A sermon concerning the sacrifice and satisfaction of Christ. preached before the Queen at Whitehall, April 9., 1693.
         Tillotson, John, 1630-1694.
      
       
         
           1693
        
      
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             A sermon concerning the sacrifice and satisfaction of Christ. preached before the Queen at Whitehall, April 9., 1693.
             Tillotson, John, 1630-1694.
          
           [2], 3-36 p.
           
             s.n.,
             [London :
             1693]
          
           
             Title page lacking on film; title from half t.p.
             Attributed to John Tillotson by Wing.
             Publication information suggested by Wing.
             Reproduction of original in: Newberry Library, Chicago, Illinois.
             Includes bibliographical references in marginal notes.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Jesus Christ -- Sermons.
           Church of England -- Sermons.
           Bible. -- N.T. -- Hebrews IX, 26 -- Sermons.
           Sermons, English -- 17th century.
           Suffering of God.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           SERMON
           Concerning
           the
           Sacrifice
           and
           Satisfaction
           of
           Christ.
           Preached
           before
           the
           QUEEN
           At
           WHITEHALL
           ,
           April
           9.
           1693.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           
           
             A
             SERMON
             Concerning
             the
          
           Sacrifice
           and
           Satisfaction
           of
           Christ
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             HEB.
             IX
             .
             26.
             
          
           
             But
             now
             once
             hath
             he
             appeared
             in
             the
             end
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             to
             take
             away
             sin
             by
             the
             sacrifice
             of
             himself
             .
          
        
         
           AMong
           many
           other
           great
           ends
           and
           reasons
           for
           which
           God
           was
           pleased
           to
           send
           his
           Son
           into
           the
           World
           to
           dwell
           amongst
           us
           ,
           this
           was
           one
           of
           the
           chief
           ,
           that
           by
           a
           long
           course
           of
           the
           greatest
           innocency
           
           and
           the
           greatest
           sufferings
           in
           our
           Nature
           he
           might
           be
           capable
           to
           make
           a
           perfect
           Expiation
           of
           Sin
           :
           
             But
             now
             once
             in
             the
             end
             of
             the
             world
             ,
          
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           in
           the
           conclusion
           of
           the
           Ages
           ,
           that
           is
           in
           the
           last
           Age
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Gospel
           Age
           ,
           
             hath
             he
             appeared
             to
             take
             away
             sin
             by
             the
             sacrifice
             of
             himself
             .
          
        
         
           The
           general
           design
           of
           God
           in
           sending
           his
           Son
           into
           the
           World
           was
           to
           save
           mankind
           from
           eternal
           death
           and
           misery
           ,
           and
           to
           purchase
           for
           us
           eternal
           life
           and
           happiness
           .
           So
           the
           Author
           of
           our
           Salvation
           himself
           tells
           
           us
           ,
           That
           
             God
             so
             loved
             the
             World
             ,
             that
             he
             gave
             his
             only
             begotten
             Son
             ,
             that
             whosoever
             believeth
             in
             him
             should
             not
             perish
             ,
             but
             have
             everlasting
             life
             .
          
        
         
           Now
           in
           order
           to
           the
           procuring
           of
           this
           Salvation
           for
           us
           ,
           the
           impediments
           and
           hindrances
           of
           it
           were
           to
           be
           removed
           :
           these
           were
           the
           guilt
           ,
           and
           the
           dominion
           of
           Sin
           :
           By
           the
           
           guilt
           of
           Sin
           we
           were
           become
           obnoxious
           to
           the
           wrath
           of
           God
           and
           to
           eternal
           condemnation
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           defilement
           and
           dominion
           of
           it
           we
           were
           incapable
           of
           the
           happiness
           of
           Heaven
           and
           the
           reward
           of
           eternal
           Life
           .
        
         
           To
           remove
           these
           two
           great
           hindrances
           two
           things
           were
           necessary
           :
           the
           Forgiveness
           of
           sins
           past
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           our
           deliverance
           from
           the
           wrath
           of
           God
           and
           the
           eternal
           torments
           of
           the
           next
           Life
           ;
           and
           the
           Reformation
           of
           our
           hearts
           and
           lives
           to
           make
           us
           capable
           of
           eternal
           Life
           and
           happiness
           in
           another
           World.
           And
           both
           these
           ,
           if
           God
           had
           so
           pleased
           ,
           might
           for
           any
           thing
           we
           certainly
           know
           to
           the
           contrary
           ,
           have
           been
           effected
           by
           the
           abundant
           mercy
           and
           powerful
           grace
           of
           God
           ,
           without
           this
           wonderful
           method
           and
           dispensation
           of
           sending
           his
           Son
           in
           our
           Nature
           
             to
             take
             away
             sin
             by
             the
             sacrifice
             of
             himself
             :
          
           But
           it
           seems
           the
           wisdom
           of
           
           God
           thought
           fit
           to
           pitch
           upon
           this
           way
           and
           method
           of
           our
           Salvation
           ,
           and
           no
           doubt
           for
           very
           good
           Reasons
           ;
           amongst
           which
           these
           three
           seem
           to
           be
           very
           obvious
           and
           very
           considerable
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           to
           vindicate
           the
           honour
           of
           his
           Laws
           ,
           which
           if
           Sin
           had
           gone
           altogether
           unpunish'd
           would
           have
           been
           in
           great
           danger
           of
           falling
           into
           contempt
           .
           For
           if
           God
           had
           proclaimed
           a
           general
           Pardon
           of
           Sin
           to
           all
           mankind
           ,
           without
           any
           testimony
           of
           his
           wrath
           and
           displeasure
           against
           it
           ,
           who
           would
           have
           had
           any
           great
           veneration
           for
           his
           Laws
           ,
           or
           have
           believed
           in
           good
           earnest
           that
           the
           violation
           of
           them
           had
           been
           either
           so
           extremely
           offensive
           to
           Him
           ,
           or
           so
           very
           dangerous
           to
           the
           Sinner
           ?
        
         
           Therefore
           to
           maintain
           the
           honour
           of
           his
           Laws
           ,
           rather
           than
           Sin
           should
           pass
           unpunish'd
           God
           would
           lay
           the
           punishment
           of
           it
           upon
           his
           
           only
           begotten
           Son
           ,
           the
           dearest
           Person
           to
           him
           in
           the
           World
           :
           Which
           is
           a
           greater
           testimony
           of
           his
           high
           displeasure
           against
           Sin
           ,
           and
           of
           his
           tender
           regard
           and
           concernment
           for
           the
           honour
           of
           his
           Laws
           ,
           than
           if
           the
           Sinner
           had
           suffered
           the
           punishment
           due
           to
           it
           in
           his
           own
           person
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           another
           Reason
           of
           this
           Dispensation
           ,
           and
           that
           likewise
           very
           considerable
           ,
           was
           ,
           that
           God
           might
           forgive
           Sin
           in
           such
           a
           way
           as
           yet
           effectually
           to
           discountenance
           and
           discourage
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           create
           in
           us
           the
           greatest
           horror
           and
           hatred
           of
           it
           :
           Which
           could
           not
           have
           been
           by
           an
           absolute
           Pardon
           ,
           without
           any
           punishment
           inflicted
           ,
           or
           satisfaction
           made
           to
           the
           honour
           of
           his
           Justice
           .
           For
           had
           Sin
           been
           so
           easily
           forgiven
           ,
           who
           would
           have
           been
           sensible
           of
           the
           great
           evil
           of
           it
           ,
           or
           afraid
           to
           offend
           for
           the
           future
           ?
        
         
         
           But
           when
           God
           makes
           his
           own
           Son
           a
           Sacrifice
           ,
           and
           lays
           upon
           him
           the
           punishment
           due
           for
           the
           iniquities
           of
           us
           all
           ,
           this
           is
           a
           demonstration
           that
           God
           hates
           Sin
           as
           much
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           possible
           ,
           as
           he
           loved
           his
           own
           Son.
           For
           this
           plainly
           shews
           what
           Sin
           deserves
           ,
           and
           what
           the
           Sinner
           may
           justly
           expect
           ,
           if
           after
           this
           severity
           of
           God
           against
           it
           he
           will
           venture
           to
           commit
           it
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           this
           Sacrifice
           for
           Sin
           ,
           and
           the
           Pardon
           purchased
           by
           it
           ,
           be
           not
           effectual
           to
           reclaim
           us
           from
           Sin
           ,
           and
           to
           beget
           in
           us
           an
           eternal
           dread
           and
           detestation
           of
           it
           :
           If
           we
           sin
           wilfully
           after
           so
           clear
           a
           revelation
           of
           the
           
             wrath
             of
             God
             from
             heaven
             against
             all
             ungodliness
             and
             unrighteousness
             of
             men
             ,
          
           there
           remains
           
             no
             more
             sacrifice
             for
             sin
             ,
             but
             a
             certain
             fearful
             looking
             for
             of
             judgment
             and
             fiery
             indignation
             to
             consume
             the
             adversaries
             .
          
           For
           what
           could
           God
           do
           more
           to
           testify
           his
           displeasure
           
           against
           sin
           ,
           and
           to
           discountenance
           the
           practice
           of
           it
           ,
           than
           to
           make
           his
           only
           Son
           an
           offering
           for
           Sin
           ,
           and
           to
           give
           him
           up
           to
           be
           wounded
           for
           our
           transgressions
           ,
           and
           bruised
           for
           our
           iniquities
           ?
           In
           what
           clearer
           Glass
           can
           we
           at
           once
           behold
           the
           great
           evil
           and
           demerit
           of
           Sin
           ,
           and
           the
           infinite
           goodness
           and
           mercy
           of
           God
           to
           Sinners
           ,
           than
           in
           the
           sorrows
           and
           sufferings
           of
           the
           Son
           of
           God
           for
           our
           Sins
           and
           for
           our
           sakes
           ?
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           another
           Reason
           of
           this
           Dispensation
           seems
           to
           have
           been
           a
           gracious
           condescension
           and
           compliance
           of
           Almighty
           God
           with
           a
           certain
           apprehension
           and
           persuasion
           ,
           which
           had
           very
           early
           and
           universally
           obtained
           among
           Mankind
           ,
           concerning
           the
           expiation
           of
           Sin
           and
           appeasing
           the
           offended
           Deity
           by
           Sacrifices
           :
           by
           the
           Sacrifices
           of
           living
           Creatures
           ,
           of
           Birds
           and
           Beasts
           ;
           and
           afterwards
           by
           Human
           Sacrifices
           and
           
             the
             blood
             of
          
           
           
             their
             sons
             and
             daughters
          
           :
           by
           offering
           to
           God
           ,
           as
           the
           expression
           is
           in
           the
           
             Prophet
             ,
             their
             first-born
             for
             their
             transgression
             ,
             and
             the
             fruit
             of
             their
             body
             for
             the
             sin
             of
             their
             souls
             .
          
        
         
           And
           this
           Notion
           of
           the
           expiation
           of
           sin
           by
           Sacrifice
           ,
           whether
           it
           had
           its
           first
           Rise
           from
           
             Divine
             Revelation
          
           ,
           and
           was
           afterwards
           propagated
           from
           Age
           to
           Age
           by
           Tradition
           :
           I
           say
           ,
           from
           whence
           soever
           this
           Notion
           came
           ,
           it
           hath
           of
           all
           other
           Notions
           concerning
           Religion
           ,
           excepting
           those
           of
           the
           Being
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           his
           Providence
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Recompences
           of
           
             another
             Life
          
           ,
           found
           the
           most
           universal
           reception
           ,
           and
           the
           thing
           hath
           been
           the
           most
           generally
           practised
           in
           all
           Ages
           and
           Nations
           ,
           not
           only
           in
           the
           old
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           new
           discovered
           parts
           of
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           And
           indeed
           a
           very
           great
           part
           of
           the
           Jewish
           Religion
           ,
           which
           was
           instituted
           by
           God
           himself
           ,
           seems
           to
           
           have
           been
           a
           plain
           condescension
           to
           the
           general
           Apprehension
           of
           Mankind
           ,
           concerning
           this
           way
           of
           appeasing
           the
           offended
           Deity
           by
           Sacrifices
           :
           As
           it
           was
           also
           a
           Figure
           of
           that
           great
           and
           efficacious
           Sacrifice
           which
           should
           in
           due
           time
           be
           offer'd
           to
           God
           to
           make
           atonement
           once
           for
           all
           for
           the
           Sins
           of
           all
           Mankind
           .
        
