Cicero against Catiline, in IV invective orations containing the whole manner of discovering that notorious conspiracy / done into English by Christopher Wase. In Catilinam. English Cicero, Marcus Tullius. 1671 Approx. 144 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 80 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2003-01 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A33148 Wing C4287 ESTC R6476 12379562 ocm 12379562 60700 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A33148) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 60700) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 655:4) Cicero against Catiline, in IV invective orations containing the whole manner of discovering that notorious conspiracy / done into English by Christopher Wase. In Catilinam. English Cicero, Marcus Tullius. Wase, Christopher, 1625?-1690. [8], 150 p. Printed by T.N. for Samuel Lowndes ..., London : 1671. Translation of In Catilinam. Reproduction of original in Huntington Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Speeches, addresses, etc., Latin. 2002-04 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2002-05 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2002-06 Mona Logarbo Sampled and proofread 2002-06 Mona Logarbo Text and markup reviewed and edited 2002-07 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion CICERO AGAINST Catiline , IN IV. Invective Orations . Containing the whole manner of discovering that Notorious CONSPIRACY . Done into English By CHRISTOPHER WASE . Id. Cic. — Concedat Laurea Lingua . Plin. lib. 7. cap. 3. in fine . Salve primus omnium Parens Patriae appellate , primus in toga triumphum , linguaeque auream morite , & facundiae Latiarumque literarum Parens ; atque ( ut Dictator Caesar hostis quondam tuas de se scripsit ) omnium triumphorum lauream adepte majorem , quanto plus est ingenii Romani termi●●s in tantum promovisse , quam imperii . LONDON , Printed by T. N. for Samuel Lowndes over against Exeter House in the Strand . 1671. To the Worshipful JOSEPH WILLIAMSON Esquire , Secretary to the Right Honourable the Lord ARLINGTON ( Principal Secretary of State ) Keeper of His Majesties Papers of State , and a Member of the Honourable House of Commons in Parliament . SIR , THis small Essay does in Justice and Gratitude address it self to your Hands , being the Product of a few Spare-hours while I was conversant about some Occasions of yours , which time you were pleas●d to express that you put to your Account , while employ'd to my own Benefit . Of what prodigious Parts this Author was , and indefatigable industry , how grave a Senator , how profound a Politician , how uncorrupt a Magistrate , it needs not that I tell you ; nor whether as Tully is worthily accounted the Chief of Orators , so these Consular Invectives may not be esteem'd the very Flower of all his Orations . My part is , because I am conscious how hardly those advantages can be discern'd through a gross and cloudy Translation , to find out a Competent Judge of such Labours , and a favourable Advocate to excuse the insuperable defects in rendring Languages each by other , which are often inadaequate , and in signification , credit , phrase , variety , incommensurable one with the other . Spirits that are most delicious , we find to be most vo●atile , and hardly ●ndure the transpor●●ation . Paterns may be with less di●●i●ulty match'd for the Cloth than the Colour . Tully however cannot be so rudely handled , but an artificial Method , strong Arguments , and divers Figures both of Words and Sentence will discover a sound Constitution . The Change of Customs , Different Laws and Humors may somewhat darken the Complexion : Yet my hope is through all will be discern'd Tully . But why do I flatter my self to think that you can find leasure from publick and weighty Business to arbitrate in these Scholastick and lighter Speculations ? Therefore having first begg'd that your prudent and painful endeavours may be still successful and accepted to the acquiring new Talents , which you so faithfully improve ; and for my sel● requesting to hold such place in your esteems , as a mind ever-studious to be truly thankful , may render me capable of , I take leave to remain SIR , Your humble Servant and Honorer CHR. WASE . Some Ancient Testimonies concerning these Orations . Cic. in Orat. de se-ipso . A nobis homo audicissimus Catilina in Senat●s accusatus obmutuit . Sal in Conj . Cat. Tum M. Tullius Consul , sive preasentiam ejus timens , sive i●i commotus orationem habuit luculent●m atque utilem Reip. quam postea scriptam edidit . C. Velleius Patercul . l. 2.34 . Catilina metu consularis imperii urbe pulsus est Plin. l. 7. c. 30. Sed quo te M. Tulli piaculo taceam ? — Tuum Catilina fugit ingenium . Quintil. lib. 2. c. 17. Annon divina M. Tullii Ciceronis eloquentia — Catilinae fregit audaciam ? Mart. Dixerat O Mores , O Tempora Tulius olim Sacrilegum struere cùm Catilina nefas . The Contents of the Four ensu●ing Orations , wherein th● Consul I. Adviseth Catiline , then present in the Senate , to forbear the Town . II. Encourages the People , by extenuating the Forces of the Rebel , and reclaiming the secret Complices . III. Reports to the People the particulars of the discovery of the Plot , with the Arraignment and Conviction of the Conspirators at the Bar of the House . IV. Puts it to the Question , What is the Houses pleasure concerning the Priso●ers . The First ORATION Against CATILINE , made in the SENATE . The Argument In the year after the Founding of Rome DC , Lucius Sergius Catilina , a Nobleman of Rome , of excellent Endowments both of Body and Mind , but deprav'd through ill habits ; having been train'd up under the Vsurper Sulla , and through his whole time practis'd in Acts of great Licentiousness , stood with many other Competitors for the Consulship ; but was accused of Corruption and miss'd it , Marcus Tullius Cicero and Caius Antonius being chosen : Whereupon he entred into a dangerous Conspiracy of raising a Civil War , cutting off the Principal of the Senate , and Firing the City . On the VI. and VII . of November in the Nights were held secret Councils with the chief Conspirators , at the House of one M. Lecca a Roman Senator , where , among other particulars concluded for the carrying on the Design , two Knights then present , undertook early that Morning , under colour of a Visit , to kill Tully in his Bed : But he was immediately advis'd of this imminent danger from Q. Curius a false Brother , by Fulvia , and that attempt frustrated . The same day , being the VIII . of November , the Consul calls a Senate in the Temple of Jupiter Stator , within the Tower of Rome ; where met also Catiline , either to palliate the matter , or purge himself . Vpon sight of whom , Cicero being stirr'd betwixt Fear and Anger , stood up , and thus bespoke him : 1. HOw long , Catiline , will you abuse our pa●ience ? How long shall that fury of yours hector down even us too ? To what bound shall your unbridled Audaciousness fly out ? Has the Night-Guard of the Palace nothing daunted you ? Nothing the Watches about the City ? Nothing the Fears and Jealousies of the People ? Nothing the Concourse of all the honest able Men ? Nothing the holding the Senate in this place of strength ? Do the looks and faces of all these in presence nothing at all dash you ? Are not you aware that all your Plots are discovered ? Are not you advised , that your Conspiracy is palpably known to all here ? What you resolved upon last Night , what the Night before , where you were , who were in your Iuncta , of what Debates passed between you , who of us do you think is not fully informed ? 2. Oh what times ! what a world do we live in ! All this the Senate understands , the Consul sees , yet this fellow lives , lives I , and comes into the House , is present at the Publick Council ; marks with his eyes and designs each one of us for slaughter : Mean-while We , Couragious Men , think we have discharged our duty to the State , if we can shift his weapons and fury . Long since , Catiline , thou should'st have been led by the Consuls Order to Execu●ion ; upon thine own head should have been turn'd that destruction which thou hast been so long contriving against all of us . 3. Could that most honourable Person (a) Pub. Scipio , The High Priest , being then a private man , ●lay Tib. Gracchus , when he did but lightly shake the State of the Government : And shall We , Consuls , tamely endure Catiline , striving to lay the World desolate with Fire and Sword ? To pass by those instances of an old date , that Quintus Servilius Ahala slew with his own hand (b) Spurius Melius , when he went about to alter the Government . There has , there has been in Times of Old , such Courage in the State , that Men of Valour have restrained a dangerous Citizen , with more severe punishment than the most violent Enemy . We have now too made against you , Catiline , a strict and grave Act of Senate . The State wants not advice , nor this House resolution . We , I must speak boldly , We Consuls , are wanting in the Execution . 4. The Senate once made an Order , That Lucius Opinius (c) the Consul should see that the safety of the Common-Wealth should not be molested . One Night did not pass over his head , but (d) Caius Gracchus , descended of a most Noble Father , Grandfathers , Ancestors , was slain upon some suspicion of Factiousness ; Marcus Fulvius , a Consular Person , was slain , and all his Children by a like Act of Senate . The security of the State was committed to C. Marius and L. Valerius the Consuls . Did the Government respite L. Saturninus , Tribune of the Commons , and Ca. Servilius Praetor , one day from punishment ? But We now have left the edge of Authority to grow blunt these twenty dayes ; for we have a like Act of Senate , but shut up in Tables , as a Sword lying in the Scabbard ; by which Act of Senate , Catiline , you should have been immediately executed . You live , and that not to abandon , but to fortifie your boldness . I desire , my Lords , to be merciful , I desire withal not to be thought careless in so imminent dangers of the Common-wealth . But now I begin to condemn my self of sloth and cowardliness . 5. There is a Leagure in Italy against the State , pitched at the Entrance into Tuscany , the number of the Enemy increases day by day ; but the Commander of that Leagure , and the General of those Enemies , we see within the Walls , nay , in the very Senate ; daily ploting some destruction against the State. If , Catiline , I should now order you to be apprehended , if , to be executed , I think I should have reason to fear , least all honest men , should rather say , this was done too late by me ; then that any should say it was too cruelly done : But for a certain reason I do forbear that , which long since should have been performed : Then will I take thee off , when as no one shall be found so impudent , so desperate , so like thy self , as not to confess it justly done . 6. As long as there shall be any one that dares justifie you , you shall live ; but so , as now you do , hemmed in by me with many and strong Guards , as not to be able to stir against the Common-wealth . Many Eyes , and Ears too , that you are a little aware of , as hither to they have , shall spy and watch your Actions . Catiline , What would you have more , if neither night can shrowd in its darkness your wicked Cabals ? Nor a private House within its walls , the words of your Conspiracy ? If all come to light , all break forth , change then that mind , be ruled by me , do not think of Slaughter and Burning , you have hands upon you on all sides ; all your Plots are as open as the day , which you may recollect with me . 7. Do you remember that I should say in the Senate on the One and twentieth of October , that , On a certain day would be in Arms ( which day was to be the 25 th of the same ) Caius Manlius , the Executioner and Instrument of your Treason . Catiline , was I mistaken , not onely in a thing , so great , so furious , so incredible ; but what is mch more strange , in the very day . I said in the House too , that , You had pitched the 28 th of the said Mon●th , ●or the assassinating of the Nobles ; 〈◊〉 what time many Principal Men ●f the State left the Town , not 〈◊〉 much for their own preservati●n , as to suppress your designs : Can you deny on that very day ●hat you was so penn'd up by my Guard and diligence , that you ●ould not stir to prejudice the ●tate ; when you said , though ●he rest were gone , The killing of ●s that remained , would serve your ●urn ? 8. What when as you were ●onfident you could surprise Prae●este by an assault in the night , on ●he very first of November ? Did ●ou observe that that Colony was ●y my Order secured with Guards ●f mine to watch and ward there ? You act , you plot , you think no●hing , but what I not onely hear ●f , but see too , and plainly per●eive . Recall to memory with me the other night , and you wi●● find , that I am much more inten●●ly vigilant , for the preservatio● than you for the destruction of th● State. I say , that the night b●●fore last , you came among th● Vine-dressers , I must speak plain● to the house of Marcus Lecca , tha● very many Abettors of your fu●● and treachery , had their meetin● there ; Dare you deny it ? Wh● do not you speak ? I will make 〈◊〉 appear , if you deny it ; for I se● (e) some here in the Senate tha● were there with you . 9. Immortal Gods ! wherea●bouts are we ? What a Govern●ment have we ? In what City d● we live ? In this , this very place are some , of our own House , m● Lords , of this most Venerabl● and Grave Council of all th● World , which project my ruin and all yours , together with th● destruction of this City and the Empire of the World. These ●ersons , I that am Consul , be●old , and take their Votes about ●he Government ; and those that ●hould have been cut off by the ●word , I do not yet wound with my word . You were then , Cat●●ine , at Lecca's house that night ; You divided Italy into Posts , you appointed every one which way it was concluded he should march ; you selected whom to leave at Rome , and whom to carry with your self ; you divided the several parts , at which the City was to be ●ired ; you gave assurance you would speedily leave the Town ; onely , you said , One petty business , that is , my being alive , stayed your Iourney . There were (f) two Roman Knights presently replied , They would remove that obstruction , and promi●sed they would that very night , a littl● before day kill me in my Bed. 10. I was in●o●med of all th●● full as soon as your Company w●● broke up , and secured and guarde● my house the better ; kept ou● those that you sent in the mornin● to give me a Visit , having befor● told several persons that such woul● come at the very same time . Whic● things being so , Catiline , hold o● the course you have begun , ge● you out of Town at length ; th● Gates are open ; take your Jour●ney . That Army of Manlius● does too long want you to head it carry out all your Complices wit● you , at least as many as may be● rid the City , you will deliver m● from much fear , so there be but ● Wall between you and me . You ca● no longer continue among Us , ● will not bear it , I will not suffer it● I will not endure it . 11. Great thanks be to the Immortal Gods , and particularly to Iupiter Stator , the most ancient Guardian of this City , that we have so often already escaped this so villainons , so dreadful , and so dangerous a plague to the State ; the safety of the Government must not any more be hazarded in one person . As long , Catiline , as you plotted against me , Consul Elected , I secured my self , not by any Publick Guard , but my private diligence . When as at the last Consular Election , you would have slain me the Consul and your other Competitors in the Field ; I dashed your wicked attempts , by the assistance and strength of my friends , without giving any alarm to the Publick : In a word , as often as you struck at me , I opposed you by mine own interest ; although I saw , that my destruction was inseparable from the great affliction of the State. 12. But now with open face , you strike at the whole State , you bid ruin and desolation to the Temples of the Immortal Gods , to the Buildings of the City , to the l●fe of all the Citizens : In summe , to all Italy . Whe●efore , since I dare not execute that which were principally to be done , and is proper to this Empire , and the severity of our Ancestors , I will do that which is more gentle , as to censure ; more useful , as to the publick safety . For if I should order you to be slain , the relicks of your Complices would still stick in the Common-wealth : But if you , which I frequently advise you to , shall march off , a great and dangerous sink in the State , of your Comrades , shall be drained out . 