
           against
           his
           Meditations
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           his
           Notes
           upon
           the
           Programma
           of
           Regius
           ,
           as
           I
           suppose
           .
           And
           it
           has
           been
           heretofore
           no
           small
           diversion
           to
           me
           to
           see
           how
           the
           Papists
           stood
           on
           Tiptoe
           ,
           when
           that
           great
           Restorer
           of
           Natural
           Knowledg
           appeared
           ,
           expecting
           whether
           his
           New
           Philosophy
           would
           favour
           their
           Old
           Transubstantiation
           .
           But
           when
           they
           found
           that
           he
           was
           not
           a
           Man
           for
           Substantial
           Accidents
           ,
           and
           such
           kind
           of
           Contradictious
           Stuff
           ,
           Dr.
           Arnault
           of
           the
           Sorbonne
           ,
           puts
           it
           home
           to
           him
           in
           the
           Fourth
           Objections
           ,
           and
           tells
           him
           ,
           That
           according
           to
           his
           Philosophy
           ,
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Church
           concerning
           the
           Sacrament
           of
           the
           Altar
           could
           not
           remain
           safe
           and
           sound
           ;
           because
           it
           is
           of
           Faith
           ,
           That
           the
           Accidents
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           remain
           without
           a
           Subject
           ;
           whereas
           Monsieur
           Cartes
           seemed
           to
           hold
           ,
           (
           for
           he
           had
           not
           as
           yet
           spoke
           out
           ,
           nor
           expressed
           himself
           fully
           in
           that
           matter
           )
           ,
           That
           Accidents
           are
           Inseparable
           from
           a
           Subject
           ,
           and
           that
           a
           Body
           ,
           and
           the
           Affections
           of
           that
           Body
           could
           not
           subsist
           apart
           ,
           nor
           be
           made
           to
           Exist
           separately
           by
           an
           Infinite
           Power
           .
           Wherefore
           Monsieur
           Arnauld
           prays
           him
           to
           take
           great
           care
           ,
           lest
           that
           while
           he
           is
           proving
           a
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           Immortality
           of
           the
           Soul
           ,
           he
           should
           endanger
           that
           Faith
           by
           which
           himself
           hoped
           to
           be
           saved
           .
        
         
         
           Here
           Cartes
           was
           beset
           ,
           and
           forced
           to
           declare
           himself
           ,
           and
           therefore
           was
           put
           upon
           his
           Invention
           ,
           which
           was
           first
           to
           contrive
           a
           way
           of
           solving
           the
           Appearances
           of
           Bread
           and
           Wine
           which
           are
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           by
           a
           new
           Hypothesis
           of
           the
           Superficies
           ;
           which
           he
           told
           them
           he
           should
           more
           fully
           make
           out
           in
           his
           Physics
           :
           And
           when
           he
           had
           thus
           first
           entertained
           them
           with
           a
           new
           Hypothesis
           ,
           then
           he
           shews
           them
           what
           Impossible
           Absurdities
           Real
           Accidents
           are
           ,
           and
           how
           full
           of
           Repugnancy
           and
           Contradictions
           ;
           and
           that
           these
           Contradictions
           made
           men
           Dissenters
           from
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           .
           And
           then
           he
           concludes
           ,
           That
           he
           hoped
           the
           Time
           would
           come
           ,
           when
           the
           Divines
           of
           that
           Church
           would
           hiss
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Real
           Accidents
           out
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           as
           an
           Unreasonable
           ,
           Incomprehensible
           ,
           and
           Unsafe
           Doctrine
           to
           be
           Believed
           ;
           and
           that
           his
           Superficies
           would
           be
           embraced
           instead
           of
           it
           ,
           as
           Certain
           and
           Indubitable
           .
           Monsieur
           Arnault
           was
           a
           Man
           of
           sense
           ,
           and
           therefore
           I
           doubt
           not
           but
           he
           let
           fall
           his
           Ears
           at
           this
           Answer
           .
           And
           the
           Paris
           Divines
           sent
           Cartes
           word
           afterwards
           in
           their
           sixth
           Objections
           ,
           Scruple
           the
           7th
           ,
           That
           they
           did
           not
           understand
           his
           Supersicies
           ,
           and
           knew
           not
           what
           to
           make
           of
           it
           :
           And
           that
           though
           he
           put
           them
           in
           hope
           that
           he
           would
           make
           things
           plainer
           in
           his
           Physics
           ,
           yet
           they
           were
           inclined
           to
           Believe
           they
           should
           never
           part
           with
           their
           old
           Opinion
           concerning
           Accidents
           ,
           for
           his
           new
           one
           .
        
         
           But
           though
           they
           were
           of
           this
           mind
           ,
           yet
           we
           find
           a
           very
           considerable
           Person
           ,
           
             Epist.
             Vol.
             2.
             
             Epist.
             3.
          
           who
           had
           better
           thoughts
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           says
           ,
           That
           he
           had
           happily
           shewn
           how
           the
           Inseparableness
           of
           Accidents
           
           from
           a
           Substance
           ,
           might
           be
           consistent
           with
           the
           Sacrament
           of
           the
           Altar
           ;
           but
           then
           he
           desires
           to
           know
           of
           Cartes
           ,
           whether
           he
           had
           bethought
           himself
           of
           a
           way
           to
           Reconcile
           another
           part
           of
           his
           Philosophy
           with
           Christ's
           Body
           ,
           being
           without
           Local
           Extension
           upon
           the
           Altar
           ;
           for
           otherwise
           he
           would
           expose
           to
           great
           Peril
           the
           most
           sacred
           thing
           in
           the
           world
           .
           Upon
           this
           Cartes
           stops
           short
           ,
           and
           does
           not
           care
           to
           give
           any
           thing
           more
           concerning
           the
           Sacrament
           under
           his
           hand
           ,
           but
           offers
           to
           meet
           him
           if
           he
           pleases
           ,
           and
           to
           tell
           him
           his
           Conjectures
           by
           word
           of
           mouth
           ,
           
             ibid.
             Epist.
          
           4.
           
        
         
           And
           was
           not
           this
           a
           pleasant
           way
           of
           proceeding
           ?
           Which
           is
           in
           effect
           as
           if
           they
           had
           said
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           You
           are
           a
           great
           Philosopher
           of
           our
           own
           Church
           ,
           you
           know
           we
           hold
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           and
           you
           your self
           hope
           to
           be
           saved
           by
           it
           ;
           see
           therefore
           what
           can
           be
           done
           for
           it
           ,
           pray
           make
           it
           as
           reasonable
           as
           you
           can
           .
           It
           is
           too
           like
           the
           Comical
           Story
           of
           the
           Woman
           ,
           who
           after
           she
           had
           eaten
           Pig
           in
           Smithfield
           ,
           went
           to
           
             Rabbi
             Buisy
          
           ,
           and
           prays
           him
           to
           make
           the
           eating
           of
           Pig
           as
           lawful
           as
           he
           can
           .
           And
           is
           it
           not
           likewise
           a
           neat
           turn
           ,
           to
           quiet
           them
           with
           his
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Superficies
           ?
        