         
           And
           the
           Apostle
           to
           the
           Hebrews
           doth
           very
           particularly
           insist
           upon
           this
           condescension
           of
           God
           to
           them
           ,
           in
           the
           Dispensation
           of
           the
           Gospel
           :
           and
           whereas
           they
           apprehended
           so
           great
           a
           necessity
           of
           an
           High-Priest
           and
           of
           Sacrifices
           to
           make
           expiation
           for
           the
           sins
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           an
           established
           Principle
           among
           them
           ,
           that
           
             without
             shedding
             of
             blood
             there
             was
             no
             remission
             of
             Sins
          
           ;
           God
           was
           pleased
           to
           comply
           so
           far
           with
           these
           Notions
           and
           Apprehensions
           of
           theirs
           ,
           as
           to
           make
           his
           own
           Son
           both
           a
           Priest
           and
           a
           Sacrifice
           ,
           to
           do
           that
           once
           for
           
           all
           which
           their
           own
           High-Priest
           pretended
           to
           do
           
             year
             by
             year
          
           .
        
         
           And
           from
           hence
           the
           same
           Apostle
           takes
           occasion
           to
           recommend
           to
           them
           the
           
             new
             Covenant
          
           and
           Dispensation
           of
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           as
           having
           a
           greater
           and
           more
           perfect
           High-Priest
           and
           a
           more
           excellent
           Sacrifice
           ,
           than
           were
           the
           High-Priests
           and
           the
           Sacrifices
           under
           the
           Law
           ;
           the
           
             Son
             of
             God
          
           having
           
             by
             one
             Sacrifice
             of
             himself
             obtained
             eternal
             Redemption
             for
             us
             ,
             and
             perfected
             for
             ever
             them
             that
             are
             sanctified
             .
          
        
         
           And
           this
           Apprehension
           prevailed
           no
           less
           in
           the
           Heathen
           World
           ,
           and
           proceeded
           to
           the
           Sacrifices
           of
           Men
           ,
           even
           of
           their
           
             first
             born
          
           .
           And
           with
           this
           Apprehension
           ,
           not
           to
           countenance
           but
           to
           abolish
           it
           ,
           God
           was
           pleased
           to
           comply
           so
           far
           as
           to
           make
           a
           general
           Atonement
           for
           the
           Sins
           of
           Mankind
           by
           the
           Death
           of
           his
           Son
           ,
           appearing
           in
           our
           Nature
           to
           become
           a
           voluntary
           Sacrifice
           for
           us
           :
           God
           
           permitting
           him
           to
           be
           unjustly
           put
           to
           death
           and
           his
           blood
           to
           be
           shed
           by
           the
           malice
           of
           men
           ,
           in
           appearance
           as
           a
           Malefactor
           ,
           but
           in
           truth
           as
           a
           Martyr
           ;
           and
           accepting
           of
           his
           Death
           as
           a
           meritorious
           Sacrifice
           and
           
             propitiation
             for
             the
             Sins
             of
             the
             whole
             World
             :
          
           That
           by
           this
           wise
           counsel
           and
           permission
           of
           his
           Providence
           he
           might
           for
           ever
           put
           an
           end
           to
           that
           barbarous
           and
           inhuman
           way
           of
           serving
           God
           which
           had
           been
           so
           long
           in
           use
           and
           practice
           among
           them
           :
           The
           Son
           of
           God
           by
           the
           voluntary
           Sacrifice
           of
           himself
           having
           effected
           all
           that
           at
           once
           ,
           and
           for
           ever
           ,
           which
           Mankind
           from
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           World
           had
           in
           vain
           been
           endeavouring
           to
           accomplish
           by
           innumerable
           and
           continual
           Sacrifices
           ;
           namely
           ,
           the
           pardon
           of
           their
           Sins
           ,
           and
           perfect
           peace
           and
           reconciliation
           with
           God.
           
        
         
           For
           these
           Ends
           and
           Reasons
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           for
           many
           more
           as
           great
           and
           
           considerable
           as
           these
           which
           our
           shallow
           understandings
           are
           not
           able
           to
           fathom
           ,
           the
           Wisdom
           of
           God
           hath
           pitched
           upon
           this
           way
           and
           method
           of
           delivering
           Mankind
           from
           the
           guilt
           and
           dominion
           of
           Sin
           by
           the
           Sacrifice
           of
           his
           Son.
           And
           to
           this
           end
           it
           was
           requisite
           that
           he
           should
           appear
           in
           our
           Nature
           and
           dwell
           amongst
           us
           for
           some
           considerable
           time
           ,
           that
           by
           a
           long
           course
           of
           the
           greatest
           Innocency
           and
           of
           the
           greatest
           Sufferings
           in
           our
           Nature
           he
           might
           be
           capable
           of
           making
           a
           perfect
           expiation
           of
           Sin.
           
        
         
           So
           that
           two
           things
           were
           requisite
           to
           qualify
           him
           for
           this
           purpose
           ;
           perfect
           Innocency
           and
           Obedience
           ,
           and
           great
           Sufferings
           in
           our
           Nature
           ,
           even
           to
           the
           suffering
           of
           Death
           .
           Both
           these
           the
           Scripture
           declares
           to
           be
           necessary
           qualifications
           of
           a
           Person
           capable
           to
           make
           expiation
           of
           Sin
           ;
           and
           both
           these
           
           were
           found
           in
           the
           Person
           of
           our
           
             B.
             Saviour
          
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           unspotted
           Innocency
           and
           perfect
           Obedience
           .
           This
           the
           Scripture
           testifies
           concerning
           Him
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           course
           of
           his
           Life
           and
           actions
           .
           
             He
             was
             in
             all
             points
             tempted
             like
          
           
           
             as
             we
             are
             ,
             yet
             without
             Sin
             ,
          
           saith
           the
           Apostle
           to
           the
           
             Hebrews
             .
             He
             always
          
           
           
             did
             the
             things
             which
             pleased
             God
             ,
          
           as
           He
           testifies
           concerning
           himself
           ,
           
             and
             we
             are
             sure
             that
             his
             witness
             is
             true
             .
             He
             did
          
           
           
             no
             sin
             ,
             neither
             was
             guile
             found
             in
             his
             mouth
             ,
             as
          
           St.
           Peter
           tells
           us
           of
           Him.
           And
           this
           was
           necessary
           to
           qualify
           him
           for
           the
           perfect
           expiation
           of
           Sin
           ,
           whether
           we
           consider
           Him
           as
           a
           Priest
           ,
           or
           as
           a
           Sacrifice
           .
        
         
           As
           a
           Priest
           ,
           he
           could
           not
           have
           been
           fit
           to
           make
           expiation
           for
           the
           Sins
           of
           others
           ,
           had
           he
           not
           been
           without
           sin
           himself
           .
           And
           this
           the
           Apostle
           tells
           us
           is
           one
           great
           Advantage
           of
           our
           High-Priest
           under
           the
           
           Gospel
           ,
           above
           the
           High-Priest
           under
           the
           Law
           ,
           who
           being
           a
           Sinner
           himself
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           those
           for
           whom
           he
           offer'd
           ,
           had
           need
           to
           offer
           for
           himself
           before
           he
           could
           make
           so
           much
           as
           a
           Legal
           expiation
           for
           the
           Sins
           of
           others
           :
           But
           a
           perfect
           and
           effectual
           expiation
           of
           Sin
           ,
           so
           as
           to
           purge
           the
           conscience
           from
           the
           guilt
           of
           it
           ,
           cannot
           be
           made
           but
           by
           an
           High
           Priest
           who
           is
           holy
           and
           innocent
           himself
           ;
           
           
             For
             such
             an
             High-Priest
          
           ,
           saith
           the
           
             Apostle
             ,
             became
             us
          
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           now
           under
           the
           Dispensation
           of
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           when
           a
           perfect
           expiation
           of
           Sins
           is
           to
           be
           made
           ,
           
             such
             an
             High-Priest
          
           is
           necessary
           ,
           
             as
             is
             holy
             ,
             harmless
             ,
             undefiled
             ,
             separate
             from
             Sinners
             ,
             who
             needs
             not
             as
             those
             High-Priests
             ,
          
           that
           is
           as
           the
           High-Priests
           under
           the
           Law
           ,
           to
           
             offer
             up
             sacrifice
             first
             for
             his
             own
             Sins
             ,
             and
             then
             for
             the
             People
             :
          
           The
           plain
           force
           of
           which
           Argument
           is
           this
           ,
           that
           he
           who
           will
           be
           qualified
           to
           make
           atonement
           
           for
           the
           Sins
           of
           others
           must
           be
           without
           sin
           himself
           .
        
         
           And
           then
           if
           we
           consider
           Christ
           as
           a
           Sacrifice
           for
           Sin
           ;
           perfect
           holiness
           is
           necessary
           to
           make
           a
           Sacrifice
           acceptable
           and
           available
           for
           the
           expiation
           of
           Sin.
           The
           necessity
           of
           this
           was
           typified
           by
           the
           quality
           of
           the
           
             expiatory
             Sacrifices
          
           under
           the
           Law
           :
           the
           Beasts
           that
           were
           to
           be
           offered
           were
           to
           be
           
             without
             spot
             and
             blemish
          
           :
           To
           which
           the
           Apostle
           alludes
           ,
           speaking
           of
           the
           quality
           and
           efficacy
           of
           the
           Sacrifice
           of
           
             Christ
             :
             How
             much
          
           
           more
           ,
           says
           he
           ,
           
             shall
             the
             blood
             of
             Christ
             ,
             who
             through
             the
             eternal
             Spirit
             offered
             himself
             without
             spot
             to
             God
             ,
             purge
             your
             consciences
             from
             dead
             works
             to
             serve
             the
          
           
           
             living
             God
          
           ?
           And
           to
           the
           same
           purpose
           St.
           
             Peter
             ,
             For
             asmuch
             as
             ye
             know
             ye
             were
             not
             redeemed
             with
             corruptible
             things
             ,
             as
             silver
             and
             gold
             ,
             but
             with
             the
             precious
             blood
             of
             Christ
             ,
             as
             of
             a
             Lamb
             without
             blemish
             and
             without
             spot
             ,
          
           hereby
           
           intimating
           ,
           that
           nothing
           less
           than
           the
           perfect
           innocency
           and
           holiness
           of
           him
           who
           was
           to
           be
           a
           Sacrifice
           for
           us
           could
           have
           expiated
           the
           guilt
           of
           our
           sins
           and
           purchased
           eternal
           Redemption
           for
           us
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           great
           Sufferings
           likewise
           in
           our
           Nature
           ,
           even
           to
           the
           suffering
           of
           Death
           ,
           were
           requisite
           to
           the
           perfect
           expiation
           of
           Sin
           :
           I
           say
           ,
           even
           to
           the
           suffering
           of
           Death
           .
           For
           the
           Sacrifices
           which
           were
           to
           make
           expiation
           were
           to
           be
           slain
           .
           And
           it
           was
           a
           constant
           Maxime
           and
           Principle
           among
           the
           Jews
           ,
           and
           the
           Apostle
           more
           than
           once
           in
           this
           Epistle
           seems
           to
           allow
           and
           confirm
           it
           ,
           that
           
             without
             shedding
             of
             blood
             there
             was
             no
             remission
             of
             Sins
             .
          
