The original and growth of the Spanish monarchy united with the House of Austria extracted from those chronicles, annals, registers, and genealogies that yeild [sic] any faithful representation how the houses of Castile, Aragon and Burgundy became knit and combin'd by Thomas Philipot ...
         Philipot, Thomas, d. 1682.
      
       
         
           1664
        
      
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         60538
         
           
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             The original and growth of the Spanish monarchy united with the House of Austria extracted from those chronicles, annals, registers, and genealogies that yeild [sic] any faithful representation how the houses of Castile, Aragon and Burgundy became knit and combin'd by Thomas Philipot ...
             Philipot, Thomas, d. 1682.
          
           [8], 264 p. : port.
           
             Printed by W.G. for R. Taylor ...,
             London :
             1664.
          
           
             "Imprimatur October 27, 1663 Roger L'Estrange"--P. [8].
             Alphabetical gazetteers on p. 65-87.
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Spain -- Kings and rulers.
           Spain -- History.
           Spain -- History -- House of Austria, 1516-1700.
        
      
    
     
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               PHILIPPVS
               IV
               HISPANIARVMET
               INDIARVM
               REX
               CATHOLICVS
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           Original
           and
           Growth
           OF
           The
           Spanish
           MONARCHY
           United
           with
           the
           HOUSE
           of
           AUSTRIA
           .
           Extracted
           from
           those
           Chronicles
           ,
           Annals
           ,
           Registers
           and
           Genealogies
           ,
           that
           yeild
           any
           faithful
           Representation
           how
           the
           Houses
           of
           
             Castile
             ,
             Aragon
          
           and
           Burgundy
           became
           knit
           and
           combin'd
           into
           one
           Body
           .
           To
           which
           are
           added
           several
           Discourses
           of
           those
           Accessions
           and
           Improvements
           in
           
             Italy
             ,
             Africk
          
           ,
           with
           the
           East
           and
           West-Indies
           ,
           that
           are
           now
           annexed
           by
           Alliance
           or
           Conquest
           to
           the
           Diadem
           of
           SPAIN
           .
        
         
           By
           THOMAS
           PHILIPOT
           M.
           A.
           Formerly
           of
           Clare-Hall
           in
           Cambridge
           .
        
         
           London
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             W.
             G.
          
           for
           
             R.
             Taylor
          
           ,
           in
           
             St.
             Martins
             le
             Grand
          
           neer
           St.
           
             Leonards
             Church
             yard
          
           .
           1664.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           To
           the
           Learned
           and
           Judicious
           St
           RICHARD
           FANSHAVV
           Knight
           and
           Baronet
           ,
           One
           of
           HIS
           MAJESTIES
           most
           Honourable
           PRIVY
           COUNCIL
           ,
           and
           Design'd
           Lord
           Ambassador
           for
           Spain
           .
        
         
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
          
        
         
           YOur
           Experience
           and
           practical
           Observation
           being
           the
           best
           Comment
           on
           those
           Annals
           and
           Registers
           which
           have
           an
           Aspect
           on
           this
           ensuing
           Treatise
           ;
           Give
           me
           leave
           to
           offer
           it
           up
           to
           be
           Scann'd
           and
           Winnowed
           by
           your
           particular
           scrutinie
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           shall
           receive
           its
           Approbation
           in
           your
           Vogue
           and
           
           Estimate
           ,
           I
           fear
           no
           Blot
           from
           the
           Common
           Suffrage
           .
           For
           I
           shall
           not
           Fear
           that
           Justice
           ,
           which
           is
           so
           even
           and
           Impartial
           ;
           nor
           despair
           to
           find
           an
           Absolution
           there
           where
           the
           former
           is
           mixt
           and
           complicated
           with
           so
           much
           Charity
           and
           Candor
           .
           And
           I
           dare
           with
           much
           Confidence
           expect
           to
           be
           Assoil'd
           by
           the
           Publique
           Decision
           ,
           if
           once
           it
           shall
           appear
           that
           Your
           Private
           Determination
           hath
           discharged
           and
           acquitted
        
         
           
             (
             My
             Lord
             )
          
           
             Your
             very
             humble
             Servant
             THOMAS
             PHILIPOT
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           Preface
           to
           the
           Reader
           .
        
         
           
             Courteous
             Reader
             ,
          
        
         
           SInce
           the
           Printing
           off
           the
           first
           Sheets
           of
           this
           Treatise
           ,
           the
           signal
           Battel
           was
           Commenced
           between
           
             Don
             John
          
           of
           Austria
           ,
           and
           the
           
             Conde
             de
             Villaflore
          
           General
           for
           the
           Portugal
           ,
           where
           (
           after
           an
           eager
           and
           Blo●●●
           Debate
           )
           the
           Spanish
           Grandeur
           did
           so
           sink
           in
           the
           Fatal
           Carnage
           of
           that
           Field
           ,
           that
           many
           Conjecture
           (
           how
           truely
           or
           falsly
           I
           know
           not
           )
           it
           will
           not
           buoy
           up
           again
           ,
           (
           at
           least
           for
           some
           years
           )
           from
           that
           important
           Ruine
           .
           Nor
           hath
           a
           lesse
           Destructive
           Wound
           been
           lately
           inflicted
           on
           the
           House
           of
           Austria
           by
           the
           
             Turkish
             Scimeter
          
           ,
           which
           hath
           lopped
           off
           New-hausel
           from
           the
           Dominion
           
           and
           Interest
           of
           the
           Emperour
           ;
           which
           as
           it
           hath
           a
           dangerous
           prospect
           towards
           
             Novigrad
             ,
             Cassovia
             ,
             Tokay
          
           ,
           and
           other
           Towns
           of
           the
           
             Upper
             Hungary
          
           ,
           so
           it
           hath
           a
           dismal
           Aspect
           on
           
             Moravia
             ,
             Austria
          
           ,
           and
           the
           residue
           of
           that
           Princes
           Hereditary
           Territories
           ;
           and
           from
           the
           Prejudice
           its
           Losse
           may
           probably
           super
           induce
           ,
           does
           tacitly
           seem
           to
           implore
           other
           Christian
           Princes
           to
           Concenter
           in
           a
           Noble
           and
           just
           Confederacy
           ,
           to
           stop
           the
           Impetuous
           Current
           of
           the
           Turkish
           Conquests
           ,
           which
           like
           an
           Inundation
           threaten
           (
           if
           not
           timely
           intercepted
           )
           to
           intombe
           not
           onely
           the
           House
           of
           Austria
           ,
           but
           Germany
           it self
           in
           a
           Ruinous
           Devastation
           .
           And
           since
           I
           am
           engaged
           in
           this
           Discourse
           of
           the
           Turkish
           Greatnesse
           ,
           you
           may
           be
           advertised
           that
           if
           this
           Essay
           find
           any
           acceptance
           in
           the
           Publique
           Estimate
           ,
           I
           shall
           represent
           in
           a
           Compendious
           ●●lume
           ,
           the
           Original
           and
           Growth
           of
           the
           Turkish
           Empire
           ,
           and
           from
           what
           a
           narrow
           Increment
           this
           Thracian
           Bramble
           hath
           shot
           out
           and
           improved
           it self
           to
           that
           Excrescencie
           ,
           that
           it
           hath
           not
           only
           by
           an
           unhappy
           Diffusion
           ,
           over-spread
           the
           Lesser
           Asia
           ,
           but
           a
           considerable
           part
           of
           Europe
           it self
           .
        
         
         
           I
           have
           no
           more
           to
           add
           but
           this
           ,
           that
           those
           Errors
           which
           through
           the
           Inadvertency
           of
           the
           Presse
           ,
           and
           peradventure
           too
           ,
           through
           my
           own
           ,
           have
           by
           an
           unhappy
           Intertexture
           been
           Imbodied
           with
           this
           Treatise
           ,
           (
           as
           namely
           ,
           Page
           19.
           line
           30.
           in
           my
           Discourse
           of
           Castile
           ,
           for
           
             Despois
             Nos
             Vos
          
           ,
           read
           
             Despues
             de
             Nos
             Vos
          
           .
           and
           then
           line
           31.
           for
           
             No
             es
             Lover
          
           read
           
             No
             ay
             Lugar
          
           .
           And
           in
           my
           Discourse
           of
           Portugal
           ,
           Page
           26.
           line
           25.
           for
           
             John
             the
             fourth
          
           ,
           is
           inserted
           
             John
             the
             fifth
          
           )
           have
           made
           this
           Treatise
           and
           my Self
           the
           Object
           of
           your
           Charity
           .
           There
           may
           possibly
           occur
           other
           Mistakes
           of
           a
           lesser
           Dimension
           ,
           on
           which
           you
           may
           exercise
           at
           once
           ,
           both
           your
           Justice
           and
           your
           Candour
           ;
           with
           the
           first
           you
           may
           Censure
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           last
           excuse
        
         
           
             T.
             P.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           Imprimatur
           ,
        
         
           
             
               October
               27.
               1663.
               
            
          
           
             ROGER
             L'ESTRANGE
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           The
           ORIGINAL
           and
           GROVVTH
           OF
           THE
           SPANISH
           MONARCHY
           .
        
         
           
             THE
             Spanish
             Monarchy
             is
             like
             a
             tall
             Colossus
             swoln
             by
             new
             Acquists
             to
             that
             Bulk
             and
             Dimension
             that
             it
             bestrides
             almost
             two
             parts
             of
             the
             habitable
             World
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             Europe
             and
             America
             ,
             and
             indeed
             its
             glory
             hath
             in
             these
             latter
             ages
             arrived
             to
             that
             Eminence
             and
             Lustre
             ,
             both
             in
             its
             Latitude
             of
             Power
             ,
             and
             extent
             of
             Empire
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             by
             a
             successful
             competition
             grown
             almost
             corrival
             with
             the
             great
             Eye
             of
             the
             Day
             ,
             the
             Sun
             ,
             who
             both
             rises
             and
             sets
             in
             those
             Dominions
             which
             are
             subservient
             to
             the
             Interest
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Scepter
             .
             And
             though
             its
             Grandeur
             hath
             been
             lately
             Eclips'd
             ,
             and
             the
             wide
             circumference
             of
             its
             Jurisdiction
             and
             Command
             hath
             been
             contracted
             into
             a
             narrower
             Orb
             ,
             by
             the
             Revolt
             of
             Catalonia
             ,
             because
             its
             ancient
             Rights
             
             were
             invaded
             by
             
               Conde
               Olivarez
            
             ;
             and
             the
             total
             Defection
             of
             Portugal
             ,
             because
             its
             Native
             Franchises
             and
             Immunities
             were
             assaulted
             by
             Vasconcelos
             the
             Secretary
             ,
             and
             other
             ill
             Ministers
             of
             State
             ;
             yet
             is
             Catalonia
             by
             the
             valour
             and
             Magnanimity
             of
             
               John
               de
               Austria
            
             ,
             and
             the
             prudent
             Conduct
             of
             the
             Marquisse
             of
             Mortara
             ,
             almost
             retriv'd
             and
             again
             knit
             to
             the
             Spanish
             Patrimony
             ;
             nor
             did
             the
             Duke
             of
             St.
             German
             and
             the
             Marquiss
             of
             Viana
             not
             long
             since
             manage
             and
             improve
             the
             increasing
             Hopes
             of
             the
             Spaniard
             to
             lesse
             advantage
             in
             Portugal
             ;
             for
             since
             the
             Reduction
             of
             Olivenza
             by
             the
             first
             ,
             and
             the
             subduing
             of
             Monzon
             and
             Salvaterra
             on
             the
             River
             of
             Minho
             by
             the
             last
             ,
             that
             Crown
             and
             Scepter
             did
             then
             seem
             to
             shake
             ,
             and
             was
             fear'd
             (
             if
             not
             by
             a
             timely
             supply
             supported
             )
             it
             might
             have
             fallen
             from
             the
             Head
             and
             Hand
             of
             their
             own
             Native
             Soveraign
             ,
             to
             prostrate
             themselves
             at
             the
             Feet
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Monarch
             .
             But
             not
             long
             after
             ,
             the
             Victory
             of
             Elvase
             did
             so
             expiate
             these
             crooked
             and
             sinister
             accidents
             ,
             that
             the
             Diadem
             of
             Portugal
             that
             did
             before
             look
             somewhat
             dim
             ,
             did
             by
             this
             Conquest
             and
             other
             successes
             of
             a
             more
             modern
             Aspect
             ,
             seem
             to
             recover
             its
             primitive
             lustre
             .
          
           
             Having
             in
             this
             short
             Preface
             limn'd
             out
             a
             Compendious
             prospect
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Empire
             ,
             I
             shall
             now
             take
             a
             more
             full
             and
             serious
             view
             of
             all
             those
             Limbs
             which
             like
             so
             many
             Ingredients
             fall
             into
             the
             Composition
             of
             this
             great
             Body
             ;
             
             and
             first
             I
             shall
             consider
             those
             Provinces
             which
             lie
             immediately
             wrap'd
             up
             within
             the
             Verge
             of
             Spain
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             those
             which
             like
             so
             many
             Excrescencies
             have
             been
             annexed
             to
             this
             Scepter
             ,
             by
             the
             collateral
             Designs
             either
             of
             Marriage
             or
             Conquest
             .
             And
             thirdly
             ,
             those
             Islands
             and
             other
             Dominions
             and
             Principalities
             which
             lie
             scattered
             on
             the
             Continent
             either
             of
             the
             East
             or
             West-Indies
             ,
             and
             which
             by
             any
             modern
             Discovery
             have
             been
             successfully
             subdued
             and
             made
             Captive
             and
             Ministerial
             to
             the
             Power
             and
             Jurisdiction
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Diadem
             .
          
           
             Spain
             was
             in
             Times
             of
             an
             elder
             Aspect
             styl'd
             Hesperia
             ,
             from
             Hesperus
             the
             Evening
             ▪
             star
             ,
             under
             whose
             Beams
             and
             Influence
             it
             is
             believed
             to
             be
             situated
             ;
             Secondly
             ,
             it
             fell
             under
             the
             Appellation
             of
             Iberia
             ,
             which
             Name
             was
             conceived
             to
             be
             borrowed
             from
             the
             River
             Iberus
             now
             called
             Ebro
             which
             disembogues
             it self
             into
             the
             Mediterranean
             Sea
             ,
             not
             far
             distant
             from
             Tortosa
             in
             Catalonia
             .
             Thirdly
             ,
             it
             had
             the
             Denomination
             of
             Hispania
             ,
             either
             from
             Panus
             an
             Iberian
             Captain
             ,
             o●
             else
             from
             Panus
             a
             Punick
             word
             ,
             which
             imports
             or
             signifies
             in
             that
             Dialect
             ,
             a
             Cony
             ;
             with
             which
             Creature
             this
             Continent
             in
             elder
             Times
             was
             much
             infested
             .
             It
             stretches
             out
             it self
             to
             a
             length
             of
             Eight
             hundred
             miles
             ,
             and
             is
             again
             dilated
             into
             a
             breadth
             of
             Five
             hundred
             and
             six
             of
             the
             same
             proportion
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             whole
             Circuit
             amounts
             to
             Two
             Thousand
             eight
             hundred
             and
             sixteen
             miles
             .
             It
             was
             anciently
             distinguished
             
             into
             three
             parts
             or
             divisions
             ,
             known
             by
             the
             Names
             of
             1.
             ●arraconensis
             ,
             2.
             
             Boetica
             ,
             and
             3.
             
             Lusitanica
             ;
             w●ich
             afterwards
             by
             Constantine
             the
             Great
             ,
             were
             broken
             and
             multiplied
             into
             seven
             Divisions
             or
             Provinces
             styl●●
             1
             B●tica
             ,
             2
             Lusitanica
             ,
             3
             Gallicia
             ,
             4
             
               〈…〉
               haginensis
            
             ,
             5
             ●arraconensis
             ,
             6
             ●ingit●●●
             ,
             7
             The
             Province
             of
             the
             Isles
             ,
             embracing
             w●●●●n
             its
             Verge
             and
             Circuit
             ,
             
               Ma●orc●
               ,
               Minorca
               ,
               Ebusa
            
             and
             F●umentari●
             .
          
           
             Spain
             after
             many
             Contests
             and
             signal
             Decisions
             in
             the
             Feild
             ,
             wherein
             the
             ●ate
             of
             this
             Nation
             was
             put
             to
             the
             bloody
             Umpirage
             of
             the
             Sword
             ,
             first
             sto●ped
             and
             surrendred
             its
             Neck
             to
             the
             Rom●n
             servitude
             ,
             but
             when
             the
             Vandalls
             like
             an
             ●nundation
             swolne
             with
             successe
             and
             Victory
             ,
             b●oke
             in
             upon
             Spain
             and
             bore
             down
             all
             before
             them
             ,
             the
             Romans
             were
             supplanted
             and
             disseised
             ,
             and
             being
             wholly
             dislodged
             from
             their
             ancient
             Acquists
             ,
             this
             Kingdome
             was
             once
             mo●e
             resign'd
             up
             as
             a
             prey
             to
             the
             successful
             Sword
             of
             Gunderious
             King
             of
             the
             abovesaid
             Nation
             .
             But
             the
             same
             Vic●ssitude
             which
             had
             crushed
             the
             Romans
             ,
             ●●●led
             in
             upon
             the
             Vandals
             ,
             who
             being
             in
             several
             Conflicts
             and
             encounters
             broken
             and
             dispers'd
             by
             the
             ●lla●n
             and
             Suezians
             ,
             gave
             up
             their
             new
             C●nquests
             to
             be
             enjoyed
             by
             the
             Victorious
             Hand
             of
             there
             early
             Invaders
             ;
             but
             their
             triumphs
             were
             bl●sted
             ,
             and
             those
             Laurels
             and
             Chaplets
             which
             they
             expected
             like
             a
             happy
             Guerdon
             should
             have
             Crown'd
             their
             Victories
             ,
             suddenly
             withered
             ,
             
             being
             torne
             from
             ●●eir
             Temples
             by
             the
             rough
             〈◊〉
             of
             the
             Go●hs
             :
             For
             Athaulfus
             their
             Leade
             〈…〉
             Match
             ▪
             d
             with
             Placidia
             Sister
             to
             Honori●●
             〈◊〉
             ●●p●rour
             ,
             e●poused
             his
             Quarrel
             ,
             and
             b
             〈…〉
             tun●●e
             ●rup●●on
             made
             on
             the
             Spanish
             Re●●o●s
             ,
             ●
             co●●●●●ted
             ●he
             power
             ,
             and
             dissipated
             the
             ●●r●ngth
             ●f
             these
             bold
             ●●ttuders
             ,
             that
             they
             erec●●d
             ●h●t
             Throne
             ,
             upon
             which
             they
             intended
             to
             fixe
             and
             〈◊〉
             that
             ●●n●rchy
             they
             aspired
             to
             in
             this
             Nation
             ,
             upon
             their
             Ruins
             .
             So
             that
             about
             the
             year
             420.
             the
             Temples
             of
             Vallia
             Successor
             to
             Athaulfus
             ,
             were
             empal'd
             with
             the
             Diadem
             of
             Spain
             ;
             yet
             was
             it
             not
             obtained
             without
             the
             regret
             and
             reluctancy
             of
             the
             Reliques
             of
             those
             Roman
             Forces
             who
             were
             scattered
             into
             the
             several
             Provinces
             of
             Spain
             ,
             who
             being
             wholly
             broken
             and
             subdued
             about
             the
             Year
             641.
             the
             Conquest
             then
             appeared
             to
             be
             wholly
             p●rfected
             ,
             and
             the
             Scepter
             confirmed
             in
             the
             Hand
             of
             S●intilla
             the
             second
             ,
             to
             whose
             successful
             Managery
             of
             Affairs
             the
             Gothi●h
             Nation
             seemed
             first
             to
             owe
             the
             Glory
             and
             Gran●eur
             of
             a
             full
             Establishment
             in
             their
             Triumphs
             over
             this
             Kingdome
             .
             No●
             was
             their
             such
             an
             inherent
             tincture
             of
             Barbar●ime
             in
             the
             minds
             of
             the
             Goths
             (
             though
             I
             know
             they
             appeared
             black
             in
             elder
             Times
             for
             their
             Ra●ure
             of
             Histories
             and
             demolishing
             of
             Records
             and
             other
             Monuments
             of
             Antiquity
             )
             but
             the
             Culture
             of
             Discipline
             did
             melt
             and
             supple
             m●●●
             into
             a
             capacity
             which
             made
             them
             fit
             to
             〈◊〉
             a
             nobler
             Complexion
             ;
             for
             though
             the
             Laws
             〈◊〉
             
             Spain
             peradventure
             borrowed
             an
             imperfect
             Institution
             from
             the
             Romans
             ,
             yet
             were
             they
             mingled
             with
             the
             Customes
             of
             the
             Goths
             ,
             which
             were
             after
             digested
             into
             shape
             and
             Order
             by
             Euricus
             the
             first
             .
             But
             in
             procedure
             of
             Time
             these
             being
             found
             of
             too
             general
             a
             latitude
             to
             be
             calculated
             for
             the
             Climate
             of
             every
             Province
             ,
             they
             about
             the
             Year
             1296.
             were
             refined
             and
             new
             polished
             by
             Ferdinand
             the
             third
             ,
             that
             being
             thus
             attired
             they
             might
             be
             made
             proportionate
             to
             the
             manners
             and
             temper
             of
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             and
             fit
             for
             the
             Genius
             of
             Castile
             .
             And
             thus
             they
             continued
             without
             any
             thing
             of
             moment
             or
             importance
             being
             added
             to
             them
             ,
             untill
             the
             Year
             1492.
             and
             then
             King
             Ferdinand
             (
             the
             Scourge
             of
             the
             Moors
             )
             and
             Isabella
             his
             Queen
             Ordained
             and
             decreed
             by
             a
             Statute
             enacted
             at
             Corduba
             ,
             that
             all
             Gentlemen
             of
             those
             Signories
             and
             Lordships
             which
             were
             Subject
             to
             the
             Crowns
             of
             Castile
             and
             Aragon
             ,
             were
             obliged
             to
             appear
             and
             exhibit
             a
             just
             proof
             and
             Testimony
             of
             their
             Pedigrees
             and
             Nobility
             ;
             which
             Law
             ,
             because
             it
             received
             its
             first
             Birth
             and
             Institution
             there
             ,
             hath
             ever
             since
             obtained
             the
             Appellation
             of
             the
             Law
             or
             Statute
             of
             Corduba
             .
             But
             I
             have
             digressed
             ,
             I
             now
             return
             ,
             and
             shall
             discover
             a
             compendious
             Series
             of
             the
             Gothish
             Kings
             of
             Spain
             ,
             as
             I
             find
             their
             Names
             Recorded
             upon
             their
             ancient
             Coins
             ,
             from
             whence
             their
             Catalogue
             has
             been
             drawn
             ,
             and
             exactly
             Registred
             by
             the
             Industrious
             Pen
             of
             Augustinus
             Bishop
             of
             Tarragona
             ,
             in
             his
             learned
             Discourse
             of
             Ancient
             Coins
             .
          
           
             
             
               369.
               
               Athanarick
               joyned
               with
               Fridigerne
               reigned
               13
               years
               .
            
             
               382.
               
               Alarick
               united
               with
               Radagaise
               governed
               28
               years
               .
            
             
               411.
               
               Athaulfus
               rul'd
               6
               years
               .
            
             
               416.
               
               Segeric
               ,
               who
               being
               suddenly
               after
               his
               being
               invested
               with
               the
               Crown
               destroyed
               by
               a
               traiterous
               Combination
               of
               his
               own
               Subjects
               ,
               upon
               his
               Decease
               one
               Vualia
               ascended
               the
               Throne
               and
               managed
               the
               Scepter
               3
               years
               ,
               as
               Vulsa
               and
               Isidore
               testifie
               ,
               and
               not
               twelve
               years
               as
               Sigebert
               asserts
               .
            
             
               419.
               
               The●deredus
               governed
               33
               years
               .
            
             
               452.
               
               Turismund
               held
               the
               Scepter
               but
               one
               year
               according
               as
               I●idore
               avers
               ,
               and
               not
               three
               as
               Jornandes
               and
               Sigebert
               record
               .
            
             
               453.
               
               Theuderick
               and
               not
               Theodorick
               ruled
               13.
               years
               .
            
             
               466.
               
               Euricus
               wore
               the
               Gothish
               Crown
               17.
               years
               .
            
             
               483.
               
               Alaricus
               the
               Second
               ruled
               23
               years
               .
            
             
               506.
               
               Gesaleicus
               and
               in
               other
               records
               styled
               Gesalicus
               and
               Gesalaricus
               reigned
               four
               years
               .
            
             
               511.
               
               Theudericus
               the
               Second
               was
               invested
               with
               the
               Diadem
               15
               years
               .
            
             
               526.
               
               Amalaricus
               swayed
               the
               Scepter
               5
               years
               .
            
             
               531.
               
