Self-homicide-murther, or, Some antidotes and arguments gleaned out of the treasuries of our modern casuists and divines against that horrid and reigning sin of self-murther by T.P., Esq. ...
         Philipot, Thomas, d. 1682.
      
       
         
           1674
        
      
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             Self-homicide-murther, or, Some antidotes and arguments gleaned out of the treasuries of our modern casuists and divines against that horrid and reigning sin of self-murther by T.P., Esq. ...
             Philipot, Thomas, d. 1682.
          
           [7], 24, [2] p.
           
             Printed by W. Downing for Edward Thomas ...,
             London :
             1674.
          
           
             Dedication signed: Thomas Philipot.
             Advertisement: [2] p. at end.
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Suicide -- Religious aspects -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           SELF-HOMICIDE-MURTHER
           ;
           OR
           ,
           SOME
           ANTIDOTES
           AND
           ARGUMENTS
           Gleaned
           out
           of
           the
           TREASURIES
           Of
           Our
           MODERN
           CASUISTS
           AND
           DIVINES
           ,
           Against
           that
           Horrid
           and
           Reigning
           Sin
           of
           Self-Murther
           .
        
         
           By
           
             T.
             P.
          
           
             Esq
          
           M.
           A.
           And
           formerly
           of
           Clare-Hall
           in
           Cambridge
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             W.
             Downing
          
           ,
           for
           
             Edward
             Thomas
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Adam
           and
           Eve
           in
           Little-Brittain
           .
           1674.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           EPISTLE
           DEDICATORY
           .
        
         
           TO
           HIS
           Worthy
           and
           Learned
           Friend
           
             John
             Upton
          
           of
           Newington-Hall
           in
           the
           County
           of
           Middlesex
           ,
           
             Esq
          
           one
           of
           the
           Commissioners
           of
           His
           Majesties
           Customs
           .
        
         
           
             Worshipful
             Sir
             ,
          
        
         
           THE
           Scene
           of
           those
           Tragedies
           which
           have
           been
           lately
           Acted
           by
           some
           misguided
           persons
           upon
           themselves
           ,
           hath
           been
           so
           publickly
           laid
           ,
           that
           it
           hath
           been
           obvious
           to
           many
           eyes
           ;
           and
           the
           sad
           report
           hath
           accosted
           ,
           and
           arriv'd
           at
           more
           ears
           :
           but
           whether
           they
           may
           entitle
           their
           Original
           Extraction
           to
           a
           Learned
           but
           unfortunate
           Treatise
           ,
           stil'd
           Biathanatos
           ,
           wherein
           Self-killing
           in
           several
           Cases
           is
           concluded
           not
           to
           be
           Murder
           ,
           I
           cannot
           positively
           determine
           .
           However
           ,
           I
           have
           collected
           all
           the
           Antidotes
           I
           could
           meet
           with
           ,
           out
           of
           the
           Laboratories
           of
           Modern
           Casuists
           ,
           to
           countermine
           and
           dissipate
           the
           venome
           of
           those
           
           Arguments
           that
           are
           knit
           together
           to
           support
           this
           sanguinary
           Assertion
           .
           But
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           I
           know
           you
           have
           so
           much
           Art
           to
           judge
           ,
           and
           Candor
           to
           believe
           ,
           that
           when
           I
           compos'd
           this
           Treatise
           ,
           I
           wholly
           design'd
           to
           offer
           it
           up
           to
           the
           scrutiny
           of
           clearer
           speculations
           than
           mine
           own
           ;
           amongst
           the
           Masters
           of
           which
           ,
           I
           know
           none
           a
           more
           Adaequate
           Arbiter
           ,
           or
           Competent
           Judge
           to
           winnow
           it
           ,
           than
           your self
           ;
           from
           whose
           Charity
           I
           may
           hope
           that
           which
           I
           could
           not
           expect
           from
           the
           Press
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           the
           pardon
           of
           those
           mistakes
           ;
           of
           which
           possibly
           he
           may
           be
           guilty
           of
           ,
           who
           is
           ,
        
         
           
             
               SIR
               ,
               Your
               Most
               Humble
               and
               Affectionate
               Servant
               ,
            
             THOMAS
             PHILIPOT
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           To
           the
           READER
           .
        
         
           Courteous
           Reader
           ,
        
         
           HOW
           far
           an
           offending
           Criminal
           may
           be
           his
           own
           Executioner
           ,
           hath
           puzled
           the
           Heads
           ,
           and
           disquieted
           the
           Pens
           of
           our
           modern
           Casuists
           ;
           but
           at
           last
           the
           most
           Learned
           of
           them
           have
           fix'd
           upon
           this
           determination
           :
           That
           in
           some
           judicial
           Censures
           and
           Sentences
           that
           are
           not
           sanguinary
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           do
           not
           reach
           to
           the
           effusion
           of
           Blood
           ;
           and
           where
           no
           Action
           is
           immediately
           to
           be
           performed
           by
           the
           offender
           upon
           himself
           ,
           he
           is
           by
           a
           passive
           surrender
           ,
           and
           submission
           of
           himself
           to
           the
           Law
           ,
           to
           be
           his
           own
           Executioner
           .
           And
           there
           is
           no
           more
           indecency
           (
           they
           say
           )
           in
           the
           self-infliction
           of
           these
           Medicinal
           punishments
           ,
           than
           there
           is
           for
           a
           man
           to
           mingle
           his
           own
           severe
           and
           disgustful
           Potions
           to
           let
           himself
           Blood
           ,
           or
           launce
           a
           corroding
           Vlcer
           ,
           the
           cases
           wherein
           the
           Delinquent
           is
           to
           verifie
           the
           Sentence
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           by
           executing
           it
           upon
           himself
           ,
           are
           these
           that
           follow
           .
        
         
           If
           the
           Law
           imposes
           a
           Penalty
           ,
           
             ipso
             facto
          
           to
           be
           incurr'd
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           equal
           ,
           moderate
           and
           tolerable
           ,
           the
           Conscience
           is
           obliged
           to
           submit
           to
           a
           voluntary
           susception
           of
           it
           :
           so
           if
           a
           person
           be
           blasted
           with
           the
           censure
           of
           Excommunication
           ,
           he
           is
           not
           only
           engaged
           to
           submit
           to
           those
           separations
           ,
           estrangements
           ,
           or
           alienations
           from
           Society
           ,
           and
           avoidings
           which
           he
           finds
           from
           the
           duty
           of
           others
           :
           but
           if
           he
           be
           in
           a
           stranger
           place
           ,
           where
           they
           know
           not
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           begin
           Divine
           Service
           ,
           he
           is
           bound
           in
           Conscience
           to
           go
           away
           ,
           to
           resign
           and
           Ecclesiastical
           Benefice
           ,
           if
           he
           be
           possessed
           of
           one
           ;
           and
           other
           things
           of
           the
           same
           necessity
           ,
           for
           verification
           of
           the
           sentence
           .
           As
           if
           a
           Benefice
           should
           be
           offered
           to
           the
           excommunicate
           person
           ,
           he
           is
           obliged
           not
           to
           accept
           of
           it
           ,
           being
           by
           the
           sentence
           rendred
           irregular
           ,
           or
           to
           execute
           any
           other
           Office
           to
           which
           ,
           by
           that
           censure
           ,
           he
           is
           declared
           and
           made
           unapt
           and
           inhabile
           ;
           and
           the
           reason
           is
           ,
           because
           every
           act
           of
           Communion
           ,
           
           and
           office
           in
           his
           Case
           ,
           is
           a
           direct
           rebelling
           against
           the
           sentence
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           the
           verification
           of
           which
           depends
           as
           much
           upon
           himself
           as
           upon
           others
           ;
           for
           every
           such
           person
           is
           like
           a
           man
           that
           has
           the
           Plague
           upon
           him
           ,
           all
           men
           that
           know
           it
           avoid
           him
           ;
           but
           because
           all
           men
           do
           not
           know
           it
           ,
           he
           is
           bound
           to
           decline
           them
           ,
           and
           in
           no
           case
           to
           run
           into
           their
           company
           ,
           whether
           they
           know
           him
           ,
           or
           know
           him
           not
           .
        
         
           If
           a
           Law
           be
           enacted
           ,
           that
           if
           a
           Clerk
           within
           twelve
           moneths
           after
           the
           Collation
           of
           a
           Parish-Church
           ,
           be
           not
           Ordained
           a
           Priest
           ,
           he
           shall
           forfeit
           his
           Ecclesiastical
           Benefice
           ;
           if
           he
           does
           not
           submit
           to
           the
           Sentence
           ,
           and
           recede
           from
           his
           Parish
           or
           Incumbency
           ,
           he
           is
           tied
           in
           Conscience
           to
           make
           Restitution
           of
           all
           the
           Profits
           he
           shall
           receive
           ,
           or
           consume
           .
        
         
           So
           if
           a
           Law
           be
           Constituted
           ,
           that
           who-ever
           is
           a
           common
           Swearer
           ,
           shall
           
             ipso
             facto
          
           be
           infamous
           ;
           he
           that
           is
           guilty
           ,
           is
           oblig'd
           in
           Conscience
           not
           to
           give
           testimony
           in
           a
           Cause
           in
           Law
           ,
           but
           to
           be
           his
           own
           Judge
           and
           Executioner
           of
           that
           Sentence
           .
           But
           whether
           these
           precedents
           do
           intrinsecally
           and
           
             ex
             natura
             rei
          
           ,
           oblige
           the
           Consciences
           of
           all
           persons
           ,
           and
           universally
           in
           all
           times
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           places
           ,
           I
           leave
           to
           thy
           scrutinie
           and
           justice
           ,
           at
           once
           both
           to
           judge
           and
           determine
           ;
           and
           so
           I
           proceed
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           Self-Homicide-Murther
           .
        