        
         
           Not
           that
           God
           could
           not
           have
           pardoned
           Sin
           without
           satisfaction
           made
           to
           his
           Justice
           ,
           either
           by
           the
           suffering
           of
           the
           Sinner
           himself
           ,
           or
           of
           a
           Sacrifice
           in
           his
           stead
           :
           But
           ,
           according
           
           to
           the
           method
           and
           Dispensation
           which
           the
           Wisdom
           of
           God
           had
           pitched
           upon
           ,
           he
           was
           resolved
           not
           to
           dispense
           Forgiveness
           in
           any
           other
           way
           .
           For
           which
           reason
           he
           seems
           either
           to
           have
           possess'd
           Mankind
           with
           this
           Principle
           ,
           or
           to
           have
           permitted
           them
           to
           be
           so
           perswaded
           ,
           that
           
             Sin
             was
             not
             to
             be
             expiated
             but
             by
             Blood
             ,
          
           that
           is
           ,
           either
           by
           the
           Death
           of
           the
           Sinner
           ,
           or
           of
           the
           Sacrifice
           .
        
         
           Now
           the
           Life
           of
           our
           
             B.
             Saviour
          
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           his
           Death
           ,
           was
           made
           up
           of
           Sufferings
           of
           one
           kind
           or
           other
           :
           Continual
           Sufferings
           from
           his
           Cradle
           to
           his
           Cross
           ,
           from
           the
           time
           he
           drew
           his
           first
           breath
           to
           his
           giving
           up
           of
           the
           ghost
           :
           And
           not
           only
           continual
           Sufferings
           ,
           but
           the
           greatest
           that
           ever
           were
           ,
           considering
           the
           Dignity
           of
           the
           Person
           that
           suffered
           ,
           and
           the
           nature
           of
           the
           Sufferings
           :
           Considering
           likewise
           that
           these
           Sufferings
           were
           not
           only
           wholly
           undeserved
           
           on
           his
           part
           ,
           but
           unmerited
           also
           on
           ours
           ,
           for
           whose
           sake
           he
           submitted
           himself
           to
           them
           :
           Nay
           ,
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           he
           had
           obliged
           to
           the
           utmost
           those
           for
           whom
           and
           by
           whom
           he
           suffered
           ,
           and
           continued
           still
           to
           oblige
           them
           by
           the
           greatest
           Blessings
           and
           Benefits
           purchased
           and
           procured
           for
           them
           by
           those
           very
           Sufferings
           which
           with
           so
           much
           Malice
           and
           Cruelty
           they
           inflicted
           on
           him
           .
        
         
           Had
           our
           
             B.
             Saviour
          
           been
           a
           mere
           Man
           ,
           the
           perfect
           Innocency
           and
           unspotted
           Purity
           of
           his
           whole
           Life
           ;
           his
           Zeal
           to
           do
           the
           Will
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           his
           delight
           in
           doing
           it
           ;
           his
           infinite
           pains
           and
           unwearied
           diligence
           in
           
             going
             about
             doing
             good
          
           :
           His
           constant
           Obedience
           to
           God
           in
           the
           most
           difficult
           Instances
           ,
           and
           his
           perseverance
           in
           well
           doing
           ,
           notwithstanding
           the
           ill
           usage
           and
           hard
           measure
           ,
           the
           bitter
           Reproaches
           and
           Persecutions
           he
           met
           withal
           for
           it
           ,
           from
           a
           wicked
           and
           
           ill
           natured
           World
           :
           His
           perfect
           submission
           to
           the
           Will
           of
           God
           ,
           his
           invincible
           Patience
           under
           the
           greatest
           and
           bitterest
           Sufferings
           ,
           and
           his
           infinite
           Charity
           to
           his
           Enemies
           and
           Persecutors
           :
           These
           must
           needs
           be
           highly
           acceptable
           to
           God
           ,
           and
           if
           Man
           could
           merit
           of
           God
           ,
           likely
           enough
           to
           be
           available
           for
           the
           Sins
           of
           others
           .
        
         
           But
           our
           Saviour
           and
           our
           Sacrifice
           being
           the
           
             Son
             of
             God
          
           in
           our
           Nature
           ;
           and
           He
           voluntarily
           assuming
           it
           ,
           and
           submitting
           to
           the
           condition
           of
           Humanity
           in
           its
           lowest
           and
           most
           miserable
           state
           ,
           Sin
           only
           excepted
           ;
           and
           his
           being
           contented
           to
           live
           a
           Life
           of
           doing
           good
           and
           suffering
           evil
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           to
           be
           put
           to
           Death
           and
           slain
           a
           Sacrifice
           for
           us
           :
           The
           Dignity
           of
           the
           Person
           who
           did
           and
           suffered
           all
           this
           for
           us
           ,
           and
           his
           dearness
           to
           God
           ,
           must
           needs
           add
           a
           mighty
           value
           to
           so
           perfect
           an
           Obedience
           
           and
           such
           patient
           Sufferings
           ;
           so
           as
           to
           render
           them
           a
           full
           ,
           perfect
           and
           sufficient
           Sacrifice
           ,
           oblation
           and
           satisfaction
           for
           the
           Sins
           of
           the
           whole
           World.
           
        
         
           And
           all
           this
           being
           willingly
           performed
           in
           our
           Nature
           ,
           and
           accepted
           by
           God
           as
           done
           upon
           our
           account
           ,
           may
           reasonably
           be
           presumed
           to
           redound
           to
           our
           benefit
           and
           advantage
           ,
           as
           much
           as
           if
           we
           our selves
           had
           performed
           it
           in
           our
           own
           persons
           :
           Nothing
           being
           so
           proper
           ,
           and
           so
           available
           to
           make
           an
           
             honourable
             amends
          
           and
           satisfaction
           to
           the
           Justice
           of
           God
           for
           the
           Sins
           of
           all
           Mankind
           ,
           as
           the
           voluntary
           Obedience
           and
           Sufferings
           of
           Human
           Nature
           in
           a
           Person
           of
           so
           great
           Dignity
           and
           dearness
           to
           God
           as
           his
           eternal
           and
           entirely
           beloved
           Son.
           
        
         
           Now
           that
           Expiation
           of
           Sin
           was
           made
           by
           the
           Sufferings
           of
           Christ
           in
           
           our
           stead
           ,
           I
           shall
           endeavour
           to
           make
           good
           these
           three
           ways
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           from
           plain
           Testimonies
           of
           
             H.
             Scripture
          
           ,
           declaring
           this
           matter
           to
           us
           as
           clearly
           and
           fully
           as
           it
           is
           possible
           for
           words
           to
           do
           it
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           from
           the
           nature
           and
           intention
           of
           
             Expiatory
             Sacrifices
          
           ,
           both
           among
           the
           Jews
           and
           Heathen
           ;
           to
           which
           the
           Death
           of
           Christ
           is
           in
           the
           
             New
             Testament
          
           so
           frequently
           compared
           ,
           and
           in
           point
           of
           vertue
           and
           efficacy
           to
           take
           away
           Sin
           infinitely
           preferred
           to
           it
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           by
           vindicating
           this
           Method
           and
           Dispensation
           of
           the
           Divine
           Wisdom
           from
           the
           Objections
           which
           are
           brought
           against
           it
           ;
           and
           by
           shewing
           that
           there
           is
           nothing
           in
           it
           that
           is
           unreasonable
           ,
           or
           any
           wise
           unworthy
           of
           God.
           
        
         
           I.
           I
           shall
           produce
           some
           plain
           
           Testimonies
           of
           
             H.
             Scripture
          
           which
           
           decIare
           this
           matter
           as
           clearly
           and
           fully
           as
           it
           is
           possible
           for
           words
           to
           do
           it
           ;
           namely
           ,
           that
           the
           
             Son
             of
             God
          
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           the
           effectual
           Expiation
           of
           Sin
           ,
           suffered
           in
           our
           stead
           ,
           and
           bore
           the
           wrath
           of
           God
           for
           us
           ,
           and
           made
           a
           perfect
           Atonement
           for
           Sin
           ,
           and
           obtained
           eternal
           Redemption
           for
           us
           .
        
         
           
             This
             the
          
           Scripture
           
             declares
             to
             us
             in
             great
             variety
             of
             expressions
             ;
             as
             ,
             that
          
           Christ
           dyed
           for
           us
           ,
           and
           for
           our
           Sins
           ;
           
             that
             he
             was
          
           a
           Sacrifice
           for
           us
           ,
           and
           a
           propitiation
           for
           the
           Sins
           of
           the
           whole
           World
           ,
           
             that
             is
             ,
             of
             all
             Mankind
             ;
             that
          
           he
           bare
           our
           Sins
           in
           his
           own
           body
           on
           the
           Tree
           ,
           and
           appeared
           to
           take
           away
           Sin
           by
           the
           Sacrifice
           of
           himself
           ;
           that
           we
           are
           justified
           in
           his
           blood
           ,
           and
           redeemed
           by
           the
           price
           of
           it
           ;
           
             and
             in
             very
             many
             other
             expressions
             to
             the
             same
             purpose
             .
          
        
         
           And
           this
           is
           so
           evidently
           the
           scope
           and
           meaning
           of
           these
           Expressions
           ,
           that
           it
           cannot
           be
           denied
           without
           
           offering
           the
           greatest
           violence
           imaginable
           to
           the
           
             H.
             Scriptures
          
           .
           For
           can
           any
           man
           think
           that
           God
           would
           have
           used
           so
           many
           expressions
           in
           Scripture
           ,
           the
           plain
           and
           most
           obvious
           sense
           of
           all
           which
           is
           that
           the
           
             Son
             of
             God
          
           suffered
           for
           our
           Sins
           and
           in
           our
           stead
           ,
           if
           this
           had
           not
           been
           his
           design
           and
           meaning
           ?
           Would
           not
           this
           be
           in
           effect
           to
           say
           ,
           that
           God
           hath
           written
           a
           great
           Book
           to
           puzzle
           and
           confound
           ,
           but
           not
           to
           instruct
           and
           teach
           Mankind
           ?
        
         
           I
           will
           at
           present
           single
           out
           some
           few
           of
           those
           many
           Texts
           of
           Scripture
           which
           might
           be
           produced
           to
           this
           purpose
           :
           
             He
             hath
             made
             him
             to
             be
             sin
          
           
           
             for
             us
             ,
             who
             knew
             no
             sin
             ,
          
           that
           is
           ,
           he
           hath
           made
           him
           who
           had
           no
           sin
           himself
           a
           Sacrifice
           for
           our
           sins
           .
           Again
           ;
           
             and
             walk
             in
             love
             ,
             as
             Christ
             also
             hath
             loved
          
           
           
             us
             and
             given
             himself
             for
             us
             ,
             an
             offering
             and
             a
             sacrifice
             to
             God.
          
           St.
           Peter
           
           to
           the
           same
           purpose
           tells
           us
           ,
           that
           
           
             Christ
             also
             hath
             once
             suffered
             for
             Sins
             ,
             the
             just
             for
             the
             unjust
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             bring
             us
             to
             God
             ,
             being
             put
             to
             death
             in
             the
             flesh
             :
          
           Here
           Christ
           is
           said
           to
           have
           
             suffered
             for
             Sin
          
           ;
           and
           to
           declare
           that
           the
           Apostle
           did
           not
           only
           mean
           that
           Christ
           suffered
           upon
           the
           occasion
           of
           our
           Sins
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           suffered
           in
           the
           place
           and
           stead
           of
           the
           Sinner
           ,
           he
           adds
           ,
           
             the
             just
             for
             the
             unjust
          
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           the
           Son
           of
           God
           ,
           who
           was
           innocent
           and
           had
           no
           Sin
           ,
           suffered
           for
           us
           who
           were
           Sinners
           ;
           or
           as
           it
           is
           elsewhere
           express'd
           ,
           
             he
             bare
             our
             sins
             in
             his
             own
             body
             on
             the
             Tree
             .
          
