A plea for the bringing in of Irish cattel, and keeping out of fish caught by foreigners together with an humble address to the honourable members of Parliament of the countries of Cornwal and Devon, about the advancement of tin, fishery, and divers manufactures / by John Collins.
         Collins, John, 1625-1683.
      
       
         
           1680
        
      
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             A plea for the bringing in of Irish cattel, and keeping out of fish caught by foreigners together with an humble address to the honourable members of Parliament of the countries of Cornwal and Devon, about the advancement of tin, fishery, and divers manufactures / by John Collins.
             Collins, John, 1625-1683.
          
           [4], 38 p.
           
             Printed by A. Godbid and J. Playford,
             London :
             1680.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Tariff -- England.
           Ireland -- Commerce.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           PLEA
           For
           the
           bringing
           in
           of
           IRISH
           CATTEL
           ,
           And
           keeping
           out
           of
           FISH
           CAUGHT
           BY
           FOREIGNERS
           .
        
         
           TOGETHER
           With
           an
           humble
           Address
           to
           the
           Honourable
           MEMBERS
           of
           PARLIAMENT
           of
           the
           Counties
           of
           Cornwal
           and
           Devon
           ,
           about
           the
           Advancement
           of
           
             Tin
             ,
             Fishery
          
           ,
           and
           divers
           Manufactures
           .
        
         
           By
           
             JOHN
             COLLINS
          
           ,
           Accomptant
           to
           the
           ROYAL
           FISHERY
           Company
           .
        
         
           E
           Reg.
           Soc.
           Philomath
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             A.
             Godbid
          
           and
           
             J.
             Playford
          
           ,
           and
           are
           sold
           by
           
             Langley
             Curtis
          
           in
           Goat-Court
           on
           Ludgate-Hill
           ,
           1680.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           THE
           RAEDER
           .
        
         
           
             Courteous
             Reader
             ,
          
        
         
           THE
           
             Royal
             Fishery
          
           Company
           having
           lost
           a
           stock
           of
           
             11000
             l.
          
           chiefly
           by
           reason
           Six
           of
           their
           Seven
           Doggers
           ,
           (
           whereof
           Three
           were
           new
           built
           )
           together
           with
           their
           Ladings
           ,
           were
           taken
           in
           1676
           by
           the
           French
           ,
           were
           forced
           in
           July
           last
           to
           sell
           their
           Vessels
           and
           Stores
           to
           one
           Mr.
           
             Benjamin
             Watson
          
           Merchant
           ,
           with
           whom
           some
           others
           of
           the
           said
           Company
           were
           induced
           to
           adventure
           ,
           (
           by
           reason
           of
           Encouragements
           like
           to
           be
           obtained
           in
           the
           last
           Long
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           yet
           hoped
           for
           )
           to
           renew
           a
           small
           Fishery
           (
           as
           a
           Basis
           to
           a
           greater
           )
           to
           supply
           LONDON
           with
           Cod
           from
           about
           Michaelmas
           to
           Lady-day
           .
        
         
           Now
           for
           as
           much
           as
           such
           Little
           Fishery
           is
           blasted
           in
           the
           Bud
           with
           any
           fresh
           Loss
           ,
           and
           cannot
           thrive
           without
           keeping
           out
           Foreign
           Fish
           ,
           which
           were
           prohibited
           by
           the
           Irish
           Act
           ,
           and
           the
           said
           Act
           is
           ceased
           ,
           and
           now
           under
           Consideration
           of
           the
           Honourable
           
             House
             of
             Commons
          
           to
           be
           renewed
           ;
           it
           was
           necessary
           to
           offer
           what
           concerns
           the
           Fishery
           ,
           yea
           and
           when
           the
           Welfare
           of
           a
           Nation
           is
           at
           Stake
           ,
           it
           is
           but
           seasonable
           for
           
           any
           one
           that
           wisheth
           its
           Prosperity
           ,
           especially
           one
           that
           hath
           been
           Chief
           Clerk
           in
           His
           Majesty's
           late
           
             Council
             of
             Plantations
          
           ,
           where
           Arguments
           of
           like
           kind
           were
           winnowed
           ,
           to
           propound
           his
           Sentiments
           .
        
         
           These
           Considerations
           begot
           the
           following
           Discourse
           :
           Which
           expects
           to
           meet
           with
           many
           Opponents
           .
           But
           there
           's
           an
           able
           Pen
           in
           a
           Treatise
           now
           at
           the
           Press
           hath
           undertook
           to
           be
           an
           Advocate
           for
           the
           Importation
           of
           Irish
           Cattle
           :
           And
           I
           not
           knowing
           what
           Arguments
           he
           insists
           on
           ,
           nor
           consulting
           him
           ,
           and
           hearing
           his
           Book
           is
           large
           ,
           and
           fearing
           it
           may
           come
           out
           too
           late
           ,
           when
           the
           Debate
           is
           over
           ;
           took
           the
           opportunity
           to
           offer
           some
           sudden
           Thoughts
           about
           the
           same
           ,
           to
           prevent
           (
           if
           it
           may
           be
           )
           the
           fatal
           Subversion
           of
           the
           Trade
           of
           England
           ,
           which
           will
           thence
           ensue
           ,
           as
           is
           herein
           shewed
           by
        
         
           
             
               A
               Well-wisher
               to
               its
               Prosperity
            
             ,
             JOHN
             COLLINS
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           A
           PLEA
           for
           the
           bringing
           in
           of
           Irish
           Cattle
           ,
           and
           keeping
           out
           of
           Fish
           caught
           by
           Foreigners
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           FOreign
           Fish
           are
           kept
           out
           by
           
             an
             Act
             for
             the
             Encouragement
             of
             Trade
             ,
          
           of
           15.
           
           
             Reg.
             Car.
          
           2.
           the
           Epitome
           whereof
           is
           ,
           That
           after
           the
           first
           of
           August
           ,
           1664.
           no
           fresh
           Herring
           ,
           fresh
           Cod
           or
           Haddock
           ,
           Coal
           Fish
           or
           Gull
           Fish
           ,
           is
           to
           be
           imported
           ,
           but
           in
           
           English-built
           Ships
           or
           Vessels
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Certificate
           ,
           the
           Master
           and
           three
           Fourths
           of
           the
           Mariners
           to
           be
           English
           ,
           and
           which
           hath
           been
           fished
           ,
           caught
           ,
           and
           taken
           in
           such
           Ships
           or
           Vessels
           ,
           and
           not
           bought
           of
           Strangers
           ,
           on
           forfeiture
           of
           the
           Vessel
           and
           Fish
           ,
           one
           Moiety
           to
           His
           Majesty
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Moiety
           to
           the
           Informer
           .
        
         
           
             
               Foreign
               salt
               Fish
               though
               is
               to
               pay
               as
               followeth
               :
            
             
               
                 l.
                 
              
               
                 s.
                 
              
               
                 d.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Cod
                 Fish
                 the
                 Barrel
                 —
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 5
              
               
                 0
              
            
             
               
                 Consequently
                 the
                 Last
                 of
                 12
                 Barrels
                 —
              
               
                 3
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 0
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Hundred
                 cont
                 .
                 120
                 —
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 10
              
               
                 0
              
            
             
               
                 Cole
                 Fish
                 the
                 Hundred
                 of
                 120
                 —
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 5
              
               
                 0
              
            
             
               
                 Ling
                 the
                 Hundred
                 of
                 120
                 —
              
               
                 1
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 0
              
            
             
               
                 White
                 Herring
                 the
                 Last
                 —
              
               
                 1
              
               
                 16
              
               
                 0
              
            
             
               
                 Haddock
                 the
                 Barrel
                 —
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 2
              
               
                 0
              
            
             
               
                 Gull
                 Fish
                 the
                 Barrel
                 —
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 2
              
               
                 0
              
            
          
        
         
           By
           the
           said
           Act
           every
           Head
           of
           great
           Scotch
           Cattle
           imported
           after
           the
           24
           th
           of
           August
           ,
           and
           before
           the
           20
           th
           of
           December
           ,
           in
           any
           year
           ,
           is
           to
           pay
           20
           s.
           one
           Moiety
           to
           the
           Informer
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           to
           the
           Poor
           of
           the
           Parish
           .
        
         
           This
           Act
           is
           in
           force
           ,
           and
           by
           vertue
           of
           it
           Stock
           Fish
           not
           being
           caught
           by
           our
           Vessels
           ,
           are
           barr'd
           out
           .
        
         
           And
           by
           the
           
             Act
             against
             Importing
          
           Irish
           Cattle
           ,
           18.
           
           
             Reg.
             Car.
          
           2.
           no
           great
           Cattle
           ,
           Sheep
           ,
           or
           Swine
           ,
           or
           any
           Beef
           ,
           Pork
           ,
           or
           Bacon
           ,
           
           (
           except
           Sailing
           Provisions
           )
           are
           to
           be
           Imported
           from
           beyond
           Sea
           after
           the
           Second
           of
           February
           ,
           1666.
           hence
           Westphalia
           Hams
           are
           barr'd
           out
           .
        
         
           By
           the
           said
           Act
           no
           Ling
           ,
           Herring
           ,
           Cod
           ,
           or
           Pilchard
           ,
           fresh
           or
           salted
           ,
           dried
           or
           bloated
           ,
           or
           any
           Salmon
           ,
           Eels
           ,
           or
           Congers
           ;
           taken
           by
           any
           Foreigners
           ,
           are
           to
           be
           imported
           or
           sold
           on
           penalty
           of
           losing
           the
           same
           ,
           the
           one
           half
           to
           the
           Informer
           ,
           the
           other
           to
           the
           Poor
           of
           the
           Parish
           ;
           and
           the
           same
           Penalty
           is
           on
           Flesh
           before-mentioned
           .
        
         
           This
           Act
           is
           expired
           ,
           and
           is
           now
           endeavoured
           to
           be
           rendred
           perpetual
           .
        
         
           The
           Query
           may
           be
           ,
           What
           Clauses
           ought
           to
           be
           renewed
           ?
           And
           with
           what
           Exceptions
           ?
           And
           for
           what
           reason
           Fish
           or
           other
           Commodities
           ought
           to
           be
           kept
           out
           ?
        
         
           The
           Reason
           we
           take
           to
           be
           this
           :
        
         
           Those
           Provisions
           or
           Wares
           that
           England
           doth
           or
           may
           afford
           ,
           enough
           ,
           good
           ,
           and
           to
           spare
           ,
           ought
           not
           for
           our
           own
           Expence
           to
           be
           Imported
           or
           admitted
           from
           abroad
           .
        
         
           The
           Argument
           thus
           limitted
           is
           granted
           ,
           with
           two
           Cautions
           :
           The
           First
           is
           ,
           Provided
           one
           part
           can
           supply
           another
           without
           great
           inconvenience
           .
           The
           other
           is
           ,
           That
           there
           be
           some
           Grains
           of
           Allowance
           for
           delight
           or
           ornament
           ,
           besides
           necessity
           .
        
         
           Hence
           we
           having
           no
           Stock-Fish
           ,
           which
           being
           never
           salted
           is
           of
           great
           use
           in
           East-India
           ,
           and
           long
           Voyages
           ,
           that
           ought
           to
           come
           in
           :
           As
           to
           Cavair
           or
           Roes
           of
           Sturgeon
           ,
           and
           Sturgeon
           it self
           from
           the
           Sound
           ;
           Potargoe's
           ,
           or
           Roes
           of
           Mullets
           and
           Anchova's
           from
           Italy
           ,
           they
           were
           never
           barr'd
           ;
           and
           Westphalia
           Hams
           being
           chiefly
           for
           the
           City
           Treats
           ,
           may
           be
           admitted
           under
           the
           Exception
           of
           Delight
           .
           To
           which
           I
           shall
           not
           add
           three
           Vessels
           of
           Eels
           that
           usually
           and
           yearly
           come
           laden
           from
           Holland
           ,
           but
           leave
           it
           to
           the
           Parties
           concerned
           :
           And
           these
           being
           permitted
           ,
           all
           other
           Fish
           caught
           by
           Strangers
           that
           were
           not
           by
           the
           former
           Acts
           admitted
           ,
           may
           be
           kept
           out
        
         
           Though
           the
           Irish
           Act
           seems
           to
           be
           built
           upon
           the
           Reason
           abovesaid
           ,
           yet
           I
           have
           heard
           of
           another
           Motive
           thereof
           ;
           to
           wit
           ,
           after
           His
           Majesty's
           Restauration
           much
           Money
           was
           raised
           to
           disband
           the
           Army
           ,
           to
           releive
           His
           Majesty
           ,
           and
           pay
           his
           Debts
           ,
           and
           vast
           Sums
           brought
           out
           of
           the
           Country
           in
           Specie
           ,
           to
           carry
           on
           the
           first
           Dutch
           War.
           
        
         
           The
           Country
           finding
           the
           want
           of
           Money
           ,
           the
           returns
           whereof
           
           were
           much
           obstructed
           by
           the
           Plague
           in
           1665.
           whence
           also
           the
           expence
           and
           price
           of
           Provisions
           much
           fell
           ,
           began
           to
           complain
           we
           wanted
           People
           ,
           and
           to
           consider
           by
           what
           means
           it
           was
           possible
           to
           get
           the
           Money
           to
           return
           again
           into
           the
           Country
           .
           Some
           alledged
           there
           was
           no
           better
           way
           of
           doing
           it
           than
           by
           keeping
           out
           all
           Foreign
           Flesh
           and
           Fish
           ,
           to
           the
           end
           London
           paying
           dear
           for
           their
           Provisions
           ,
           the
           same
           would
           not
           only
           rise
           in
           price
           ,
           but
           hasten
           the
           return
           of
           the
           Money
           :
           Adding
           for
           Reason
           ,
           that
           as
           long
           as
           Provisions
           were
           cheap
           ,
           People
           would
           be
           lazy
           and
           forbear
           work
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           way
           to
           raise
           both
           Land
           and
           Provisions
           was
           to
           reduce
           Interest
           of
           Money
           to
           a
           low
           rate
           .
           And
           these
           Reasons
           ,
           with
           the
           first
           about
           England's
           Plenty
           prevailing
           ,
           an
           Act
           passed
           ,
           prohibiting
           God's
           Blessings
           .
        
         
           Others
           have
           undertaken
           to
           shew
           the
           ill
           Consequences
           thereof
           ,
           and
           therefore
           I
           shall
           not
           engage
           in
           it
           ,
           farther
           than
           to
           add
           two
           or
           three
           Arguments
           (
           that
           perchance
           are
           not
           obvious
           to
           them
           )
           as
           a
           means
           to
           occasion
           better
           measures
           to
           be
           taken
           ,
           than
           to
           pass
           this
           Act
           ,
           at
           least
           for
           any
           long
           time
           or
           perpetual
           .
        
         
           
             The
             First
             Argument
             .
          
           
             The
             Right
             Honourable
             the
             Lord
             Brereton
             lately
             deceased
             ,
             lent
             me
             a
             Paper
             to
             peruse
             ,
             that
             was
             a
             Copy
             of
             
               A
               Report
               of
               the
            
             Irish
             
               Council
               of
               Trade
            
             ,
             intended
             to
             be
             presented
             to
             his
             Excellency
             the
             Lord
             Lieutenant
             and
             Council
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             dated
             March
             26
             ,
             1673.
             in
             Obedience
             to
             
               An
               Order
               of
               Council
            
             of
             Jan.
             20
             ,
             1672.
             concerning
             the
             Trade
             and
             State
             of
             that
             Kingdom
             ;
             what
             were
             its
             Aggreivances
             ,
             and
             the
             Remedies
             .
             Amongst
             other
             Articles
             I
             find
             divers
             relating
             to
             England
             ,
             which
             are
             inserted
             at
             large
             into
             this
             Discourse
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             in
             Article
             15.
             it
             is
             alledged
             ,
             That
             Ireland
             pays
             a
             yearly
             Debt
             to
             England
             of
             about
             200000
             l.
             
          
           
             In
             Article
             16.
             't
             is
             said
             ,
             That
             while
             the
             Cattel-Trade
             for
             live
             Oxen
             and
             Sheep
             was
             open
             ,
             the
             value
             of
             all
             the
             Cattel
             exported
             to
             England
             never
             exceeded
             140000
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             ,
             whereof
             60000
             
               l.
               per
               annum
            
             was
             Commodity
             ,
             
             to
             wit
             ,
             Hides
             ,
             Tallow
             ,
             Wool
             ,
             and
             Freight
             ,
             so
             we
             had
             but
             80000
             l.
             in
             Flesh
             :
             In
             lieu
             whereof
             ,
             they
             had
             Goods
             from
             England
             to
             about
             three
             or
             four
             times
             the
             value
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             280000
             l.
             
          
           
             And
             Article
             17.
             the
             Customs
             between
             England
             and
             Ireland
             in
             the
             freest
             Trade
             ,
             are
             said
             to
             come
             to
             32000
             
               l.
               per
               annum
            
             ,
             as
             appears
             by
             their
             Custom-house
             Books
             .
             And
             therefore
             after
             a
             Harangue
             of
             some
             hard
             Measures
             in
             Article
             13.
             come
             to
             a
             result
             in
             these
             words
             Article
             17.
             
             That
             about
             one
             third
             of
             all
             the
             imported
             Manufactures
             might
             be
             made
             in
             Ireland
             ,
             and
             that
             about
             two
             Thirds
             of
             the
             Remainder
             might
             be
             more
             conveniently
             had
             from
             Foreign
             Parts
             than
             out
             of
             England
             :
             And
             Consequently
             it
             is
             scarce
             necessary
             at
             all
             for
             Ireland
             to
             receive
             any
             Goods
             out
             of
             England
             ,
             and
             not
             convenient
             to
             receive
             above
             one
             Fourth
             from
             thence
             of
             the
             whole
             which
             it
             needeth
             to
             Import
             ,
             the
             value
             whereof
             is
             under
             100000
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             .
          
           
             The
             Case
             being
             thus
             ,
             't
             is
             highly
             our
             Interest
             to
             admit
             not
             only
             Irish
             Cattel
             ,
             but
             all
             their
             Commodities
             ,
             to
             keep
             them
             by
             Agreement
             ,
             on
             equitable
             terms
             (
             hereafter
             propounded
             )
             from
             furnishing
             Foreigners
             ;
             their
             Hides
             were
             formerly
             wrought
             into
             Shoes
             ,
             and
             exported
             to
             the
             Plantations
             ;
             as
             also
             Tallow
             .
          
           
             And
             as
             to
             their
             Wool
             ,
             if
             they
             are
             permitted
             to
             export
             it
             ,
             either
             manufactured
             or
             unmanufactured
             ,
             it
             will
             in
             time
             ruine
             all
             the
             Wool
             and
             Cloth
             Trade
             of
             England
             ,
             for
             now
             they
             feed
             on
             their
             lean
             Cattel
             ,
             export
             their
             fat
             ,
             and
             increase
             their
             Flocks
             of
             Sheep
             .
          
           
             In
             sum
             ,
             Ireland
             can
             and
             doth
             sell
             to
             Foreigners
             Wool
             ,
             Hides
             ,
             Tallow
             ,
             Flesh
             ,
             and
             Fish
             ,
             at
             about
             one
             Moiety
             of
             what
             England
             can
             afford
             them
             at
             ;
             and
             seeing
             our
             Lead
             and
             Tin
             are
             also
             in
             a
             very
             declining
             condition
             ,
             as
             is
             
             hereafter
             shewed
             ,
             it
             follows
             ,
             that
             this
             must
             be
             redressed
             ,
             or
             our
             Commodities
             lie
             on
             our
             hands
             :
             The
             Merchants
             in
             their
             humble
             Remonstrance
             in
             1659.
             to
             the
             then
             pretended
             Parliament
             ,
             represented
             it
             as
             their
             judgment
             ;
             That
             for
             as
             much
             as
             the
             Ground
             of
             Ireland
             was
             of
             far
             less
             value
             than
             that
             of
             England
             ,
             an
             Acre
             there
             nor
             being
             worth
             4
             s.
             which
             is
             here
             worth
             40
             s.
             and
             Provisions
             so
             much
             cheaper
             ,
             and
             consequently
             the
             Labours
             of
             Men
             ;
             they
             might
             afford
             their
             Commodities
             one
             half
             cheaper
             than
             the
             English
             can
             do
             :
             So
             that
             in
             time
             ,
             if
             this
             were
             not
             redressed
             ,
             Ireland
             would
             get
             all
             the
             Trade
             from
             England
             ;
             but
             if
             not
             ,
             't
             is
             better
             to
             Trade
             with
             them
             on
             an
             Over-Ballance
             than
             not
             at
             all
             ;
             and
             better
             to
             lessen
             their
             Markets
             abroad
             ,
             than
             quite
             to
             obstruct
             our
             furnishing
             the
             same
             :
             Whence
             the
             Query
             resulting
             is
             this
             :
          
           
             Have
             we
             ,
             or
             is
             it
             fit
             we
             should
             have
             ,
             a
             Power
             over
             Ireland
             ,
             to
             hinder
             them
             from
             selling
             their
             Commodities
             in
             Foreign
             Parts
             ,
             when
             we
             will
             not
             have
             them
             our selves
             ?
          