         
           THE
           Law
           of
           Nature
           is
           nothing
           but
           the
           Law
           of
           God
           given
           to
           mankind
           ,
           for
           the
           conservation
           of
           his
           Nature
           ,
           and
           promotion
           of
           his
           perfective
           end
           .
           A
           Law
           of
           which
           a
           man
           sees
           a
           reason
           ,
           and
           feels
           a
           necessity
           ,
           God
           is
           the
           Law-giver
           ,
           practical
           Reason
           or
           Conscience
           is
           the
           Record
           ;
           but
           revelation
           ,
           and
           express
           declaring
           of
           it
           ,
           was
           the
           first
           publication
           and
           evidence
           of
           it
           ;
           until
           then
           it
           had
           not
           all
           the
           solemnities
           of
           a
           Law
           ,
           though
           it
           was
           pass'd
           in
           the
           Court
           ,
           and
           Decreed
           and
           Recorded
           .
           God
           is
           the
           Author
           of
           our
           Nature
           ,
           and
           made
           a
           Law
           fit
           for
           it
           by
           his
           own
           Authority
           ,
           and
           proper
           Sanction
           ,
           and
           sent
           the
           principles
           of
           that
           Law
           together
           with
           it
           ;
           not
           that
           whatsoever
           is
           in
           Nature
           ,
           or
           Reason
           ,
           is
           therefore
           a
           Law
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           reasonable
           ,
           or
           because
           it
           is
           natural
           ;
           but
           that
           God
           took
           so
           much
           of
           prime
           Reason
           as
           would
           make
           us
           good
           and
           happy
           ,
           and
           establish'd
           it
           into
           a
           Law
           ,
           which
           became
           ,
           and
           was
           stil'd
           ,
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           ;
           both
           because
           this
           Law
           is
           in
           
             Materia
             Naturali
          
           ,
           that
           is
           concerning
           the
           good
           ,
           which
           refers
           to
           the
           prime
           necessities
           of
           Nature
           ;
           and
           also
           ,
           because
           being
           Divine
           ,
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           Author
           ,
           the
           principles
           of
           this
           Law
           are
           natural
           ,
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           time
           of
           their
           Institution
           ,
           being
           together
           with
           our
           nature
           ,
           though
           they
           were
           drawn
           out
           by
           God
           severally
           ,
           in
           several
           periods
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           who
           made
           them
           Laws
           actually
           by
           his
           command
           ,
           which
           in
           nature
           were
           only
           so
           by
           disposition
           .
           By
           this
           Law
           the
           Patriarchs
           lived
           ;
           by
           this
           Noah
           was
           declared
           just
           ,
           and
           
           Abraham
           was
           the
           Friend
           of
           God
           ;
           for
           this
           ,
           though
           not
           written
           in
           Tables
           of
           stone
           ,
           was
           yet
           written
           in
           the
           Tables
           of
           their
           hearts
           :
           that
           is
           it
           was
           by
           God
           so
           imprinted
           in
           their
           Consciences
           ,
           that
           by
           it
           they
           were
           sufficiently
           instructed
           how
           to
           walk
           ,
           and
           please
           God.
           And
           this
           is
           the
           sense
           of
           Tertullian
           ,
           whose
           determination
           as
           to
           this
           particular
           ,
           is
           often
           cited
           by
           our
           Modern
           Casuists
           :
           his
           words
           are
           these
           ,
           
             Ante
             Legem
          
           Moysi
           
             scriptam
             in
             Tabulis
             lapideis
             Legem
             contendo
             non
             scriptam
             quae
             Naturaliter
             intelligebatur
             ,
             &
             à
             Patribus
             custodiebatur
             ;
             nam
             unde
          
           Noe
           
             justus
             inventus
             est
             ?
             si
             non
             illum
             Naturalis
             Legis
             Justitia
             praecedebat
             ,
             unde
          
           Abraham
           
             Amicus
             Dei
             deputatus
             ?
             si
             non
             de
             Aequitate
             &
             Justitia
             Legis
             hujus
             Naturalis
             .
          
           Out
           of
           these
           general
           descriptions
           of
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           ,
           I
           may
           spin
           out
           this
           Definition
           ;
           The
           Law
           of
           Nature
           is
           the
           universal
           Law
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           concerning
           some
           common
           necessities
           to
           which
           we
           are
           inclin'd
           by
           Nature
           ,
           invited
           by
           Consent
           ,
           prompted
           by
           Reason
           ,
           and
           bound
           upon
           us
           by
           the
           command
           of
           God
           :
           and
           the
           first
           part
           of
           this
           Definition
           is
           strengthened
           ,
           and
           made
           evidently
           true
           ,
           by
           the
           aptnesses
           of
           the
           Heathen
           to
           Justice
           ,
           and
           disposition
           to
           Laws
           ,
           concreated
           with
           their
           understandings
           ,
           which
           are
           stil'd
           by
           the
           Schools
           ,
           
             Species
             congenitae
             &
             concreatae
          
           ;
           and
           by
           Minsinger
           and
           Civil
           Law
           ,
           they
           are
           nam'd
           ,
           
             Praecepta
             seu
             formulae
             honestatis
             praeceptae
          
           ,
           signatures
           or
           draughts
           of
           moral
           honesty
           stamp'd
           upon
           the
           hearts
           of
           men
           in
           their
           first
           creation
           by
           God
           Himself
           ,
           which
           super-induce
           and
           imprint
           upon
           their
           Consciences
           such
           Fears
           and
           Opinions
           ,
           that
           pass
           upon
           mankind
           the
           obligation
           and
           reverence
           of
           Laws
           .
        
         
           But
           as
           in
           the
           body
           of
           man
           there
           is
           great
           variety
           of
           Accidents
           ,
           and
           mutability
           of
           matter
           ,
           but
           still
           that
           variety
           is
           govern'd
           by
           the
           various
           flexures
           of
           Reason
           ,
           which
           remains
           unchang'd
           in
           all
           its
           revolutions
           and
           vicissitudes
           ;
           or
           if
           you
           will
           ,
           in
           all
           the
           complications
           and
           twistings
           about
           the
           collateral
           
           Accidents
           ,
           and
           is
           the
           same
           ,
           though
           working
           otherwise
           ;
           so
           it
           is
           in
           the
           Law
           ,
           whose
           Reason
           and
           Obligation
           continues
           ,
           even
           when
           it
           is
           made
           to
           comply
           with
           changing
           Instances
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           God
           being
           the
           prime
           Law-giver
           ,
           can
           by
           his
           eternal
           Legislative
           power
           ,
           contract
           or
           inlarge
           this
           Law
           of
           Nature
           ,
           by
           Interpretation
           ,
           or
           Dispensation
           ,
           especially
           when
           the
           publick
           good
           of
           mankind
           is
           concerned
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           case
           of
           
           Cain's
           marriage
           with
           his
           Sister
           ,
           or
           when
           his
           Power
           ,
           Jurisdiction
           ,
           Dominion
           and
           Property
           is
           to
           be
           evidenced
           ;
           as
           in
           the
           case
           of
           the
           Israelites
           devesting
           and
           spoiling
           the
           Aegyptians
           of
           their
           Ear-rings
           :
           or
           ,
           Thirdly
           ,
           when
           the
           Faith
           ,
           Obedience
           ,
           and
           Patience
           of
           good
           men
           is
           to
           be
           tried
           and
           exemplified
           ;
           as
           when
           he
           commanded
           Abraham
           to
           sacrifice
           his
           only
           son
           Isaac
           ;
           but
           God
           (
           say
           Divines
           )
           will
           not
           ,
           it
           being
           inconsistent
           with
           his
           Justice
           absolutely
           root
           up
           and
           extinguish
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           that
           Law
           by
           which
           he
           will
           arraign
           Pagans
           ,
           Infidels
           ,
           and
           Heathens
           ,
           at
           the
           last
           General
           Audit
           of
           the
           last
           day
           ,
           for
           then
           they
           shall
           receive
           their
           final
           doom
           and
           sentence
           :
           not
           that
           they
           lived
           out
           of
           the
           Pale
           of
           Christianity
           ,
           or
           did
           not
           believe
           in
           Christ
           ,
           or
           the
           Christian
           Law
           ,
           for
           alas
           they
           never
           heard
           of
           either
           ,
           but
           because
           they
           did
           not
           live
           up
           to
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           ,
           and
           the
           light
           diffused
           from
           it
           ;
           or
           ,
           if
           you
           please
           ,
           up
           to
           that
           moral
           rectitude
           that
           was
           the
           result
           of
           both
           ,
           whose
           beams
           were
           sufficient
           to
           have
           made
           them
           shun
           the
           foul
           obliquities
           and
           irregular
           pollutions
           of
           human
           life
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           being
           thus
           stated
           ,
           cannot
           be
           dispensed
           with
           by
           any
           humane
           power
           whatsoever
           :
           and
           this
           Cicero
           clearly
           saw
           ,
           by
           a
           Ray
           darted
           from
           it
           ,
           when
           he
           defin'd
           it
           to
           be
           ,
           
             Vera
             ratio
             naturae
             congruens
             ,
             diftusa
             in
             omnes
             ,
             constans
             sempiterna
             .
          
           And
           my
           Assertion
           is
           fortified
           
           by
           these
           reasons
           ;
           the
           Laws
           of
           Nature
           being
           bound
           upon
           us
           by
           the
           Law
           of
           God
           ,
           cannot
           be
           dispenced
           withal
           ,
           unless
           by
           a
           power
           equal
           to
           the
           same
           ,
           or
           superior
           to
           that
           which
           made
           the
           sanction
           ;
           but
           that
           cannot
           be
           at
           all
           ,
           neither
           can
           they
           be
           dispenced
           with
           at
           all
           ,
           unless
           by
           God
           Himself
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           whatsoever
           is
           forbidden
           by
           the
           Natural
           Law
           ,
           cannot
           be
           permitted
           by
           the
           Civil
           ;
           because
           when
           the
           Highest
           Power
           hath
           interposed
           ,
           then
           the
           inferior
           and
           subordinate
           hath
           no
           Authority
           ;
           for
           ,
           since
           it
           hath
           its
           Being
           from
           the
           superior
           ;
           it
           cannot
           be
           suppos'd
           it
           can
           prejudice
           that
           from
           whence
           it
           had
           all
           its
           Being
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           I
           argue
           from
           the
           difference
           between
           Divine
           and
           Humane
           Laws
           ;
           Divine
           Laws
           do
           originally
           and
           immediately
           oblige
           by
           their
           own
           prime
           Efficiency
           and
           Authority
           ,
           but
           Humane
           Laws
           bind
           the
           Conscience
           not
           intrinsecally
           ,
           formally
           ,
           and
           primarily
           from
           themselves
           ,
           but
           by
           Power
           ,
           Virtue
           and
           Efficacy
           transfus'd
           and
           deriv'd
           into
           them
           by
           the
           Divine
           Command
           ,
           by
           whose
           Efficiency
           they
           work
           obedience
           to
           themselves
           mediately
           and
           instrumentally
           .
           Again
           ,
           Divine
           Laws
           bind
           the
           will
           and
           the
           understanding
           ;
           Humane
           Laws
           ,
           only
           the
           will
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           subject
           of
           Humane
           Laws
           :
           Humane
           Laws
           only
           consider
           the
           outward
           action
           ,
           not
           the
           inward
           opinion
           ;
           you
           must
           obey
           man
           ,
           when
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           without
           sin
           ,
           you
           may
           believe
           the
           Law
           to
           be
           imprudent
           ,
           imperfect
           ,
           or
           fit
           to
           be
           disannull'd
           ,
           because
           there
           was
           a
           weakness
           in
           the
           sanction
           ;
           they
           could
           not
           foresee
           the
           evil
           that
           was
           future
           ;
           the
           inconveniences
           of
           some
           men
           ,
           the
           impossibilities
           of
           many
           things
           ,
           and
           the
           intolerable
           burden
           and
           pressure
           upon
           sundry
           persons
           .
           But
           in
           the
           Laws
           of
           God
           ,
           we
           must
           submit
           our
           most
           secret
           thoughts
           ,
           and
           we
           must
           be
           sure
           so
           to
           obey
           Humane
           Laws
           ,
           as
           we
           keep
           for
           God
           the
           Prerogative
           of
           his
           having
           unveil'd
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           as
           much
           as
           I
           could
           .
           I
           
           come
           now
           to
           demonstrate
           ,
           that
           Self-Murther
           breaks
           up
           ,
           and
           dismantles
           those
           defensatives
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           has
           erected
           against
           it
           ,
           by
           making
           a
           bloody
           Onset
           or
           Invasion
           upon
           two
           prime
           Branches
           or
           Ingredients
           of
           it
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           self-preservation
           ,
           and
           do
           as
           you
           would
           be
           done
           unto
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           self-preservation
           is
           of
           universal
           extent
           and
           latitude
           ,
           and
           so
           wound
           up
           with
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           made
           by
           Vlpian
           to
           be
           the
           Law
           itself
           ;
           for
           thus
           he
           defines
           it
           ,
           