        
         
           It
           is
           true
           indeed
           ,
           that
           Christ
           suffered
           for
           our
           benefit
           and
           advantage
           ;
           which
           the
           Socinians
           would
           have
           to
           be
           all
           that
           is
           meant
           in
           the
           Texts
           which
           I
           have
           cited
           :
           But
           then
           it
           ought
           to
           be
           considered
           ,
           that
           
           Christ's
           suffering
           for
           our
           benefit
           and
           advantage
           does
           by
           no
           means
           exclude
           ,
           nor
           is
           any
           wise
           inconsistent
           with
           his
           suffering
           
           in
           our
           stead
           .
           For
           whoever
           suffers
           in
           another
           man's
           stead
           ,
           and
           to
           save
           him
           from
           suffering
           ,
           does
           undoubtedly
           suffer
           for
           his
           benefit
           and
           advantage
           ,
           and
           gives
           the
           best
           demonstration
           of
           it
           that
           can
           be
           :
           But
           the
           manner
           of
           the
           expression
           ,
           if
           compared
           with
           other
           parellel
           Texts
           of
           Scripture
           ,
           and
           especially
           with
           what
           is
           so
           often
           said
           of
           our
           
           Saviour's
           being
           a
           Sacrifice
           ,
           which
           I
           shall
           have
           occasion
           further
           to
           urge
           by
           and
           by
           :
           I
           say
           the
           manner
           of
           the
           expression
           ,
           if
           well
           considered
           ,
           will
           appear
           to
           any
           man
           that
           is
           not
           contentious
           to
           signify
           our
           
           Saviour's
           suffering
           instead
           of
           the
           Sinner
           .
        
         
           But
           not
           to
           argue
           from
           words
           and
           phrases
           ,
           I
           will
           produce
           two
           Texts
           which
           declare
           this
           matter
           so
           plainly
           ,
           that
           the
           force
           of
           them
           is
           not
           to
           be
           avoided
           without
           the
           most
           shameful
           wresting
           and
           perverting
           of
           them
           .
           
             This
             is
             my
             Commmandment
          
           ,
           says
           our
           
           
           
             Saviour
             ,
             that
             you
             love
             one
             another
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             loved
             you
             .
          
           How
           is
           that
           ?
           he
           declares
           in
           the
           next
           words
           ,
           Greater
           
           
             love
             than
             this
             hath
             no
             man
             ,
             that
             a
             man
             lay
             down
             his
             life
             for
             his
             friend
             ,
          
           that
           is
           ,
           that
           he
           be
           contented
           to
           die
           in
           his
           stead
           .
           And
           to
           the
           same
           purpose
           
           St.
           
             Paul
             ,
             For
             when
             ye
             were
             yet
             Sinners
             in
             due
             time
             Christ
             died
             for
             the
             ungodly
             :
          
           Now
           the
           question
           is
           ,
           whether
           by
           this
           expression
           of
           
           Christ's
           
             dying
             for
             the
             ungodly
          
           be
           meant
           only
           his
           dying
           for
           the
           benefit
           and
           advantage
           of
           Sinners
           ,
           but
           not
           his
           dying
           in
           their
           stead
           ?
           This
           ,
           let
           the
           words
           which
           immediately
           follow
           determine
           :
           
             For
             scarcely
             for
             a
             righteous
             man
             will
             one
             dye
             ,
             yet
             peradventure
             for
             a
             good
             man
             one
             would
             even
             dare
             to
             dye
             :
             But
             God
             commendeth
             his
             love
             to
             us
             ,
             in
             that
             whilst
             we
             were
             yet
             sinners
             Christ
             dyed
             for
             us
             .
          
           And
           now
           I
           appeal
           to
           any
           man
           of
           good
           sense
           ,
           whether
           it
           be
           not
           plain
           that
           the
           Apostle
           here
           speaks
           of
           
           Christ's
           
           dying
           for
           sinners
           in
           the
           same
           sense
           as
           one
           man
           is
           said
           to
           dye
           for
           another
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           to
           save
           another
           from
           death
           ;
           which
           what
           is
           it
           else
           but
           to
           dye
           in
           his
           stead
           ?
           He
           that
           can
           deny
           this
           ,
           is
           perverse
           to
           the
           highest
           degree
           ,
           and
           I
           fear
           almost
           beyond
           the
           possibility
           of
           being
           convinced
           .
        
         
           And
           the
           Argument
           from
           these
           two
           Texts
           is
           so
           much
           the
           stronger
           ,
           because
           we
           do
           not
           here
           reason
           merely
           from
           the
           phrase
           and
           expression
           ,
           but
           from
           the
           main
           Scope
           of
           our
           
           Saviour's
           discourse
           in
           the
           one
           ,
           and
           of
           St.
           
           Paul's
           in
           the
           other
           .
           For
           the
           design
           of
           both
           is
           to
           recommend
           the
           Superlative
           love
           of
           Christ
           to
           us
           above
           the
           greatest
           love
           that
           ever
           any
           man
           express'd
           to
           another
           .
           The
           highest
           pitch
           that
           human
           affection
           did
           ever
           rise
           to
           ,
           was
           for
           a
           man
           to
           lay
           down
           his
           life
           for
           his
           Friend
           ;
           but
           the
           
             Son
             of
             God
          
           laid
           down
           his
           life
           for
           his
           Enemies
           .
           Scarcely
           ,
           says
           St.
           
           
             Paul
             ,
             would
             one
             lay
             down
             his
             life
             for
             a
             righteous
             man
             ,
          
           that
           is
           ,
           for
           one
           who
           is
           but
           strictly
           just
           and
           honest
           ,
           and
           does
           no
           body
           wrong
           ;
           but
           for
           a
           
             good
             man
          
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           for
           one
           that
           is
           kind
           and
           beneficial
           to
           all
           ,
           and
           hath
           obliged
           Mankind
           by
           great
           Benefits
           ,
           some
           one
           may
           be
           found
           that
           would
           lay
           down
           his
           life
           to
           save
           the
           life
           of
           such
           a
           Person
           :
           But
           the
           love
           of
           Christ
           hath
           gone
           far
           beyond
           this
           :
           He
           
             dyed
             for
             Sinners
          
           ,
           for
           those
           who
           were
           neither
           
             good
             men
          
           nor
           
             righteous
             :
             But
             God
             commendeth
             his
             love
             to
             us
             ,
             in
             that
             whilst
             we
             were
             yet
             Sinners
             Christ
             dyed
             for
             us
             .
          
           Now
           where
           doth
           the
           force
           of
           this
           Argument
           lye
           ,
           if
           not
           in
           this
           ?
           that
           Christ
           hath
           done
           that
           for
           us
           ,
           who
           were
           Enemies
           and
           Sinners
           ,
           which
           some
           very
           few
           persons
           in
           the
           World
           have
           done
           for
           their
           Friend
           ,
           or
           for
           some
           very
           eminently
           
             good
             man
          
           :
           And
           what
           is
           that
           ?
           Why
           they
           have
           laid
           down
           their
           lives
           in
           their
           stead
           :
           And
           
           so
           Christ
           hath
           done
           for
           us
           .
           This
           seems
           to
           be
           so
           very
           plain
           ,
           that
           I
           do
           not
           see
           how
           the
           force
           of
           this
           Argument
           is
           possible
           to
           be
           avoided
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           evident
           then
           from
           Scripture
           ,
           that
           Christ
           dyed
           not
           only
           for
           our
           advantage
           but
           in
           our
           stead
           ;
           as
           truly
           and
           really
           as
           any
           man
           ever
           did
           or
           can
           dye
           for
           another
           who
           lays
           down
           his
           own
           life
           to
           save
           another
           from
           death
           .
           For
           if
           Christ
           had
           not
           dyed
           ,
           we
           had
           perished
           everlastingly
           ;
           and
           because
           he
           dyed
           ,
           we
           are
           saved
           from
           eternal
           Death
           and
           misery
           .
        
         
           And
           though
           this
           be
           no
           where
           in
           Scripture
           spoken
           of
           by
           the
           name
           or
           term
           of
           Satisfaction
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           said
           to
           be
           the
           price
           of
           our
           Redemption
           ;
           which
           surely
           is
           the
           same
           thing
           in
           effect
           with
           Satisfaction
           .
           For
           as
           we
           are
           Sinners
           we
           are
           liable
           ,
           and
           ,
           as
           I
           may
           say
           ,
           indebted
           to
           the
           Justice
           of
           God
           :
           And
           the
           Son
           of
           God
           ,
           by
           his
           Death
           and
           Sufferings
           in
           our
           Nature
           ,
           
           hath
           discharged
           this
           obligation
           and
           paid
           this
           debt
           for
           us
           :
           Which
           discharge
           since
           it
           was
           obtained
           for
           us
           by
           the
           shedding
           of
           
           Christ's
           blood
           ,
           and
           the
           Scripture
           tells
           us
           that
           
             without
             shedding
             of
             blood
             there
             is
             no
             remission
             of
             Sins
             :
          
           And
           since
           God
           is
           graciously
           pleased
           to
           accept
           of
           it
           for
           the
           Debt
           which
           we
           owed
           to
           his
           Justice
           ,
           and
           to
           declare
           himself
           fully
           pleased
           and
           contented
           with
           it
           ,
           why
           it
           may
           not
           properly
           enough
           be
           called
           payment
           or
           satisfaction
           I
           confess
           I
           am
           not
           able
           to
           understand
           .
           Men
           may
           eternally
           wrangle
           about
           any
           thing
           ,
           but
           what
           a
           frivolous
           contention
           ,
           what
           a
           trifling
           in
           serious
           matters
           ,
           what
           barretrie
           in
           Divinity
           is
           this
           ?
        
         
           Not
           that
           God
           was
           angry
           with
           his
           Son
           ,
           when
           he
           thus
           
             laid
             on
             him
             the
             iniquities
             of
             us
             all
             :
          
           No
           he
           was
           always
           well
           pleased
           with
           him
           ;
           and
           never
           better
           ,
           than
           when
           he
           
             became
             obedient
             to
             the
             Death
             ,
             even
             the
             Death
             of
             the
             Cross
             ,
          
           
           and
           
             bore
             our
             Sins
             in
             his
             own
             body
             on
             the
             Tree
             .
          
        
         
           Nor
           yet
           that
           our
           Saviour
           suffered
           the
           very
           same
           that
           the
           Sinner
           should
           have
           suffered
           ,
           namely
           ▪
           the
           proper
           Pains
           and
           Torment
           of
           the
           Damned
           :
           But
           that
           his
           Obedience
           and
           Sufferings
           were
           of
           that
           value
           and
           esteem
           with
           God
           ,
           and
           his
           voluntary
           Sacrifice
           of
           himself
           so
           well-pleasing
           to
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           thereupon
           entred
           into
           a
           Covenant
           of
           Grace
           and
           Mercy
           with
           Mankind
           ,
           wherein
           he
           hath
           engaged
           himself
           to
           forgive
           the
           Sins
           of
           those
           who
           believe
           and
           repent
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           them
           partakers
           of
           eternal
           life
           .
           And
           hence
           the
           
             Blood
             of
             Christ
          
           which
           was
           shed
           for
           us
           upon
           the
           Cross
           is
           called
           
             the
             Blood
             of
             the
             Covenant
          
           ,
           as
           being
           the
           Sanction
           of
           that
           
             New
             Covenant
          
           ,
           into
           which
           God
           is
           entred
           with
           Mankind
           :
           and
           not
           only
           the
           Sanction
           and
           confir
           mation
           of
           that
           Covenant
           ,
           but
           the
           very
           Foundation
           of
           
           it
           :
           For
           which
           reason
           the
           Cup
           in
           the
           
             Lord's
             Supper
          
           is
           called
           
             the
             New
             Testament
          
           ,
           or
           ,
           as
           the
           word
           should
           rather
           be
           rendred
           ,
           
             the
             New
             Covenant
             in
             his
             Blood
             ,
             which
             was
             shed
             for
             many
             for
             the
             remission
             of
             Sins
             .
          