           
             If
             we
             have
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             well
             observed
             ,
             of
             which
             take
             the
             following
             Narrative
             .
          
           
             Mr.
             
               Euclid
               Speidell
            
             a
             Custom-house
             Officer
             ,
             informs
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             year
             1678.
             there
             were
             40
             Ships
             lading
             of
             Wool
             Shipp'd
             off
             from
             Ireland
             ,
             that
             according
             to
             Cockets
             ought
             to
             be
             unladen
             in
             England
             ,
             but
             none
             of
             it
             arrived
             here
             ;
             the
             Contents
             he
             certainly
             knew
             not
             :
             But
             according
             to
             a
             moderate
             supposition
             ,
             Mr.
             Poyntz
             ,
             His
             Majesty's
             Tapestry-maker
             ,
             hath
             given
             the
             following
             Calculation
             ;
             to
             wit
             ,
             40
             Ships
             or
             Vessels
             at
             40
             Tuns
             each
             is
             1600
             Tuns
             ,
             which
             will
             employ
             29458
             Men
             ,
             Women
             ,
             and
             Children
             ,
             for
             a
             year
             ,
             allowing
             3
             Persons
             to
             a
             pound
             of
             Wool
             for
             a
             day
             ;
             in
             some
             of
             the
             faculties
             of
             Carding
             ,
             Spinning
             ,
             Combing
             ,
             Weaving
             ,
             Dying
             ,
             and
             Dressing
             ,
             
             which
             at
             6
             d.
             each
             
               per
               diem
            
             comes
             to
             268804
             
               l.
               per
               annum
            
             .
             And
             according
             to
             Mr.
             Poyntz
             all
             these
             Faculties
             may
             be
             estimated
             to
             employ
             96000
             Persons
             for
             a
             year
             ,
             who
             may
             earn
             in
             that
             time
             at
             moderate
             rates
             750000
             l.
             which
             if
             wrought
             beyond
             Sea
             ,
             is
             not
             only
             so
             much
             loss
             to
             His
             Majesty's
             Native
             Subjects
             ,
             but
             as
             much
             gain
             to
             Foreigners
             ,
             besides
             the
             loss
             of
             Navigation
             and
             Money
             ,
             if
             the
             same
             should
             come
             in
             upon
             us
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Second
             Argument
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             Suppose
             that
             Act
             pass
             ,
             and
             Irish
             Cattel
             are
             barr'd
             out
             ;
             and
             this
             in
             favour
             to
             the
             Western
             and
             Northern
             Parts
             ,
             or
             breeding
             Grounds
             :
             I
             say
             ,
             His
             Majesty
             and
             the
             Eastern
             and
             Southern
             Parts
             are
             for
             the
             present
             the
             losers
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             event
             the
             Nation
             shall
             have
             no
             Fishery
             ,
             nor
             by
             consequence
             be
             able
             to
             contest
             the
             Dominion
             of
             the
             Sea.
             Of
             each
             severally
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             His
             Majesty
             loseth
             most
             of
             the
             Customs
             of
             32000
             l.
             a
             year
             before-mentioned
             ;
             and
             also
             much
             by
             the
             over-dearness
             of
             Provisions
             for
             His
             Navy
             ,
             which
             are
             twice
             as
             dear
             at
             home
             ,
             as
             our
             Neighbours
             over
             the
             Water
             are
             furnished
             with
             them
             from
             Ireland
             (
             as
             followeth
             )
             ,
             in
             so
             much
             that
             if
             another
             War
             at
             Sea
             should
             happen
             ,
             the
             Nation
             in
             this
             respect
             must
             soon
             groan
             under
             it
             as
             an
             unsupportable
             burthen
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             Kingdom
             loseth
             the
             Navigation
             between
             England
             and
             Ireland
             and
             consequently
             the
             Employment
             of
             three
             or
             four
             hundred
             Sail
             of
             Ships
             and
             Vessels
             ,
             and
             the
             breeding
             of
             Mariners
             to
             manage
             them
             ,
             whereof
             (
             alas
             !
             )
             we
             have
             too
             few
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             Eastern
             and
             Southern
             Parts
             have
             lost
             their
             Victualling
             of
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             and
             of
             our
             own
             Merchant-men
             ,
             
             as
             may
             be
             plentifully
             proved
             from
             the
             Searchers
             Office
             at
             the
             Custom-house
             ,
             and
             't
             is
             already
             asserted
             in
             Print
             ,
             that
             our
             Ships
             for
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             Westerly
             or
             Southerly
             bound
             ,
             Victual
             here
             but
             for
             six
             Weeks
             ,
             and
             take
             in
             the
             rest
             of
             their
             Provisions
             in
             Ireland
             ,
             or
             Irish
             Provisions
             in
             Spain
             ,
             according
             to
             contract
             made
             for
             the
             same
             :
          
           
             Whereupon
             I
             put
             this
             Querie
             ?
          
           
             Shall
             English
             Ships
             be
             permitted
             to
             Victual
             in
             Ireland
             or
             not
             ?
          
           
             If
             yea
             ,
             then
             our
             Provisions
             are
             not
             spent
             at
             home
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             Hypothesis
             in
             keeping
             Cattel
             out
             ;
             and
             our
             Money
             must
             be
             returned
             to
             purchase
             them
             there
             .
          
           
             If
             the
             English
             shall
             not
             be
             allowed
             to
             Victual
             there
             ,
             I
             further
             Enquire
             ,
             shall
             the
             Irish
             be
             permitted
             to
             carry
             their
             Provisions
             abroad
             ,
             or
             sell
             them
             to
             strangers
             at
             home
             ,
             or
             both
             ?
             Have
             we
             power
             to
             impose
             upon
             them
             .
          
           
             If
             they
             shall
             be
             permitted
             to
             carry
             them
             abroad
             ,
             our
             Provisions
             cannot
             obtain
             Foreign
             vend
             ,
             as
             being
             much
             dearer
             than
             theirs
             :
             And
             when
             they
             Export
             their
             Provisions
             they
             will
             also
             Export
             their
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             furnish
             their
             returns
             .
          
           
             Of
             this
             take
             the
             following
             instance
             ;
             to
             wit
             ,
             a
             Sea
             Commander
             Captain
             Swaine
             informes
             ,
             that
             for
             5
             years
             past
             there
             were
             seldom
             less
             than
             20
             Irish
             Ships
             frequently
             at
             Dunkirk
             ,
             Laden
             with
             Beef
             ,
             Tallow
             ,
             Hides
             and
             Leather
             ,
             much
             Butter
             and
             some
             Wool
             ;
             And
             that
             all
             the
             Capers
             or
             Privateers
             during
             that
             time
             were
             furnished
             with
             these
             Provisions
             .
          
           
             That
             divers
             other
             Irish
             Ships
             furnisht
             Ostend
             :
             and
             many
             of
             them
             he
             hath
             seen
             at
             
               Nants
               ,
               Burnes
               ,
               Rochel
            
             .
          
           
           
             That
             at
             Dunkirk
             ,
             the
             Irish
             sold
             their
             Provisions
             at
             the
             following
             Rates
             .
          
           
             Tallow
             and
             Butter
             the
             Hundred
             Weight
             ,
             from
             20
             to
             22
             Livers
             ,
             That
             is
             ,
             from
             30
             s.
             to
             33
             s.
             whereas
             100
             l.
             of
             Butter
             cannot
             but
             cost
             dearer
             here
             ,
             a
             Liver
             may
             be
             reckoned
             at
             18
             pence
             ,
             and
             10
             Stivers
             to
             a
             Shilling
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             great
             disparity
             in
             Weight
             ,
             100
             l.
             there
             makes
             104
             l.
             here
             .
          
           
             A
             Barrel
             of
             Beef
             Weighing
             about
             2
             Hundred
             and
             a
             half
             ,
             from
             12
             to
             23
             Livers
             ;
             That
             is
             ,
             from
             seven
             and
             six
             pence
             ,
             to
             thirteen
             and
             eight
             pence
             the
             Hundred
             Weight
             .
          
           
             Tann'd
             Leather
             from
             14
             to
             18
             Stivers
             a
             Pound
             Weight
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             from
             16
             pence
             to
             21
             pence
             .
          
           
             That
             there
             was
             Imported
             but
             little
             Provisions
             besides
             Corn
             from
             England
             ,
             to
             wit
             Butter
             ;
             by
             which
             there
             was
             no
             great
             gain
             .
          
           
             Cod
             ,
             Salmon
             ,
             and
             Herrings
             ,
             abound
             most
             plentifully
             on
             the
             Irish
             Coasts
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             some
             years
             there
             hath
             been
             seen
             at
             Wexford
             ,
             no
             less
             than
             200
             sail
             of
             Ships
             at
             a
             time
             ,
             part
             English
             ,
             part
             French
             ,
             but
             most
             Dutch
             ,
             taking
             in
             Herrings
             and
             other
             Provisions
             ,
             where
             a
             mesh
             of
             Herrings
             containing
             about
             500
             is
             commonly
             sold
             for
             Four
             Shillings
             ,
             often
             under
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             higher
             ,
             and
             about
             two
             mesh
             fill
             a
             Barrel
             ,
             moreover
             Cod
             at
             other
             places
             are
             sold
             for
             4
             d.
             or
             5
             d.
             a
             peece
             .
          
           
             So
             that
             if
             this
             be
             permitted
             ,
             and
             no
             redress
             found
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             a
             folly
             to
             catch
             any
             Herrings
             in
             the
             Channel
             ,
             in
             hopes
             of
             a
             profit
             by
             sending
             them
             to
             Spain
             or
             into
             the
             Streights
             ,
             when
             at
             Yarmouth
             the
             first
             cost
             of
             a
             Barrel
             of
             Herrings
             is
             above
             double
             the
             value
             they
             cost
             at
             Wexford
             ,
             one
             Mr.
             
               Jared
               Hancock
            
             ,
             and
             others
             will
             attest
             the
             assertion
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Third
             Argument
             .
          
           
             Hence
             we
             must
             either
             allow
             Ireland
             a
             free
             Trade
             with
             others
             ,
             to
             the
             subversion
             of
             the
             Cloth
             Trade
             of
             England
             ,
             and
             the
             incredible
             prejudice
             of
             the
             Fishery
             ,
             and
             of
             Trade
             and
             Staple
             Commodities
             in
             general
             ;
             or
             by
             agreement
             with
             them
             on
             equitable
             terms
             ,
             (
             hereafter
             propounded
             )
             get
             so
             high
             a
             Duty
             of
             Customs
             laid
             on
             their
             Commodities
             as
             may
             ,
             if
             exported
             by
             Foreigners
             or
             by
             themselves
             ,
             unless
             to
             England
             ,
             render
             them
             of
             equal
             or
             rather
             higher
             value
             than
             the
             like
             Commodities
             in
             England
             ,
             and
             then
             take
             off
             as
             many
             of
             them
             as
             we
             can
             ,
             and
             furnish
             them
             to
             others
             (
             after
             improvement
             here
             )
             at
             the
             second
             hand
             ,
             the
             latter
             (
             if
             we
             will
             avoid
             our
             own
             destruction
             )
             is
             the
             choice
             to
             be
             made
             .
          
           
             Hence
             their
             Cattel
             ,
             &c.
             ought
             not
             to
             be
             refused
             ;
             and
             in
             what
             else
             can
             they
             pay
             England
             the
             debt
             before
             mentioned
             ,
             and
             over
             ballance
             of
             Trade
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Fourth
             Argument
             .
          
           
             The
             prime
             reason
             for
             Barring
             Foreign
             Commodities
             holds
             not
             in
             this
             case
             .
          
           
             The
             Irish
             Cattel
             in
             question
             ,
             with
             their
             Hides
             ,
             Tallow
             and
             Wool
             ,
             are
             not
             so
             much
             Imported
             for
             our
             expence
             ,
             as
             to
             Ship
             off
             ,
             to
             furnish
             Foreign
             Markets
             withal
             ,
             and
             are
             received
             in
             payment
             of
             an
             annual
             debt
             ,
             which
             cannot
             be
             well
             otherwise
             returned
             from
             Ireland
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             If
             we
             ought
             not
             for
             our
             own
             expence
             to
             be
             furnished
             with
             Commodities
             from
             abroad
             ,
             that
             we
             can
             supply
             our selves
             with
             at
             home
             ,
             then
             ought
             we
             to
             have
             no
             Foreign
             
               Salt
               ,
               Iron
               ,
               Brass
               ,
               Paper
               ,
               Tapestry-hangings
               ,
               
               Canvas
               ,
               Linnen
               ,
               Earthen-wares
               ,
               Madders
               ,
               Safflore
               ,
               Smalt
               ,
            
             hard
             Soap
             ,
             tinned
             Plates
             ,
             and
             divers
             other
             Commodities
             of
             lesser
             moment
             Imported
             ,
             and
             no
             
               Salt
               Petre
            
             from
             the
             
               East
               Indies
            
             ,
             nor
             Sugar
             from
             Portugal
             ,
             seeing
             our
             own
             Plantations
             will
             afford
             it
             .
          
           
             And
             if
             we
             admit
             these
             great
             concerns
             from
             Strangers
             ,
             't
             is
             more
             fit
             his
             Majesties
             Subjects
             should
             have
             a
             free
             Trade
             with
             one
             another
             ,
             for
             matters
             of
             far
             less
             moment
             :
          
           
             As
             to
             that
             straw
             ,
             that
             unless
             Provisions
             be
             dear
             the
             people
             will
             be
             lazy
             ,
             and
             will
             not
             work
             .
          
           
             Answer
             ,
             't
             is
             granted
             necessity
             begets
             industry
             ,
             yet
             notwithstanding
             if
             some
             will
             be
             idle
             ,
             it
             follows
             not
             that
             all
             or
             the
             Major
             part
             will
             be
             so
             :
             Poor
             people
             must
             either
             work
             ,
             beg
             ,
             or
             steal
             ;
             If
             the
             latter
             ,
             besides
             saving
             the
             Almes
             of
             the
             Parish
             ,
             there
             are
             Houses
             of
             Correction
             and
             punishment
             .
          
           
             Moreover
             goodness
             and
             cheapness
             are
             the
             main
             inducements
             to
             put
             off
             any
             Commodity
             :
             And
             it
             canot
             be
             well
             apprehended
             how
             Labour
             shall
             be
             cheap
             and
             Work
             plenty
             where
             Provisions
             are
             dear
             ,
             where
             the
             one
             riseth
             the
             other
             doth
             so
             likewise
             :
             As
             at
             London
             and
             in
             other
             places
             where
             Provisions
             are
             dearest
             Labor
             is
             dearest
             :
             And
             this
             assertion
             is
             contrary
             to
             experience
             in
             memory
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             before
             the
             year
             1640.
             
             Provisions
             were
             much
             cheaper
             than
             they
             are
             now
             ,
             and
             Labour
             likwise
             ,
             and
             work
             more
             plentifull
             ,
             for
             then
             we
             had
             a
             great
             Trade
             ;
             And
             about
             60
             Ships
             of
             about
             400
             or
             500
             Tuns
             burthen
             employed
             in
             the
             Streights
             ,
             which
             afterwards
             in
             1659.
             came
             to
             be
             reduced
             to
             6
             or
             thereabouts
             ,
             as
             the
             City
             represented
             to
             Olivers
             Council
             :
             Whereas
             on
             the
             contrary
             at
             present
             we
             have
             so
             little
             work
             that
             many
             thousands
             of
             Families
             of
             Salt-workers
             ,
             Rope-makers
             ,
             Weavers
             ,
             Dryers
             ,
             Potters
             ,
             Tanners
             ,
             &c.
             have
             no
             Employment
             .
          
           
           
             And
             to
             make
             Provisions
             dear
             as
             a
             means
             to
             make
             the
             poor
             work
             ,
             is
             the
             ready
             way
             to
             drive
             them
             into
             Foreign
             Plantations
             ,
             where
             they
             may
             either
             have
             greater
             Wages
             for
             their
             pains
             ,
             or
             Ground
             for
             Plantations
             given
             them
             by
             the
             Law
             of
             the
             Country
             .
             Those
             that
             are
             for
             grinding
             and
             made
             the
             Objection
             ,
             I
             suppose
             would
             not
             willingly
             undergo
             a
             mean
             comfortless
             drudgery
             themselves
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             that
             Allegation
             about
             a
             low
             rate
             of
             interest
             ,
             to
             the
             intent
             Lands
             and
             Provisions
             may
             rise
             in
             value
             :
          
           
             'T
             is
             granted
             and
             affirmed
             ,
             that
             according
             to
             the
             Laws
             of
             Arithmetick
             for
             yearly
             Purchases
             ,
             if
             Money
             be
             at
             4
             in
             the
             hundred
             ,
             Land
             should
             be
             at
             25
             years
             Purchase
             ;
             and
             at
             5
             in
             the
             hundred
             at
             20
             years
             Purchase
             :
             though
             the
             Effect
             doth
             not
             always
             follow
             the
             supposed
             Cause
             :
             As
             in
             the
             year
             1640.
             when
             Money
             was
             at
             8
             
               per
               Centum
            
             ,
             and
             Land
             should
             have
             been
             worth
             but
             12
             and
             a
             half
             years
             Purchase
             ,
             yet
             it
             was
             commonly
             sold
             for
             20
             years
             Purchase
             ;
             Whence
             take
             this
             Sorites
             .
          
           
             If
             Land
             rises
             ,
             the
             Commodities
             the
             Land
             yields
             must
             also
             rise
             ,
             otherwise
             the
             Tenant
             cannot
             pay
             his
             Rent
             .
          
           
             This
             rising-price
             must
             be
             paid
             either
             at
             home
             or
             abroad
             ,
             if
             neither
             ,
             consequently
             a
             low
             Rate
             of
             interest
             cannot
             advance
             the
             price
             of
             Lands
             .
          
           
             Cloth
             ,
             Lead
             ,
             and
             Tin
             ,
             are
             our
             chief
             Staple
             Commodities
             :
             And
             whether
             these
             will
             bear
             a
             considerable
             Rising
             price
             abroad
             or
             at
             home
             ,
             is
             the
             Querie
             :
          
           
             1.
             
             As
             for
             Cloth
             ,
             I
             hear
             the
             Merchants
             hazard
             is
             great
             and
             gain
             little
             ;
             and
             it
             was
             more
             formerly
             :
             This
             saith
             Mr.
             Baker
             ,
             an
             eminent
             Merchant
             in
             a
             Book
             of
             the
             Spanish
             and
             Smyrna
             Trade
             ,
             Printed
             in
             1659.
             page
             13.
             
             
               Intituled
               the
               Merchants
               Petition
               and
               Remonstrance
               .
            
          
           
             The
             Clothiers
             and
             others
             complain
             against
             the
             Merchants
             
             in
             general
             ,
             that
             they
             take
             not
             off
             and
             buy
             their
             Cloathes
             ,
             and
             other
             their
             Manufactures
             :
             nor
             give
             them
             such
             prices
             for
             them
             whereby
             they
             may
             make
             a
             Livelyhood
             .
          
           
             But
             the
             Turky
             Merchants
             complaints
             are
             very
             great
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             rather
             losers
             than
             gainers
             by
             the
             sales
             of
             their
             Cloth
             ,
             (
             on
             which
             Commodity
             I
             lately
             lost
             10
             per
             Cent
             out
             of
             my
             principal
             on
             an
             hundred
             Cloaths
             ,
             well
             bought
             and
             sorted
             ,
             that
             I
             sent
             to
             Smyrna
             :
             )
             And
             to
             put
             off
             our
             Cloth
             we
             are
             now
             forced
             to
             remit
             quantities
             of
             Monies
             to
             Purchase
             the
             Commodities
             of
             those
             Countries
             ;
             which
             tendeth
             very
             much
             to
             the
             consumption
             of
             the
             English
             Stock
             .
          