         
           Now
           the
           Superficies
           is
           much
           such
           another
           Rationale
           of
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           as
           the
           following
           Argument
           is
           a
           proof
           of
           Purgatory
           .
           If
           there
           be
           one
           whose
           words
           are
           recorded
           in
           Scripture
           ,
           who
           when
           he
           died
           went
           neither
           to
           Heaven
           nor
           Hell
           ,
           then
           there
           is
           such
           a
           Middle
           place
           as
           Purgatory
           ;
           but
           there
           is
           one
           whose
           words
           are
           recorded
           in
           Scripture
           ,
           &c.
           
           Ergo.
           I
           have
           seen
           a
           Papist
           catch
           at
           this
           Syllogism
           very
           greedily
           ,
           and
           as
           Impatient
           to
           know
           who
           that
           One
           was
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           would
           presently
           have
           gone
           a
           Converting
           with
           the
           Argument
           .
           But
           he
           was
           as
           blank
           when
           he
           was
           told
           that
           it
           was
           Baalam's
           Ass
           ,
           as
           I
           fancy
           Dr.
           Arnault
           was
           ,
           when
           he
           had
           read
           and
           considered
           the
           long
           Story
           of
           the
           Superficies
           ;
           which
           ,
           I
           believe
           ,
           never
           yet
           drew
           one
           of
           those
           back
           again
           to
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           whom
           Cartes
           complains
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Real
           Accidents
           drove
           away
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           This
           Proposition
           ,
           Nihili
           nullae
           possunt
           esse
           Affectiones
           ,
           
             That
             Nothing
             cannot
             possibly
             have
             any
             Qualities
             or
             Affections
             ,
          
           is
           a
           Necessary
           and
           Everlasting
           Truth
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           so
           clear
           and
           self-evident
           ,
           that
           all
           words
           and
           discourse
           about
           it
           would
           but
           darken
           the
           Natural
           Light
           which
           is
           in
           it
           .
           Now
           a
           Wafer
           or
           singing
           Cake
           is
           an
           Extended
           ,
           Round
           ,
           White
           Substance
           ,
           having
           all
           the
           Qualities
           and
           Affections
           of
           Bread
           ;
           and
           when
           this
           Substance
           (
           a
           )
           wholly
           ceases
           to
           be
           ,
           it
           is
           nothing
           .
           But
           if
           the
           Extension
           ,
           Roundness
           ,
           Whiteness
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Bready
           Qualities
           of
           it
           still
           Remain
           ,
           then
           at
           the
           same
           time
           there
           do
           Remain
           the
           Extension
           ,
           the
           Roundness
           ,
           the
           Whiteness
           ,
           and
           the
           Bready
           Qualities
           or
           Affections
           of
           Nothing
           ,
           which
           is
           Impossible
           .
        
         
           And
           that
           Nothing
           ,
           whose
           Extension
           ,
           Roundness
           ,
           Whiteness
           and
           Bready
           Qualities
           are
           still
           Remaining
           ,
           is
           an
           Extended
           ,
           Round
           ,
           White
           and
           Bready
           Nothing
           ;
           which
           are
           so
           many
           Contradictions
           and
           Impossibilities
           .
           
             Q.
             E.
             D.
          
           
        
         
         
           I
           see
           that
           I
           must
           either
           break
           off
           Abruptly
           ,
           or
           never
           have
           done
           .
           For
           I
           find
           the
           Dividing
           of
           the
           Accidents
           of
           a
           Wafer
           into
           3
           Parts
           ,
           which
           is
           one
           of
           the
           Operations
           performed
           in
           the
           Mass
           ;
           and
           with
           the
           self-same
           Division
           ,
           the
           Dividing
           of
           Christ's
           Body
           into
           3
           Wholes
           ;
           and
           many
           more
           of
           their
           Absurdities
           coming
           thick
           into
           my
           head
           ;
           and
           therefore
           I
           will
           here
           Conclude
           in
           time
           .
        
         
           All
           these
           Demonstrations
           hitherto
           are
           Arguments
           to
           all
           Mankind
           .
           I
           have
           now
           an
           Argument
           or
           Two
           
             ad
             Hominem
          
           ,
           or
           to
           the
           Papists
           themselves
           .
        
         
           And
           I
           st
           ,
           By
           their
           own
           Infallible
           Doctrine
           of
           Concomitancy
           I
           shall
           Demonstrate
           ,
           That
           there
           has
           been
           never
           a
           God's-Body
           ,
           as
           they
           call
           it
           ,
           upon
           Earth
           these
           1600
           Years
           ;
           Provided
           they
           will
           allow
           me
           ,
           First
           ,
           That
           Christ's
           Body
           has
           been
           in
           Heaven
           these
           1600
           Years
           .
           And
           2ly
           ,
           That
           Heaven
           and
           Earth
           are
           different
           and
           distant
           Places
           .
           I
           reckon
           that
           Infallibility
           her self
           ,
           either
           has
           granted
           me
           both
           these
           Postulata
           already
           ,
           in
           these
           following
           words
           ,
           
             Tr.
             Cat.
             de
             Euch.
             Sect.
             37.
             
             But
             it
             is
             plainly
             Impossible
             ,
             That
             the
             Body
             of
             Christ
             should
             be
             in
             the
             Sacrament
             ,
             by
             coming
             out
             of
             one
             Place
             into
             another
             ,
             for
             so
             it
             would
             come
             to
             pass
             ,
             that
             the
             Body
             of
             Christ
             would
             be
             Absent
             from
             its
             Seat
             in
             Heaven
          
           ;
           (
           Now
           I
           presume
           ,
           if
           it
           has
           not
           been
           Absent
           from
           its
           Seat
           in
           Heaven
           ,
           to
           come
           and
           be
           Present
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           these
           1600
           Years
           ,
           it
           has
           not
           been
           Absent
           upon
           any
           other
           Account
           )
           :
           Or
           else
           I
           reckon
           that
           because
           the
           things
           Demanded
           are
           very
           Reasonable
           ,
           she
           will
           not
           now
           stick
           at
           the
           Granting
           of
           them
           .
           Now
           the
           Rule
           of
           Concomitancy
           is
           this
           ,
           
             Tr.
             Cat.
             de
          
           
           
             Euch.
             Sect.
          
           33.
           
           Si
           enim
           duo
           aliqua
           inter
           se
           reipsa
           conjungantur
           ,
           Ubi
           unum
           '
           sit
           ,
           ibi
           alterum
           etiam
           esse
           Necesse
           est
           .
           
             If
             any
             two
             things
             are
             Really
             joined
             together
             ,
             where
             the
             one
             is
             ,
             there
             of
             Necessity
             the
             other
             must
             be
             also
             .
          
           That
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           it
           is
           Impossible
           for
           it
           to
           be
           in
           any
           other
           Place
           .
           But
           no
           two
           things
           in
           the
           World
           are
           more
           Really
           joined
           together
           ,
           than
           one
           and
           the
           same
           thing
           is
           with
           it self
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           were
           not
           so
           ,
           no
           one
           thing
           could
           be
           really
           joined
           to
           another
           .
           The
           Union
           of
           one
           and
           the
           same
           thing
           with
           it self
           ,
           is
           the
           most
           close
           and
           intimate
           that
           can
           be
           ,
           and
           consequently
           the
           Concomitancy
           must
           be
           the
           strictest
           .
           Nay
           the
           very
           Reason
           ,
           Ground
           ,
           Bottom
           ,
           and
           Foundation
           of
           the
           Rule
           of
           Concomitancy
           is
           this
           ,
           Because
           from
           Two
           single
           Things
           Really
           joined
           together
           ,
           there
           results
           One
           Compound
           .
           The
           Union
           is
           the
           Cause
           of
           the
           Concomitancy
           ,
           becaufe
           it
           is
           Impossible
           for
           the
           same
           thing
           to
           be
           Divided
           from
           it self
           .
           So
           that
           if
           two
           things
           which
           are
           Really
           joined
           together
           ,
           must
           always
           of
           Necessity
           keep
           company
           together
           ,
           then
           it
           is
           utterly
           Impossible
           for
           one
           and
           the
           same
           thing
           to
           straggle
           from
           it self
           ,
           but
           it
           must
           ever
           be
           its
           own
           Individual
           Companion
           .
        