           I
           proceed
           now
           to
           the
        
         
           
           II
           
           d.
           Thing
           propounded
           ,
           which
           was
           to
           shew
           that
           the
           Expiation
           of
           our
           Sins
           was
           made
           by
           the
           Sufferings
           of
           Christ
           ,
           from
           the
           nature
           and
           intention
           of
           
             Expiatory
             Sacrifices
          
           ,
           both
           among
           the
           Jews
           and
           Heathen
           ;
           to
           which
           the
           
             Death
             of
             Christ
          
           is
           in
           the
           
             New
             Testament
          
           so
           frequently
           compared
           ,
           and
           in
           point
           of
           vertue
           and
           efficacy
           to
           take
           away
           Sin
           infinitely
           preferr'd
           to
           it
           .
        
         
           Now
           the
           nature
           and
           design
           of
           
             Expiatory
             Sacrifices
          
           was
           plainly
           this
           :
           To
           substitute
           one
           
             Living
             Creature
          
           to
           suffer
           and
           die
           instead
           of
           another
           ;
           so
           that
           what
           the
           Sinner
           deserved
           to
           
           have
           suffered
           was
           supposed
           to
           be
           done
           to
           the
           Sacrifice
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           it
           was
           slain
           to
           make
           an
           atonement
           for
           the
           Sinner
           .
        
         
           And
           though
           there
           was
           no
           reason
           to
           hope
           for
           any
           such
           effect
           from
           the
           Blood
           of
           Bulls
           ,
           or
           Goats
           ,
           or
           of
           any
           other
           
             Living
             Creatures
          
           that
           were
           wont
           to
           be
           offered
           up
           in
           Sacrifice
           ;
           yet
           that
           both
           Jews
           and
           Heathen
           did
           expect
           and
           hope
           for
           it
           ,
           is
           so
           very
           evident
           ,
           that
           it
           cannot
           without
           extreme
           Ignorance
           or
           Obstinacy
           be
           deny'd
           .
        
         
           But
           this
           expectation
           ,
           how
           unreasonable
           soever
           ,
           plainly
           shews
           it
           to
           have
           been
           the
           common
           Apprehension
           of
           Mankind
           ,
           in
           all
           Ages
           ,
           that
           God
           would
           not
           be
           appeased
           ,
           nor
           should
           Sin
           be
           pardoned
           without
           Suffering
           :
           But
           yet
           so
           that
           men
           generally
           conceived
           good
           hopes
           that
           upon
           the
           Repentance
           of
           Sinners
           God
           would
           accept
           of
           a
           vicarious
           punishment
           ,
           
           that
           is
           ,
           of
           the
           Suffering
           of
           some
           other
           in
           their
           stead
           .
           And
           very
           probably
           ,
           as
           I
           said
           before
           ,
           in
           compliance
           with
           this
           Apprehension
           of
           Mankind
           ,
           and
           in
           condescention
           to
           it
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           for
           other
           weighty
           Reasons
           best
           known
           to
           the
           Divine
           Wisdom
           ,
           God
           was
           pleased
           to
           find
           out
           such
           a
           Sacrifice
           as
           should
           really
           and
           effectually
           procure
           for
           them
           that
           great
           Blessing
           of
           the
           Forgiveness
           of
           Sins
           ,
           which
           they
           had
           so
           long
           hoped
           for
           from
           the
           multitude
           of
           their
           own
           Sacrifices
           .
        
         
           And
           the
           Apostle
           to
           the
           Hebrews
           doth
           in
           a
           large
           Discourse
           shew
           the
           great
           vertue
           and
           efficacy
           of
           the
           Sacrifice
           of
           Christ
           ,
           to
           the
           purpose
           of
           Remission
           of
           Sins
           ,
           above
           that
           of
           the
           Sacrifices
           under
           the
           Law
           :
           And
           that
           the
           Death
           of
           Christ
           is
           really
           and
           effectually
           to
           our
           advantage
           all
           that
           which
           the
           Sacrifices
           under
           the
           Law
           were
           supposed
           to
           be
           to
           the
           Sinner
           :
           
             But
             now
             once
          
           ,
           
           saith
           the
           Apostle
           here
           in
           the
           
             Text
             ,
             in
             the
             end
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             hath
             he
             appeared
             to
             take
             away
             Sin
             by
             the
             Sacrifice
             of
             himself
             .
          
           This
           is
           the
           great
           vertue
           and
           efficacy
           of
           the
           Sacrifice
           of
           Christ
           ,
           that
           what
           ever
           was
           expected
           from
           any
           other
           Sacrifices
           ,
           either
           by
           Jews
           or
           Heathens
           ,
           was
           really
           effected
           by
           this
           .
        
         
           This
           was
           plainly
           signified
           by
           the
           
             Jewish
             Passover
          
           ,
           wherein
           the
           Lamb
           was
           slain
           ,
           and
           the
           Sinner
           did
           escape
           and
           was
           
             pass'd
             by
          
           .
           In
           allusion
           whereto
           St.
           Paul
           makes
           no
           scruple
           to
           call
           Christ
           our
           Passover
           or
           
             Paschal
             Lamb
          
           ,
           who
           was
           slain
           that
           we
           might
           
             escape
             :
             Christ
             our
             Passover
          
           ,
           says
           he
           ,
           
             is
             slain
          
           or
           
           
             offer'd
             for
             us
          
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           He
           by
           the
           gracious
           appointment
           of
           God
           was
           substituted
           to
           suffer
           all
           that
           in
           our
           stead
           which
           the
           
             Paschal
             Lamb
          
           was
           supposed
           to
           suffer
           for
           the
           Sinner
           .
        
         
           And
           this
           was
           likewise
           signified
           by
           the
           Sinners
           laying
           his
           hand
           upon
           the
           Sacrifice
           that
           was
           to
           be
           slain
           ,
           
           thereby
           as
           it
           were
           transferring
           the
           punishment
           which
           was
           due
           to
           himself
           upon
           the
           Sacrifice
           that
           was
           to
           be
           slain
           and
           offered
           up
           .
           For
           so
           God
           tells
           Moses
           ,
           that
           the
           Sinner
           ,
           who
           came
           to
           offer
           an
           Expiatory
           Sacrifice
           ,
           
           should
           do
           :
           
             He
             shall
             put
             his
             hand
             upon
             the
             head
             of
             the
             burnt-offering
             ,
             and
             it
             shall
             be
             accepted
             for
             him
             ,
             to
             make
             an
             Atonement
             for
             him
             .
          
           And
           the
           Apostle
           tells
           us
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           an
           established
           Principle
           in
           the
           Jewish
           Religion
           ,
           that
           
             without
             shedding
             of
             blood
             there
             was
             no
             Remission
             of
             Sins
             :
          
           Which
           plainly
           shews
           that
           they
           expected
           this
           Benefit
           of
           the
           Remission
           of
           Sins
           ,
           from
           the
           Blood
           of
           their
           Sacrifices
           .
        
         
           And
           then
           he
           tells
           us
           ,
           that
           we
           are
           really
           made
           partakers
           of
           this
           Benefit
           by
           the
           Blood
           of
           Christ
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           
           vertue
           of
           his
           Sacrifice
           :
           And
           again
           ,
           Christ
           ,
           says
           he
           ,
           
             was
             once
             offered
             to
             bear
             the
             Sins
             of
             many
          
           ;
           plainly
           alluding
           to
           the
           Sacrifices
           under
           the
           Law
           ,
           which
           
           did
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           bear
           the
           faults
           of
           the
           Sinner
           .
        
         
           And
           that
           this
           expression
           ,
           of
           
           Christ's
           being
           
             offered
             to
             bear
             our
             Sins
          
           ,
           cannot
           be
           meant
           of
           his
           taking
           away
           our
           Sins
           by
           his
           holy
           Doctrine
           which
           was
           confirmed
           by
           his
           Death
           ,
           but
           of
           his
           bearing
           our
           Sins
           by
           way
           of
           imputation
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           suffering
           for
           them
           in
           our
           stead
           ,
           as
           the
           Sacrifice
           was
           supposed
           to
           do
           for
           the
           Sinner
           ;
           This
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           is
           evident
           beyond
           all
           denial
           from
           the
           opposition
           which
           follows
           ,
           after
           the
           Text
           ,
           between
           his
           first
           Appearance
           and
           his
           
             second
             ;
             Christ
          
           ,
           says
           our
           
             Apostle
             ,
             was
             once
             offered
             to
             bear
             our
             Sins
             ,
          
           
           
             but
             unto
             them
             that
             look
             for
             him
             he
             shall
             appear
             a
             second
             time
             without
             Sin
             unto
             Salvation
             .
          
           Why
           ?
           Did
           he
           not
           appear
           the
           first
           time
           without
           Sin
           ?
           Yes
           certainly
           ,
           as
           to
           any
           inherent
           guilt
           ;
           for
           the
           Scripture
           tells
           us
           
             he
             had
             no
             Sin.
          
           What
           then
           is
           the
           meaning
           of
           the
           opposition
           ,
           That
           at
           his
           first
           Coming
           
           
             he
             bore
             our
             Sins
          
           ,
           but
           at
           his
           second
           Coming
           
             he
             shall
             appear
             without
             Sin
             unto
             Salvation
             ?
          
           These
           words
           can
           have
           no
           other
           imaginable
           sense
           but
           this
           ,
           that
           at
           his
           first
           Coming
           he
           sustain'd
           the
           Person
           of
           a
           Sinner
           and
           suffered
           instead
           of
           us
           ;
           but
           his
           second
           Coming
           shall
           be
           upon
           another
           account
           ,
           and
           
             he
             shall
             appear
             without
             Sin
             unto
             Salvation
             ,
          
           that
           is
           ,
           not
           as
           a
           Sacrifice
           ,
           but
           as
           a
           Judge
           to
           confer
           the
           Reward
           of
           Eternal
           Life
           upon
           those
           who
           are
           partakers
           of
           the
           benefit
           of
           that
           Sacrifice
           which
           he
           offered
           to
           God
           for
           us
           
             in
             the
             days
             of
             his
             Flesh
             .
          
           I
           proceed
           to
           the
        
         
           
           III
           
           d.
           Thing
           I
           proposed
           ,
           and
           which
           yet
           remains
           to
           be
           spoken
           to
           ;
           namely
           ,
           to
           vindicate
           this
           Method
           and
           Dispensation
           of
           the
           
             Divine
             Wisdom
          
           from
           the
           Objections
           which
           are
           brought
           against
           it
           ;
           and
           to
           shew
           that
           there
           is
           nothing
           in
           it
           that
           is
           unreasonable
           ,
           
           or
           any
           wise
           unworthy
           of
           God.
           I
           shall
           mention
           
             four
             Objections
          
           which
           are
           commonly
           urged
           in
           this
           matter
           ,
           and
           I
           think
           they
           are
           all
           that
           are
           considerable
           .
        