           
             At
             that
             time
             the
             Turks
             besieging
             Candy
             ,
             in
             reason
             Cloth
             should
             have
             sold
             dearer
             than
             now
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             far
             in
             the
             Inland
             Country
             ,
             and
             when
             Turky
             is
             supplyed
             with
             the
             Cloth
             of
             Germany
             by
             the
             Venetians
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             As
             to
             Lead
             ,
             Mr.
             Baker
             page
             8.
             saith
             ,
             that
             during
             the
             late
             (
             Usurper's
             )
             War
             with
             Spain
             ,
             the
             Spaniards
             wanting
             Lead
             Employed
             those
             that
             had
             skill
             in
             Mines
             ,
             who
             presently
             found
             most
             excellent
             Mines
             by
             Xaen
             ,
             and
             since
             they
             have
             needed
             little
             of
             ours
             from
             1634
             to
             1646.
             saith
             Capt.
             
               Thomas
               Bushell
            
             ,
             that
             great
             Miner
             ,
             in
             his
             Case
             printed
             in
             1649.
             pag.
             13.3
             or
             4
             Thousand
             Tuns
             yearly
             raised
             ,
             was
             and
             now
             is
             the
             Trade
             and
             Customs
             ,
             both
             by
             Transportation
             and
             Importation
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Concerning
             Tin
             ,
             I
             have
             heard
             divers
             Merchants
             of
             late
             years
             affirm
             ,
             they
             could
             not
             get
             the
             Interest
             of
             their
             Principal
             by
             it
             ;
             and
             when
             the
             Debate
             about
             Tin
             Farthings
             happened
             ,
             the
             Pewterers
             affirmed
             ,
             That
             there
             was
             22000
             l.
             worth
             of
             Tin
             at
             Smyrna
             remaining
             ,
             that
             had
             been
             some
             years
             in
             the
             hands
             of
             one
             Mr.
             Pythorne
             ,
             a
             Factor
             there
             ,
             that
             he
             could
             not
             sell
             to
             any
             advantage
             ;
             
             and
             it
             's
             well
             known
             that
             Tin
             was
             never
             so
             cheap
             at
             home
             ,
             nor
             more
             of
             it
             lying
             on
             our
             hands
             than
             now
             ,
             albeit
             His
             Majesty
             ever
             since
             1666.
             hath
             received
             no
             benefit
             by
             his
             Prerogative
             of
             praeemption
             ,
             nor
             is
             like
             to
             have
             any
             for
             the
             future
             ;
             whereas
             in
             former
             times
             it
             was
             farmed
             at
             12000
             
               l.
               per
               annum
            
             Rent
             .
          
           
             The
             Case
             being
             thus
             ,
             give
             me
             leave
             to
             make
             a
             Digression
             about
             the
             improvement
             of
             our
             Native
             Commodities
             .
          
           
             Endeavours
             have
             been
             on
             foot
             to
             restore
             this
             fallen
             branch
             of
             the
             Revenue
             by
             Farming
             it
             of
             His
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             coming
             to
             a
             Composition
             with
             the
             Miners
             of
             Cornwal
             to
             take
             off
             all
             the
             Tin
             the
             Mines
             yeild
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             1200
             Tuns
             
               per
               annum
            
             ,
             but
             there
             were
             two
             Rubs
             in
             the
             way
             ;
             the
             one
             was
             ,
             the
             Convocation
             could
             not
             well
             come
             to
             such
             an
             Agreement
             ,
             till
             an
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             was
             obtained
             to
             bind
             all
             particular
             Miners
             to
             stand
             to
             such
             contract
             as
             the
             said
             Convocation
             should
             make
             :
             The
             other
             was
             ,
             the
             Farmers
             would
             not
             undertake
             such
             Bargain
             without
             Covenanting
             with
             His
             Majesty
             ,
             to
             supply
             
               England
               ,
               Ireland
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Plantations
             ,
             with
             Tin
             Farthings
             ,
             a
             Pound
             weight
             of
             them
             to
             be
             cut
             into
             16
             Pence
             ,
             that
             by
             the
             profit
             of
             these
             Farthings
             the
             Farmers
             might
             be
             enabled
             to
             pay
             their
             Rent
             .
          
           
             This
             Design
             was
             opposed
             by
             the
             Mint
             as
             a
             gross
             cheat
             and
             an
             abuse
             to
             be
             put
             upon
             the
             Nation
             .
             Amongst
             many
             things
             alledged
             against
             Tin
             Farthings
             :
             I
             shall
             enumerate
             some
             of
             the
             most
             material
             ,
             as
          
           
             1.
             
             That
             a
             Metal
             might
             be
             made
             whiter
             and
             harder
             than
             Tin
             of
             poysonous
             Ingredients
             ,
             
               viz.
               Spelter
               ,
               Arsenick
               ,
               Regulus
            
             of
             Antimony
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             That
             such
             Metal
             ,
             when
             worn
             ,
             would
             not
             yeild
             above
             Two
             Pence
             a
             Pound
             ,
             or
             little
             more
             ,
             and
             no
             
             Pewterer
             durst
             use
             it
             ,
             as
             being
             contrary
             to
             Law.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             That
             Tin
             Farthings
             might
             be
             coyned
             with
             a
             Hammer
             ,
             cast
             in
             a
             Mold
             ,
             squeezed
             in
             a
             Vice
             ,
             and
             be
             counterfeited
             by
             any
             Tinker
             ,
             Plummer
             ,
             Smith
             ,
             Glasier
             ,
             Tinman
             ,
             Watchmaker
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             4.
             
             Hence
             a
             Query
             was
             put
             to
             the
             Farmers
             ,
             whether
             they
             would
             change
             all
             that
             were
             brought
             them
             or
             not
             ,
             good
             or
             bad
             ,
             either
             made
             by
             themselves
             or
             others
             ?
             And
             if
             so
             ,
             who
             should
             allow
             the
             Country
             and
             City
             Brewers
             their
             Charges
             ,
             in
             sending
             them
             up
             to
             London
             in
             Drays
             and
             Wagons
             ,
             with
             Tellers
             ?
          
           
             5.
             
             They
             refusing
             ,
             it
             was
             inferred
             ,
             that
             if
             Tin
             Farthings
             were
             Established
             ,
             His
             Majesty
             must
             receive
             His
             Revenue
             of
             Excise
             (
             and
             the
             Duke
             of
             York
             his
             Postage
             )
             in
             Tin
             Farthings
             ,
             in
             regard
             a
             Brewer
             cannot
             avoid
             the
             taking
             of
             much
             Money
             in
             Tin
             Farthings
             at
             home
             of
             Tub-Women
             and
             Firkin-Men
             ,
             and
             abroad
             of
             the
             Ale-house-keepers
             that
             are
             his
             Customers
             .
          
           
             These
             Arguments
             ruined
             that
             wretched
             Design
             ,
             and
             I
             pray
             let
             it
             sleep
             in
             its
             Rubbish
             .
          
           
             Afterwards
             one
             Mr.
             Vane
             deceased
             ,
             proposed
             a
             Design
             to
             make
             Tin
             the
             fundus
             of
             a
             Bank
             ;
             to
             be
             managed
             for
             His
             Majesty's
             advantage
             by
             Commissioners
             that
             were
             able
             Merchants
             ,
             that
             could
             pay
             the
             Miners
             by
             Contract
             for
             the
             Tin
             quarterly
             ,
             and
             be
             reimbursed
             by
             Sales
             ,
             when
             it
             should
             bear
             a
             price
             ,
             or
             by
             others
             that
             would
             have
             credit
             in
             the
             said
             Bank
             :
             And
             His
             Majesty
             to
             promote
             the
             same
             ,
             bought
             up
             60000
             l.
             of
             Tin
             when
             it
             was
             cheap
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             at
             3
             l.
             8
             s.
             6.
             d.
             the
             Hundred
             weight
             ,
             of
             which
             this
             was
             the
             event
             :
          
           
             The
             Plot
             breaking
             out
             ,
             and
             the
             Parliament
             not
             sitting
             ,
             such
             Contract
             could
             not
             be
             made
             with
             the
             Miners
             ;
             and
             the
             said
             Tin
             ,
             after
             it
             had
             with
             Warehouse
             room
             ,
             
             and
             Interest
             of
             Stock
             ,
             cost
             about
             3
             l.
             16
             s.
             the
             Hundred
             weight
             ,
             was
             sold
             at
             the
             African-House
             for
             about
             3
             l.
             the
             Hundred
             weight
             ,
             or
             little
             more
             ;
             and
             those
             that
             bought
             it
             so
             ,
             Shipp'd
             off
             most
             of
             it
             to
             Holland
             ,
             and
             are
             ruined
             by
             the
             bargain
             .
             And
             the
             cause
             is
             this
             :
          
           
             The
             East-Indies
             abounds
             with
             Tin
             ,
             which
             the
             Dutch
             buy
             there
             at
             about
             5
             d.
             a
             Pound
             ,
             and
             bring
             it
             home
             for
             Ballast
             Freight
             free
             ;
             and
             they
             have
             brought
             home
             so
             much
             in
             former
             years
             ,
             as
             to
             bring
             down
             the
             price
             of
             ours
             .
             See
             a
             Book
             of
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             printed
             in
             1667.
             where
             in
             pag.
             9.
             you
             have
             this
             passage
             :
          
           
             As
             for
             Tin
             ,
             there
             is
             vast
             quantities
             in
             some
             parts
             of
             India
             ,
             the
             Dutch
             during
             the
             time
             of
             the
             late
             proeemption
             of
             Tin
             having
             brought
             home
             in
             two
             years
             4
             or
             500
             Tuns
             :
             And
             it
             might
             be
             more
             advantagious
             to
             the
             English
             Company
             ,
             not
             only
             to
             transport
             Tin
             from
             one
             part
             of
             India
             to
             another
             ,
             rather
             than
             to
             send
             it
             from
             England
             ;
             but
             also
             to
             bring
             Tin
             from
             India
             to
             England
             ,
             for
             Ballast
             of
             their
             Ships
             that
             come
             with
             Pepper
             from
             Bantam
             ,
             did
             they
             not
             prefer
             the
             Kingdoms
             Interest
             before
             their
             private
             Profit
             .
          
           
             The
             Dutch
             ,
             in
             August
             1678.
             brought
             home
             ,
             as
             a
             Letter
             from
             Holland
             mentions
             ,
             above
             150
             Tuns
             ,
             which
             is
             said
             to
             be
             5
             s.
             a
             Hundred
             weight
             better
             than
             ours
             ;
             and
             at
             first
             sold
             it
             at
             3
             l.
             5
             s.
             the
             Hundred
             weight
             ,
             then
             fell
             to
             3
             l.
             then
             to
             2
             l.
             15
             s.
             and
             ours
             would
             not
             sell
             for
             above
             2
             l.
             10
             s.
             
          
           
             The
             Case
             being
             thus
             ,
             to
             apply
             a
             Remedy
             I
             must
             humbly
             Address
             my self
             to
             the
             Honourable
             the
             
               Members
               of
               Parliament
            
             that
             serve
             for
             the
             Counties
             of
             Devon
             and
             Cornwal
             ;
             and
             Propound
             ,
          
           
             That
             whereas
             we
             now
             in
             England
             make
             Salt
             the
             best
             yet
             known
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             are
             notwithstanding
             much
             
             oppressed
             by
             Foreign
             Salt
             ;
             to
             Redress
             which
             ,
             the
             Salt-workers
             have
             for
             many
             years
             endeavoured
             to
             bring
             on
             a
             small
             Excise
             on
             our
             own
             ,
             to
             recompence
             His
             Majesty
             for
             the
             loss
             of
             the
             Customs
             of
             Foreign
             ,
             to
             be
             kept
             out
             by
             a
             high
             Duty
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             That
             you
             be
             pleased
             no
             longer
             to
             oppose
             such
             Excise
             ,
             upon
             pretence
             that
             our
             English
             Salt
             will
             not
             cure
             your
             Pilchards
             .
          
           
             I
             have
             a
             Treatise
             of
             Salt
             ready
             for
             the
             Press
             ,
             shewing
             the
             several
             ways
             of
             making
             of
             Salt
             in
             England
             and
             other
             Countries
             ,
             and
             setting
             forth
             the
             Excellency
             and
             manner
             of
             using
             our
             own
             in
             curing
             both
             Flesh
             and
             Fish
             ,
             for
             the
             longest
             of
             Voyages
             through
             the
             hottest
             of
             Climates
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             That
             you
             vouchsafe
             to
             make
             use
             of
             such
             opportunity
             to
             remove
             all
             burthens
             upon
             Tin
             ,
             as
             well
             Sealing
             Duty
             of
             4
             s.
             a
             Hundred
             weight
             ,
             which
             may
             come
             to
             5000
             
               l.
               per
               annum
            
             (
             except
             a
             competent
             Recompence
             to
             the
             Officers
             for
             sealing
             such
             as
             is
             free
             from
             Iron
             and
             Dross
             ,
             according
             to
             Constitution
             ;
             )
             as
             also
             exporting
             Duty
             of
             7
             s.
             4
             d.
             a
             Hundred
             ,
             which
             may
             come
             to
             7000
             l.
             a
             year
             ,
             or
             more
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             That
             then
             a
             Farm
             of
             all
             the
             Tin
             the
             Mines
             produce
             ,
             be
             let
             to
             the
             Turky
             and
             
             Pewterer's
             Company
             ;
             the
             one
             will
             so
             regulate
             the
             Price
             abroad
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             at
             home
             ,
             that
             we
             shall
             not
             be
             undermined
             by
             the
             Dutch.
             
          
           
             This
             done
             ,
             the
             said
             Companies
             may
             erect
             a
             safe
             Bank
             ,
             and
             not
             be
             damaged
             ,
             albeit
             they
             have
             Tin
             on
             their
             hands
             to
             a
             vast
             quantity
             and
             value
             .
             The
             advantages
             of
             Banks
             are
             great
             ,
             whereof
             I
             shall
             mention
             but
             one
             ;
             It
             enables
             the
             Hollanders
             to
             Trade
             with
             a
             dead
             stock
             :
             to
             wit
             ,
             when
             a
             Laden
             Ship
             arrives
             ,
             the
             goods
             are
             appraised
             ,
             deposited
             in
             the
             Bankers
             Ware-houses
             and
             Credit
             given
             at
             home
             or
             in
             Foreign
             parts
             ,
             for
             about
             three
             quarters
             
             of
             their
             value
             ;
             which
             is
             an
             incredible
             advantage
             in
             Trade
             .
          
           
             I
             further
             humbly
             represent
             to
             you
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             Usurper's
             time
             an
             Excise
             of
             a
             half
             peny
             a
             Gallon
             brought
             in
             26000
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             when
             Fishery-Salt
             was
             excepted
             ,
             and
             paid
             nothing
             ,
             the
             which
             was
             observed
             to
             be
             a
             notable
             back
             door
             and
             a
             Cloak
             to
             many
             fallacious
             pretences
             ,
             whereas
             laying
             the
             duty
             universal
             ,
             the
             revenue
             raised
             by
             Fishery
             Salt
             ,
             being
             employed
             for
             the
             advantage
             of
             a
             Fishery
             Trade
             ,
             shall
             much
             more
             advance
             the
             design
             ,
             than
             the
             payment
             of
             such
             duty
             can
             hinder
             it
             ,
             especially
             seeing
             our
             Neighbours
             cannot
             be
             furnisht
             with
             Salt
             for
             that
             purpose
             so
             good
             and
             cheap
             ,
             as
             we
             by
             12
             or
             15
             per
             Cent
             ;
             And
             in
             case
             the
             same
             be
             employed
             in
             the
             Royal
             Fishery
             Company
             at
             London
             ,
             out-parts
             may
             complain
             their
             Fisheries
             are
             discouraged
             ;
             to
             which
             may
             be
             replied
             that
             at
             London
             a
             duty
             is
             paid
             upon
             Ballast
             ,
             but
             not
             the
             like
             in
             the
             out-ports
             or
             most
             of
             them
             ,
             where
             a
             revenue
             may
             be
             levied
             on
             Ballast
             to
             promote
             their
             respective
             Fisheries
             ;
             And
             if
             such
             duty
             be
             laid
             universal
             and
             well
             managed
             it
             may
             produce
             38000
             or
             40000
             l.
             a
             year
             .
             And
             such
             a
             stock
             as
             that
             Employed
             to
             encourage
             our
             Manufactures
             ,
             shall
             enrich
             the
             Nation
             much
             above
             a
             Million
             a
             year
             ;
             I
             offer
             how
             and
             most
             humbly
             move
             you
             to
             promote
             :
          
           
             1.
             
             In
             setting
             up
             a
             Fishery
             Company
             ,
             to
             have
             10000
             l.
             a
             year
             given
             them
             ,
             to
             Build
             Ships
             and
             Vessels
             to
             encourage
             Adventurers
             to
             undertake
             the
             Fishery
             Trade
             ,
             and
             the
             making
             of
             Twine
             Nets
             ,
             Canvas
             ,
             and
             Cordage
             ,
             at
             Clerkenwell
             work-house
             ,
             not
             only
             for
             their
             own
             use
             ,
             but
             also
             for
             his
             Majesties
             stores
             ;
             as
             is
             hereafter
             propounded
             .
             And
             if
             they
             be
             rendred
             a
             Council
             of
             Trade
             ,
             (
             for
             which
             reasons
             are
             afterwards
             given
             ,
             why
             they
             
             are
             or
             may
             be
             a
             most
             proper
             constitution
             ,
             )
             they
             will
             go
             far
             in
             earning
             such
             benevolence
             ,
             and
             doubtless
             give
             such
             advice
             as
             followed
             shall
             redress
             the
             aggreivances
             of
             the
             Nation
             about
             Trade
             and
             Manufactures
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             There
             is
             a
             new
             Art
             of
             preparing
             ,
             whitening
             ,
             and
             dressing
             both
             of
             Hemp
             and
             Flax
             ,
             that
             shall
             render
             it
             of
             a
             silver
             Colour
             ,
             so
             fine
             that
             of
             one
             pound
             of
             it
             a
             thread
             may
             be
             made
             20
             Miles
             long
             ,
             and
             in
             value
             to
             50
             s.
             or
             3
             l.
             Hence
             we
             want
             no
             Foreign
             Linnen
             nor
             Canvas
             ,
             which
             may
             be
             barr'd
             out
             by
             a
             high
             duty
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             refuse
             or
             Tow
             thereof
             ,
             of
             Raggs
             ,
             Old
             Fishery
             Netts
             and
             Sails
             ,
             may
             be
             made
             Paper
             ;
             whereof
             we
             spend
             in
             England
             in
             Writing
             and
             Printing
             ,
             about
             1000
             Reams
             a
             day
             ,
             or
             to
             the
             value
             of
             120000
             l.
             
               per
               Annum
            
             .
             Good
             Paper
             is
             made
             in
             Germany
             and
             Holland
             ;
             and
             the
             Art
             thereof
             is
             attained
             in
             England
             ;
             but
             to
             encourage
             the
             same
             here
             ,
             there
             wants
             a
             higher
             duty
             on
             Foreign
             Paper
             ;
             and
             a
             Company
             with
             a
             good
             stock
             to
             undertake
             the
             same
             ;
             the
             which
             might
             be
             the
             Stationers
             Company
             ,
             with
             other
             Adventurers
             ;
             to
             whom
             for
             encouragement
             might
             be
             allowed
             the
             use
             of
             5000
             l.
             
               per
               Annum
               Gratis
            
             ;
             to
             be
             taken
             out
             in
             Stationary
             Wares
             for
             the
             supply
             of
             all
             his
             Majesties
             Offices
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             By
             the
             like
             encouragement
             ,
             the
             Upholsterers
             with
             others
             might
             be
             induced
             to
             undertake
             the
             Manufacture
             of
             Tapistry
             hangings
             ,
             the
             benefit
             of
             gaining
             such
             Manufacture
             is
             great
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
             1.
             
             It
             will
             save
             an
             expence
             of
             Foreign
             Wool
             ,
             and
             beget
             an
             expence
             of
             our
             own
             ,
             to
             the
             value
             of
             One
             hundred
             thousand
             pounds
             
               per
               Annum
            
             ,
             now
             imported
             in
             Tapestry-hangings
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             It
             will
             cause
             our
             Cloaths
             to
             go
             off
             in
             Turkey
             in
             Barter
             ,
             to
             procure
             raw
             Silk
             to
             work
             up
             with
             the
             said
             Hangings
             .
          
           
           
             3.
             
             It
             will
             in
             the
             ballance
             of
             Trade
             save
             the
             value
             of
             such
             Hangings
             yearly
             to
             the
             Nation
             ,
             and
             in
             time
             become
             a
             Staple
             Commodity
             to
             Ship
             off
             ,
             in
             regard
             we
             can
             have
             Wool
             ,
             Silk
             ,
             and
             Provisions
             ,
             much
             cheaper
             here
             than
             in
             Flanders
             ,
             and
             Brabant
             ,
             the
             sole
             Provinces
             where
             this
             Manufacture
             was
             formerly
             made
             ,
             the
             skill
             whereof
             is
             now
             well
             attained
             in
             England
             ;
             but
             Encouragement
             in
             its
             Infancy
             by
             keeping
             out
             Foreign
             ,
             and
             a
             Stock
             to
             carry
             it
             on
             ,
             is
             wanting
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             It
             will
             employ
             many
             thousands
             of
             poor
             People
             in
             Carding
             ,
             Combing
             ,
             and
             Spinning
             ,
             besides
             Dyers
             ,
             Weavers
             ,
             Worsted-workers
             ,
             Drawers
             ,
             and
             D●signers
             .
             See
             the
             excellent
             Proposal
             in
             Print
             of
             Mr.
             