               Theudis
               ,
               and
               in
               History
               sometime
               written
               Theudes
               and
               Theudius
               ,
               governed
               17
               years
               .
            
             
               548.
               
               Theudiseulus
               sate
               on
               the
               Throne
               one
               year
               and
               five
               months
               .
            
             
               549.
               
               Agila
               ,
               and
               in
               other
               Monuments
               of
               Antiquity
               styled
               Aquila
               ,
               sate
               five
               years
               and
               three
               months
               .
            
             
               
               554.
               
               Athanagildus
               governed
               15
               years
               .
            
             
               567.
               
               Liwa
               ,
               and
               not
               Liuba
               or
               Luiba
               as
               some
               Historians
               falsly
               intimate
               ,
               ruled
               one
               year
               .
            
             
               568.
               
               Leovigildus
               ,
               so
               his
               name
               is
               exhibited
               on
               his
               Coines
               ,
               and
               not
               Leovegildus
               or
               Liuvigildus
               as
               some
               Historians
               represent
               ,
               reigned
               18
               years
               .
            
             
               586.
               
               Reccaredus
               weilded
               the
               Scepter
               .
            
             
               601.
               
               Liwa
               the
               second
               governed
               two
               years
               .
            
             
               603.
               
               Wittericus
               or
               Wittricus
               ,
               not
               Victericus
               as
               some
               Records
               insinuate
               ,
               sustained
               the
               Scepter
               six
               years
               .
            
             
               610.
               
               Gundemar
               not
               Gundimar
               reigned
               two
               years
               .
            
             
               612.
               
               Sisebutus
               managed
               the
               government
               8
               years
               and
               6
               months
               .
            
             
               621.
               
               Reccaredus
               the
               second
               ruled
               but
               some
               few
               days
               .
            
             
               621.
               
               Suintilla
               not
               Scintilla
               or
               Cintila
               swayed
               the
               Scepter
               Ten
               years
               .
            
             
               631.
               
               Sisenandus
               and
               not
               Sisnandus
               as
               Histories
               misrepresent
               his
               name
               ,
               governed
               3
               years
               .
            
             
               636.
               
               Suintilla
               the
               second
               reigned
               3
               years
               .
            
             
               640.
               
               Tulca
               not
               Tulcas
               governed
               two
               years
               .
            
             
               642.
               
               Chindassuintus
               ,
               not
               Cindasiundus
               or
               Ghindasuintus
               ,
               as
               his
               name
               is
               falsly
               registred
               in
               some
               Annalls
               ,
               ruled
               6.
               years
               and
               odd
               months
               .
            
             
               649.
               
               Reccesuinthus
               not
               Reccesiundus
               ,
               for
               under
               that
               notion
               Antiquaries
               have
               registred
               him
               ,
               supported
               the
               Diadem
               23
               years
               .
            
             
               672.
               
               Wamba
               not
               Bamba
               as
               his
               name
               is
               placed
               in
               ordinary
               Registers
               ,
               managed
               the
               Government
               eight
               years
               .
            
             
               
               680.
               
               Erigius
               ,
               erroneously
               sometimes
               written
               Eringius
               ,
               continued
               placed
               on
               the
               Throne
               six
               years
               .
            
             
               687.
               
               Egica
               falsly
               styled
               Egipsa
               weilded
               the
               Scepter
               of
               the
               Goths
               15
               years
               .
            
             
               701.
               
               Witiza
               and
               not
               Vitiza
               ,
               as
               his
               Name
               is
               enrolled
               in
               some
               Chronicles
               ,
               reigned
               in
               a
               joint
               Combination
               of
               Government
               with
               his
               Father
               five
               years
               ,
               and
               five
               years
               he
               swayed
               the
               Scepter
               alone
               .
            
             
               711.
               
               Rudericus
               ,
               so
               his
               Name
               is
               inscribed
               on
               his
               Coins
               ,
               and
               not
               Rodericus
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               registred
               in
               the
               Spanish
               Annalls
               ,
               governed
               one
               year
               ,
               and
               then
               having
               by
               an
               injurious
               and
               violent
               Rape
               polluted
               and
               debauched
               the
               Honour
               of
               Cana
               Daughter
               to
               Count
               Julian
               an
               eminent
               Nobleman
               of
               Spain
               ,
               he
               to
               assoil
               his
               Name
               and
               Family
               from
               that
               Stain
               which
               this
               ignominious
               Affront
               had
               spread
               over
               it
               ,
               invited
               the
               Moors
               of
               Africk
               ,
               under
               the
               Conduct
               of
               Musa
               ,
               to
               expiate
               the
               former
               violence
               ,
               who
               indeed
               executed
               the
               Vengeance
               designed
               by
               him
               for
               Roderick
               so
               solemnly
               ,
               that
               in
               a
               signal
               Battell
               commenced
               at
               
                 Xeres
                 de
                 la
                 Frontera
              
               in
               Andalusia
               ,
               the
               Fortune
               of
               Spain
               was
               entomb'd
               in
               the
               Carnage
               of
               that
               Field
               ,
               and
               Roderick
               abandoned
               both
               Crown
               and
               Kingdome
               to
               the
               prevailing
               Sword
               of
               the
               Moors
               ;
               and
               Musa
               being
               supported
               and
               reinforced
               by
               new
               Supplies
               ,
               by
               frequent
               successes
               ,
               forced
               almost
               all
               Spain
               to
               bow
               to
               a
               universal
               Conquest
               ,
               whilst
               the
               scattered
               Reliques
               
               of
               the
               pale
               and
               amazed
               Goths
               immur'd
               themselves
               in
               the
               inaccessable
               Retreats
               of
               Asturia
               or
               Leon
               ,
               from
               whence
               
                 Garcia
                 Ximenes
              
               a
               Nobleman
               ,
               extracted
               from
               the
               Royal
               Gothish
               Blood
               ,
               about
               the
               year
               713.
               or
               as
               others
               assert
               about
               the
               year
               716.
               descended
               with
               600
               men
               ,
               and
               after
               divers
               successeful
               encounters
               with
               the
               Moors
               ,
               gave
               a
               Beginning
               to
               the
               little
               Kingdom
               of
               Suprarba
               locked
               up
               within
               the
               Pyrenean
               Hills
               ,
               which
               sometimes
               after
               dilated
               it self
               ,
               and
               spread
               into
               the
               Valleys
               ,
               which
               from
               hence
               assum'd
               the
               Name
               of
               Navarra
               ,
               or
               Navierras
               ,
               which
               in
               Spanish
               imports
               as
               much
               as
               plain
               grounds
               :
               And
               of
               this
               Kingdome
               I
               shall
               now
               render
               an
               Account
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             NAVARRE
             .
          
           
             NAVARRE
             is
             circumscribed
             on
             the
             East
             with
             the
             principality
             of
             Berne
             in
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             France
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             with
             the
             River
             Ebr●
             or
             Iberus
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             Cantabrian
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             South
             with
             the
             River
             Aragon
             which
             seperates
             it
             from
             that
             Kingdome
             .
          
           
             The
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             were
             the
             Vascones
             ,
             invested
             not
             only
             in
             the
             possession
             of
             this
             Track
             ,
             but
             of
             Biscay
             and
             Guipusc●a
             also
             .
             It
             was
             ravished
             away
             
             from
             these
             by
             the
             Romans
             ,
             who
             were
             expulsed
             by
             the
             Goths
             ,
             and
             they
             again
             were
             disseised
             of
             the
             tenure
             of
             this
             Province
             by
             the
             invading
             Moors
             ,
             who
             finally
             were
             dislodged
             from
             their
             new
             Acquists
             by
             the
             Magnanimity
             of
             
               Garcia
               Ximenes
            
             above-mentioned
             ;
             whose
             Successor
             
               Ximenes
               Garcia
            
             dying
             without
             Issue
             ,
             after
             an
             Interregnum
             of
             four
             years
             ,
             
               Inigo
               Arista
            
             Son
             of
             Simon
             Earl
             of
             Bigorre
             ,
             was
             advanced
             by
             Election
             to
             the
             Royal
             Dignity
             of
             Navarre
             as
             the
             next
             Heir
             in
             the
             Collateral
             Line
             to
             
               Ximenes
               Garcia
            
             abovesaid
             ;
             and
             he
             was
             Ancestor
             to
             Sancho
             the
             fourth
             ,
             who
             in
             respect
             that
             he
             was
             possest
             by
             Descent
             of
             Navarre
             and
             Aragon
             ,
             of
             Castile
             in
             Right
             of
             his
             Wife
             
               Donna
               Nugna
            
             or
             Elvira
             Sister
             and
             Heir
             of
             Sancho
             the
             last
             Earl
             thereof
             ,
             and
             of
             Leon
             by
             Conquest
             ,
             incorporated
             into
             his
             stile
             the
             Title
             of
             Great
             ;
             and
             he
             upon
             his
             Decease
             bequeathed
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Navarre
             to
             his
             eldest
             Son
             Garcia
             ,
             whose
             Son
             Sancho
             the
             fifth
             was
             unnaturally
             assassinated
             by
             his
             younger
             Brother
             Raymir
             ;
             after
             whose
             Tragical
             Exit
             ,
             and
             the
             brief
             interposition
             of
             this
             bloody
             Intruder
             who
             had
             bespattered
             the
             Throne
             of
             Navarre
             with
             such
             a
             purple
             Effusion
             ,
             this
             Diadem
             was
             pluck'd
             from
             his
             Temples
             by
             
               Sancho
               Ramires
            
             ,
             to
             invest
             his
             own
             ;
             after
             whom
             ,
             Pedro
             and
             Alfonso
             Kings
             of
             Aragon
             likewise
             did
             severally
             and
             Successively
             weild
             the
             Scepter
             ,
             and
             manage
             the
             Government
             of
             Navarre
             :
             But
             this
             Alfonso
             dying
             without
             Issue
             ,
             and
             his
             Brother
             Raymir
             a
             Monk
             unclouding
             his
             Head
             of
             his
             Cowle
             to
             adorne
             it
             with
             the
             
             Crown
             of
             Aragon
             ,
             the
             Soveraignty
             of
             Navarre
             was
             vested
             in
             
               Garcia
               Raymir
            
             Grandchild
             of
             
               Garcia
               de
               Nagera
            
             ,
             and
             Son
             of
             Raymir
             the
             Usurper
             abovementioned
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             Right
             of
             this
             Descent
             so
             fortified
             his
             Title
             ,
             that
             he
             ascended
             the
             Throne
             of
             Navarre
             as
             the
             direct
             Heir
             of
             that
             Kingdome
             ,
             from
             whom
             the
             transmission
             of
             Descent
             transported
             it
             to
             his
             Grandchild
             Sancho
             the
             eighth
             ,
             in
             whom
             the
             Male
             Line
             of
             
               Garcia
               Ximines
            
             was
             wound
             up
             in
             a
             Conclusion
             ;
             for
             he
             going
             out
             without
             Issue
             ,
             Theobald
             Earl
             of
             Champaigne
             Son
             of
             Blanch
             his
             Sister
             and
             Heir
             ,
             was
             entitled
             in
             Right
             of
             this
             Descent
             to
             the
             Diadem
             of
             Navarre
             ;
             and
             from
             the
             Thread
             of
             Succession
             wafted
             this
             Dignity
             to
             his
             Grandchild
             Henry
             ,
             who
             determining
             in
             Joan
             his
             sole
             Daughter
             and
             Heir
             ,
             she
             by
             Matching
             with
             Philip
             the
             Fair
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             by
             this
             new
             Alliance
             inoculated
             the
             the
             Scepter
             of
             Navarre
             on
             that
             of
             France
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Hands
             of
             his
             Posterity
             it
             flourished
             during
             the
             Government
             of
             
               Lewis
               Hutin
               ,
               Philip
            
             the
             Long
             and
             Charles
             the
             Fair
             ,
             Kings
             of
             France
             and
             of
             Navarre
             his
             Lineal
             Successors
             ;
             but
             Charles
             the
             last
             of
             these
             ,
             expiring
             without
             Issue
             ,
             Jane
             Daughter
             of
             
               Lewis
               Hutin
            
             ,
             as
             Heir
             General
             of
             this
             Charles
             ,
             was
             invested
             in
             the
             Possession
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             ;
             and
             in
             her
             Right
             ,
             Philip
             Earl
             of
             Eureux
             her
             Husband
             step'd
             into
             the
             Throne
             of
             Navarre
             ;
             and
             from
             these
             two
             did
             the
             Diadem
             of
             this
             Province
             devolve
             by
             Successive
             transmission
             to
             his
             Grandchild
             Charles
             the
             third
             King
             of
             Navarre
             ,
             
             in
             whom
             the
             Male
             Line
             determining
             ,
             the
             Distaff
             prevailed
             against
             the
             Spear
             ,
             for
             Blanch
             his
             Daughter
             annexed
             this
             Kingdome
             to
             the
             Patrimony
             of
             her
             Husband
             John
             King
             of
             Aragon
             ,
             who
             likewise
             found
             his
             Name
             wrap'd
             up
             ,
             as
             to
             this
             particular
             Match
             ,
             in
             two
             Daughters
             and
             Coheirs
             ;
             one
             of
             whom
             styled
             Leonora
             ,
             by
             espousing
             
               Gaston
               de
               Foix
            
             ,
             gave
             up
             the
             Roialty
             ,
             Possession
             and
             Crown
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             to
             empale
             the
             Brow
             of
             this
             Earl
             her
             Husband
             ;
             and
             from
             these
             two
             the
             Soveraignty
             was
             conducted
             down
             by
             successive
             Delegation
             to
             their
             Grandchild
             
               Francis
               Phoebus
            
             ,
             who
             deceasing
             without
             Issue
             ,
             the
             Crown
             and
             Dignity
             of
             Navarre
             came
             to
             embellish
             the
             Head
             of
             Catharine
             his
             Sister
             and
             Heir
             ,
             and
             she
             being
             espoused
             to
             
               John
               d'Albret
            
             of
             Gascony
             ,
             descended
             from
             
               Amani
               d'Albret
            
             ;
             which
             Amani
             (
             in
             the
             Government
             of
             Charles
             the
             fifth
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             was
             wedded
             to
             Margaret
             of
             Bourbon
             ,
             Sister
             to
             Jane
             Queen
             of
             France
             ,
             and
             by
             that
             Alliance
             very
             much
             improved
             the
             splendor
             of
             his
             House
             )
             linked
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Navarre
             to
             his
             Patrimony
             ;
             and
             from
             these
             two
             descended
             Henry
             their
             Son
             and
             Heir
             ,
             who
             was
             King
             of
             Navarre
             ,
             and
             Match'd
             with
             Margaret
             Sister
             of
             Francis
             the
             first
             ,
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             by
             whom
             he
             had
             Issue
             Jane
             the
             sole
             Inheritrix
             of
             Navarre
             ,
             who
             by
             espousing
             Anthony
             of
             Bourbon
             ,
             entitled
             him
             to
             the
             Crown
             and
             Scepter
             of
             Navarre
             ;
             and
             she
             was
             Mother
             of
             Henry
             the
             fourth
             ,
             Grandmother
             of
             Lewis
             the
             thirteenth
             ,
             &
             Great-grandmother
             of
             the
             
             instant
             Lewis
             the
             fourteenth
             ,
             successively
             Kings
             of
             France
             ,
             who
             by
             Authority
             of
             this
             Alliance
             ,
             have
             ever
             since
             inserted
             and
             interwoven
             the
             Title
             of
             King
             of
             Navarre
             amongst
             their
             Style
             and
             Inscriptions
             .
             But
             alas
             !
             this
             is
             only
             a
             barren
             ,
             naked
             and
             empty
             Title
             ,
             for
             the
             actual
             Possession
             of
             the
             Crown
             ,
             which
             should
             give
             support
             and
             vital
             Energie
             to
             it
             ,
             was
             long
             since
             torne
             away
             by
             Ferdinand
             the
             Catholick
             King
             of
             Aragon
             and
             Castile
             ;
             the
             occasion
             which
             ministered
             materials
             to
             that
             Foundation
             on
             which
             that
             Detention
             was
             established
             ,
             was
             this
             :
             About
             the
             Year
             1510.
             
             Lewis
             the
             twelfth
             having
             by
             a
             signal
             Victory
             over
             the
             Venetian
             at
             Aignadel
             humbled
             that
             People
             ,
             much
             retrenched
             their
             Power
             ,
             and
             infus'd
             a
             Terrour
             into
             all
             the
             Princes
             of
             Italy
             ,
             fell
             into
             contention
             with
             Pope
             Julius
             the
             second
             ,
             and
             their
             mutual
             Animosities
             were
             enhans'd
             with
             that
             Acrimonie
             and
             Spleen
             ,
             that
             the
             Quarrel
             was
             prosecuted
             almost
             to
             a
             Scihsme
             ;
             for
             Julius
             blasted
             all
             the
             Partisans
             of
             Lewis
             with
             an
             Excomunication
             ,
             and
             put
             their
             Estates
             under
             Interdict
             ,
             in
             the
             Register
             of
             whom
             was
             
               John
               d'Albret
            
             King
             of
             Navarre
             ,
             who
             was
             disseised
             of
             his
             Crown
             and
             Scepter
             by
             Ferdinand
             above
             mentioned
             ;
             for
             this
             Ferdinand
             varnishing
             his
             Designe
             of
             ravishing
             this
             Kingdom
             away
             from
             the
             House
             of
             D'Albret
             ,
             with
             a
             pretence
             and
             shew
             of
             passing
             into
             Guinne
             ,
             to
             combine
             and
             unite
             his
             Forces
             with
             the
             Confederate
             Invading
             English
             ,
             by
             Vertue
             and
             Authority
             of
             the
             Papal
             Interdict
             to
             seise
             and
             subdue
             the
             Crown
             of
             France
             ,
             suddenly
             
             retriv'd
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             like
             a
             Tempest
             ,
             drop'd
             on
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Navarre
             ;
             and
             by
             Conquest
             about
             the
             Year
             1512.
             supplanted
             ●nd
             expell'd
             
               John
               d'Albret
            
             above
             mentioned
             ;
             upon
             this
             pretence
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             entwined
             and
             linked
             in
             Confederacy
             with
             Lewis
             the
             twelfth
             ,
             who
             was
             a
             Rebell
             against
             the
             Church
             ,
             and
             an
             avowed
             Enemy
             to
             the
             English
             ,
             with
             whom
             he
             was
             wrap'd
             up
             in
             mutual
             Alliance
             ;
             and
             more
             to
             fortifie
             this
             pretence
             ,
             he
             asserted
             ,
             that
             there
             was
             an
             ancient
             Compact
             or
             stipulation
             between
             the
             Kings
             of
             Spain
             ,
             by
             which
             they
             did
             Covenant
             and
             Indent
             with
             each
             other
             ,
             not
             to
             suffer
             or
             permit
             that
             any
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Crowns
             should
             fall
             into
             Forreign
             Hands
             ,
             or
             under
             the
             Power
             and
             Seignory
             of
             Houses
             not
             Soveraign
             ,
             as
             those
             of
             Foix
             and
             Albret
             were
             ,
             and
             who
             likewise
             by
             a
             kind
             of
             Servile
             Coherence
             and
             Connexion
             had
             their
             Dependance
             on
             the
             Crown
             of
             France
             :
             And
             though
             in
             Ages
             subsequent
             to
             this
             ,
             the
             French
             have
             protested
             against
             this
             Invasion
             and
             Forcibl●●ntry
             ,
             and
             have
             likewise
             endevoured
             to
             vindicate
             their
             Interest
             by
             the
             more
             powerful
             Argument
             of
             the
             Sword
             ;
             yet
             hath
             it
             ever
             since
             been
             so
             firmly
             linked
             to
             the
             Spanish
             Patrimony
             ,
             that
             it
             still
             obeys
             the
             Scepter
             ,
             and
             confesses
             the
             Dominion
             of
             Philip
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CASTILE
             .
          
           
             CASTILE
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             
               Navarre
               ,
               Aragon
            
             ,
             and
             part
             of
             Valentia
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             with
             Portugal
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             with
             Biscay
             and
             Guipuscoa
             and
             Asturia
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             with
             
               Estremadura
               ,
               Andalusia
            
             and
             Granada
             .
             It
             is
             divided
             into
             the
             Old
             and
             New
             Castile
             ;
             the
             first
             of
             which
             assumed
             that
             Appellation
             ,
             because
             it
             was
             the
             ancient
             Patrimony
             of
             the
             first
             Earls
             thereof
             :
             The
             other
             hath
             borrow'd
             the
             Distinction
             of
             the
             New
             ,
             because
             it
             was
             incorporated
             into
             the
             Old
             Demeasne
             when
             the
             successful
             Conquests
             of
             the
             Castilians
             had
             rent
             it
             from
             the
             Moors
             .
             The
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             of
             these
             two
             Provinces
             were
             ,
             the
             
               Vaccai
               ,
               Ventones
               ,
               Arevacae
               ,
               Oretani
               ,
               Dittani
            
             and
             the
             Carpentani
             ,
             whose
             Chief
             City
             was
             named
             Castulo
             ,
             now
             shrunk
             into
             an
             obscure
             Village
             ,
             hav●●g
             its
             ancient
             Glory
             entomb'd
             in
             neglected
             Rubbish
             ,
             from
             whence
             some
             Conjectures
             have
             asserted
             ,
             that
             the
             Name
             of
             Castile
             was
             imposed
             on
             this
             Province
             .
             But
             all
             these
             Inhabitants
             having
             been
             much
             harrassed
             by
             the
             frequent
             Incursions
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             not
             able
             to
             stand
             the
             shock
             of
             so
             powerful
             an
             Opposition
             ,
             fell
             under
             their
             Conquests
             ,
             and
             became
             a
             part
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ;
             from
             which
             again
             they
             were
             rent
             off
             by
             the
             Alani
             ,
             who
             again
             were
             disseised
             of
             their
             violently
             extorted
             purchase
             by
             
             the
             Intrusion
             of
             the
             Goths
             ,
             who
             being
             overwhelm'd
             by
             the
             Moors
             ,
             who
             like
             an
             ●nnundation
             not
             cloistered
             up
             within
             the
             shore
             and
             channel
             of
             any
             Restraint
             ,
             bore
             down
             all
             before
             them
             ,
             for
             some
             distance
             of
             Time
             gave
             way
             to
             the
             Torrent
             ;
             but
             not
             long
             after
             ,
             their
             spirits
             ,
             which
             before
             seemed
             to
             have
             been
             sunk
             ,
             buoy'd
             up
             again
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Assistance
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             Leon
             ,
             so
             resolutely
             vindicated
             their
             own
             Interest
             ,
             that
             they
             disengaged
             themselves
             wholly
             of
             that
             yoke
             of
             Moorish
             servitude
             ,
             that
             with
             an
             uneasie
             Load
             had
             so
             crushed
             their
             shoulders
             ;
             and
             the
             better
             for
             the
             ●uture
             to
             secure
             themselves
             from
             the
             Eruptions
             of
             the
             Moors
             ,
             resign'd
             themselves
             up
             to
             the
             dominion
             and
             protection
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             Leon
             ,
             who
             managed
             this
             Province
             at
             first
             by
             Provincial
             Earls
             ;
             but
             they
             having
             made
             ill
             use
             of
             that
             power
             they
             had
             entrusted
             them
             with
             ,
             by
             making
             too
             frequent
             Inroads
             upon
             the
             peoples
             Liberties
             ,
             were
             by
             the
             instigation
             and
             influence
             of
             one
             Ordogno
             ,
             who
             much
             fomented
             this
             Defection
             ,
             barbarously
             assassinated
             by
             the
             impetuous
             Multitude
             ;
             having
             thus
             thrown
             off
             all
             Obedience
             to
             the
             Scepter
             of
             Leon
             ,
             they
             were
             afterwards
             Governed
             by
             Judges
             ;
             and
             secondly
             ,
             by
             Earls
             ,
             as
             an
             absolute
             and
             Independent
             Estate
             ,
             chained
             by
             no
             subserviency
             to
             any
             Forreign
             Diadem
             ;
             but
             still
             this
             did
             not
             so
             supersede
             the
             Claim
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             Leon
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             often
             endevoured
             by
             the
             power
             of
             the
             Sword
             to
             assert
             their
             Title
             ,
             until
             Sancho
             King
             of
             Leon
             being
             engaged
             in
             a
             Debt
             to
             
               Ferdinand
               Gonzales
            
             ,
             ●e
             to
             
             absolve
             himself
             From
             this
             Obligation
             ,
             quitted
             and
             released
             ▪
             all
             pretence
             and
             Claim
             to
             the
             Earldom
             of
             Castile
             ,
             so
             that
             