         
           From
           these
           Premises
           I
           say
           ,
           That
           Christ's
           Body
           having
           been
           in
           Heaven
           these
           1600
           Years
           ,
           if
           in
           that
           Space
           of
           Time
           it
           has
           been
           upon
           Altars
           here
           on
           Earth
           ,
           then
           it
           has
           not
           been
           at
           the
           same
           time
           where
           it
           has
           been
           ,
           but
           it
           has
           broken
           the
           Rule
           of
           Concomitancy
           ,
           and
           has
           strangely
           straggled
           from
           it self
           ;
           which
           is
           Impossible
           .
           
             Q.
             E.
             D.
          
           
        
         
           I
           have
           studied
           with
           all
           the
           Application
           of
           Mind
           of
           which
           I
           am
           capable
           ,
           to
           forecast
           in
           my
           thoughts
           
           what
           fault
           the
           Papists
           would
           find
           with
           any
           of
           the
           former
           Reasonings
           ,
           or
           with
           this
           last
           in
           particular
           ,
           and
           cannot
           foresee
           nor
           imagine
           any
           .
           For
           though
           we
           should
           allow
           Christ's
           Body
           to
           be
           
             Independent
             of
             Place
          
           ,
           or
           to
           have
           any
           other
           Impossible
           Prerogatives
           which
           they
           list
           to
           Invent
           ,
           yet
           still
           this
           Body
           must
           be
           subject
           to
           the
           Rule
           of
           Concomitancy
           ,
           because
           they
           themselves
           are
           forced
           to
           make
           use
           of
           it
           ,
           to
           prove
           that
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           is
           under
           the
           Species
           of
           Wine
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Blood
           of
           Christ
           is
           under
           the
           Species
           of
           Bread
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           the
           only
           Proof
           they
           have
           .
           Now
           if
           of
           Necessity
           the
           Body
           must
           be
           by
           Concomitancy
           where
           the
           Blood
           is
           ,
           then
           by
           an
           antecedent
           Necessity
           the
           Blood
           must
           be
           where
           the
           Blood
           is
           ;
           for
           the
           Blood
           's
           being
           there
           ,
           is
           the
           cause
           of
           the
           Bodies
           being
           there
           likewise
           .
           So
           the
           Body
           being
           under
           the
           Form
           of
           Bread
           ,
           is
           the
           reason
           that
           the
           Blood
           is
           there
           also
           ;
           but
           then
           to
           be
           sure
           the
           Body
           must
           be
           there
           .
           From
           whence
           ,
           as
           I
           shewed
           before
           ,
           it
           undeniably
           follows
           ,
           That
           Christ's
           Body
           is
           only
           in
           Heaven
           ;
           or
           else
           it
           is
           not
           where
           it
           is
           ,
           which
           overthrows
           the
           very
           Foundation
           of
           Concomitancy
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           The
           Second
           Argument
           shall
           be
           drawn
           from
           their
           Form
           of
           Consecration
           ,
           
             For
             this
             is
             my
             Body
          
           ,
           being
           the
           words
           of
           our
           Saviour
           from
           whence
           they
           have
           wrested
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           .
           Now
           to
           give
           them
           a
           Samplar
           of
           their
           own
           ,
           and
           to
           shew
           them
           how
           they
           themselves
           interpret
           Scripture
           ,
           I
           say
           that
           it
           appears
           by
           the
           very
           words
           of
           Consecration
           ,
           That
           the
           Priest
           himself
           is
           also
           Transubstantiated
           ;
           for
           the
           Body
           is
           Christ's
           ,
           and
           yet
           the
           Priest
           says
           it
           is
           
             My
             Body
          
           ,
           which
           cannot
           be
           True
           ,
           unless
           the
           
           Priest
           and
           Christ
           be
           the
           same
           :
           And
           that
           cannot
           be
           ,
           but
           by
           an
           admirable
           Change
           and
           Conversion
           ,
           which
           the
           Holy
           Catholick
           Church
           has
           conveniently
           and
           properly
           named
           Transubstantiation
           .
           No
           ,
           say
           the
           Papists
           in
           great
           anger
           ,
           There
           is
           no
           such
           Change
           at
           all
           ,
           for
           the
           Priest
           only
           stands
           for
           Christ
           ,
           and
           a
           sustains
           his
           Person
           ;
           he
           only
           Represents
           him
           in
           that
           Action
           ,
           and
           is
           in
           Christ's
           stead
           ;
           so
           that
           we
           are
           not
           to
           look
           upon
           the
           Priest
           in
           that
           solemn
           Action
           as
           Friar
           John
           ,
           but
           as
           Christ
           himself
           .
           And
           therefore
           the
           Priest
           may
           say
           with
           Truth
           ,
           this
           is
           
             My
             Body
          
           ,
           tho
           Literally
           and
           Properly
           ,
           and
           in
           strictness
           of
           Speech
           ,
           it
           is
           
             Christ's
             Body
          
           ,
           and
           not
           His.
           To
           which
           I
           again
           reply
           .
           Why
           this
           is
           the
           very
           Exposition
           of
           these
           words
           of
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           for
           which
           the
           Hereticks
           have
           all
           along
           been
           Burnt
           ,
           namely
           ,
           This
           Bread
           stands
           for
           my
           Body
           ,
           and
           Represents
           it
           in
           this
           Action
           ;
           it
           is
           instead
           of
           my
           Body
           ,
           and
           bears
           the
           Character
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           you
           are
           not
           so
           much
           to
           consider
           it
           as
           Bread
           ,
           but
           to
           look
           upon
           it
           as
           the
           Representation
           of
           my
           Body
           ,
           which
           is
           given
           for
           you
           .
           And
           therefore
           with
           Truth
           I
           can
           say
           it
           is
           my
           Body
           ,
           though
           Literally
           and
           Properly
           ,
           and
           in
           strictnefs
           of
           Speech
           ,
           it
           is
           Bread
           ,
           and
           not
           my
           
             Natural
             Body
          
           .
        