               Francis
               Poyntz
            
             ,
             His
             Majesty's
             Tapistry-maker
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             The
             Parliament
             having
             lately
             built
             30
             Men
             of
             War
             ,
             't
             is
             hazardous
             to
             trust
             them
             and
             many
             more
             in
             the
             River
             of
             Medway
             ;
             and
             besides
             ,
             their
             Moorage
             and
             Attendance
             is
             very
             chargeable
             :
             A
             wet
             Dock
             would
             add
             much
             to
             their
             safety
             ,
             and
             prevent
             much
             of
             the
             constant
             charge
          
           
             A
             Proposal
             may
             be
             drawn
             where
             to
             make
             such
             a
             Dock
             ,
             with
             a
             Pool
             behind
             it
             wherein
             to
             keep
             Masts
             sunk
             ,
             and
             at
             what
             Charge
             ;
             which
             might
             be
             defrayed
             out
             of
             the
             Excise
             upon
             Salt.
             
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             if
             there
             be
             yet
             a
             Surplus
             ,
             the
             Revenue
             of
             the
             Mint
             craves
             it
             ;
             the
             said
             Revenue
             was
             much
             too
             short
             for
             Coyning
             any
             considerable
             quantity
             of
             our
             Moneys
             into
             smaller
             pieces
             than
             Shillings
             ,
             even
             before
             the
             Prohibition
             of
             French
             Wines
             ,
             (
             which
             paid
             10
             s.
             a
             Tun
             Coynage-duty
             )
             and
             became
             a
             notable
             Abridgment
             of
             such
             Revenue
             ,
             namely
             ,
             6000
             l
             a
             year
             .
             Moreover
             to
             Coyn
             more
             Moneys
             small
             ,
             is
             the
             best
             way
             to
             accommodate
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             prevent
             its
             Exportation
             .
          
           
             Now
             ,
             after
             a
             long
             Digression
             ,
             having
             shewed
             that
             our
             Commodities
             will
             not
             yeild
             the
             intended
             rising
             Price
             abroad
             ,
             it
             seems
             ridiculous
             to
             suppose
             they
             should
             rise
             ,
             lying
             on
             our
             hands
             at
             home
             .
          
           
             I
             proceed
             to
             shew
             the
             languishing
             Condition
             of
             our
             Foreign
             Trade
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             opposition
             to
             those
             gross
             ignorant
             Flatterers
             ,
             that
             say
             ,
             England
             was
             never
             more
             thriving
             ,
             our
             Trade
             never
             greater
             ,
             nor
             safer
             ,
             and
             so
             endeavour
             to
             beget
             an
             Enmity
             in
             the
             Gentry
             ,
             or
             Country
             Party
             ,
             against
             the
             City
             ,
             the
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             Trading
             part
             of
             the
             Nation
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             our
             ready
             Money
             ,
             if
             we
             have
             about
             7000000
             of
             People
             in
             England
             and
             Wales
             ,
             as
             Mr.
             Graunt
             ,
             Sir
             
               William
               Petty
            
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             on
             rational
             grounds
             suppose
             ,
             and
             but
             1000000
             of
             ready
             Money
             ,
             
             as
             Mr.
             Mun
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             guess
             ;
             these
             ,
             if
             equally
             distributed
             ,
             would
             not
             be
             3
             s.
             a
             piece
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             our
             Foreign
             Trade
             ,
             I
             begin
             with
             that
             of
             the
             East-India
             ,
             where
             the
             Dutch
             have
             not
             less
             than
             50
             or
             60
             Men
             of
             War
             ,
             and
             such
             vast
             numbers
             of
             Trading
             Ships
             ,
             that
             it
             's
             ordinary
             to
             see
             140
             Sail
             at
             a
             time
             in
             Batavia
             Road
             ,
             from
             300
             Tuns
             burthen
             to
             1400
             Tuns
             ,
             not
             to
             mention
             37
             Magazines
             ,
             and
             20
             considerable
             Forts
             ,
             as
             we
             read
             ,
             asserted
             in
             the
             printed
             Translations
             of
             two
             French
             Treatises
             of
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             .
             How
             small
             our
             number
             of
             Trading
             Ships
             thither
             is
             ,
             (
             to
             wit
             ,
             15
             or
             16
             )
             and
             how
             great
             our
             danger
             ▪
             I
             need
             not
             to
             mention
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             West-India
             Trade
             ,
             they
             have
             in
             a
             former
             War
             got
             Surinam
             from
             us
             ,
             which
             (
             as
             the
             late
             Lord
             Brereion
             affirmed
             )
             hath
             sometimes
             yeilded
             about
             3000
             Tuns
             of
             Sugar
             in
             a
             year
             ,
             and
             will
             yeild
             as
             much
             of
             that
             Commodity
             ,
             Tobacco
             ,
             &c.
             as
             they
             can
             get
             hands
             to
             Plant
             and
             manage
             ,
             and
             being
             on
             the
             Main
             ,
             is
             more
             free
             from
             Hurricanes
             ,
             and
             more
             temperate
             ,
             than
             the
             Leeward
             Islands
             ;
             amongst
             the
             Westwardmost
             of
             which
             ,
             they
             have
             one
             called
             Curasao
             ,
             the
             Mart
             for
             their
             Negro's
             ;
             amongst
             the
             Eastwardmost
             they
             have
             Tabago
             ,
             and
             claim
             two
             little
             Islands
             from
             us
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             Sabia
             ,
             and
             Stacia
             aliàs
             Eustachia
             ,
             near
             St.
             
             Christopher's
             ,
             which
             the
             French
             took
             from
             us
             in
             1666.
             and
             by
             the
             Treaty
             of
             Breda
             were
             to
             restore
             ,
             but
             baffled
             us
             ▪
             selling
             them
             to
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             from
             whom
             our
             Governour
             Collonel
             Stapleton
             took
             them
             in
             1673.
             and
             the
             Dutch
             under
             Everson
             retook
             them
             in
             1674.
             he
             being
             gone
             ,
             valiant
             Stapleton
             retook
             them
             the
             same
             year
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             Conclusion
             of
             the
             last
             Peace
             with
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             it
             not
             being
             known
             (
             as
             is
             presumed
             )
             that
             they
             were
             in
             our
             hands
             ,
             we
             agreed
             to
             restore
             what
             was
             taken
             from
             them
             ,
             and
             they
             what
             was
             took
             from
             us
             ;
             accordingly
             they
             restored
             to
             us
             
               New
               York
            
             ,
             and
             expect
             to
             have
             Sabia
             and
             Stacia
             from
             us
             ,
             which
             ,
             if
             we
             keep
             ,
             will
             do
             us
             no
             good
             ;
             but
             if
             we
             restore
             much
             hurt
             ,
             for
             whilst
             the
             Dutch
             had
             them
             ,
             they
             framed
             the
             Timbers
             of
             Sloops
             in
             Holland
             ,
             carried
             them
             thither
             in
             the
             holds
             of
             their
             Ships
             ,
             and
             there
             compleatly
             built
             them
             ,
             a
             Sloop
             being
             a
             Vessel
             of
             about
             25
             or
             30
             Tuns
             burthen
             ,
             and
             with
             these
             they
             went
             a
             Trading
             by
             stealth
             to
             replenish
             our
             almost-ruin'd
             Islands
             with
             Negro's
             in
             barter
             for
             Commodities
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             Cottons
             ,
             Sugar
             ,
             Tobacco
             ,
             Indigo
             ,
             Ginger
             ,
             Fustick
             ,
             and
             other
             dying
             Stuffs
             ;
             and
             by
             vertue
             of
             such
             Trade
             with
             the
             French
             which
             they
             allow
             ,
             and
             with
             us
             by
             stealth
             or
             connivance
             ,
             they
             have
             some
             years
             laden
             home
             many
             Ships
             ,
             as
             12
             or
             more
             ,
             of
             Goods
             of
             the
             growth
             of
             those
             Islands
             ▪
             to
             His
             Majesty's
             great
             loss
             in
             the
             Customs
             ,
             and
             carrying
             them
             home
             into
             Holland
             ,
             and
             thence
             Exporting
             most
             of
             them
             to
             Foreign
             Markets
             almost
             Custom
             free
             ,
             were
             capacitated
             to
             under-sell
             us
             12
             or
             15
             
               per
               cent
            
             .
             and
             't
             is
             their
             chiefest
             aim
             in
             getting
             Islands
             there
             not
             so
             much
             to
             Plant
             ,
             as
             to
             drive
             on
             this
             kind
             of
             Trade
             .
             How
             great
             our
             loss
             of
             Negro's
             and
             Inhabitants
             was
             in
             1666.
             off
             the
             Islands
             of
             St.
             
               Christophers
               ,
               Montserat
            
             ,
             and
             Antego
             ,
             is
             not
             so
             proper
             to
             mention
             as
             bewail
             ,
             in
             regard
             the
             French
             have
             more
             Islands
             full
             Mann'd
             ,
             and
             a
             considerable
             Fleet
             commonly
             abroad
             in
             those
             Parts
             .
          
           
             Thus
             we
             see
             the
             danger
             of
             our
             West-India
             Trade
             ,
             except
             that
             of
             Newfound-Land
             ,
             for
             poor
             Jack
             in
             which
             we
             are
             undermined
             by
             the
             French
             ,
             and
             
               New
               
               Englanders
            
             by
             aid
             of
             1000
             of
             our
             own
             Seamen
             that
             stay'd
             there
             on
             shoar
             in
             1665.
             to
             avoid
             the
             Service
             against
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             where
             in
             a
             following
             years
             expedition
             our
             damage
             was
             so
             much
             ,
             that
             the
             Town
             of
             Dartmouth
             alone
             lost
             8000
             l.
             but
             of
             this
             more
             largely
             in
             my
             Salt
             Treatise
             .
          
           
             Before
             I
             come
             to
             our
             Streights
             Trade
             ,
             let
             us
             consider
             the
             Dutch
             advantages
             over
             us
             at
             home
             ,
             did
             they
             Trade
             meerly
             not
             to
             export
             again
             ,
             which
             are
             these
             :
          
           
             1.
             
             Their
             Ships
             lying
             for
             the
             most
             part
             at
             or
             near
             their
             own
             Doors
             or
             Ware-houses
             ,
             they
             save
             Lighterage
             and
             Cartage
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             They
             save
             Interest
             of
             Money
             ,
             not
             paying
             Duties
             there
             'till
             a
             Sale
             ,
             whereas
             here
             we
             pay
             Customs
             upon
             entry
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Their
             7
             Provinces
             ,
             Switzerland
             and
             Germany
             ,
             spend
             more
             imported
             Goods
             than
             England
             can
             spend
             ;
             these
             Countreys
             are
             furnished
             by
             Boats
             and
             Vessels
             ,
             some
             of
             40
             Tuns
             ,
             that
             go
             above
             500
             miles
             up
             the
             Rhine
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             Franckfort
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             now
             hard
             to
             do
             by
             aid
             of
             towing
             Engins
             in
             Boats.
             The
             late
             Lord
             Brereton
             affirmed
             ,
             the
             French
             make
             way
             up
             the
             River
             Rhodanus
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             most
             rapid
             hitherto
             known
             ,
             by
             a
             new
             Invention
             ,
             after
             the
             rate
             of
             4
             or
             5
             miles
             an
             hour
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Down
             these
             Rivers
             they
             are
             furnished
             with
             Rhenish
             Wines
             ,
             and
             other
             German
             Commodities
             ,
             in
             large
             flat-bottom'd
             Vessels
             built
             of
             great
             Timber
             ,
             never
             intended
             to
             return
             ,
             out
             of
             which
             they
             build
             their
             Doggers
             ,
             Busses
             ,
             and
             Fishery
             Vessels
             ,
             at
             about
             half
             the
             Rate
             we
             can
             do
             the
             like
             in
             England
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Their
             Bank
             enables
             them
             to
             borrow
             Money
             ,
             and
             to
             Trade
             with
             a
             dead
             Stock
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             Goods
             there
             deposited
             :
             By
             aid
             of
             such
             Bank
             ,
             they
             in
             former
             years
             furnished
             about
             80
             Sail
             of
             Trading
             Merchants
             Ships
             in
             the
             Streights
             of
             about
             600
             Tun
             ,
             and
             30
             Guns
             each
             ,
             with
             a
             Stock
             of
             ready
             Money
             to
             be
             let
             out
             at
             Bottomree
             ;
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             the
             Money
             is
             lent
             to
             Jews
             ,
             upon
             taking
             in
             a
             Cargo
             of
             Goods
             at
             one
             Port
             ,
             at
             the
             rate
             of
             10
             
               per
               cent
            
             .
             for
             Interest
             and
             freight
             ,
             less
             or
             more
             ,
             according
             to
             agreement
             ,
             the
             Owners
             to
             run
             all
             hazards
             whatsoever
             of
             Shipwrack
             ,
             Pirates
             ,
             &c.
             and
             when
             the
             Ship
             arrives
             at
             the
             Port
             whereto
             she
             is
             bound
             ,
             the
             Money
             is
             received
             on
             board
             before
             the
             Goods
             are
             delivered
             on
             shoar
             :
             In
             the
             mean
             while
             the
             Owners
             ensure
             at
             a
             moderate
             rate
             at
             home
             ,
             by
             this
             means
             sending
             out
             their
             Ships
             with
             East-India
             ,
             and
             Northern
             Commodities
             of
             Russia
             ,
             the
             
               Sound
               ,
               &c.
            
             they
             keep
             them
             in
             long
             Employment
             abroad
             .
             I
             have
             seen
             40
             of
             these
             kind
             of
             Ships
             at
             once
             employed
             as
             Men
             of
             War
             in
             the
             Venetian
             Fleet
             ,
             when
             the
             English
             have
             not
             had
             above
             two
             or
             three
             ;
             neither
             have
             we
             the
             like
             way
             of
             employing
             our
             Ships
             abroad
             ,
             or
             little
             practice
             it
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             The
             Dutch
             Trade
             ,
             as
             Carriers
             ,
             to
             supply
             all
             Foreign
             Markets
             with
             all
             sorts
             of
             Commodities
             ,
             the
             English
             Trade
             chiefly
             to
             export
             their
             own
             Goods
             ,
             and
             furnish
             Returns
             for
             their
             own
             Expence
             :
             And
             this
             comes
             to
             pass
             by
             reason
             we
             pay
             Customs
             ,
             or
             a
             Duty
             ,
             when
             we
             import
             Goods
             ,
             and
             they
             Excise
             ,
             that
             is
             a
             Duty
             not
             paid
             'till
             the
             Goods
             are
             sold
             for
             Expence
             .
             The
             Disparity
             is
             so
             great
             ,
             that
             it
             hath
             been
             the
             prime
             cause
             of
             the
             greatness
             of
             the
             Dutch
             Trade
             ,
             Wealth
             ,
             and
             Power
             at
             Sea.
             
          
           
             In
             1641.
             
             Mr.
             
               Lewes
               Roberts
            
             represented
             to
             the
             Long
             Parliament
             ,
             in
             his
             Book
             called
             
               The
               Treasure
               of
               Traffick
            
             ,
             two
             Examples
             thereof
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             suppose
             
             two
             Ships
             of
             equal
             burthen
             of
             300
             Tuns
             each
             ,
             to
             come
             out
             of
             the
             River
             of
             Bourdeaux
             laden
             with
             Wine
             ,
             the
             one
             arrives
             at
             London
             ,
             and
             pays
             Duties
             inward
             ,
             the
             other
             at
             Amsterdam
             ,
             and
             then
             both
             Export
             ;
             the
             Charges
             at
             London
             come
             to
             about
             1200
             l.
             and
             at
             Amsterdam
             60
             l.
             and
             in
             two
             Ships
             of
             Tobacco
             of
             200
             Tuns
             each
             ,
             the
             charges
             shall
             be
             here
             1000
             l.
             and
             in
             Holland
             120
             l.
             
          
           
             And
             by
             reason
             hereof
             the
             Hollanders
             use
             to
             employ
             about
             300
             Sail
             of
             Ships
             every
             Winter
             to
             bring
             in
             French
             Wine
             and
             Brandy
             to
             Ship
             off
             again
             ,
             to
             the
             quantity
             of
             40000
             Tuns
             ,
             by
             which
             they
             could
             not
             get
             less
             than
             2
             or
             300000
             l.
             and
             200
             Sail
             more
             for
             Salt.
             I
             have
             twice
             seen
             Fleets
             of
             theirs
             of
             about
             500
             Sail
             at
             a
             time
             in
             the
             Isle
             of
             Wight
             ,
             whereas
             the
             English
             only
             trade
             for
             11
             or
             12000
             Tuns
             of
             Wine
             yearly
             to
             spend
             .
          
           
             The
             Case
             being
             thus
             ,
             and
             our
             building
             and
             sailing
             with
             more
             hands
             more
             chargeable
             ,
             it
             is
             no
             wonder
             we
             do
             not
             much
             thrive
             ,
             albeit
             we
             drive
             on
             rather
             a
             great
             Navigation
             ,
             than
             a
             profitable
             Trade
             .
          
           
             This
             inconvenience
             was
             long
             since
             represented
             to
             King
             James
             by
             Sir
             
               Walter
               Rawleigh
            
             ,
             as
             we
             find
             in
             his
             little
             Book
             of
             
               Observations
               upon
               Trade
            
             ,
             printed
             in
             1653.
             pag.
             10.
             in
             these
             words
             :
          
           
             Of
             this
             their
             smalness
             of
             Custom
             (
             meaning
             in
             
               Holland
               ,
               Hamburgh
            
             ,
             &c.
             )
             inward
             and
             outward
             ,
             we
             have
             daily
             Experience
             ;
             for
             if
             two
             English
             Ships
             ,
             or
             two
             of
             any
             other
             Nation
             ,
             be
             at
             Bourdeaux
             ,
             both
             laden
             with
             Wine
             of
             300
             Tuns
             a
             piece
             ,
             the
             one
             bound
             for
             Holland
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             petit
             States
             ,
             the
             other
             for
             England
             ,
             the
             Merchant
             shall
             pay
             above
             900
             l.
             here
             in
             Duties
             ,
             when
             the
             other
             in
             Holland
             shall
             be
             cleared
             for
             50
             l.
             and
             so
             in
             all
             other
             Wares
             and
             Merchandizes
             accordingly
             .
          
           
             It
             ought
             to
             be
             an
             Instruction
             to
             a
             
               Council
               of
               Trade
            
             ,
             to
             State
             an
             Accompt
             thereof
             on
             every
             Commodity
             .
          
           
             He
             proceeds
             ,
             and
             saith
             ▪
             That
             this
             draws
             all
             Nations
             to
             Traffick
             with
             them
             ,
             and
             although
             it
             seems
             but
             small
             Duties
             which
             they
             receive
             ,
             yet
             the
             multitudes
             of
             all
             kind
             of
             Commodities
             and
             Coyn
             that
             is
             brought
             there
             ,
             and
             carried
             out
             by
             themselves
             and
             others
             ,
             is
             so
             great
             ,
             that
             they
             receive
             more
             Customs
             and
             Duties
             to
             the
             State
             (
             besides
             Excise
             )
             by
             the
             greatness
             of
             their
             Commerce
             in
             one
             year
             ,
             than
             England
             doth
             in
             two
             years
             ,
             for
             the
             hundredth
             part
             of
             the
             Commodities
             are
             not
             spent
             in
             Holland
             ,
             but
             vended
             into
             other
             Countreys
             ,
             which
             makes
             all
             the
             Country
             Merchants
             to
             buy
             and
             sell
             ,
             and
             increase
             Ships
             and
             Mariners
             to
             transport
             them
             .
             My
             Travels
             and
             meaning
             is
             ,
             neither
             hath
             been
             to
             diminish
             your
             Majesty's
             Revenues
             ,
             but
             exceedingly
             to
             encrease
             them
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             This
             might
             be
             remedied
             ,
             by
             changing
             that
             part
             of
             the
             Duty
             of
             Customs
             that
             concerns
             Foreign
             Goods
             ,
             into
             an
             Excise
             ,
             to
             be
             managed
             in
             the
             same
             places
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             same
             Offic●rs
             ,
             and
             that
             without
             detriment
             to
             the
             Revenue
             ,
             laying
             the
             Excise
             upon
             the
             Expence
             ,
             especially
             of
             Goods
             we
             may
             want
             ,
             or
             best
             spare
             ,
             high
             ,
             and
             yet
             hardly
             raise
             the
             price
             of
             them
             ,
             for
             where
             Goods
             are
             plenty
             they
             will
             be
             cheap
             ,
             and
             People
             will
             be
             rather
             content
             with
             a
             small
             profit
             at
             home
             ,
             than
             run
             the
             hazard
             of
             a
             greater
             abroad
             .
          