               Ferdinand
               Gonzales
            
             from
             this
             signal
             Investiture
             is
             look'd
             upon
             in
             the
             Spanish
             Annalls
             as
             the
             first
             Proprietary
             Earl
             of
             Castile
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             it
             came
             down
             to
             his
             Great
             Grandchild
             Garcias
             the
             second
             ,
             who
             being
             treasonably
             assassinated
             ,
             and
             concluding
             without
             Issue
             ,
             Sancho
             the
             Great
             ,
             King
             of
             Navarre
             ,
             in
             Right
             of
             his
             Wife
             Elvira
             Sister
             and
             sole
             Heir
             to
             this
             Garcias
             ,
             entred
             upon
             it
             and
             linked
             it
             to
             his
             Revenue
             ;
             and
             upon
             his
             Decease
             setled
             by
             particular
             Donation
             on
             his
             Son
             Ferdinand
             ;
             and
             more
             to
             enhaunse
             the
             glory
             of
             this
             Grant
             ,
             annexed
             the
             Title
             of
             King
             to
             this
             Concession
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             did
             the
             Crowns
             of
             Castile
             and
             Leon
             by
             the
             Devolution
             of
             many
             Descents
             come
             to
             empale
             the
             Temples
             of
             Sancho
             the
             third
             ,
             second
             Son
             of
             Alfonso
             the
             fifth
             ,
             King
             of
             Castile
             and
             Leon
             ;
             who
             by
             the
             Revolution
             of
             humane
             Affairs
             ,
             having
             the
             Fate
             to
             survive
             his
             elder
             Brother
             
               Ferdinand
               de
               la
               Cerd●
            
             ,
             contriv'd
             so
             many
             Stratagems
             in
             his
             Fathers
             Life
             Time
             ,
             which
             Artifices
             of
             his
             were
             so
             closely
             combined
             and
             knit
             together
             in
             the
             Contrivance
             and
             Contexture
             of
             them
             ,
             that
             by
             Aide
             of
             these
             ,
             and
             the
             concurrent
             support
             of
             a
             prevalent
             Faction
             beside
             ,
             he
             extorted
             the
             Scepter
             of
             Castile
             and
             Leon
             from
             the
             Heits
             of
             his
             Elder
             Brother
             ,
             though
             many
             Attempts
             were
             made
             to
             retrive
             the
             Diadem
             thus
             placed
             on
             the
             Head
             of
             Sancho
             ,
             which
             being
             by
             the
             prudence
             of
             Sancho
             broken
             and
             disappointed
             ,
             
             Alfonso
             Son
             of
             Ferdinand
             ,
             retreated
             for
             shelter
             into
             France
             ,
             where
             he
             Match'd
             ,
             and
             had
             Issue
             Lewis
             Earl
             of
             Clermont
             ,
             which
             Lewis
             ,
             by
             
               Leonora
               de
               Guzman
            
             ,
             extracted
             from
             the
             House
             of
             
               Medina
               Sidonia
            
             ,
             had
             Issue
             Lewis
             and
             John
             ,
             both
             which
             were
             extinguished
             without
             Issue
             ,
             and
             
               Isabella
               de
               la
               Cerda
            
             ,
             who
             by
             matching
             with
             Bernard
             ,
             a
             Natural
             Son
             of
             the
             House
             of
             Foix
             ;
             and
             so
             all
             the
             Right
             of
             that
             Family
             which
             was
             concentered
             in
             her
             ,
             was
             now
             lodged
             on
             him
             ;
             which
             Bernard
             ,
             King
             Henry
             the
             second
             ,
             (
             the
             more
             by
             some
             solemn
             Obligations
             to
             endear
             and
             fasten
             to
             himself
             )
             adorned
             with
             the
             Title
             of
             Earl
             of
             
               Medin●
               C●li
            
             ;
             and
             his
             Son
             Gasto●
             ,
             the
             better
             to
             enforce
             and
             propagate
             the
             memory
             of
             the
             Noblenesse
             of
             his
             Antiquity
             and
             Extraction
             ,
             discarded
             the
             Name
             of
             Foix
             ,
             to
             embrace
             that
             of
             
               De
               la
               Cerda
            
             ;
             which
             hath
             ever
             since
             been
             transmitted
             with
             the
             Title
             bestowed
             on
             Lewis
             ,
             Grandchild
             to
             this
             Gaston
             ,
             and
             to
             his
             Posterity
             ,
             though
             there
             hath
             not
             wanted
             a
             successive
             regret
             and
             murmur
             in
             this
             Family
             ,
             to
             be
             thus
             excluded
             from
             the
             Spanish
             Diadem
             .
             It
             is
             customary
             for
             this
             House
             ,
             at
             the
             Coronation
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             Spain
             ,
             to
             put
             up
             a
             Petition
             to
             the
             Prince
             ,
             wherein
             they
             exhibit
             their
             Claim
             to
             the
             Spanish
             Scepter
             ,
             that
             at
             the
             least
             ,
             upon
             the
             Defailance
             of
             this
             Family
             now
             Reigning
             ,
             the
             stream
             of
             Soveraignty
             might
             flow
             back
             into
             this
             House
             ;
             to
             which
             demand
             the
             King
             subscribes
             this
             Answer
             ,
             
               Despois
               Nos
               Vo●
            
             ,
             After
             Us
             ,
             You
             :
             And
             sometimes
             ,
             
               No
               est
               lover
            
             ,
             There
             is
             no
             place
             for
             him
             .
             
             Thus
             have
             I
             in
             a
             compendious
             Prospect
             represented
             the
             Fate
             which
             attended
             on
             the
             Stock
             and
             Lineage
             of
             
               Ferdinand
               de
               la
               Cerda
            
             :
             I
             shall
             now
             trace
             out
             what
             Vicissitudes
             waited
             on
             Sancho
             the
             third
             ,
             from
             whom
             the
             Scepter
             of
             Castile
             and
             Leon
             (
             by
             the
             unbroken
             Thread
             of
             Succession
             )
             came
             to
             be
             swayed
             by
             the
             Hand
             of
             his
             Grandchild
             Pedro
             the
             Cruel
             ;
             who
             was
             expulsed
             out
             of
             the
             possession
             of
             his
             kingdoms
             by
             the
             procurement
             and
             influence
             of
             his
             natural
             Brother
             Henry
             Earl
             of
             Transtamare
             ,
             because
             of
             that
             havock
             and
             ravage
             his
             savage
             Executions
             had
             acted
             both
             on
             the
             Nobility
             and
             Populacy
             ;
             who
             after
             the
             discarding
             and
             Renunciation
             of
             him
             ,
             was
             by
             the
             Favour
             of
             the
             People
             advanced
             to
             the
             Crown
             of
             Castile
             and
             Leon
             ;
             but
             his
             Son
             John
             the
             first
             ,
             finding
             that
             his
             Title
             was
             established
             but
             upon
             a
             crazie
             Foundation
             ,
             unlesse
             there
             were
             some
             more
             powerful
             Buttresses
             to
             sustain
             ,
             more
             to
             fortifie
             his
             claim
             ,
             matcht
             his
             Son
             and
             Heir
             Prince
             Henry
             to
             Catharine
             Daughter
             to
             John
             of
             Gaunt
             by
             Constance
             one
             of
             the
             Daughters
             of
             Pedro
             the
             Cruel
             ,
             and
             so
             twisted
             the
             two
             differing
             Titles
             into
             one
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             did
             the
             Diadem
             devolve
             to
             his
             Great
             Grandchild
             Henry
             the
             fourth
             ,
             who
             going
             out
             without
             Issue
             Male
             ,
             Isabell
             his
             Sister
             and
             sole
             Inheritrix
             ,
             being
             Wedded
             to
             Ferdinand
             Son
             to
             John
             King
             of
             Aragon
             ,
             incorporated
             it
             with
             the
             Patrimony
             of
             his
             Crown
             and
             Scepter
             ;
             but
             both
             these
             Princes
             dying
             without
             Issue
             Male
             ,
             Jo●n
             their
             onely
             surviving
             Princesse
             of
             
               Castile
               ,
               Leon
               ,
               Granad●
            
             ,
             &c.
             and
             of
             
               Aragon
               ,
               Navarre
            
             ,
             
             
               Sicily
               ,
               Naples
            
             ,
             &c.
             by
             espousing
             Phillip
             Arch-Duke
             of
             Austria
             ,
             and
             Lord
             of
             Belgium
             ,
             fastned
             these
             vast
             Territories
             into
             one
             Body
             ;
             the
             Ciment
             which
             knits
             them
             together
             hath
             been
             in
             subsequent
             Ages
             so
             closely
             united
             by
             the
             combination
             of
             many
             reciprocal
             Leagues
             and
             Marriages
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             still
             the
             Demeasne
             of
             the
             Austrian
             Family
             ;
             and
             particularly
             ,
             the
             Scepter
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             is
             lodg'd
             in
             the
             Hands
             of
             Phillip
             the
             fourth
             ,
             now
             Monarch
             of
             Spain
             .
          
        
         
           
             PORTUGALL
             .
          
           
             PORTUGALL
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             Rivers
             Minio
             and
             Avia
             ,
             which
             seperate
             it
             from
             Gallicia
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             ,
             with
             Algarue
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             ,
             with
             the
             
               Atlantick
               Ocean
            
             ;
             on
             the
             East
             ,
             with
             the
             two
             Castiles
             ,
             and
             Estremadura
             .
          
           
             The
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             were
             the
             Lusitani
             ;
             and
             from
             them
             the
             Name
             of
             Lusitania
             was
             imposed
             upon
             it
             ;
             but
             though
             these
             were
             the
             principal
             ,
             yet
             the
             Celtici
             and
             Turditani
             ,
             who
             dwelt
             on
             the
             South-side
             of
             Tagus
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Gallaici
               Braccarii
            
             
             (
             so
             styled
             from
             the
             
               Gallaici
               Lucenses
            
             ,
             who
             were
             Proprietaries
             of
             Gallicia
             )
             and
             who
             inhabited
             on
             the
             North
             of
             Duero
             ,
             were
             entitled
             to
             a
             considerable
             part
             of
             the
             possession
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             It
             was
             at
             first
             by
             the
             successful
             Sword
             of
             the
             Romans
             made
             Subject
             to
             their
             Empire
             ,
             but
             when
             their
             Power
             began
             to
             sink
             under
             the
             Impressions
             of
             those
             barbarous
             Nations
             who
             had
             so
             fatally
             assaulted
             them
             ,
             this
             was
             extorted
             from
             their
             Jurisdiction
             by
             the
             Alani
             ;
             but
             continued
             not
             long
             twisted
             into
             their
             Acquists
             ,
             for
             the
             Suevians
             breaking
             in
             upon
             them
             ,
             supplanted
             the
             Contexture
             of
             their
             newly
             obtained
             Conquests
             ,
             and
             forc'd
             them
             to
             dislodge
             ,
             and
             tamely
             to
             surrender
             their
             Interest
             here
             to
             them
             ;
             but
             a
             usurped
             Right
             can
             have
             no
             solid
             Foundation
             to
             establish
             itself
             upon
             ,
             for
             not
             long
             after
             ,
             these
             new
             Invaders
             were
             cast
             out
             from
             their
             new
             encroachments
             by
             the
             prosperous
             Attempts
             of
             the
             Goths
             ;
             but
             they
             again
             sunk
             in
             ths
             Ruins
             of
             Spain
             ,
             (
             particular
             Lamentations
             are
             not
             distinguishable
             in
             universal
             Groans
             )
             when
             the
             Moorish
             Invaders
             by
             a
             publique
             Conquest
             made
             the
             Liberty
             of
             Spain
             stoop
             to
             their
             Commands
             and
             Successe
             ,
             and
             after
             it
             had
             for
             some
             Ages
             groaned
             under
             those
             Fetters
             they
             imposed
             upon
             it
             ,
             it
             was
             rescued
             from
             its
             servitude
             by
             the
             noble
             Conduct
             of
             Henny
             of
             Lorrain
             ,
             to
             whom
             (
             as
             a
             just
             Recompense
             of
             his
             Vertue
             and
             exemplary
             Services
             )
             Alsonso
             the
             sixth
             ,
             King
             of
             Leon
             ,
             espoused
             his
             base
             Daughter
             Teresa
             ,
             and
             with
             her
             ,
             to
             improve
             her
             Fortune
             ,
             transmitted
             that
             part
             of
             
             Portugall
             which
             he
             and
             his
             Ancestors
             had
             by
             some
             auspicious
             Conquests
             rent
             from
             the
             Moors
             ;
             and
             and
             to
             make
             his
             Bounty
             more
             conspicuous
             ,
             he
             Invested
             him
             with
             the
             Title
             of
             Earl
             ;
             from
             whom
             it
             came
             by
             Descent
             to
             his
             Son
             Alfonso
             ,
             who
             by
             the
             Soveraigns
             of
             Leon
             ,
             was
             as
             Guerdon
             to
             poize
             both
             his
             Valour
             and
             his
             Virtue
             ,
             and
             that
             testimony
             of
             an
             excellent
             Courage
             he
             exhibited
             at
             the
             Battle
             of
             
               Obriqu●
               ,
               Anno
            
             1139.
             he
             Governed
             as
             Earl
             and
             King
             seventy
             two
             years
             ,
             and
             managed
             his
             Scepter
             with
             that
             Art
             and
             Prudence
             ,
             that
             at
             his
             Decease
             he
             made
             his
             Exit
             with
             the
             Fear
             and
             Reverence
             of
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             the
             Adoration
             of
             his
             Friends
             .
             And
             from
             him
             did
             the
             Diadem
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             descend
             to
             Alfonso
             the
             Wise
             ,
             who
             by
             a
             successful
             Conquest
             inlarged
             the
             Dominions
             of
             Portugall
             ,
             and
             wrung
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Algarue
             from
             the
             Moors
             of
             Morocco
             ,
             who
             had
             before
             supplanted
             the
             Moors
             of
             Sevill
             ,
             and
             so
             broke
             the
             Power
             of
             
               Aben
               Mefad
            
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             most
             Puissant
             Princes
             of
             this
             Track
             ,
             that
             most
             of
             the
             Towns
             and
             petty
             Governours
             became
             by
             a
             subordinate
             Vassalage
             subject
             to
             the
             Scepter
             of
             Portugall
             ;
             and
             having
             thus
             entwined
             the
             Right
             of
             these
             two
             Provinces
             ,
             he
             transmitted
             them
             to
             his
             Grandchild
             Pedro
             ,
             who
             left
             Issue
             Ferdinand
             the
             first
             ,
             in
             whom
             the
             Male
             Line
             of
             Hen.
             of
             Lorrain
             determined
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             Right
             both
             of
             Portugall
             and
             Algarue
             was
             concentered
             in
             Beatrix
             his
             Daughter
             ;
             who
             was
             disseised
             of
             her
             Title
             to
             the
             Crown
             by
             her
             Uncle
             John
             ,
             Natural
             
             Son
             to
             Pedro
             above
             mentioned
             ;
             who
             having
             thus
             dislodged
             her
             from
             the
             Throne
             ,
             by
             ill
             Arts
             and
             dark
             Stratagems
             ,
             disdaining
             to
             be
             tir'd
             down
             by
             any
             bordering
             Title
             by
             an
             unlawfull
             Disherision
             ,
             di●carded
             and
             cast
             out
             the
             remaining
             Lawful
             Issue
             of
             his
             Father
             Pedro
             ;
             and
             having
             thus
             by
             these
             crooked
             Designs
             grasped
             the
             Scepter
             ,
             and
             empa●'d
             his
             Temples
             with
             the
             Diadem
             of
             Portugall
             and
             Algarue
             ,
             he
             to
             fortifie
             and
             support
             his
             unjust
             pretensions
             ,
             Match'd
             with
             Phillippa
             Daughter
             to
             John
             of
             Gaunt
             Duke
             of
             Lancaster
             ,
             with
             whom
             so
             many
             noble
             English
             Families
             enter'd
             Portugall
             ,
             that
             most
             of
             the
             Eminent
             Houses
             of
             this
             Nation
             spin
             out
             their
             Extraction
             from
             them
             at
             this
             Day
             .
             And
             this
             John
             the
             first
             ,
             had
             by
             this
             Alliance
             Alfonso
             the
             fifth
             ,
             and
             John
             the
             second
             ,
             successively
             Kings
             ;
             who
             both
             Deceasing
             without
             any
             Issue
             surviving
             ,
             Emanuel
             Son
             to
             Ferdinand
             Duke
             of
             Vis●o
             ,
             third
             Brother
             to
             these
             two
             Monarchs
             ,
             ascended
             the
             Throne
             of
             Portugall
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             it
             descended
             to
             his
             Grandchild
             John
             the
             fourth
             ;
             who
             upon
             his
             Decease
             left
             it
             to
             be
             enjoyed
             by
             his
             Son
             and
             Heir
             
               Don
               Sebastian
            
             ,
             who
             being
             unhappily
             slain
             in
             the
             Fatal
             Battail
             of
             Alcasar
             ,
             which
             stained
             the
             Feilds
             of
             Africk
             wi●h
             so
             much
             Blood
             ,
             Henry
             third
             Brother
             to
             King
             John
             above
             mentioned
             ,
             and
             Uncl●
             to
             this
             Sebastian
             ,
             put
             off
             his
             Cardinals
             Hat
             to
             adorne
             his
             Head
             with
             the
             Diadem
             of
             Portugall
             ;
             but
             he
             being
             Aged
             and
             Impotent
             ,
             his
             Hand
             was
             too
             we●k
             to
             Manage
             or
             sustain
             a
             Burden
             of
             that
             importance
             (
             as
             the
             Royal
             Scepter
             )
             long
             ,
             so
             that
             
             being
             assaulted
             with
             Cares
             ,
             and
             over-laid
             with
             Years
             ,
             after
             some
             short
             Time
             of
             his
             assuming
             the
             Crown
             ,
             shrunk
             into
             Ashes
             ,
             and
             paid
             that
             Debt
             we
             all
             owe
             ;
             upon
             his
             Decease
             ,
             several
             pretended
             a
             Title
             to
             this
             Diadem
             ;
             Lewis
             second
             Brother
             to
             King
             John
             above
             mentioned
             ,
             died
             without
             any
             Lawful
             Issue
             ,
             but
             left
             
               Antonio
               ,
               Christopher
            
             and
             others
             begot
             in
             unlawful
             imbraces
             ;
             Antonio
             fixt
             his
             Claim
             upon
             a
             pretended
             Act
             of
             Legitimation
             from
             the
             Estates
             of
             Portugall
             ,
             but
             there
             were
             Titles
             which
             appeared
             more
             specious
             and
             plausible
             which
             stav'd
             his
             off
             ;
             for
             Edward
             the
             fourth
             Brother
             to
             King
             John
             ,
             though
             he
             concluded
             without
             Issue
             Male
             ,
             yet
             he
             left
             two
             Daughters
             and
             Co-heirs
             ,
             Mary
             wedded
             to
             Alexander
             Duke
             of
             Parma
             ,
             and
             Catharine
             Matched
             to
             John
             Duke
             of
             Braganza
             ;
             and
             the
             two
             Aunts
             of
             the
             Deceased
             Sebastian
             ,
             namely
             ,
             Mary
             was
             espoused
             to
             Charles
             the
             fifth
             ,
             and
             Beatrix
             was
             married
             to
             Charles
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             ;
             from
             both
             which
             Alliances
             there
             proceeded
             Issue
             ,
             so
             that
             now
             the
             Controversie
             was
             ,
             whether
             after
             the
             Decease
             of
             Cardinal
             Henry
             ,
             a
             Brothers
             Daughter
             ,
             or
             a
             Sisters
             Son
             had
             the
             more
             fixed
             and
             established
             Pretence
             to
             the
             Crown
             and
             Scepter
             of
             Portugall
             ;
             and
             when
             this
             Question
             was
             begun
             to
             be
             winnowed
             by
             the
             Civill
             Lawyers
             ,
             the
             Duke
             of
             Alva
             to
             endear
             himself
             to
             his
             Prince
             ,
             who
             was
             Phillip
             the
             second
             ,
             King
             of
             Spain
             ,
             and
             Son
             to
             Charles
             the
             fifth
             and
             Mary
             above
             mentioned
             ;
             and
             to
             assoile
             himself
             from
             that
             Stain
             his
             stupendous
             Massacres
             
             in
             the
             Netherlands
             had
             contracted
             ,
             perswaded
             his
             Master
             to
             cast
             his
             Claim
             upon
             no
             other
             Debate
             ,
             but
             the
             Umpirage
             of
             the
             Sword
             ;
             and
             this
             counsell
             had
             so
             great
             an
             Operation
             upon
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             employed
             this
             Duke
             ,
             and
             a
             puissant
             Army
             under
             his
             Conduct
             to
             assert
             his
             Title
             to
             the
             Diadem
             of
             Portugall
             ;
             the
             Effects
             of
             which
             Invasion
             were
             so
             visible
             ,
             that
             after
             some
             Trivial
             Opposition
             made
             by
             the
             Portuguees
             ,
             who
             were
             broken
             and
             split
             into
             Division
             and
             Faction
             ,
             the
             whole
             Kingdome
             stoop'd
             and
             resigned
             it self
             up
             (
             with
             a
             Restriction
             to
             havs
             its
             original
             Franchises
             preserved
             and
             supported
             )
             to
             the
             Dominion
             and
             Scepter
             of
             Phillip
             the
             Second
             ;
             and
             under
             the
             command
             of
             his
             Successors
             it
             continued
             untill
             the
             year
             1640.
             and
             then
             by
             the
             Arts
             and
             dark
             Engines
             of
             Cardinal
             Rich●lieu
             ,
             the
             Negligence
             and
             Supine
             inadvertency
             of
             
               Conde
               d'Olivarez
            
             ,
             and
             the
             ill
             managery
             of
             Affairs
             in
             Portugall
             it self
             by
             the
             King
             of
             Spain's
             Ministers
             ,
             that
             Kingdome
             was
             torn
             off
             by
             a
             total
             Defection
             from
             the
             Crown
             of
             Spain
             ,
             and
             the
             Scepter
             placed
             in
             the
             Hand
             of
             John
             Duke
             of
             Braganza
             ,
             who
             was
             with
             the
             publique
             Applause
             of
             the
             people
             acknowledged
             for
             King
             ,
             by
             the
             Name
             of
             John
             the
             Fifth
             ;
             and
             upon
             his
             late
             Decease
             this
             Kingdome
             is
             come
             to
             confesse
             Alfonso
             his
             Son
             just
             Heir
             to
             his
             Dominion
             and
             Scepter
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Leon
             and
             Oviedo
             .
          
           
             THe
             Kingdome
             of
             Leon
             and
             Oviedo
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Biscay
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             Main
             Cantabrian
             Ocean
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Castile
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             with
             Galicia
             .
             The
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             were
             the
             Astures
             ,
             from
             whence
             the
             name
             of
             Asturia
             was
             imposed
             upon
             it
             ;
             and
             were
             divided
             into
             the
             two
             general
             names
             of
             the
             Augustani
             and
             Transmo●tani
             ,
             in
             which
             the
             particular
             Tribes
             of
             the
             
               Pesici
               ,
               Gigari
               ,
               Zoelae
            
             and
             Lanci●●s●s
             were
             involved
             and
             circumscribed
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             divided
             into
             two
             parts
             ,
             
               Asturia
               de
               Oviedo
            
             confining
             on
             Galicia
             towards
             the
             West
             ,
             and
             
               Asturia
               Santillana
            
             approaching
             Biscay
             towards
             the
             East
             .
             From
             which
             Divisions
             thus
             approportioned
             ,
             the
             eldest
             Son
             of
             the
             Monarch
             of
             Spain
             is
             styled
             Prince
             of
             the
             Asturias
             ,
             which
             Denomination
             some
             probably
             conjecture
             was
             derived
             from
             this
             Foundation
             ,
             that
             this
             Countrey
             was
             the
             first
             that
             like
             a
             Dam
             stopt
             the
             Current
             of
             the
             Moorish
             Fury
             ,
             which
             before
             like
             an
             impetuous
             Inundation
             carried
             down
             all
             before
             it
             ,
             though
             other
             Spanish
             Writers
             of
             Authentick
             credit
             ,
             refer
             the
             rise
             and
             original
             of
             this
             Appellation
             to
             that
             time
             which
             was
             cotemporary
             to
             the
             Match
             of
             Catharine
             Daughter
             to
             John
             of
             G●●nt
             ,
             and
             in
             Right
             of
             her
             
             Mother
             Constance
             the
             indisputable
             Heir
             of
             Castile
             ,
             unto
             Henry
             Son
             of
             John
             the
             first
             ,
             then
             planted
             in
             the
             possession
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Castile
             ,
             it
             being
             then
             assented
             to
             more
             to
             improve
             the
             Honour
             of
             this
             married
             pair
             ,
             that
             as
             the
             Heir
             apparent
             of
             England
             is
             styled
             the
             Prince
             of
             Wales
             ,
             so
             the
             eldest
             Son
             of
             Castile
             should
             be
             named
             Prince
             of
             the
             Asturias
             .
          