13. What 's the matter , Catiline ? Do you make any question to do that at my Order , which you were before a doing of your own accord ? The Consul commands an Enemy to go out of Town , Do you ask , Whether to Banishment ? I do not command you . But if you ask my Counsel , I advise you ; For what is there , Catiline , which can any longer be pleasing to you in the City ? wherein there is none , bating that Gang of desperate Conspirators , but fears you ; none but hates you . (g) What mark of domestical baseness has not been branded upon your life ? What private disgrace does not asperse your Name ? Have your Eyes ever been refrain'd from any lust ? your Hands from any attempt , or any villany from your whole body ? What young man is there by your pleasures inveagled , whom you have not furnished , either with a weapon to boldness or with an in●enrive to lust ? 14. For example , newly (h) when by the death of your former Wife , you had made house room for a second match , did you not by that villany add another incredible villany ? which I pass by , and am well content should be wrapt up in ●ilence , least such an inhumane act should have been thought to have had being , or not to have been avenged under this Government . I pass by the decay of your Estate , all which you will find to hang over your head next Quarter-day . I come to those points , which do not concern the private reproach of your Vices , nor the necessitousness and baseness of your Family ; but do more nearly relate unto the well-being of the State , and the life and safety of us all . 15. Can it be delighful to you , Catiline , to behold the light o● this world , and to draw the breath of this air , when as you know , there is none of these present , that is not informed that (i) the day before New-years-day , Lepidus and Tullus being Consuls , you (k) wore Arms in the Assembly , that you had got a Crew together to kill the Consuls and Nobles ; that no good meaning of yours , nor yet fear , but the fortune of the Common-wealth , hindred your treason and rage : But I pass by those things , as neither obscure , nor long since committed . How often would you have killed me , when designed , how often since entred , upon the Consulship ? How many passes of yours , so made , that they seemed unavoidable , have I put by by a slight turn , and as the word is , with the motion of my body ? You plot , you pursue , you contrive nothing , but I have timely notice of it ; and yet for all that , you will never give over working and designing . 16. How many , many times already has that Dagger been wrung out of your hands ? How often by some casualty dropt and slipt down ? yet you cannot for your life be without it , which Dagger , under what Vow and Consecration it is , I know not , that you should have such a superstition , that it must needs be stuck up for a Monument in the Consuls heart . But now , what life do you lead ? for I will so deal with you , not as though I were moved with anger , as I have reason , but wi●h compassion , as you have no reason to expect . You came even now into the Senate , did any one of this great Company of so many friends and acquaintance of yours , do you any reverence ? If such a thing as this never happened to any in the memory of man , do you wait for them to speak out their indignation , when you are already cast by the grand consent of their silence ? Nay at your coming in , great room was made for you ; farther , ●ll the Consular Persons , who had been oftentimes designed by you for slaughter , so soon as you sate down , sate them farther from you , leaving that part of the Seats bare and empty . 17. How do you think that is to be taken by you ? Truly if my Servants were in such fear of me , as your Fellow Citizens stand in dread of you , I should think fit to quit my House : Do not you so think it fit to quit the Town ? And if I saw my self under so great suspicion and displeasure of my Countreymen , though unjustly , I would rather with-draw my self out of their sight , than be under their continual frowns . And do you , when your Conscience must tell you , that you have incurred the just and long deserved hatred of all , make any scruple to avoid their sight and presence , whose very souls and hearts you break ? Suppose your Parents were afraid of , and fallen out with you , and you could by no means recover their favour , I conceive you would retire some whither out of their sight . Now your Countrey , which is the common Parent of us all , hates and fears you , and judges of you , that for this great while , you unnaturally contrive nothing but treason against her . Will you neither reverence her Authority ? nor be guided by her Direction ? nor stand in fear of her Power ? 18. Which , Catiline , thus addresses to you , and in a manner , thus silently be-speaks you ; There has been no violence for these many years past , but by your abettment ; no lewdn●ss but by your contrivance ; you are the onely man , that have carried away free and unpunished the murders (l) of many Citizens ; you , (m) the vexation and plundering of the Allies ; you have not been onely so great as to slight the Laws and Iudgements , but also to pervert and break through them . Your former Actions , although not to be born with , yet I digested as well as I could : but now , that I should be all over in a fright for your onely sake ; that at the least stir Catiline should be suspected : no Plot can be thought to be laid against me , but through your Treachery , is intollerable : Wherefore with draw and rid me of this terror ; if true , to prevent my destruction ; if false , to remove at length my fears . 19. If your Countrey should thus address to you , ought she not to obtain it ; although she could not force you ? Nay further , you have offered your self into custody ; nay , you said , To clear you of all suspicion , you would go dwell with Marcus Lepidus ; who not entertaining you , you had the confidence to come to me , and desired that , I would secure you in my house . When you had from me too this Answer , that , I could by no means be safe with you under the same roof , that am in great danger , whilest we are within the same Ci●y Wall. You came to Q. Metellus the Praetor , by whom , when you were rejected , you took up your Lodging at your own Comrades , honest Marcus Marcellus : Him in good time you took , as one very careful to watch you , and very acute to discover you , and very couragious to punish you . But how far may he be thought from Goal and Irons , who judges himself worthy of Restraint ? 20. Which things being so , Catiline , do you make any scruple , if you cannot be contented to die here , to go into some foreign place ? and to commit that life of yours , conveyed away from many due and well dese●ved punishments , to Exile and Obscurity ? Move it , say you , in the house , for that is your request ; and if the Senate shall vote , you must be banished , you say , you will submit . I will not move it , which is a thing goes much against my disposition ; and yet I will so order the matter , that you may so understand the sense of the House concerning you . Catiline , Go out of the Town , put the State out of fear , go your way into Banishment , since you look for that word . What is the matter , Catiline ? Do you mind ? Do you observe the silence of all present ? They are contracted , they are still . What , do you expect they should speak and give Order , whose meaning you will know by their silence ? 21. But if I had said the same thing , to this worthy young Man , P. Sextius , if as much to Ma. Marcellus , a Person of great Valour , the Senate would immediately have laid violent hands , with all the reason in the world , upon me , that am now Consul , in this very Sanctuary , where we are : But for you , Catiline , being they are quiet , they give their consent ; being they are contented , they vote it : being silent , they proclaim it . Nor onely the Senators , whose Authority it seems is with you very dear , their lives cheap ; but also those Roman Knights , Men of great honour and worth , and other valiant Citizens , which attend at the Senate , whose number you might see , and perceive their affections , and even now plainly hear their very words ; whose hands and weapons for this good while , I have had much ado to keep off from you . I can easily prevail upon them , that if you leave these parts , which you are plotting to ru●n , they shall all wait upon you to the City Gates . 22. But wherefore , do I talk , Can any thing daunt you ? Can you ever be reformed ? That you should ever think of with-drawing ? Intend to leave the Town ? Would the Immortal Gods would give you such a frame of heart● Although I fore-see , if you upon the terror of these words , should take up a Resolution to go to Banishment , what a storm of Envy would hang over us ? Though not so much at the present , whilest the memory of your villanies is fresh , but in after times . But I stand not much upon that , so the Calamity might be your own in parti●ular , and severed from the dangers of the State. But that you should be sensible of your own Vices , or fear the Penalties of the Laws , or comply with the necessity of the times , is a thing not to be expected : for , Catiline , you are none of those that either shame should keep you back from baseness , fear from hazard , or reason from rage . 23. Wherefore , as I have often said to you before , go your wayes , and if you have a mind , to procure me ill will , your Enemy , as you give out , go directly to Banishment . I shall hardly endure the censures of men , if you do so ; scarcely stand under the load of tha● Envy , if you should go into Banishment at the Consuls Order : But if you had ●ather be instrumental to my praise and glory , match out with your dangerous Crew of Tray●ors , go straitwayes to Manlius , stir up the discontented people , separate your ●elf from the well affected , make War upon your Countrey , triumph in your unnatural robberies , that you may be thought not to have been cast out by me among strangers , but invited to your own . 24. But what need I invite you , who I know , have sent some to wait for you in Arms at Forum Aurelium . I know a day is pitched upon and agreed with Manlius , by whom I know too that Silver Eagle , which I trust will turn to the ruin and confusion of you and all yours ; which set in your House was the Chappel of all your Treasons ; is sent away . Can you want that Image , which you us'd to pray to , when you went out upon a Murder ; from whose Altars you often carry'd your polluted hand to the assassinating of Citizens ? Go your wayes at last , whither that unbridled and raging lust of yours has long time hurried you ; for this occasion does not bring you any grief , but a kind of incredible pleasure ; to such sottishness has nature bred , your will practis'd , and fortune guided you . You never longed for , I do not say , Peace , but any War , save such as is unnatural . You have got a party of lewd persons , not onely lost in their fortunes , but also in their hopes . Here , what complacence will you find ? What joy will you triumph in ? What pleasure will you rant in ? when amidst so great a number of followers , you will neither hear of an honest man , nor see one . Those labours of yours , that are so much cried up , have been trained to this course of life : Lying perdue , not onely to watch a Mistriss , but to take a Purse ; Watchfulness both over the sleep of married men , and the Estates of the murdered . You have now an opportunity to shew that you● brave hardiness in hunger , cold , and want of all things , wherewith you shall shortly find your self pinched . I gained so much , what time I put you from the Consulship , that you might rather in Banishment attempt , than in the supream Government effect , the ●in of the State● and that the thing , which was treasonably by you undertaken , might rather ●ear the Name of Rebellion , than War. 27. Now , My Lords , That I may remove , and deprecate from me , a kind of almost just Complaint of my Countrey , mark I beseech you , attentively what I shall say , and treasure it up faithfully in your minds and memories : For , if my Countrey , which is far deare● to me than my life ; if all Italy , if the whole Common-wealth should speak to me , Marcus Tu●ly , What do you mean ? Would you suffer him to go forth , that you know certainly to be a Rebel ; that you see will be the General of the War ; that you are sensible , is expected as Chief Captain in the Enemies Camp ; having been the Contriver of the Treason , the Chief of the Conspiracy , the Raiser of the Slaves and desperate Citizens : that he may be thought not so much let out , as set on the Town ? Will not you command him to be put in Irons , to be carried to Execution , to be punished with death ? 28. What I pray hinders ? Is it the old Custom ? Nay often in this State , Persons out of Commission have put dangerous Citizens to death : Or the Laws which have been made about the punishing free Citizens of Rome ? But never in this State have those , who revolted from the Government , preserved the Priviledges of Freemen . Do you fear the Envy of Posterity ? Now you fairly requite the People of Rome , who has exalted you , a Person known for your self onely● without any Commendation of your Ancestors , so early to the supream Magistracy , through all the degre●s of subordinate Offices ; if for envy or the fear of any danger , you neglect the safety of your Countreymen . But if there be any fear of Envy , is the Censure of Severity and Courage more greatly to be feared , than that of Baseness and Cowardise ? Do you not think , when Italy shall be made desolate with War , the Cities plundered , the Houses a-fire , you shall then fall under a flagrant Eny ? 29. To these most sacred words of the State , and the minds of those men , which are of the same judgment , I shall answer a word : Had I , my Lords , Judged it most expedient for Catiline to be put to death , I had not allowed that Sword-Player one hours respite to live : For if those most eminen● and honourable Patriots were so far from polluting , that they rather ennobled themselves with the bloud of Saturninus and the Gracchi , and Flaccus , and of many others in former times : Truly I have no reason to fear , least this Murderer of the Citizens being slain , any envy should rise against me for the future . But if never so much did hang over me , yet I was alwayes of this Judgment , to think Envy gotten by Vertue to be no Envy but Glory . 30. Although there are some in this House , who either not se● what is imminent , or dissembl● what they see ; who have cherish'd the hopes of Catiline with ●e●iss Votes , and have con●irmed ●he rising Conspiracy , by not believing it : whose Authority many , not onely out of malice , but of simplicity following , had I executed him , would have said , it had been a cruel and tyrannical Act. Now I understand , if he shall arrive , whither he intends at the Camp of Manlius , no body will be so foolish , as not to see it was a Plot ; no body so bold as not to confess it : But if he singly was slain , I understand this plague of the State might be a little supprest , but not wholly extinguished : But if he fly out , and carry his party along with him , and gather to the same place all other desperate persons , from every part gleaned up ; not only this so ripe a plague of the Common-wealth will be extinguished and rooted out , but also the very strings and seeds of all mischief . 31. For , my Lords , this great while , are we engaged in the danger , and the snare of this Conspiracy . But now how it comes to pass I know not , the ripeness of all Treasons , and old rage , and boldness , is broke forth in the time of our Consulship . Now if this one person shall be taken off , we shall be thought perhaps relieved of our cares and fears ; but the danger will stick close , and will be locked up in the bowels and veins of the Common-wealth ; as often times men in an acute Sickness , when they are tossed with hea● and feaver , if they drink cold water , seem at first to be eased ; then afterwards , are more grievously and violently afflicted : so this Disease in the Body Politick being abated by his punishment , will return more violently , if the rest be left alive . 32. Wherefore , my Lords , Let the Malignants fall off , let them separate from the honest party , let them draw to a head : In a word , as I have often before said , Let them be parted from us with a Wall ; let them leave plotting against the Consul in his own house , investing the Judges Bench , surrounding the Senate with their Swords , making Fire-balls and Brands , to burn the City . Lastly , let it be written in every ones Fore-head how he stands affected to the State. I promise you this , my Lords , there shall be so great diligence in us Consuls , so much authority in you , so much courage in the Roman Knights , so great consent in the honest party , that you may see the whole Plot discovered , laid open , suppressed , and punished , by the going out of Catiline . 