         
           Now
           therefore
           let
           the
           Papists
           give
           or
           take
           .
           Either
           the
           Bread
           is
           not
           Transubstantiated
           ;
           or
           if
           it
           be
           ,
           by
           virtue
           of
           the
           self-same
           words
           the
           Priest
           is
           Transubstantiated
           too
           .
           For
           every
           word
           in
           the
           Prolation
           with
           one
           Breath
           ,
           (
           except
           the
           word
           Enim
           ,
           Sect.
           20.
           )
           does
           Operate
           as
           well
           as
           Signifie
           ,
           and
           Does
           what
           it
           Says
           ,
           and
           therefore
           if
           the
           word
           Corpus
           be
           effectual
           to
           make
           it
           a
           Body
           ,
           then
           the
           word
           Meum
           makes
           it
           
           the
           Priests
           Body
           .
           The
           Wit
           of
           Man
           cannot
           find
           an
           Evasion
           ,
           and
           I
           doubt
           not
           but
           I
           am
           able
           to
           maintain
           this
           Argument
           against
           all
           the
           Popish
           Priests
           in
           the
           world
           .
           For
           all
           the
           Advantage
           lies
           clearly
           on
           the
           Protestant
           Side
           .
           For
           our
           Saviour
           visibly
           took
           Bread
           ,
           and
           gave
           it
           the
           office
           of
           Representing
           him
           ,
           and
           
             made
             it
             the
             Figure
             of
             his
             Body
             ,
          
           as
           Tertullian's
           word
           is
           ;
           He
           erected
           it
           as
           a
           standing
           Memorial
           to
           be
           used
           in
           
             Remembrance
             or
             Commemoration
             of
             him
          
           ,
           as
           
             S.
             Luke's
          
           word
           is
           ;
           
             To
             shew
             forth
             his
             Death
             till
             he
             come
             ,
          
           as
           S.
           Paul
           speaks
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           he
           commanded
           his
           Disciples
           to
           repeat
           the
           same
           Action
           ,
           and
           to
           do
           as
           he
           had
           done
           ;
           But
           where
           did
           he
           bid
           the
           Priest
           to
           personate
           him
           ?
           That
           he
           gave
           us
           the
           Bread
           by
           the
           Name
           of
           his
           Body
           ,
           Three
           of
           the
           Four
           Gospels
           witness
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           Name
           of
           his
           
             Broken
             Body
             ,
             S.
             Paul
          
           witnesses
           ;
           But
           where
           did
           he
           ever
           say
           ,
           That
           He
           himself
           would
           always
           Sacrifice
           himself
           by
           the
           Priests
           Hands
           ,
           and
           say
           ,
           
             Hoc
             est
             Corpus
             meum
          
           ,
           to
           the
           end
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           by
           the
           Priests
           Mouth
           ?
           And
           further
           ,
           There
           is
           not
           one
           word
           which
           the
           Papists
           have
           said
           in
           behalf
           of
           the
           Bread
           being
           Transubstantiated
           ,
           but
           holds
           as
           strongly
           for
           the
           Priests
           being
           Transubstantiated
           ;
           which
           makes
           full
           as
           much
           for
           the
           Dignity
           and
           Majesty
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           for
           the
           abasing
           and
           mortifying
           of
           our
           Deceivable
           Senses
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           improving
           and
           exalting
           our
           Faith
           ,
           and
           making
           it
           Meritorious
           ,
           as
           the
           other
           can
           .
        
         
           We
           have
           gained
           such
           considerable
           Advantages
           by
           the
           foregoing
           part
           of
           our
           Discourse
           ,
           that
           now
           we
           are
           able
           unalterably
           to
           renounce
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           .
           For
           having
           
           demonstrated
           the
           Impossibility
           of
           it
           ,
           We
           have
           thereby
           Demonstrated
           ,
           that
           though
           Heaven
           and
           Earth
           should
           pass
           away
           ,
           yet
           that
           Doctrine
           can
           never
           be
           True.
           We
           have
           likewise
           at
           the
           same
           time
           Demonstrated
           the
           Protestant
           Exposition
           of
           those
           words
           of
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           
             This
             is
             my
             Body
          
           ,
           to
           be
           the
           true
           and
           necessary
           Sense
           of
           them
           ;
           for
           either
           there
           is
           a
           Change
           of
           the
           Bread
           into
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           ,
           or
           there
           is
           not
           :
           But
           because
           such
           a
           Change
           is
           an
           utter
           Impossibility
           ,
           as
           we
           have
           abundantly
           proved
           ,
           therefore
           it
           remains
           ,
           That
           the
           Protestant
           Doctrine
           ,
           which
           asserts
           there
           is
           no
           such
           Change
           ,
           is
           Demonstrably
           True.
           We
           have
           also
           made
           it
           as
           clear
           as
           the
           Light
           ,
           That
           neither
           the
           Letter
           of
           a
           
             Divine
             Revelation
          
           ,
           nor
           the
           pretence
           of
           an
           
             Infinite
             Power
          
           ,
           nor
           any
           thing
           in
           the
           World
           can
           support
           one
           single
           Contradiction
           ;
           because
           if
           one
           single
           Contradiction
           could
           stand
           ,
           it
           would
           destroy
           the
           very
           Being
           of
           God
           himself
           ,
           and
           deprive
           the
           World
           of
           the
           Adorable
           Object
           of
           all
           Religion
           .
           For
           supposing
           it
           
             Impossible
             for
             a
             Being
             of
             Necessary
             Existence
             to
             Exist
             ,
          
           which
           is
           but
           supposing
           a
           Contradiction
           ,
           and
           we
           have
           immediately
           lost
           the
           Author
           of
           all
           Divine
           Revelation
           ;
           And
           not
           only
           so
           ,
           but
           the
           whole
           Universe
           likewise
           must
           presently
           sink
           into
           Nothing
           ,
           or
           rather
           indeed
           it
           could
           never
           have
           been
           at
           all
           .
        
         
           But
           more
           particularly
           we
           shall
           find
           the
           Benefit
           of
           the
           former
           Demonstrations
           in
           the
           short
           remainder
           of
           our
           present
           Discourse
           ,
           for
           they
           will
           add
           to
           what
           we
           have
           further
           to
           say
           against
           Transubstantiation
           all
           the
           force
           and
           strength
           which
           Demonstration
           can
           give
           .
           Costerus
           the
           Jesuit
           acknowledges
           ,
           (
           and
           I
           suppose
           all
           Papists
           with
           him
           )
           that
           
           
             If
             the
             Bread
             be
             not
             changed
             into
             the
             Body
             of
             Christ
             ,
             the
             worship
             of
             the
             Host
             is
             gross
             Idolatry
          
           ;
           But
           we
           are
           past
           all
           Iss
           and
           And
           's
           ,
           and
           have
           Demonstrated
           that
           there
           can
           be
           no
           such
           Change
           of
           the
           Bread
           into
           Christ's
           Body
           :
           And
           consequently
           we
           have
           Demonstrated
           ,
           that
           the
           Papists
           in
           worshipping
           of
           the
           Host
           ,
           are
           guilty
           of
           gross
           Idolatry
           ,
           and
           the
           Best
           Friends
           they
           have
           in
           the
           world
           cannot
           free
           them
           from
           it
           .
           So
           likewise
           it
           can
           be
           no
           longer
           a
           Moot-point
           ,
           or
           a
           disputable
           matter
           ,
           whether
           it
           be
           Criminal
           to
           call
           the
           Host
           their
           
             Lord
             God
             ,
             their
             Maker
             ,
             their
             Former
             ,
             and
             their
             Creator
          