           
             It
             was
             first
             conquered
             by
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             by
             
               Augustus
               Caesar
            
             made
             parcel
             of
             the
             Province
             Tarraco●ensis
             ,
             and
             part
             afterwards
             of
             the
             Province
             of
             Gallicia
             by
             the
             Emperor
             Constantine
             ;
             torn
             it
             was
             from
             the
             Roman
             dominion
             by
             the
             conquest
             of
             the
             Goths
             ;
             and
             from
             them
             again
             it
             was
             extorted
             by
             the
             invading
             Moors
             ,
             though
             they
             were
             not
             long
             after
             supplanted
             .
             For
             as
             the
             Lust
             of
             Roderick
             ,
             excited
             the
             injured
             Count
             Julian
             to
             call
             in
             the
             Moors
             ,
             so
             the
             intempered
             and
             disordered
             Lust
             of
             Magnutza
             a
             Moorish
             Viceroy
             ,
             engaged
             him
             to
             ravish
             the
             Sister
             of
             Prince
             Pelagius
             ,
             whilest
             he
             had
             embarqu'd
             the
             said
             Prince
             in
             an
             Embassy
             to
             Musa
             the
             Moorish
             Generall
             ,
             who
             being
             a
             person
             of
             noble
             pretensions
             and
             daring
             Hopes
             ,
             at
             his
             return
             to
             expiate
             this
             Dishonour
             and
             Infamy
             with
             which
             his
             Family
             was
             bespattered
             ,
             to
             assoil
             this
             Stain
             ,
             he
             gave
             up
             the
             life
             of
             this
             Viceroy
             as
             an
             Oblation
             offered
             up
             to
             the
             Justice
             of
             his
             Sword
             ,
             and
             the
             Price
             of
             so
             great
             an
             Insolence
             and
             Lust
             ;
             Despairing
             of
             pardon
             for
             this
             Act
             ,
             he
             flew
             to
             defensive
             Arms
             ,
             as
             his
             noblest
             Sanctuary
             ,
             and
             fortified
             himself
             in
             the
             most
             inaccessable
             
             Retreats
             of
             this
             Country
             ,
             to
             which
             many
             of
             the
             old
             inhabitants
             resorted
             ,
             and
             having
             prospered
             under
             his
             Command
             ,
             elected
             him
             for
             King
             ,
             by
             the
             Name
             of
             King
             of
             the
             Asturias
             ,
             though
             after
             he
             had
             reduced
             the
             City
             of
             Leon
             ,
             he
             assumed
             the
             Title
             of
             King
             o●
             Leon
             ,
             and
             left
             it
             to
             his
             Son
             Fasila
             ;
             who
             dying
             without
             Issue
             it
             devolved
             to
             Alfonso
             ,
             for
             his
             piety
             sirnamed
             the
             Catholick
             ,
             who
             had
             wedded
             Ormisind
             his
             Sister
             ;
             and
             he
             had
             Issue
             Froilla
             the
             Repairer
             of
             
               Oviedo
               ,
               Aur●lius
            
             and
             Odesin
             matched
             to
             Sillo
             ,
             who
             after
             the
             Decease
             of
             the
             two
             others
             was
             King
             of
             Leon
             ,
             after
             whose
             Exit
             the
             Crown
             of
             Leon
             was
             unjustly
             usurped
             by
             Mauregate
             natural
             Son
             to
             Alfonso
             ;
             in
             which
             violent
             detention
             he
             was
             supported
             by
             Aderamen
             King
             of
             the
             Moors
             ,
             who
             was
             obliged
             to
             this
             supply
             by
             an
             infamous
             stipulation
             transacted
             and
             made
             between
             him
             and
             the
             said
             Mauregate
             ;
             by
             which
             this
             Usurper
             was
             engaged
             to
             pay
             him
             ,
             as
             an
             annual
             Cense
             or
             Tribute
             ,
             fifty
             Virgins
             collected
             out
             of
             the
             Families
             of
             the
             most
             eminent
             and
             noblest
             Estimate
             in
             this
             Region
             ;
             but
             after
             his
             Decease
             the
             Crown
             of
             Leon
             returns
             to
             invest
             the
             Temples
             of
             Veramund
             ,
             Son
             to
             Froilla
             above-mentioned
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             the
             Clew
             of
             Descent
             guided
             it
             down
             to
             his
             great
             Grandchild
             Alfonso
             the
             Third
             ,
             who
             not
             only
             with
             Contempt
             and
             Scorn
             disdained
             to
             pay
             the
             ignominious
             Tribute
             of
             Virgins
             abovesaid
             ,
             but
             in
             so
             many
             signal
             contests
             and
             encounters
             retrenched
             the
             power
             of
             the
             Moors
             ,
             that
             he
             justly
             merited
             the
             Title
             of
             Alfonso
             
             
               the
               Great
            
             ;
             and
             he
             left
             Issue
             Garcia
             ,
             who
             deceasing
             without
             Children
             ,
             the
             Crown
             and
             Scepter
             of
             Leon
             devolved
             to
             his
             s●cond
             Brother
             Ordogno
             who
             was
             King
             of
             Gallicia
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             the
             Inheritance
             by
             many
             Generations
             flowed
             down
             to
             his
             Successor
             Veramund
             the
             Third
             ,
             who
             engaging
             in
             an
             unsuccesseful
             War
             with
             Ferdinand
             King
             of
             Castile
             ,
             was
             by
             him
             in
             a
             prosperous
             Conflict
             discomfited
             and
             slain
             ;
             upon
             whose
             Tragedy
             the
             Scepter
             of
             Leon
             was
             seised
             on
             by
             this
             Ferdinand
             ,
             as
             having
             match'd
             with
             Sanctia
             Sister
             and
             Heir
             to
             Veramund
             ;
             and
             he
             left
             the
             Crown
             of
             Leon
             to
             Alfonso
             his
             youngest
             Son
             ,
             and
             that
             of
             Castile
             to
             Sanctius
             his
             eldest
             ;
             which
             Sanctius
             dying
             without
             Issue
             both
             Scepters
             devolved
             to
             be
             grasped
             by
             Alfonso
             ,
             from
             whom
             the
             Efflux
             of
             Descent
             cast
             them
             into
             the
             possession
             of
             his
             Daughter
             ●rraca
             Queen
             of
             Leon
             and
             Castile
             ,
             and
             she
             had
             two
             husbands
             Raymond
             of
             Burgundy
             ,
             and
             Alfonso
             the
             Seventh
             King
             of
             Arrag●n
             and
             Navarre
             ;
             by
             the
             Raymond
             she
             had
             issue
             Alfonso
             the
             Eighth
             ,
             who
             succeeded
             in
             the
             Realms
             of
             Leon
             and
             Castile
             ;
             and
             he
             had
             issue
             Sancho
             the
             Second
             ,
             on
             whom
             he
             setled
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Castile
             ,
             and
             Ferdinand
             the
             Second
             ,
             on
             whom
             he
             enstated
             the
             Realm
             of
             Leon
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             it
             went
             along
             to
             Alfonso
             the
             Ninth
             of
             Leon
             ,
             who
             (
             more
             to
             twist
             the
             complicated
             Interest
             of
             these
             two
             Diadems
             )
             espoused
             with
             Berengaria
             Sister
             of
             Henry
             King
             of
             Castile
             ,
             from
             which
             Alliance
             descended
             Ferdinand
             the
             Third
             King
             of
             Leon
             ,
             who
             by
             the
             Arts
             
             and
             Designs
             of
             his
             Mother
             Berengaria
             ,
             was
             advanced
             to
             the
             Soveraignty
             of
             Castile
             ,
             to
             the
             prejudice
             of
             Blanch
             her
             eldest
             Sister
             ,
             matched
             to
             Lewis
             King
             of
             France
             .
             And
             thus
             the
             Crowns
             becoming
             once
             more
             united
             ,
             they
             were
             never
             since
             dissever'd
             ,
             though
             the
             Title
             by
             the
             violent
             Assaults
             of
             Sancho
             second
             son
             of
             Alfonso
             the
             fifth
             ,
             was
             distorted
             and
             planted
             in
             his
             Family
             ,
             to
             the
             injury
             and
             apparent
             disherison
             of
             the
             Children
             of
             
               Ferdinand
               de
               la
               Cerda
            
             .
             Of
             which
             discomposure
             I
             shall
             discover
             more
             when
             I
             come
             to
             treat
             of
             Castile
             .
          
        
         
           
             Biscay
             and
             Guipuscoa
             .
          
           
             BIscay
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             West
             with
             Leon
             ,
             on
             the
             East
             with
             the
             Pyrenean
             Mountains
             and
             Guienne
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             it
             confines
             on
             the
             Cantabrian
             Ocean
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Navarre
             and
             
               Old
               Castile
            
             .
          
           
             The
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             of
             this
             Province
             were
             the
             Cantabri
             ,
             subdivided
             again
             into
             the
             several
             Tribes
             of
             the
             
               Mar●ogi
               ,
               Caristi
               ,
               Antrigones
               ,
               Varduli
               ,
            
             and
             the
             Cantabri
             properly
             so
             called
             ,
             a
             people
             as
             eminent
             for
             their
             Antiquity
             as
             they
             were
             for
             their
             Valour
             and
             Conduct
             ,
             which
             they
             exemplified
             in
             many
             solemn
             Contests
             with
             
             those
             Adversaries
             of
             theirs
             that
             endevoured
             either
             to
             retrench
             or
             else
             absolutely
             to
             subvert
             their
             Liberties
             ;
             nor
             lost
             they
             any
             thing
             by
             their
             intermixture
             with
             the
             Vascones
             ,
             who
             came
             out
             of
             Navarre
             and
             setled
             amongst
             them
             ,
             but
             rather
             improved
             their
             courage
             by
             this
             union
             ,
             so
             that
             notwithstanding
             the
             frequent
             Impressions
             and
             Onsets
             made
             upon
             them
             by
             the
             
               Romans
               ,
               Carthaginians
               ,
               Goths
            
             ,
             and
             Moors
             ,
             they
             remained
             as
             in
             their
             Liberties
             not
             vanquish'd
             so
             in
             their
             Language
             unalter'd
             ,
             the
             Reasons
             of
             which
             eminent
             Courage
             of
             theirs
             may
             be
             assigned
             to
             be
             these
             :
             First
             ,
             their
             Habitations
             being
             amongst
             the
             craggy
             and
             inaccessable
             Retreats
             of
             inexpugnable
             Mountains
             ,
             those
             natural
             Bulwarks
             cast
             up
             at
             Gods
             own
             charges
             ,
             might
             make
             them
             more
             confident
             and
             daring
             ;
             and
             secondly
             ,
             the
             purity
             of
             their
             native
             Air
             ,
             might
             so
             fan
             and
             winnow
             their
             Spirits
             from
             those
             Dregs
             and
             compacted
             humours
             ,
             which
             thicker
             fumes
             and
             grosser
             exhalatious
             frequently
             amass
             together
             ,
             might
             possibly
             render
             them
             more
             active
             and
             vigorous
             .
             This
             hath
             made
             them
             so
             impatient
             of
             servitude
             ,
             and
             not
             easily
             yeilding
             a
             tame
             Compliance
             to
             any
             thing
             they
             resent
             with
             dislike
             and
             regret
             ,
             so
             that
             this
             scale
             of
             privileges
             still
             fortifies
             their
             Liberties
             .
             First
             ,
             Though
             they
             give
             obedience
             to
             their
             Prince
             with
             their
             Bodies
             ,
             they
             deny
             him
             the
             service
             of
             their
             Purses
             ;
             being
             exempt
             from
             all
             Tallages
             and
             Impositions
             ,
             for
             when
             ever
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             approaches
             their
             Borders
             ,
             he
             is
             accosted
             in
             his
             progresse
             by
             the
             
             Noblesse
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             neer
             the
             Borders
             ,
             and
             there
             they
             present
             him
             with
             some
             small
             pieces
             of
             Brasse
             ,
             called
             Maravedies
             ,
             treasur'd
             in
             a
             Lethern
             Bag
             appendant
             to
             the
             End
             of
             a
             Lance
             ,
             which
             he
             is
             oblieged
             not
             to
             take
             ;
             which
             refusal
             (
             as
             they
             conceive
             of
             his
             ,
             )
             does
             enwrap
             a
             Tacit
             Symboll
             of
             a
             Confirmation
             of
             their
             Immunity
             from
             Taxes
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             at
             all
             their
             publique
             Assemblies
             ,
             the
             Women
             first
             taste
             of
             the
             Cup
             ,
             which
             custome
             hath
             grown
             by
             tacit
             Consent
             into
             use
             ,
             and
             hath
             been
             made
             hoary
             and
             reverend
             by
             a
             prescription
             of
             many
             years
             ,
             ever
             since
             Ogne
             Countesse
             of
             Castile
             attempted
             to
             destroy
             the
             Life
             of
             her
             Son
             ,
             by
             a
             Cup
             of
             Wine
             fatally
             mingled
             with
             poyson
             .
             Thirdly
             ,
             they
             admit
             no
             Bishops
             ;
             which
             aversnesse
             to
             that
             Order
             ,
             peradventure
             had
             its
             Rise
             and
             Growth
             from
             some
             antecedent
             pressure
             imposed
             upon
             them
             by
             that
             Order
             ,
             as
             our
             modern
             Sectaries
             from
             some
             personal
             Defects
             they
             beheld
             in
             the
             English
             Protestant
             Bishops
             ,
             did
             arrive
             at
             that
             height
             of
             Animosity
             as
             to
             abrogate
             their
             Function
             ;
             as
             if
             this
             were
             an
             equitable
             piece
             of
             Logick
             ,
             because
             there
             is
             an
             Error
             in
             the
             Seed
             therefore
             consequently
             there
             must
             be
             one
             in
             the
             Soil
             ,
             not
             considering
             that
             these
             Biscainers
             by
             the
             want
             of
             Bishops
             and
             Episcopal
             Visitations
             have
             fallen
             into
             that
             ignorance
             ,
             rudenesse
             ,
             and
             excesse
             ,
             which
             like
             a
             Cimmerian
             Mist
             dwells
             yet
             about
             them
             .
             Fourthly
             ,
             they
             allow
             or
             give
             license
             to
             no
             Priest
             to
             officiate
             amongst
             them
             unlesse
             he
             bring
             his
             Concubine
             with
             him
             ,
             to
             appease
             his
             desires
             ;
             
             affirming
             it
             impossible
             to
             preserve
             their
             Wives
             chast
             and
             unmix'd
             from
             the
             imbraces
             of
             the
             Incumbent
             ,
             if
             he
             hath
             not
             a
             woman
             with
             may
             allay
             the
             wilder
             flames
             of
             Concupiscence
             .
             But
             to
             proceed
             ,
             though
             the
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             were
             so
             martial
             and
             vigorous
             ,
             yet
             the
             frequent
             Assaults
             of
             the
             Romans
             so
             wasted
             their
             strength
             ,
             that
             though
             they
             were
             not
             wholly
             subdued
             ,
             yet
             they
             were
             forced
             to
             resign
             themselves
             with
             some
             Salvo
             or
             Provision
             which
             had
             a
             Reflection
             on
             their
             Liberties
             ,
             to
             the
             Command
             of
             Augustus
             .
             Under
             the
             Romans
             they
             continued
             untill
             that
             Empire
             shrunk
             into
             its
             own
             Ruins
             ,
             and
             then
             not
             brought
             under
             Servitude
             by
             the
             Goths
             ,
             but
             surrender'd
             to
             them
             with
             the
             Residue
             of
             Biscay
             .
             And
             this
             indeed
             may
             be
             added
             to
             their
             glory
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             the
             last
             Province
             of
             Spain
             which
             offered
             themselves
             up
             to
             the
             successeful
             Fury
             of
             the
             Moors
             (
             excepting
             the
             Asturias
             never
             part
             of
             their
             Triumphs
             )
             and
             the
             first
             which
             disengaged
             their
             Necks
             of
             that
             yoke
             of
             Conquest
             the
             Moors
             had
             loaded
             them
             with
             ,
             animated
             in
             that
             design
             by
             Soria
             ,
             who
             so
             managed
             and
             improved
             their
             increasing
             Hopes
             ,
             with
             Conquests
             and
             augmentation
             of
             Territory
             ,
             that
             about
             the
             year
             870.
             he
             undertook
             the
             Command
             of
             Lord
             of
             Biscay
             ,
             and
             from
             him
             did
             the
             Title
             and
             Estate
             by
             the
             steps
             of
             several
             descents
             passe
             down
             to
             his
             Successor
             
               Lopez
               Diaz
            
             the
             third
             ,
             the
             first
             who
             assum'd
             to
             himself
             the
             Sirname
             of
             Haro
             ,
             borrowed
             from
             a
             Town
             of
             that
             name
             of
             that
             Foundation
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             did
             it
             descend
             to
             
             his
             Successor
             
               Nugno
               de
               Lara
            
             ,
             vvho
             determined
             vvithout
             Issue
             ;
             so
             that
             his
             tvvo
             Sisters
             and
             Coheirs
             ,
             Jean
             and
             Isabel
             vvere
             entitled
             to
             his
             Inheritance
             ;
             but
             vvere
             defrauded
             of
             the
             Possession
             by
             the
             forcible
             Intrusion
             of
             Pedro
             King
             of
             
               Castile
               ;
               Ferdinand
            
             the
             younger
             Son
             of
             
               Ferdinand
               de
               la
               Cerda
            
             King
             of
             Castile
             ,
             Matched
             vvith
             
               Jean
               Nugna
            
             the
             Edest
             of
             these
             tvvo
             Sisters
             ;
             and
             from
             this
             Conjunction
             Issued
             
               Jean
               Manuell
            
             espoused
             to
             Henry
             the
             second
             ,
             King
             of
             Castile
             likevvise
             ;
             and
             he
             had
             Issue
             John
             vvho
             vvas
             invested
             also
             vvith
             the
             Diadem
             of
             that
             Kingdome
             ,
             and
             he
             in
             Right
             of
             his
             Mother
             vvas
             planted
             in
             the
             Propriety
             of
             Biscay
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             did
             it
             devolve
             to
             his
             Successor
             Henry
             the
             fourth
             ,
             King
             of
             ●●●tile
             ,
             vvho
             dying
             vvithout
             Issue
             ,
             it
             came
             to
             confess
             the
             Title
             of
             his
             Sister
             and
             Heir
             Isabella
             ;
             vvho
             by
             Matching
             vvith
             Ferdinand
             King
             of
             Aragon
             ,
             placed
             the
             Propriety
             of
             it
             amongst
             those
             Flovvers
             vvhich
             adorned
             his
             Diadem
             ,
             vvhere
             it
             hath
             been
             so
             permanent
             and
             fixed
             ,
             that
             though
             several
             Revolutions
             have
             intervened
             in
             this
             Family
             ,
             yet
             still
             it
             acknovvledges
             it self
             to
             be
             an
             Appendage
             to
             the
             Crovvn
             and
             Scepter
             of
             Philip
             the
             fourth
             ,
             novv
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             GUIPUSCOA
             .
          
           
             AS
             for
             the
             Fortunes
             of
             Guipuscoa
             ,
             they
             had
             this
             Aspect
             as
             they
             stood
             in
             their
             posture
             towards
             the
             Rest
             of
             Spain
             .
             First
             ,
             the
             Vascones
             ,
             then
             the
             Cantabri
             ,
             subdivided
             into
             the
             
               Marbogi
               ,
               Caristi
            
             ,
             and
             other
             petty
             Colonies
             above-mentioned
             ,
             enjoyed
             the
             Possession
             of
             this
             Track
             ,
             and
             for
             sometime
             were
             disseised
             of
             the
             Propriety
             of
             it
             by
             the
             Invading
             Romans
             ;
             but
             having
             vindicat●●
             their
             Interest
             from
             their
             Encroachments
             ,
             they
             were
             at
             last
             forced
             to
             bow
             to
             the
             Dominion
             of
             the
             Goths
             ;
             and
             from
             them
             was
             it
             torne
             by
             the
             Moors
             ;
             and
             being
             again
             rescued
             from
             their
             Slavery
             by
             the
             Kings
             of
             Navarre
             ,
             it
             was
             link'd
             to
             that
             Kingdome
             ,
             and
             remained
             a
             Member
             of
             that
             Crown
             ,
             untill
             it
             was
             wrung
             from
             Sancho
             the
             sixth
             King
             of
             Navarre
             ,
             by
             Alfonso
             the
             first
             King
             of
             Castile
             ,
             about
             the
             Year
             1079.
             by
             whom
             it
             was
             entrusted
             to
             the
             Managery
             and
             Sway
             of
             
               Lopez
               Diez
               de
               Haro
            
             Lord
             of
             Biscay
             .
             But
             after
             the
             Decursion
             of
             some
             Time
             ,
             it
             was
             again
             upon
             following
             Capitulations
             ,
             surrendred
             to
             the
             Kings
             o●
             Navarre
             ,
             to
             whose
             Scepter
             it
             continued
             fastned
             untill
             the
             Year
             1200.
             when
             the
             People
             of
             Guipuscoa
             having
             by
             a
             just
             and
             equal
             Resentment
             tasted
             of
             both
             Governments
             ,
             and
             rellishing
             that
             of
             
             Castile
             better
             than
             that
             of
             Aragon
             ,
             they
             by
             a
             voluntary
             Resignation
             bowed
             their
             Heads
             to
             the
             Command
             of
             Alfonsus
             the
             fourth
             ,
             King
             of
             Castile
             ,
             who
             without
             the
             least
             Decision
             of
             the
             Sword
             received
             this
             Country
             into
             a
             full
             Subjection
             ,
             and
             left
             it
             thus
             setled
             and
             confirmed
             to
             his
             Successor●
             the
             Kings
             of
             Spain
             ,
             in
             whose
             Demeasne
             and
             Revenue
             the
             Seignory
             of
             it
             is
             yet
             constantly
             treasur'd
             up
             .
          
        
         
           
             GALLICIA
             .
          
           
             GALLICIA
             or
             Gallaecia
             ,
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Leon
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Portugall
             ,
             from
             which
             it
             is
             separated
             by
             the
             River
             Minio
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             Cantabrian
             Ocean
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             West
             with
             the
             Atlantick
             .
             The
             Ancient
             Inhabitants
             were
             the
             Gallaeci
             ,
             whence
             it
             assumed
             its
             Name
             ,
             broken
             into
             the
             several
             Tribes
             of
             the
             
               B●dyi
               ,
               Su●ri
               ,
               Cilini
               ,
               Capori
               ,
            
             and
             Lemavi
             .
          
           
             It
             was
             one
             of
             the
             last
             Provinces
             which
             resigned
             themselves
             up
             to
             the
             Power
             of
             the
             Romans
             ;
             encouraged
             to
             this
             Noble
             Defence
             and
             asserting
             of
             their
             Liberties
             by
             that
             Chaine
             of
             Cantabrian
             Mountains
             ,
             with
             which
             this
             Country
             is
             almost
             
             interlaced
             ;
             out
             of
             which
             Consideration
             it
             was
             selected
             as
             a
             Refuge
             or
             Sanctuary
             by
             those
             afflicted
             Christians
             who
             groaned
             under
             the
             Conquest
             of
             the
             Moors
             .
          