             Jus
             naturale
             est
          
           ,
           (
           says
           he
           )
           
             quod
             natura
             omnia
             animalia
             docuit
          
           ;
           a
           natural
           right
           that
           Nature
           hath
           taught
           every
           creature
           :
           and
           this
           is
           evident
           in
           the
           youngest
           creatures
           ,
           in
           whom
           ,
           though
           there
           be
           but
           slender
           principles
           of
           Life
           ,
           and
           faint
           evidences
           of
           a
           Being
           ,
           yet
           if
           you
           attempt
           to
           destroy
           them
           by
           drowning
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           engine
           of
           ruine
           ,
           with
           what
           strugling
           and
           reluctancy
           will
           they
           endeavour
           to
           decline
           their
           early
           and
           angry
           fate
           ,
           is
           notoriously
           obvious
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           hold
           good
           in
           these
           creatures
           that
           are
           guided
           only
           by
           such
           a
           glimmering
           principle
           of
           sense
           ,
           then
           should
           it
           be
           much
           more
           eminently
           manifest
           in
           man
           ,
           in
           whom
           God
           hath
           planted
           reason
           ,
           to
           check
           and
           controul
           the
           unruly
           and
           disordered
           passions
           of
           the
           soul
           ,
           and
           especially
           to
           repress
           those
           two
           imperious
           and
           insolent
           Tribunes
           of
           it
           ,
           the
           irascible
           and
           concup●scible
           appetite
           .
        
         
           And
           this
           is
           evident
           from
           the
           practice
           of
           the
           most
           barbarous
           Nations
           ,
           who
           appoint
           subservient
           Officers
           and
           Executioners
           to
           inflict
           death
           upon
           Delinquents
           ,
           because
           they
           know
           that
           is
           abhorrent
           to
           all
           natural
           Instinct
           ,
           and
           destructive
           of
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           ,
           which
           obliges
           every
           man
           to
           preserve
           himself
           as
           long
           as
           possibly
           he
           can
           ,
           for
           Criminals
           and
           Malefactors
           to
           unsluce
           their
           lives
           by
           laying
           violet
           hands
           upon
           themselves
           .
        
         
           I
           come
           now
           to
           assert
           ,
           that
           Self-Homicide
           overturns
           and
           breaks
           down
           that
           other
           prime
           principle
           of
           the
           Law
           of
           
           Nature
           ;
           do
           as
           you
           would
           be
           done
           unto
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           great
           Conservatory
           of
           commutative
           Justice
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           great
           Ligament
           that
           fastens
           and
           ties
           together
           all
           Humane
           Society
           ,
           and
           without
           which
           ,
           they
           would
           become
           as
           wild
           and
           sanguinary
           as
           an
           herd
           of
           Wolves
           or
           Tigers
           .
           Now
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           a
           breach
           of
           Justice
           to
           strike
           my
           neighbour
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           greater
           violation
           to
           kill
           him
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           be
           so
           signal
           an
           impiety
           to
           take
           away
           his
           life
           maliciously
           ,
           and
           by
           propensed
           deliberation
           ,
           it
           is
           certainly
           a
           crime
           of
           vaster
           magnitude
           ,
           for
           a
           man
           by
           self-murther
           to
           take
           away
           his
           own
           ,
           only
           upon
           this
           consideration
           ,
           that
           every
           person
           is
           next
           neighbour
           to
           himself
           .
           And
           this
           method
           of
           arguing
           is
           conformable
           to
           the
           pages
           of
           sacred
           Writ
           ,
           which
           prescribe
           ,
           that
           every
           man
           should
           love
           his
           neighbour
           as
           himself
           .
           Now
           ,
           if
           Self-murther
           were
           in
           any
           case
           formally
           and
           intrinsecally
           lawful
           ,
           God
           would
           not
           have
           had
           the
           love
           of
           every
           man
           to
           Himself
           ,
           the
           great
           Original
           by
           which
           he
           was
           to
           copy
           out
           his
           love
           to
           his
           neighbour
           ;
           for
           he
           knew
           ,
           that
           if
           he
           were
           uncharitable
           to
           himself
           ,
           he
           would
           be
           much
           more
           to
           him
           ;
           for
           malice
           in
           the
           heart
           ,
           commonly
           becomes
           murder
           in
           the
           hand
           .
        
         
           And
           to
           declare
           what
           a
           ruinous
           inroad
           Self-murder
           makes
           upon
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           ,
           and
           moral
           Justice
           ,
           several
           Nations
           in
           Ages
           of
           an
           elder
           Inscription
           ,
           to
           declare
           their
           detestation
           of
           a
           Fact
           ,
           whose
           malignity
           was
           improv'd
           and
           enhans'd
           by
           so
           much
           unnaturalness
           decreed
           ,
           that
           the
           bodies
           of
           those
           who
           had
           deprived
           themselves
           of
           life
           by
           an
           injurious
           violence
           ,
           should
           be
           drag'd
           through
           the
           execrable
           Gates
           of
           Cities
           ,
           by
           Antiquity
           stil'd
           
             Portae
             Sceleratae
          
           ,
           and
           then
           be
           interred
           in
           some
           obscure
           pits
           or
           caverns
           ,
           called
           Puticuli
           ;
           and
           in
           other
           places
           to
           disgrace
           this
           Fact
           ,
           and
           make
           it
           more
           exemplary
           Criminal
           ,
           they
           hung
           the
           bodies
           up
           of
           Self-murderers
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Canon
           and
           Civil
           Law
           denies
           the
           Rites
           of
           Christian
           Sepulture
           to
           self-Homicides
           ,
           unless
           it
           be
           in
           these
           three
           Cases
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           if
           this
           self-destruction
           be
           acted
           by
           persons
           upon
           whom
           is
           super-induc'd
           stupefaction
           by
           Meagrims
           ,
           Palsies
           ,
           Epilepsies
           ,
           Apoplexies
           ,
           &
           the
           like
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           by
           those
           whose
           judgment
           is
           clowded
           by
           the
           fogs
           and
           exhalations
           of
           a
           setled
           and
           deep
           rooted
           Melancholy
           ,
           which
           frequently
           determines
           in
           madness
           .
           Thirdly
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           performed
           by
           persons
           that
           are
           assaulted
           by
           violent
           Fevers
           ,
           as
           Calentures
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           ,
           which
           are
           usually
           accompanied
           with
           a
           Phrensy
           ;
           and
           to
           such
           persons
           as
           these
           ,
           upon
           just
           and
           evident
           proof
           of
           their
           distemper
           ,
           they
           do
           not
           deny
           the
           Obsequies
           of
           Christian
           Funeral
           .
        
         
           For
           ,
           in
           all
           deliberate
           sins
           ,
           before
           they
           can
           come
           to
           their
           perfection
           ,
           the
           Casuists
           affirm
           to
           be
           six
           steps
           ,
           or
           gradations
           ;
           the
           inclination
           of
           the
           will
           is
           the
           first
           ;
           sin
           oftentimes
           enters
           in
           at
           that
           door
           ,
           but
           of
           it self
           it
           only
           is
           a
           capacity
           ,
           readiness
           ,
           and
           disposition
           ,
           and
           no
           act
           ;
           but
           if
           these
           become
           facilities
           and
           promptitudes
           to
           sin
           ,
           they
           are
           not
           innocent
           .
           The
           first
           beginning
           of
           sin
           is
           ,
           when
           the
           will
           stops
           and
           rests
           it self
           upon
           the
           tempting
           object
           ,
           and
           consents
           so
           far
           ,
           that
           it
           will
           have
           it
           considered
           ,
           and
           disputed
           :
           when
           the
           will
           is
           gone
           so
           far
           ,
           it
           is
           past
           beyond
           what
           is
           natural
           ,
           and
           comes
           so
           far
           towards
           choice
           and
           guiltiness
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           yet
           no
           more
           a
           friend
           to
           virtue
           than
           to
           vice
           ,
           and
           knows
           not
           which
           to
           chuse
           .
           The
           third
           step
           the
           will
           makes
           ,
           is
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           pleased
           with
           the
           thought
           and
           meditation
           of
           the
           sin
           ;
           and
           this
           precedent
           relish
           may
           be
           called
           the
           Antepast
           of
           the
           action
           .
           The
           fourth
           step
           of
           the
           will
           beyond
           the
           white
           lines
           of
           innocence
           ,
           is
           a
           desire
           to
           do
           the
           action
           ,
           not
           clearly
           and
           distinctly
           ,
           but
           under
           a
           conditional
           notion
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           lawful
           or
           convenient
           .
           The
           fifth
           gradation
           is
           ,
           when
           this
           obstacle
           is
           removed
           ,
           and
           the
           heart
           consents
           to
           the
           sin
           ,
           and
           
           then
           there
           remains
           nothing
           but
           that
           it
           be
           contriv'd
           within
           .
           And
           then
           the
           sixth
           step
           is
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           committed
           to
           the
           faculties
           and
           members
           ,
           to
           go
           about
           their
           new
           and
           unhappy
           employment
           ,
           and
           then
           both
           the
           inward
           and
           outward
           man
           have
           combin'd
           ,
           and
           made
           up
           the
           body
           of
           a
           sin
           .
           Now
           ,
           all
           these
           steps
           being
           the
           results
           of
           deliberation
           and
           debate
           ,
           or
           of
           consent
           and
           choice
           ,
           an
           understanding
           benighted
           with
           melancholy
           distempers
           ,
           or
           a
           will
           distorted
           with
           a
           Phrensy
           ,
           cannot
           be
           capable
           of
           ;
           so
           that
           a
           musled
           and
           darkned
           understanding
           ,
           and
           an
           irregular
           will
           ,
           acting
           by
           the
           hand
           ,
           do
           their
           own
           preposterous
           work
           by
           a
           misguided
           instrument
           ;
           so
           that
           although
           Physically
           and
           Naturally
           they
           are
           several
           actions
           ,
           because
           Elicite
           ,
           and
           acted
           by
           several
           faculties
           ,
           yet
           morally
           they
           are
           but
           one
           ;
           for
           what
           the
           hand
           acts
           ,
           or
           eye
           sees
           ,
           is
           neither
           good
           nor
           evil
           ,
           but
           is
           made
           so
           by
           the
           understanding
           ,
           or
           will.
           But
           I
           now
           proceed
           .
        