33. (n) With this Prayer after you , Catiline , wishing , It may prove preservation to the State , ruin and confusion to your self , and destruction to all those , who have combined themselves with you in all villany and treason . Go your way to an unnatural and rebellious War : (o) And thou , Oh Juppiter , who at the same dedication as the City , wert consecrated by Romulus , whom we truly style , the Stay of this State and Empire ; repulse him and his Complices from the Altars , and other Temples ; from the Houses and Walls of the City ; from the life and fortunes of all the Citizens : And all the Maligners of the well-affect●d , Enemies of their Countrey , Plunderers of Italy , confound them both quick and dead with eternal punishment . The Second ORATION Against CATILINE . The Argument . Catiline having flung out of the Senate , went home , and there reflecting upon the unsuccessfulness of the Morning attempt upon the Person of the Consul , and seeing the City strongly guarded , concluded it safest with what forces he could suddenly and secretly carry wit him , to gain the Camp of Manlius : Wherefore having given Lentulus and Cethegus in charge to strengthen his Faction in the City , and at convenient season to put in execution the Results of their former Counsels , in order to a general Insurrection , when he should draw up with his Army towards the City : at Midnight he left Rome , with 300 in company . The next day , being the IX . of November , Tully calls the People to the Place of Assembly , both to justifie to them his challenging Catiline of Conspiracy the day before , and to warn them to stand upon their Guard against the Confederates that still remain behind in the Town . Gentlemen , 1. AT last with much ado , have we either expelled , or let out , or else waited upon L. Catiline of himself , going out of Town , foaming with rage , breathing Treason , unnaturally plotting the destruction of his Countrey , and menacing you and this City with Fire and Sword. He is gone , he is got his way , he is escaped , he is broke loose : No longer shall any mischief against this Town be brewed by that Monster and Prodigy of Men within the Town . And without controversie have we prevailed against him , that was the onely Ring-leader of this Intestine War : For no longer now shall that (a) Dagger be busy amidst the ribbs of us ; nor shall we be afraid in (b) the Field of Mars nor in the Market-Place , nor in the Senate , nor in a word , within our own doors . He has quitted his ground , when he fled the City . We shall now openly wage a just War with a declared Enemy , no body contradicting : undoubtedly we have destroyed and bravely vanquished him , what time we put him from private plotting into open Rebellion . 2. But that he did not carry ou● of Town , as he designed , the point of his Sword stained in bloud ; that he went and we alive ; that we have wrested the weapon out of his hand ; that he left behind him the Citizens in safety , and the Town standing : what mortification do you think it to be , and heart-breaking to him ? Now lies he groveling on the ground , and is sensible that he is a lost and ruined man , and oftentimes turns his Eyes back upon the City , lamenting , it has escaped his ravenous Jaws ; which City seems to me to look more cheerfully , since it has disgorged and cast out so pestilent a fellow . 3. But if there be any now , as all of you ought to be , affected , that upon this very point , wherein my Oration does boast and triumph , should greatly accuse me , because I did not rather apprehend so Capital an Enemy than let him escape ; it is none of my fault , Sirs , but the times ; L. Catiline should have been long since taken off and executed , and both old Presidents and the severity of this Empire , and the publick interest required it at my hands . But how many , think you , were there , who would not believe my Information ? How many , that out of simplicity could not have thought it ? How many that even justifie it ? How many , that out of corrupt Principles , abetted it ? Now if upon taking him off , I had judged all your danger removed , long since had I cut off L. Catiline , not onely at the hazard , of losing my reputation , but also my life . 4. But when I plainly saw , though you had been all satis●ied in the cause , if I had put him to death according to his demerit , it could not be that I might prosecute the Complices , so much should I be maligned : I brought it to this pass , that you might then openly fight , when you manifestly saw your Enemy ; which Enemy , Gentlemen , how much you need fear , now he is gone , you may understand by this , that I am troubled at nothing more than that he went out of Town so ill attended ; would he had carried along with him all his forces ! He took me out Tongillus , that he was scandalously reported to have been fond of in his Childhood ; Publicius and Munatius , whose debts contracted in Taverns , could bring no fear to the State : He left behind him men , how considerable ? o● of what vast debts ? how potent ? how noble ? 5. Therefore that Army of his● in respect of our Gallick Legions , and that Levy , which Q. Metellus made in the Picenian and Gallick Countrey , and these forces , which are daily listed by us , I greatly slight , an Army made up of desperate old men , debauched Farmers , and Countrey Beggars and Bankrupts , men that had rather forfeit their Recognizance than quit his Colours , whom if I should shew , not so much as the Front of our Army , but onely the Sheriffs Writ , they will drop down , These that I see flaunting in the Market , nay , sitting in the Senate , that are perfumed , that shine in Purple ; I had rather he had carried out his Souldiers with him ; who , if they tarry here , take notice , that not so much that Army , as these , that absent from their Colours , are to be feared by us ; and so much the more dangerous are they : because they are sensible that I am informed of their designs ; and yet are not conce●ned at it . 6. I see , to whose share Apulia is allotted , who has Tuscany , who the Picenian Countrey , who the Gallick , who it was , that required he might carry on the massacring and firing the City . They perceive all their Plots of the other night have been brought to me , I declared them yesterday in the Senate , Catiline himself was put in a fright , fled upon it . What do these stay for ? I assure them they are much mistaken , if they suppose my forbearance will alwayes continue . What I waited for , I have already attained ; that you might all be convinced there is a manifest Plot against the State , unless perchance there be some , that imagine men of Catiline's temper do not abet Catiline . There is no longer room for patience , the nature of affairs calls aloud for severity , yet I will still allow them one favour ; let them be gone , let them march out , let them not suffer poor Catiline to pine away , for lack of them . I will shew them the way , he is gone the Aurelian Road , if they make haste , they will over-take him before night . 7. Oh happy State , if it could drain out the sink of the Town . In truth , upon the throwing off Catiline onely , the State seems to me much eased , and on the mending hand : For what mischief or villany could be devised or thought on , which he did not contrive ? What Sorcerer in all Italy , what Hector , what Highway-man , what Assassine , what Paricide , what Forger of Wills , what Cheat , what Whoremaster , what Prodigal , what Adulterer , what infamous Strumpet , what Debauchel of Youth , what debauched , what desperate person can be found , but confesses Catiline was his great acquaintance ? What Murders have been committed these late years , that he had not a hand in ? What abominable Rape , but of his setting . 8. Now where was there ever such a spirit of inveigling youth as in him ? who did himself love some unnaturally , was scandalou●ly prostituted to the unnatural love of others ; some he promised the enjoyment of their lust , others the death of their Parents , not onely by his instigation , but by his assistance● and now , how of a sudden has he got together a great many men of desperate fortunes , not onely from the Town , but from the Countrey also ? There is none in debt , either in Rome , or any corner of all Italy , that he has not drawn in to his incredible Confederacy in Treason . 9. And that you may perceive his different Inclinations in things of a con●●ary Nature , there is none in the Fencing School , any thing forward to bold attempts , but confesses , he was Catiline's Intimate : None any thing wanton or loose on the Stage , but gives out that he and Catiline were in a manner all one . And yet this very Person , inur'd to suffer Cold and Hunger and Thirst , and watch in pursuit of Whoredom and Villany , was cried up by these his Companions as one hardy ; when as the Aids of Industry and Instruments of Vertue , were wasted upon Lust and Violence . 10. Now if his Comrades would go along with him , if the scandalous Crew of desperate Persons would quit the Town , happy should we be , the State blessed , and an Immortal Renown upon my Consulship ! for the lusts of men now-a-dayes are grown immoderate , their attempts inhumane and unsufferable ; they think of nothing but Massacres , but firing , but plundering , they have spent their own Estates , they have squandred away their Fortunes , their Stock has been long since gone , now their Credit begins to fail them ; yet they have the same pride as when they had a plentiful Estate . Now if amidst their Drinking and Gaming , they onely regarded Riot and Whoring , they were indeed little hopeful , but yet tolerable . But who can endure this , that Cowards should lay wait for the Valiant , Fools for the Wise , Sots for the Sober , Sluggards for the Vigilant ? That sit me at Treats with their Misses in their Laps , their Brains swimming with Wine , Stomachs over charged with Meat , Garlands on their Heads , daubed with Sweet Oyntment , weakned with Whoring , and belch out in their talk the slaughter of the honest Party and the firing of the City . 11. Over whom I am confident there hangs some fate , and that the rewards long since due to their boldness , baseness , treachery , and lust , is either imminent , or certainly approaching . Whom , if my Consulship , because it cannot cure , shall cut off , it will not prolong some small and inconsiderable time , but many Ages to the State : for there is no Nation , which we need fear , no King that can wage war with the People of Rome : (c) All forreign Affairs are quietly settled by Sea and Land , through the valor of one man ; the Plot is within ; the danger locked within ; the Enemy is within : We have a Conflict with Luxury , with Madness , with Treachery . I declare my self , Gentlemen , General in this War. I am contented to be maligned by desperate persons . What can be healed , I will use all means to heal ; what must be cut off , I will not suffer to spread to the common destruction : Therefore either let them be gone , or let them be quiet ; or , if they do abide , both in Town and in the same mind , let them expect what they deserve . 12. B●t some there are , Gentlemen , that say , Catiline was by me thrown into Banishment . Which , if I could effect with a wo●d speaking , I would throw out them that say so . For he , I 'll warrant you , poor , timorous , and over-modest man , could not bear the reproof of the Consul : assoon as commanded to go into Banishment , obey'd Orders . Nay yesterday , when I was almost murdered in my own house , I summoned a Senate into Iupiter Stator's Temple : I informed the Senato●s of the whole matter , whither when Catiline was come , what Senators spoke to him ? who saluted him ? In a word , who looked upon him , so well as a forlorne Citizen , and not rather as a most dangerous Enemy ? Nay the Chief of that Order left the part of the Seat , towards which he came , naked and empty . 13. Hereupon , I , the severe Consul , that throw men into Banishment with a word speaking , questioned Catiline , Whether he had been present , or no , at the (d) Night Meeting in M. Lecca's House ● when he , though bold enough , yet self-convinced , was at first silent , I made furthe● discovery , what he treated of that Night , where he had been● what h● had resolved upon for the next night ; and inform'd how the whole Course of the War wa● projected by him . When as he stopt and stayed , I questioned him , Why he should make any demurre of going thither , whither he had long since intended● having I know , sent before , his Arms , his Axes , his Rods , his Trumpets , his Ensigns , and that Silver Eagle , to which he had set up at home a Chappel for his Treacheries . 14. Did I throw him into Banishment , that I saw was already entred upon a War ? For that Captain Ill warrant you , that has encamped in the Fesulan Countrey , proclaimed War against the Roman people upon his own account , and that Camp does not now wait for Catiline to be their General , and now being thrown into Banishment , he will ●urn aside to (e) Mars●illes , as they give out , and not into this Camp● Oh unhappy condition , not onely of steering , but of saving the State. Now , if L. Catiline , hemmed in , and disabled by my Counsels , Labors , and Dangers , should take a sudden fright , alter his purpose , desert his Party , abandon his resolution of raising War , from this Carier of Treason and Rebellion , should turn his Course into flight and Exile ; he will not be reported to have been by me disarmed of the weapons of his insolency , nor astonished and affrighted by my diligence , nor put besides his hopes and endeavours ; but uncondemned innocent man , to have been thrown into Banishment by the Consul , with foul and threatning words : and some will have it be thought , if he shall do so , not that he was guilty , but unfortunate , nor that I was a most diligent Magistrate , but a most cruel Tyrant . 15. I can well afford , Gentlemen , to bear the storm of this false and unreasonable aspe●sion , so the danger of this dreadful and unnatural War be diverted from you , let it , since they will have it so , be said that he was thrown out by me , so he do , but go into Banishment : but take my word he will not do so . Sirs ! I shall never wish of the Immortal Gods , for the abating any hard opinion of me , that you should hear L. Catiline is in the head of the Enemies Army , and marching in the Field ; yet within three dayes you will hear it : and I much more fear the other thing , least the time may once come , wherein it prove a greater fault that I let him go out , than that I threw him out : But there being some , that say he is persecuted , when he went of himself , what would those men have said , if he had been executed ? 16. Although these very men , that give out that Catiline is gone to Marseilles , do not so much complain , as fear that it is so . None of them has so much tenderness for him , but had rather that he should go to Manlius than to those of Marseill●s . But , in truth , had he never before designed , what he now goes about , yet he had rather be killed in Rebellion than live in Banishment . But now , when as nothing has yet befallen him , besides his own desire and design , but that he went out of Rome , and we alive ; let us rather wish he would , then complain that he doth go into Banishment . 17. But why are we thus long discoursing of one Enemy ? and that Enemy that now declares himself so , and whom I no longer fear ; because there is , as I alwayes desired , a Wall between us ; we speak nothing yet of those , that dissemble that tarry behind at Rome , that keep amongst us ? whom I do not so much endeavour to punish , if it could any way be prevented , as to cure and reconcile them to the State. Nor do I see , why that should not be possible , if they take my Counsel ; for I will relate to you , Gentlemen , of what sort of men those forces are made up , then will I apply to the particulars the best Remedy my advice and perswasion can provide . 