           
             It
             was
             in
             Times
             of
             an
             Elder
             Inscription
             a
             Limb
             of
             
               Hispania
               Tarraconensis
            
             ;
             after
             it
             swelled
             it self
             into
             the
             Estimate
             of
             a
             Province
             ,
             and
             had
             the
             Name
             of
             Gallicia
             imposed
             upon
             it
             ,
             being
             augmented
             with
             the
             Asturia's
             ,
             and
             some
             part
             of
             Portugall
             ,
             and
             the
             Old
             Castile
             .
             In
             the
             Eclipse
             of
             the
             Roman
             Power
             ,
             the
             Suevi
             ,
             a
             warlike
             Nation
             of
             Germany
             (
             accompanying
             the
             Vandals
             and
             Alani
             in
             their
             Eruptions
             )
             invaded
             Spain
             ,
             and
             atchieved
             the
             Conquest
             of
             this
             Province
             .
             But
             not
             satisfied
             with
             their
             new
             Acquists
             ,
             they
             assaulted
             the
             Silings
             ,
             a
             Collateral
             Tribe
             of
             the
             Vandalls
             ,
             then
             invested
             in
             the
             Possession
             of
             Boetica
             ;
             whom
             they
             subdu'd
             ,
             and
             by
             a
             successful
             Province
             extorted
             that
             Province
             from
             them
             ,
             animated
             to
             this
             Conquest
             by
             the
             presence
             of
             Richila
             their
             second
             King.
             They
             not
             long
             after
             improved
             their
             Victories
             by
             the
             Addition
             of
             Lusitania
             ;
             but
             their
             farther
             progresse
             was
             intercepted
             by
             Theodorick
             the
             second
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Goths
             ,
             by
             whom
             they
             were
             discomsited
             and
             shut
             up
             within
             the
             Recesses
             of
             Gallicia
             ;
             which
             they
             enjoyed
             untill
             their
             final
             Suppression
             and
             Subversion
             by
             L●u●igild
             King
             of
             the
             Goths
             ,
             about
             the
             Year
             858.
             and
             then
             this
             Province
             was
             linked
             to
             the
             Gothish
             Scepter
             .
             In
             Times
             subsequent
             to
             this
             ,
             it
             was
             incorporated
             into
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Leon
             ,
             being
             Conqueted
             by
             retaile
             and
             
             in
             pieces
             from
             the
             Intruding
             Moors
             by
             the
             Kings
             of
             that
             Province
             .
             It
             was
             first
             erected
             into
             a
             Kingdome
             by
             Alfonso
             the
             third
             ,
             sirnamed
             the
             
               Great
               ,
               Anno
            
             886.
             and
             given
             to
             Ordogno
             ,
             his
             second
             Son
             ,
             who
             upon
             the
             Decease
             of
             his
             Elder
             Brother
             Garcia
             was
             entitled
             to
             the
             Crown
             of
             Leon
             likewise
             ,
             and
             so
             Gallicia
             became
             once
             more
             united
             to
             Leon
             ;
             but
             so
             as
             by
             particular
             Compact
             it
             was
             beheld
             as
             an
             independent
             distinct
             Realme
             of
             it self
             .
             But
             this
             Connexion
             was
             not
             very
             permanent
             ,
             for
             in
             the
             Year
             955.
             the
             Gallicians
             resenting
             with
             regret
             the
             ill
             Government
             of
             Raymir
             the
             third
             ,
             elected
             Veramund
             for
             their
             King
             ,
             who
             was
             Son
             of
             Ordogno
             the
             third
             ,
             and
             had
             the
             most
             manifest
             Title
             to
             the
             Diadem
             ;
             who
             being
             advanced
             to
             the
             Crown
             of
             Leon
             on
             the
             Death
             of
             Raymir
             ,
             once
             more
             incorporated
             the
             two
             Realms
             under
             one
             Scepter
             ;
             but
             it
             was
             torn
             off
             once
             more
             from
             Leon
             ,
             by
             Ferdinand
             King
             of
             Castile
             and
             Leon
             ,
             who
             gave
             it
             unto
             Garcia
             his
             youngest
             Son
             ,
             Anno
             1067.
             
             But
             it
             was
             again
             reduced
             under
             the
             Sway
             and
             Dominion
             of
             Leon
             ,
             by
             Sancho
             eldest
             Son
             to
             Ferdinand
             above
             mentioned
             ,
             by
             whom
             the
             Forces
             of
             Garcia
             were
             broken
             ,
             and
             he
             himself
             made
             Captive
             in
             the
             Year
             1081.
             never
             since
             broken
             off
             from
             Leon
             and
             Castile
             ;
             but
             when
             Leon
             was
             rent
             from
             Castile
             ,
             being
             still
             involv'd
             with
             Leon
             in
             those
             Distinctions
             till
             that
             dis●nion
             of
             Leon
             and
             Castile
             was
             sodered
             together
             and
             Cimented
             in
             the
             Person
             of
             Ferdinand
             the
             second
             ,
             in
             the
             Year
             1230.
             
             And
             being
             thus
             entwined
             they
             
             are
             by
             Successive
             Descent
             brought
             down
             to
             confesse
             the
             Diadem
             of
             Philip
             the
             fourth
             ,
             now
             King
             of
             ●Spain
             .
          
        
         
           
             CORDUBA
             .
          
           
             CORDUBA
             ,
             as
             it
             stood
             when
             it
             vvas
             by
             Conquest
             rent
             from
             the
             Moors
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             vvas
             thus
             environed
             .
             On
             the
             Fast
             it
             vvas
             contiguous
             to
             Murcia
             and
             the
             Mediterranean
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             to
             Portugal
             and
             the
             Ocean
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             to
             the
             Mountains
             of
             
               Sierra
               ,
               Morena
            
             ,
             and
             Castile
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             South
             with
             the
             Ocean
             ,
             the
             Straits
             of
             Gibralter
             ,
             and
             the
             Midland-Seas
             .
             It
             extracts
             this
             Denomination
             from
             Corduba
             the
             Principal
             City
             ,
             and
             did
             anciently
             enwrap
             with
             its
             Limits
             
               Andalusia
               ,
               Gades
               ,
               Estremandura
            
             and
             Granada
             ;
             of
             which
             last
             I
             shall
             speak
             more
             hereafter
             .
             The
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             of
             these
             Provinces
             were
             the
             Turduli
             ,
             the
             Bastu'i
             ,
             the
             Yurditani
             of
             Andalusia
             and
             Granada
             ,
             the
             Celtici
             ,
             and
             some
             part
             of
             the
             Lusitani
             ;
             all
             which
             were
             reduced
             to
             the
             Roman
             Obedience
             ,
             and
             contributed
             to
             the
             making
             up
             those
             Triumphal
             wreaths
             which
             adorned
             the
             Temples
             of
             
               Scipio
               African
            
             ,
             about
             the
             Commencement
             of
             the
             second
             Punick
             Warre
             .
             From
             the
             Romans
             the
             
             Seignory
             of
             these
             Provinces
             was
             ravished
             away
             by
             the
             Vandalls
             ,
             who
             passing
             over
             into
             Africk
             ,
             there
             to
             multiply
             their
             Conquests
             to
             a
             larger
             Extent
             ,
             transmitted
             it
             to
             them
             ;
             but
             they
             were
             scarce
             planted
             in
             their
             new
             Patrimony
             ,
             but
             they
             were
             disseised
             by
             Theodorick
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Goths
             ,
             who
             by
             these
             Victorious
             Atcheivements
             made
             all
             Boetica
             augment
             the
             Grandeur
             of
             his
             Diadem
             ;
             under
             the
             Scepter
             of
             whose
             Successors
             it
             continued
             constant
             ,
             untill
             the
             Fatal
             Eruptions
             of
             the
             Moors
             ,
             who
             having
             by
             perpetual
             Conflicts
             and
             Inroads
             enslaved
             almost
             the
             whole
             Continent
             of
             Spain
             ,
             were
             first
             subservient
             to
             the
             Commands
             of
             the
             great
             Caliphs
             ,
             who
             spread
             their
             Rule
             over
             the
             Saracenical
             Empire
             ,
             commanding
             here
             from
             
               Ulidor
               Ulit
            
             ,
             by
             whose
             Influence
             and
             reiterated
             Supply
             they
             perfected
             their
             Triumphs
             over
             the
             
               Goths
               ,
               Anno
            
             714.
             to
             
               Abdalla
               ,
               Anno
            
             757.
             at
             what
             time
             Abderamen
             of
             the
             Line
             of
             Mahomet
             the
             Impostor
             ,
             declining
             by
             flight
             the
             Fury
             of
             Abdalla
             ,
             by
             whom
             the
             ancient
             Line
             of
             the
             Caliphs
             of
             the
             Race
             of
             Humeia
             (
             from
             which
             Stem
             this
             Abderamen
             was
             extracted
             )
             had
             been
             devested
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             sought
             for
             shelter
             in
             Spain
             ,
             and
             was
             with
             many
             Symtomes
             of
             Joy
             and
             other
             unusual
             carresses
             received
             by
             the
             
               Spanish
               Moors
            
             entirely
             devoted
             to
             his
             House
             ,
             whose
             Government
             (
             upon
             his
             shaking
             off
             all
             dependance
             or
             subordination
             to
             the
             Caliphs
             or
             Mahumetan
             Emperours
             )
             he
             wholly
             assumed
             to
             himself
             .
             In
             his
             Line
             the
             Title
             flowed
             with
             an
             
             even
             and
             undisturbed
             Current
             untill
             it
             streamed
             down
             to
             Hizen
             the
             Second
             ;
             after
             whose
             Decease
             the
             Scepter
             of
             Corduba
             seemed
             to
             be
             broken
             to
             pieces
             by
             the
             surprizal
             or
             encroachment
             of
             subsequent
             Usurpers
             and
             Pretenders
             ,
             the
             last
             of
             which
             was
             Mahomet
             the
             Son
             of
             〈◊〉
             ,
             after
             whose
             Exit
             the
             Body
             of
             the
             Carduban
             Monarchy
             (
             having
             evaporated
             its
             most
             vigorous
             and
             most
             active
             Spirits
             at
             those
             wounds
             the
             successeful
             Swords
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             Castile
             and
             Leon
             had
             inflicted
             on
             it
             )
             languished
             into
             decay
             ,
             and
             fell
             to
             peices
             ;
             the
             Fragments
             of
             which
             dissolved
             Monarchy
             ,
             were
             gathered
             up
             by
             several
             Royolets
             and
             erected
             into
             new
             Principalities
             ;
             as
             namely
             ,
             one
             started
             up
             at
             Sevill
             ,
             another
             at
             Toledo
             ,
             a
             third
             at
             Valentia
             ,
             and
             a
             fourth
             at
             Corduba
             .
             After
             this
             great
             onset
             made
             on
             the
             Monarchy
             of
             Corduba
             ,
             which
             so
             broke
             the
             Scepter
             and
             disordered
             the
             Diadem
             ,
             made
             now
             contemptible
             and
             cheap
             by
             the
             tearing
             off
             so
             many
             Provinces
             from
             its
             Seignory
             and
             Jurisdiction
             ,
             the
             Series
             of
             those
             Princes
             who
             were
             Successors
             to
             Mahomet
             above
             mentioned
             ,
             is
             so
             ravel'd
             and
             discomposed
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             no
             Track
             in
             the
             Registers
             of
             History
             made
             visible
             to
             us
             by
             which
             we
             may
             persue
             their
             Remembrance
             ,
             only
             several
             petty
             and
             inconsiderable
             Tyrants
             by
             an
             unjust
             Usurpation
             endevoured
             to
             grasp
             the
             Scepter
             ;
             but
             their
             Arrogance
             and
             insolent
             comportment
             so
             disgusted
             and
             disobliged
             the
             people
             ,
             that
             to
             rescue
             themselves
             from
             that
             Load
             of
             Oppression
             which
             with
             so
             Calamitous
             a
             pressure
             sat
             heavy
             upon
             their
             
             Lives
             and
             Fortunes
             ,
             they
             called
             in
             the
             Miramomolins
             ,
             or
             Kings
             of
             Morocco
             ,
             who
             so
             nobly
             asserted
             the
             Peoples
             Liberties
             that
             all
             those
             Roytelets
             were
             totally
             by
             them
             subdued
             .
             Under
             seven
             Princes
             of
             Morocco
             did
             the
             Government
             of
             these
             
               Spanish
               Moors
            
             continue
             unbroken
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             from
             the
             Entrance
             of
             
               Joseph
               Telephin
            
             in
             the
             Year
             1091.
             unto
             the
             going
             out
             of
             
               Mahomet
               the
               Green
            
             ,
             in
             the
             Year
             1214.
             
             During
             which
             Interval
             of
             Time
             ,
             which
             made
             up
             an
             Account
             of
             an
             Hundred
             and
             twenty
             years
             ,
             their
             Affairs
             and
             Designs
             were
             so
             well
             managed
             by
             the
             Conduct
             and
             Inspection
             of
             these
             active
             Chieftains
             ,
             that
             they
             lost
             nothing
             but
             Estremadura
             ,
             which
             was
             snatched
             from
             them
             by
             Alfonso
             the
             Second
             ,
             King
             of
             Castile
             and
             Leon
             ;
             and
             the
             City
             of
             Lisbon
             torn
             from
             them
             by
             Alfonso
             the
             First
             ,
             King
             of
             Portugall
             .
             But
             
               Mahomet
               the
               Green
            
             being
             discomfited
             at
             
               Serra
               Morena
            
             ,
             by
             the
             Forces
             of
             the
             Christians
             ,
             concentered
             and
             knit
             together
             in
             in
             a
             joynt
             Confederacie
             or
             Combination
             about
             the
             Year
             1214.
             was
             so
             dispirited
             with
             this
             disastrous
             Successe
             ,
             that
             he
             made
             an
             obscure
             Retreat
             ,
             abandoning
             all
             that
             Care
             which
             might
             have
             oblig'd
             him
             to
             a
             farther
             defence
             of
             this
             Monarchy
             ;
             after
             whose
             Recesse
             this
             Kingdome
             was
             once
             more
             split
             and
             dissolved
             into
             divers
             Principalities
             and
             small
             Royalties
             almost
             equal
             to
             the
             number
             of
             great
             Towns
             ,
             which
             after
             various
             Contests
             were
             incorporated
             into
             that
             Regall
             Patrimony
             which
             bowed
             under
             the
             several
             Scepters
             of
             the
             
             Kings
             of
             
               Castile
               ,
               Aragon
            
             ,
             and
             Portugall
             ;
             but
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Corduba
             ,
             having
             too
             crazy
             and
             infirm
             a
             Foundation
             to
             support
             a
             Fabrick
             so
             ruinous
             and
             tottering
             ,
             sunk
             into
             its
             own
             Ruines
             ,
             being
             pluck'd
             asunder
             by
             the
             victorious
             Hand
             of
             Ferdinand
             the
             second
             King
             of
             Castile
             in
             the
             year
             1236.
             who
             afterwards
             fastned
             to
             that
             Revenue
             which
             owned
             the
             Jurisdiction
             of
             that
             Crown
             and
             Scepter
             ,
             where
             the
             Title
             hath
             remained
             ever
             since
             so
             fix'd
             and
             permanent
             ,
             that
             by
             the
             Steps
             of
             several
             Descents
             it
             hath
             been
             conducted
             down
             to
             confesse
             the
             Power
             and
             Authority
             of
             Philip
             the
             fourth
             now
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
        
         
           
             GRANADA
             .
          
           
             GRANADA
             is
             circumscribed
             on
             the
             West
             with
             Andalusia
             ,
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Murcia
             and
             the
             Mediteranean
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             with
             
               New
               Castile
            
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             only
             with
             the
             
               Midland
               Sea.
            
             
          
           
             This
             Kingdome
             was
             a
             Limb
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Corduba
             ,
             being
             still
             wrapp'd
             up
             in
             the
             Fate
             of
             that
             ,
             having
             still
             the
             same
             Inhabitants
             cultivating
             its
             earth
             ,
             and
             the
             same
             Conquests
             retrenching
             its
             Liberty
             ,
             so
             that
             it
             was
             sacrific'd
             as
             an
             oblation
             to
             the
             Sword
             of
             the
             invading
             Moors
             and
             Sarazens
             .
             
             But
             when
             the
             Castilians
             by
             many
             signal
             Encounters
             had
             so
             dissipated
             and
             rent
             asunder
             the
             great
             Kingdom
             of
             Corduba
             ,
             that
             it
             appear'd
             to
             be
             split
             into
             Parcels
             ,
             this
             was
             seised
             on
             by
             
               Mahomet
               ben
               Alhamar
            
             or
             Alcamir
             ,
             who
             so
             vigorously
             asserted
             the
             Interest
             of
             the
             Moors
             ,
             even
             in
             their
             declining
             Fortune
             ,
             that
             he
             made
             this
             Province
             part
             of
             his
             own
             Endowment
             and
             Patrimony
             ,
             and
             ▪
             vvas
             by
             those
             persons
             vvhom
             he
             had
             so
             gallantly
             shadovved
             vvith
             his
             protection
             ,
             advanced
             to
             be
             the
             first
             King
             of
             Granada
             ,
             though
             he
             vvas
             the
             last
             of
             Corduba
             ;
             of
             all
             the
             Kings
             subsequent
             to
             him
             ,
             the
             Spanish
             Records
             affords
             us
             so
             dim
             a
             Beam
             that
             we
             wander
             in
             the
             dark
             ,
             when
             we
             endevour
             to
             trace
             out
             a
             just
             and
             successive
             Series
             of
             them
             ;
             for
             Civil
             Contentions
             and
             intestine
             Animosities
             like
             a
             private
             Moth
             did
             so
             fret
             into
             the
             Title
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             no
             longer
             stable
             than
             the
             power
             of
             the
             Sword
             did
             support
             it
             ,
             nor
             indeed
             could
             it
             be
             but
             expected
             that
             the
             Foundation
             of
             a
             Monarchy
             fixed
             on
             so
             great
             a
             Ruine
             ,
             and
             whose
             Fabrick
             was
             cimented
             with
             so
             much
             blood
             ,
             must
             be
             crazy
             ,
             brittle
             ,
             and
             unsafe
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             ●●own
             devolving
             to
             
               Mahomet
               Boad
               delin
            
             (
             who
             did
             not
             expect
             his
             Fathers
             death
             ,
             but
             hastned
             it
             )
             with
             all
             these
             imperfections
             debauching
             its
             lustre
             ,
             it
             is
             no
             wonder
             if
             it
             was
             snatch'd
             from
             his
             head
             by
             Ferdinand
             and
             Isabella
             ,
             who
             having
             by
             a
             noble
             and
             a
             Christian
             Conquest
             knit
             it
             to
             the
             Demeasn
             of
             Castile
             and
             Arragon
             ,
             it
             is
             now
             by
             successive
             right
             brought
             down
             to
             confesse
             Philip
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             now
             
             King
             of
             Spain
             for
             its
             Lord
             and
             Soveraign
             .
          
        
         
           
             TOLEDO
             .
          
           
             THe
             Kingdome
             of
             Toledo
             extracts
             its
             Appellation
             from
             Toledo
             the
             principal
             City
             ,
             which
             in
             elder
             times
             did
             circumscribe
             the
             chiefest
             part
             of
             that
             Countrey
             ,
             which
             now
             falls
             under
             the
             Name
             of
             
               New
               Castile
            
             .
             The
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             were
             the
             Carpentani
             ,
             and
             Gyres●●ni
             dislodged
             by
             the
             Romans
             ;
             who
             again
             were
             dispossessed
             by
             the
             Alani
             ,
             and
             they
             again
             finally
             disseised
             by
             the
             Goths
             ,
             who
             after
             they
             had
             many
             Descents
             possest
             it
             ,
             and
             made
             Toledo
             their
             capital
             Residence
             (
             which
             City
             was
             surrounded
             and
             fortified
             with
             a
             Wall
             by
             the
             Care
             and
             Expence
             of
             Bamba
             King
             of
             the
             Goths
             )
             were
             outed
             and
             devested
             by
             the
             discomfiture
             given
             by
             Musa
             Chieftain
             of
             the
             Moors
             ,
             to
             Roderick
             the
             last
             Gothish
             King
             ,
             whose
             incogitant
             ●●●st
             gave
             him
             and
             Spain
             up
             a
             prey
             to
             the
             Sword
             of
             Barbarous
             Sarazens
             .
             But
             afterwards
             ,
             when
             the
             great
             Kingdome
             of
             Corduba
             began
             to
             be
             split
             asunder
             ,
             by
             its
             own
             Disorder
             and
             Confusion
             ,
             it
             was
             upon
             the
             entrance
             of
             Abderamen
             ,
             into
             Spain
             ,
             ravished
             away
             from
             Galafr●y
             ,
             who
             held
             it
             as
             Vassall
             under
             the
             Caliphs
             of
             Da●ascus
             ,
             but
             with
             the
             Title
             of
             King
             ;
             and
             this
             Abderamen
             left
             it
             to
             his
             eldest
             Son
             Zuleima
             ,
             who
             
             was
             disseised
             not
             only
             of
             this
             Province
             ,
             but
             of
             Corduba
             likewise
             ,
             by
             his
             younger
             Brother
             Hizen
             ;
             after
             which
             devestiture
             it
             remained
             constant
             to
             the
             Interest
             of
             Corduba
             ,
             untill
             the
             Expiration
             of
             the
             Reign
             of
             Abderamen
             the
             second
             ,
             King
             of
             Corduba
             ;
             from
             whom
             it
             was
             torn
             away
             by
             
               Aben
               Lope
            
             ;
             who
             again
             was
             supplanted
             by
             Mahomet
             Son
             of
             Abderamen
             ,
             about
             the
             year
             848.
             and
             here
             it
             continued
             fixed
             and
             constant
             until
             Addalla
             ,
             a
             Man
             of
             very
             great
             estimate
             amongst
             the
             Moors
             ,
             taking
             advantage
             of
             the
             Feud
             started
             between
             Zuleima
             and
             Hizen
             the
             second
             in
             relation
             to
             the
             Realm
             ,
             seised
             on
             Toledo
             ,
             and
             entituled
             himself
             to
             the
             Diadem
             of
             it
             ;
             but
             he
             dying
             without
             Issue
             ,
             as
             divers
             old
             Records
             intimate
             ,
             the
             Crown
             of
             Toledo
             devolved
             by
             his
             Testament
             and
             Donation
             to
             
               Mahomet
               Almohadi
            
             (
             issued
             from
             the
             Royal
             Family
             of
             Humeia
             King
             of
             Corduba
             ,
             to
             which
             Diadem
             though
             he
             had
             an
             indisputable
             Title
             ,
             yet
             he
             was
             illegally
             and
             forcibly
             discarded
             from
             the
             possession
             of
             it
             by
             the
             Violence
             of
             Zuleima
             and
             his
             more
             prevalent
             Faction
             )
             and
             from
             this
             Mahomet
             did
             the
             Scepter
             of
             Toledo
             come
             to
             adorn
             the
             hand
             of
             his
             Son
             Obeydalla
             ,
             who
             had
             but
             newly
             ascended
             his
             Throne
             ,
             when
             he
             fell
             in
             an
             unsuccesseful
             Encounter
             a
             Sacrifice
             to
             the
             Ambition
             and
             Fury
             of
             Hizen
             King
             of
             Corduba
             ,
             about
             the
             year
             990.
             
             After
             whose
             disastrous
             Tragedy
             the
             Diadem
             of
             Toledo
             empailed
             the
             Temples
             of
             his
             Kinsman
             Hairam
             ;
             from
             whom
             the
             Devolution
             of
             successive
             Right
             carried
             it
             
             down
             to
             his
             great
             Grandchild
             to
             Hiaya
             ,
             sirnamed
             Alcaduchir
             or
             Alcadarbile
             ;
             who
             having
             by
             his
             Tyranny
             and
             Exactions
             disobliged
             his
             Subjects
             and
             exasperated
             their
             Spirits
             against
             him
             ,
             opened
             a
             Gap
             so
             wide
             ,
             that
             Alfonso
             the
             first
             ,
             King
             of
             Castile
             and
             
               Leon
               ▪
            
             rushed
             in
             at
             that
             breach
             ,
             and
             by
             an
             absolute
             Conquest
             annexed
             this
             Province
             to
             Castile
             ,
             to
             the
             Dominion
             of
             whose
             succeeding
             Princes
             ,
             it
             hath
             ever
             since
             continued
             so
             constant
             ,
             that
             it
             still
             obeys
             the
             Scepter
             of
             Philip
             the
             fourth
             now
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
        
         
           
             MURCIA
             .
          
           
             MURCIA
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             West
             with
             Granada
             ,
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Valentia
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             with
             Valentia
             and
             part
             of
             Granada
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             with
             the
             Levant
             or
             Mediteranean
             Sea.
             This
             Province
             being
             an
             appendant
             Limb
             to
             
               Hispania
               Carthaginensis
            
             ,
             was
             upon
             the
             Eruption
             of
             the
             Alani
             ravished
             from
             the
             Romans
             ,
             who
             were
             by
             Conquest
             first
             entituled
             to
             it
             ;
             but
             the
             Alani
             had
             not
             been
             long
             resident
             in
             their
             new
             Atcheivements
             here
             ,
             but
             they
             were
             expulsed
             by
             the
             more
             powerful
             Sword
             of
             Vallia
             or
             Wallia
             King
             of
             the
             Goths
             .
             After
             this
             it
             was
             so
             subservient
             to
             the
             Fate
             of
             Spain
             that
             it
             was
             made
             part
             of
             the
             Conquests
             of
             the
             Moors
             of
             Africk
             ,
             
             when
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             bowed
             it self
             to
             their
             yoke
             and
             Scepter
             :
             But
             their
             Empire
             in
             Spain
             being
             by
             their
             own
             Divisions
             and
             Animosities
             so
             disorder'd
             and
             discompos'd
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             distracted
             and
             broken
             into
             several
             parcells
             ,
             this
             upon
             so
             general
             Shipwrack
             was
             seised
             upon
             by
             Aben-Hut
             ,
             extracted
             from
             the
             Kings
             of
             Saragossa
             ,
             who
             raised
             it
             into
             a
             distinct
             Kingdome
             about
             the
             year
             1228.
             and
             afterwards
             stretched
             out
             his
             power
             to
             that
             latitude
             ,
             that
             he
             not
             only
             commanded
             over
             this
             Countrey
             ,
             but
             reduced
             Granada
             and
             part
             of
             Andalusia
             under
             his
             Dominion
             .
             But
             long
             he
             had
             not
             been
             in
             the
             possession
             of
             his
             new
             Conquests
             ,
             when
             amidst
             the
             Caresses
             of
             a
             drunken
             Feast
             ,
             he
             was
             traiterously
             assassinated
             by
             
               Aben
               Arramin
            
             a
             per●idious
             Servant
             of
             his
             own
             ;
             upon
             whose
             Tragedy
             ,
             one
             
               Aben
               Hudiel
            
             with
             a
             successeful
             hand
             seised
             on
             the
             Scepter
             ;
             but
             long
             he
             had
             not
             grasped
             it
             ,
             when
             one
             Alboaquis
             wrung
             it
             from
             him
             ;
             but
             he
             being
             not
             able
             to
             assert
             his
             new
             atchieved
             Regality
             against
             the
             power
             of
             his
             Competitor
             ,
             resigned
             the
             Kingdome
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             Ferdinand
             the
             second
             King
             of
             Castile
             ,
             but
             with
             this
             Provisoe
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             enjoy
             the
             Title
             of
             King
             of
             Murcia
             during
             his
             Life
             ;
             upon
             whose
             Expiration
             it
             was
             annexed
             to
             the
             Diadem
             of
             Ferdinand
             abovementioned
             ,
             and
             hath
             been
             so
             constantly
             linked
             ever
             since
             to
             the
             Scepter
             of
             Castile
             ,
             that
             it
             now
             acknowledges
             no
             other
             Monarch
             but
             Philip
             the
             fourth
             now
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             VALENTIA
             .
          