           ;
           when
           we
           have
           Demonstrated
           that
           it
           cannot
           be
           so
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           is
           only
           a
           bit
           of
           Bread
           ;
           and
           to
           affirm
           Bread
           to
           be
           a
           God
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           not
           Blasphemy
           ,
           it
           wants
           a
           name
           in
           our
           Language
           .
           In
           short
           ,
           That
           can
           never
           be
           a
           Divine
           Mystery
           which
           is
           not
           in
           a
           Possibility
           of
           being
           a
           Divine
           Truth
           :
           And
           consequently
           the
           Mystery
           and
           Miraculousness
           of
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           which
           has
           been
           the
           old
           and
           dark
           stronghold
           of
           Popery
           ,
           is
           utterly
           demolished
           :
           And
           the
           Papists
           having
           lost
           that
           shelter
           ,
           not
           only
           all
           the
           Absurdities
           of
           their
           Belief
           concerning
           it
           will
           fall
           upon
           them
           with
           their
           whole
           weight
           ,
           but
           also
           all
           their
           absurd
           Practices
           in
           reference
           to
           it
           ,
           to
           which
           I
           shall
           now
           proceed
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           The
           second
           General
           Head
           is
           of
           
             Practical
             Absurdities
          
           ,
           by
           which
           I
           mean
           such
           unreasonable
           and
           unworthy
           Actions
           ,
           as
           are
           done
           by
           the
           Papists
           in
           pursuance
           of
           their
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           .
           And
           here
           I
           can
           by
           no
           means
           charge
           them
           with
           eating
           their
           Maker
           ,
           or
           eating
           Man's
           flesh
           ,
           and
           drinking
           
           Man's
           blood
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           :
           For
           I
           have
           shewn
           it
           to
           be
           impossible
           for
           them
           to
           do
           either
           of
           these
           .
           But
           yet
           because
           they
           intend
           and
           profess
           to
           do
           both
           ,
           perhaps
           the
           guilt
           is
           no
           less
           than
           if
           they
           really
           did
           them
           .
           And
           the
           Absurdity
           of
           their
           Practice
           in
           this
           behalf
           is
           very
           equally
           matched
           with
           the
           Absurdity
           and
           Contradictiousness
           of
           their
           Belief
           .
           For
           as
           they
           hold
           the
           Sacrament
           to
           be
           the
           Natural
           Body
           of
           Christ
           ,
           and
           yet
           say
           it
           is
           in
           several
           Places
           at
           once
           ,
           and
           is
           made
           at
           several
           times
           ,
           and
           is
           in
           the
           Form
           of
           Bread
           ,
           whereby
           it
           appears
           to
           be
           not
           the
           Natural
           Body
           of
           Christ
           ,
           but
           a
           piece
           of
           Bread
           ;
           wherein
           they
           say
           and
           unsay
           at
           once
           :
           So
           likewise
           they
           worship
           and
           serve
           ,
           and
           pray
           to
           that
           which
           I
           have
           Demonstrated
           to
           be
           a
           bit
           of
           Bread
           ,
           as
           if
           it
           were
           a
           God
           ,
           and
           immediately
           they
           undo
           all
           that
           they
           have
           done
           ,
           and
           treat
           him
           not
           at
           all
           like
           a
           God
           ,
           but
           eat
           him
           up
           as
           if
           he
           were
           a
           bit
           of
           Bread.
           So
           also
           they
           say
           expresly
           ,
           That
           the
           common
           Nature
           of
           Mankind
           abhors
           the
           eating
           of
           Man's
           flesh
           ,
           and
           drinking
           of
           Man's
           blood
           ,
           and
           yet
           they
           eat
           and
           drink
           that
           ,
           of
           which
           they
           say
           they
           have
           greater
           Assurance
           that
           it
           is
           Man's
           flesh
           ,
           and
           Man's
           blood
           ,
           than
           the
           Testimony
           of
           all
           their
           Senses
           can
           give
           them
           .
        
         
           But
           omitting
           these
           things
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           Indignity
           which
           is
           offered
           to
           our
           Blessed
           Saviour
           by
           such
           like
           Practices
           ,
           I
           shall
           
             (
             I
             st
          
           )
           take
           notice
           of
           their
           Idolatry
           in
           worshipping
           a
           piece
           of
           Bread
           as
           if
           it
           were
           God
           himself
           .
           And
           this
           Practice
           is
           unavoidable
           Idolatry
           if
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           should
           chance
           to
           be
           false
           :
           And
           if
           it
           be
           not
           false
           ,
           then
           a
           Thousand
           Millions
           of
           Contradictions
           must
           be
           all
           of
           them
           true
           .
           So
           that
           if
           the
           Apostles
           rent
           their
           Clothes
           ,
           when
           
           the
           Lycaonians
           said
           that
           the
           
             Gods
             were
             come
             down
             in
             the
             likeness
             of
             Men
             ,
          
           and
           were
           going
           to
           give
           them
           Divine
           Honour
           ;
           surely
           they
           would
           hardly
           spare
           their
           flesh
           ,
           but
           rend
           that
           too
           ,
           if
           they
           should
           be
           shewn
           more
           than
           an
           Hundred
           God
           Almighties
           together
           in
           the
           
             Form
             of
             Bread
          
           ,
           and
           should
           see
           Divine
           Worship
           paid
           to
           them
           :
           Especially
           ,
           since
           the
           Apostles
           Evangelized
           men
           to
           turn
           away
           from
           Idolatry
           to
           the
           Living
           God
           who
           made
           Heaven
           and
           Earth
           ;
           if
           moreover
           the
           Papists
           should
           plead
           Gospel
           for
           their
           Idolatry
           ,
           and
           say
           that
           they
           were
           Evangelized
           into
           it
           .
           I
           have
           often
           thought
           what
           St.
           Paul
           and
           Barnabas
           would
           have
           said
           and
           done
           in
           that
           Case
           .
           But
           what
           they
           then
           cried
           out
           and
           said
           to
           the
           
             Lycaonians
             ,
             Sirs
             ,
             why
             do
             ye
             these
             things
             ?
             For
             we
             are
             men
             of
             like
             Passions
             with
             you
          
           ;
           methinks
           the
           Host
           it self
           says
           as
           loud
           every
           day
           to
           the
           Papists
           .
           
             
               Sirs
               ,
               why
               do
               ye
               these
               things
               ?
            
             For
             I
             am
             no
             Object
             of
             Worship
             ,
             but
             like
             another
             piece
             of
             Bread.
             I
             have
             all
             the
             Properties
             ,
             and
             am
             subject
             to
             all
             the
             Casualties
             of
             any
             other
             bit
             of
             Bread
             :
             For
             either
             I
             am
             presently
             eaten
             and
             swallowed
             down
             as
             any
             other
             Bread
             is
             ,
             or
             else
             if
             I
             be
             kept
             ,
             I
             grow
             Stale
             and
             Mouldy
             .
             I
             am
             put
             into
             a
             Box
             for
             fear
             of
             Mischances
             ,
             for
             if
             the
             Mouse
             gets
             me
             ,
             I
             am
             gone
             .
             Alas
             ,
             I
             am
             Bread
             ,
             I
             am
             no
             God.
             