         
           My
           second
           Argument
           against
           Self-Homicide
           is
           ,
           that
           it
           destroys
           those
           obligations
           of
           Fidelity
           and
           Allegiance
           due
           to
           that
           Power
           under
           which
           we
           live
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           be
           acted
           by
           a
           Wife
           ,
           Son
           ,
           or
           Daughter
           ,
           then
           it
           subverts
           ●double
           subjection
           ,
           that
           that
           relates
           to
           a
           Prince
           ,
           or
           Common-wealth
           ,
           and
           that
           that
           is
           due
           to
           the
           injunctions
           of
           a
           Husband
           ,
           and
           a
           Father
           .
           But
           then
           again
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           performed
           by
           a
           Father
           ,
           or
           a
           Mother
           that
           is
           a
           Widow
           ,
           they
           violate
           that
           interest
           their
           children
           challenge
           in
           them
           ,
           to
           whom
           they
           are
           to
           contribute
           support
           and
           maintenance
           ,
           instruction
           and
           education
           ,
           that
           so
           by
           manuring
           and
           cultivating
           their
           minds
           ,
           they
           may
           improve
           their
           knowledg
           in
           Arts
           ,
           either
           speculative
           ,
           or
           practical
           ,
           by
           which
           they
           may
           acquire
           a
           future
           subsistence
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           sin
           is
           defin'd
           by
           the
           Schools
           ,
           to
           be
           
             Actus
             devians
             ab
             ordine
             debiti
             finis
             ,
             contra
             regulam
             naturae
             aut
             Legis
             Aeternae
             .
          
           Now
           ,
           they
           that
           lay
           violent
           hands
           upon
           themselves
           ,
           
           destroy
           the
           order
           and
           end
           of
           their
           Creation
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           to
           exercise
           all
           the
           Virtues
           both
           Moral
           and
           Theological
           ,
           through
           the
           whole
           decursion
           of
           their
           lives
           ,
           whose
           progressive
           growth
           and
           improvement
           ,
           is
           by
           this
           Bloody
           Act
           wholly
           fore-laid
           and
           intercepted
           .
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           Self-Murther
           invades
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Magistrate
           ;
           for
           if
           particular
           persons
           have
           no
           power
           over
           their
           own
           lives
           ,
           collectively
           considered
           ,
           they
           can
           have
           none
           neither
           ,
           since
           general
           Assemblies
           and
           Conventions
           are
           made
           up
           of
           particular
           persons
           ,
           and
           are
           like
           a
           Pillar
           ,
           from
           whence
           ,
           if
           you
           substract
           the
           several
           stones
           that
           compos'd
           it
           ,
           the
           notion
           and
           appellation
           of
           a
           Pillar
           ceases
           .
           Now
           ,
           if
           Self-killing
           were
           lawful
           ,
           the
           power
           of
           life
           and
           death
           immediately
           invested
           by
           God
           in
           the
           supream
           Magistrate
           ,
           would
           by
           degrees
           shrink
           to
           a
           despicable
           nothing
           .
           Now
           ,
           that
           the
           Magistrate
           may
           legally
           punish
           criminal
           offenders
           ,
           is
           clear
           from
           these
           reasons
           ;
           that
           some
           sorts
           of
           Criminals
           should
           be
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           is
           so
           necessary
           ,
           that
           if
           it
           were
           not
           done
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           directly
           and
           immediately
           a
           great
           uncharitableness
           ;
           and
           the
           Magistrate
           should
           even
           in
           this
           particular
           ,
           be
           more
           uncharitable
           than
           he
           can
           suppose
           to
           be
           ,
           in
           putting
           Delinquents
           to
           death
           :
           for
           an
           High-way
           Thief
           and
           Murderer
           ,
           if
           he
           be
           permitted
           ,
           does
           cut
           off
           many
           persons
           who
           little
           think
           of
           death
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           are
           innocent
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           are
           yet
           very
           guilty
           before
           God
           ;
           for
           whose
           souls
           ,
           and
           the
           space
           of
           whose
           repentance
           ,
           there
           is
           but
           very
           ill
           provision
           made
           :
           if
           they
           may
           live
           ,
           who
           shall
           send
           so
           many
           to
           Hell
           ,
           by
           murdering
           such
           persons
           ,
           who
           did
           not
           watch
           ,
           and
           stand
           in
           readiness
           against
           the
           day
           of
           their
           sad
           Arrest
           :
           if
           all
           such
           Assassinates
           were
           to
           be
           free
           from
           punishment
           ,
           the
           Common-wealth
           would
           be
           no
           society
           of
           Peace
           ,
           but
           a
           direct
           state
           of
           War
           ,
           a
           State
           destructive
           of
           all
           Government
           .
           But
           if
           
           there
           were
           any
           punishment
           less
           than
           death
           ,
           the
           Gallies
           ,
           the
           Mines
           and
           Prisons
           ,
           would
           be
           nothing
           but
           seminaries
           of
           Villains
           ,
           which
           ,
           by
           their
           increase
           ,
           would
           grow
           as
           ruinous
           as
           herds
           of
           Wolves
           and
           Tigers
           ;
           and
           if
           ever
           they
           should
           break
           into
           a
           War
           ,
           how
           many
           Patrimonies
           they
           would
           subvert
           ,
           and
           how
           many
           souls
           would
           be
           sent
           to
           the
           Regions
           of
           Darkness
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           time
           to
           perfect
           their
           Repentance
           ,
           is
           sad
           to
           consider
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           if
           the
           condemned
           person
           had
           had
           never
           any
           time
           to
           repent
           ,
           or
           not
           squandred
           away
           the
           opportunities
           conducing
           to
           it
           ,
           he
           had
           never
           been
           reduced
           to
           this
           fatal
           exigent
           ;
           and
           it
           he
           hath
           had
           ,
           who
           is
           bound
           to
           give
           him
           as
           much
           as
           he
           will
           need
           ?
           And
           if
           it
           be
           unlawful
           for
           a
           Magistrate
           to
           put
           a
           Malefactor
           ,
           that
           has
           not
           sufficiently
           repented
           ,
           to
           death
           ,
           then
           no
           Villain
           shall
           ever
           die
           by
           the
           publick
           hand
           of
           Justice
           ;
           and
           the
           worse
           the
           man
           is
           ,
           the
           longer
           they
           shall
           live
           ,
           and
           the
           better
           he
           shall
           escape
           ;
           for
           in
           this
           case
           ,
           if
           he
           resolve
           privately
           ,
           that
           he
           never
           will
           repent
           ,
           he
           hath
           blunted
           the
           edge
           of
           the
           Sword
           ,
           and
           weakned
           the
           hand
           of
           Justice
           for
           ever
           ,
           that
           it
           shall
           never
           strike
           .
        
         
           Fifthly
           ,
           Self-murther
           cuts
           off
           that
           Obedience
           that
           men
           owe
           to
           the
           supream
           commands
           of
           God
           ,
           by
           which
           he
           governs
           humane
           life
           :
           and
           I
           prove
           it
           thus
           ,
           from
           parity
           of
           reason
           :
           under
           Civil
           Governments
           here
           below
           ,
           Protection
           and
           Obedience
           are
           so
           complicated
           and
           interwoven
           ,
           that
           when
           Obedience
           challenges
           protection
           ,
           Protection
           reciprocally
           exacts
           Obedience
           ;
           so
           that
           divers
           Casuists
           aver
           ,
           that
           Custom
           and
           Tribute
           are
           
             ex
             natura
             rei
          
           intrinsecally
           due
           to
           the
           supream
           Power
           ,
           whether
           they
           be
           demanded
           or
           not
           ;
           and
           the
           reason
           subjoyned
           is
           this
           ,
           that
           the
           Prince
           is
           in
           possession
           virtually
           ,
           by
           way
           of
           right
           ;
           and
           those
           who
           by
           dark
           contrivances
           ,
           and
           surreptitious
           ambushes
           ,
           do
           actually
           defraud
           him
           ,
           are
           only
           in
           possession
           by
           way
           of
           Fact
           :
           I
           may
           
           add
           ,
           that
           without
           a
           just
           supply
           ,
           the
           protection
           and
           defence
           of
           the
           Supream
           Power
           would
           be
           so
           lame
           and
           cripled
           ,
           that
           it
           could
           not
           stretch
           it self
           forth
           ,
           to
           repulse
           the
           onsets
           of
           enemies
           from
           abroad
           ,
           or
           dispel
           mutinies
           ,
           and
           intestine
           Eruptions
           at
           home
           .
           Now
           ,
           if
           obedience
           be
           thus
           highly
           due
           to
           temporal
           Rule
           ,
           it
           is
           more
           eminently
           owing
           to
           the
           Eternal
           Government
           of
           God
           ,
           who
           ,
           every
           day
           ,
           by
           his
           Power
           ,
           Protection
           ,
           and
           Providential
           restraints
           ,
           rescues
           us
           from
           danger
           ,
           and
           from
           sin
           .
           Now
           ,
           to
           put
           our selves
           to
           death
           without
           the
           command
           of
           God
           ,
           or
           his
           Vicegerent
           ,
           is
           impiety
           and
           rebellion
           against
           God
           ;
           it
           is
           like
           a
           servants
           running
           away
           from
           an
           indulgent
           Master
           ;
           it
           is
           a
           desertion
           of
           our
           military
           station
           ,
           and
           a
           violation
           of
           the
           Propriety
           ,
           and
           peculiar
           Rights
           of
           God
           ,
           who
           only
           hath
           power
           over
           our
           lives
           ,
           and
           gives
           it
           to
           whom
           he
           pleases
           .
           God
           is
           our
           General
           ,
           and
           hath
           confin'd
           us
           to
           our
           abode
           and
           station
           ,
           which
           ,
           until
           he
           call
           us
           off
           ,
           must
           not
           be
           deserted
           ;
           when
           God
           gives
           us
           our
           pass
           ,
           then
           we
           must
           go
           ,
           but
           we
           must
           not
           offer
           it
           an
           hour
           before
           ;
           he
           that
           doth
           otherwise
           ,
           is
           distrustful
           of
           the
           Divine
           Providence
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           impious
           by
           running
           from
           his
           service
           ;
           and
           thirdly
           ,
           ungrarateful
           to
           God
           ,
           by
           destroying
           the
           noblest
           of
           his
           works
           here
           below
           .
           And
           this
           is
           asserted
           by
           the
           Platonick
           Philosophy
           ,
           which
           tells
           us
           ,
           that
           God
           gave
           us
           our
           soul
           ,
           and
           fix'd
           it
           in
           the
           prison
           of
           the
           body
           ,
           trying
           it
           there
           to
           a
           certain
           portion
           of
           work
           ,
           therefore
           without
           his
           leave
           we
           must
           not
           go
           forth
           ,
           lest
           we
           run
           from
           the
           work
           God
           enjoyn'd
           us
           .
        