         
           Obj.
           1
           
             st
             .
             First
          
           ,
           That
           this
           Method
           ,
           of
           the
           Expiation
           of
           Sin
           by
           the
           Sufferings
           of
           Christ
           ,
           seems
           to
           argue
           some
           defect
           and
           want
           of
           Goodness
           in
           God
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           needed
           some
           external
           Motive
           and
           were
           not
           of
           himself
           disposed
           to
           forgive
           Sinners
           .
        
         
           To
           which
           I
           think
           the
           Answer
           is
           not
           difficult
           ,
           namely
           ,
           that
           God
           did
           not
           want
           Goodness
           to
           have
           forgiven
           Sin
           freely
           and
           without
           any
           Satisfaction
           ,
           but
           his
           Wisdom
           did
           not
           think
           it
           meet
           to
           give
           encouragement
           to
           Sin
           by
           too
           easy
           a
           forgiveness
           ,
           and
           without
           some
           remarkable
           testimony
           of
           his
           severe
           displeasure
           against
           it
           :
           And
           therefore
           his
           greater
           Goodness
           and
           Compassion
           to
           Mankind
           devised
           this
           way
           to
           save
           the
           Sinner
           ,
           without
           
           giving
           the
           least
           countenance
           and
           encouragement
           to
           Sin.
           
        
         
           For
           God
           to
           think
           of
           saving
           us
           any
           way
           ,
           was
           excessive
           Goodness
           and
           Mercy
           ;
           but
           to
           think
           of
           doing
           it
           in
           this
           way
           ,
           by
           substituting
           his
           dearly
           beloved
           Son
           to
           suffer
           in
           our
           stead
           ,
           is
           a
           Condescention
           so
           very
           amazing
           ,
           that
           if
           God
           had
           not
           been
           pleased
           of
           his
           own
           Goodness
           to
           stoop
           to
           it
           ,
           it
           had
           almost
           been
           Blasphemy
           in
           Man
           to
           have
           thought
           of
           it
           ,
           or
           desired
           it
           .
        
         
           Obj.
           2
           
             d.
             Secondly
          
           ,
           How
           can
           our
           Sins
           be
           said
           to
           have
           been
           forgiven
           freely
           ,
           if
           the
           Pardon
           of
           them
           was
           purchased
           at
           so
           dear
           a
           rate
           and
           so
           mighty
           a
           Price
           was
           paid
           for
           it
           ?
        
         
           In
           Answer
           to
           this
           I
           desire
           these
           two
           things
           may
           be
           considered
           .
           1
           st
           .
           That
           it
           is
           a
           wonderful
           grace
           and
           favour
           of
           God
           to
           admit
           of
           this
           translation
           of
           the
           Punishment
           which
           was
           due
           to
           us
           ,
           and
           to
           accept
           of
           the
           
           Sufferings
           of
           another
           in
           our
           stead
           ,
           and
           for
           our
           benefit
           ;
           when
           he
           might
           justly
           have
           exacted
           it
           of
           us
           in
           our
           own
           Persons
           :
           So
           that
           ,
           even
           in
           this
           respect
           ,
           we
           are
           ,
           as
           St.
           Paul
           says
           ,
           
             justified
             freely
             by
             his
             grace
             ,
             through
             the
             Redemption
             that
             is
             in
             Jesus
             Christ
             :
          
           And
           freely
           too
           in
           respect
           of
           any
           necessity
           that
           lay
           upon
           God
           to
           forgive
           us
           in
           this
           or
           any
           other
           way
           .
           It
           was
           a
           free
           act
           of
           his
           Goodness
           to
           save
           us
           ,
           even
           by
           the
           Satisfaction
           and
           Sufferings
           of
           his
           own
           Son.
           2
           ly
           .
           It
           was
           in
           effect
           freely
           too
           ,
           notwithstanding
           the
           mighty
           Price
           which
           was
           paid
           for
           our
           Redemption
           .
           Because
           this
           Price
           was
           not
           of
           our
           own
           procuring
           ,
           but
           of
           God's
           providing
           ;
           He
           
             found
             out
             this
             Ransome
             for
             us
             .
          
           And
           will
           any
           man
           say
           ,
           that
           a
           Prince
           who
           prevails
           with
           his
           Son
           to
           intercede
           for
           the
           Pardon
           of
           a
           Rebel
           ,
           yea
           and
           to
           suffer
           some
           punishment
           or
           to
           pay
           a
           Fine
           for
           the
           obtaining
           of
           it
           ,
           does
           
           not
           in
           effect
           and
           in
           all
           equitable
           and
           grateful
           construction
           forgive
           him
           freely
           ?
        
         
           Obj.
           3
           
             d.
             Thirdly
          
           ,
           It
           is
           yet
           further
           objected
           ,
           That
           this
           seems
           to
           be
           more
           unreasonable
           than
           the
           sacrificing
           of
           Beasts
           among
           the
           Jews
           ,
           nay
           than
           the
           sacrificing
           of
           Men
           among
           the
           Heathen
           ,
           and
           even
           of
           their
           
             own
             Sons
             and
             Daughters
          
           :
           Because
           this
           is
           the
           offering
           up
           of
           the
           
             Son
             of
             God
          
           ,
           the
           most
           innocent
           and
           the
           most
           excellent
           Person
           that
           ever
           was
           .
        
         
           To
           which
           I
           answer
           ,
           that
           if
           we
           consider
           the
           manner
           ,
           and
           the
           design
           of
           it
           ,
           the
           thing
           will
           appear
           to
           be
           quite
           otherwise
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           manner
           of
           it
           ,
           God
           did
           not
           command
           his
           Son
           to
           be
           sacrificed
           ,
           but
           his
           Providence
           permitted
           the
           wickedness
           and
           violence
           of
           men
           to
           put
           him
           to
           death
           :
           And
           then
           his
           Goodness
           and
           Wisdom
           did
           over-rule
           this
           worst
           of
           Actions
           to
           
           the
           best
           of
           Ends.
           And
           if
           we
           consider
           the
           matter
           aright
           ,
           how
           is
           this
           any
           more
           a
           reflection
           upon
           the
           Holy
           Providence
           of
           God
           ,
           than
           any
           Enormities
           and
           Cuelties
           which
           by
           his
           permission
           are
           daily
           committed
           in
           the
           World
           ?
        
         
           And
           then
           if
           we
           consider
           the
           End
           and
           Design
           of
           this
           permission
           of
           
           Christ's
           Death
           ,
           and
           the
           application
           of
           it
           to
           the
           purpose
           of
           a
           general
           Expiation
           ;
           we
           cannot
           but
           acknowledge
           ,
           and
           even
           adore
           the
           gracious
           and
           mercifull
           Design
           of
           it
           .
           For
           by
           this
           means
           God
           did
           at
           once
           put
           an
           end
           to
           that
           unreasonable
           and
           bloody
           way
           of
           Worship
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           so
           long
           practiced
           in
           the
           World
           :
           And
           after
           this
           one
           Sacrifice
           ,
           which
           was
           so
           infinitely
           dear
           to
           God
           ,
           the
           benefit
           of
           Expiation
           was
           not
           to
           be
           expected
           in
           any
           other
           way
           ;
           all
           other
           Sacrifices
           being
           worthless
           and
           vain
           in
           comparison
           of
           this
           :
           And
           it
           hath
           ever
           since
           
           obtained
           this
           effect
           ,
           of
           making
           all
           other
           Sacrifices
           to
           cease
           ,
           in
           all
           Parts
           of
           the
           World
           where
           Christianity
           hath
           prevailed
           .
        
         
           Obj.
           4
           
             th
             .
             Fourthly
          
           ,
           The
           last
           Objection
           is
           ,
           the
           Injustice
           and
           Cruelty
           of
           an
           innocent
           Person
           's
           suffering
           instead
           of
           the
           Offender
           .
        
         
           To
           this
           I
           answer
           ,
           That
           they
           who
           make
           so
           great
           a
           noise
           with
           this
           Objection
           do
           seem
           to
           me
           to
           give
           a
           full
           and
           clear
           Answer
           to
           it
           themselves
           ,
           by
           acknowledging
           ,
           as
           they
           constantly
           and
           expresly
           do
           ,
           that
           our
           Saviour
           suffered
           all
           this
           for
           our
           benefit
           and
           advantage
           ,
           though
           not
           in
           our
           place
           and
           stead
           .
           For
           this
           ,
           to
           my
           apprehension
           ,
           is
           plainly
           to
           give
           up
           the
           Cause
           ,
           unless
           they
           can
           shew
           a
           good
           reason
           why
           there
           is
           not
           as
           much
           Injustice
           and
           Cruelty
           in
           an
           innocent
           Person
           's
           suffering
           for
           the
           benefit
           and
           advantage
           of
           a
           Malefactor
           ,
           as
           in
           his
           suffering
           in
           his
           stead
           :
           So
           little
           do
           Men
           ,
           
           in
           the
           heat
           of
           dispute
           and
           opposition
           ,
           who
           are
           resolved
           to
           hold
           fast
           an
           Opinion
           in
           despite
           of
           Reason
           and
           good
           sense
           ,
           consider
           ,
           that
           they
           do
           many
           times
           in
           effect
           ,
           and
           by
           necessary
           consequence
           ,
           grant
           the
           very
           thing
           which
           in
           express
           terms
           they
           do
           so
           stifly
           and
           pertinaciously
           deny
           .
        
         
           The
           truth
           of
           the
           matter
           is
           this
           ;
           there
           is
           nothing
           of
           Injustice
           or
           Cruelty
           in
           either
           Case
           ;
           neither
           in
           an
           Innocent
           Person
           's
           suffering
           for
           the
           benefit
           of
           an
           Offender
           ,
           nor
           in
           his
           stead
           ;
           supposing
           the
           Suffering
           to
           be
           voluntary
           :
           But
           they
           have
           equally
           the
           same
           appearance
           of
           Injustice
           and
           Cruelty
           :
           Nor
           can
           I
           possibly
           discern
           any
           reason
           why
           Injustice
           and
           Cruelty
           should
           be
           objected
           in
           the
           one
           Case
           more
           than
           in
           the
           other
           ,
           there
           being
           every
           whit
           as
           little
           reason
           why
           an
           
             Innocent
             Person
          
           should
           suffer
           for
           the
           benefit
           of
           a
           Criminal
           ,
           as
           why
           he
           should
           suffer
           in
           his
           stead
           .
           So
           that
           I
           
           hope
           this
           Objection
           ,
           which
           above
           all
           the
           rest
           hath
           been
           so
           loudly
           and
           so
           invidiously
           urged
           ,
           hath
           received
           a
           just
           Answer
           .
        
         
           And
           I
           believe
           ,
           if
           the
           matter
           were
           searched
           to
           the
           bottom
           ,
           all
           this
           perverse
           contention
           ,
           about
           our
           Saviour's
           suffering
           for
           our
           benefit
           but
           not
           in
           our
           stead
           ,
           will
           signify
           just
           nothing
           .
           For
           if
           Christ
           dyed
           for
           our
           benefit
           so
           as
           some
           way
           or
           other
           ,
           by
           vertue
           of
           his
           Death
           and
           Sufferings
           ,
           to
           save
           us
           from
           the
           wrath
           of
           God
           and
           to
           procure
           our
           escape
           from
           eternal
           Death
           ,
           this
           ,
           for
           ought
           I
           know
           ,
           is
           all
           that
           any
           body
           means
           by
           his
           dying
           in
           our
           stead
           .
           For
           he
           that
           dies
           with
           an
           intention
           to
           do
           that
           benefit
           to
           another
           as
           to
           save
           him
           from
           Death
           ,
           doth
           certainly
           to
           all
           intents
           and
           purposes
           dye
           in
           his
           placea
           nd
           stead
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           they
           will
           grant
           this
           to
           be
           their
           meaning
           ,
           the
           Controversie
           is
           at
           an
           end
           ;
           and
           both
           sides
           are
           agreed
           in
           
           they
           will
           give
           up
           that
           which
           by
           their
           own
           confession
           is
           an
           
             undoubted
             Article
          
           of
           the
           
             Christian
             Faith
          
           and
           not
           controverted
           on
           either
           Side
           ;
           except
           only
           by
           the
           Socinians
           ,
           who
           yet
           are
           hearty
           Enemies
           to
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           and
           have
           exposed
           the
           absurdity
           of
           it
           with
           great
           advantage
           .
        