           
             If
             the
             advice
             of
             our
             renowned
             Hero
             had
             been
             followed
             ,
             the
             Dominion
             of
             the
             Sea
             had
             never
             been
             disputed
             ,
             which
             if
             once
             gained
             by
             our
             Adversaries
             ,
             
             (
             as
             an
             eminent
             Peer
             in
             his
             Speech
             ,
             well
             observed
             )
             is
             never
             to
             be
             lost
             ,
             or
             recovered
             ;
             and
             if
             so
             ;
             we
             might
             possibly
             be
             at
             their
             mercy
             :
             whether
             the
             River
             of
             Thames
             should
             be
             stopt
             from
             Coals
             and
             Trade
             or
             not
             .
          
           
             That
             we
             have
             lost
             the
             
               Greenland
               ,
               Muscovia
            
             and
             Fishery
             Trades
             ,
             is
             notorious
             .
             And
             all
             this
             digression
             ,
             is
             but
             to
             render
             Gentlemen
             that
             may
             possibly
             meet
             with
             this
             discourse
             ,
             more
             kind
             in
             their
             measures
             towards
             the
             trading
             part
             of
             the
             Nation
             :
             especially
             at
             such
             a
             time
             ,
             when
             our
             staple
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             Forreign
             Trades
             are
             under
             such
             circumstances
             :
             and
             we
             not
             out
             of
             danger
             of
             our
             Neighbours
             entring
             into
             a
             Conjunction
             against
             us
             .
          
           
             The
             Remedy
             we
             Propounded
             in
             the
             Third
             Argument
             ,
             will
             destroy
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             the
             profit
             ,
             the
             Irish
             could
             or
             might
             have
             had
             ,
             by
             Trading
             with
             any
             but
             our selves
             .
             We
             must
             therefore
             propound
             
               equitable
               Terms
               of
               amends
            
             ,
             Namely
             :
             that
             whereas
             we
             are
             now
             Furnished
             with
             Linnen
             ,
             and
             Canvas
             ,
             from
             Forreign
             parts
             ,
             to
             the
             value
             of
             much
             above
             a
             Milion
             a
             Year
             :
             We
             ought
             to
             encourage
             the
             planting
             of
             Hemp
             ,
             and
             Flax
             ,
             and
             the
             Manufactures
             thereof
             ,
             by
             keeping
             out
             Forreign
             ,
             both
             in
             Ireland
             and
             at
             home
             :
             And
             by
             taking
             off
             all
             that
             Ireland
             can
             furnish
             ▪
             allbeit
             ,
             it
             be
             to
             the
             value
             of
             400
             Thousand
             Pounds
             a
             Year
             :
             in
             that
             Commodity
             ,
             and
             in
             building
             and
             fitting
             out
             (
             if
             the
             Fishery
             Trade
             be
             well
             encouraged
             )
             Ships
             and
             Fishery
             Vessels
             ,
             Cordage
             ,
             Twine
             ,
             and
             Nets
             ,
             Sails
             ,
             and
             Barrels
             :
             which
             may
             be
             done
             there
             at
             Cheap
             rates
             ,
             so
             by
             that
             means
             encourage
             their
             industry
             ;
             and
             receive
             payment
             for
             the
             Debt
             ,
             payable
             to
             England
             aforesaid
             ;
             and
             for
             that
             great
             value
             of
             goods
             that
             used
             to
             be
             exported
             hence
             into
             Ireland
             .
             And
             withall
             allow
             them
             a
             Trade
             to
             our
             American
             plantations
             .
          
           
             This
             was
             the
             Advice
             of
             Mr.
             Baker
             ,
             and
             many
             eminent
             Merchants
             ,
             given
             to
             Oliver
             and
             his
             Council
             ;
             in
             1658.
             as
             we
             find
             it
             ,
             in
             Page
             14
             of
             his
             Book
             ,
             Intituled
             ,
             
               The
               Merchants
               Petition
               and
               Remonstrance
            
             :
             consented
             to
             by
             the
             Lord
             Mayor
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               How
               great
               Prudence
               ,
               and
               Right
               State
               Policy
               were
               it
               ,
               That
               all
               encouragements
               ,
               and
               immunities
               ,
               should
               be
               given
               to
               those
               of
            
             Ireland
             ,
             
               that
               should
               Sow
            
             ,
             Flax
             ,
             and
             Hemp
             ,
             
               and
               that
               the
               same
               might
               be
               made
               into
            
             Linnen
             ;
             whereby
             England
             
               might
               become
               dependant
               on
            
             Ireland
             
               for
               the
               same
               .
               Which
               would
               make
               that
               Country
               to
               become
               very
               Rich
               ,
               and
               Flourish
               ;
               And
               so
               the
               wealth
               of
               these
               Nations
               would
               be
               kept
               within
               themselves
               .
               And
               for
               a
               mutual
               Correspondency
               ;
               all
               the
               wools
               of
            
             Ireland
             ,
             
               shall
               be
               brought
               into
            
             England
             :
             
               and
               converted
               into
               Manufactures
               .
               And
               these
               Manufactures
               Exported
               into
            
             Ireland
             ,
             
               to
               pay
               neither
               Custome
               nor
               Excise
               .
               Whereby
               you
               will
               still
               keep
            
             Ireland
             
               dependant
               on
            
             England
             ;
             
               according
               to
               the
               practice
               of
               the
               King
               of
            
             Spain
             ,
             
               in
               the
            
             West-Indies
             :
             
               Where
               Vines
               for
               Wines
               ,
               Olave
               Trees
               ,
               for
               Oyles
               will
               grow
               better
               than
               in
            
             Spain
             .
             
               Yet
               none
               are
               suffered
               to
               be
               planted
               ,
               upon
               pain
               of
               Death
               ;
               because
               they
               may
               keep
               them
               dependant
               on
            
             Spain
             ,
             
               for
               the
               Commodities
               of
               their
               own
               growth
               ,
               and
               by
               which
               comes
               unto
               them
               most
               benefit
               .
               For
               if
               they
               should
               have
               permitted
               the
               planting
               of
               these
               in
               the
            
             West-Indies
             :
             
               they
               would
               not
               have
               needed
               that
               Assisttance
               from
            
             Spain
             .
             The
             West-Indies
             
               being
               large
               Territories
               :
               and
               the
               Ground
               of
               little
               value
               ;
               And
               the
               Ground
               of
            
             Ireland
             ,
             
               being
               of
               :
               far
               less
               value
               ,
               than
               that
               of
            
             England
             ;
             
               an
               Acre
               there
               ,
               not
               being
               worth
            
             4
             s.
             
               which
               is
               here
               worth
            
             40
             s.
             
               And
               Provisions
               being
               so
               much
               cheaper
               ,
               and
               consequently
               the
               Labours
               of
               men
               ,
               they
               may
               afford
               their
               
               Wool
               cheap
               ;
               which
               being
               wrought
               into
               Manufactures
               ,
               and
               that
               Countrey
               better
               situated
               than
            
             England
             ,
             
               for
               Forreign
               Exportations
               ,
               they
               might
               afford
               them
               the
               one
               half
               cheaper
               than
               the
            
             English
             
               should
               be
               able
               to
               do
               .
               So
               that
            
             Ireland
             
               in
               time
               ,
               would
               get
               all
               the
               Trade
               from
            
             England
             ;
             
               And
               it
               will
               be
               no
               prejudice
               to
               them
               ,
               to
               bring
               their
               Wools
               into
            
             England
             .
          
           
             
               Now
               the
               price
               of
               Wool
               ,
               will
               not
               therefore
               be
               the
               Cheaper
               in
            
             England
             :
             
               rather
               they
               will
               have
               thereby
               a
               greater
               value
               ,
               because
               the
               Commodities
               that
               are
               made
               of
               the
               same
               ,
               will
               be
               exported
               again
               into
            
             Ireland
             ;
             
               and
               ,
               Forreign
               parts
               ,
               where
               the
               prices
               of
               these
               Manufactures
               would
               otherwise
               be
               lessen'd
               .
               And
               consequently
               the
               Wools
               ,
               by
               how
               much
               they
               should
               make
               ,
               and
               Export
               from
            
             Ireland
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             This
             occasions
             me
             to
             say
             ,
             that
             Carolina
             is
             a
             Plantation
             that
             yields
             Wines
             ,
             Oyles
             ,
             Silks
             :
             As
             Sir
             
               Peter
               Colliton
            
             ,
             and
             others
             proved
             before
             his
             Majesties
             late
             Council
             of
             Plantations
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     The
                     Council
                     of
                     Trade
                     aforesaid
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     12
                     Article
                     ,
                     are
                     desirous
                     of
                     an
                     Accommodation
                     ;
                     and
                     thus
                     urge
                     .
                  
                   
                     If
                     the
                     Titles
                     of
                     Estates
                     in
                     Ireland
                     ,
                     be
                     the
                     more
                     hazardous
                     and
                     expensive
                     ,
                     for
                     that
                     England
                     ,
                     and
                     Ireland
                     ,
                     are
                     not
                     under
                     one
                     Legislative
                     Power
                     .
                     If
                     Ireland
                     till
                     now
                     ,
                     hath
                     been
                     a
                     continued
                     charge
                     to
                     England
                     ;
                     If
                     the
                     reducing
                     the
                     last
                     Rebellion
                     did
                     cost
                     England
                     three
                     times
                     more
                     in
                     Men
                     and
                     Money
                     ,
                     than
                     the
                     substance
                     of
                     the
                     whole
                     Country
                     ,
                     when
                     reduced
                     was
                     worth
                     .
                  
                   
                     If
                     it
                     be
                     just
                     that
                     men
                     of
                     
                       English
                       birth
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     Estates
                     ,
                     living
                     in
                     Ireland
                     ,
                     should
                     be
                     represented
                     in
                     the
                     Legislative
                     power
                     .
                     And
                     that
                     the
                     Irish
                     should
                     not
                     be
                     judged
                     by
                     those
                     ,
                     who
                     they
                     pretend
                     usurp
                     their
                     Estates
                     :
                     it
                     then
                     seems
                     just
                     and
                     convenient
                     ,
                     that
                     both
                     Kingdomes
                     should
                     be
                     United
                     ,
                     and
                     Governed
                     by
                     one
                     Legislative
                     Power
                     :
                     nor
                     is
                     it
                     hard
                     to
                     shew
                     how
                     this
                     may
                     be
                     made
                     practiable
                     ;
                     nor
                     to
                     satisfie
                     ,
                     repair
                     ,
                     or
                     silence
                     those
                     who
                     are
                     interested
                     ,
                     or
                     affected
                     to
                     the
                     contrary
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     ARTICLE
                     13.
                     
                     Articles
                     of
                     the
                     Council
                     of
                     Trade
                     before
                     mentioned
                     ,
                     at
                     large
                     .
                  
                   
                     IN
                     the
                     mean
                     time
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     wonderfull
                     ,
                     that
                     men
                     born
                     in
                     England
                     ;
                     who
                     have
                     Lands
                     granted
                     to
                     them
                     by
                     the
                     King
                     ,
                     for
                     Service
                     done
                     in
                     
                       Ireland
                       ▪
                    
                     to
                     the
                     Crown
                     of
                     England
                     ,
                     when
                     they
                     have
                     occasion
                     to
                     reside
                     ,
                     or
                     Negotiate
                     in
                     England
                     ,
                     by
                     their
                     Countrey
                     men
                     ,
                     Kindred
                     ,
                     and
                     Friends
                     ,
                     should
                     be
                     debarred
                     ,
                     to
                     bring
                     with
                     them
                     Food
                     ,
                     whereupon
                     to
                     live
                     .
                     Nor
                     suffered
                     to
                     carry
                     money
                     out
                     of
                     Ireland
                     :
                     Nor
                     to
                     bring
                     such
                     Commodities
                     as
                     they
                     fetch
                     from
                     America
                     directly
                     home
                     ,
                     but
                     round
                     about
                     by
                     England
                     :
                     with
                     extream
                     hazard
                     ,
                     and
                     loss
                     ,
                     and
                     be
                     forced
                     to
                     Trade
                     only
                     with
                     strangers
                     .
                     And
                     become
                     unacquainted
                     with
                     their
                     own
                     Countrey
                     ;
                     especially
                     when
                     England
                     gaineth
                     more
                     than
                     it
                     losses
                     ,
                     by
                     a
                     free
                     Commerce
                     ,
                     as
                     Exported
                     hither
                     ,
                     above
                     3
                     times
                     more
                     than
                     it
                     receiveth
                     form
                     hence
                     .
                     Insomuch
                     ,
                     as
                     95
                     l.
                     in
                     England
                     ,
                     was
                     worth
                     about
                     100
                     l.
                     of
                     the
                     like
                     mony
                     in
                     Ireland
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     free
                     time
                     of
                     Trade
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     ARTICLE
                     15.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     value
                     of
                     the
                     Estates
                     in
                     Ireland
                     ,
                     of
                     such
                     persons
                     as
                     do
                     usually
                     live
                     in
                     England
                     ;
                     the
                     Interest
                     of
                     the
                     Debts
                     of
                     Ireland
                     ,
                     due
                     and
                     prayable
                     to
                     England
                     :
                     The
                     pay
                     of
                     the
                     Forces
                     of
                     Ireland
                     ,
                     now
                     in
                     England
                     ;
                     The
                     Expence
                     and
                     Pensions
                     of
                     Agents
                     ,
                     and
                     Sollicitors
                     ,
                     commonly
                     residing
                     in
                     England
                     ,
                     about
                     
                       Irish
                       Affairs
                    
                     :
                     the
                     expence
                     of
                     Irish
                     and
                     English
                     Youths
                     :
                     now
                     upon
                     their
                     Education
                     ,
                     beyond
                     the
                     Seas
                     .
                     And
                     lastly
                     ,
                     the
                     supposed
                     profit
                     of
                     the
                     two
                     great
                     Farmes
                     now
                     on
                     Foot
                     ,
                     do
                     altogether
                     make
                     up
                     more
                     than
                     two
                     Hundred
                     Thousand
                     Pounds
                     a
                     Year
                     .
                     As
                     a
                     Debt
                     payable
                     to
                     England
                     ,
                     out
                     of
                     Ireland
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     ARTICLE
                     16.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     value
                     of
                     the
                     Cattel
                     ,
                     viz.
                     (
                     Live
                     Oxen
                     and
                     Sheep
                     )
                     Beef
                     ,
                     and
                     Mutton
                     :
                     carryed
                     out
                     of
                     Ireland
                     into
                     England
                     ;
                     was
                     never
                     more
                     than
                     140
                     Thousand
                     Pounds
                     
                       per
                       an
                    
                     .
                     The
                     Freight
                     ,
                     Hides
                     ,
                     Tallow
                     ,
                     and
                     Wooll
                     ,
                     of
                     the
                     said
                     live
                     Cattel
                     ;
                     were
                     worth
                     about
                     60
                     Thousand
                     Pounds
                     ,
                     of
                     the
                     said
                     140
                     Thousand
                     :
                     And
                     the
                     value
                     of
                     the
                     goods
                     imported
                     out
                     of
                     England
                     ,
                     into
                     Ireland
                     ,
                     when
                     the
                     Cattel
                     Trade
                     was
                     free
                     .
                     Was
                     between
                     Triple
                     ▪
                     and
                     Quadruple
                     :
                     the
                     Net
                     value
                     of
                     the
                     Oxen
                     ,
                     and
                     Sheeps
                     Flesh
                     ;
                     transported
                     from
                     hence
                     ,
                     into
                     England
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
        
         
           
             Concerning
             the
             New
             Art
             of
             Preparing
             Flax
             ,
             and
             Hemp
             ,
             before
             mentioned
             ;
             it
             hath
             formerly
             been
             imparted
             to
             divers
             Members
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             in
             the
             Words
             following
             .
          
           
             (
             The
             Proposers
             name
             ,
             being
             
               Franciscus
               Strick
            
             ,
             a
             Flemming
             )
          
           
             1.
             
             HE
             hath
             an
             Art
             ,
             to
             Dissolve
             it
             ,
             and
             make
             it
             extraordinary
             Fine
             ,
             Soft
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             Silver
             Colour
             ;
             so
             that
             both
             the
             Flax
             ,
             and
             Tow
             ,
             may
             be
             Spun
             to
             an
             extraordinary
             fineness
             ,
             and
             even
             Thread
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             Flax
             dressers
             ,
             that
             dresses
             Flax
             the
             ordinary
             way
             in
             all
             places
             ,
             cannot
             produce
             more
             than
             One
             Pound
             ,
             and
             a
             Quarter
             ,
             out
             of
             a
             stone
             of
             Flemish
             Flax
             ,
             which
             stone
             ways
             Six
             Pounds
             .
             And
             the
             Proposer
             can
             produce
             Four
             Pounds
             and
             a
             half
             fine
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             said
             Six
             Pounds
             ;
             that
             shall
             Spin
             as
             fine
             a
             Thread
             as
             theirs
             ,
             and
             shall
             bear
             a
             price
             currant
             with
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             In
             the
             dissolving
             ,
             he
             takes
             nothing
             from
             the
             Flax
             ,
             but
             the
             Earthy
             ponderous
             and
             unprofitable
             substance
             :
             which
             they
             must
             of
             necessity
             take
             out
             at
             last
             ,
             after
             the
             great
             charges
             ,
             in
             the
             Hackling
             and
             Spinning
             of
             the
             said
             Flax.
             
          
           
             4.
             
             They
             must
             Boyl
             ,
             or
             Scoure
             their
             Thread
             ,
             or
             Twine
             ,
             after
             it
             is
             Spun
             ,
             to
             take
             out
             that
             filthiness
             ,
             which
             the
             Proposer
             takes
             out
             before
             :
             And
             in
             so
             doing
             ,
             they
             lose
             out
             of
             every
             Pound
             of
             Twine
             ,
             one
             quarter
             of
             a
             Pound
             ;
             which
             is
             more
             worth
             ,
             than
             the
             whole
             stone
             of
             Flax
             ,
             before
             it
             was
             prepared
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             The
             Proposers
             Twine
             or
             Yarn
             ,
             needs
             not
             to
             be
             Boyled
             after
             it
             is
             Spun
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             thing
             done
             to
             it
             .
             Onely
             given
             to
             the
             Weaver
             ,
             or
             Throwster
             :
             to
             be
             Woven
             ,
             or
             Twined
             ,
             into
             fine
             Thread
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             It
             will
             be
             an
             evener
             Thread
             ,
             and
             the
             Weaver
             needs
             not
             to
             stiffen
             it
             ,
             
             (
             with
             size
             ,
             )
             as
             they
             do
             their
             own
             Thread
             ,
             by
             which
             means
             it
             will
             be
             much
             easier
             and
             more
             speedily
             Twined
             ,
             and
             will
             be
             much
             stronger
             :
             thereby
             the
             stock
             will
             have
             more
             speedy
             returnes
             .
             The
             Proposer's
             charge
             being
             but
             small
             ,
             in
             the
             preparing
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             The
             Tow
             may
             be
             spun
             as
             well
             as
             the
             Flax
             ;
             and
             the
             reason
             is
             ,
             because
             of
             its
             extraordinary
             fineness
             ,
             before
             it
             is
             hackled
             .
             For
             in
             the
             Hackling
             ,
             it
             is
             onely
             drawn
             together
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             spinning
             ,
             is
             easily
             drawn
             out
             again
             ;
             And
             it
             is
             appraised
             ,
             or
             rated
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             fineness
             thereof
             .
          
           
             8.
             
             Of
             Three
             Pounds
             ,
             or
             less
             ,
             of
             this
             Yarne
             :
             there
             may
             be
             pieces
             of
             
               Holland
               Woven
            
             ,
             cantaining
             50
             Ells
             flemish
             ,
             or
             30
             Ells
             English
             measure
             :
             Or
             fine
             Sewing
             Thread
             ,
             from
             Ten
             Shillings
             a
             Pound
             weight
             ,
             to
             Three
             or
             Four
             Pounds
             Sterling
             the
             Pound
             weight
             .
          
           
             9.
             