18. One Rank of them is such , as , though they have great debts , yet have greater Estates ; out of love to which , they can by no means afford to get themselves clear . The appearance of these men has the fairest shew , for they are substantial men ; but their intention and pretence is most impudent . Should you be plentiful and splendid in Lands , in Houses , in Plate , in Retinue , and in all Accommodations , and do you stick to diminish some of your Estate , and to purchase a good reputation ? Why , what do you look for ? For War ? What ? Do you then think in the Common Desolation , that your possessions shall be sacred and untouched ? For (f) a Bill to cancel old Debts ? They are much mistaken , that look for that from Catiline ; I will help them to such a Bill , but it must be a Bill of Sale. For , they who have Estates , can be preserved by no other means ; which , if they would have done sooner , neither ( which , is the most foolish thing in the World ) tire out their Rents with paying interest ; we might have had more able and honest Citizens of them . But such men as these I think not very much to be feared , because they may either be reclaimed , or , if they shall continue in the same mind , they seem rather to me , such as will joyn their prayers than their arms against the State. 19. Another sort is of those , that , though they are deeply in debt , yet they affect Tyranny , they would be Princes ; those places which they cannot look for , if the State continue in peace , if it be (g) disturbed , they hope they shall attain : Who should have this advice given them , the self-same , as all the rest , to despair of obtaining that , which they attempt : First of all , that I my self am vigilant , active , provident over the State ; then the well-affected are in great Courage , great Concord , in very great number ; that there are great Forces of Soldiery ; lastly , that the Immortal Gods will aid and assist this invincible People , most renowned Empire , and most beautiful City , against such a prodigious Treason . But grant they had obtained , what they pursue with such madness , do they hope , that in the ashes of the Town , and blood of their Citizens , which with a traiterous and an unnatural heart they have conspired , themselves should be Consuls , or Protectors , or indeed Kings ? Do they not see , that they lust after that , which , if they could compass , must needs be granted some Fugitive or Fencer ? 20. A third sort is well stricken in years , yet trained up to hardiness ; in which rank is Manlius himself , whose Charge Catiline has now taken . (h) These are persons of those Plantations , that Sulla settled , all which I take to be of honest Citizen● and valiant Men. But these are Planters , who live too high and pro●d upon their unexpected and new got moneys : These , whilest they build like Princes , whilest they pride themselves in their Manor Houses , Coaches , great Retinues , Entertainments , Furnitures , are sunk into so great Debt , that if they would ever come out , Sulla , must be again raised from the Dead by these : who have also drawn in some Farmors , poor and needy men , upon the same expectation of their old Rapines ; both of whom , I place , Sirs , in the same Rank of Robbers and Plunderers . But I advise them this , Let them leave off their madness , and dreaming of Sequestrations● and Protectorships : For the Country having been burnt , retains such a dread of those times , that now-a-dayes not onely Men , but the Brutes themselves , in my opinion , would not endure such outrages . 21. The fourth sort indeed is heterogeneous and mixt and factious , such as have been long since sunk ; such as never can hold up their head again ; such as partly by idleness , partly by ill manageing their business ; partly by bad husbandry , are tottering with old Debts : who being tired with Suits , Judgments , and Outlawries , are said to flock in great numbers , both out of Town and Countrey to that Camp. These men I judge not so much to be stout Souldiers , as Shifting Bafflers : Which persons , first , If they cannot stand , even let them fall ; but so , that not onely the State , but not so much as their next Neighbour should be sensible of it : For I do not understand the reason why if they cannot live in credit , they should desire to fall with dishonour ; or why they should suppose it less pain to sink with many , than in sinking alone . 22. A fifth sort is of Paricides , Murderers , and in a word , of all Malefactors ; whom I do not intice from Catiline , neither can they be torn from him ; and in truth let them perish in Rebellion , being so many , that the Prison cannot hold them . 23. But the last sort is , not onely in their Roll , but also in their course of life , that which is properly Catilines , of his List ; nay of his Lust and Cap : such as you see with set and oynted Hair , either Beardless , or with spruce Beards ; in (i) Tunicks , with Sleeves , wrapt in Mantles , and not in Gowns : All the indust●y of whose life and labour of watching , is laid out in Revellings . In this Crew , all Gamesters , all Adulterers , all loose and debauched pe●sons do keep . These fine and soft Lads , have not onely the Trade of Courting and being Courted , nor of (k) Singing and Dancing , but also of flourishing Daggers and scattering Poison ; who , unless they be gone , unless they perish , though Catiline should perish , be well assured , this will be a standing Nursery of Catilines in the State. But what do those poor wretches mean ? Can they carry their small Girles with them into the Camp ? And how can they be without them , especially these long Cold Nights ? Or in what sort can they bear the (l) Appennine , and those Frosts and Snows , unless they think they shall the more easily endure the Weather , because they have practised to dance naked at Feasts ? 24. A War greatly to be dreaded , when Catiline hath about him this ●ewd Life-guard ! Now , Gentlemen , draw up your Garrisons and your Armies against these precious Forces of Catiline ; and first , against that broken and battered Fencer , range your Consuls and Generals ; then against that naked and weather-beaten party of shipwrackt Creatures ; draw forth the flower and strength of all Italy . Now the Cities of the Plantations and Boroughs shall ballance Catiline's Fastnesses in the Woods : Nor in trut● ought I to compare your other Forces , Tro●phies , and Strong holds , with the want and beggery of that Rebel . 25. But if , waving all these things , whereof we have suppli●s , he is in want ; the Senate , the Knights , the Roman People , the City , the Treasury , the Customs , all Italy , the several Provinces , Foreign Nations ; I say , if waving these things , we would match the bare causes which are in dispute one with another ; by that onely we may apprehend how flat they are laid : For , on the one side modesty fights , on the other , scorn ; on this part , Purity , on the other Debauchery ; on this side Credit , on that side Knavery ; on this Loyalty , on that Treason ; on this side Stayedness , on the other Madness ; on this side Honour , on that Baseness ; on this Gove●nment , on that Lust : In summe , on this side , Equity , Temperance , Courage , Prudence ; all Vertues , contend with Oppression , with Luxury , with Cowardize , with Rashness , with all Vices . Lastly , Wealth with Want , Right Reason with Absu●dness , Good Judgment with Infatuation . Lastly , Fair Hope engages with the Despair of all things . In such a Combate and Battle , though the Affections of men should with draw , would not the Immortal Gods themselves oblige so many and so great Vices to be over-thrown by these most Excellent Vertues . 26. Which things being so , Gentlemen , do yo● , as I have before said , watch and ward your private houses : I have taken Order and provided , that the City be sufficiently guarded without putting you into any fear or Alarme . All your Planters and Burgesses , having been certified by 〈◊〉 of this Nights Excursion of Catiline , will sufficiently defend their Cities and Bounds . The Fencers , which he thought would make him a great and a sure party , although they are better affected than some of the Senators , shall yet be secured . Q. Metellus , that I upon prospect of this , sent before into the Gallican and Picenian Countrey , will either surprise him himself , or suppress all his motions and endeavours . But for the settling , dispatching , and ordering all other things , we will immediately move the House , which you see is summoned . 27. Now for those which have tarr●ed behind in Town , and in truth , which have been left there by Catiline , to the destruction of it and all you ; though they are enemies , yet because they are natural Citizens , I would warn them again and again . My forbearing hitherto , if it have seemed to any too slack , has waited for this , that what was hidden , might break out . For the time to come , I can forget no longer that this is my Countrey , that I am their Consul ; that I must either live with them , or die for them . There is no Porter at the Gate , no Scout upon the Road , if any will go out , they may shift for themselves : But whoever shall stir in the Town , that I shall discover not onely his acting , but any attempting , or endeavour against his Countrey , he shall find ; that there are in the City , vigilant Consuls , there are excellent Magistrates , there is a Couragious Senate , that there are Arms and a Prison , which our Ancestors have appointed to be for the avenging of unnatural and notorious Villanies . 28. And all this shall be so carried , Gentlemen , that the most important affairs with the least noise , the greatest dangers without alarme , an intestine and domestick War , the cruellest and greatest as ever was recorded , may be suppressed under my single Conduct and Generalship in the Long Robe : Which I will so manage , Gentlemen , if it be any wayes possible , that not so much as any Criminal in the Town may endure the punishment due to his Treachery . But if open Rebellion , If the imminent hazard of my Countrey , shall force me from this temper of mind , I shall be sure to compass that other thing , which in so great and so dangerous a Rebellion , seems a boldness to wish , that no honest person may miscarry , and that by the execution of a few , ye may be all preserved . 29. Which things I promise ●ou , Gentlemen , not upon Confidence of my own Wisdom , nor the Cou●sels of Men , but upon many , and those undoubted Intimations of the Immortal Gods ; by whose guidance , I have come to this hope and resolution ; who now , not at a distance , as they were wont in forme● times , from a foreign and remote Enemy , but here in presence , do defend their Temples , and the Houses of the City with their power and assistance ; whom you , Si●s , in duty ought to petition , worship , and implore , That what City they have pleased to raise to be most beautiful , flourishing , and powerful , they would preserve from the unnatural Treason of most desperate Citizens , all the power of Foreign Enemies being subdued both by Sea and Land. The Third ORATION Against CATILINE . The Argument . The Conspirators that were in the City , omitted no time or means to strengthen their Party , gaining all Citizens that were ill-inclin'd or discontented , and Strangers too : For Lentulus observing that the Allobroges , a Nation about Savoy , that now is , were deeply engag'd both on publick and private accounts , applies one Umbrenus , who had traded there , to their Embassadors ; promises relief of their condition , requires them to powre in a Party of Gallick Cavalry to joyn with the Italian Infantry . They preferring certain favour before uncertain hopes , reveal the matter to Q. Fabius Sanga , Patron of their Countrey , he discovers it to Cicero , but is advis'd to put the Ambassadors to hold on fair with them , and so sound the depth of the Business , with means to discover it . They according to dir●ction , insist for an Oath sign'd under their hands , to carry their State , which Lentulus , Cethegus , Statilius gav● , Cassius onely promis'd . The Night of their departure homewards , Cicero lodges two Companies under the Captains C. Pontinius and L. Flaccus , one on either side the Pons Milvius , which way they necessarily pass , and intercepts them , their Guide Titus Vultureius , and with them a Box of Letters both to Catiline and their Senate . Then by break of day summons a Senate into the Temple of Concord . What was there done that day , b●ing the V. of December in the Evening , informs the People at the Place of Assembly . 1. YOu see , Countreymen , the State , and all your Lives , your Goods , Estates , Wives , and Children , and this Seat of the most renowned Empire , the most fortunate and beautiful City , this day by the peculiar love of the Immortal Gods towards you ; by my labours , counsels , and dangers , rescued from Fire and Sword , and out of the very Jaws of destruction , and preserved and restored to you . 2. Now if those dayes , wherein we are delivered , are no less delightful and remarkable to us , than those whereon we are born ; because the joy of our being preserved is certain , the condition whereunto we are born , uncertain ; and because we are not sensible of our being born but take delight at our being preserved . In truth , since that we have extolled in love and glory Romulus , tha● founded this City (a) to the Immortal Gods , he , sure , that has prese●ved this City so founded and enlarged , shall have reason to find some esteem with you an● your posterity . For we have quenched those Brands , which were put to , well-nigh , and laid about , the Temples , Oratories , Houses , and Battlements of the whole City . We too have bea●●en back the Swords drawn a●gainst the State , and have warded off the points of them from your Throats . 3. All which having been in the Senate cleared , manifested , and discoverd by me , I will now in short report to you , Countreymen , that you , who both are ignorant , and desirous to be informed , may know , both how great , and how plain they are ; and by what course traced out and taken . First of all , since Catiline , a few dayes ago , broke out of the City , having left in Rome the Complices of his Treason , and the most stout Commanders of this Unnatural War , I alwayes have been vigilant and provident , Countreymen , how we might be safe amidst so great and secret Plottings . For then , when I routed Catiline out of Town ( nor do I now fear the Censure of that word , the contrary being rather to be apprehended , that he went out alive ) but then , when I desired him to be banished the Verge of this Court , I either thought that the rest of the Conspirators would have gone out together , or that those who tarried behind , would be weak and disabled withou● him . 4. But now since I saw tha● those , who , I know , were in●lamed with the greatest rage and malignancy , were amongst us , and tarried behind at Rome , I emploied all my time day and night , to discover and see what they consulted and designed ; that so , seeing my report could find but small credit with your Ears , by reason of the hainousness of the Treason , I might render the matter so evident , that you should then in your minds provide for your safety , when you saw with your Eyes the naked Conspiracy : Therefore , as soon as I came to know that the Ambassadors of the Allobroges had been tampered with by P. Lentulus , to raise a Transalpine War , and to put all Gauland into an uproar , and that they were sent into Gauland ● to their Countreymen , and under one , with Letters and Instructions to Catiline , and that Vulturcius wen● along in their Train and carried a Letter Express to Catiline : I thought I had an opportunity to put into my hand , that what was the hardest point , and what I alwayes wished for from the Immortal Gods , the whole matter might be clearly discovered not onely by me bu● by the Senate and your selves . 5. Therefore yesterday , I sent for L. Flaccus and C● Pontinius Praetors , most valiant and confiding persons ; I declared the whole matter , shewed them my pleasure . Now they , as men of an eminent and singular affection to the State , without excuse or delay , undertook the business : and when it drew towards night , got secretly to (b) Pons Milvi●s , and there in the adjoyning Towns so divided themselves , that the Bridge and the River Tyber was between them . They carried also along with them without any suspicion many stout men , and I too had sent thither many choice youths● wearing Swords , out of the (c) Jurisdiction of Reate ; whose service I continually make use of in guiding of the State. 6. Now the Third Watch being near ended , so soon as the Ambassadors of the Allobroges , with a great Train began ●o be upon the Bridge● and Vulturcius with them , they are assailed , Swords we●e drawn both by them and by ours . The matter was known onely to the Praetors , was unknown to the rest . Then at the coming in of Pontinius and Flaccus , the Fray , that was engaged in , is appeased . Whatever Letters were in that Retinue , are delivered with the Seals entire to the Praetors ; the persons apprehended are brought before me about break of day : Hereupon I sent for the most dangerous Contriver of all these Plots , Cimber Gabinius , suspecting no such matter ; then afterwards P. Statilius is fetcht , and after him Cethegus ; latest of all came Lentulus . I suppose because in making dispatches , late last night he had sate up beyond his ordinary hour . 