         
           But
           I
           shall
           endeavour
           to
           return
           a
           more
           particular
           Answer
           to
           this
           Objection
           ;
           and
           such
           a
           one
           as
           I
           hope
           will
           satisfy
           every
           considerate
           and
           unprejudiced
           mind
           ,
           that
           after
           all
           this
           confidence
           and
           swaggering
           of
           theirs
           there
           is
           by
           no
           means
           equal
           reason
           either
           for
           the
           receiving
           or
           for
           the
           rejecting
           of
           these
           
             two
             Doctrines
          
           of
           the
           Trinity
           and
           Transubstantiation
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           There
           is
           not
           equal
           reason
           for
           the
           belief
           of
           these
           
             Two
             Doctrines
          
           .
           This
           Objection
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           of
           any
           force
           ,
           must
           suppose
           that
           there
           is
           equal
           evidence
           and
           proof
           from
           Scripture
           for
           these
           
             two
             Doctrines
          
           :
           But
           this
           we
           utterly
           
           deny
           ,
           and
           with
           great
           reason
           ;
           because
           it
           is
           no
           more
           evident
           from
           the
           words
           of
           Scripture
           that
           the
           
             Sacramental
             Bread
          
           is
           substantially
           changed
           into
           
             Christ's
             natural
             Body
          
           by
           virtue
           of
           those
           words
           ,
           
             This
             is
             my
             Body
          
           ,
           than
           
           it
           is
           that
           Christ
           is
           substantially
           changed
           into
           a
           
             natural
             Vine
          
           by
           virtue
           of
           those
           words
           ,
           
             I
             am
             the
             true
             Vine
          
           ;
           or
           than
           that
           the
           Rock
           in
           the
           Wilderness
           ,
           of
           which
           the
           Israelites
           drank
           ,
           was
           substantially
           changed
           into
           the
           
             Person
             of
             Christ
          
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           expresly
           said
           ,
           
             That
             Rock
             was
             Christ
          
           ;
           or
           than
           that
           the
           
             Christian
             Church
          
           is
           substantially
           changed
           into
           the
           
             natural
             Body
          
           of
           Christ
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           in
           express
           terms
           said
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           That
           
             it
             is
             his
          
           
           Body
           .
        
         
           But
           besides
           this
           ,
           several
           of
           their
           own
           most
           learned
           Writers
           have
           freely
           acknowledged
           ,
           that
           Transubstantiation
           can
           neither
           be
           directly
           proved
           ,
           nor
           necessarily
           concluded
           from
           Scripture
           :
           
           But
           this
           the
           Writers
           of
           the
           
             Christian
             Church
          
           did
           never
           acknowledge
           concerning
           the
           Trinity
           ,
           and
           the
           Divinity
           of
           Christ
           ;
           but
           have
           always
           appealed
           to
           the
           clear
           and
           undeniable
           Testimonies
           of
           Scripture
           for
           the
           Proof
           of
           these
           Doctrines
           .
           And
           then
           the
           whole
           force
           of
           the
           Objection
           amounts
           to
           this
           ,
           that
           if
           I
           am
           bound
           to
           believe
           what
           I
           am
           sure
           God
           says
           ,
           tho
           I
           cannot
           comprehend
           it
           ;
           then
           I
           am
           bound
           by
           the
           same
           reason
           to
           believe
           the
           greatest
           Absurdity
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           though
           I
           have
           no
           manner
           of
           assurance
           of
           any
           
             Divine
             Revelation
          
           concerning
           it
           .
           And
           if
           this
           be
           their
           meaning
           ,
           though
           we
           understand
           not
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           yet
           we
           very
           well
           understand
           what
           they
           would
           have
           ,
           but
           cannot
           grant
           it
           ;
           because
           there
           is
           not
           equal
           reason
           to
           believe
           two
           things
           ,
           for
           one
           of
           which
           there
           is
           good
           proof
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           other
           no
           proof
           at
           all
           .
        
         
         
           Secondly
           ,
           neither
           is
           there
           equal
           reason
           for
           the
           rejecting
           of
           these
           
             two
             Doctrines
          
           .
           This
           the
           Objection
           supposes
           ,
           which
           yet
           cannot
           be
           supposed
           but
           upon
           one
           or
           both
           of
           these
           two
           grounds
           :
           Either
           because
           these
           two
           Doctrines
           are
           equally
           incomprehensible
           ,
           or
           because
           they
           are
           equally
           loaded
           with
           Absurdities
           and
           Contradictions
           .
        
         
           The
           First
           is
           no
           good
           ground
           of
           rejecting
           any
           Doctrine
           ,
           merely
           because
           it
           is
           incomprehensible
           ;
           as
           I
           have
           abundantly
           shew'd
           already
           .
           But
           besides
           this
           ,
           there
           is
           a
           wide
           difference
           between
           plain
           matters
           of
           Sense
           ,
           and
           Mysteries
           concerning
           God
           ;
           and
           it
           does
           by
           no
           means
           follow
           that
           ,
           if
           a
           man
           do
           once
           admit
           any
           thing
           concerning
           God
           which
           he
           cannot
           comprehend
           ,
           he
           hath
           no
           reason
           afterwards
           to
           believe
           what
           he
           himself
           sees
           .
           This
           is
           a
           most
           unreasonable
           and
           destructive
           way
           of
           arguing
           ,
           because
           
           it
           strikes
           at
           the
           foundation
           of
           all
           Certainty
           ,
           and
           sets
           every
           man
           at
           liberty
           to
           deny
           the
           most
           plain
           and
           evident
           Truths
           of
           Christianity
           ,
           if
           he
           may
           not
           be
           humor'd
           in
           having
           the
           absurdest
           things
           in
           the
           World
           admitted
           for
           true
           .
           The
           next
           step
           will
           be
           to
           persuade
           us
           that
           we
           may
           as
           well
           deny
           the
           Being
           of
           God
           because
           his
           Nature
           is
           incomprehensible
           by
           our
           Reason
           ,
           as
           deny
           Transubstantiation
           because
           
             it
             evidently
             contradicts
          
           our
           Senses
           .
        
         
           2
           dly
           .
           Nor
           are
           these
           
             two
             Doctrines
          
           loaded
           with
           the
           like
           Absurdities
           and
           Contradictions
           :
           So
           far
           from
           this
           ,
           that
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Trinity
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           delivered
           in
           the
           Scriptures
           ,
           and
           hath
           already
           been
           explained
           ,
           hath
           no
           Absurdity
           or
           Contradiction
           either
           involved
           in
           it
           ,
           or
           necessarily
           consequent
           upon
           it
           :
           But
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Transubstantiation
           is
           big
           with
           all
           imaginable
           Absurdity
           and
           
           Contradiction
           .
           And
           their
           own
           Schoolmen
           have
           sufficiently
           exposed
           it
           ;
           especially
           Scotus
           ,
           and
           he
           designed
           to
           do
           so
           ,
           as
           any
           man
           that
           attentively
           reads
           him
           may
           plainly
           discover
           :
           For
           in
           his
           Disputation
           about
           it
           he
           treats
           this
           Doctrine
           with
           the
           greatest
           contempt
           ,
           as
           a
           new
           Invention
           of
           the
           Council
           of
           Lateran
           under
           Pope
           Innocent
           III.
           To
           the
           Decree
           of
           which
           Council
           concerning
           it
           he
           seems
           to
           pay
           a
           formal
           submission
           ,
           but
           really
           derides
           it
           as
           contrary
           to
           the
           common
           Sense
           and
           Reason
           of
           Mankind
           ,
           and
           not
           at
           all
           supported
           by
           Scripture
           ;
           as
           any
           one
           may
           easily
           discern
           that
           will
           carefully
           consider
           his
           manner
           of
           handling
           it
           and
           the
           result
           of
           his
           whole
           Disputation
           about
           it
           .
        
         
           And
           now
           Suppose
           there
           were
           some
           appearance
           of
           Absurdity
           and
           Contradiction
           in
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Trinity
           as
           it
           is
           delivered
           in
           Scripture
           ,
           must
           we
           therefore
           believe
           a
           Doctrine
           
           which
           is
           not
           at
           all
           revealed
           in
           Scripture
           ,
           and
           which
           hath
           certainly
           in
           it
           all
           the
           absurdities
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Contradictions
           to
           Sense
           and
           Reason
           ;
           and
           which
           once
           admitted
           ,
           doth
           at
           once
           destroy
           all
           Certainty
           ,
           Yes
           ,
           say
           they
           ,
           why
           not
           ?
           since
           we
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           are
           satisfied
           that
           this
           Doctrine
           is
           revealed
           in
           Scripture
           ;
           or
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           not
           ,
           is
           defined
           by
           the
           Church
           ,
           which
           is
           every
           whit
           as
           good
           .
           But
           is
           this
           equal
           ,
           to
           demand
           of
           us
           the
           belief
           of
           a
           thing
           which
           hath
           always
           been
           controverted
           ,
           not
           only
           between
           us
           and
           them
           ,
           but
           even
           among
           themselves
           ,
           at
           least
           till
           the
           Council
           of
           Trent
           ?
           And
           this
           upon
           such
           unreasonable
           terms
           ,
           that
           we
           must
           either
           yield
           this
           Point
           to
           them
           or
           else
           renounce
           a
           Doctrine
           agreed
           on
           both
           Sides
           to
           be
           revealed
           in
           Scripture
           .
        
         
         
           To
           shew
           the
           unreasonableness
           of
           this
           proceeding
           ,
           Let
           us
           suppose
           a
           Priest
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           pressing
           a
           Jew
           or
           Turk
           to
           the
           belief
           of
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           and
           because
           one
           kindness
           deserves
           another
           ,
           the
           Jew
           or
           Turk
           should
           demand
           of
           him
           the
           belief
           of
           all
           the
           Fables
           in
           the
           Talmud
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           Alchoran
           ;
           since
           none
           of
           these
           ,
           nor
           indeed
           all
           of
           them
           together
           ,
           are
           near
           so
           absurd
           as
           Transubstantiation
           :
           Would
           not
           this
           be
           much
           more
           reasonable
           and
           equal
           than
           what
           they
           demand
           of
           us
           ?
           Since
           no
           Absurdity
           ,
           how
           monstrous
           and
           big
           soever
           ,
           can
           be
           thought
           of
           ,
           which
           may
           not
           enter
           into
           an
           Understanding
           in
           which
           a
           Breach
           hath
           been
           already
           made
           wide
           enough
           to
           admit
           Transubstantiation
           .
           The
           Priests
           of
           Baal
           did
           not
           half
           so
           much
           deserve
           to
           be
           exposed
           by
           the
           Prophet
           for
           their
           Superstition
           and
           folly
           ,
           as
           the
           Priests
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           do
           
           for
           this
           sensless
           and
           stupid
           Doctrine
           of
           theirs
           with
           a
           
             hard
             Name
          
           .
           I
           shall
           only
           add
           this
           one
           thing
           more
           ,
           That
           if
           this
           Doctrine
           were
           possible
           to
           be
           true
           ,
           and
           clearly
           prov'd
           to
           be
           so
           ;
           yet
           it
           would
           be
           evidently
           useless
           and
           to
           no
           purpose
           .
           For
           it
           pretends
           to
           change
           the
           substance
           of
           one
           thing
           into
           the
           substance
           of
           another
           thing
           that
           is
           already
           and
           before
           this
           change
           is
           pretended
           to
           be
           made
           .
           But
           to
           what
           purpose
           ?
           Not
           to
           make
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           ,
           for
           that
           was
           already
           in
           Being
           ;
           and
           the
           Substance
           of
           the
           Bread
           is
           lost
           ,
           nothing
           of
           it
           remaineth
           but
           the
           Accidents
           which
           are
           good
           for
           nothing
           ,
           and
           indeed
           are
           nothing
           when
           the
           Substance
           is
           destroy'd
           and
           gone
           .
        