         
           I
           shall
           now
           reflect
           upon
           those
           examples
           that
           are
           brought
           out
           of
           the
           old
           Testament
           ,
           to
           abet
           the
           legality
           of
           Self-Homicide
           ;
           but
           before
           I
           wade
           farther
           in
           this
           Discourse
           ,
           I
           shall
           premise
           some
           conclusions
           very
           necessary
           for
           clearing
           the
           point
           in
           issue
           .
           And
           first
           ,
           it
           is
           certain
           there
           is
           nothing
           imitable
           in
           these
           examples
           ,
           but
           the
           morality
           that
           is
           wrap'd
           
           up
           in
           them
           ;
           for
           the
           heroical
           actions
           of
           Pious
           men
           exhibited
           to
           us
           in
           Holy
           Writ
           ,
           that
           were
           done
           
             Plerophoria
             Spiritus
          
           ,
           or
           in
           
             Gradu
             Heroico
          
           ,
           that
           is
           performed
           by
           an
           immediate
           excitation
           of
           the
           Spirit
           of
           God
           ;
           as
           the
           example
           of
           
           Phineas's
           transfixing
           of
           Zimri
           and
           Cosbi
           ,
           are
           not
           imitable
           by
           us
           ,
           unless
           we
           can
           pretend
           to
           such
           an
           extraordinary
           instigation
           of
           spirit
           as
           they
           had
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           sometimes
           the
           actions
           of
           good
           men
           are
           in
           themselves
           innocent
           ,
           because
           done
           before
           a
           positive
           Law
           was
           established
           to
           prohibit
           them
           ;
           but
           the
           symbolical
           actions
           by
           a
           supervening
           Law
           ,
           became
           afterwards
           criminal
           .
           Thus
           the
           drunkenness
           of
           Noah
           is
           in
           Holy
           Writ
           remark'd
           without
           a
           black
           Character
           ,
           and
           plainly
           told
           without
           a
           Censure
           ,
           because
           he
           was
           not
           intedicted
           the
           free
           use
           of
           wine
           by
           any
           direct
           provision
           ;
           but
           we
           are
           ,
           and
           therefore
           it
           cannot
           legitimate
           it
           in
           us
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           the
           actions
           of
           holy
           men
           in
           Scripture
           are
           complicated
           ,
           and
           when
           they
           are
           propounded
           as
           Examples
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           action
           described
           ,
           there
           is
           something
           naturally
           good
           ,
           and
           something
           bad
           ;
           or
           something
           naturally
           good
           ,
           or
           something
           peculiar
           and
           personally
           good
           ,
           which
           cannot
           pass
           into
           example
           .
           Thus
           when
           it
           is
           affirm'd
           ,
           that
           
             Gideon
             ,
             Jepthah
             ,
             Sampson
             ,
             David
             ,
          
           and
           Baruch
           ,
           through
           Faith
           subdued
           Kingdoms
           ;
           here
           their
           Faith
           is
           to
           be
           imitated
           ,
           but
           not
           their
           Conquest
           ,
           Invasion
           ;
           and
           other
           Acts
           of
           Hostility
           ,
           because
           examples
           in
           War
           are
           ever
           the
           most
           dangerous
           precedents
           ,
           not
           only
           because
           men
           are
           then
           most
           violent
           and
           unreasonable
           ,
           but
           that
           the
           Rules
           of
           War
           are
           least
           describ'd
           ,
           and
           the
           necessities
           are
           contingent
           and
           many
           .
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           Actions
           done
           in
           the
           old
           Testament
           ,
           (
           as
           I
           said
           before
           )
           do
           not
           warrant
           or
           justifie
           us
           without
           such
           an
           express
           Command
           as
           they
           had
           :
           If
           the
           Command
           was
           special
           ,
           and
           personal
           ,
           the
           Obedience
           was
           just
           so
           limited
           ,
           and
           
           could
           not
           pass
           beyond
           the
           person
           ;
           for
           actions
           of
           good
           men
           ,
           if
           perform'd
           upon
           a
           violent
           cause
           ,
           or
           a
           vehement
           necessity
           ,
           are
           not
           to
           be
           imitated
           ,
           unless
           it
           be
           in
           a
           like
           case
           ,
           or
           an
           equal
           necessity
           .
        
         
           Now
           then
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           Examples
           and
           Precedents
           mentioned
           in
           Scripture
           ,
           I
           shall
           afford
           this
           answer
           ;
           that
           Sampson
           did
           primarily
           and
           directly
           intend
           only
           to
           kill
           the
           enemies
           of
           God
           ,
           which
           was
           properly
           his
           work
           ,
           to
           which
           he
           was
           design'd
           by
           the
           Spirit
           of
           God
           ,
           in
           his
           whole
           Calling
           ;
           but
           that
           he
           died
           himself
           in
           the
           ruine
           ,
           was
           his
           suffering
           not
           his
           design
           :
           it
           was
           like
           a
           Souldier
           fighting
           against
           his
           enemies
           ,
           at
           the
           command
           of
           his
           General
           ,
           who
           undertakes
           the
           service
           ,
           though
           he
           knows
           he
           shall
           die
           for
           it
           .
        
         
           Thus
           did
           Eleazar
           the
           Brother
           of
           
             Judas
             Maccabeus
          
           ,
           he
           supposing
           the
           grand
           enemy
           Antiochus
           ,
           to
           be
           upon
           a
           towred
           Elephant
           ,
           goes
           under
           the
           Beast
           ,
           and
           kills
           him
           ,
           who
           ,
           with
           his
           fall
           ,
           crush'd
           the
           Magnanimous
           Prince
           to
           death
           :
           He
           intended
           not
           to
           kill
           himself
           ,
           but
           Antiochus
           ;
           he
           would
           venture
           himself
           ,
           or
           suffer
           death
           .
        
         
           The
           fact
           of
           Saul
           is
           no
           imitable
           Precedent
           ,
           because
           it
           hath
           the
           grim
           aspect
           of
           despair
           upon
           it
           ;
           but
           the
           Jewish
           Rabbins
           soften
           the
           fact
           ,
           and
           say
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           not
           lawful
           for
           any
           man
           to
           perish
           by
           his
           own
           hands
           ,
           unless
           the
           prolongation
           of
           his
           life
           be
           a
           manifest
           dishonour
           to
           God
           ,
           and
           to
           a
           Cause
           of
           Religion
           :
           And
           upon
           this
           account
           they
           excuse
           both
           Saul
           and
           Sampson
           ;
           for
           they
           knew
           ,
           if
           they
           should
           fall
           ,
           or
           abide
           respectively
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           scorners
           ,
           the
           dishonour
           of
           their
           persons
           would
           disparage
           their
           Religion
           directly
           ,
           and
           so
           obliquely
           likewise
           extend
           and
           reach
           to
           God.
           
        
         
           The
           fact
           of
           Rasis
           is
           extracted
           out
           of
           the
           Book
           of
           Maccabees
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           Learned
           of
           the
           Papists
           that
           assert
           this
           Book
           to
           be
           Canonical
           ,
           and
           all
           Protestants
           that
           affirm
           it
           to
           
           be
           Apocriphal
           ,
           do
           both
           concenter
           in
           this
           Opinion
           ;
           that
           an
           example
           of
           so
           dangerous
           a
           complexion
           ,
           ought
           by
           no
           means
           to
           be
           imitated
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           example
           of
           Pelagia
           that
           drownd
           her self
           ,
           &
           other
           Virgins
           that
           threw
           themselves
           from
           precipices
           ,
           because
           they
           would
           not
           be
           ravished
           before
           they
           were
           put
           to
           death
           which
           was
           their
           sentence
           in
           the
           primitive
           Persecutions
           ,
           (
           as
           we
           may
           glean
           from
           Ecclesiastical
           Story
           ,
           )
           unless
           they
           would
           disclaim
           Christianity
           ,
           and
           which
           Precedents
           are
           so
           much
           insisted
           upon
           ,
           in
           some
           cases
           ,
           to
           abet
           Self-Homicide
           ;
           I
           answer
           ,
           that
           their
           Fate
           was
           to
           be
           pitied
           and
           deplor'd
           ,
           but
           not
           justified
           ;
           because
           it
           was
           like
           dying
           before
           the
           wound
           was
           given
           ,
           a
           leaping
           into
           the
           Sea
           for
           fear
           of
           Shipwrack
           :
           it
           is
           to
           do
           violence
           to
           the
           body
           to
           preserve
           it
           chaste
           ,
           to
           burn
           a
           Temple
           from
           keeping
           it
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           preventing
           it
           from
           being
           profaned
           :
           And
           therefore
           it
           is
           no
           just
           excuse
           ,
           to
           say
           the
           Virgin
           Martyrs
           did
           it
           lest
           they
           should
           lose
           their
           Crown
           of
           Virginity
           ;
           for
           she
           that
           loseth
           it
           by
           violence
           ,
           is
           nevertheless
           a
           Virgin
           before
           God
           ,
           but
           more
           a
           Martyr
           .
           But
           then
           ,
           if
           any
           one
           can
           suppose
           it
           fit
           to
           be
           objected
           ,
           that
           if
           they
           lost
           their
           material
           Virginity
           ,
           there
           was
           danger
           lest
           whilst
           they
           were
           abus'd
           ,
           they
           also
           should
           be
           tempted
           ,
           and
           consent
           ;
           I
           answer
           ,
           that
           a
           certain
           sin
           is
           not
           to
           be
           done
           to
           avoid
           an
           uncertain
           one
           :
           and
           yet
           this
           could
           not
           be
           considerable
           in
           the
           cases
           of
           these
           Virgin
           Martyrs
           ;
           for
           they
           were
           not
           only
           primarily
           infinitely
           fortified
           by
           the
           Grace
           of
           God
           ,
           but
           secondarily
           their
           austere
           lives
           ,
           the
           holy
           habits
           of
           their
           souls
           ,
           the
           severe
           instructions
           of
           their
           spiritual
           guides
           ,
           their
           expectation
           of
           eternal
           Crowns
           and
           Chaplets
           ,
           and
           the
           virtue
           of
           Chastity
           ,
           which
           at
           that
           time
           was
           under
           an
           huge
           estimate
           ,
           had
           exceedingly
           secured
           them
           against
           that
           temptation
           :
           besides
           all
           this
           ,
           they
           had
           the
           sentence
           of
           death
           not
           only
           within
           them
           ,
           but
           upon
           them
           ;
           and
           the
           immediate
           
           tortures
           they
           were
           to
           be
           harrassed
           with
           after
           their
           ravishments
           ,
           was
           a
           competent
           mortification
           for
           any
           such
           fears
           .
        
         
           I
           shall
           now
           descend
           to
           unravel
           the
           causes
           that
           possibly
           may
           be
           the
           motives
           and
           incentives
           to
           this
           unnatural
           self-Assassination
           ,
           and
           encounter
           them
           with
           their
           proper
           Remedies
           .
        