          
           Thus
           to
           my
           Apprehension
           the
           Host
           it self
           continually
           cries
           out
           and
           reasons
           with
           them
           .
           And
           Oh
           would
           to
           God
           that
           they
           would
           consider
           to
           as
           good
           purpose
           as
           the
           Lycaonians
           did
           !
           I
           should
           be
           content
           to
           endure
           great
           hardships
           to
           see
           that
           Happy
           Day
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           The
           Reproach
           which
           is
           done
           to
           our
           Saviour
           in
           the
           worshipping
           of
           the
           Host
           is
           intolerable
           .
           For
           
           would
           it
           not
           be
           an
           unsufferable
           affront
           to
           the
           Majesty
           of
           Earthly
           Princes
           ,
           to
           take
           a
           Bundle
           of
           Rags
           ,
           and
           place
           it
           in
           the
           Throne
           ,
           and
           serve
           it
           upon
           the
           Knee
           ,
           and
           cry
           ,
           God
           save
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           treat
           it
           in
           every
           respect
           like
           a
           Crown'd
           head
           ;
           and
           to
           destroy
           every
           good
           Subject
           that
           would
           not
           join
           in
           this
           contumelious
           Pageantry
           ?
           And
           is
           it
           nothing
           for
           the
           Great
           God
           of
           Heaven
           to
           be
           used
           in
           a
           more
           reproachful
           manner
           ?
           For
           I
           appeal
           to
           all
           Mankind
           ,
           considering
           the
           Infinite
           Distance
           there
           is
           betwixt
           the
           Persons
           ,
           whether
           it
           be
           not
           a
           less
           Scorn
           and
           Indignity
           to
           set
           up
           a
           King
           of
           Clouts
           ,
           than
           a
           Breaden
           God
           ?
           A
           Contemptible
           Crumb
           of
           Dough
           ,
           which
           is
           Kneaded
           ,
           and
           Baked
           ,
           and
           Crossed
           ,
           and
           Muttered
           into
           the
           most
           High
           God
           ,
           God
           over
           all
           ,
           Blessed
           for
           evermore
           ?
        
         
           I
           might
           descend
           to
           many
           more
           Particulars
           ,
           and
           enlarge
           upon
           them
           ,
           but
           this
           has
           already
           been
           done
           by
           Learneder
           Hands
           .
        
         
           And
           now
           ,
           
             O
             ye
             Papists
          
           ,
           I
           have
           discharged
           my
           Conscience
           ;
           for
           it
           has
           troubled
           me
           that
           I
           had
           not
           long
           since
           laid
           these
           things
           plain
           and
           open
           before
           you
           :
           And
           if
           I
           knew
           how
           to
           incline
           you
           to
           consider
           them
           ,
           I
           would
           not
           think
           much
           to
           kneel
           down
           at
           your
           Feet
           .
           But
           if
           you
           will
           not
           consider
           them
           with
           that
           evenness
           of
           mind
           which
           is
           always
           necessary
           to
           Conviction
           ,
           but
           rather
           will
           consider
           them
           with
           that
           prejudice
           and
           indignation
           which
           shall
           put
           you
           upon
           Contradicting
           and
           Objecting
           ,
           and
           using
           all
           your
           Subtilties
           and
           Evasions
           ;
           then
           I
           beg
           of
           you
           to
           do
           this
           throughly
           ,
           and
           spare
           me
           not
           .
           For
           I
           have
           written
           this
           Discourse
           only
           for
           the
           Honour
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           love
           to
           Truth
           ,
           which
           never
           loses
           any
           thing
           
           by
           being
           Tried
           and
           Examined
           ,
           but
           still
           comes
           the
           Brighter
           out
           of
           the
           Fire
           .
           It
           is
           the
           Cause
           of
           God
           my
           Saviour
           who
           died
           for
           me
           ,
           and
           I
           am
           willing
           to
           spend
           the
           remainder
           of
           my
           days
           in
           it
           ,
           or
           lay
           down
           my
           life
           for
           it
           ,
           even
           which
           of
           the
           two
           He
           shall
           please
           .
        
         
           And
           as
           for
           you
           ,
           
             O
             ye
             Protestants
          
           ,
           you
           have
           great
           reason
           to
           Bless
           God
           ,
           that
           you
           were
           Born
           into
           the
           World
           since
           the
           Reformation
           ;
           whereby
           you
           enjoy
           the
           Benefit
           of
           having
           God's
           own
           Book
           in
           your
           own
           Vulgar
           Tongue
           :
           And
           thereby
           are
           taught
           to
           know
           God
           and
           his
           Creatures
           asunder
           ,
           and
           have
           learnt
           to
           distinguish
           our
           Saviour
           Christ
           from
           his
           Sacraments
           ,
           and
           to
           know
           your
           Maker
           from
           a
           Bit
           of
           Bread.
           Who
           have
           the
           Advantage
           of
           reading
           God's
           pure
           Word
           ,
           without
           either
           Romish
           Comments
           or
           Rhemish
           Annotations
           which
           overthrow
           the
           Text.
           Who
           are
           allowed
           to
           see
           with
           your
           own
           Eyes
           ,
           That
           if
           Scripture
           should
           be
           so
           forced
           and
           wrested
           as
           the
           Papists
           have
           used
           it
           in
           this
           Case
           ,
           then
           we
           must
           all
           be
           Anthropomorphites
           ,
           and
           either
           Believe
           that
           God
           is
           of
           
             Human
             Shape
          
           ,
           or
           else
           give
           him
           the
           Lye
           I
           know
           not
           how
           oft
           .
           For
           the
           Right
           Hand
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           many
           other
           Bodily
           parts
           of
           him
           ,
           are
           ten
           times
           oftner
           asserted
           in
           Scripture
           ,
           than
           
             This
             is
             my
             Body
          
           .
           If
           the
           Papists
           say
           ,
           That
           the
           Scripture
           in
           affirming
           that
           God
           is
           a
           Spirit
           ,
           does
           sufficiently
           rectifie
           all
           such
           blockish
           Mistakes
           ;
           I
           say
           so
           too
           :
           And
           withal
           ,
           that
           our
           Saviour
           has
           done
           abundantly
           more
           to
           prevent
           and
           foreclose
           the
           no
           less
           blameable
           mistake
           concerning
           Transubstantiation
           .
           For
           after
           he
           had
           called
           the
           Cup
           his
           Blood
           ,
           he
           afterwards
           again
           called
           it
           
             the
             Fruit
             of
             the
             Vine
          
           ;
           and
           after
           his
           Resurrection
           it self
           ,
           he
           gave
           his
           Disciples
           this
           Test
           to
           judg
           and
           discern
           his
           Body
           ,
           and
           
           to
           know
           it
           by
           ,
           
             Luke
             24.
             39.
             
             Behold
             my
             hands
             and
             my
             feet
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             I
             my self
             :
             handle
             me
             and
             see
             :
             for
             a
             spirit
             hath
             not
             flesh
             and
             bones
             ,
             as
             ye
             see
             me
             have
             .
          
           From
           whence
           we
           are
           bound
           to
           conclude
           ,
           That
           where
           we
           cannot
           see
           Hands
           and
           Feet
           ,
           where
           we
           cannot
           see
           and
           feel
           Flesh
           and
           Bones
           ,
           where
           we
           cannot
           handle
           and
           see
           Christ's
           Body
           ,
           there
           it
           is
           not
           he
           himself
           :
           Well
           may
           there
           be
           some
           Sign
           ,
           or
           Token
           ,
           or
           Memorial
           of
           his
           Body
           ,
           but
           it
           cannot
           be
           
             he
             himself
          
           .
           I
           shall
           not
           stand
           to
           enquire
           whether
           this
           be
           the
           Criterion
           to
           know
           Human
           Bodies
           from
           those
           Bodies
           which
           Angels
           heretofore
           assumed
           ;
           but
           we
           are
           sure
           that
           these
           are
           Infallible
           Marks
           to
           know
           our
           Saviour's
           Body
           by
           ,
           and
           that
           is
           all
           our
           present
           Business
           .
        