           
             VALENTIA
             is
             circumscribed
             on
             the
             East
             with
             the
             Mediterranean
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             with
             Castile
             and
             Aragon
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             with
             Catalonia
             .
             It
             was
             originally
             part
             of
             that
             Division
             of
             Spain
             called
             Tarraconensis
             ;
             but
             afterwards
             that
             Province
             being
             subdivided
             by
             Constantine
             ,
             it
             was
             made
             a
             Limb
             of
             
               Hispania
               Carthaginensis
            
             .
             The
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             were
             the
             Bastitani
             ,
             the
             Edotani
             ,
             the
             Contestani
             ,
             and
             some
             part
             of
             the
             Celtiberi
             .
             In
             the
             waning
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ,
             when
             the
             Imperial
             Diadem
             was
             torn
             to
             pieces
             ,
             by
             its
             fatal
             Distemper
             within
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             by
             the
             violent
             and
             forcible
             Eruptions
             of
             the
             Barbarous
             Nations
             from
             without
             ;
             this
             ▪
             Province
             stoop'd
             to
             receive
             that
             yoke
             which
             was
             imposed
             upon
             it
             by
             the
             victorious
             Alani
             ;
             but
             this
             was
             not
             long
             after
             taken
             off
             by
             the
             Goths
             ,
             who
             having
             subdued
             these
             new
             Intruders
             ,
             cimented
             this
             Province
             by
             Conquest
             with
             the
             Residue
             of
             Spain
             ;
             but
             was
             again
             rent
             off
             from
             their
             Monarchy
             by
             the
             successeful
             Sword
             of
             the
             Moors
             ,
             and
             knit
             by
             this
             Acquist
             to
             their
             Kingdome
             erected
             in
             Spain
             ,
             and
             in
             their
             Do
             ninion
             untill
             
               Mahomet
               Enasir
            
             received
             that
             destructive
             Blow
             at
             the
             Battel
             of
             
               Sierra
               Morena
            
             ,
             which
             so
             diminished
             the
             strength
             of
             the
             
             Moors
             ,
             that
             their
             Retreat
             into
             Africk
             was
             an
             effect
             of
             this
             Defeat
             ;
             Valentia
             was
             erected
             into
             a
             distinct
             Kingdome
             by
             
               Zeit
               Aben
               Zeit
            
             ,
             the
             Brother
             of
             
               Mahomet
               Enasir
            
             before
             mentioned
             ,
             about
             the
             year
             1214.
             but
             not
             long
             after
             ,
             that
             is
             about
             the
             year
             1228.
             it
             was
             ravished
             away
             from
             this
             new
             Prince
             by
             Zaen
             ,
             a
             Prince
             of
             the
             Moors
             in
             Spain
             ;
             and
             the
             pretence
             upon
             which
             he
             established
             this
             Violence
             ,
             was
             ,
             that
             this
             dethroned
             Potentate
             had
             an
             Intention
             to
             revolt
             to
             Christianity
             ;
             but
             this
             Zaen
             had
             not
             been
             long
             seated
             in
             his
             new
             Conquests
             ;
             but
             he
             was
             supplanted
             and
             subdued
             by
             James
             King
             of
             Aragon
             ,
             about
             the
             year
             1238.
             and
             this
             Province
             annexed
             as
             an
             Appendage
             to
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Aragon
             ;
             to
             which
             it
             hath
             ever
             since
             been
             so
             constantly
             fastned
             ,
             that
             both
             its
             Title
             and
             Propriety
             is
             at
             this
             instant
             linked
             to
             the
             Scepter
             of
             Philip
             the
             fourth
             ,
             now
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
        
         
           
             MAJORCA
             .
          
           
             THe
             Kingdome
             of
             Majorca
             contained
             the
             Islands
             of
             
               Majorca
               ,
               Minorca
               ,
               Fbusa
               ,
               Frumentaria
            
             in
             the
             Levant
             ,
             and
             the
             Land
             of
             Roussillon
             ,
             which
             was
             added
             to
             Spain
             in
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Goths
             ,
             being
             accounted
             a
             Limb
             before
             of
             
               Gallia
               Narbonensis
            
             .
             On
             the
             Decease
             of
             Gerrard
             
             the
             last
             Proprietary
             Earl
             ,
             it
             was
             added
             to
             the
             Crown
             of
             Aragon
             by
             Alfonso
             the
             second
             ;
             by
             James
             the
             first
             it
             was
             annexed
             to
             the
             Diadem
             of
             Majorca
             ;
             but
             being
             torn
             from
             that
             Scepter
             by
             Pedro
             the
             fourth
             ,
             it
             was
             once
             more
             linked
             to
             the
             Patrimony
             of
             that
             Crown
             .
             After
             that
             it
             was
             transmitted
             as
             a
             pawn
             by
             John
             the
             second
             ,
             to
             Lewis
             the
             eleventh
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             to
             secure
             the
             reimbursement
             of
             300000
             Crowns
             ,
             lent
             in
             the
             year
             1462.
             and
             freely
             surrendred
             to
             Ferdinand
             the
             second
             ,
             sirnamed
             the
             Catholique
             ,
             with
             a
             Release
             from
             all
             incumbrances
             by
             Charles
             the
             Eighth
             his
             Son
             ,
             in
             the
             year
             1493.
             with
             this
             Provisoe
             annexed
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             not
             impede
             or
             intercept
             him
             in
             those
             Designs
             which
             had
             an
             Aspect
             on
             the
             Conquest
             of
             Naples
             ;
             from
             whom
             the
             continued
             Flux
             of
             Descent
             carried
             it
             down
             to
             Philip
             the
             fourth
             King
             of
             Spain
             ,
             in
             whose
             Patrimony
             it
             lay
             couched
             until
             the
             late
             Defection
             of
             Catalonia
             ;
             and
             then
             it
             was
             totally
             lopp'd
             off
             from
             the
             Interest
             of
             the
             Spaniard
             by
             the
             successeful
             Sword
             of
             the
             French
             ,
             and
             is
             by
             the
             conditions
             of
             the
             last
             Treaty
             of
             Peace
             to
             remain
             during
             the
             truce
             wrapp'd
             up
             in
             the
             Demeasnes
             of
             the
             Gallican
             Diadem
             .
             Adjoyning
             to
             this
             Province
             ,
             as
             part
             of
             the
             Kingdom●
             of
             Majorca
             ,
             is
             that
             Countrey
             ,
             which
             by
             the
             Spaniard
             is
             styled
             Cerdagne
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             probable
             borrowed
             this
             Appellation
             (
             now
             stiv'd
             into
             a
             lesser
             Volume
             )
             from
             the
             Cerretani
             ,
             who
             were
             the
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             .
             This
             Province
             lying
             in
             those
             Valleys
             which
             are
             
             linked
             to
             the
             Pyrenean
             Hills
             ,
             was
             judged
             meet
             to
             be
             annexed
             to
             the
             County
             of
             Roussillon
             ,
             for
             the
             farther
             improvement
             of
             that
             Province
             ,
             to
             whose
             paramount
             Fortune
             ,
             its
             appendant
             Fate
             hath
             been
             constantly
             ever
             since
             so
             subservient
             ,
             that
             when
             it
             and
             Roussillon
             was
             pawned
             to
             the
             French
             ,
             it
             was
             part
             of
             the
             Mortgage
             ,
             and
             was
             also
             wrapped
             up
             in
             the
             Restitution
             .
          
           
             The
             Earldome
             of
             Montpellier
             was
             some
             hundreds
             of
             years
             since
             ,
             by
             Mary
             the
             only
             Daughter
             of
             William
             the
             last
             Earl
             thereof
             ,
             united
             to
             the
             Dominion
             and
             Patrimony
             of
             Peter
             the
             second
             King
             of
             Aragon
             ;
             and
             by
             her
             he
             had
             issue
             James
             King
             of
             Aragon
             and
             Majorca
             ,
             of
             that
             Name
             the
             Third
             ,
             who
             conveyed
             it
             by
             Sale
             to
             Philip
             of
             Valois
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             in
             the
             patrimony
             of
             whose
             Successors
             it
             hath
             ever
             since
             been
             resident
             .
          
           
             Majorca
             with
             the
             circumambient
             Islands
             of
             
               Minorca
               ,
               Ebusa
            
             ,
             now
             called
             
               Yuica
               ,
               Frumentera
            
             styled
             by
             the
             Greeks
             Ophiusa
             and
             Colubraria
             by
             the
             Latins
             ,
             from
             the
             multitude
             of
             Serpents
             which
             anciently
             infested
             it
             ,
             
               Drag●nera
               ,
               Cabraria
               ,
               Vedra
               ,
               Co●●rello
               ,
               Moncolibre
               ,
               Alfaques
               ,
            
             and
             Scombraria
             ,
             so
             called
             from
             a
             contemptible
             Fish
             named
             Scombrus
             ,
             attaqued
             in
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Romans
             in
             numerous
             Shoals
             on
             this
             Coast
             ,
             and
             thence
             transported
             to
             Rome
             ;
             though
             more
             anciently
             ,
             as
             divers
             eminent
             Records
             testifie
             ,
             it
             obtained
             the
             Denomination
             of
             the
             Island
             of
             Hercules
             .
          
           
           
             These
             Islands
             were
             first
             planted
             by
             the
             Tyrians
             or
             Phaenicians
             ,
             to
             whose
             industrious
             care
             most
             of
             their
             Cities
             owed
             their
             first
             Institution
             and
             Erection
             ,
             there
             being
             one
             erected
             in
             the
             Island
             of
             Ebusa
             ,
             which
             to
             inforce
             a
             grateful
             acknowledge
             ment
             to
             posterity
             of
             their
             expence
             ,
             had
             the
             name
             Phaenissa
             anciently
             lodged
             upon
             it
             .
             And
             from
             these
             Phaenicians
             the
             future
             Inhabitants
             derived
             the
             Art
             of
             Slinging
             ,
             which
             they
             improved
             to
             so
             great
             advantage
             and
             Dexterity
             ,
             that
             the
             Name
             of
             Baleares
             in
             subsequent
             Ages
             was
             imposed
             upon
             them
             ,
             which
             word
             some
             do
             assert
             was
             extracted
             from
             the
             Phaenician
             word
             Baal-Jarre
             ,
             which
             in
             the
             Punick
             Dialect
             imports
             as
             much
             as
             a
             Master
             in
             the
             Art
             of
             Slinging
             ,
             though
             others
             with
             more
             probability
             deduce
             it
             from
             the
             Greek
             word
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             which
             signifies
             to
             cast
             forth
             or
             throw
             .
             But
             to
             proceed
             .
             These
             Islands
             first
             bowed
             to
             the
             yoke
             of
             the
             Carthaginians
             ,
             whose
             Affairs
             here
             were
             successefully
             managed
             by
             the
             prudent
             conduct
             of
             Hanno
             and
             
               Himilco
               ,
               Anno
               M.
            
             5500.
             
             At
             what
             time
             the
             City
             of
             Rome
             lay
             gasping
             under
             the
             Tyranny
             of
             the
             Decemviri
             ,
             under
             the
             Dominion
             of
             that
             State
             they
             remained
             subject
             until
             the
             Conclusion
             of
             the
             second
             Punick
             War
             ,
             when
             the
             Carthaginians
             being
             no
             longer
             able
             to
             shelter
             them
             with
             their
             protection
             they
             abandoned
             them
             to
             themselves
             ,
             who
             immediately
             moulded
             themselves
             into
             the
             Constitution
             of
             a
             Commonwealth
             ,
             whose
             Contexture
             was
             quickly
             supplanted
             by
             Metellus
             Brother
             to
             
             him
             who
             subdued
             Crete
             ,
             and
             united
             it
             to
             the
             Roman
             Patrimony
             ,
             who
             from
             this
             submission
             of
             theirs
             to
             that
             Empire
             ,
             was
             recompensed
             with
             the
             glorious
             Trophies
             of
             a
             triumph
             .
             Afterwards
             being
             incorporated
             into
             Spain
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             Limb
             of
             that
             great
             Body
             ,
             the
             same
             Fortune
             ,
             either
             prosperous
             or
             adverse
             ,
             which
             waited
             on
             that
             ,
             attended
             likewise
             on
             this
             .
             In
             those
             Distractions
             which
             retailed
             out
             the
             Empire
             of
             the
             Moors
             in
             Spain
             to
             a
             various
             Ruine
             ,
             they
             were
             knit
             into
             an
             entire
             Kingdome
             ,
             under
             the
             notion
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Majorca
             ;
             from
             the
             Moors
             it
             was
             rent
             away
             by
             the
             Conduct
             and
             Prowesse
             of
             Raymond
             Earl
             of
             Barcelona
             ,
             assisted
             in
             that
             undertaking
             by
             the
             concurrent
             Supply
             of
             the
             Genoese
             ,
             about
             the
             year
             1102
             ,
             but
             I
             know
             not
             upon
             what
             grounds
             ;
             not
             long
             after
             the
             Genoese
             made
             a
             tame
             Surrender
             of
             it
             to
             the
             Moors
             again
             ,
             which
             was
             not
             long
             resident
             in
             their
             possession
             ,
             for
             James
             King
             of
             Aragon
             about
             the
             year
             1228.
             wrung
             it
             from
             them
             by
             a
             second
             Conquest
             ,
             and
             he
             setled
             it
             on
             his
             second
             Son
             James
             ,
             and
             from
             him
             the
             Diadem
             devolved
             to
             his
             Son
             and
             Heir
             Sancho
             ,
             who
             dying
             without
             Issue
             ,
             James
             Son
             of
             Ferdinand
             ,
             Brother
             to
             James
             the
             first
             King
             of
             Majorca
             ,
             entred
             upon
             it
             by
             the
             Name
             of
             James
             the
             second
             ;
             on
             whose
             decease
             James
             the
             Third
             ascended
             the
             Throne
             ,
             who
             suddenly
             after
             was
             dislodged
             ,
             being
             subdued
             and
             slain
             in
             a
             disastrous
             Encounter
             by
             Pedro
             the
             fourth
             King
             of
             Aragon
             about
             the
             year
             1348.
             
             After
             whose
             Tragedy
             this
             was
             annexed
             to
             
             Aragon
             ,
             and
             hath
             continued
             ever
             since
             so
             closely
             interwoven
             with
             the
             Interest
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             that
             it
             still
             obeys
             the
             Scepter
             of
             Philip
             the
             Fourth
             now
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
        
         
           
             CATALONIA
             .
          
           
             CATALONIA
             is
             shut
             in
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             County
             of
             Roussillon
             and
             the
             Pyrenian
             Mountains
             ,
             on
             the
             East
             with
             the
             Mediterranean
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Valentia
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             and
             North-West
             with
             Aragon
             .
          
           
             The
             Name
             (
             as
             some
             probable
             Conjectures
             seem
             to
             affirm
             )
             is
             derived
             from
             the
             Castellani
             ,
             who
             in
             elder
             times
             were
             the
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             of
             some
             part
             of
             it
             ,
             though
             others
             upon
             as
             possible
             Grounds
             assert
             it
             was
             extracted
             from
             the
             Catalauni
             ,
             an
             ancient
             People
             of
             Languedoc
             ,
             a
             Province
             of
             France
             ,
             divided
             by
             no
             considerable
             distance
             from
             this
             Province
             .
             But
             the
             Affirmation
             of
             those
             ,
             is
             certainly
             the
             most
             proportionate
             to
             Reason
             ,
             who
             deduce
             it
             from
             Gotholonia
             ,
             which
             ,
             by
             depravation
             of
             Dialect
             ,
             and
             a
             more
             easie
             pronunciation
             ,
             was
             melted
             into
             Catalonia
             .
             This
             Province
             having
             been
             adopted
             into
             the
             Name
             of
             Gotholonia
             by
             the
             Goths
             ,
             as
             having
             been
             one
             of
             the
             first
             Provinces
             of
             Spain
             on
             which
             that
             Nation
             made
             their
             violent
             and
             successeful
             Eruptions
             .
          
           
           
             The
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             of
             this
             Province
             were
             the
             
               Castellani
               ,
               Auxitani
               ,
               Indigites
               ,
               Cosetani
               ,
            
             with
             part
             of
             the
             Ilercones
             and
             Jaccetani
             ,
             all
             of
             them
             Possessors
             of
             that
             distribution
             of
             Spain
             which
             was
             styled
             
               Hispania
               Tarraconensis
            
             ;
             but
             when
             the
             Glory
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             began
             to
             suffer
             her
             Eclipse
             and
             umbrages
             ,
             and
             wand
             into
             a
             visible
             Declension
             ,
             this
             was
             rent
             from
             that
             great
             Body
             by
             the
             Alani
             ,
             who
             not
             long
             after
             were
             subdued
             and
             disseised
             by
             the
             Goths
             ;
             but
             when
             a
             general
             ruin
             was
             super-induc'd
             on
             Spain
             by
             the
             power
             of
             the
             Moors
             ,
             this
             sunk
             in
             that
             general
             Shipwrack
             ,
             and
             was
             forc'd
             to
             stoop
             to
             receive
             a
             yoke
             from
             the
             Hands
             of
             Infidelitie
             ;
             from
             them
             ,
             after
             many
             signal
             struglings
             ,
             it
             was
             rescued
             by
             the
             Magnanimity
             of
             
               Charles
               the
               Great
            
             ,
             who
             having
             reduced
             the
             City
             of
             Barcelona
             about
             the
             Year
             801.
             settled
             it
             on
             one
             Bernard
             a
             Frenchman
             ,
             with
             the
             Title
             of
             Earl
             ,
             and
             he
             managed
             the
             Affairs
             of
             this
             Province
             for
             that
             Emperour
             ,
             as
             Gothofredus
             his
             Successor
             did
             for
             
               Lewis
               the
               Godly
            
             .
             But
             Gothofredus
             Son
             to
             this
             Godfred
             ,
             having
             acted
             some
             exemplary
             Service
             which
             obliged
             
               Charles
               the
               Gr●●
            
             to
             some
             grateful
             acknowledgement
             ,
             he
             to
             expiate
             this
             Engagement
             made
             him
             Proprietary
             of
             it
             ,
             with
             this
             Limitation
             reserved
             ,
             that
             the
             Year
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             France
             as
             was
             accustomed
             to
             be
             performed
             by
             his
             Predecessors
             should
             be
             Inscribed
             and
             used
             in
             all
             Records
             and
             Instruments
             of
             publique
             Cognisance
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             it
             was
             transported
             to
             his
             Grandchild
             Gothofred
             
             the
             Second
             ,
             who
             dying
             without
             Issue
             ,
             his
             Uncle
             Borellus
             entred
             upon
             the
             Possession
             of
             this
             Earldome
             ,
             and
             in
             his
             Line
             was
             it
             so
             successively
             fixed
             untill
             by
             an
             even
             Clew
             it
             descended
             to
             Raymond
             the
             Fifth
             ,
             who
             by
             Matching
             with
             Petronilla
             Daughter
             of
             Raymir
             the
             Second
             ,
             King
             of
             Aragon
             ,
             was
             by
             the
             Authority
             of
             that
             Alliance
             invested
             with
             the
             Diadem
             of
             that
             Kingdome
             ,
             and
             knit
             by
             a
             future
             Combination
             this
             Earldom
             to
             the
             Patrimony
             of
             that
             Scepter
             ,
             whose
             Successor
             was
             James
             the
             First
             ,
             King
             of
             Aragon
             and
             Lord
             of
             Catalonia
             ,
             (
             for
             so
             the
             Records
             of
             Spain
             seem
             to
             insinuate
             ,
             his
             Style
             was
             used
             in
             Coins
             and
             other
             Inscriptions
             )
             to
             whom
             St.
             Lewis
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             by
             Resignation
             and
             Surrender
             released
             that
             Vassalage
             and
             acknowledgement
             which
             was
             due
             from
             his
             Predecessors
             to
             the
             Diadem
             of
             France
             in
             the
             Year
             1260.
             and
             this
             King
             James
             to
             ballance
             and
             poize
             the
             Merit
             of
             so
             great
             an
             Obligation
             by
             a
             proportionate
             Compensation
             ,
             at
             the
             same
             time
             devested
             himself
             by
             a
             general
             Release
             of
             all
             his
             Right
             and
             Title
             to
             
               Carcassan
               ,
               B●ziers
               ,
               Nismes
            
             and
             some
             other
             considerable
             pieces
             in
             France
             ,
             in
             Tim●●
             of
             el●er
             Inscription
             relating
             as
             Appendages
             to
             the
             Revenue
             of
             that
             Crown
             .
             Thus
             have
             I
             represented
             in
             Landskip
             ,
             how
             Catalonia
             became
             twisted
             into
             the
             Demeasne
             and
             Royaltie
             of
             Aragon
             ,
             where
             it
             constantly
             reposed
             it self
             untill
             the
             Year
             1638.
             and
             then
             that
             Defection
             from
             the
             Crown
             of
             Spain
             ,
             which
             was
             occasion'd
             by
             
             the
             Invasion
             of
             the
             Liberties
             of
             the
             Catalans
             ,
             as
             was
             pretended
             by
             the
             Spaniard
             ,
             though
             those
             pretences
             were
             improv'd
             ,
             inflam'd
             and
             aggravated
             by
             the
             Arts
             and
             cloudy
             Stratagems
             of
             Cardinal
             Richelieu
             ,
             having
             torn
             it
             off
             from
             that
             Scepter
             ,
             it
             was
             by
             the
             Inhabitants
             modelled
             and
             fashioned
             into
             the
             shape
             of
             a
             Common-wealth
             ,
             but
             with
             a
             Reservation
             that
             it
             should
             still
             be
             under
             the
             Patronage
             and
             shelter
             of
             the
             Crown
             of
             France
             ,
             and
             in
             this
             Capacity
             it
             remained
             untill
             the
             sucbesseful
             Sword
             of
             
               Don
               John
            
             of
             Austria
             ,
             the
             Marquiss
             of
             Cerra
             ,
             and
             the
             Marquiss
             of
             Mortara
             so
             vigorously
             asserted
             the
             Interest
             of
             Spain
             ,
             that
             they
             wrung
             all
             Catalonia
             from
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             French
             ;
             and
             although
             this
             Nation
             by
             the
             concurrent
             Aid
             of
             the
             Catalans
             did
             retrive
             
               Puycerda
               ,
               Castiglione
            
             ,
             and
             some
             other
             pieces
             from
             the
             Spaniard
             ,
             yet
             the
             more
             principal
             part
             of
             Catalonia
             doe●●et
             after
             all
             these
             vast
             Concussions
             acknowledge
             no
             other
             Scepter
             but
             that
             which
             is
             swayed
             by
             the
             Hand
             of
             Philip
             the
             Fourth
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             ARAGON
             .
          