         
           And
           first
           ,
           I
           have
           heard
           that
           some
           persons
           that
           have
           been
           dislodged
           from
           the
           heighth
           of
           a
           prosperous
           Fortune
           ,
           and
           forced
           to
           bow
           under
           the
           pressure
           of
           a
           ruinous
           and
           broken
           Patrimony
           ,
           have
           bound
           themselves
           by
           an
           incogitant
           Vow
           ,
           if
           such
           or
           such
           an
           accident
           went
           cross
           ,
           or
           Eccentrick
           to
           their
           desires
           ,
           to
           lay
           destructive
           hands
           upon
           themselves
           ,
           and
           have
           effected
           it
           :
           But
           to
           these
           rash
           persons
           I
           shall
           answer
           ,
           that
           this
           precipitate
           and
           impious
           Vow
           ,
           is
           like
           that
           ,
           that
           a
           man
           through
           heat
           of
           blood
           ,
           engages
           in
           to
           kill
           his
           Brother
           ,
           this
           must
           be
           broken
           ;
           neither
           is
           this
           breach
           of
           Vow
           ,
           the
           choice
           of
           the
           lesser
           sin
           ,
           but
           only
           the
           loosening
           of
           the
           lesser
           Bond
           ;
           the
           Bond
           of
           Charity
           being
           greater
           than
           the
           Bond
           of
           a
           Vow
           :
           for
           in
           the
           terms
           of
           inconsistency
           ,
           when
           both
           cannot
           stand
           together
           ,
           the
           lesser
           must
           surrender
           it self
           to
           the
           greater
           .
           And
           if
           persons
           are
           assaulted
           with
           a
           violent
           poverty
           ,
           let
           them
           comply
           with
           the
           rule
           of
           Divines
           ,
           thank
           God
           for
           what
           they
           have
           ,
           and
           trust
           him
           for
           what
           they
           have
           not
           ;
           for
           who
           without
           impiety
           can
           distrust
           that
           Power
           ,
           that
           can
           buoy
           up
           his
           sunk
           estate
           ,
           though
           languished
           away
           to
           never
           so
           low
           an
           ebb
           ,
           and
           with
           new
           supplies
           recruit
           his
           necessities
           out
           of
           his
           two
           unexhaustible
           Exchecquers
           ,
           Clouds
           and
           Providence
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           Poverty
           is
           like
           a
           Girdle
           ,
           though
           it
           pinches
           the
           body
           with
           its
           uneasy
           cincture
           ,
           yet
           it
           keeps
           the
           garments
           from
           falling
           into
           loosness
           and
           disorder
           :
           so
           this
           ,
           though
           it
           girdle
           in
           ,
           and
           circumscribe
           our
           fortune
           with
           too
           close
           a
           
           pressure
           ,
           yet
           it
           keeps
           us
           from
           breaking
           out
           into
           excesses
           ,
           and
           other
           vitious
           sallies
           ,
           and
           teaches
           us
           the
           exercise
           of
           Humility
           ,
           Patience
           ,
           Fortitude
           ,
           under
           the
           cross
           Prudence
           ,
           Hope
           ,
           and
           other
           Theological
           Virtues
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           much
           improved
           and
           heightened
           by
           this
           calamitous
           condition
           .
           I
           may
           add
           this
           ,
           that
           if
           persons
           shall
           bear
           that
           cheapness
           and
           neglect
           this
           necessitous
           condition
           throws
           upon
           them
           with
           a
           clear
           and
           undisturbed
           composure
           of
           mind
           ,
           every
           stone
           of
           contempt
           that
           is
           thrown
           at
           them
           ,
           will
           become
           a
           pretious
           one
           to
           embellish
           and
           adorn
           their
           Crown
           of
           Glory
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           let
           those
           who
           are
           grated
           upon
           by
           poverty
           ,
           to
           attemper
           and
           mollifie
           the
           sullen
           and
           rugged
           onsets
           of
           it
           ,
           reflect
           upon
           that
           felicity
           that
           dwells
           in
           the
           narrow
           cottage
           of
           a
           virtuous
           poor
           man
           ,
           how
           unbroken
           are
           his
           sleeps
           ,
           how
           calm
           his
           breast
           ,
           how
           composed
           his
           mind
           ,
           how
           easie
           his
           provision
           ,
           how
           healthful
           his
           day
           ,
           how
           sober
           his
           night
           ,
           how
           temperate
           his
           mouth
           ,
           how
           joyful
           his
           heart
           ;
           and
           then
           they
           would
           never
           admire
           the
           noises
           ,
           the
           diseases
           ,
           the
           crowd
           of
           passions
           ,
           and
           violence
           of
           unnatural
           appetites
           ,
           that
           fill
           the
           houses
           of
           the
           luxurious
           ,
           or
           seek
           to
           entertain
           those
           gawdy
           and
           pompous
           cares
           that
           gnaw
           the
           hearts
           of
           the
           envious
           ,
           or
           discompose
           the
           heads
           of
           the
           ambitious
           .
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           Shame
           arising
           either
           from
           reproach
           ,
           or
           fear
           of
           an
           ignominious
           death
           ,
           may
           contribute
           much
           to
           this
           Self-Homicide
           .
           Now
           ,
           if
           those
           reproaches
           and
           aspersions
           that
           are
           shed
           upon
           mens
           fame
           ,
           are
           possibly
           and
           intrinsecally
           true
           ,
           and
           then
           they
           may
           deserve
           them
           ,
           and
           God
           may
           permit
           them
           to
           be
           scattered
           upon
           them
           ,
           to
           reduce
           them
           to
           a
           survey
           of
           their
           own
           follies
           and
           imperfections
           :
           but
           if
           they
           are
           false
           ,
           and
           they
           sustain
           them
           with
           an
           evenness
           and
           calmness
           of
           spirit
           ,
           the
           greater
           Crown
           is
           due
           to
           the
           martyrdom
           of
           their
           Patience
           :
           for
           calumnies
           ,
           if
           neglected
           ,
           evaporate
           into
           the
           foul
           air
           that
           fed
           them
           ;
           if
           men
           
           are
           angry
           at
           them
           ,
           they
           seem
           to
           acknowledg
           them
           .
        
         
           Farther
           ,
           let
           those
           who
           are
           bespattered
           and
           besmeared
           with
           unjust
           aspersions
           ,
           consider
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           the
           nature
           of
           obstinate
           and
           inexpugnable
           wickedness
           ,
           to
           affirm
           that
           of
           others
           it
           merits
           it self
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           the
           only
           comfort
           the
           guilty
           have
           ,
           to
           find
           ,
           at
           least
           believe
           ,
           that
           there
           are
           none
           innocent
           .
        
         
           Fifthly
           ,
           if
           fear
           of
           a
           shameful
           death
           does
           excite
           them
           to
           this
           Tragedy
           ,
           let
           them
           consider
           ,
           that
           to
           prevent
           the
           hand
           of
           Justice
           ,
           or
           the
           hand
           of
           Tyranny
           in
           striking
           ,
           is
           sometimes
           to
           prevent
           the
           Hand
           and
           Providence
           of
           God
           in
           saving
           ,
           and
           is
           an
           act
           of
           desperation
           against
           the
           hopes
           of
           a
           good
           man
           ,
           for
           pardon
           and
           help
           may
           arrive
           in
           the
           interval
           ;
           so
           that
           not
           only
           the
           mercy
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           but
           likewise
           the
           mercy
           of
           God
           ,
           who
           sometimes
           strikes
           persons
           here
           ,
           by
           exacting
           of
           them
           the
           easy
           fine
           of
           a
           temporal
           death
           ,
           that
           he
           may
           spare
           them
           hereafter
           :
           both
           which
           ,
           by
           this
           wilful
           and
           impenitent
           assassination
           ,
           are
           wholly
           anticipated
           and
           extinguished
           .
        
         
           Sixthly
           ,
           I
           have
           heard
           of
           many
           ,
           who
           having
           for
           ignominious
           crimes
           acted
           by
           them
           ,
           been
           condemned
           to
           a
           more
           uncouth
           thraldom
           ,
           released
           their
           bodies
           ,
           by
           violently
           dismantling
           their
           bodies
           the
           nobler
           prison
           of
           their
           souls
           :
           but
           had
           these
           persons
           assoil'd
           ,
           and
           washed
           off
           the
           stains
           and
           blemishes
           of
           life
           by
           a
           severe
           compunction
           ,
           they
           would
           have
           found
           their
           prisons
           transform'd
           into
           Palaces
           ,
           where
           there
           should
           have
           been
           Possession
           without
           fear
           ,
           Charity
           without
           stain
           ,
           Society
           without
           envying
           ,
           Communication
           of
           joys
           without
           expiring
           ,
           and
           every
           clowd
           of
           sorrow
           should
           have
           reflected
           a
           new
           gleam
           of
           Comfort
           multiplied
           to
           a
           never-ceasing
           Numeration
           ;
           and
           every
           fetter
           would
           have
           hang'd
           as
           easie
           upon
           them
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           were
           circumscrib'd
           with
           a
           Ray
           of
           Light
           ;
           and
           when
           they
           had
           
           shaken
           off
           their
           chains
           ,
           and
           rags
           of
           mortality
           together
           ,
           they
           would
           have
           been
           admitted
           to
           dwell
           in
           a
           Countrey
           where
           an
           enemy
           never
           entred
           ,
           and
           from
           whence
           a
           friend
           never
           returned
           .
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           excess
           of
           Pain
           may
           be
           a
           Provocative
           to
           these
           Self-Tragedies
           .
           But
           let
           those
           that
           are
           Infested
           ,
           and
           worried
           with
           the
           Torture
           and
           Assaults
           of
           it
           ,
           set
           before
           themselves
           the
           example
           of
           St.
           Paul
           ,
           to
           be
           their
           Pilot
           to
           steer
           them
           in
           this
           Affair
           ,
           who
           had
           learned
           to
           put
           the
           afflictions
           of
           this
           Life
           (
           under
           which
           the
           Agony
           of
           Pain
           is
           comprehended
           )
           and
           the
           Eternal
           Happiness
           of
           the
           Life
           hereafter
           ,
           into
           an
           equal
           Ballance
           ,
           and
           after
           a
           serious
           Scrutiny
           and
           Survey
           ,
           he
           found
           that
           the
           calamities
           of
           this
           Life
           were
           infinitely
           oversway'd
           and
           out-pois'd
           by
           that
           weight
           of
           glory
           which
           shall
           be
           Reveal'd
           in
           us
           hereafter
           .
        
         
           Let
           them
           also
           who
           are
           assaulted
           with
           pain
           ,
           propose
           to
           themselves
           the
           examples
           of
           the
           Primitive
           Martyrs
           ,
           as
           motives
           and
           incentives
           to
           Patience
           ,
           who
           when
           they
           could
           not
           obey
           the
           Commands
           of
           wicked
           and
           impious
           Princes
           against
           God
           ,
           yet
           obeyed
           them
           against
           themselves
           ,
           by
           paying
           the
           Tribute
           of
           their
           Lives
           to
           the
           Truth
           they
           Asserted
           ,
           and
           so
           purchas'd
           Heaven
           by
           Suffering
           ,
           and
           that
           Crown
           of
           Martyrdom
           ,
           which
           whosoever
           Gains
           ,
           is
           no
           great
           loser
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           last
           and
           indeed
           most
           considerable
           causes
           of
           this
           Self-Assassination
           ,
           are
           either
           an
           erroneous
           Conscience
           ,
           or
           else
           a
           scrupulous
           ,
           warp'd
           and
           distorted
           with
           wild
           and
           irregular
           opinions
           ,
           which
           usually
           reduce
           those
           that
           embrace
           them
           to
           a
           melancholly
           Distemper
           ,
           and
           that
           at
           last
           Determines
           in
           Self-Homicide
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           first
           ,
           I
           shall
           distinguish
           with
           our
           modern
           Casuists
           ,
           that
           we
           ought
           to
           obey
           Conscience
           ,
           but
           not
           the
           error
           of
           Conscience
           ;
           For
           all
           the
           obligation
           Conscience
           