             What
             is
             affirmed
             concerning
             Flax
             ,
             is
             common
             to
             Hemp.
             It
             being
             prepared
             the
             same
             way
             ;
             And
             there
             may
             be
             made
             of
             it
             ,
             all
             sorts
             of
             died
             Thread
             ;
             fine
             Tykes
             for
             Beds
             ,
             all
             sorts
             of
             Fringes
             ,
             may
             be
             ,
             and
             commonly
             are
             Woven
             of
             the
             
               Hempen
               Yarn
            
             :
             And
             thereof
             better
             Linnen
             Cloth
             may
             be
             made
             ,
             than
             is
             generally
             made
             of
             Flax
             in
             England
             :
             as
             hitherto
             practised
             .
          
           
             10.
             
             Also
             a
             way
             will
             be
             found
             ,
             to
             draw
             the
             Negotiation
             of
             the
             French
             Sail
             Cloth
             ,
             and
             all
             kind
             of
             Tackle
             ,
             concerning
             Ships
             ,
             in
             as
             small
             or
             big
             Cordage
             ,
             as
             all
             other
             Nations
             afford
             ,
             a
             Third
             part
             lighter
             ,
             stronger
             ,
             and
             lesser
             stowage
             ;
             to
             more
             profit
             to
             the
             English
             Nation
             ,
             and
             Companies
             of
             Merchants
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             particular
             Trades
             .
          
           
             Thus
             far
             the
             Proposer
             .
             Others
             add
             ,
             that
             the
             Hurds
             ,
             offall
             refuse
             ,
             or
             Tow
             ,
             of
             Flax
             ,
             and
             Hemp
             ,
             will
             serve
             to
             make
             a
             weaker
             ,
             or
             a
             worser
             sort
             of
             Linnen
             ,
             or
             a
             good
             Printing
             and
             Writing
             Paper
             ,
             here
             in
             England
             ;
             some
             Tryals
             of
             all
             sorts
             whereof
             have
             been
             lately
             ,
             (
             and
             never
             before
             )
             made
             ,
             by
             Mr.
             
               Henry
               Million
            
             ,
             Stationer
             in
             the
             
               Old
               Bayley
            
             ;
             who
             deserves
             well
             of
             the
             whole
             Nation
             ;
             for
             his
             indefatigable
             pains
             ,
             in
             promoting
             the
             
               Paper
               ,
               Woollen
            
             ,
             and
             Linnen
             ,
             Manufactures
             ;
             and
             well
             understands
             the
             Art
             of
             preparing
             of
             Hemp
             ,
             and
             Flax.
             
          
           
             And
             whereas
             it
             is
             objected
             ,
             that
             
               English
               Hemp
            
             ,
             even
             that
             which
             is
             dew
             wet
             ,
             and
             not
             River
             wet
             ,
             is
             not
             so
             long
             ;
             nor
             will
             not
             take
             Tarr
             ,
             to
             make
             Cables
             of
             ,
             as
             
               Swedish
               Hemp
            
             doth
             ,
             and
             consequently
             ,
             hath
             not
             that
             strength
             ,
             or
             durability
             .
          
           
             To
             this
             't
             is
             answered
             .
             That
             it
             hath
             been
             affirmed
             at
             the
             Royal-Society
             ;
             That
             the
             late
             Earl
             of
             Strafford
             ,
             sent
             over
             an
             Agent
             ,
             to
             Riga
             ,
             to
             observe
             on
             what
             Ground
             ,
             Hemp
             ,
             and
             Flax
             Royal
             ,
             as
             they
             call
             it
             ,
             grew
             there
             :
             And
             to
             bring
             over
             some
             of
             the
             seed
             ,
             &c.
             which
             being
             planted
             in
             Ireland
             ,
             grew
             very
             well
             .
             And
             that
             the
             Hemp
             being
             fine
             drest
             ,
             took
             Tarr
             ;
             why
             may
             not
             the
             like
             be
             done
             in
             England
             ?
             and
             some
             say
             it
             is
             in
             York-shire
             :
             the
             reason
             our
             Hemp
             will
             not
             take
             Tarr
             ,
             is
             conceived
             to
             be
             ,
             either
             because
             it
             is
             not
             fine
             enough
             drest
             ,
             or
             over
             hard
             ▪
             I
             have
             heard
             of
             a
             Rope
             maker
             ,
             that
             having
             wetted
             our
             Hemp
             in
             May
             dew
             ,
             steeved
             the
             same
             for
             some
             time
             ;
             that
             it
             might
             somewhat
             swelter
             ,
             moisten
             ,
             or
             impair
             it self
             ;
             and
             then
             it
             took
             Tarr
             but
             although
             our
             Hemp
             should
             not
             be
             fit
             to
             make
             great
             Cordage
             ;
             as
             Cables
             ,
             and
             Halsers
             .
             Yet
             it
             is
             much
             coveted
             ,
             and
             used
             by
             Forreigners
             ,
             and
             our selves
             ,
             for
             small
             rigging
             :
             And
             is
             affirmed
             to
             be
             much
             lighter
             ,
             and
             stronger
             ,
             than
             any
             Forreign
             Cordage
             of
             the
             same
             size
             .
          
           
           
             I
             believe
             ,
             there
             only
             wants
             some
             good
             Experiments
             to
             be
             made
             ,
             to
             determine
             the
             matter
             ,
             whether
             our
             
               English
               Hemp
            
             ,
             will
             take
             Tarr
             :
             and
             hope
             some
             of
             the
             Lords
             of
             the
             Committee
             ,
             of
             his
             Majesties
             Privy
             Council
             for
             Trade
             ,
             will
             give
             order
             ,
             to
             some
             of
             his
             Majesties
             Rope-makers
             ,
             to
             try
             the
             Experiments
             ,
             before
             the
             Royal-Society
             .
          
           
             Enquiry
             being
             made
             at
             the
             Royal-Society
             ,
             what
             was
             known
             ,
             concerning
             the
             aforesaid
             Art
             of
             ,
             preparing
             Flax
             and
             Hemp
             ,
             Answer
             was
             given
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             That
             this
             Art
             of
             preparing
             ,
             and
             dressing
             of
             Flax
             ,
             and
             Hemp
             ,
             was
             long
             known
             ,
             and
             practised
             ,
             by
             Mr.
             
               Charles
               Howard
            
             ,
             Brother
             to
             the
             Duke
             of
             Norfolk
             :
             who
             many
             Years
             since
             ,
             had
             shewed
             divers
             Examples
             of
             Hemp
             ,
             and
             Flax
             ,
             so
             prepared
             ;
             as
             also
             to
             one
             Mr.
             Stephens
             .
             And
             that
             Engines
             ,
             or
             Tools
             might
             be
             contrived
             ,
             so
             far
             to
             facilitate
             the
             work
             ,
             that
             one
             man
             therewith
             furnished
             ,
             should
             dispatch
             as
             much
             ,
             as
             divers
             could
             do
             without
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             That
             there
             are
             divers
             Marsh
             ,
             Sandy
             Clay
             ,
             and
             other
             Grounds
             ,
             on
             the
             Coasts
             of
             England
             ,
             and
             Wales
             ,
             belonging
             to
             the
             Crown
             ,
             that
             ly
             wast
             ,
             or
             turn
             to
             little
             ,
             or
             no
             benefit
             ,
             that
             might
             properly
             be
             made
             use
             of
             ,
             for
             planting
             of
             Hemp
             ,
             and
             Flax
             ,
             which
             admirably
             prepares
             for
             Corne.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             That
             Mr.
             
               Charles
               Howard
            
             ,
             lately
             imparted
             this
             new
             art
             of
             preparing
             ,
             and
             Whitening
             of
             Flax
             ,
             and
             Hemp
             ,
             to
             one
             Mr.
             Fermin
             ,
             who
             before
             he
             knew
             it
             ,
             is
             said
             to
             have
             Spun
             Thread
             so
             fine
             ,
             out
             of
             Flax
             ,
             that
             one
             Pound
             hath
             yielded
             20
             Thousand
             Ells
             ,
             but
             now
             can
             produce
             much
             more
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             How
             much
             the
             working
             of
             Rough
             Hemp
             ,
             into
             Cables
             ,
             and
             wrought
             Cordage
             ,
             hath
             been
             discouraged
             ;
             may
             be
             taken
             from
             an
             instance
             at
             Yarmouth
             ,
             put
             in
             Print
             ,
             by
             one
             Mr.
             Bowers
             ,
             a
             Merchant
             of
             that
             place
             ;
             who
             presented
             his
             Papers
             ,
             to
             divers
             Members
             of
             the
             House
             ,
             setting
             forth
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             That
             in
             Anno
             1653.
             
             Four
             Rope-makers
             of
             Yarmouth
             ,
             wrought
             up
             208
             Tuns
             of
             Hemp
             ,
             for
             the
             then
             Parliament
             ,
             besides
             what
             they
             ,
             and
             Six
             Master
             Rope-makers
             ,
             wrought
             up
             for
             private
             uses
             ,
             a
             good
             part
             whereof
             ,
             was
             
               English
               Hemp.
            
             
          
           
             2.
             
             That
             the
             whole
             Town
             at
             present
             ,
             doth
             not
             make
             7
             Tuns
             of
             Cordage
             in
             a
             Year
             .
             Whereas
             in
             those
             times
             ,
             there
             was
             4
             or
             500
             stone
             ,
             at
             14
             lib.
             the
             stone
             ,
             of
             
               English
               Hemp
            
             ,
             (
             besides
             Forreign
             )
             wrought
             up
             weekly
             into
             Cordage
             ,
             and
             now
             it
             falls
             short
             of
             30
             Stone
             .
          
           
             Mr.
             Cooke
             ,
             in
             a
             discourse
             of
             the
             Norway
             Trade
             ,
             saith
             ,
             that
             we
             have
             lost
             the
             making
             of
             2800
             Tuns
             of
             Cables
             ,
             and
             Cordage
             ,
             Yearly
             ,
             in
             the
             County
             of
             Norfolk
             .
             The
             cause
             thereof
             is
             :
          
           
             The
             Customes
             of
             Cordage
             ,
             and
             Cable
             Yarn
             ,
             being
             Forreign
             wrought
             ,
             and
             commonly
             bad
             ,
             are
             but
             8
             Pence
             the
             Hundred
             weight
             ,
             the
             same
             with
             the
             Customes
             of
             rough
             ,
             or
             unwrought
             Hemp.
             
          
        
         
           
             The
             Consequences
             hereof
             are
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Importation
             of
             Hemp
             unwrought
             ,
             is
             obstructed
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             Marsh
             Grounds
             on
             the
             Coasts
             ,
             and
             within
             
               Lincoln-shire
               ,
               Norfolk
               ,
               Essex
               ,
               Kent
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             Formerly
             Sown
             with
             Hemp
             ,
             either
             ly
             waste
             ,
             or
             are
             now
             for
             want
             of
             a
             proportionable
             Consumption
             Sown
             with
             Corn
             ,
             to
             an
             incredible
             detriment
             .
          
           
           
             3.
             
             The
             Employment
             and
             skill
             ,
             many
             poor
             People
             might
             attain
             unto
             ,
             in
             Sowing
             ,
             Planting
             and
             Manufacturing
             such
             Hemp
             ,
             either
             for
             Netts
             ,
             Twine
             ,
             Canvas
             ,
             Cordage
             ,
             &c.
             
             Is
             lost
             ,
             and
             for
             want
             thereof
             ,
             Rents
             ,
             and
             Lands
             ,
             are
             fallen
             ,
             and
             the
             Parishes
             are
             burthened
             with
             such
             poor
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             The
             Nation
             ,
             if
             a
             Warr
             breaks
             out
             ,
             when
             his
             Majesties
             stores
             are
             not
             thoroughly
             replenished
             ,
             may
             ly
             under
             a
             surprize
             ,
             and
             either
             be
             barr'd
             the
             Sound
             ,
             or
             be
             driven
             to
             great
             inconveniences
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Remedy
             .
          
           
             Is
             ,
             to
             continue
             the
             present
             duty
             of
             8
             
               d.
               per.
            
             Hundred
             weight
             on
             unwrought
             ,
             or
             rough
             Hemp
             ,
             and
             to
             enlarge
             the
             duty
             of
             Customes
             on
             Cordage
             ,
             and
             Cable
             Yarn
             ,
             imported
             ,
             5
             or
             6
             s.
             the
             Hundred
             weight
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Consequences
             will
             be
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             If
             Hemp
             be
             either
             imported
             or
             sown
             here
             ,
             it
             will
             give
             Imployment
             to
             the
             People
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             If
             Cordage
             ,
             and
             Cable
             Yarn
             ,
             be
             still
             imported
             (
             as
             it
             is
             like
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             for
             some
             Years
             )
             the
             duty
             is
             multiplied
             to
             his
             Majesties
             advantage
             ;
             As
             for
             instance
             ,
             the
             Town
             of
             Yarmouth
             ,
             Yearly
             spends
             ,
             2
             Thousand
             Tuns
             of
             Cordage
             ,
             or
             thereabouts
             ,
             which
             at
             8
             d.
             the
             Hundred
             weight
             Custome
             comes
             to
             1333.6
             s.
             8
             d.
             Whereas
             ,
             at
             6
             s.
             the
             Hundred
             weight
             ,
             the
             Customes
             would
             come
             to
             12000.
             l.
             The
             like
             is
             the
             case
             of
             other
             places
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             the
             expence
             of
             the
             Nation
             in
             Linnen
             ,
             Cordage
             ,
             and
             Canvas
             ,
             cannot
             be
             less
             than
             a
             Million
             a
             Year
             .
             With
             which
             ,
             it
             is
             fit
             we
             should
             supply
             our selves
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             we
             can
             ,
             by
             discouraging
             Forreign
             ,
             by
             an
             imposition
             ,
             of
             a
             Penny
             an
             Ell
             ,
             and
             possibly
             a
             higher
             duty
             on
             Flax
             ,
             and
             unwrought
             Hemp
             ,
             to
             encourage
             the
             Planting
             of
             it
             here
             ,
             in
             which
             case
             we
             must
             be
             wary
             ,
             that
             it
             be
             not
             oppressed
             ,
             with
             Taxes
             ,
             and
             Tyths
             .
             Now
             to
             encourage
             the
             Manufacturing
             we
             offer
             ,
          
        
         
           
             A
             Proposal
             for
             the
             Advancement
             of
             the
             Fishery
             ,
             and
             employment
             of
             the
             Poor
             .
          
           
             FOrasmuch
             ,
             as
             the
             Fishery
             probably
             connot
             prosper
             ,
             without
             good
             encouragements
             ;
             and
             in
             time
             of
             peace
             ,
             cannot
             well
             employ
             their
             Boys
             in
             Summer
             time
             ,
             and
             furthermore
             ,
             a
             Warr
             may
             happen
             ,
             and
             prevent
             Fishing
             ;
             And
             consequently
             ,
             cause
             the
             adventurers
             to
             give
             over
             :
             To
             prevent
             such
             inconveniences
             ,
             it
             is
             proposed
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             That
             the
             Royal-Fishery
             Company
             ,
             undertake
             the
             making
             of
             Canvas
             ,
             at
             Clerken-well
             workehouse
             ,
             to
             supply
             his
             Majesties
             stores
             with
             ,
             it
             being
             well
             known
             ,
             that
             our
             own
             Canvas
             is
             as
             good
             ,
             and
             as
             strong
             ,
             yea
             ,
             better
             than
             any
             Forreign
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             That
             his
             Majesty
             be
             graciously
             pleased
             ,
             to
             take
             off
             to
             the
             value
             of
             10
             
             Thousand
             Pounds
             
               per
               a●
            
             .
             paying
             for
             the
             same
             quarterly
             aforehand
             ,
             allowing
             the
             Company
             to
             gain
             half
             a
             Crown
             in
             the
             Pound
             ,
             that
             in
             10000
             l.
             will
             come
             to
             1250
             l.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             That
             the
             Company
             pay
             his
             Majesty
             10
             
               per
               cent
            
             .
             for
             the
             advance
             of
             the
             Money
             ,
             out
             of
             such
             bounty
             or
             benevolence
             ,
             the
             Parliament
             shall
             be
             pleased
             to
             give
             ,
             which
             if
             but
             narrow
             :
             may
             be
             in
             this
             manner
             enlarged
             ,
             by
             letting
             the
             Company
             gain
             that
             in
             his
             Majesties
             affaires
             ,
             which
             otherwise
             must
             be
             got
             by
             others
             .
          
           
             
               Courteous
               Reader
            
             ,
             Thou
             mayest
             perceive
             the
             Advantage
             I
             have
             taken
             from
             a
             report
             ,
             agreed
             and
             drawn
             up
             by
             a
             Council
             of
             Trade
             in
             Ireland
             ,
             and
             if
             we
             had
             enjoyed
             a
             good
             one
             continually
             in
             England
             ,
             with
             proper
             instructions
             ,
             I
             believe
             the
             Nation
             might
             have
             been
             twice
             as
             rich
             and
             much
             stronger
             at
             Sea
             ,
             than
             now
             it
             is
             .
             I
             my self
             about
             three
             years
             since
             ,
             drew
             up
             a
             Draught
             of
             instructions
             :
             such
             as
             do
             not
             interfere
             with
             the
             work
             of
             the
             present
             Committee
             ,
             of
             his
             Majesties
             most
             honourable
             privy
             Council
             ,
             for
             Trade
             ,
             with
             a
             Narrative
             of
             the
             losses
             of
             our
             English
             Fisheries
             ,
             in
             all
             making
             about
             7
             Sheets
             of
             Paper
             ,
             and
             intend
             to
             publish
             the
             same
             :
             after
             it
             hath
             obtained
             License
             ,
             from
             one
             of
             his
             Majesties
             Principal
             Secretaries
             of
             State
             ,
             for
             there
             are
             some
             things
             in
             it
             ,
             of
             a
             private
             Nature
             ,
             and
             others
             that
             much
             concern
             the
             advancement
             of
             his
             Majesties
             revenue
             ,
             and
             prevention
             of
             frauds
             .
          
           
             The
             preamble
             is
             this
             .
             That
             as
             soon
             as
             such
             Council
             shall
             be
             constituted
             ,
             and
             their
             House
             agreed
             upon
             ,
             that
             it
             be
             declared
             to
             all
             the
             Nation
             ,
             in
             the
             Gazets
             ,
             and
             upon
             the
             Exchange
             :
             That
             his
             Majesties
             Gracious
             intentions
             ,
             in
             erecting
             the
             same
             is
             to
             encourage
             the
             Manufactures
             ,
             and
             employ
             the
             poor
             of
             the
             Nation
             .
             And
             that
             hereupon
             ,
             all
             Merchants
             ,
             Trades-men
             ,
             Corporations
             ,
             Counties
             ,
             and
             places
             ,
             be
             invited
             and
             desired
             ,
             to
             send
             up
             their
             Complaints
             ,
             and
             aggreivances
             about
             Trade
             ,
             and
             Manufactures
             ,
             or
             any
             Act
             relating
             thereto
             ,
             to
             the
             Secretary
             ,
             who
             is
             to
             Collect
             ,
             and
             draw
             up
             out
             of
             all
             Papers
             sent
             in
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             procurable
             ,
             all
             that
             can
             be
             pertinently
             said
             ,
             on
             any
             argument
             of
             Trade
             ,
             by
             way
             of
             Debitor
             and
             Creditor
             :
             all
             that
             can
             be
             said
             ,
             pro
             on
             one
             side
             or
             the
             left
             hand
             Page
             ;
             and
             all
             Contra
             on
             the
             right
             hand
             Page
             ,
             observing
             the
             like
             Method
             ,
             in
             Replies
             ,
             and
             Duplies
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             of
             the
             Inland
             instructions
             was
             about
             the
             Irish
             Act
             ,
             to
             consider
             some
             Laws
             in
             being
             ,
             whether
             they
             hinder
             ,
             or
             encourage
             Trade
             ,
             particularly
             the
             Irish
             Act
             about
             Cattel
             .
             And
             to
             be
             the
             better
             satisfied
             about
             the
             same
             ,
             to
             send
             to
             all
             Counties
             ,
             and
             Corporations
             ,
             for
             their
             sentiments
             therein
             ,
             how
             much
             they
             conceive
             they
             are
             benefited
             ,
             or
             damaged
             thereby
             ,
             and
             to
             give
             an
             account
             of
             how
             much
             feeding
             ,
             and
             breeding
             grounds
             they
             have
             ,
             and
             thence
             accordingly
             ,
             to
             state
             an
             Accompt
             ,
             and
             Report
             in
             readiness
             ,
             when
             called
             for
             ,
             the
             like
             for
             the
             Act
             of
             Navigation
             ;
             and
             whether
             our
             Trade
             to
             the
             Sound
             be
             not
             obstructed
             thereby
             ,
             and
             the
             building
             of
             Ships
             ,
             and
             Vessels
             ,
             for
             the
             Norway
             and
             Fishing
             Trades
             hindred
             ,
             and
             what
             the
             Annual
             damage
             may
             be
             .
          