7. Now when it was the opinion of the most eminent and honorable Men of the City , who upon hearing the matter , came early to my house in great number ; That the Letters should be first opened by me , before they were moved in the House , lest , if there should be nothing in them , so great an Alarm might seem to have been rashly given the City . I said , I would not , but in a publick danger , propound the matter first to the Publick Council . For , Countreymen , if that had not been in them , which I was informed of , yet I did not suspect , that in so great dangers of the State , the blame of over-diligence , were to be feared by me , I suddenly called a full House , as you see . 8. And in the mean time , presently at the advice of the Allobroges , dispatched C. Sulpitius the Praetor , a stout man , to search for Arms in the House of Cethegus ; from whence he brought out a great quantity of Stiletto's and Swords . I call'd in Vulturcius without the Gauls , and by the Order of the House passed the Publick Faith to him , advising him , that without fear he wo●ld discov●r what he knew● thereupon he , being s●arcely come to himself from a great fright , said , that he had instructions from Pub. Lentulus to Catiline , and Letters that he should use the assistance of Slaves , and bring his Army with all expedition up to the City ; to that intent , that when they had fired the City in all Corners , as it was laid out and divided , and had made an infinite Massacre of the Citizens ; he might be at hand to glean up them that escaped , and joyn his Forces with these City Commanders . 9. But the Gauls , brought in , said , They had an Oath ●nd Letters given to them by P. Lentulus , Cethegus , Statilius , to their Nation ; and that such Orders were given them● by these , and by L. Cossius , they should send their Cavalry with all speed into Italy , and for Infantry they should not want . Also that Lentulus had assured them out of the Syb●●s Books and the Prophecies of Southsayers , that he is that Third Cornelius , to whom the Soveraignty and Empire of this City must come : That Sulla and Cir●na had been before him ; and that he said this year was fatal for the destruction of this City and Empire , being the (d) 10 th , year after the Absolution of the Virgins , and (e) the twentieth since the Burning of the Capitol . They said too that there was this Controversie between Cethegus and the rest , that whereas Lentulus and the others would have the Massacre made , and the City burnt on the (f) Saturnalia . Cethegus thought , that was too long . 10. Now , not to be tedious , Countreymen , we commanded the Letters to be produced , which were said to have been delivered by each person respectively . The first we shewed to Cethegus , he knew the Seal ; we cut the thread ; read it : There was written with his own hand , To the Senate and the People of the Allobroges , that he would effect , what he had assured their Ambassadors : desiring that they also , on their part would effect what their Ambassadors should direct them . Then Cethegus , who a little before had made some answer about the Swords and Daggers which were found in his House , and had said , That he was alwayes a Lover of good Blades : Upon reading the Letters , being dismayed and confounded , through the Conviction of his Conscience , was of a sudden put to silence . Statilius was brought in , he knew both his Seal and his Hand ; the Letters were read to the same purpose in a manner , as he confessed it . Then I shewed Lentulus his Letter , and inquired , Whether he knew the Seal ? By nod he owned it . I marry , said I , It is a Noted Seal , the Image of your Grandfather , a most Honourable Person , who bare a singular affection to his Countrey and Countreymen , which might of it self , though dumb , reclaim you from so great a Treason . 11. The Letter in the same tenor , to the Senate and People of the Allobroges is read , if he had any thing to say for himself in this matter , I gave him liberty . Thereupon he first denied it , but a little after , the whole Information being produced and declared , he stood up , asked the Gauls what he had to do with them , that they should come to his House ? Asked Vulturcius also the like , who having answered him in short and coherently , with resolution , by whose means , and how often they came to him ; and having asked him , Whether he had spoken nothing to them about the Sybils Books ? Then he of a sudden , being for his wickedness infatuated , shewed , how great the force of Conscience is . For , whereas he might safely have denied that , of a sudden , contrary to the expectation of all , he confessed it : So , not onely that wit of his , and (g) practice of speaking , wherein he alwayes had good ability , but also through the greatness of his manifest and convict Treason , that (h) impudence , wherein he surpassed all , and presumptuousness failed him . 12. But Vul●urcius of a sudden requires , that the Letters shoul● be produced and opened , which , he said , were given him by Lentulus to carry to Catiline . Thereupon Lentulus being exceedingly confounded , yet knew his Seal and Hand● Now they were written without any Name , but thus : Who I am , you shall know of this Bearer , whom I have sent Express to you ; look that you play the man , and consider what pass you are come to , and see what is at the present necessary for you . Look that you take on the Aids of all , even of the meanest . Then Gabinius brought in , when as at first he began to answer peremptorily , at last denied nothing of that which the Gauls charged upon him . 13. Now as to me , Countreymen , whereas those Arguments and Proofs of the Treason seem most certain , the Letters , Seals , Hands , lastly , the Confession of every one ; so did those other seem more sure , their Colour , Eyes , Looks , Silence : For they were so amaz'd , so fix'd their Looks on the ground , so slily now and then eyed one another , that no longer by others , but they seem'd to be by themselves discover'd . The Proofs being produced and declared , I put the Question to the Senate , What they would resolve upon for securing the State ? Most severe and courageous Votes were given by the leading Men , which the Senate followed without any dissent ; and because the Order is not yet drawn up , I shall repeat to you , Countreymen , by heart what the Senate voted . 14. First of all , The Thanks of the House were given me in an ample manner , because by my courage , counsel , providence , the Common-wealth had been delivered from most imminent dangers . Then L. Flaccus and Caius Pomplinius are deservedly and justly praised ; because they had couragiously and faithfully executed what I committed to their Charge . Ca. Antonius a valiant man , my Colleague , has his share of praise given him too , for having removed those that were engaged in this Conspiracy from his Cabinet Council and the Secrets of ta●te . And thus they resolved , That (i) P. Lentulus having first laid down the Praetorship , should be taken into Custody : Also that (k) C. Cethegus , (l) L. Statilius , and (m) Publius Gabinius , who were all personally present , should be committed : (n) and the same was voted too against Lu. Cassius , who had sued for a Commission to fire the City : against (o) M. C●parius , to whom● as it was informed , Apulia was allotted , for drawing in the Herdsmen : against P. Furius , who is of those Plantations , that L● Sulla settled in Fesulae : against Q. Magius Chilo , who together with this F●rius , was alw●yes busie in this practising the Allobroges : against P. Umbre●us , a Freed-man , by whom as it was evidenced , the Gaul● were first brought in to Gabinius . 15. And the Senate used such Gentleness , Countreymen , that , out of so great a Conspiracy , and such a power and multitude of home-bred Enemies , the Common-wealth being preserved by the punishment of nine most rotten members , it is supposed the minds of the rest may be cured . And further , a Thanksgiving to the Immortal Gods for their exceeding goodness , was voted to be kept upon my account ; which has never been done before to any in the Long Robe since the Foundation of the City , but to me : and it was drawn up in these words , Because I had delivered the City from firing , the Citizens from slaughter , and Italy from war. Which Thanksgiving if it be compared with others , Countreymen , this difference may be sound , that others have been appointed for serving , mine for the preserving of the State. And that which was in the fi●st place to be done , is passed and performed . For P. Lentulus , although discovered by his Proofs and Confessions , had been by the Judgement of the Senate (p) degraded not onely from the Dignity of Praetor , but from the liberty of a Citizen , yet did lay down his Magistracy ; that , what C. Marius , that excellent person never scrupled at for the killing of C. Glaucia , the Praetor , against whom there was no Vote passed by name , we might be delivered of that scruple , in executing Lentulus a private man. 16. Now , seeing , Countreymen , you have the unnatural Generals of this most wicked and dangerous Rebellion , in hold and prison , ye ought to judge , that all the forces of Catiline , all his hopes and strength , these dangers of the City being prevented , are fallen to the ground : whom indeed when I turned out of Town , I fore-saw this in my mind , Countreymen , that if Catiline were got out of the way , I had no reason to fear , either the drowsiness of P. Lentulus , or the fat guts of L. Cassius , nor the hot-headed rashness of Ca. C●thegus . He was the onely person of them all to be feared , but so long as he continued within the Town , he had intelligence of every thing ; he had access to every body : He had ability , had confidence , to break the question to them , to feel them , to practise them : He had a Head shaped for any Exploit ; and to that Head , was wanting neither Tongue nor Hand . Now for the execution of his other business , he had certain choice and suitable Instruments : Nor yet , as soon as he had given a thing in Charge , did he reckon his work done ; there was nothing but he overlooked himself , compassed in good time , watched and drudged for ; could bear Cold , Thirst , Hunger . 17. This person , so eager , so forward , so audacious , so subtle , so watchful at his Treason , so active in mischief , had I not driven from his secret Ambushes in Town , to open action in the Field ( to tell you , Countreymen , what I think ) I had not easily prevented this great mischief from falling upon your Necks . He would not have pitched you the Saturnales , nor so long before have given out the fatal day for the destruction of the State , neither would he have been so far overseen , as that his Seal , his Letters , no , not that any witnesses of such open Treason should be produced . All which , now in his absence , have been so carried , that never was theft in any private house so openly detected , as this so great Conspiracy in the State has been found and convicted . But if Catiline had tarried in Town to this day , although as long as he was here , I obviated and prevented his designs , yet , to speak with the lowest , we must have fought with him , nor could we ever , as long as that Enemy had been in Town , with so great peace , such quiet , such silence , have freed the State from so great dangers . 18. Although all these things , Countreymen , I have so managed , that they may be perceiv'd to have been fore-seen and carried on by the Councel and Guidance of the Immortal Gods. Which , as we may conjecture , because the conduct of such weighty affairs may hardly be judged within the compass of humane policies , so indeed in such present manner of late have they aided and assisted us , that we might almost see them with our Eyes : For , to wave those things , Meteors like Torches in the West , seen by night , and the Heavens as it were all on fire ; to pass by Lightnings , Earthquakes , and the other Prodigies , which have happened in our Consulship , so many , that the Immortal Gods seem with a Voice from Heaven to have proclaim'd the things which are now come to pass . This one thing , Countreymen , which I shall mention , must neither be omitted , nor neglected . 19. For yee must needs remember , when Cotta and Torquatus were Consuls , that many Turrets in the Capitol were struck with Lightning , what time also the Images of the Immortal Gods were beaten down , and the Statues of Ancient Men overthrown , and (q) the Brass Tables of the Law melted ; Romulus too , that founded this City , was smitten , whom , you remember to have been gilt in the Capitol , a Babe , and sucking with the Wolves Teats in his Mouth . At what time , the Diviners , having been convented from all Etruria said , That Slaughters and Fires , and the abolition of the Laws , and Civil and Domestick Wars , and ruin of the whole City and Empire did approach ; unless the Immortal Gods , attoned by all means , should by their absolute power almost alter the course of Fate . 20. Therefore upon their Interpretations at that time , both Plays were for ten days celebrated , and nothing omitted , which might tend towards the atonement of the Gods. The same Southsayers too gave order , To make a larger Image of Jupiter , and to place it on high , and turn it East , contrary to what it had been before ; and said , They had hopes , if that Image , which you see , looked towards the East , and the Iudgement-Hall and the Senate-House , it would come to pass , that those designs , which were secretly plotted against the safety of the City and Empire , should be brought to light ; so that they might be clearly seen by the Senate and People of Rome . Now those Consuls agreed with Workmen to have it erected in that posture ; but the slowness of the Work was such , that it was neither set up by the former Consuls , nor by us till this very day . 21. Here , who can be so destitute of Truth , so obstinate , so senseless , as to deny this whole visible World , and especially this City , to be ruled by the providence and power of the Immortal Gods ? For whereas such Interpretation was given , that Slaughters , Fires , and Subversion of the State , were in contriving , and that by lewd Citizens ; which at that time for the hainousness of the Crimes , seemed to some incredible : You have found those things , not onely designed , but also attempted by unnatural Citizens . And is not that so plain a thing , that it may seem to have come to pass by the Guidance of the good and great Iupiter , that when as to day morning , both the Conspirators and the Informers against them , were by my order carried into the Temple of Concord , at that very time the Image was setting up ? Which being placed , and turned towards you and the Senate , both the Senate and you have seen what things were contrived against the safety of every one , to be all brought to light and manifested . 22. So much the more hatred and punishment were they worthy of , who have endeavoured to wrap in a deadly and unnatural Flame , not onely your Seats and Houses , but also the Temples and Oratories of the Immortal Gods ; whom , if I should say that I resisted , I should take too much upon me , and were intolerable . It was that , that Iupiter that resisted them . He was pleased to preserve the Capitol ; he , to preserve these Temples ; he , this City ; he , all of you . By the guidance of the Immortal Gods , I receiv'd these impressions and impulses , and attained to these so evident proofs . Now this practising of the Allobroges , a business of such importance , would never truly have been so sottishly trusted by Lentulus , and the other home-bred Enemies , both to Strangers and to Barbarians ; nor Letters committed , unless by the judgement of the Immortal Gods so desperate an attempt had been deprived of ordinary prudence ; nay , that Gauls being of a State hardly well-reduced , which is the onely Nation left , that seems both able and not unwilling to make War with the Roman People , should yet neglect the hope of Empire and of great advantages , freely offered them by Patricians , and should prefer your safety before their own power : Do you not think that this came from God ? especially when they might have overcome us , not by fighting , but by holding their peace ? 23 Therefore , Countreymen , seeing that a Thanksgiving is voted before all the Images , solemnize those dayes with your Wives and Children . For many honours have been justly and of due given to the Immortal Gods , but in truth none ever more justly : For being rescued from most cruel and miserable destruction , rescued without slaughter , without blood , without Army , without fighting , in your Gowns , I being your Commander and General in the Long Robe , yee have gotten the Victory . 