           passeth
           upon
           us
           ,
           is
           Derivative
           from
           God
           :
           God
           it
           is
           true
           commands
           us
           to
           follow
           our
           Conscience
           ,
           but
           yet
           at
           the
           same
           time
           he
           commands
           us
           not
           to
           sin
           ;
           because
           his
           commanding
           us
           to
           follow
           our
           Conscience
           ,
           supposes
           our
           Conscience
           instructed
           by
           his
           Word
           and
           right
           Reason
           ,
           and
           hath
           appointed
           means
           it
           should
           be
           so
           .
           But
           that
           Conscience
           offers
           a
           sin
           to
           the
           obedience
           ,
           is
           the
           mans
           fault
           ,
           and
           not
           the
           intention
           of
           God
           :
           A
           Right
           Conscience
           directly
           and
           finally
           ,
           binds
           us
           to
           the
           Action
           it self
           .
           An
           erring
           Conscience
           cannot
           do
           that
           because
           the
           Action
           it
           offers
           is
           Criminal
           ;
           But
           it
           makes
           us
           to
           take
           that
           instead
           of
           what
           it
           ought
           to
           bind
           us
           to
           .
           That
           is
           it
           hath
           the
           same
           Authority
           ,
           but
           an
           evil
           exercise
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           scrupulous
           Conscience
           is
           of
           a
           more
           nice
           consideration
           ,
           and
           therefore
           is
           to
           be
           treated
           and
           manag'd
           with
           tenderness
           .
           And
           therefore
           a
           Modern
           Casuist
           excellently
           well
           describes
           it
           when
           he
           thus
           represents
           it
           .
           Scruple
           (
           says
           he
           )
           is
           like
           a
           little
           stone
           in
           the
           Foot
           ,
           if
           you
           set
           it
           upon
           the
           ground
           ,
           it
           hurts
           you
           ;
           if
           you
           hold
           it
           up
           ,
           you
           cannot
           go
           forwards
           ;
           it
           is
           a
           trouble
           when
           the
           trouble
           is
           over
           ,
           a
           doubt
           when
           doubts
           are
           resolved
           ,
           a
           little
           Party
           behind
           the
           Hedge
           ,
           when
           the
           main
           Army
           is
           broken
           ,
           and
           the
           Field
           clear'd
           ;
           and
           when
           the
           Conscience
           is
           instructed
           ,
           and
           in
           its
           way
           ,
           and
           girt
           for
           Action
           ,
           a
           light
           trifling
           Reason
           ,
           or
           an
           absurd
           Fear
           ,
           hinders
           it
           from
           beginning
           the
           Journy
           or
           proceeding
           in
           the
           way
           ,
           or
           resting
           in
           the
           Journeys
           end
           .
           Very
           often
           it
           hath
           no
           Reason
           at
           all
           for
           its
           Inducement
           ,
           but
           commences
           from
           indisposition
           of
           Body
           ,
           Pusillanimity
           ,
           Melancholly
           ,
           a
           troubled
           Head
           ,
           sleepless
           Nights
           ,
           the
           Society
           of
           the
           Timorous
           from
           Solitude
           ,
           Ignorance
           ,
           or
           unseason'd
           or
           imprudent
           Notices
           of
           Affairs
           and
           Things
           ,
           a
           strong
           Phansie
           or
           weak
           Judgement
           ,
           or
           from
           any
           thing
           that
           may
           abuse
           the
           Reason
           into
           Irresolution
           and
           giddiness
           ,
           or
           unsettledness
           .
        
         
         
           It
           is
           indeed
           a
           direct
           walking
           in
           the
           Dark
           ,
           where
           we
           see
           nothing
           to
           affright
           us
           ,
           but
           we
           fancy
           many
           things
           ,
           and
           the
           phantasms
           produced
           in
           the
           lower
           Regions
           of
           Fancy
           ,
           nursed
           by
           Folly
           ,
           and
           born
           upon
           the
           arms
           of
           Fear
           ,
           do
           trouble
           us
           :
           but
           if
           Reason
           be
           its
           Parent
           ,
           it
           is
           born
           in
           the
           Twilight
           ,
           and
           the
           Mother
           is
           so
           little
           ,
           that
           the
           Daughter
           is
           a
           Fly
           ,
           with
           a
           short
           head
           ,
           and
           a
           long
           sting
           ,
           enough
           to
           discompose
           the
           judgment
           of
           a
           prudent
           person
           ;
           the
           reason
           of
           scruple
           is
           ever
           as
           obscure
           as
           the
           light
           of
           a
           Glow-worm
           ,
           not
           fit
           to
           govern
           any
           Action
           ,
           and
           yet
           it
           is
           suffered
           to
           stand
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           all
           its
           enemies
           ,
           and
           like
           the
           flies
           of
           Aegypt
           ,
           vex
           and
           trouble
           the
           whole
           Army
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           the
           Advices
           collected
           out
           of
           the
           Magazin
           of
           Cafuistical
           Theology
           ,
           to
           dislodge
           these
           scruples
           ,
           are
           these
           ;
        
         
           First
           ,
           let
           the
           scrupulous
           man
           avoid
           all
           excess
           in
           Mortifications
           ,
           and
           Corporal
           Austerities
           ,
           because
           these
           are
           apt
           to
           disquiet
           the
           body
           ,
           and
           consequently
           ,
           to
           disorder
           the
           mind
           ,
           by
           the
           fond
           prevailing
           perswasions
           of
           the
           World
           ;
           they
           usually
           produce
           great
           opinions
           of
           Sanctity
           ,
           and
           great
           confidences
           of
           God's
           Favour
           ,
           and
           by
           spending
           the
           Religion
           of
           the
           Man
           in
           exterior
           significations
           ,
           make
           him
           ,
           by
           those
           ,
           to
           take
           the
           measures
           of
           an
           uniform
           Life
           ,
           and
           a
           regular
           Piety
           ,
           and
           then
           his
           Religion
           shall
           be
           scruple
           and
           impertinency
           ,
           full
           of
           trouble
           ,
           but
           good
           and
           profitable
           for
           little
           or
           nothing
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           let
           scrupulous
           persons
           interest
           themselves
           in
           as
           few
           Questions
           of
           Intricate
           Dispute
           ,
           and
           Minute
           Disquisitions
           as
           they
           can
           ;
           they
           that
           answer
           fewest
           ,
           do
           commonly
           disturb
           themselves
           with
           most
           curious
           Questions
           can
           puzzle
           every
           man
           ,
           but
           can
           profit
           no
           man
           ;
           they
           are
           a
           certain
           disturbance
           ,
           they
           are
           Rebels
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           the
           Inner-man
           ;
           they
           are
           just
           the
           same
           things
           in
           Speculation
           ,
           that
           scruples
           are
           in
           Practise
           :
           and
           therefore
           ,
           because
           
           Notice
           properly
           tends
           and
           directs
           to
           Action
           ,
           the
           increase
           them
           will
           multiply
           these
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           let
           scrupulous
           persons
           take
           care
           that
           their
           Religion
           be
           like
           their
           Life
           ;
           not
           done
           like
           Pictures
           when
           they
           are
           curiously
           dressed
           ,
           but
           looking
           as
           the
           Actions
           of
           Life
           are
           attir'd
           ;
           that
           is
           so
           as
           things
           can
           be
           constantly
           done
           ,
           that
           it
           be
           apparelled
           with
           the
           usual
           circumstances
           ,
           imitating
           the
           Examples
           ,
           and
           following
           the
           usages
           of
           the
           Best
           and
           most
           Prudent
           Men
           of
           his
           Communion
           ,
           striving
           in
           nothing
           to
           be
           singular
           ,
           not
           doing
           violence
           to
           any
           thing
           of
           Nature
           ,
           unless
           it
           be
           an
           instrument
           ,
           or
           a
           temptation
           to
           a
           Vice
           ;
           for
           some
           men
           mortifie
           their
           Natures
           rather
           than
           their
           vitious
           Inclinations
           ,
           or
           evil
           Habits
           ;
           and
           so
           make
           Religion
           an
           Enemy
           ,
           a
           Snare
           ,
           and
           a
           Burden
           :
           for
           ,
           in
           scrupulous
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           in
           melancholy
           persons
           ,
           Nature
           is
           to
           be
           cherished
           in
           every
           thing
           where
           there
           is
           no
           danger
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           where
           she
           is
           not
           petulant
           ,
           or
           troublesome
           .
           Such
           men
           have
           more
           need
           of
           something
           to
           repair
           their
           House
           ,
           than
           to
           lessen
           it
           .
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           let
           scrupulous
           persons
           be
           cautious
           that
           they
           make
           no
           Vows
           of
           any
           lasting
           Employment
           ,
           or
           Obedience
           ;
           for
           the
           Disease
           that
           is
           within
           ,
           and
           this
           new
           matter
           from
           without
           ,
           will
           create
           new
           fears
           and
           scruples
           upon
           the
           Manner
           ,
           the
           Degrees
           ,
           and
           Circumstances
           of
           performance
           .
           Therefore
           ,
           whatever
           good
           thing
           they
           intend
           ,
           let
           them
           do
           it
           when
           they
           can
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           pleasant
           ,
           profitable
           ,
           honest
           ,
           or
           convenient
           ;
           but
           let
           them
           alwaies
           ,
           as
           much
           as
           they
           can
           ,
           reserve
           their
           liberty
           .
        
         
           To
           summ
           up
           all
           ,
           the
           Casuists
           generally
           advise
           where
           persons
           are
           apt
           to
           be
           benighted
           with
           an
           erroneous
           Conscience
           ,
           or
           stung
           and
           afflicted
           with
           a
           scrupulous
           one
           ;
           before
           they
           embrace
           or
           give
           themselves
           up
           to
           any
           opinion
           ,
           they
           should
           entertain
           it
           under
           these
           Notions
           and
           Qualifications
           ;
           1.
           
           That
           it
           be
           that
           which
           advances
           most
           the
           
           Glory
           of
           God
           ,
           the
           Reputation
           of
           his
           Name
           ,
           and
           is
           most
           agreeing
           with
           his
           Attributes
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           that
           which
           is
           most
           agreeable
           with
           the
           Letter
           of
           Scripture
           ,
           and
           complies
           most
           practically
           with
           the
           purpose
           and
           design
           of
           it
           .
           Thirdly
           ,
           that
           which
           Prudent
           ,
           Pious
           ,
           and
           Just
           Men
           have
           first
           asserted
           ,
           and
           then
           practised
           ,
           and
           whole
           Nations
           have
           approved
           .
           Fourthly
           ,
           that
           which
           is
           agreeable
           to
           common
           Life
           .
           Fifthly
           ,
           that
           which
           is
           best
           for
           the
           publick
           .
           Sixthly
           ,
           that
           which
           is
           more
           Holy.
           Seventhly
           ,
           that
           which
           gives
           least
           confidence
           to
           sin
           ,
           or
           sinners
           .
           Eighthly
           ,
           that
           which
           is
           most
           charitable
           to
           others
           .
           Ninthly
           ,
           that
           which
           gives
           least
           offence
           and
           scandal
           .
           And
           Tenthly
           and
           Lastly
           ,
           in
           destitution
           of
           all
           things
           ,
           else
           that
           which
           primarily
           is
           most
           useful
           to
           the
           publick
           ,
           and
           secondarily
           to
           our selves
           ,
           in
           the
           Conduct
           of
           Humane
           Life
           .
           He
           that
           admits
           an
           opinion
           without
           these
           salutary
           cautions
           ,
           may
           possibly
           suffer
           it
           so
           long
           without
           disturbance
           ,
           to
           dwell
           in
           his
           Conscience
           ,
           until
           at
           length
           it
           become
           a
           Native
           ,
           which
           should
           have
           been
           suddenly
           dislodged
           ,
           and
           turned
           out
           as
           an
           intruding
           ,
           destructive
           Inmate
           ;
           and
           then
           like
           an
           ingrateful
           Serpent
           ,
           having
           warm'd
           its
           venome
           in
           his
           bosome
           ,
           it
           will
           at
           last
           destroy
           him
           .
        