           
             And
             the
             first
             Instruction
             about
             Forreign
             affairs
             was
             .
             That
             whereas
             ,
             suits
             of
             Law
             ,
             in
             Chancery
             ,
             about
             Merchants
             Accompts
             ,
             depend
             long
             there
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             trouble
             of
             the
             Court
             ,
             the
             vexation
             of
             the
             Masters
             ,
             to
             whom
             the
             same
             are
             referred
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             event
             ,
             to
             the
             ruine
             of
             the
             Parties
             concerned
             ;
             to
             prevent
             
             which
             ,
             the
             Instruction
             is
             to
             obtain
             the
             Constitution
             of
             the
             Court
             of
             Merchants
             in
             Holland
             ,
             for
             ending
             Suits
             of
             that
             nature
             ,
             and
             to
             consider
             whether
             the
             like
             may
             not
             without
             inconveniency
             be
             put
             in
             practice
             here
             ,
             and
             what
             additional
             Laws
             ,
             Constitutions
             ,
             and
             Instructions
             ,
             will
             be
             necessary
             for
             the
             setling
             thereof
             .
          
           
             The
             Reasons
             of
             such
             Instruction
             Mr.
             Baker
             thus
             renders
             :
          
           
             That
             tedious
             Law
             Suits
             create
             great
             Expence
             ,
             (
             which
             otherwise
             would
             go
             in
             Trade
             to
             the
             benefit
             of
             the
             whole
             Nation
             )
             the
             makers
             of
             the
             Law
             not
             understanding
             Accompts
             ,
             could
             not
             provide
             for
             the
             same
             ;
             and
             the
             Councellors
             having
             their
             Study
             by
             the
             Law
             ,
             and
             they
             and
             the
             Judges
             having
             no
             experience
             in
             Merchants
             affairs
             ,
             or
             skilled
             in
             Accompts
             ,
             they
             cannot
             be
             so
             competent
             Deciders
             and
             Judges
             thereof
             ,
             and
             great
             inconveniencies
             come
             unto
             all
             Traders
             for
             want
             of
             such
             a
             Court
             (
             where
             rhe
             Parties
             alone
             and
             their
             Witnesses
             should
             be
             heard
             )
             spending
             both
             their
             Monies
             and
             their
             time
             in
             Law
             ,
             and
             after
             many
             years
             of
             Contest
             ,
             for
             the
             most
             part
             their
             business
             is
             referred
             out
             of
             Chancery
             to
             Merchants
             ,
             or
             ended
             at
             Law
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             ,
             at
             hit
             or
             miss
             ,
             when
             very
             often
             both
             Parties
             have
             spent
             more
             than
             double
             the
             value
             of
             the
             thing
             they
             contested
             for
             ,
             being
             necessitated
             for
             every
             motion
             or
             tryal
             to
             have
             many
             Lawyers
             on
             both
             sides
             :
             Whereas
             in
             Spain
             ,
             and
             other
             parts
             ,
             there
             can
             be
             admitted
             for
             each
             Party
             but
             one
             Lawyer
             ,
             nor
             can
             there
             be
             more
             present
             in
             any
             of
             the
             Courts
             where
             the
             Causes
             are
             tryed
             ,
             than
             one
             Lawyer
             for
             the
             Plaintiff
             ,
             and
             another
             for
             the
             Defendant
             ;
             and
             to
             the
             eminentest
             of
             them
             20
             s.
             is
             an
             extraordinary
             pay
             ,
             when
             he
             shall
             attend
             purposely
             for
             the
             hearing
             of
             that
             one
             Cause
             several
             days
             .
             To
             which
             may
             be
             added
             ,
             that
             it
             discourages
             Merchant-Strangers
             to
             live
             and
             trade
             with
             us
             .
          
           
             Being
             loth
             to
             omit
             mentioning
             such
             an
             Aggreivance
             ,
             I
             come
             now
             to
             give
             the
             Reader
             a
             Copy
             of
             a
             Paper
             formerly
             drawn
             up
             to
             assert
             ,
             that
             the
             Royal-Fishery
             Company
             when
             well
             filled
             and
             constituted
             ,
             are
             proper
             to
             be
             rendred
             
               A
               Council
               of
               Trade
            
             ,
             but
             with
             this
             limitation
             :
          
           
             That
             it
             be
             not
             hence
             concluded
             that
             none
             but
             the
             Fishery
             Company
             ,
             nor
             all
             of
             them
             ought
             to
             be
             concerned
             in
             such
             a
             Council
             ,
             nor
             that
             others
             shall
             be
             excluded
             ;
             the
             Regulation
             and
             Choice
             as
             to
             Number
             and
             Persons
             ,
             is
             most
             humbly
             submitted
             to
             His
             Majesty's
             grave
             Prudence
             ,
             who
             by
             adding
             some
             eminent
             Persons
             to
             such
             a
             Company
             ,
             may
             have
             the
             more
             frequent
             Informations
             how
             such
             Affairs
             move
             on
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             REASONS
             are
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             Such
             Company
             did
             of
             late
             ,
             and
             't
             is
             hoped
             will
             again
             consist
             of
             Members
             enough
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             Nobles
             ,
             Gentlemen
             ,
             and
             Merchants
             ,
             where
             out
             at
             all
             times
             to
             have
             a
             sufficient
             Choice
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Such
             Company
             connot
             thrive
             (
             at
             least
             in
             its
             Infancy
             )
             without
             good
             Encouragements
             from
             the
             Crown
             or
             the
             Nation
             ,
             (
             by
             its
             Representative
             in
             Parliament
             )
             and
             therefore
             in
             lieu
             of
             such
             Encouragements
             ,
             may
             be
             put
             on
             Duty
             to
             earn
             the
             same
             .
          
           
           
             3.
             
             In
             regard
             of
             the
             Capacity
             the
             Members
             thereof
             are
             proposed
             to
             be
             in
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             of
             obtaining
             the
             Honour
             of
             being
             of
             the
             number
             of
             such
             Council
             ,
             it
             will
             excite
             many
             who
             aim
             at
             His
             Majesty's
             and
             the
             Nation
             's
             welfare
             ,
             to
             become
             Adventurers
             in
             such
             Company
             ,
             which
             in
             probability
             may
             in
             some
             time
             become
             as
             splendid
             as
             either
             the
             East-Indian
             or
             African
             Company
             ,
             who
             thrive
             already
             without
             any
             such
             Encouragements
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             If
             such
             Company
             (
             at
             least
             for
             some
             years
             )
             be
             allowed
             House-Rent
             by
             His
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             Salaries
             to
             their
             Officers
             for
             doing
             the
             work
             of
             the
             Fishery
             ,
             and
             withall
             ,
             that
             of
             the
             Council
             ,
             it
             is
             as
             good
             as
             so
             much
             given
             to
             the
             said
             Fishery
             Company
             ;
             whereas
             to
             settle
             it
             on
             any
             other
             Constitution
             ,
             were
             to
             put
             His
             Majesty
             to
             a
             needless
             Charge
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Yea
             ,
             and
             it
             may
             be
             suspected
             to
             almost
             a
             fruitless
             Charge
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             not
             reasonable
             to
             expect
             that
             eminent
             Persons
             named
             to
             be
             Members
             of
             such
             Council
             shall
             be
             so
             diligent
             in
             attending
             an
             Affair
             ,
             whereby
             they
             have
             no
             profit
             ,
             nor
             no
             particular
             concernment
             of
             their
             own
             ,
             as
             wherein
             they
             have
             ,
             especially
             if
             their
             House
             have
             an
             inconvenient
             Situation
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             If
             a
             War
             break
             forth
             and
             hinder
             Fishery
             Affairs
             ,
             the
             Company
             must
             then
             lose
             House-Rent
             and
             Officers
             Salaries
             ,
             which
             would
             be
             a
             discouragement
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             may
             by
             this
             means
             be
             prevented
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             The
             main
             work
             of
             such
             Council
             ,
             will
             be
             first
             to
             call
             for
             and
             receive
             the
             Complaints
             ,
             Sense
             ,
             and
             Informations
             of
             the
             trading
             People
             of
             the
             Nation
             about
             Aggreivances
             concerning
             Trade
             ,
             and
             the
             improvements
             of
             Manufactures
             ,
             and
             the
             amendments
             of
             Acts
             relating
             thereto
             ,
             and
             thence
             to
             draw
             up
             all
             that
             can
             reasonably
             be
             said
             pro
             or
             con
             ▪
          
           
             Former
             Councils
             have
             not
             prescribed
             this
             ,
             which
             ought
             to
             be
             the
             main
             work
             of
             the
             Officers
             ,
             and
             such
             Councils
             have
             been
             so
             slow
             or
             ill
             paid
             ,
             that
             little
             of
             this
             kind
             could
             be
             expected
             ;
             whereas
             it
             is
             supposed
             the
             
               Royal
               Fishery
            
             will
             be
             so
             well
             paid
             by
             Effects
             in
             their
             hands
             ,
             that
             there
             will
             be
             no
             failure
             of
             the
             like
             kind
             hereafter
             :
             And
             doubtless
             it
             is
             very
             material
             to
             encourage
             the
             writing
             on
             Arguments
             of
             Trade
             as
             here
             propounded
             .
          
           
             8.
             
             A
             
               Royal
               Fishery
            
             Company
             well
             constituted
             with
             a
             good
             Stock
             ,
             may
             furnish
             the
             Sound
             with
             Herrings
             before
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             by
             using
             the
             Islands
             of
             Lewis
             and
             Shetland
             ;
             yea
             also
             
               Portugal
               ,
               Spain
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Streights
             ,
             by
             fishing
             in
             the
             Irish
             Seas
             ,
             where
             Herrings
             and
             Cod
             arrive
             six
             weeks
             sooner
             than
             in
             the
             Channel
             ;
             yea
             also
             with
             Cod
             and
             Ling
             caught
             about
             Anglesey
             :
             To
             which
             (
             besides
             the
             advantage
             of
             time
             )
             may
             be
             added
             ,
             the
             propinquity
             of
             Situation
             ;
             yea
             ,
             such
             Company
             may
             also
             have
             a
             Trade
             to
             
               New
               England
            
             ,
             for
             building
             of
             Vessels
             ,
             and
             returning
             with
             Cod
             ,
             Salmon
             ,
             and
             Sturgeon
             ,
             (
             if
             it
             prove
             good
             and
             well-cured
             )
             and
             with
             poor
             Jack
             from
             Newfound-Land
             ;
             whence
             it
             may
             be
             reasonably
             presumed
             ,
             such
             Company
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             Foreign
             vent
             and
             returns
             ,
             may
             have
             a
             greater
             insight
             in
             Foreign
             Trade
             ,
             than
             any
             other
             constitution
             .
          
           
             9.
             
             The
             planting
             of
             Hemp
             and
             Flax
             ,
             and
             the
             Manufactures
             thereof
             ,
             as
             also
             the
             furnishing
             of
             materials
             for
             Paper
             (
             if
             not
             undertaking
             that
             Manufacture
             )
             and
             consequently
             employing
             the
             Poor
             ,
             and
             many
             Trades
             will
             much
             depend
             upon
             the
             example
             and
             directions
             of
             this
             Company
             ,
             whence
             they
             may
             be
             
             judged
             a
             better
             constitution
             for
             Inland
             Affairs
             than
             any
             other
             ,
             and
             are
             like
             to
             afford
             more
             Parliament-men
             ,
             to
             speak
             to
             matters
             of
             this
             nature
             .
          
           
             Since
             the
             writing
             of
             this
             Treatise
             ,
             there
             came
             to
             my
             hands
             a
             printed
             Paper
             of
             the
             learned
             and
             most
             renowned
             Sir
             
               William
               Pe●●y
            
             ,
             of
             the
             
               Royal
               Society
            
             ,
             about
             Irish
             Cattel
             :
             A
             Copy
             of
             it
             followeth
             .
          
        
         
           
             Some
             of
             the
             OBSERVATIONS
             made
             by
             W.P.
             upon
             the
             
               Trade
               of
            
             IRISH
             CATTEL
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             THat
             the
             value
             of
             the
             Oxen
             and
             Sheep
             (
             their
             Hides
             ,
             Tallow
             ,
             and
             Skins
             deducted
             )
             which
             were
             ever
             imported
             in
             one
             year
             out
             of
             Ireland
             into
             England
             ,
             were
             never
             worth
             above
             80000
             l.
             nor
             above
             the
             hundredth
             part
             of
             the
             Rents
             of
             Land
             in
             England
             ,
             nor
             above
             the
             hundredth
             part
             of
             the
             Butchers
             meat
             yearly
             spent
             in
             England
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             That
             Ireland
             never
             yet
             did
             ,
             nor
             could
             spare
             ,
             as
             many
             Sheep
             and
             Oxen
             alive
             or
             dead
             ,
             as
             would
             maintain
             a
             fifth
             part
             more
             People
             than
             now
             it
             hath
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             than
             would
             maintain
             about
             1300000
             People
             ,
             of
             which
             number
             there
             are
             about
             1100000
             now
             in
             Ireland
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Whereas
             Ireland
             contains
             three
             quarters
             as
             much
             Land
             as
             England
             and
             Wales
             ,
             and
             there
             be
             above
             6000000
             of
             People
             in
             England
             it
             follows
             ,
             that
             if
             Ireland
             can
             furnish
             Flesh
             meat
             but
             unto
             1300000
             ,
             that
             E●gland
             cannot
             with
             equal
             plenty
             furnish
             meat
             unto
             said
             6000000.
             
          
           
             4.
             
             The
             Owners
             of
             breeding
             Lands
             have
             since
             the
             Prohibition
             not
             gotten
             above
             10
             
               s.
               per
            
             Head
             more
             for
             their
             Cattel
             than
             before
             it
             which
             the
             Owners
             of
             the
             feeding
             Lands
             have
             paid
             them
             and
             lost
             .
             Moreover
             the
             Mariners
             of
             England
             have
             lost
             the
             getting
             of
             9
             s.
             6
             
               d.
               per
            
             Head
             for
             Freight
             and
             Primage
             ,
             and
             the
             People
             of
             England
             have
             lost
             4
             s.
             6
             
               d.
               per
            
             Head
             more
             for
             driving
             and
             grazing
             ;
             the
             King
             hath
             lost
             3
             s.
             6
             
               d.
               per
            
             Head
             for
             Custom
             on
             both
             sides
             ,
             besides
             Officers
             Fees
             ;
             and
             the
             Traders
             in
             Hides
             and
             Tallow
             have
             lost
             what
             they
             might
             have
             gained
             out
             of
             15
             
               s.
               per
            
             Head
             ;
             and
             the
             Merchants
             and
             Artizans
             of
             England
             have
             lost
             yearly
             what
             they
             might
             have
             gained
             by
             140000
             l.
             worth
             of
             English
             Manufactures
             ;
             the
             Wool-growers
             of
             England
             have
             lost
             as
             much
             as
             their
             Wool
             is
             fallen
             ;
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             extraordinary
             Sheep-walks
             now
             in
             Ireland
             ;
             the
             Landlords
             of
             Ireland
             resident
             in
             England
             ,
             have
             lost
             5
             percent
             .
             extraordinary
             for
             exchange
             of
             Money
             .
             Lastly
             ,
             the
             Bulk
             of
             the
             People
             of
             England
             have
             losts
             one
             Half-peny
             for
             every
             pound
             of
             Flesh
             meat
             they
             have
             spent
             ,
             amounting
             for
             all
             England
             unto
             about
             2000000
             
               per
               annum
            
             ,
             of
             which
             great
             sum
             ,
             the
             Owners
             even
             of
             breeding
             Lands
             have
             paid
             three
             times
             more
             in
             the
             enhansement
             of
             Wages
             and
             Manufactures
             ,
             than
             they
             got
             by
             the
             raised
             price
             of
             their
             Cattel
             above-mentioned
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Since
             this
             Prohibition
             ,
             the
             Papists
             in
             Ireland
             (
             who
             are
             800000
             in
             number
             )
             have
             gotten
             a
             Dispensation
             from
             Rome
             to
             eat
             Flesh
             five
             days
             in
             the
             week
             ,
             whereas
             formerly
             they
             did
             but
             four
             ,
             in
             which
             extraordinary
             day
             of
             Indulgence
             ,
             there
             is
             as
             much
             meat
             spent
             by
             the
             Papists
             in
             a
             year
             ,
             as
             ever
             was
             brought
             into
             England
             .
          
           
           
             6.
             
             Although
             a
             Beast
             worth
             40
             s.
             might
             be
             brought
             out
             of
             Ireland
             even
             to
             London
             for
             about
             20
             s.
             yet
             the
             Land
             of
             England
             generally
             taken
             is
             worth
             five
             times
             as
             much
             ,
             Acre
             for
             Acre
             ,
             as
             the
             Lands
             of
             Ireland
             generally
             taken
             ;
             neither
             can
             the
             Lands
             of
             Ireland
             rise
             up
             to
             a
             level
             of
             value
             with
             those
             in
             England
             ,
             without
             the
             Mission
             of
             some
             millions
             of
             People
             more
             into
             Ireland
             than
             now
             are
             there
             ,
             nor
             without
             the
             expence
             of
             more
             Millions
             in
             buildings
             and
             improvements
             ,
             than
             all
             Ireland
             now
             is
             worth
             ;
             nor
             can
             the
             Lands
             of
             England
             fall
             down
             to
             a
             level
             with
             those
             in
             Ireland
             ,
             without
             vast
             Depopulations
             and
             Devastations
             preceding
             .
          
           
             Every
             of
             the
             before-mentioned
             particulars
             can
             be
             readily
             proved
             from
             grounds
             of
             Sense
             ,
             known
             ,
             granted
             ,
             or
             Authentique
             .
          
           
             Here
             it
             is
             not
             improper
             to
             acquaint
             the
             Reader
             ,
             that
             Ireland
             before
             the
             Rebellion
             was
             planted
             with
             Native
             Irish
             ,
             and
             the
             Lands
             were
             in
             their
             possession
             ;
             but
             now
             after
             so
             great
             a
             Desolation
             ,
             and
             Destruction
             as
             the
             Wars
             made
             ,
             most
             of
             the
             Lands
             were
             planted
             and
             peopled
             by
             the
             English
             and
             Scotch
             ,
             who
             adventured
             their
             Lives
             and
             Fortunes
             in
             reducing
             it
             ,
             who
             carried
             over
             with
             them
             the
             best
             Cattel
             ,
             Horses
             ,
             and
             Sheep
             ,
             England
             could
             afford
             ,
             where
             they
             have
             raised
             such
             a
             Breed
             ,
             as
             will
             compare
             with
             the
             best
             in
             England
             for
             largeness
             and
             fatness
             ,
             and
             the
             Wool
             ,
             Butter
             ,
             and
             Cheese
             there
             raised
             ,
             is
             not
             inferiour
             to
             what
             is
             made
             in
             England
             for
             goodness
             ,
             and
             yet
             notwithstanding
             they
             have
             many
             lean
             Cattel
             to
             spare
             ,
             but
             their
             Sheep
             need
             no
             fattening
             .
          
           
             The
             Laws
             there
             are
             made
             by
             a
             Parliament
             ,
             consisting
             of
             most
             English
             and
             Scotch
             ,
             with
             aim
             especially
             to
             encourage
             the
             making
             of
             Cloth
             and
             Woollen
             Manufactures
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             ,
             they
             may
             supply
             Foreign
             Markets
             ,
             which
             they
             doubt
             not
             to
             effect
             ere
             long
             at
             half
             the
             price
             English
             Cloth
             goes
             at
             :
             And
             they
             do
             by
             their
             Laws
             discourage
             the
             bringing
             of
             their
             Wool
             into
             England
             ,
             and
             have
             laid
             a
             great
             Custom
             upon
             all
             Cloth
             ,
             Stuffs
             ,
             Stockings
             ,
             and
             Hats
             ,
             that
             shall
             be
             imported
             out
             of
             England
             .
             This
             they
             do
             acknowledge
             in
             Print
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             have
             furnished
             
               Holland
               ,
               Flanders
               ,
               France
               ,
               Portugal
               ,
               Spain
               ,
            
             and
             the
             Streights
             :
             plentifully
             with
             Provisions
             ,
             namely
             ,
             Beef
             at
             9
             or
             10
             s.
             the
             hundred
             weight
             ;
             confessing
             ,
             that
             not
             only
             English
             ,
             but
             other
             Nations
             have
             their
             Factors
             residing
             in
             Ireland
             ,
             to
             buy
             up
             Beef
             ,
             Fish
             ,
             Tallow
             ,
             and
             Hides
             ,
             and
             that
             all
             their
             Ports
             are
             well
             stored
             with
             Shipping
             ,
             whereby
             they
             supply
             all
             those
             Parts
             with
             Provision
             ,
             and
             make
             their
             returns
             with
             those
             Commodities
             the
             Kingdom
             can
             vend
             ,
             which
             they
             can
             have
             much
             cheaper
             than
             from
             England
             ,
             and
             the
             Surplus
             
             plus
             they
             return
             in
             Money
             :
             This
             I
             take
             out
             of
             a
             Sheet
             ,
             printed
             with
             Allowance
             by
             J.B.
             in
             1677.
             