           
             ARAGON
             is
             fettered
             in
             on
             the
             East
             with
             the
             Land
             of
             Roussillon
             and
             the
             Pyrenean
             Hills
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             the
             two
             Castiles
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             Navarre
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             and
             South-East
             Catalonia
             and
             some
             part
             of
             Vanlentia
             .
             The
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             were
             the
             Celtiberi
             ,
             who
             spread
             themselves
             over
             a
             very
             considerable
             part
             of
             Spain
             ,
             styled
             
               Hispania
               Tarraconensis
            
             ,
             but
             originally
             had
             their
             Rise
             and
             Extraction
             from
             the
             Celtae
             an
             ancient
             People
             of
             France
             ,
             who
             being
             clogg'd
             and
             surcharg'd
             with
             superfluity
             of
             People
             ,
             advanced
             over
             the
             Pyrenean
             Hills
             ,
             and
             mingled
             with
             the
             Iberi
             ,
             the
             old
             Possessors
             of
             Aragon
             ;
             yet
             there
             were
             other
             Inhabitants
             of
             lesse
             importance
             ,
             as
             namely
             ,
             the
             Jaccetani
             ,
             the
             Lacetani
             with
             some
             part
             of
             the
             Editani
             ,
             and
             Ilergetes
             or
             Ilurcones
             ,
             that
             had
             their
             Concernment
             in
             this
             Province
             ,
             and
             thrived
             under
             the
             protection
             and
             shadow
             of
             the
             Nobler
             Colonies
             .
             And
             in
             this
             posture
             it
             remained
             until
             the
             Carthaginians
             endevouring
             to
             enlarge
             their
             Territories
             made
             it
             bow
             to
             their
             Government
             ;
             but
             here
             it
             had
             not
             long
             been
             resident
             ,
             when
             the
             power
             of
             the
             Romans
             growing
             paramount
             to
             theirs
             ,
             it
             was
             forced
             to
             submit
             to
             the
             more
             
             predominant
             strength
             of
             that
             Empire
             ,
             and
             to
             their
             Interest
             it
             was
             subservient
             ,
             untill
             it
             was
             ravished
             away
             by
             the
             prevailing
             Arms
             of
             the
             Goths
             ,
             whose
             Acquists
             here
             attended
             the
             Fate
             of
             Spain
             ,
             and
             was
             surrendred
             to
             the
             Moors
             in
             that
             publique
             Calamitie
             which
             was
             complicated
             with
             their
             Conquest
             .
             But
             about
             that
             time
             when
             the
             Foundations
             of
             the
             Kingdomes
             of
             Leon
             and
             Navarre
             were
             established
             ,
             one
             Aznarius
             a
             Person
             of
             an
             unbroken
             Courage
             ,
             disdaining
             any
             longer
             to
             lye
             panting
             under
             that
             load
             of
             Slavery
             which
             the
             Moors
             had
             cast
             upon
             him
             ,
             disengaged
             himself
             of
             the
             pressure
             ,
             and
             by
             many
             generous
             Conflicts
             with
             the
             Moors
             ,
             wherein
             he
             exhibited
             many
             Symptomes
             of
             an
             inexpugnable
             Courage
             ,
             he
             invested
             himself
             in
             the
             Possession
             of
             some
             Lands
             on
             the
             Banks
             of
             the
             River
             of
             Aragon
             ;
             but
             because
             he
             found
             his
             Power
             was
             too
             infirm
             and
             crazie
             to
             support
             his
             new
             Acquists
             without
             some
             collateral
             supply
             ,
             he
             put
             himself
             under
             the
             Protection
             of
             the
             King
             of
             Navarre
             about
             the
             Year
             775.
             
             And
             that
             Monarch
             ,
             both
             to
             excite
             and
             cherish
             so
             worthy
             a
             Vertue
             with
             some
             exemplary
             Guerdon
             ,
             dignified
             him
             with
             the
             Title
             of
             Earl
             of
             Aragon
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             it
             devolved
             by
             Descent
             to
             his
             Lineal
             Successor
             
               Fortunio
               Ximines
            
             ,
             in
             whom
             the
             Male
             Line
             determined
             ,
             so
             that
             Fortunio
             the
             Second
             King
             of
             Navarre
             ,
             in
             Right
             of
             his
             Mother
             Urraca
             who
             was
             his
             Sister
             and
             Heir
             ,
             was
             entitled
             to
             Aragon
             supported
             by
             this
             Alliance
             ,
             annexed
             
             this
             Province
             to
             Navarre
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             the
             Clew
             of
             Descent
             transmitted
             it
             to
             
               Sancho
               the
               Great
            
             King
             of
             Navarre
             ,
             who
             gave
             it
             to
             his
             Son
             Raymir
             begotten
             in
             unlawful
             Embraces
             ,
             to
             the
             prejudice
             of
             his
             Lawful
             Son
             Garcia
             ,
             who
             indeed
             justly
             merited
             this
             Disherision
             ,
             because
             he
             had
             by
             an
             unnatural
             Accusation
             endevoured
             to
             blast
             the
             Reputation
             of
             his
             Mother
             Queen
             Elvira
             Wife
             to
             his
             Father
             ,
             by
             besmearing
             her
             with
             the
             Calumnious
             Aspersion
             of
             Adultery
             ,
             from
             which
             black
             tincture
             she
             was
             assoil'd
             by
             the
             Noble
             and
             generous
             Assistance
             of
             Raymir
             above
             mentioned
             ,
             who
             offered
             to
             assert
             her
             Innocence
             by
             the
             solemn
             Decision
             of
             a
             mutual
             Combate
             with
             this
             Garcia
             ,
             which
             obliged
             his
             Father
             King
             Sancho
             to
             reflect
             with
             so
             benigne
             an
             eye
             on
             so
             great
             a
             Virtue
             ,
             that
             he
             thought
             the
             Earldome
             of
             Aragon
             a
             proportionate
             Guerdon
             to
             his
             Merit
             and
             Courage
             ,
             and
             translated
             the
             Coronet
             of
             this
             Province
             into
             a
             Diadem
             ,
             that
             the
             Reward
             designed
             him
             might
             swell
             into
             a
             more
             considerable
             Dimension
             ,
             and
             with
             more
             Lustre
             adorn
             his
             Temples
             ;
             and
             from
             this
             Raymir
             did
             there
             Issue
             out
             a
             Series
             of
             Kings
             that
             was
             never
             interrupted
             ,
             disturb'd
             ,
             or
             ravel'd
             in
             the
             Clew
             of
             Descent
             ,
             but
             in
             an
             even
             order
             went
             along
             untill
             the
             Line
             of
             Succession
             brought
             the
             Crown
             of
             Aragon
             to
             empale
             the
             Temples
             of
             Ferdinand
             sirnamed
             
               the
               Catholick
            
             ,
             who
             by
             Matching
             with
             Isabella
             the
             Heir
             of
             Castile
             ,
             linked
             and
             incorporated
             these
             two
             Kingdoms
             into
             one
             Body
             ,
             
             whose
             divided
             Interest
             being
             thus
             combined
             ,
             hath
             ever
             since
             continued
             fastned
             and
             tied
             up
             in
             so
             strict
             a
             Union
             ,
             that
             the
             Propriety
             of
             both
             these
             Kingdomes
             does
             now
             support
             and
             inforce
             the
             Grandeur
             of
             that
             Diadem
             which
             invests
             the
             Head
             of
             Philip
             the
             Fourth
             the
             instant
             Monarch
             of
             Spain
             .
          
        
         
           
             SPAIN
             .
          
           
             SPAIN
             in
             Times
             of
             an
             elder
             Complexion
             was
             the
             Stage
             where
             the
             Scene
             of
             much
             Contention
             and
             Bloudshed
             was
             established
             ,
             the
             Romans
             attempting
             with
             much
             eagernesse
             and
             Animosity
             to
             ravish
             away
             the
             Spanish
             Liberty
             ,
             and
             impose
             that
             yoke
             of
             Servitude
             on
             their
             Necks
             they
             had
             burdened
             and
             loaded
             the
             shoulders
             of
             other
             captived
             Nations
             with
             ,
             and
             the
             Spanish
             Inhabitants
             ,
             again
             endevouring
             with
             a
             generous
             vigour
             to
             assert
             their
             Native
             Franchises
             against
             their
             Eruptions
             ,
             and
             so
             to
             secure
             their
             Liberties
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             not
             be
             offered
             up
             an
             Oblation
             to
             the
             rapatious
             Tallons
             of
             the
             Roman
             Eagles
             ;
             but
             after
             many
             Conflicts
             commenced
             ,
             and
             the
             bloody
             Umpirage
             of
             several
             Battels
             ,
             the
             Spanish
             Body
             having
             exhaled
             its
             most
             active
             and
             vigorous
             Spirits
             at
             those
             breaches
             and
             wounds
             the
             successeful
             Swords
             of
             the
             Romans
             had
             torn
             and
             discompos'd
             
             the
             Bulk
             of
             their
             Empire
             withall
             ,
             fell
             a
             cheap
             Sacrifice
             to
             their
             Successe
             and
             Ambition
             ,
             and
             by
             a
             tame
             Submission
             put
             on
             those
             Fetters
             the
             Hands
             of
             these
             new
             Victors
             had
             designed
             to
             load
             them
             with
             ;
             and
             the
             Romans
             ,
             the
             better
             to
             manage
             and
             fortifie
             their
             new
             Acquists
             with
             a
             cautious
             improvement
             ,
             scattered
             several
             Colonies
             and
             Forts
             on
             those
             several
             Provinces
             which
             were
             circumscribed
             within
             the
             Continent
             of
             Spain
             ;
             a
             subsequent
             List
             of
             which
             I
             shall
             now
             represent
             to
             the
             Reader
             ,
             as
             likewise
             an
             exact
             Register
             of
             those
             Cities
             and
             Towns
             which
             in
             times
             of
             a
             more
             modern
             Inscription
             have
             like
             so
             many
             Phaenix's
             ascended
             into
             shape
             and
             order
             out
             of
             their
             antiquated
             Ruines
             .
          
           
             
             
               A
            
             
               ALCE
               a
               City
               of
               the
               Celtiberians
               ,
               was
               raz'd
               by
               Gracchus
               .
            
             
               Abdera
               now
               called
               Almeria
               ,
               and
               according
               to
               the
               Conjectures
               of
               some
               ,
               the
               place
               where
               now
               the
               City
               of
               Vera●s
               ●s
               situated
               .
            
             
               Abula
               ,
               now
               denominated
               Avila
               .
            
             
               Acci
               ,
               likely
               to
               be
               Guadix
               in
               Granada
               .
            
             
               Agra
               ,
               it
               is
               under
               Controversie
               whether
               it
               were
               placed
               in
               Spain
               or
               in
               Africk
            
             
               Arcobrica
               ,
               now
               styled
               Calataiub
               ,
               or
               else
               separated
               by
               no
               great
               distance
               from
               it
               .
            
             
               Assindon
               ,
               the
               place
               where
               now
               
                 Medina
                 Sidonia
              
               or
               Xeres
               in
               Andalusia
               is
               fixed
               .
            
             
               Astapa
               ,
               a
               Colony
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               was
               destroyed
               by
               Martius
               ,
               a
               Roman
               Commander
               under
               Scipio
               .
            
             
               Astigia
               ,
               reputed
               to
               be
               Eccia
               in
               Andalusia
               .
            
             
               Asturica
               or
               Astorga
               ,
               retains
               its
               primitive
               Appellation
               ,
               and
               continues
               a
               Bishoprick
               until
               this
               day
               .
            
             
               Ategua
               ,
               how
               this
               City
               is
               denominated
               now
               is
               represented
               by
               Ferrarius
               ,
               who
               asserts
               that
               
               it
               is
               now
               called
               Tebalaveia
               or
               Teiveila
               in
               Granada
               .
            
             
               Augusta
               ,
               a
               Name
               Common
               to
               many
               Towns
               in
               Spain
               ,
               yet
               when
               it
               is
               simply
               rehearsed
               or
               Registred
               without
               being
               yoked
               with
               any
               additional
               Denomination
               ,
               it
               is
               taken
               to
               signifie
               Bracar
               or
               Braga
               .
            
             
               Auriensis
               ,
               or
               
                 Aquae
                 Calidae
              
               ,
               now
               taken
               for
               the
               Bishoprick
               of
               Orenza
               or
               Orense
               in
               Gallicia
               .
            
             
               Auringa
               was
               an
               eminent
               City
               in
               Andalusia
               ,
               di●●antled
               and
               overturn'd
               by
               Scipio
               .
            
             
               A●s●●●a
               or
               Auxima
               ,
               at
               this
               present
               styled
               
                 Vic
                 d'Ossone
              
               ,
               an
               obscure
               Towne
               circumscribed
               within
               Catalonia
               .
            
             
               Auca
               ,
               an
               ancient
               City
               out
               of
               whose
               ruins
               Burgos
               is
               now
               started
               .
            
             
               Axenium
               ,
               where
               that
               was
               situated
               ,
               or
               what
               City
               was
               extracted
               from
               its
               Ashes
               is
               uncertain
               .
            
          
           
             
               B
            
             
               Barcina
               or
               Rubicata
               ,
               now
               call'd
               Barcelona
               ,
               the
               Capital
               City
               of
               Catalonia
               .
            
             
               Bastitania
               now
               known
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               Baza
               ,
               in
               the
               Province
               of
               Murcia
               .
            
             
               Bregetium
               ,
               in
               old
               Records
               denominated
               likewise
               
                 Lucus
                 Astu●um
              
               is
               now
               the
               City
               of
               Ovi●do
               in
               Leon.
               
            
             
               Biaria
               ,
               now
               called
               Barra
               ,
               is
               in
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               Toledo
               .
            
             
               
                 Bigastrensis
                 Civitas
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Urbs
                 Bistargensis
              
               ,
               was
               a
               Bishoprick
               situated
               in
               the
               Province
               of
               Carthagena
               .
            
             
               
               Bigerra
               ,
               now
               styled
               Beijar
               ,
               is
               contiguous
               in
               its
               position
               to
               Valentia
               .
            
             
               
                 Britolensis
                 Urbs
              
               ,
               was
               a
               Town
               near
               Tuy
               in
               Gallicia
               .
            
          
           
             
               C
            
             
               Cauca
               ,
               was
               a
               City
               in
               the
               Territory
               of
               the
               Vacceni
               ,
               and
               scituated
               in
               Portugall
               ,
               ruined
               by
               Lucullus
               the
               Roman
               General
               .
            
             
               Carmona
               was
               a
               Town
               near
               Cordova
               ,
               demolished
               by
               the
               Goths
               .
            
             
               Cauria
               ,
               at
               this
               day
               denominated
               Coria
               ,
               and
               is
               placed
               near
               Merida
               .
            
             
               
                 Caesarea
                 Augusta
              
               ,
               or
               Salduba
               ,
               now
               Sarragossa
               ,
               the
               Metrapolis
               of
               Arragon
               .
            
             
               Calaguris
               ,
               now
               represented
               under
               the
               Name
               of
               Calahorra
               ,
               in
               Navarre
               .
            
             
               Colimbrica
               or
               Conimbrica
               ,
               now
               Coimbra
               ,
               an
               eminent
               University
               in
               Portugall
               .
            
             
               
                 Carthago
                 Nova
              
               ,
               or
               Carthagena
               ,
               which
               still
               retains
               its
               pristine
               Name
               and
               though
               now
               fallen
               under
               some
               Umbrage
               and
               obscurity
               ,
               was
               in
               elder
               Times
               one
               of
               the
               most
               eminent
               Cities
               of
               Spain
               .
            
             
               Castulo
               ,
               at
               this
               day
               styled
               Castona
               ,
               and
               is
               scituated
               near
               Sevill
               .
            
             
               Centobrica
               in
               Celtiberia
               ,
               was
               reduced
               to
               the
               Roman
               obedience
               by
               Metellus
               ,
               since
               crumbled
               into
               Rubbish
               .
            
             
               Complutum
               ,
               out
               of
               w●ose
               Rubbish
               ,
               the
               noted
               and
               Illustrious
               Unive
               sity
               of
               
                 Alcala
                 de
                 Henarez
              
               in
               C●stile
               ,
               is
               now
               risen
               forth
               .
            
             
               
               Conistorgis
               was
               a
               Colony
               in
               Portugall
               ,
               long
               since
               mouldred
               into
               a
               neglected
               heap
               .
            
             
               Colenda
               was
               a
               City
               of
               the
               Celtiberians
               .
            
             
               Corduba
               gave
               Na●e
               to
               the
               whole
               Province
               wherein
               it
               was
               placed
               ,
               and
               preserves
               the
               ancient
               Appellation
               ,
               and
               continues
               a
               Bishoprick
               untill
               this
               day
               .
            
          
           
             
               D
            
             
               Dertosa
               ,
               now
               called
               Tortosa
               ,
               and
               is
               scituated
               upon
               the
               River
               of
               Ebro
               ,
               which
               separates
               Catalonia
               and
               Valentia
               .
            
             
               Di●ni●m
               ,
               now
               styled
               Denia
               ,
               is
               placed
               in
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               Toledo
               .
            
          
           
             
               E
            
             
               
                 CIvitas
                 Egarensis
              
               ,
               was
               the
               Residence
               of
               a
               People
               call'd
               Egur●●
               ,
               out
               of
               whose
               Ashes
               sprang
               a
               town
               in
               Toledo
               ,
               styled
               
                 Medina
                 del
                 Rio
                 Secco
              
               .
            
             
               Egedita
               ,
               now
               a
               little
               ●ourg
               in
               Portugall
               called
               Edania
               .
            
             
               Egosa
               or
               Egiba
               ,
               is
               a
               Town
               which
               still
               continues
               its
               ancient
               Appellation
               ,
               and
               is
               situated
               near
               Girona
               in
               Catalonia
               .
            
             
               Ebora
               ,
               now
               is
               known
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               Euora
               ,
               and
               is
               placed
               in
               Portugall
               ,
               and
               is
               at
               this
               instant
               ascended
               to
               that
               Eminence
               that
               it
               is
               become
               the
               Residence
               of
               the
               Kings
               of
               Portugal
               .
            
             
               
               Elib●●is
               ,
               was
               in
               Ages
               of
               an
               higher
               step
               ,
               a
               populous
               and
               spatious
               City
               ,
               though
               in
               Times
               of
               a
               lower
               Descent
               ,
               it
               shrunk
               into
               the
               narrow
               Bulk
               of
               a
               Castle
               ;
               but
               it
               is
               conjectur'd
               that
               Granado
               ,
               not
               far
               distant
               ,
               owes
               part
               of
               its
               Dimension
               and
               Grandeur
               to
               its
               superannuated
               Ruins
               .
            
             
               Eliocrota
               ,
               was
               scituated
               betwixt
               Carthagena
               and
               Cas●ona
               ,
               but
               was
               by
               the
               Fury
               and
               frequent
               Onsets
               of
               the
               Vandalls
               ,
               rendred
               so
               inconsiderable
               an
               heap
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               now
               entombed
               in
               its
               own
               Rubbish
               .
            
             
               Elna
               ,
               was
               placed
               in
               Gallia-Narbonensis
               ,
               and
               is
               now
               shrunk
               into
               Decay
               and
               Oblivion
               .
            
             
               Emirita
               ,
               at
               this
               instant
               called
               Merida
               ,
               is
               placed
               in
               Castile
               ,
               and
               hath
               nothing
               singular
               to
               ennoble
               it
               ,
               but
               onely
               some
               venerable
               Ruines
               .
            
             
               Eminium
               or
               Euminium
               ,
               is
               placed
               in
               Portugal
               ,
               betwixt
               Coimbra
               and
               Porto
               ;
               but
               it
               is
               now
               crumbl'd
               away
               into
               such
               a
               narrow
               heap
               ,
               that
               it
               hath
               at
               present
               ,
               found
               a
               forgotten
               Sepulcher
               .
            
             
               Ergavica
               ,
               now
               a
               Town
               in
               Aragon
               ,
               called
               Alcanez
               .
            
             
               Escadia
               ,
               was
               a
               City
               scituated
               in
               Lusitania
               ,
               reduced
               to
               Ruines
               by
               the
               Roman
               Conquests
               .
            
          
           
             
               F
            
             
               FLaviobriga
               ,
               a
               City
               in
               Biscay
               ,
               which
               mouldering
               away
               by
               the
               injurious
               Impressions
               of
               Time
               ,
               and
               the
               Assaults
               of
               Enemies
               ,
               fell
               into
               decay
               and
               Rubbish
               .
            
             
               Bilbao
               ,
               the
               Capital
               
               City
               of
               that
               Province
               ,
               was
               extracted
               from
               its
               Sepulcher
               .
            
             
               
                 Flavium
                 Brigantium
              
               now
               passes
               under
               the
               Notion
               of
               Corvina
               ,
               in
               Gallicia
               .
            
             
               Flavinavia
               ,
               was
               scituated
               in
               Asturia
               ,
               and
               hath
               now
               atchieved
               the
               name
               of
               St.
               Andero
               .
            
          
           
             
               G
            
             
               GAdes
               ,
               an
               ancient
               Town
               of
               Spain
               ,
               in
               more
               modern
               Orthographie
               written
               Cadez
               .
            
             
               Gerunda
               ,
               in
               Catalonia
               ,
               is
               now
               marshal'd
               under
               the
               Name
               of
               Girona
               .
            
             
               Gerabrica
               or
               Jeraabrica
               ,
               is
               placed
               in
               Portugall
               ,
               betwixt
               Lisbon
               and
               
                 St.
                 Irene
              
               ,
               but
               is
               now
               by
               the
               rude
               hand
               of
               Time
               ,
               crushed
               into
               so
               disordered
               a
               Masse
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               removed
               but
               a
               small
               preferment
               from
               the
               notion
               of
               a
               Village
               .
            
             
               Gemella
               ,
               was
               a
               Fortresse
               in
               Portugal
               ,
               what
               Name
               it
               hath
               since
               been
               habituated
               to
               ,
               is
               uncertain
               .
            
             
               Girniza
               ,
               a
               City
               of
               the
               Vacceans
               ,
               demolished
               by
               
                 Titus
                 Didius
              
               .
            
          
           
             
               H
            
             
               HIspalis
               ,
               in
               Andalusia
               ,
               is
               now
               listed
               under
               the
               Name
               of
               Sevil
               ,
               and
               is
               the
               Metrapolis
               of
               that
               Track
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               I
            
             
               IAcca
               was
               the
               principal
               City
               of
               the
               Jaccetani
               ,
               in
               Aragon
               ,
               and
               still
               preserves
               its
               name
               .
            
             
               Ilerda
               ,
               was
               scituated
               in
               Catalonia
               ,
               and
               is
               now
               styled
               Lerida
               .
            
             
               Ilice
               ,
               in
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Valentia
               respecting
               the
               Islands
               Pitieuses
               ,
               and
               adopted
               that
               eminent
               Bay
               call'd
               
                 Sinus
                 Ilicitanus
              
               into
               its
               own
               Sirname
               ,
               but
               where
               this
               Town
               or
               the
               Rags
               and
               Skeleton
               of
               it
               ,
               have
               found
               their
               Enterment
               ,
               no
               Beam
               extracted
               from
               publique
               Record
               ,
               can
               direct
               to
               a
               Discovery
               .
            
             
               Ilipa
               was
               a
               City
               scituated
               in
               the
               Straight
               of
               Boetica
               ,
               It
               is
               supposed
               to
               be
               Niebla
               in
               Portugall
               .
            
             
               Illiturgis
               ,
               was
               scituated
               in
               Andalusia
               ,
               and
               was
               put
               into
               Flame
               and
               Ashes
               by
               Scipio
               .
            
             
               
                 Julio
                 Briga
              
               ,
               an
               antiquated
               Colony
               ,
               is
               now
               Logrogno
               in
               Aragon
               .
            
             
               Illiberis
               ,
               was
               a
               City
               in
               Roussillon
               ,
               divided
               by
               no
               great
               distance
               from
               the
               
                 Pyrenean
                 Hills
              
               ,
               out
               of
               whose
               Rubbish
               Coliure
               or
               Colibre
               ,
               a
               City
               now
               extant
               ,
               had
               its
               original
               Institution
               .
            
             
               
                 Civitas
                 Imotinensis
              
               ,
               is
               by
               some
               Conjectures
               now
               asserted
               to
               be
               Montanches
               not
               far
               distant
               from
               Merida
               .
            
             
               Imopyreneus
               or
               Rhoda
               is
               at
               this
               day
               called
               Roses
               and
               is
               a
               City
               of
               Eminence
               in
               Catalonia
               ,
               it
               was
               built
               by
               the
               Rhodians
               .
            
             
               
                 Empuria
                 Urbs
                 Impuritana
              
               or
               Emporitana
               ,
               
               though
               languish'd
               into
               Decay
               hath
               from
               its
               Skeleton
               afforded
               a
               Town
               call'd
               Empuria
               now
               plac'd
               in
               Catalonia
               .
            
             
               
                 Julia
                 Libica
              
               is
               now
               that
               City
               we
               stile
               Sardona
               or
               Cardona
               ,
               a
               City
               existent
               in
               Catalonia
               ,
               or
               as
               some
               conjecture
               Linca
               .
            
             
               Jugastria
               or
               Juncaria
               was
               Scituated
               in
               Catalonia
               and
               is
               in
               more
               modern
               Appellation
               stil'd
               Junquera
               .
            
             
               Intercatia
               was
               plac'd
               amongst
               the
               Astures
               ,
               but
               what
               Denomination
               it
               hath
               acquir'd
               now
               no
               Record
               does
               exhibit
               .
            
             
               
                 Iria
                 Flavia
              
               is
               at
               this
               instant
               stil'd
               Padron
               and
               hath
               its
               Scituation
               near
               
                 Terrae
                 Finis
              
               in
               Gallicia
               .
            
             
               Italica
               an
               ancient
               City
               in
               Andaluzia
               ,
               is
               now
               entomb'd
               in
               its
               own
               Ruines
               and
               wild
               Dispersion
               .
            