         
           But
           as
           for
           the
           Noise
           they
           have
           lately
           made
           about
           our
           Saviour's
           surprizing
           the
           Disciples
           ,
           and
           entring
           into
           the
           room
           ,
           
             when
             the
             Doors
             were
             shut
          
           ,
           there
           never
           was
           any
           thing
           more
           incongruous
           than
           the
           sense
           which
           the
           Papists
           have
           put
           upon
           that
           place
           ,
           as
           if
           our
           Saviour
           had
           
             passed
             through
             the
             Doors
          
           .
           For
           there
           were
           two
           Things
           ,
           as
           appears
           by
           the
           Scripture
           ,
           which
           disturbed
           the
           Disciples
           ;
           First
           ,
           That
           a
           Person
           should
           come
           into
           the
           Room
           without
           knocking
           or
           giving
           them
           any
           warning
           ,
           when
           they
           had
           made
           all
           fast
           ,
           and
           kept
           themselves
           close
           
             for
             fear
             of
             the
             Jews
          
           :
           And
           the
           Second
           was
           ,
           That
           he
           entred
           in
           such
           a
           manner
           as
           made
           them
           apprehend
           him
           to
           be
           a
           Spirit
           .
           Now
           how
           did
           ever
           Angels
           or
           Spirits
           enter
           into
           a
           Room
           ,
           or
           St.
           Peter
           come
           out
           of
           Prison
           under
           the
           conduct
           of
           an
           Angel
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           Doors
           opening
           before
           them
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           ,
           and
           shutting
           again
           after
           them
           ?
           As
           in
           the
           case
           of
           all
           the
           Apostles
           ,
           where
           the
           Officers
           
             found
             the
             Prison
             shut
             with
             with
             all
             safety
             ,
          
           Act.
           
           5.
           23.
           
           And
           I
           never
           yet
           heard
           or
           read
           of
           Angel
           or
           Spirit
           ,
           which
           entred
           a
           Room
           through
           Crannies
           or
           Keyholes
           ,
           or
           through
           Inch-boards
           .
           But
           let
           that
           be
           as
           it
           will
           ,
           if
           our
           Saviour
           had
           entred
           in
           any
           such
           manner
           ,
           it
           had
           absolutely
           overthrown
           the
           Criterion
           which
           he
           gave
           them
           at
           the
           same
           time
           to
           judg
           of
           his
           Body
           ,
           and
           to
           Demonstrate
           that
           he
           was
           not
           a
           Spirit
           .
           For
           common
           sense
           would
           have
           taught
           the
           Disciples
           to
           reply
           ,
           It
           is
           true
           indeed
           ,
           whatever
           you
           are
           ,
           Man
           or
           Spirit
           ,
           that
           you
           have
           now
           a
           gross
           Human
           Body
           ,
           and
           we
           cannot
           deny
           it
           ;
           but
           that
           ,
           it
           seems
           ,
           is
           only
           when
           you
           please
           ,
           for
           you
           had
           not
           such
           a
           one
           a
           while
           ago
           ,
           when
           you
           were
           pleased
           to
           come
           in
           at
           the
           Keyhole
           ;
           whereas
           there
           was
           nothing
           at
           all
           of
           this
           ,
           but
           they
           knew
           and
           owned
           him
           ,
           and
           were
           glad
           to
           see
           the
           Lord.
           But
           to
           conclude
           ,
           Is
           not
           this
           a
           very
           pertinent
           proof
           of
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           when
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           asserts
           a
           thing
           quite
           contrary
           to
           the
           
             Passing
             through
             Doors
          
           ?
           For
           it
           asserts
           that
           our
           Saviour's
           Body
           is
           Present
           in
           a
           Room
           ,
           not
           by
           being
           Translated
           ,
           or
           by
           Passing
           out
           of
           one
           Place
           into
           another
           ,
           but
           by
           being
           produced
           in
           all
           fresh
           Places
           ,
           and
           by
           being
           
             Within
             Doors
          
           ,
           and
           
             Without
             Doors
          
           ,
           at
           the
           same
           Time.
           
        
         
           In
           short
           ,
           
             O
             my
             Protestant
             Country-men
          
           ,
           You
           see
           what
           Infinite
           Reason
           there
           is
           ,
           that
           you
           should
           for
           ever
           renounce
           Transubstantiation
           ;
           for
           otherwise
           you
           owe
           your
           Saviour
           but
           little
           Service
           ,
           if
           you
           will
           not
           do
           him
           so
           much
           Right
           as
           to
           say
           ,
           
             That
             He
             is
             not
             a
             bit
             of
             Bread.
          
           And
           there
           is
           the
           same
           Reason
           that
           you
           should
           renounce
           that
           Church
           ,
           which
           employs
           her
           Infallibility
           in
           contradicting
           the
           Plainest
           Scripture
           ;
           in
           defacing
           those
           Eternal
           Truths
           which
           
           are
           deeply
           engraven
           upon
           the
           Minds
           of
           Men
           ;
           and
           in
           doing
           the
           utmost
           dishonour
           to
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           by
           making
           his
           Religion
           the
           scorn
           of
           Mankind
           .
           What
           Averroes
           said
           ,
           is
           recorded
           by
           Papists
           ;
           and
           is
           too
           well
           known
           to
           be
           Repeated
           upon
           this
           occasion
           ;
           and
           for
           my
           part
           I
           should
           take
           it
           much
           more
           patiently
           to
           be
           forced
           to
           Believe
           that
           I
           my self
           am
           a
           Wafer
           ,
           than
           that
           a
           Wafer
           is
           my
           God.
           So
           that
           the
           Blessed
           Martyrs
           were
           infinitely
           in
           the
           right
           ,
           to
           stake
           down
           their
           Lives
           against
           this
           Doctrine
           ;
           for
           they
           plainly
           saw
           that
           it
           was
           not
           a
           Moot
           Point
           ,
           or
           a
           Disputable
           Matter
           ,
           (
           against
           which
           no
           wise
           man
           would
           lay
           down
           an
           Hair
           of
           his
           Head
           )
           ;
           but
           they
           saw
           that
           it
           was
           a
           bottomless
           Pit
           of
           Falshood
           ,
           which
           swallows
           up
           all
           the
           Natural
           and
           Theological
           Verities
           which
           ever
           came
           from
           God.
           And
           he
           that
           dies
           for
           so
           much
           important
           Truth
           ,
           most
           certainly
           dies
           for
           God.
           You
           see
           moreover
           that
           the
           Papists
           are
           very
           ill
           holpen
           up
           ,
           when
           they
           have
           recourse
           to
           the
           Almighty
           Power
           of
           God
           ,
           to
           support
           their
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           :
           For
           for
           that
           very
           Reason
           ,
           Because
           he
           is
           Almighty
           ,
           he
           is
           Infinitely
           removed
           from
           the
           Imperfection
           of
           making
           an
           endless
           Number
           of
           Impossible
           Falshoods
           .
           Shall
           that
           Nonsense
           and
           Inconsistency
           ,
           which
           it
           is
           a
           very
           Great
           Imperfection
           even
           in
           Imperfect
           Creatures
           to
           Affirm
           ,
           be
           a
           Perfection
           to
           make
           ?
           No
           certainly
           ;
           For
           the
           farther
           any
           thing
           is
           from
           Truth
           ,
           the
           farther
           it
           is
           from
           God.
           Lastly
           ;
           You
           see
           what
           a
           thick
           and
           palpable
           Darkness
           overspreads
           the
           Papacy
           ,
           when
           you
           ,
           through
           the
           undeserved
           distinguishing
           Mercy
           of
           God
           ,
           have
           Light
           in
           your
           Dwellings
           .
           You
           are
           Happy
           ,
           if
           you
           know
           your
           own
           Happiness
           ,
           and
           are
           not
           weary
           of
           it
           .
           While
           you
           have
           the
           Light
           ,
           Rejoice
           in
           it
           ,
           and
           walk
           worthy
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           then
           God
           will
           Continue
           it
           to
           you
           and
           to
           your
           Posterity
           .
           