24. Now call to mind , Countreymen , all Civil Dissentions , not those onely , which yee have heard of , but these also , which your selves do remember and have seen : L. Sulla suppressed (r) P. Sulpitius ; he banish'd C. Marius , the Preserver of this City , and many valiant men , he partly banished , partly slew . (s) Cn. Octavivius being Consul , chased out his Colleague from the Town by force of Arms. All this place was covered with heaps of Corpses and the blood of Citizens . Afterwards (t) Cinna and Marius prevailed . But then (u) the most eminent men being slain , the eyes of the City were put out ; afterwards (x) Sulla avenged the cruelty of this Victory ; with how great diminution of the Citizens and calamity of the State (y) it need not be mentioned . (z) M. Lepidus dissented from Quintus Catulus , a most gallant and valiant man , not so much his own destruction brought sorrow to the Common-wealth as that of others . 25. And these dissentions were of this nature , Countreymen , as ●ended not to the aboli●ion , but the change of Government . These men did not desire the State should be confounded , but that themselves should be the principals in such as was . Nor would they have the City burnt , but themselves to flourish in it● yet all these dissentions , whereof none desired the destruction of the State , were such , as they were decided , not by an accommodation of parties , but by the Carnage of Citizens . But in this War , the greatest and cruellest of any recorded ; such a War as never any Barbarians waged with their own Nation : in which War , this Condition was resolved upon by Lentulus , Catilin● , Cassius , Cethegus : That all they , who could save themselves in saving the City , should have no Quarter given ; I have so behaved my self , Countreymen , that all of you are preserv'd in safety . And when as your Enemies had reckoned , that so many Citizens should survive as were the remainder of a boundless Massacre ; and so much of the City should stand , as the flame could not take in , I have preserved both City and Citizens safe and sound . 26. For which so great actions , Countreymen , I require from you no (a) Reward of Vertue , nor (b) Badge of Honour , nor (c) Monument of praise besides the everlasting memory of this day . I would have deposited and erected in your Bosomes , all my Triumphs , all Ornaments of Honour , Monuments of Glory , Badges of Praise . No dumb thing can take with me , nothing silent ; in a word , nothing of that nature , which men of not any great merit may attain . In your memory , Countreymen , shall our Actions be cherished , in your discourses shall they grow up , in the Records of History shall they come to age and full strength ; and I judge , that the same length of time , which I hope will be paralel to Eternity , is propagated both to the preservation of this City , and to the memory of my Consulship ; and that at one time in this State were (d) two Citizens ; the one whereof has bounded the extent of your Empire , no● by the Terrestrial but the Celestial Regions ; the other preserved the Mansion and Seat of the same Empire . 27. But because there is not a like fortune and condition of the things which I have acted , as of those , who have waged foreign wars ; because I must live with them I have vanquished and subdued ; they have left their Enemies , either slain , or brought into bondage . It is your part , Countreymen ; to provide , if others good actions advantage them , that mine may not come to prejudice me . For , that the treacherous and unnatural intentions of audacious men , might not hurt you , I have provided : that they may not hurt me , it is your part to provide . Although Countreymen , my self cannot be hurt by them ; for there is great protection in the good Party , which is gained to me for ever : Great dignity in the State , which will alwayes silently defend me ; there is a great aw of Conscience , which whosoever shall slight , when they go about to hurt me , will betray themselves . 28. There is further in us such resolution , Countreymen , that we are so far from giving way to the boldness of any , as we do alwayes voluntarily defie all Traitors . Now if all the assaults of the home-bred Enemies diverted from you , should return upon my single person● you , Countreymen , must look to it : In what condition you would have them hereafter stand , who shall interpose themselves to Envy and all dangers for your preservation . For my self , what is there more , that can be acquired to the content of life , especially since I see no higher step , ●hat I care to ascend either in Place of Honour from you , or in Praise of Vertue . 29. This , Countreymen , in truth I will effect ; what I have managed in my Consulship , when I am come to be a private man , to maintain and improve . That if any Envy for preserving the State , has been incurred , it may turn to their hurt onely that ●ear it , but to my glory . In summe , I will so deport my self in the State , alwayes to remember what I have acted , and give diligence , that it may appear , to have been managed by vertue and no●●or●une . You , Countreymen , seeing it is now Night , go pray to that Jupiter , the Guardian of this City and your selves , and go away to your Houses , and though the danger be now over , yet watch and ward them as yee did the Night before ; that yee may not long be put to that trouble , but continue in peace without interruption , I shall provide . The Fourth ORATION Against CATILINE . The Argument . The Conspiracy being thus fully discover'd , a Senate is call'd on the VI. of December , with Order that a Reward be bestow'd on the Ambassadors of the Allobroges and Titus Vulturcius , for giving Information of the Plot , and in the Night to avoid a Tumult of the People , the Prisoners were convey'd into the Common Gaol ; but L●ntulus by divers of his Liberti and Clients , spread into several Quarters , assay'd to hire Workmen and Shop-keepers to rise and rescue him . So Cethegus animated his Fencers and stout men that were in his Crew , to make their way in to him with their Weapons . Vpon notice of which Tully calls the Senate again on the VII . and puts it to the Question what the House please should be done with the Prison●r● ? Where finding them divided , and some out of tenderness to him , inclinable to a less severe Censure , he perswadeth them to be unanimous , and before Night pass their Sentence with diligence and courage . 1. I See , my Lords , all your faces and eyes turned towards me , I see you solicitous , not onely for your own and the Commonwealths danger , but , ( although that be prevented ) for mine also . Your affection to me in this perplexity , I take kindly , and thankfully , amidst my grief● but I beseech you , for the Immortal Gods sake , lay that aside , and forgetting my safety , think upon your selves and your own Children . For my part , if this have been made the Condition of my Consulship , that I must undergo all extremities , all pains and torments , I shall endure them , not onely couragiously , but even contentedly , so that by my pangs , deliverance and honour may be brought forth to you and the Roman People . 2. I am that Consul , my Lords , who have never found the Pleading Hall , wherein all Equity is preserved , nor the Camp consecrated to the Election of Consuls : nor the Senate , the supream relief of all Nations , nor my own House , the Common Refuge ; nor Bed , ordained for repose ; nor lastly , this Seat of Honour , the Ivory Chair , free from the danger of my Life and Plots . I have concealed much , endured much , yielded much , have with some regret of my own in your fears , healed much . Now if the Immortal Gods are pleased to have this the issue of my Consulship , that I should rescue you , my Lords , and the Roman People from a miserable Massacre , your Wives and Chil●ren and the Vestal Virgins , from most violent haling ; their Temples and Oratories , and this the most noble Countrey of every one of us , from a most execrable flame ; all Italy from war and desolation ; whatever fortune shall be proposed to my single person , let it fall . For if P. Lentulus , seduced by Fortune-tellers , has thought his Name should be fatal to the destruction of the State ; why should not I r●joyce , that my Consulship has been almost fatal to the preservation of the Common-wealth . 3. Wherefore , my Lords , look to your own interest , provide for your Countrey , pr●serve your Wives , Children , and Estates ; defend the Name and safety of the Roman People ; forbear your tenderness for me , and to be anxious on my behalf . For first , I have grounds to hope , that all the Gods , that are Tutela● to the City , will render unto me according to my desert . Then , if any thing should fall out amiss , I shall be contented and ready to die : For Death can never come dishonourable to a Valiant Person , nor untimely to him that is Consular , nor unfortunate to a Wise man. Neither yet am I so obdurate as not to be moved with the affliction of my most dear and loving (a) Brother here present , and with the tears of all these you see me surrounded with . Nor , but that (b) my Wife dismay'd , my c Daughter distracted with fear , and the little Babe (d) my Son , whom the Common-wealth seems to hug as the Hostage of my Consulship , do often call my thoughts home ; nor am I unconcerned for my (e) Son in Law● who stands here in my sight , waiting for the issue of this day . I am moved at all these things , but to that side , that they may be all preserved with you ; although any violence should overwhelm me , rather than that they and we should be involved in the univers●l ruin of the State. 4. Wherefore ( my Lords ) apply your selves to the preservation of the Common-wealth , look well about for the Storms , that hang over you , unless you provide against them . It is not a Tib. Gracchus , that would the second time be made Tribune of the Commons , not G. Gracchus , that endeavoured to stir up men to the Claims of Publick Lands ; not ● . Saturninus , that slew C. Memmius is called in question , and brought to the Tryal of your Severity : But those are in hold , who tarried at Rome for the burning of the City , the massac●ing of all of you , and letting in of Catiline . Their Letters , Seals , Hands , are produced , in a word , every ones Confession ; the Allobroges are practised , Slaves raised , Catiline invited : such a Plot was laid , that all should be cut off , and none left , no not so much as to deplore the Name of the People of Rome , and lament the Calamity of so great an Empire . 5. All this Informers have declared , the Criminals have confessed , your selves have by many Verdicts already prejudged : first , in that yee gave me thanks in singular terms , and did declare that by my vertue and diligence the Conspiracy of desperate men was discovered . Then in that ye obliged P. Lentulus to lay down the Praetorship . Then that you voted both him and the others , on whom you pass'd Sentence to be committed ; and especially in that you ordered a Thanksgiving in my behalf ; which honour has not been given to any in the Long Robe before me . Lastly , In ●hat yesterday , you gave most large Rewards to the Ambassadors of the Allobroges and Titus Vulturcius . All which things are of that nature , that those who have been put in prison by name , may , without any Controversie appear to have been condemn'd by you . 6. But I have resolved to move the Question anew to you , both concerning the fact , what you judge of it , and concerning the punishment , what you resolve upon ? yet I will onely premise what belongs to my place as Consul . I long since saw a great malignancy working in the State , and certain new mischiefs brewing and stirring : but that , so great , so deadly a Conspiracy as this was made by Citizen● , I never dreamt . Now whatever it be to which your minds and resolutions bend , you must determine it before night . How great a Treason has been discovered , you see . If you think but few to be accessary to it , you are greatly mistaken . The mischief is spread farther than you imagine . It is diffused not onely over all Italy , but has past beyond the Alps , and creeping secretly , has already seized many Provinces . It can by no means be crushed by forbearing and delaying ; whatever way you think ●it , it must suddenly be punished . 7. I see as yet but two Votes , the one of D. Silanus , who resolves , that , They which endeavoured to destroy these things , should be punished with death . The other o● C. Caesar , (a) who excludes the penalties of death , but takes in all Extremities of other punishments . The one and the other both according to his dignity and the Atrocity of the Fact deals with the highest severity . The one judges , That , They who endeavoured to deprive us all , and the Roman People of life , to ra●e the Empire , to extinguish the name of the Roman P●ople , ought not one moment to enjoy li●e and this air we breath in● And quotes Presidents that this sort of punishment has been often used against seditious Citizens in this State. The other is of this judgement , That , Death was never appointed by the Immortal Gods for a punishment , but either a natural necessity or rest from labours and miseries ; therefore that Wisemen n●ver unwillingly and Valiant Men have often cheerfully embraced death : but that Bonds , and those everlasting , have in truth been invented for the singular punishmen● of unnatural wickedness . Hereupon he orders , that , They should be imprisoned in the several Burroughs . This thing , if you command it , seems to carry oppression with it ; difficulty , if you require it ; yet let it pass , if it be your will and pleasure . For I shall promise , and I hope prove the man that does not th●nk it suitable to his Office , to dispute that which you shall determine for the publick good . 〈…〉 in Hell , because it seems they were of judgement , That if those were removed , death it self were not to be dreaded . 9. Now , my Lords , I see , what it makes for my interest , if you shall follow Caesar's Vote ; seeing he has stood that cou●se which is coun●ed popular in the State , perchance I shall have less reason to dread the insults of the People ; he being the Author and Perswader of this Resolution . If you shall choose the other , I do not know , whether I shall have any further trouble at all . But yet let the advantage of the State prevail over the Considerations of my private dangers . For we have from C. Caesar as his own dignity and the honour of his Ancestors required , this his Vote as an Hostage of his perpetual good affection to the State. It is to be discerned ; what difference there is , between the vanity of Demagogues and a mind truly popular , seeking the safety of the People . 10. I see some body of those that would be counted popular , absent , that they may not pass S●ntence on Roman Citizens in good time . The same person both the other day committed Cethegus and P. Lentulus Roman Citizens , to prison , and voted a Thanksgiving for me , and yesterday highly rewarded the Informers . Now , none can question what he , who has voted imprisonment to the Malefactor , thanks to the Judge , reward to the Informer , judges concerning the whole case and business . But now C. Caesar conceives , The Sempronian Act was made concerning Roman Citizens , whereas he , that is an Enemy to the State , can by no means be a Citizen . In a word , that● The very Maker of the Sempronian Act , by Order of the People was executed for his Treason . He too , does not think , that , Lentulus the Prodigal , an● the great Corrupter of the People● having so bitterly and cruelly plotte● th● subversion of the State● an● the destruction of the City , can be called popular . Therefore like ● soft and good natured man , h● sticks not to commit P. Lentulus to everlasting Chains and darkness ● and enacts for the future , That no one , may vaunt himself in the release ●f his punishment , and com● to be popular to the ruin of the State ● He further adds , The Confisc●tion of their Goods , that the want a●● begg●ry of the body may follow 〈◊〉 the torments of the Soul. 11. Wherefore , whether you shall conclude upon this , you will furnish ●e with a Companion to the Assembly , that is beloved and ●aking with the Roman People , or , if you shall follow that other Vote of Silanus , you will easily justifie me and your selves from any aspersion of Cruelty , and I shall have it granted that that was far the gentler Cause . Although , my Lords , what Cruelty can there be in punishing the Inhumanity of so great Treason . Now I judge as I am sensible of the nature of the fact ; for so may you and I long enjoy the quiet of the State , as my earnestness in this case does not proceed from any bitterness of spirit : ( for who can be milder than I ? ) but from a king of singular tenderness and compassion● For me thinks I see this City , the light of the whole world , and the Cittadel of all Nations of a sudden sinking in one Con●●agration : I see in my mind my Countrey buried , heaps of Citizens , miserable and unburied , the Look of Cethegus , and his rage swaggering in your slaughte● passes before my eyes . 