         
           
             All
             that
             now
             remains
             is
             to
             make
             some
          
           practical
           Inferences
           
             from
             this
          
           Doctrine
           
             of
             the
          
           Unity
           
             of
             the
          
           Divine
           Nature
           .
           
             And
             they
             shall
             be
             the
             same
          
           
           
             which
             God
             himself
             makes
             by
          
           Moses
           ,
           
           which
           Text
           
             also
             is
             cited
             by
             our
          
           Saviour
           ,
           Hear
           ,
           O
           Israel
           ,
           the
           Lord
           thy
           God
           is
           one
           Lord
           ;
           and
           thou
           shalt
           love
           the
           Lord
           thy
           God
           with
           all
           thine
           heart
           ,
           and
           with
           all
           thy
           soul
           ,
           and
           with
           all
           thy
           mind
           ,
           and
           with
           all
           thy
           strength
           :
           And
           thou
           shalt
           love
           thy
           neighbour
           as
           thy self
           .
           
             So
             that
             according
             to
             our
          
           Saviour
           
             the
             whole
             Duty
             of
             Man
             ,
             the
          
           love
           of
           God
           and
           of
           our
           neighbour
           
             is
             founded
             in
             the
          
           Unity
           
             of
             the
             Divine
          
           Nature
           .
        
         
           I.
           The
           
             love
             of
             God
             ;
             The
             Lord
             thy
             God
             is
             One
             Lord
             ,
          
           therefore
           
             thou
             shalt
             love
             Him
             with
             all
             thy
             heart
             ,
             &c.
             this
             is
             the
             first
             and
             great
             Commandment
             :
          
           And
           it
           comprehends
           in
           it
           all
           the
           Duties
           of
           the
           
             first
             Table
          
           as
           naturally
           flowing
           from
           it
           .
           As
           that
           we
           should
           
             serve
             him
             only
          
           ,
           and
           pay
           no
           
             Religious
             Worship
          
           to
           any
           but
           to
           Him.
           For
           to
           pay
           
             Religious
             Worship
          
           to
           any
           thing
           is
           to
           make
           it
           
             a
             God
          
           and
           to
           acknowledge
           it
           for
           
           such
           :
           And
           therefore
           God
           being
           but
           One
           we
           can
           give
           
             Religious
             Worship
          
           to
           none
           but
           to
           Him
           only
           .
           And
           among
           all
           the
           parts
           of
           
             Religious
             Worship
          
           none
           is
           more
           peculiarly
           appropriated
           to
           the
           Deity
           than
           
             solemn
             Invocation
          
           and
           Prayer
           .
           For
           he
           to
           whom
           men
           address
           their
           Requests
           ,
           at
           all
           times
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           places
           ,
           must
           be
           supposed
           to
           be
           always
           every
           where
           present
           ,
           to
           understand
           all
           our
           desires
           and
           wants
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           able
           to
           supply
           them
           ;
           and
           this
           God
           only
           is
           ,
           and
           can
           do
           .
        
         
           So
           likewise
           from
           the
           Unity
           of
           the
           
             Divine
             Nature
          
           may
           be
           inferr'd
           ,
           that
           we
           should
           not
           worship
           God
           by
           any
           
             sensible
             Image
          
           or
           Representation
           :
           Because
           God
           being
           a
           
             singular
             Being
          
           there
           is
           nothing
           like
           Him
           ,
           or
           that
           can
           without
           injuring
           and
           debasing
           his
           most
           spiritual
           and
           perfect
           and
           
             immense
             Being
          
           be
           compared
           to
           Him
           :
           As
           He
           himself
           speaks
           in
           the
           Prophet
           ,
           
           
           
             To
             whom
             will
             ye
             liken
             me
             ,
             saith
             the
             Lord
             ,
             and
             make
             me
             equal
             ?
          
           And
           therefore
           with
           no
           Distinction
           whatsoever
           can
           it
           be
           lawful
           to
           give
           
             Religious
             Worship
          
           ,
           or
           any
           part
           of
           it
           ,
           to
           any
           but
           God
           :
           We
           can
           pray
           to
           none
           but
           to
           Him
           ,
           because
           
             He
             only
          
           is
           every
           
           where
           present
           ,
           and
           
             only
             knows
             the
             Hearts
             of
             all
             the
             children
             of
             men
          
           ;
           which
           Solomon
           gives
           as
           the
           reason
           why
           we
           should
           address
           our
           Supplications
           to
           God
           only
           ,
           
             who
             dwelleth
             in
             the
             Heavens
          
           .
        
         
           So
           that
           the
           Reason
           of
           these
           
             two
             Precepts
          
           is
           founded
           in
           the
           Unity
           and
           Singularity
           of
           the
           
             Divine
             Nature
          
           ,
           and
           unless
           there
           be
           more
           Gods
           than
           One
           ,
           we
           must
           
             worship
             Him
             only
          
           ,
           and
           pray
           to
           none
           but
           Him
           :
           Because
           we
           can
           give
           Invocation
           to
           none
           but
           to
           
             Him
             only
          
           whom
           we
           believe
           to
           be
           God
           ;
           as
           
           St.
           Paul
           reasons
           ,
           
             How
             shall
             they
             call
             on
             Him
             in
             whom
             they
             have
             not
             believed
             ?
          
        
         
         
           II.
           The
           love
           likewise
           of
           our
           Neighbour
           is
           founded
           in
           the
           Unity
           of
           the
           
             Divine
             Nature
          
           ,
           and
           may
           be
           inferr'd
           from
           it
           :
           
             Hear
             ,
             O
             Israel
             ,
             the
             Lord
             thy
             God
             is
             One
             Lord
             ,
             therefore
             thou
             shalt
             love
             thy
             Neighbour
             as
             thy self
             .
          
           And
           the
           Apostle
           gives
           this
           reason
           why
           Christians
           should
           be
           at
           unity
           among
           themselves
           ;
           
             There
             is
             One
             God
             and
             Father
          
           
           
             of
             all
          
           ,
           and
           therefore
           we
           should
           
             keep
             the
             unity
             of
             the
             Spirit
             in
             the
             bond
             of
             Peace
             ,
          
           that
           is
           ,
           live
           in
           mutual
           love
           and
           peace
           .
           The
           Prophet
           likewise
           assigns
           this
           reason
           why
           all
           Mankind
           should
           be
           upon
           good
           terms
           with
           one
           another
           ,
           and
           not
           be
           injurious
           one
           to
           another
           ,
           
             Have
             we
             not
             all
             One
             Father
             ?
          
           
           
             hath
             not
             One
             God
             created
             us
             ?
             Why
             do
             we
             then
             deal
             treacherously
             every
             man
             against
             his
             brother
             .
          
        
         
           And
           therefore
           when
           we
           see
           such
           hatred
           and
           enmity
           among
           Men
           ,
           such
           divisions
           and
           animosities
           among
           Christians
           ,
           we
           may
           not
           only
           ask
           
           St.
           
           Paul's
           question
           ,
           
             Is
             Christ
             divided
          
           ?
           that
           we
           cannot
           agree
           about
           serving
           him
           ;
           either
           all
           to
           serve
           him
           in
           one
           way
           ,
           or
           to
           bear
           with
           one
           another
           in
           our
           differences
           :
           I
           say
           we
           may
           not
           only
           ask
           St.
           
           Paul's
           question
           ,
           
             Is
             Christ
             divided
          
           ?
           but
           may
           ask
           further
           ,
           
             Is
             God
             divided
          
           ?
           Is
           there
           not
           One
           God
           ,
           and
           are
           we
           not
           all
           his
           Offspring
           ?
           Are
           we
           not
           all
           the
           Sons
           of
           
             Adam
             ,
             who
             was
             the
             Son
             of
             God
             ?
          
           So
           that
           if
           we
           trace
           our selves
           to
           our
           Original
           ,
           we
           shall
           find
           a
           great
           nearness
           and
           equality
           among
           men
           :
           And
           this
           equality
           that
           we
           are
           all
           God's
           creatures
           and
           Image
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           
             One
             only
             God
          
           is
           the
           
             Father
             of
             us
             all
          
           ,
           is
           a
           more
           real
           ground
           of
           mutual
           love
           ,
           and
           peace
           ,
           and
           equity
           in
           our
           dealings
           one
           with
           another
           ,
           than
           any
           of
           those
           petty
           differences
           and
           distinctions
           of
           strong
           and
           weak
           ,
           of
           rich
           and
           poor
           ,
           of
           wise
           and
           foolish
           ,
           of
           base
           and
           honourable
           ,
           can
           be
           to
           encourage
           men
           to
           any
           thing
           of
           insolence
           ,
           
           injustice
           ,
           and
           
             inequality
             of
             dealing
          
           one
           towards
           another
           .
           Because
           that
           wherein
           we
           all
           agree
           ,
           that
           we
           are
           the
           Creatures
           and
           
             Children
             of
             God
          
           and
           have
           all
           One
           common
           Father
           ,
           is
           essential
           and
           constant
           ;
           but
           those
           things
           wherein
           we
           differ
           are
           accidental
           and
           mutable
           ,
           and
           happen
           to
           one
           another
           by
           turns
           .
        
         
           Thus
           much
           may
           suffice
           to
           have
           spoken
           concerning
           the
           
             first
             Proposition
          
           in
           the
           
             Text
             ,
             There
             is
             one
             God
             :
          
           To
           
             Him
             ,
             Father
             ,
             Son
          
           ,
           and
           
             H.
             Ghost
          
           be
           all
           Honour
           and
           Glory
           ,
           Dominion
           and
           Power
           ,
           now
           and
           for
           ever
           .
        
         
           Amen
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A94360-e50
           
             John
             3.
             16.
             
          
           
             Heb.
             4.
             15.
             
          
           
             Joh.
             8.
             29.
             
          
           
             1
             Pet.
             2.
             22.
             
          
           
             Heb.
             7.
             26
             ,
             27.
             
          
           
             Heb.
             9.
             14.
             
          
           
             1
             Pet.
             1.
             18
             ,
             19.
             
          
           
             2
             Cor.
             5.
             21.
             
          
           
             Eph.
             5.
             10.
             
          
           
             1
             Pet.
             1.
             18.
             
          
           
             Joh.
             15.
             12.
             
          
           
             V.
             13.
             
          
           
             Rom.
             6.
             6
             ,
             7
             ,
             8.
             
          
           
             1
             Cor.
             5.
             7.
             
          
           
             Lev.
             1.
             4.
             
          
           
             Heb.
             9.
             28.
             
          
           
             v.
             28.
             
          
           
             Joh.
             15.
             1.
             
          
           
             Eph.
             1.
             23.
             
          
           
             Deut.
             6.
             4.
             
             Mark.
             12.
             29.
             30
             ,
             31.
             
          
           
             Isa
             .
             46.
             5.
             
          
           
             1
             Kings
             8.
             39.
             
          
           
             Rom.
             10.
             14.
             
          
           
             Eph.
             4.
             6.
             
          
           
             Mal.
             2.
             10.