             So
             be
             it
          
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           BOOKS
           lately
           Printed
           for
           
             W.
             Rogers
          
           .
        
         
           THE
           Doctrines
           and
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           the
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           of
           Rome
           ,
           truly
           Represented
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           in
           Answer
           to
           a
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           ,
           
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             Misrepresented
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             and
             Represented
             ,
          
           &c.
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             protesting
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           ;
           being
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           not
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             Protestants
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             4to
          
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             Amicable
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           of
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           .
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           whole
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           ,
           between
           the
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           and
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           ;
           with
           an
           Answer
           to
           the
           Representer's
           last
           Reply
           ;
           in
           which
           are
           laid
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           .
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           and
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           and
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           ;
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           a
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           and
           a
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           in
           two
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           .
        
         
           Sermons
           and
           Discourses
           ,
           some
           of
           which
           never
           before
           Printed
           :
           The
           Third
           Volume
           .
           By
           the
           Reverend
           Dr.
           Tillotson
           ,
           Dean
           of
           
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             .
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           .
        
         
           A
           new
           and
           easie
           Method
           to
           learn
           to
           Sing
           by
           Book
           .
        
         
           A
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           of
           Cyphers
           or
           Letters
           Reverst
           .
        
         
           A
           Perswasive
           to
           frequent
           Communion
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           of
           the
           
             Lord's
             Supper
          
           .
           By
           
             John
             Tillotson
          
           ,
           Dean
           of
           Canterbury
           .
           In
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           .
           In
           8vo
           .
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           3
           d.
           
        
         
           The
           State
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           when
           the
           Reformation
           began
           .
        
         
           A
           Letter
           to
           a
           Friend
           ,
           Reflecting
           on
           some
           Passages
           in
           a
           Letter
           to
           the
           D.
           of
           P.
           in
           Answer
           to
           the
           Arguing
           Part
           of
           his
           first
           Letter
           to
           Mr.
           G.
           
        
         
           The
           Reflecters
           Defence
           of
           his
           Letter
           to
           a
           Friend
           ,
           against
           the
           Furious
           Assaults
           of
           Mr.
           
             I.
             S.
          
           in
           his
           second
           Catholic
           Letter
           .
           In
           four
           Dialogues
           .
           40.
           
        
         
           A
           Vindication
           of
           some
           Protestant
           Principles
           of
           Church-Unity
           and
           Catholick-Communion
           ,
           from
           the
           Charge
           of
           Agreement
           with
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           .
           In
           Answer
           to
           a
           late
           Pamphlet
           ,
           Intituled
           ,
           
             An
             Agreement
             between
             the
             Church
             of
          
           England
           
             and
             the
             Church
             of
          
           Rome
           ,
           
             evinced
             from
             the
             Concertation
             of
             some
             of
             her
             Sons
             with
             their
             Brethren
             the
             Dissenters
             .
          
           By
           
             William
             Sherlock
          
           ,
           D.
           D.
           Master
           of
           the
           Temple
           .
        
         
           
             The
             Protestant
             Resolved
             :
             or
             ,
             a
             Discourse
             shewing
             the
             Unreasonableness
             of
             his
             Turning
          
           Roman
           Catholick
           
             for
             Salvation
          
           .
           The
           2d
           Edition
           .
        
         
           A
           Discourse
           concerning
           the
           Nature
           of
           Idolatry
           ;
           in
           which
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Oxford's
           true
           and
           only
           Notion
           of
           Idolatry
           is
           Considered
           and
           Confuted
           4to
           .
        
         
           A
           Letter
           to
           the
           Superiours
           ,
           (
           whether
           Bishops
           or
           Priests
           )
           which
           Approve
           or
           License
           the
           Popish
           Books
           in
           England
           ,
           particularly
           to
           those
           of
           the
           Jesuits
           Order
           ,
           concerning
           
             Lewis
             Sabran
          
           a
           Jesuit
           .
        
         
           A
           Preservative
           against
           Popery
           ;
           being
           some
           Plain
           Directions
           to
           Unlearned
           Protestants
           ,
           how
           to
           Dispute
           with
           Romish
           Priests
           .
           In
           two
           Parts
           .
        
         
           A
           Vindication
           of
           both
           Parts
           of
           the
           Preservative
           against
           Popery
           .
        
         
           A
           Discourse
           concerning
           the
           Nature
           ,
           Unity
           and
           Communion
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           ;
           wherein
           most
           of
           the
           Controversies
           relating
           to
           the
           Church
           ,
           are
           briefly
           and
           plainly
           stated
           .
           The
           First
           Part.
           4to
           .
        
         
           These
           Four
           last
           by
           
             William
             Sherlock
          
           ,
           D.
           D.
           Master
           of
           the
           Temple
           .
        
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A46941-e160
           
             Resp.
             ad
             2.
             
             Obj.
             Art.
             5.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46941-e1290
           
             See
             the
             Book
             of
             Marryrs
             in
             Q.
             Marie's
             Reign
             .
          
           
             a
             Conficiunt
             ChristiCorpus
             &
             Sanguinem
             
               Catech.
               Trid.
            
             de
             Euch.
             ss
             .
             82.
             
             Edit
             .
             Lngdun
             .
             1676.
             
          
           
             †
             Catech.
             Trid.
             de
             Euch.
             Sect.
             31.
             
          
           
             †
             Sect.
             44.
             
             Ipsa
             se
             ,
             nulla
             alia
             re
             nisa
             ,
             substentant
             .
          
           
             ||
             Sect
             46.
             
             Nam
             cum
             a
             Communi
             Hominum
             natura
             maxime
             abhorreat
             Humanae
             carnis
             esca
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             †
             Sect.
             43
             
          
           
             Sect.
             43.
             
          
           
             †
             Coroll
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             *
             Trent
             .
             Cat.
             de
             Euch.
             Sect.
             30.
             
             Admirabili
             Integumento
             .
          
           
             a
             Translated
             into
             English
             ,
             and
             Printed
             at
             London
             1687.
             
          
           
             b
             School
             of
             the
             Eucharist
             ,
             pag.
             2
             ,
             4
             ,
             7
             ,
             8.
             19.
             
             &c.
             
          
           
             c
             Preface
             to
             the
             School
             of
             the
             Eucharist
             ,
             pag.
             22.
             
          
           
             a
             Sect.
             25.
             ut
             Omnino
             esse
             desinant
             .
          
           
             a
             Sect.
             82.
             
             Personam
             suscipiunt
             Personam
             gerens
             .