12. But when I consider Lentulus , upon the Throne , as himsel● confessed , that he expected by Prophesies , this Gabinius his Cou●tier clad in Purple , Catilin● come with his Army ; then ● dread the shrieks of honest Women , and the ●light of Virgins and Boys , and the haling of Vestal Priestesses ; now because these things seem to me miserable an● pitiful in the Excess ; therefore I shew my self severe and earnes● against those , who designed to accomplish them . For I put the case , if any Master of a Family having had his Children dashed i● pieces by his Servant , his Wife killed , and his House burnt should no● in●lict a most sore punishment upon the Slave , were he to be thought gentle and merciful● or a most inhumane and cruel creature ? In truth I should think him hard-hearted and senseless that should not ease his own grief and torment with the grief and torment of the Malefacto●● So we towards those men , which would murder us , ou● Wives , and our Children , who endeavoured to raze the particular House of every one of us , and this General Seat of the E●pir● , who attempted to place the Nation of the Allobroges in the ruins of this City , and in the ashes of the Consumed Empire . If we shall be most eager , we shall be accounted merciful● if we shall be slack , we must undergo the infamy of the greatest Cruel●y● in the destruction of our Countrey and Countreymen . 13. Unless perchance , (f) L. Caesar , a most valiant and well-affected Patriot might be thought the other day by any one somewhat cruel ; when ●e said his Brother in Law , the Husband of his own (g) Sister , a most vertuous Lady , when he was there presen● and in hearing , must be put to death ; when he further said , that , His Grandfather was slain by the Order of the Consul , and his young So● Ambassador from the Father , executed in the Prison ; whose action how far short came it of this ? What Plot was there laid to confound the Common●wealth ? (h) A corrupt humor of pro●useness was then stirring in the State , and a kind of stickling for parties . Now at that time the Grandfather of this Lentulus , an honourable person , in Arms pursued Gracchus , and then received in his Body a sore hurt , that the Majesty of the State might in no point receive abatement . This here present to subvert the foundations of the State , called in the Gauls , raised the Slaves , invited Catiline , allotted us to be assassinated by Cethegus , the other Citizens to be murdered by Gabinius , the City to be set a fire by Cassius , all Italy to be laid wast and plundered by Catiline . You may be timorous , I warrant you , lest in so barbarous and unnatu●al a Treason you may be thought to have passed too severe a Sentence , when ye ought much rather to dread least by remissness of punishment you should be rather judged cruel to your Countrey , than by severity of Execution , too vigorous towards its most bitter Enemies . 14. But , my Lords , I cannot conceal , what I hear boldly spoken ; for words are given out , which are come to my ears , of some as would seem to fear my having strength enough to put in execution what you shall this day enact . All things are provided , ready , and concluded upon , my Lords , both by my great care and diligence , as also by the far greater forwardness of the Roman People to retain their Empire , and preserve their common ●●rt●nes : All men of all ranks , nay of all ages are here : The Market-Place is full ; all the Avenues of this House and Temple are full : For since the foundation of the City , this is the onely case has arrived , wherein all persons are of one and the same mind , excepting those who seeing themselves must perish , choose rather to pull down all than to fall alone . 15. These men I am willing to exclude and separate ; for neither do I reckon them in the number of bad Citizens , but of most desperate Enemies . But the rest now ( Immortal Gods ! ) with what concourse , with what earnestness , with what courage , do they conspire to the common honour and safety ? (i) What do I mention here the Roman Knights , that so render to you in supremacy of Order and Counsel , as that in good affections to their Countrey , they contend with you ; whom after many years dissention this day and this Cause joyns to us , having reduced them to an agreement and unity with our Order , which Conjunction consummated in my Consulship , if we shall hold steadily in the Common-wealth I assure you , no civil and home-bred mischief shall hereafter accrue to any part of the State. I see the Commissioners of the Treasury , most courageous persons ; and also all the Clerks have flocked hither with the like affection to defend the State , whom this day having casually drawn to the Treasury , I see to be turned from attendance upon their Lot to the Common Safety . All the multitude of Freemen assists , even of the meanest . 16. For who is there , to whom these Temples● the very face of the City , possession of Liberty , in a word , this very light , and this common ground of his Countrey , is not both dear and also sweet and delightful ? It is worth the while , my Lords , to observe the Factions of the Freedmen , who having by their industry purchased the fort●ne of the City , judge this in truth to be their own Countrey . Whereas (k) some bo●● here , and born in the highest rank , have not judged it their Count●ey , but an Enemi●s City . But why do I mention men of this rank , whom their private fortunes , whom the Common State , whom , lastly , that liberty , which is most sweet , has raised to defend the safety of their Countrey ? There is no Slave , that is but in a tolerable condition of service , but dreads , but desires to withstand the audaciousness of desperate Citizens , but contributes as much as he dares , and as much as he can , to the common endeavour after safety . 17. Wherefore , if what hath been said , do chance to weigh with any of you , that a certain Pimp of Lentulus's , bustles about the Shops , hoping that the minds of indigent and simple men may be wrought upon with money ; such a thing indeed was set on foot , and attempted ; but there were none found so much either in fortune miserable , or in Principles debauched , but desired that very (l) place of his Stall and work and daily earnings , (m) but his bare lodging and bed ; (n) nay , but the very idle course of their life , to be in safety : yea far the greatest part of Shop-keepers , or in truth ( for it should rather be so said ) that whole Rank is very fond of peace ; for all their Tools , all their day-labour and gain is supported by the populousness of the Towns , and cherished by peace ; whose gain , if it be impaired at the Shutting up of their Shops , what would become of it , at the burning of them ? 18. Which things being so , my Lords , you do not want the Guards of the Roman People , look to it , that ye be not thought wanting to the People of Rome . You have a Consul reserved from many dangers and plots , and from the midst of death ; not for his own life , but for your safety : All ●anks do conspire in mind , affection , endeavour , courage and voice , to preserve the State : The common Countrey , beset with Fire-brands , and the Weapons of the unnatural Conspiracy , humbly holds forth her hand to you : To you comments her self , to you the life of all her Citizens , to you the Tower and Capitol , to you the Altars of the Houshold Gods , to you the continual and everlasting Fire of (o) Vesta ; to you all the Temples and Oratories of the Gods ; to you the Battlements and Houses of the City . Besides , this day you must pass judgment upon your own Lives , the Breath of your Wives and Children , the Fortunes of all , your Houses and Healths . 11. You have a Lead●r , regarding you , forgetting himself , an opportunity not alwayes given . You have all Ranks , all Men , ●ll the Roman People , which in a Civil Case we now first behold in one and the same mind . Consider , how one Night has almost confounded an Empire , founded with what Labours ? A liberty established upon what Valour ? Fortunes improved and raised , by what bounty of the Gods ? That such a thing may never herea●ter be not onely effected , but contrived ; you must this day provide . Nor have I spoken all this to press you , who in your affections do almost out-run me : but that my voice , which ought to be leading in the Government , may appear to have discharged the duty of a Consul . 20. Now before I come home to my Vote , I 'll premise a word concerning my sel● . I see that I have drawn upon my self so great a multitude of Enemies as is the Party of the Conspirators , which you perceive to be very great ; but I judge to be base and weak , contemptible and lost . But if in any time to come that Party , headed by the fury and treachery of any person , shall come to be more prevalent than your Honour and that of the State ; yet I shall never repent , my Lords , of my Actions and Counsels : For Death , with which perchance they menace m● , is appointed for all ; but so great a praise of life , as you by your Acts have honoured me with , no one has attained to : For , ye have voted to all others alwayes Thanks for having well-served ; but to me alone , for having preserv'd the State. 21. Let that Scipio be renowned , by whose Conduct and Valour Hannibal was obliged to face about into Africa and quit Italy ● Let the other Africanus be adorned with excellent praise , who razed two Cities most incensed against this Empire , Carthage and Numantia : Let Lu. Pa●lu● be accounted an extraordinary person , whose Chariot , the once most puiss●nt and noble King Perses honoured : Let M●rius be in eternal renown , who freed Italy ●rom Siege and the fear of Bondage : Let Pompey be advanced beyond them all , whose actions and gallantries are contained in ●he ●ame Coun●r●ys and Bounds , as the course of the Sun. There will be in truth amidst the praises of these persons , some room for our Glory ; unless perchance it (p) be more to open us Provinces , whither we may escape ; than to look that they that are absent , may have a place , whi●her they may return victorious . 22. Although in one point the Condition of a Foreign Victory is better than that o● a Domestical one ; because Ou●landish Enemies either are subdued and brought into bondage , or reconciled , and judge themselves obliged by that favour . But they which from the Rank of Citizens , depraved by some false Principle , are on●e turned Enemies to their Coun●rey , when you have put ●hem by their mischievous intentions , you can neither by Force restrain , nor by any kindness reconcile : Wherefore I see I have entred into an implac●ble quarrel with revol●ed Citizens , which yet I have good confidence may be by your and all honest mens assistance , and thorow the memory of those grea● dangers , which shall alwayes stick not onely in this people , which has been preserved , but also in the discourses and minds of all Nations , fairly beaten off from me and mine . Nor indeed shall there ever be found any so great power which can infringe and shake the Union that is between you and the Roman Knights , and such an harmony of all ●he well-affected . 23. Which things being so , my Lords , instead of a Generalship of an Army , of a Government , which I have neglected ; Instead of a Triumph and other Badges of Pra●se , which have been slighted by me , in rega●d of the Cities and your preservation : Instead of Clients and Provincial Friendships , which yet with my Estate in Town , I do with no less labour support than purchase : Instead therefore of all these things , and in reward of my singular affections towards you , and for this diligence , which ye behold in preserving the State , I require nothing more of you , but the remembrance of this time and my whole Consulship , which , while it shall continue fixed in your minds , I shall judge my self incircled with a most impenetrable wall . But if the (p) violence of of the ill-affected , shall deceive and over-match my expectation , I commend to you my little (q) Son , who assuredly shall have guard enough , not onely for preservation , but also for honour , if ye shall remember , that he is his Son , who has alone at his own peril preserved the whole State. 24. Wherefore , My Lords , Resolve cautiously , as ye have begun , and stoutly , concerning your own and the Roman Peoples Being , that lies at Stake , concerning , your Wives and Children , concerning your Temples and Religious Places , concerning the Houses and Mansions of the whole City , concerning Empire and Liberty , concerning the safety of Italy , and concerning the whole Common-wealth ; for ye have a Consul , who shall never dispute to follow your Orders , and is able , whatsoever you shall decree , as long as he shall live , to defend and by his own interest maintain . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A33148-e700 (a) Much of the divisions in the Popular State of Rome , was about a Levelling the State , in such sort a● that the over-weal●hiness of some Grandees , and extream indigence of the Generality , might be taken away , and a middle Proportion of Estates , the very soul of Democracy , might be establish'd ; to support Marriage and enable to Warfare , two great Instruments of Empire . To effect this , C. Licinlus Stolo procur'd a Law , limiting each Citizen within the possession of 500 Acres ; and also to a rate of great and small Ca●tl● and Servants to keep them But as this Law was above 120 years e'r it could be obtain'd , so within less than 200 years i● was undermin'd and quite overthrowns and all Italy found ingrossed into the Hands of a few Lords , who leas'd it out to Slaves and Barbarians . This mischief C. Laeli●s sought first to redress , but was wrought off by the Wealthy Party , and thereby acquir'd the Title of the Wise. Then Tiberius Gracchus undertook the reviving of it , with the Advice of Crassus the High-Priest , Mucius Scaevola , the Eminent Lawyer , then Consul , and Appius Claudius his Father-in-Law ; upon most moderate condi●ions , not of restori●g the Lands illegally held and refunding the mean profits , but of parting with them for a valuable consideration , to their poor ●ellow-Citizens ( himself , his Fa●her-in-Law Appiu●●laudius , and his Brother C. Gracchus being Ioynt-Commissioners for the dividing those Lands . ) and contenting themselves with 500 Acres , and their Children with half as much . Yet in the very publishing of it , he was taken off , as was su●pos'd● by Scipio Na●ic● , who was , through the envy of the Fact , fain to retire from his Countrey . (b) Sp. Melius for distributing Corn to the Commons in tim● of great Dearth , fell under suspicion of affecting a Supremacy : Hereupon Qu. Cincinnatus is made Dictator , or Protector , and Captain General ; ( an Officer not appointed but in time of great fea● , and to continue but Six Moneths ) he nominates Q. Servilius Ahala his Lieutenant General or Magister Equi●um ; who summoning Sp. Melius , upon his non-appearance before him , sent and stab'd him . (c) An order for the Safety of the Common-w●alth . Hereby wa● committed to the Consuls a Power of levying War and executing Martial Law upon Citizen of Ally , not allow'd but in case of extream danger . (d) C. Gracchus ca●ry'd on the design of his Brother and among other Laws , that of dividing ●he Lands of Conquest ; hims●lf , M. Fulvius ●laccus and Papi●ius Carbo being Ioynt-Commissioners : ●he two former were slain by Order of L. Opinius , and the Son of M. Fulvius sent to intercede for hi● Father , being a comely and bashful youth , when sent back , with charge of coming no more , returning , by his Fathers order was cruelly kill'd in prison , having nev●r bore Arms. L. Opinius was after upon some occasion condemn'd and banish'd . (e) Salust reckons up xi Senators of the Conspiracy , Lentulus , Antonius , Longinus , Cethegus , P , & Ser. Sulla , Vargunteius , Annius , Lecca , Bestia , & Curius . (f) C. Cornelius Sulls and M. C●●●thegus . Appian . Salust joyns with C. Cornelius , L. V●●●gunteiu● , but him he had nominated as a Sen●tor before . (g) He is reported ●o have marry'd her that w●s judg'd his Daughter , to have kill'd his Brother , and got him after he was dead excepted from pa●don . (h) He is imply'd to have made ●way his first Wife , to make ● room for Aurelia Orestilla ; whom , because she did