         
           Since
           then
           Self-killing
           is
           opposite
           to
           the
           Eternal
           Law
           of
           God
           ,
           of
           which
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           is
           but
           a
           Transcript
           ,
           repugnant
           to
           the
           Law
           of
           Reason
           ,
           and
           declared
           unlawful
           by
           a
           Superfaetation
           of
           positive
           Laws
           ,
           both
           Canon
           and
           Civil
           ,
           if
           acted
           by
           deliberation
           ,
           choice
           ,
           and
           consent
           ,
           and
           fortified
           by
           the
           concurrent
           usage
           of
           elder
           Nations
           ,
           who
           customarily
           threw
           some
           Character
           of
           Disgrace
           and
           Obloquie
           upon
           the
           bodies
           of
           those
           who
           had
           wilfully
           destroyed
           themselves
           .
           I
           may
           justly
           wind
           up
           this
           Discourse
           in
           this
           Determination
           ;
           That
           Self-Homicide
           is
           wilful
           Murder
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           The
           POSTSCRIPT
           .
        
         
           WHereas
           in
           that
           elaborate
           unhappy
           Treatises
           stil'd
           Biathanathos
           ,
           there
           is
           exhibited
           a
           Copious
           Register
           of
           some
           Elder
           and
           Braver
           Romans
           ,
           who
           embezeld
           their
           Lives
           by
           an
           Imprudent
           and
           Extra-Judicial-Violence
           offered
           to
           themselves
           ,
           as
           namely
           ,
           
             Cato
             Uticensis
          
           ,
           a
           man
           that
           durst
           be
           severely
           honest
           in
           a
           loose
           and
           licentious
           Age
           ;
           and
           Brutus
           his
           Son
           in
           Law
           ,
           that
           great
           Exemplar
           of
           a
           Virtuous
           Life
           ,
           of
           whom
           it
           may
           be
           said
           ,
           so
           far
           as
           it
           relates
           to
           the
           Guidance
           and
           Conduct
           of
           a
           Practical
           Morality
           ,
           that
           he
           saw
           more
           at
           the
           Noon
           of
           Night
           ,
           than
           many
           do
           at
           the
           Noon
           of
           Day
           ;
           and
           others
           of
           a
           less
           Estimate
           and
           Repute
           ,
           who
           out
           of
           Animosity
           ,
           Regret
           and
           Passion
           ,
           by
           an
           unnatural
           and
           injurious
           Violation
           ,
           demolished
           the
           Prison
           of
           their
           Bodies
           ,
           and
           so
           Enfranchis'd
           and
           Rele●s'd
           their
           Souls
           from
           the
           Natural
           Restraints
           and
           Confinements
           of
           their
           Flesh.
           But
           to
           this
           I
           Answer
           ,
           that
           these
           Tragedies
           and
           Bloody
           Impressions
           perform'd
           by
           these
           Persons
           upon
           themselves
           ,
           were
           not
           the
           Legal
           Results
           of
           Common
           Natural
           Instinct
           ,
           or
           the
           Vniform
           and
           Regular
           Products
           of
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           ;
           But
           rather
           the
           prodigious
           Issue
           and
           mishappen
           Births
           of
           those
           three
           Furies
           ,
           Impatience
           ,
           Emulation
           and
           Ambition
           ,
           which
           in
           elder
           Times
           not
           only
           lash'd
           the
           wisest
           Romans
           into
           those
           Excesses
           and
           wild
           Exorbitancies
           ,
           Posteritie
           hath
           since
           generally
           concluded
           them
           Guilty
           of
           .
           But
           likewise
           at
           the
           last
           precipitated
           the
           Common-wealth
           of
           Rome
           it self
           into
           a
           final
           Ruin
           and
           Extinction
           ;
           And
           this
           was
           well
           observed
           by
           Julian
           Sirnamed
           the
           Apostate
           ,
           who
           in
           his
           last
           Scene
           of
           Life
           and
           Agony
           of
           Death
           ,
           concluded
           and
           Expir'd
           with
           this
           Rational
           Expression
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           Recorded
           by
           that
           Judicious
           Historian
           
             Ammianus
             Marcellinus
          
           ,
           in
           the
           Description
           of
           his
           Life
           ,
           
             Aequo
             enim
             Judicio
          
           (
           says
           the
           Dying
           Emperour
           ,
           as
           he
           Relates
           it
           )
           
             Timidus
             est
             ac
             Ignavus
             ,
             qui
             cum
             non
             oportet
             ,
             Mori
             Desiderat
             ,
             &
             qui
             Refugiat
             ,
             cum
             sit
             opportunum
             .
          
           Now
           this
           Evil
           Principle
           of
           Self-Homicide
           ,
           had
           possibly
           shed
           
           a
           Malignant
           Operation
           and
           Influence
           upon
           some
           of
           the
           Greeks
           ,
           which
           discover'd
           it self
           in
           some
           unnatural
           Violences
           Acted
           upon
           themselves
           ,
           which
           mov'd
           and
           incited
           Aristotle
           not
           to
           allow
           it
           to
           be
           so
           much
           as
           Brave
           and
           Magnanimous
           for
           a
           Man
           to
           Kill
           himself
           for
           the
           avoiding
           any
           evil
           ,
           for
           thus
           in
           the
           Third
           and
           Fifth
           Book
           of
           his
           Ethicks
           he
           determines
           to
           Die
           that
           we
           may
           avoid
           Povertie
           :
           The
           Torments
           of
           Love
           ,
           or
           any
           evil
           Affliction
           is
           not
           the
           part
           of
           a
           valiant
           Man
           ,
           but
           of
           a
           Coward
           .
           And
           that
           the
           Grecians
           generally
           did
           abominate
           this
           Fact
           of
           Self-Killing
           ,
           is
           evident
           from
           the
           example
           of
           the
           Milesians
           ,
           who
           to
           cast
           some
           signal
           Obloquie
           upon
           the
           memory
           of
           those
           Virgins
           that
           hang'd
           themselves
           ,
           expos'd
           their
           Bodies
           to
           be
           a
           publick
           Spectacle
           :
           And
           Strabo
           informs
           us
           ,
           that
           the
           Indian
           Priests
           and
           Wise
           men
           ,
           blam'd
           the
           Fact
           of
           Calanus
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           resented
           with
           Regret
           and
           Hatred
           the
           hasty
           Deaths
           of
           Proud
           and
           Impatient
           Persons
           ;
           and
           this
           made
           Aristotle
           in
           his
           Ethicks
           to
           aver
           ,
           that
           they
           that
           kill
           themselves
           ,
           hastning
           their
           own
           Deaths
           before
           the
           publick
           command
           enjoyns
           them
           ,
           are
           injurious
           to
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           from
           whose
           service
           and
           profit
           they
           substract
           themselves
           if
           they
           be
           Innocent
           ,
           and
           if
           they
           be
           Criminal
           ,
           they
           withdraw
           themselves
           from
           her
           Justice
           .
           And
           therefore
           certainly
           it
           was
           an
           Heroick
           Determination
           of
           dying
           
             King
             Darius
          
           when
           he
           was
           mortally
           wounded
           by
           Bessus
           and
           his
           Barbarious
           Complices
           in
           that
           Assasination
           ,
           as
           his
           Tragedy
           is
           Pathetecally
           Related
           by
           
             Q.
             Curtius
             :
             Alieno
             mori
             malo
             scelere
             quam
             meo
          
           ;
           I
           had
           rather
           dye
           by
           another
           mans
           Impiety
           than
           my
           own
           ;
           I
           shall
           wind
           up
           this
           Postscript
           in
           that
           excellent
           Assertion
           of
           St.
           
             Austin
             ,
             Magis
             enim
             mens
             Infirma
             deprehenditur
             ,
             quae
             ferre
             non
             potest
             duram
             Corporis
             sui
             Sanitatem
             ,
             aut
             stultam
             vulgi
             Opinionem
             .
          
           It
           is
           not
           greatness
           ,
           but
           littleness
           of
           Spirit
           ,
           it
           is
           Impatience
           or
           Pride
           that
           makes
           a
           man
           Kill
           himself
           to
           avoid
           trouble
           and
           disquiet
           to
           his
           Body
           ,
           or
           dishonour
           to
           his
           Name
           amongst
           Fools
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           An
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           July
           ,
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           ,
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           hundreds
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             ,
             Cancers
          
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           Sores
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           whole
           .
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           often
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           Humors
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           Sold
           by
           the
           Author
           ,
           at
           the
           two
           Black
           Posts
           in
           East-Harding-street
           ,
           near
           the
           Sign
           of
           Goldsmiths-hall
           ,
           
           between
           Fetter-lane
           &
           
             Shoo-lane
             ;
             London
          
           ,
           and
           by
           
             Edward
             Thomas
          
           at
           the
           Adam
           &
           Eve
           in
           Little-Britain
           ,
           who
           is
           solely
           deputed
           under
           the
           Doctor
           's
           Hand
           and
           Seal
           ,
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           make
           sale
           thereof
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           and
           he
           to
           appoint
           others
           to
           sell
           them
           ,
           not
           only
           in
           the
           City
           of
           London
           ,
           but
           in
           all
           other
           Cities
           and
           Towns
           that
           he
           shall
           think
           fit
           throughout
           the
           whole
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Cities
           of
           Edinborough
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Scotland
           ;
           and
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           Kingdom
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           Ireland
           ,
        
         
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             Doctor
          
           Sermons
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           Take
           notice
           ,
           that
           his
           are
           gilt
           with
           Gold
           ,
           and
           sealed
           up
           with
           his
           own
           Seal
           ,
           in
           
             wooden
             boxes
          
           .
           The
           numbers
           and
           prices
           are
           as
           followeth
           ,
           and
           no
           other
           waies
           .
           
             
               
                 The
                 least
                 Box
                 containing
              
               20
               
                 Pills
                 ,
                 sold
                 for
              
               4
               s.
               
            
             
               
                 The
                 middle
                 Box
                 containing
              
               40
               
                 Pills
                 ,
                 sold
                 for
              
               8
               s.
               
            
             
               
                 The
                 large
                 Box
                 containing
              
               60
               
                 Pills
                 ,
                 sold
                 for
              
               12
               s.
               
            
          
           And
           with
           every
           Box
           is
           delivered
           a
           printed
           Book
           of
           Directions
           ,
           with
           the
           Author's
           Name
           at
           length
           in
           the
           Title-Page
           :
           Without
           which
           Book
           ,
           you
           may
           question
           whether
           the
           Pills
           are
           right
           or
           not
           .