          
        
         
           
             The
             Particulars
             following
             are
             taken
             out
             of
             a
             Letter
             from
             Ireland
             ,
             
               printed
               in
            
             1677.
             viz.
             
          
           
             Pag.
             8.
             
             We
             find
             more
             advantage
             by
             Victualling
             Foreigners
             ,
             than
             we
             had
             formerly
             by
             a
             whole
             Sale
             in
             England
             .
          
           
             Pag.
             9.
             
             You
             were
             provided
             by
             a
             sufficient
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             to
             be
             the
             only
             Mart
             for
             Wool
             ,
             it
             being
             made
             Felony
             to
             transport
             it
             into
             Foreign
             Parts
             ,
             and
             Confiscation
             to
             import
             it
             to
             you
             otherwise
             than
             crude
             and
             unmanufactured
             .
          
           
             Pag.
             20.
             
             This
             is
             not
             to
             be
             exported
             neither
             without
             License
             ,
             paying
             both
             the
             King's
             Duty
             ,
             and
             that
             to
             the
             Lord
             Lieutenant
             ,
          
           
             Pag.
             9.
             
             Which
             is
             at
             least
             2
             s.
             a
             Stone
             ,
             besides
             Freight
             ,
             Factorage
             ,
             and
             Market
             Charges
             .
          
           
             Pag.
             20.
             
             All
             exported
             ,
             must
             be
             first
             entred
             for
             England
             and
             pay
             these
             Duties
             ,
             though
             afterwards
             it
             loseth
             its
             way
             at
             Sea.
             
          
           
             Pag.
             11.
             
             An
             Account
             is
             given
             of
             their
             Progress
             in
             setting
             up
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             .
          
           
             Much
             Provisions
             also
             and
             Goods
             they
             Ship
             off
             to
             our
             Plantations
             ,
             from
             whence
             't
             is
             probable
             in
             time
             we
             must
             export
             Money
             for
             our
             own
             supply
             .
          
           
             Against
             this
             whole
             Discourse
             may
             be
             raised
             the
             following
             grand
             Objection
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             an
             Opponent
             may
             insist
             ,
             that
             the
             admission
             of
             Irish
             Cattel
             causeth
             Rents
             of
             breeding
             Grounds
             exceedingly
             to
             fall
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             Interest
             of
             the
             Owners
             and
             Farmers
             thereof
             ;
             and
             this
             is
             the
             reason
             why
             Cattel
             ,
             in
             themselves
             a
             Blessing
             ,
             are
             called
             a
             Nusance
             .
          
           
             Answ
             .
             The
             Objection
             is
             granted
             ,
             and
             comes
             to
             pass
             ,
             because
             we
             cannot
             Victual
             our
             Neighbours
             and
             their
             Shipping
             ,
             nor
             most
             of
             our
             own
             ,
             nor
             is
             the
             sale
             of
             Flesh
             much
             hindred
             by
             Fish
             or
             Izeland
             Cod
             ,
             for
             of
             late
             years
             little
             or
             none
             hath
             been
             spent
             in
             His
             Majesty's
             Navy-Royal
             :
             But
             a
             remedy
             is
             propounded
             .
             On
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             the
             Owners
             of
             feeding
             Grounds
             ,
             the
             Merchandizing
             and
             Trading
             part
             of
             the
             Nation
             ,
             or
             Corporations
             ,
             who
             bear
             above
             two
             Third
             parts
             of
             the
             Charge
             of
             the
             Government
             ,
             sustain
             the
             greater
             wrong
             ,
             
             which
             in
             the
             event
             will
             be
             very
             prejudicial
             ,
             if
             not
             ruinous
             to
             the
             whole
             .
          
           
             I
             my self
             have
             my
             life
             in
             Lands
             in
             Marshland
             in
             the
             County
             of
             Norfolk
             ,
             which
             tell
             from
             32
             l.
             to
             17
             l.
             a
             year
             ,
             but
             is
             of
             late
             risen
             to
             21
             l.
             a
             year
             .
          
           
             I
             know
             some
             Gentlemen
             Owners
             of
             feeding
             Grounds
             in
             our
             Midland
             Counties
             ,
             whose
             Rents
             are
             fallen
             above
             one
             quarter
             of
             what
             they
             usually
             made
             before
             the
             Irish
             Act
             had
             a
             being
             ,
             they
             know
             not
             to
             what
             other
             cause
             to
             impute
             it
             ,
             and
             I
             have
             not
             liberty
             to
             mention
             particulars
             .
          
           
             Also
             there
             is
             a
             London
             Minister
             ,
             who
             hath
             Lands
             in
             Gloucestershire
             which
             fell
             from
             60
             l.
             to
             30
             
               l.
               per
               annum
            
             ,
             and
             both
             he
             and
             som●
             of
             the
             Gentlemen
             aforesaid
             ,
             are
             forced
             to
             stock
             their
             Grounds
             ,
             and
             keep
             them
             in
             their
             own
             hands
             ,
             committing
             the
             management
             to
             Bayliffs
             .
          
           
             The
             Author
             of
             the
             Irish
             Letter
             ,
             pag.
             7.
             saith
             ,
             That
             if
             the
             business
             were
             now
             to
             tell
             Counties
             ,
             he
             hath
             been
             lately
             assured
             from
             some
             in
             England
             ,
             that
             those
             Counties
             that
             find
             not
             themselves
             benefitted
             ,
             and
             those
             that
             are
             really
             aggreived
             by
             this
             Act
             ,
             do
             by
             this
             time
             upon
             Experiment
             ,
             and
             second
             thoughts
             ,
             make
             up
             the
             greatest
             Party
             .
          
           
             And
             pag.
             5.
             he
             saith
             ,
             That
             when
             it
             passed
             ,
             it
             was
             not
             without
             some
             repugnance
             at
             first
             in
             His
             Majesty
             .
          
           
             The
             Reason
             is
             obvious
             ,
             His
             Majesty
             could
             not
             but
             foresee
             some
             of
             the
             ill
             consequences
             thereof
             ,
             as
             namely
             ,
             that
             it
             would
             cause
             his
             Duty
             of
             Customs
             to
             fall
             ,
             lessen
             our
             Navigation
             ,
             much
             increase
             the
             charge
             of
             Victualling
             his
             Navy
             ,
             and
             disoblige
             all
             his
             British
             Subjects
             in
             Ireland
             ,
             which
             might
             be
             of
             dangerous
             Consequence
             .
          
           
             But
             to
             restore
             an
             Union
             with
             them
             and
             at
             home
             ,
             suppose
             they
             consent
             to
             the
             terms
             Propounded
             in
             pag.
             9
             ,
             23.
             
          
           
             Then
             there
             will
             be
             a
             considerable
             Accession
             made
             to
             His
             Majesty's
             Revenue
             in
             Ireland
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             near
             the
             value
             of
             all
             the
             Commodities
             exported
             out
             of
             that
             Kingdom
             that
             come
             not
             to
             us
             ,
             and
             this
             will
             help
             to
             maintain
             a
             Navy
             ,
             there
             or
             in
             the
             Channel
             ;
             and
             such
             help
             is
             but
             highly
             necessary
             ,
             for
             one
             of
             the
             Lords
             Commissioners
             of
             the
             Admiralty
             was
             pleased
             to
             inform
             me
             ,
             that
             300000
             l.
             a
             year
             ,
             supposing
             the
             same
             constantly
             allotted
             and
             paid
             to
             that
             use
             ,
             would
             but
             defray
             the
             ordinary
             annual
             Harbour
             Charges
             of
             Repairs
             ,
             Yards
             ,
             
             Moorage
             ,
             the
             Wages
             of
             Workmen
             and
             Labourers
             ,
             the
             Salaries
             of
             Officers
             ,
             and
             14
             Men
             of
             War
             at
             Sea.
             
          
           
             Whereas
             to
             furnish
             Stores
             ,
             build
             a
             necessary
             supply
             of
             Ships
             from
             time
             to
             time
             ,
             and
             maintain
             a
             competent
             Fleet
             abroad
             ,
             will
             require
             a
             far
             greater
             Sum
             ,
             as
             hath
             been
             represented
             to
             the
             late
             Long
             Parliament
             .
          
           
             So
             that
             I
             hope
             if
             the
             Irish
             Act
             pass
             ,
             it
             shall
             not
             be
             perpetual
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             the
             interim
             ,
             our
             Grandees
             will
             propose
             ,
             and
             receive
             terms
             of
             Accommodation
             with
             Ireland
             .
          
           
             
               If
               the
               former
               Measures
               take
               ,
               these
               must
               be
               the
               Consequences
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               The
               Poor
               will
               obtain
               Employment
               ;
               in
               other
               Nations
               they
               have
               been
               their
               Renown
               ,
               Wealth
               ,
               and
               Strength
               ,
               but
               here
               on
               the
               contrary
               ,
               our
               Shame
               ,
               Improverishment
               ,
               and
               Burthen
               ;
               hence
               to
               employ
               the
               Poor
               ,
               and
               to
               render
               idle
               beggarly
               Persons
               profitable
               Members
               to
               the
               Kingdom
               ,
               to
               reclaim
               Vice
               ,
               and
               encourage
               Industry
               by
               proper
               Expedients
               ,
               cannot
               but
               be
               Subjects
               that
               may
               always
               deserve
               and
               expect
               due
               encouragement
               from
               Authority
               ,
               but
               more
               especially
               now
               ,
               when
               too
               too
               long
               empoverishments
               make
               us
               groan
               for
               Redress
               ,
               which
               if
               obtained
               ,
               will
               be
               a
               bitter
               potion
               to
               our
               too
               powerful
               Neighbours
               abroad
               ,
            
             
               2
               Navigation
               and
               strength
               will
               encrease
               ;
               and
               if
               we
               can
               be
               either
               happy
               or
               safe
               without
               Navigation
               ,
               and
               maintain
               it
               without
               a
               Fishery
               ,
               and
               mannage
               it
               without
               Pilots
               ,
               't
               is
               well
               ;
               but
               if
               not
               ,
               the
               Fishery
               is
               of
               an
               absolute
               and
               indispensible
               necessity
               to
               the
               welfare
               ,
               both
               of
               King
               and
               People
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               Merchants
               ,
               and
               Trading
               part
               of
               the
               Nation
               ,
               will
               be
               encouraged
               ,
               and
               are
               they
               not
               as
               Writers
               denominate
               them
               .
               The
               great
               Revenue
               of
               the
               King
               ,
               the
               honour
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               ,
               a
               noble
               Profession
               ,
               a
               School
               of
               Skill
               ,
               the
               supply
               of
               our
               Wants
               ,
               the
               source
               of
               Employments
               ,
               the
               improvement
               of
               our
               Manufactures
               ,
               and
               cause
               of
               our
               Exportation
               ,
               the
               Nursery
               of
               our
               Mariners
               ,
               the
               Walls
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               ,
               the
               means
               of
               our
               Treasure
               ,
               the
               sinew
               of
               our
               Wars
               ,
               and
               the
               terrour
               of
               our
               Enemies
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               I
               my self
               hope
               through
               Divine
               Bounty
               to
               obtain
               a
               good
               Employment
               to
               sustain
               a
               numerous
               Family
               ,
               having
               met
               with
               great
               Losses
               in
               publick
               Affairs
               ,
               however
               if
               not
               ,
               I
               have
               cast
               in
               my
               Mite
               ,
               and
               I
               hope
               a
               Person
               whose
               business
               and
               study
               hath
               been
               the
               Argument
               of
               Trade
               ,
               may
               have
               as
               much
               ,
               if
               not
               a
               greater
               ,
               liberty
               as
               others
               ,
               to
               propound
               how
               to
               remove
               the
               Encumbrances
               thereof
               ,
               to
               the
               advantage
               ,
               I
               hope
               ,
               of
               all
               Interests
               .
               Hence
               if
               His
               Majesty
               and
               the
               Nation
               ,
               reap
               any
               benefit
               ,
               I
               have
               in
               a
               great
               measure
               obtained
               my
            
          
        
         
           END
        
      
       
         
         
           POSTSCRIPT
           .
        
         
           THis
           Discourse
           hath
           been
           all
           penn'd
           and
           printed
           in
           great
           hast
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           in
           about
           a
           Fortnight's
           time
           ,
           and
           therefore
           could
           not
           be
           so
           well
           digested
           as
           were
           to
           be
           wished
           ,
           some
           Escapes
           we
           shall
           remark
           .
        
         
           Pag.
           1
           line
           25.
           for
           force
           ,
           read
           force
           as
           to
           Fish
           .
           p.
           11
           l.
           29.
           for
           more
           ,
           read
           worse
           ,
           p.
           15.
           l.
           25.
           for
           not
           sell
           ,
           read
           not
           then
           sell
           .
           I
           do
           not
           say
           our
           Tin
           was
           sold
           for
           2
           l.
           10
           s.
           the
           hundred
           weight
           ,
           I
           hear
           it
           was
           kept
           'till
           theirs
           was
           gone
           and
           yeilded
           a
           better
           price
           ,
           p.
           20.
           l.
           1.
           for
           these
           ,
           read
           this
           .
           I
           am
           not
           of
           Mr.
           
           Man's
           opinion
           ,
           but
           beleive
           the
           Cash
           of
           the
           Nation
           to
           be
           much
           more
           .
           p.
           21.
           l.
           25.
           for
           about
           600
           ,
           read
           from
           450
           to
           600.
           p.
           23.
           l.
           25.
           for
           this
           ,
           read
           much
           of
           this
           .
           p.
           27.
           l.
           26.
           for
           Yarn
           ,
           read
           Yarmouth
           .
           p.
           30.
           l.
           21.
           for
           Councils
           ,
           read
           Courts
           .
        
         
           Since
           the
           writing
           hereof
           ,
           I
           met
           with
           a
           new
           ingenious
           Discourse
           of
           the
           East-India
           Trade
           ,
           printed
           for
           
             Robert
             Boulter
          
           ,
           Stationer
           ,
           at
           the
           Turks-Head
           in
           Cornhill
           ;
           by
           which
           it
           appears
           ,
           that
           the
           said
           Trade
           and
           Shipping
           is
           encreased
           since
           their
           last
           Account
           of
           it
           by
           me
           mentioned
           in
           pag.
           20.
           to
           wit
           ,
           saith
           the
           Author
           in
           pag.
           23.
           
           The
           Company
           have
           25
           Ships
           and
           Vessels
           Trading
           in
           the
           East-Indies
           from
           Port
           to
           Port
           ,
           besides
           11
           great
           Ships
           sent
           out
           last
           year
           .
           The
           Author
           pag.
           4.
           and
           5.
           saith
           ,
           He
           is
           of
           opinion
           we
           cannot
           cope
           with
           the
           Dutch
           in
           White
           Herrings
           ,
           Fish
           ,
           Salt
           droaging
           from
           St.
           Vvals
           to
           the
           Eastland
           ,
           or
           the
           Russia
           or
           Greenland
           Trade
           ,
           'till
           the
           Interest
           of
           our
           Money
           be
           as
           low
           as
           theirs
           ,
           namely
           ,
           3
           
             per
             cent
          
           .
           I
           add
           the
           remedy
           is
           unsufficient
           ,
           we
           must
           also
           render
           Provisions
           ,
           and
           exporting
           Duties
           (
           of
           which
           see
           pag.
           22.
           )
           cheaper
           than
           theirs
           ,
           in
           regard
           our
           Building
           ,
           and
           Sailing
           with
           more
           hands
           is
           much
           dearer
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           an
           Objection
           about
           want
           of
           People
           ,
           pag.
           3.
           't
           is
           hoped
           Sir
           
             William
             Petty
          
           will
           be
           pleased
           to
           publish
           a
           Discourse
           he
           dedicated
           to
           His
           Majesty
           ,
           Entituled
           ,
           
             Political
             Arithmetick
          
           ,
           where
           in
           ch
           .
           8.
           he
           asserts
           ,
           there
           are
           spare
           hands
           enough
           amongst
           His
           Majesty's
           English
           Subjects
           ,
           to
           earn
           above
           two
           Millions
           a
           year
           more
           than
           we
           do
           ,
           see
           p.
           10.
           of
           this
           Discourse
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           THE
           CONTENTS
           .
        
         
           
             THE
             reason
             of
             prohibiting
             Foreign
             Provisions
             or
             Wares
             
               Pag.
               2
            
          
           
             The
             value
             of
             the
             Cattel
             from
             
               Ireland
               3
            
          
           
             Wools
             ,
             great
             quantities
             carried
             from
             Ireland
             to
             Foreign
             Parts
             6
          
           
             So
             of
             other
             Provisions
             and
             Fish
             
               8
               ,
               9
               ,
               33
               ,
               34
            
          
           
             A
             Proposal
             about
             Trading
             to
             Ireland
             for
             their
             Provisions
             ,
             Wo●l
             .
             and
             Manufactures
             ,
             w●thout
             damage
             either
             to
             our selves
             or
             them
             ,
             yea
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             advantage
             of
             all
             
               9
               23
            
          
           
             A
             low
             rate
             of
             Interest
             will
             not
             raise
             Lands
             ,
             unless
             Comm●ditie●
             rise
             in
             price
             accordingly
             11
          
           
             The
             Declension
             of
             our
             Staple
             Commodities
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             of
             Cloth
             ,
             Lead
             ,
             and
             Tin
             
               12
               ,
               13
            
          
           
             Tin
             Farthings
             an
             abuse
             14
          
           
             Tin
             how
             to
             become
             the
             ●undus
             of
             a
             Bank
             
               15
               ,
               16
            
          
           
             An
             Address
             to
             the
             Honourable
             Members
             of
             Parliament
             of
             Cornwal
             and
             Devon
             ,
             about
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             about
             Salt
             
               15
               ,
               16
               ,
               17
            
          
           
             Proposals
             for
             advancement
             of
             the
             
               Fishery
               17
               ,
               28
               ,
               29
               ,
               30
               ,
               31
            
          
           
             And
             for
             encouraging
             and
             gaining
             the
             Manufactures
             of
             Paper
             and
             Tapistry
             Hangings
             18
          
           
             Also
             about
             making
             a
             wet
             Dock
             for
             the
             Navy
             Royal
             19
          
           
             And
             about
             a
             supply
             for
             Coyning
             small
             Money
             at
             the
             Mint
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             The
             danger
             and
             declining
             condition
             of
             our
             Foreign
             Trade
             
               20
               to
               23
            
          
           
             Articles
             taken
             out
             of
             the
             Report
             of
             the
             Irish
             Council
             of
             Trade
             24
          
           
             A
             new
             Art
             of
             preparing
             of
             Flax
             and
             Hemp
             26
          
           
             Whether
             English
             Hemp
             will
             take
             Tar
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             The
             Manufacture
             of
             Cordage
             how
             lost
             27
          
           
             The
             Manufacture
             of
             Cordage
             and
             Canvas
             how
             to
             be
             restored
             28
          
           
             Arguments
             to
             prove
             a
             Royal-Fishery
             Company
             a
             proper
             constitution
             to
             be
             rendred
             a
             Council
             of
             Trade
             ,
             and
             the
             benefits
             thereof
             
               29
               ,
               30
               ,
               31
            
          
           
             Mr.
             
             Baker's
             Proposal
             about
             a
             Court
             of
             Merchants
             ,
             for
             ending
             Law-Suits
             about
             Accompts
             ,
             
               &c.
               30
            
          
           
             Some
             of
             Sir
             William
             Pettys's
             Observations
             on
             the
             Irish
             Act
             32
          
           
             Proofs
             of
             Assertions
             taken
             out
             of
             printed
             Papers
             about
             Irish
             Affairs
             
               33
               ,
               34
            
          
        
         
           More
           Arguments
           against
           the
           Irish
           Act
           may
           be
           met
           with
           at
           the
           end
           of
           a
           Book
           new
           printed
           ,
           Entituled
           ,
           
             The
             Trade
             of
          
           England
           revived
           ,
           with
           another
           Answer
           to
           their
           grand
           Objection
           about
           the
           fall
           of
           Rents
           .