not like to have a grown Step-son , he is also recorded to have gra●ifi'd with the taking him also off out of the way . (i) When L. ●orqua●u● and L. Cotta design'd ●onsuls , were to ●nter upo● their Office , L. Catiline , P. An●ronius , and C. Piso , about th● 5 th of December conspir'd to kill them ; afterw●rds they put it off to the 5 th of the following February , what tim● they combin'd no● only to kill th● Consuls , bu● most of th● Senators● which had been effected , had not Catiline been ●ver-forward to give the word , before all the Conspirators we●e m●t together : this was two years past , and is call'd his former Conspiracy . (k) It was forbidden to wear Arms in the Place of Assembly , in the Iudgment Hall ; and in the 〈◊〉 ● (l) T● pass by those of lesser mark● he slew of those in the Black Book o● Sulla , L. Caecilius , M. Volumenius , L. Tanusiu● , and M. Marius , Gratidianus , one dear to the People and intimate with Tully , whose ●eeking head and full of spirits , be carried in his hand to Sulla , from the one end of the City , beyond the Bridge , to the other . (m) When L. Catiline was Chief Iustice in the Province of Africa , he so pillag'd the subject , that he was accus'd of Bribery by Clodius , whom he so corrupted , that he shamefully betray'd the Cause , and so came off ; again being indicted of Murder , for his many slaughters in the Action of Sulla , by the favour of the Nobility , who favour'd Sulla , he was clear'd . (n) The Heathens had a strong Su●erstition about the accidents , or Voices of Birds or Men , particularly at the Entring upon a Journey , especially in any great Undertaki●g ● that they were ominous , if good , to the ●lessing , if bad , to the Blasting their Design . Therefore he thus ●oe-speaks ill success to his design'd Expedition . (o) This being spoken in the Temple of Jupiter S●ator , hath a greater presence of 〈◊〉 and Dev●tion , and a kind of solemn Excommunication , some Image of ●hich was even among the Heathens in use towards men guil●y of Treasons , Murders , and such high Misdemeanors . Notes for div A33148-e3070 (a) Stabbing was infamous in all Ages , whence those Braves or Assassines that were noted for Cowardly and Desperate lying in wait to murder men● were from the Ponyard which they carried , being in Latine Sica , called Sicar●i . (b) Mars's Field was a piece of Town ground ( the Ancient Crown-land ) which the Romans at the expu●si●n of Tarquin the Proud , seized and converted to the use of Electing their Magistrates in it . Now there was a Statu●e in Rome , Tha● none should bring a Weapon in● to the Place for Assembly of the People , nor into the Senate , nor into the Iudgment Hall. But Catiline had in ● former Conspiracy come to the Consular Election arm'd , with design t● cut off the Consuls . And now Tully some few dayes before , at the late Election of Consuls , as going in fear of his life , had come into the Field of Mars , wearing a great remarkable Coat of Male. (c) Pompey had a● that time clear'd the Mediterranean of Pirates , and had well-nigh dispatch'd the long Wa● with Mithridates King of Pontus . (d) It was a fundam●ntal Law in Rom● of the XII . Tabl●s , not to h●ld Night Me●●ings within the City● and there was a ●●●binian S●●tute , Q●● conciones ullas cl●ndestinas in 〈◊〉 ● be con●●avisset , more majorum capitall sup●licio mult●retur . Po●tius Latr●● , H● that s●all draw tog●ther 〈◊〉 Meeting● within 〈◊〉 City● 〈◊〉 suffer th● pains of High Treason , which was with the Romans to 〈◊〉 ●yed to ●he Whipping-Post , scourg'd , and beheaded . (e) Ca●iline leaving the Town , wrote Le●ters upon the way to his friends and the Prime of the Nobility , that being he saw hims●lf ●ircumvent●d by false Accusation , and could ●ot withstand the 〈…〉 of his 〈…〉 with dr●●n to 〈◊〉 se●●les ; 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 no● 〈◊〉 he we●● conscio●● 〈◊〉 himself of any such crime , but to prevent all occasion● 〈◊〉 ●●●t●rbing the publick Peace . 〈◊〉 is ● famous Port in France , planted from Asia in 〈◊〉 ●imes of the Persian Empire ; of old renown'd for 〈◊〉 , ●ith other Vertues , Policy , Learning , and an emi●ent aff●ction to th● Roman State. (f) In Cases of extraordinary publick Necessities , there have been fram'd Acts or P●oclamations , for the Releasing all old Debts to a certain day . Such was the Jubilee among the Hebrews , such the Act call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 among the Greek● , as t●●se Novae Tabulae of the Romans ; and such in some measure are Acts in these later times , for the releasing of poor Prisone●● , that shall swear themselves not worth 5 or 10 l. (g) Like the Fish●rm●n in ●he Fable , who troubled the Waters , ●hat ●e might c●tch the ●ore Fish. (h) Sulla having overthrown the Marian Party and master'd the State , plac'd his Victorious Army in the attainted Lands ; which h● divided amongst 47 Legions . (i) The measure of commendable and proper habit , is such as either conduc●th to , or at least consists with readiness of Action in every ones place ; therefore the Romans condemned in Men , especially Souldiers , Garments with Sleeves and Trains . (k) To sing , play on Instruments of Musick and dance curiously , were qualisications of no credit at Rome , and look'd upon as light and aiery , nor suitable to the Roman gravity , but in high esteem among the Grecians . (l) A ridg● of Hills running the length of Italy North and South from the Alps to the Streight of Sicily . Notes for div A33148-e4880 (a) When Romulus was for his absolute and rough disposition in Government , torn in pieces ( as some suspected ) by the Senate : the same senate to allay the grief of the People and colour that Action , voted him Divine Honours : what time also Julius P●oculus a Roma● Knight , made Oath that he had app●ared to him in a Shape more excellent than humane , and by him sent a certain Message to the Senate , upon which depended the future glory of that Empire . (b) Pons Milvius a Town two Mile from Rome i● the Via Flaminia , where was a Bridge over the Tyber not unlike our Bow-Brid●e . (c) Towns where Mark●ts were kept ev●ry Ninth day , and Causes heard , or Sessions and Assizes held , w●re call'd Prae●ecturae . Reate is a Town of the Sabines , the very Navel o● It●ly and Countrey of Varro . (d) Absolu●ion ] Marcia and Licinia were absolv'd by L. Metellus High Priest , with the whole Colledge , onely Aemilia condemn'd for Incest . (e) Bu●ning ] L. Scipio and Norban●s being Consuls , the Capitol which had stood from the time of the Kings 400 years and upward , and was before the Vsurpation of Sulla burnt . (f) The ●east of Saturn was the 19 th of December , what time the whole City us'd to go to the Moun● Aventine , there to sacrifice and keep Festival as it were in the Countrey . The Chief Magistrates were therefore then to be out of Town , and much licence allow'd the Apprentices and Slaves , who were for that time of mis-rule exempted from the commands of their Masters . (g) P Lentulus was a Nobleman , that year one of the Eight Pretores U●bani , or Chief Iustices of Rom● , In speaking , his ma●ter and language however indifferent , yet the Comliness of his Person , Gesture of his Body , full of Art and Gracefuln●ss , a sweet and loud Voice , did wonderfully set off . (h) That he wanted not confidenc● , may be j●dg'd by 〈…〉 for bei●g press'd for ●aving cheated the State , he jok'd in the Senate , he could not give his Accounts , bu● must hold hi● Legg ( as e● Boys-play , they that miss the Ball ) to be s●ung a● . Legg is 〈◊〉 Surname of that Family , and given him as a Nick-name . Also in a certain Trial having brib'd the Iudges , and coming off by t●● Voices , ●e said , I here was so much money lost as the other had , when it had been enough to have come off by one Voice . They w●●● committed not into th● publick ●aole but confin'd under the custody of c●rtain Great m●n . (i) P. ●●●●tulus to P. Lentulus Spinther who was then Aedili● ( an Officer a● a Mayor . ) (k) C. Cethegus to Q. Cornificius . (l) L. Statilius to C. Caesar. (m) P. Gabinius to M. Crassus . Onely these four were then taken (n) In case they should be taken . (o) A Burgess of Terracina● who having inti●●tion that the Plot was discovered● attempted to fli● but● was ta●en 〈◊〉 the way and● brought tres●●c● , h● was acc●●●ingly committed to Co. Terentius the Senator . (p) The form of his degrading from the Chief Iustice-ship was such , that he was disrob'd of his Scarlet Gown in the Senat● , and put on Mourning Weeds suitabl● to his condition , as being a Criminal under Tryal . (q) As w● engross our Acts of Parliament and ●ile the Originals up in the Records ; so the ancient Roma●s when their Law had been the third Market-day approv'd by the People , engrav'd it in Brass Tables and laid it up in th● Treasury . The XII . Tables so engrav'd , were laid up in the Tower. (r) P. Sulpitius a Tr●bune of the Commons , would hav● got certain Laws passed ; the Consuls oppose ; he wi●h the favour of Marius fal●s upon them and kills the Son of Q. Pompey , who w●s Son in Law of Sulla t●e other Consul ; Sulla brings up his Army ●o Town , overthrows the Tribunes , and exc●p●s from pardon for Life or Estate , 12 men , whereof P. Sulpi●i●s is taken and slain ; but Marius by ship got over to Africa , C. Marius is called the Preserver of Rome , because he ov●rthrew two powerful and victorious Armies of the Gauls pressing into Italy , the one at Ambrun , the other at Aix l● Chappelle . (s) C. Cornelius Cinna would have got certain Laws pass'd when L. Sulla was abroad ; Cn. Octavius the other Consul forc'd him away by the overthrow of his party in Town , d●graded him from the Consulship , and proclaim'd him a Rebel and T●aitor . (t) Cinna afterwards gathered forces in Italy , and Marius coming over joyns with him ; as also Sertorius and Cn. Ca●ho , they march up in four Bodies and take Rome . (u) Cn. Octavius the Consul , Q. Catulus , ● . Merula the Priest of● Jupiter , M Antony and C. Caesar two most eminent Orators , Crassus the Father and Son , and other Noblemen of the adverse party without number were slain ; the S●nate met him ; as he pass'd by them with a Band of Slaves at his heels , whomsoever he did not reach out his hands to salut● them , the Slaves presently slew . (x) Sulla upon the ●ews of this pieces up a Peace with Mithridates and brings home his Army into Italy , overthrows his adversaries , but then h● fill'd the City and all Italy with slaughter , kill'd 90 Senators , of which 1● were Consular men ; 2600 Knights , 70000 Roman Citizens in cold blood , over and above innumerable slain in Battel . (y) Eith●r b●cause it w●● fresh in memory , or for the atrocity of the fact . (z) M. Lepidus about the funeral and disanulling the Acts of Sulla , Q. Ca●ulus ( Son of Q. Catulus ●bove ) said to be slain by Cinna , when their Consulship was ended , they sought it out in the Campus Martius , where Lepidus being beaten , ●●ed into Sardinia , and there died a natural death . (a) Preferment . (b) Triumph . (c) Statue . M. Cato the Elder said● I had rather men shoul● enquire why has Cato no Im●ge ? than why hath h● one ? And Agesilaus the L●cedemonia● General when the Greeks in sia had order'd him Stat●es to b● se● up in their most famous Cities , wrote to them to this purpose , Let there be no Picture nor Molten or Graven Image of me ; and dying , requested the like ●f his Friends ; for if , saith he , I have done any worthy Action , that will of it self be my Monument : but if not , all Statues that can be made , can be no Monument to me . Alike m●deration of spirit Tully pres●rv'd , when having been Pr●consul or Lieutenant of Asia , and gov●rn'd in that Charge with great integrity , would yet admit onely verbal ackno●ledgments , but continued to refuse erecting Statues to him . (d) Pompey and Caesar . Notes for div A33148-e8130 (a) Q. Cicero . (b) Terrentia . c Tullia . (d) M. Tullius the younger . (e) Crassipes was the first husband of Tullia , after , she married Dolabella ( here present ) and last of all 〈◊〉 . Piso. Here is to be noted the decorum which was observed , that his Brother and Son-in-Law wore at several distances present , to move compassion , the Women and little Child kept at home . (a) In 〈◊〉 Roman D●mocracy ●elonies and Mu●ders ●er● not p●nishable by Death nor ●o●fe●ture of Estate , but the Party convict was banish'd and lost his Freedom , which wa● all that they imply'd in the common acceptance of what the● te●med a Capital Offence or Punishment . Th● instance● of those that under colour of High Treason were put to dea●h , have been in all the Ages of that State but rare a●d numerable ; such as seem to have much of violence upon je●lousies of a prevailing party ; for ought app●ars in Histo●y no● v●ry 〈◊〉 grounded , rather than any crimes du●y proved , ●s suspicions of desiring th● A●●●r●tion of St●te or affecta●●on of usurping a Kingly Power , upon an interpret●tion of some Actio●● that might alike flow from men of Publick Spirits , but othe●wise the Priviledge or ind●ed Prerogative of the Citizen and Fre●man of Rome● was no● grown almost un●ounded . The Valerian , th● Porcian , the Sempronian Law● ha● so fenced the Persons of that Imperial P●ople from suffering , and wer● so largely interpr●t●d in their favour by Po●ular Governours , that it was made a Question , 〈◊〉 h●re , whethe● D●●th o●●n● other Corporal Punishm●nt , migh● in any case be i●●●ict●d by ●he M●gistrate upon a Roman Citiz●n● T●e N●gative of which Caesar maintain● . To which absurdity the G●ver●ment of a Fr●e Stat● naturally reduces it self ; for wher● the Majesty is in ●ll , ther● the P●rsons of all ar●●acr●d , and thi● is ●ota libert●● , or the very dissolution of Government , and alike demonstrates the Perfe●tion of Monarchy , where Law ha●● the largest extent and Authority the high●st ●a●ction . (f) L. ●●●sar be●or● 〈◊〉 gave his Vote against Len●ul●s● made a Preface to excuse his Alliance , and shew h● was not unse●sible of his Sisters calamity , though bound in duty to tender the publick s●fety . (g) Julia the Aunt of C. Caesar and Relict of M. An●o●ius Criticus , the son of M. Antony the Orator and father of M. Antony the Tri●mvir , afterwards married P. Lentulus● Plutarch notes that the execution of him was th● ground of that deep g●udge which was in M● Antony ever after , and at last cost ●ully his life . (h) C. G●acchus his Laws were to give the Souldiers Cloaths over and above Pay , to distribute ●●rn amongs● th● Poor by ●ickets constantly , to divide Lands of Conquest by way of Plantations . To give the Italians equal Voices with the Romans in choice of Magistrates , to appoint an equal num●er of Knights to be Iudges , as was before of Senators onely . To make● it punishable if any Magistrate should put a Roman Citizen to death uncondemn'd , that is , without a particular Order from the general Assembly of the People● and a seventh to limit the Age of being press'd to the Wars to 17 years and upward . (i) There had been a long contest from the times of the Gracchi between the Senate and Knights about being Iudges . The Sempronian Law admitted the Knights , this continu'd some 50 years , L Sulla settled it on the Senators onely . These prov'd very corrupt ; afterwards the Aurelian Law made by Aur. Cotta , divided the power equally bet●een the Senators , the Knights , and the Commissioners of the Treasury at Wars . (k) T●e Sen●tors were omitted in the begining of this Enumeration , as being there present , to and before whom h● spoke , and so unnecessary to be mention'd . Yet the Fact on that secretly f●vor●● ●●tiline , was so great in the House , that he sorely taxes them , though obliquely , in this passage . (l) Tradesmen and Shop-keep●rs . (m) Iourneymen and Labourers . (n) Loy●ter●●s and Beggars . (o) There was no Image of Vesta , but a fire burning constantly on the Altar , and k●pt by Virgins . A Cus●ome that s●ems to have been derived from the Chaldaeans , ●ho worship● Fire . (p) A plain Allusion to the Complement that Pompey put upon Cicero coming to congratulate him at his return from the overthrow of Mithridates ; when in the hearing of many he said he should have lost his labour in bringing up ● Third Triumph , had not Tully oblig'd the State by preserving a place wherein he might Triumph ; for it might be suppos'd that ●h●s : ●rati●n was finish'd afterwards , when pu●lish'd by Tully . (p) Two ye●rs afte● Tully was banish'd upon the score of this h●ving executed the Conspirators , by P. Clodiu● ; and eighteen years after had his Head and Hands cut off by the Son in ●a● of P. Lentulus , M. Antony . (q) Octavius Augus●us accordingly in process of time took M. ●ullius , Cicero 's Son , to be his Colleague in the Consulship , and gratifi'd him with liberty to throw down a●l the Statues of M. Anton● , and to enact that none of the Family of the An●onies should ever af●er be nam'd Mark.