          
           
             
               L
            
             
               LAmbria
               was
               no
               far
               Distance
               divided
               from
               the
               Margent
               of
               the
               River
               of
               Limia
               in
               Portugall
               ,
               but
               what
               name
               it
               hath
               obtained
               now
               is
               incertain
               .
            
             
               Lacobrica
               there
               were
               two
               Towns
               which
               bore
               this
               Denomination
               ,
               the
               one
               at
               
                 Cape
                 St.
                 Vincent
              
               ,
               the
               second
               near
               Palenza
               it
               is
               now
               conjectur'd
               to
               be
               Lagos
               .
            
             
               Lameca
               now
               passes
               under
               the
               Denomination
               of
               Lamega
               ,
               and
               is
               a
               noted
               City
               in
               Portugall
               .
            
             
               
                 Luci
                 Tarum
              
               is
               now
               stil'd
               
                 St.
                 Lucar
                 di
                 Barameda
              
               in
               Andalusia
               .
            
             
               
               Lancia
               was
               in
               elder
               times
               the
               Metrapolis
               of
               Asturia
               ,
               though
               now
               wholly
               devested
               both
               of
               Bulk
               and
               Beauty
               .
            
             
               Laurona
               was
               an
               ancient
               City
               made
               an
               heap
               of
               Flame
               and
               Ruines
               by
               Sertorius
               even
               in
               the
               presence
               of
               Pompey
               .
            
             
               Legio
               is
               at
               this
               instant
               stil'd
               Leon
               ,
               and
               is
               the
               Capital
               City
               of
               that
               province
               .
            
             
               Lucia
               or
               
                 Urbs
                 Lucensis
              
               was
               an
               ancient
               Colony
               now
               known
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               Lugo
               in
               Gallicia
               .
            
          
           
             
               M
            
             
               MAlaca
               at
               present
               called
               Malaga
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               most
               eminent
               Cities
               of
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               Granada
               .
            
             
               Mentesa
               now
               Monteio
               or
               else
               Jaen
               in
               Andalusia
               .
            
             
               Munda
               was
               a
               City
               of
               the
               Vacceans
               Eminent
               for
               the
               Battle
               between
               the
               two
               Pompeys
               and
               Caesar
               ,
               it
               is
               now
               obscure
               in
               its
               own
               Ruines
               unlesse
               Ronda
               be
               started
               from
               it
               .
            
          
           
             
               N
            
             
               NOvi●m
               in
               Gallicia
               is
               now
               faln
               under
               the
               Name
               of
               Noya
               .
            
             
               Numantia
               after
               a
               tough
               Seige
               buryed
               in
               its
               own
               Ruines
               ,
               by
               Scipio
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               O
            
             
               OBoliola
               was
               a
               City
               upon
               the
               Verge
               of
               Portugal
               ,
               which
               was
               demolished
               and
               destroyed
               by
               
                 Quintus
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
                 Servilianus
              
               in
               his
               War
               commenc'd
               against
               Viriatus
               .
            
             
               Occi
               or
               Acci
               is
               now
               involved
               in
               Guadix
               ,
               Scituated
               in
               Valentia
               .
            
             
               Ocilis
               or
               Ocelona
               was
               a
               City
               near
               Merida
               ,
               now
               so
               wrap'd
               up
               in
               its
               own
               disordred
               and
               confused
               dispersions
               that
               it
               its
               difficult
               to
               trace
               out
               its
               rubbish
               even
               amidst
               its
               ruines
               .
            
             
               Olisipo
               now
               known
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               Lisbon
               the
               Metrapolis
               of
               Portugal
               .
            
             
               Orcelis
               whose
               Bishop
               was
               at
               the
               Councell
               of
               Arles
               ,
               it
               was
               fixed
               in
               Valentia
               .
               It
               is
               now
               Denominated
               Origu●la
               .
            
             
               Or●tana
               now
               stil'd
               Calatrava
               ,
               the
               Seminary
               of
               Knights
               of
               that
               Order
               ,
               was
               in
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               Toledo
               .
            
             
               Osca
               that
               is
               Huesea
               in
               Aragon
               a
               Bishoprick
               and
               a
               University
               .
            
             
               Ossobona
               was
               in
               Algarbe
               not
               far
               divided
               from
               Faro
               which
               by
               the
               Moors
               was
               named
               Exuba
               .
            
             
               Oxovia
               in
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               Toledo
               stil'd
               by
               
                 Plyny
                 Uxania
              
               at
               this
               instant
               it
               is
               known
               by
               the
               Appellation
               of
               Osona
               ,
               and
               is
               honoured
               by
               being
               the
               See
               of
               Bishop
               .
            
             
               Oxthraca
               a
               City
               of
               eminent
               note
               in
               the
               ancient
               Lusitania
               destroyed
               by
               Atilius
               or
               
                 Acilius
                 Balbus
              
               one
               of
               the
               Roman
               Commanders
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               P
            
             
               
                 PAx
                 Augusta
              
               an
               Eminent
               Roman
               Colony
               in
               Extremadura
               now
               still'd
               Badaisos
               and
               by
               the
               Moors
               in
               elder
               times
               named
               Baxang●
               .
            
             
               Palentia
               or
               Palantia
               in
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Toledo
               ,
               continues
               listed
               under
               that
               Name
               and
               remains
               a
               Bishoprick
               at
               this
               Day
               .
            
             
               Pampelona
               continues
               still
               espoused
               to
               its
               ancient
               Name
               ,
               and
               is
               at
               this
               instant
               the
               Capitall
               City
               of
               Navarre
               .
            
             
               Placentia
               is
               Situated
               in
               Castile
               and
               preserves
               its
               ancient
               Denomination
               at
               this
               instant
               .
            
             
               Porto
               or
               Portogallo
               ,
               is
               placed
               in
               Lusitania
               ,
               and
               is
               that
               City
               which
               at
               present
               is
               nam'd
               Portoport
               .
            
          
           
             
               S
            
             
               SAguntum
               was
               destroyed
               by
               Hannibal
               out
               of
               whose
               Ashes
               Morviedro
               in
               Valentia
               is
               now
               descended
               .
            
             
               Sanuessa
               is
               now
               Sanguessa
               in
               Navarre
               .
            
             
               Salmantica
               or
               Elmantica
               is
               circumscribed
               within
               the
               Limits
               of
               Castile
               ,
               and
               hath
               now
               assumed
               the
               Denomination
               of
               Salamanca
               ,
               being
               both
               a
               Bishoprick
               ,
               and
               an
               eminent
               University
               .
            
             
               Segobia
               or
               Secobia
               is
               Scituated
               likewise
               in
               
               Castile
               ,
               and
               with
               a
               small
               variation
               from
               the
               ancient
               name
               is
               now
               stil'd
               Segovia
               .
            
             
               Segobrica
               is
               the
               Town
               called
               Segorbia
               in
               Aragon
               .
            
             
               Seguntia
               or
               Saguntia
               ,
               now
               named
               Siguenza
               is
               placed
               between
               Castile
               and
               Aragon
               ,
               and
               is
               made
               eminent
               by
               being
               the
               See
               of
               a
               Bishop
               .
            
             
               Senga
               in
               Aragon
               ,
               hath
               now
               contracted
               the
               name
               of
               Balbastro
               .
            
             
               Segissama
               hath
               now
               atcheived
               the
               name
               of
               Tordede●illas
               .
            
             
               Sediga
               was
               a
               noted
               City
               of
               the
               Arevaces
               ,
               and
               was
               extinguish'd
               and
               dismantel'd
               in
               the
               Conflicts
               and
               Contentions
               between
               Spain
               and
               the
               Romans
               .
            
             
               Setabis
               is
               the
               Town
               Xat●va
               now
               a
               Limb
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Aragon
               .
            
             
               Septimantia
               now
               stil'd
               Simanca
               ,
               is
               a
               Town
               which
               is
               Scituated
               in
               
                 Castile
                 ..
              
            
             
               Scalabis
               was
               an
               eminent
               Roman
               Colony
               in
               Portugall
               ,
               how
               it
               is
               stil'd
               now
               is
               incertain
               .
            
             
               Sarabris
               or
               Sentilla
               was
               Scituated
               in
               Castile
               ,
               and
               is
               now
               Marshall'd
               under
               the
               name
               of
               Zamora
               or
               Toro
               .
            
             
               Sitia
               was
               erected
               in
               the
               Province
               of
               Corduba
               ,
               but
               what
               Name
               it
               hath
               assumed
               at
               this
               instant
               no
               Record
               does
               discover
               .
            
             
               Sitale
               o●
               Sitiale
               was
               established
               in
               the
               Track
               of
               Andalusia
               ,
               what
               Denomination
               it
               hath
               now
               put
               on
               we
               cannot
               at
               present
               trace
               out
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               T
            
             
               TArracona
               was
               Scituated
               in
               Catalonia
               ,
               and
               at
               present
               is
               stil'd
               Tarragona
               ,
               being
               an
               Arch-Bishops
               Seat
               and
               the
               Second
               City
               for
               Eminence
               and
               Populacy
               in
               that
               Province
               .
            
             
               Talabriga
               hath
               now
               obtained
               the
               appellation
               of
               Talavera
               and
               is
               circumscribed
               in
               Portugall
               .
            
             
               Tartessus
               ,
               now
               stil'd
               Carteia
               ,
               is
               Scituated
               in
               Andaluzia
               ,
               and
               gave
               the
               Name
               to
               the
               whole
               Track
               .
            
             
               Trebia
               and
               Tribola
               were
               two
               eminent
               Cities
               in
               Castile
               and
               the
               Old
               Lusitania
               both
               cast
               into
               a
               heap
               of
               Rubbish
               in
               the
               Wars
               of
               the
               Romans
               waged
               with
               the
               people
               of
               that
               Province
               .
            
             
               Thermissa
               was
               in
               times
               of
               an
               elder
               Complexion
               a
               City
               of
               the
               Vacceans
               or
               Arevaces
               ,
               and
               was
               demolished
               by
               the
               Consull
               
                 Titus
                 Didius
              
               .
            
             
               Thermantia
               was
               an
               ancient
               City
               of
               Spain
               not
               far
               distant
               from
               Numantia
               now
               by
               the
               Injuries
               of
               time
               shrunk
               into
               Decay
               and
               Oblivion
               ,
               only
               it
               is
               supposed
               
                 Nuestra
                 Sennora
                 de
                 Tiermas
              
               in
               Aragon
               is
               now
               extracted
               from
               its
               Tomb.
               
            
             
               Toletum
               is
               that
               eminent
               City
               ,
               we
               now
               stile
               Toledo
               being
               an
               Archbishoprick
               and
               the
               Metropolis
               of
               Castile
               .
            
             
               Turiasso
               now
               the
               Town
               Tarrasso
               which
               had
               its
               position
               near
               the
               
               Limits
               of
               Navarr
               .
            
             
               Tucca
               was
               Scituated
               in
               Betica
               near
               Castulo
               ,
               what
               name
               is
               fix'd
               upon
               it
               now
               I
               cannot
               discover
               .
            
             
               Tuda
               or
               Tyda
               is
               now
               adopted
               into
               the
               name
               of
               Tuy
               in
               Gallicia
               and
               is
               adorn'd
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               a
               Bishop
               .
            
             
               Tullica
               was
               placed
               in
               Cantabria
               or
               Biscay
               ,
               but
               what
               denomination
               it
               hath
               borrowed
               since
               no
               Beam
               of
               Antiquity
               does
               exhibit
               to
               us
               .
            
             
               
                 Turris
                 Julia
              
               is
               now
               compacted
               into
               the
               more
               modern
               Name
               of
               Trugillo
               in
               Portugall
               .
            
          
           
             
               V
            
             
               VAlentia
               or
               Valence
               ,
               is
               at
               this
               instant
               an
               eminent
               Arch-Bishoprick
               ▪
               and
               affords
               a
               Name
               to
               the
               whole
               Province
               where
               it
               is
               scituated
               ,
               preserving
               both
               its
               Name
               and
               Antiquity
               .
            
             
               Valeria
               ,
               had
               its
               first
               erection
               in
               the
               Province
               of
               Arragon
               ,
               and
               hath
               at
               this
               instant
               got
               the
               Appellation
               of
               Co●cia
               or
               Cuenca
               .
            
             
               
                 Vasco
                 Baso
              
               ,
               was
               an
               eminent
               City
               of
               the
               Vascones
               now
               languished
               into
               an
               obscure
               Town
               in
               Navarre
               ,
               call'd
               Basconton
               .
            
             
               Veila
               ,
               was
               an
               ancient
               City
               in
               Cantabria
               ,
               now
               languished
               into
               neglected
               Ruines
               .
            
             
               Vesci
               ,
               is
               now
               stiled
               Viseo
               ,
               and
               is
               a
               noted
               Town
               in
               Portugall
               .
            
             
               Urci
               ,
               was
               an
               ancient
               Roman
               Colony
               ,
               not
               far
               removed
               from
               Almeria
               in
               Castile
               ,
               now
               shrunk
               by
               Decay
               into
               
               an
               inconsiderable
               Obscurity
               .
            
             
               Urgela
               ,
               called
               likewise
               Bergidum
               ,
               is
               now
               Urgel
               ,
               a
               City
               ,
               and
               a
               Bishops
               See
               in
               Catalonia
               .
            
             
               Urbicua
               ,
               a
               Town
               of
               the
               Celtiberians
               ,
               put
               into
               Ruines
               by
               Q.
               
                 Fulvius
                 Flaccus
              
               ,
               a
               Roman
               Commander
               .
            
             
               Ucubis
               ,
               a
               Town
               in
               farther
               Spain
               ,
               now
               entombed
               not
               only
               in
               its
               own
               Rubbish
               ,
               but
               in
               oblivion
               likewise
               ;
               onely
               it
               is
               conjectured
               Ucubi
               in
               Granada
               ,
               is
               a
               child
               of
               its
               production
               .
            
             
               Uxama
               ,
               an
               ancient
               Colony
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               is
               fallen
               into
               so
               obscure
               a
               Decay
               that
               it
               hath
               lost
               both
               its
               Name
               and
               the
               place
               of
               its
               abode
               ,
               so
               that
               it
               is
               now
               extant
               only
               in
               Record
               and
               Annals
               .
            
             
               Vellica
               ,
               was
               in
               Navarre
               ,
               whose
               dispersed
               Rubbish
               was
               in
               the
               Year
               1181.
               by
               Sancho
               the
               fourth
               ,
               King
               of
               Navarre
               ,
               Collected
               into
               a
               City
               ,
               whose
               Denomination
               in
               Memory
               of
               some
               Successe
               upon
               its
               first
               Institution
               was
               Victoria
               .
            
             
               Viminacium
               ,
               was
               placed
               in
               Castile
               ,
               but
               what
               Town
               is
               now
               descended
               from
               its
               Ruins
               ,
               the
               testimony
               of
               History
               does
               not
               exhibit
               to
               us
               .
            
             
               Virovesca
               in
               Old
               Castile
               ,
               hath
               now
               put
               on
               the
               Name
               of
               Briviesca
               ,
               or
               Birviesca
               .
            
             
               Voluce
               ,
               or
               Veluca
               ,
               hath
               from
               its
               Ashes
               given
               us
               Cannatanazor
               ,
               now
               in
               Valentia
               ,
            
             
               Urso
               ,
               hath
               f●om
               its
               Ruins
               been
               productive
               of
               Ossuna
               ,
               now
               plac'd
               in
               Andalusia
               .
            
          
           
           
             There
             are
             other
             Ancient
             Towns
             in
             Spain
             ,
             and
             its
             Circumabient
             Provinces
             ,
             which
             are
             Registered
             in
             
               Mela
               ,
               Strabo
               ,
               Ptolomie
               ,
               Pliny
            
             and
             Antoninus
             ;
             which
             because
             they
             have
             put
             on
             other
             Names
             ,
             I
             shall
             represent
             the
             first
             as
             they
             are
             Recorded
             in
             those
             Venerable
             Authours
             ,
             and
             exhibit
             the
             last
             as
             they
             lie
             enroll'd
             in
             the
             Spanish
             Histories
             ;
             as
             namely
             ,
          
           
             
               A
            
             
               ASta
               ,
               in
               Pliny
               is
               now
               Xeres
               ,
               in
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               Granada
               .
            
             
               
                 Augusta
                 Forma
              
               ,
               mentioned
               by
               the
               former
               Authour
               ,
               is
               now
               Eccia
               in
               Andalusia
               .
            
             
               
                 Aquae
                 Calidae
              
               ,
               enrolled
               in
               the
               Pages
               of
               Ptolomie
               ,
               is
               now
               Oreus
               or
               Orenza
               ,
               in
               Gallicia
               .
            
             
               Aspavia
               by
               Corduba
               ,
               mentioned
               by
               Ptolomy
               ,
               is
               stil'd
               Espeio
               .
            
             
               Alba
               in
               Antonnius
               ,
               is
               now
               Viana
               in
               Navarre
               ,
               which
               formerly
               afforded
               a
               Title
               to
               the
               King
               of
               Navarr's
               eldest
               Son
               ,
               who
               was
               stil'd
               Prince
               of
               Viana
               .
            
             
               Avia
               or
               Livia
               ,
               Register'd
               likewise
               by
               Antoninus
               ,
               is
               now
               Villalon
               in
               Castile
               .
            
             
               Alaba
               in
               Celtiberia
               or
               Biscay
               ,
               call'd
               so
               by
               Ptolomy
               ,
               hath
               now
               in
               more
               modern
               Appellation
               assum'd
               the
               Name
               of
               Alava
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               B
            
             
               BAlaria
               in
               Antoninus
               ,
               hath
               now
               assumed
               the
               name
               of
               Bara
               or
               Vera
               ,
               and
               is
               fixed
               in
               Castile
               .
            
             
               Baetulo
               or
               Betullo
               styled
               so
               by
               Mela
               is
               now
               named
               Badelona
               .
            
          
           
             
               C
            
             
               CErtima
               in
               Ptolemy
               is
               now
               Carthama
               in
               Castile
               .
            
             
               Caetobrix
               or
               Cetobrica
               ,
               recorded
               by
               Pliny
               and
               Antoninus
               ,
               is
               now
               either
               scituated
               in
               Portugall
               ,
               or
               else
               Almadas
               on
               the
               Mouth
               of
               the
               Tagus
               .
            
             
               Calpe
               or
               Heraclia
               in
               Antoninus
               ,
               is
               now
               Gibraltar
               in
               Andalusia
               .
            
             
               Carmela
               in
               Antoninus
               is
               now
               Carmon
               in
               Portugall
               .
            
             
               Cex
               mentioned
               in
               Ptolomy
               ,
               and
               Sexicanum
               registred
               in
               Antoninus
               ,
               is
               now
               
                 Velez
                 Malaga
              
               ,
               in
               the
               Province
               of
               Granada
               .
            
             
               Condabora
               in
               Ptolomy
               is
               now
               Siguenza
               in
               Castile
               .
            
             
               
                 Cecillia
                 Gemellina
              
               in
               Antoninus
               ,
               is
               now
               St.
               Mary
               of
               Guadalupe
               .
            
             
               Clunia
               remembred
               by
               Pliny
               and
               Livy
               ,
               was
               a
               Colony
               of
               the
               Arevaces
               ,
               and
               is
               now
               styled
               
                 Corunna
                 del
                 Conde
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Cividad
                 del
                 Castro
              
               ,
               both
               scituated
               in
               Castile
               .
            
             
               Cauca
               registred
               by
               Ptolomy
               ,
               is
               now
               that
               Coca
               which
               is
               scituated
               
               in
               
                 Old
                 Castile
              
               .
            
             
               Contestania
               mentioned
               by
               Ptolomy
               and
               Clusius
               ,
               is
               now
               shrunk
               into
               Concentayna
               in
               Valentia
               .
            
          
           
             
               E
            
             
               ELna
               in
               Roussillon
               ,
               mentioned
               by
               Antoninus
               ,
               was
               erected
               by
               the
               Celtae
               ,
               and
               still
               deserves
               its
               ancient
               Denomination
               .
            
          
           
             
               G
            
             
               GRacu●is
               was
               a
               Colony
               in
               
                 Hispania
                 Baetica
              
               ,
               instituted
               by
               Gracchus
               ,
               whose
               Memory
               is
               preserved
               in
               the
               Pages
               of
               Ptolomy
               and
               Antoninus
               ,
               and
               is
               now
               called
               Agreda
               ,
               being
               seated
               in
               Castile
               .
            
          
           
             
               I
            
             
               I
               Lorci
               recorded
               by
               Pl●ny
               ,
               is
               now
               that
               Town
               we
               call
               Lorca
               in
               Murcia
               .
            
             
               Illusias
               or
               Illusia
               ,
               so
               it
               is
               written
               in
               Ptolomy
               ,
               is
               now
               d●nominated
               ●ucena
               ,
               and
               is
               placed
               in
               Valentia
               .
            
             
               Illarco
               scituated
               in
               
                 New
                 Castile
              
               ,
               and
               styled
               so
               by
               Pliny
               ,
               hath
               now
               obtained
               the
               name
               of
               Alarco
               .
            
             
               Illuro
               or
               Diluron
               ,
               styled
               so
               in
               the
               Registers
               of
               Ptolomy
               ,
               is
               now
               called
               Alora
               ,
               being
               a
               Village
               in
               Catalonia
               .
            
             
               
               Ilarcuris
               ,
               named
               so
               by
               Ptolomy
               ,
               is
               placed
               on
               the
               Margin
               of
               New-Castile
               ,
               and
               is
               now
               called
               
                 Caros
                 de
                 los
                 Infantes
              
            
             
               Ildum
               .
               hath
               obtained
               that
               Name
               in
               the
               Itinerary
               of
               Antoninus
               ,
               and
               was
               seated
               in
               Valentia
               ,
               where
               it
               is
               now
               known
               by
               the
               name
               of
               Salsadella
               .
            
          
           
             
               L
            
             
               LAcuris
               or
               Larcuris
               ,
               whose
               remembrance
               is
               treasured
               up
               in
               Ptolomy
               ,
               and
               Surita
               is
               circumscribed
               within
               Castile
               ,
               and
               is
               now
               styled
               Loquera
               or
               Alarcos
               .
            
             
               Lebrisia
               in
               Ptolomy
               ,
               hath
               now
               from
               its
               Ruines
               given
               us
               Nebrissa
               in
               Andaluzia
               .
            
          
           
             
               M
            
             
               MAntua
               whose
               Appellation
               survives
               amongst
               the
               Leaves
               of
               Ptolomy
               ,
               is
               now
               supposed
               to
               be
               Madrid
               in
               Castile
               ,
               the
               eminent
               Residence
               of
               the
               King
               of
               Spain
               .
            
             
               Marcia
               offered
               up
               to
               our
               Remembrance
               by
               Pliny
               and
               Strabo
               ,
               is
               now
               Marchena
               in
               Andaluzia
               .
            
             
               Margis
               ,
               preserved
               from
               Oblivion
               by
               the
               Industry
               of
               Ptolomy
               ,
               is
               now
               conjectured
               to
               be
               Maxacra
               in
               Granada
               .
            
             
               Menralia
               ,
               whose
               name
               is
               enrolled
               in
               the
               Volume
               of
               the
               abovesaid
               Author
               ,
               is
               now
               the
               eminent
               City
               of
               Murcia
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               N
            
             
               
                 NOrba
                 Caesarea
              
               ,
               though
               ●●bverted
               and
               demolished
               by
               Petreius
               and
               Afranius
               ,
               two
               of
               Pompey's
               Commanders
               ,
               yet
               it
               lives
               still
               in
               the
               Volumes
               of
               Ptolomy
               ,
               and
               Antoninus
               ,
               &
               hath
               contributed
               a
               Being
               to
               Alcantara
               in
               Portugal
               .
            
             
               Nemetobriga
               or
               Nemetobrica
               ,
               a
               ●own
               plac●d
               by
               Ptolomy
               in
               
                 Old
                 Casti●e
              
               ,
               is
               now
               called
               
                 Val●de
                 Nebro
              
               .
            
             
               Nebrissa
               so
               styled
               by
               Ptolomy
               ,
               but
               called
               Veneria
               in
               the
               Records
               of
               Pliny
               ,
               hath
               now
               contracted
               the
               Appellation
               o●
               ●ebrixa
               .
            
             
               Naebis
               is
               placed
               by
               ●●ra●o
               neer
               Viana
               in
               Portugal
               ,
               and
               is
               now
               called
               Neiva
               .
            
             
               Nagara
               is
               by
               Ptolomy
               represented
               to
               be
               a
               Town
               of
               
                 Hispania
                 Tarraconensis
              
               ,
               and
               hath
               acquired
               the
               name
               of
               Naira
               .
            
          
           
             
               P
            
             
               PInta
               registred
               by
               Ptolomy
               ,
               hath
               now
               transplanted
               its
               name
               into
               Valladolid
               .
            
             
               
                 Porta
                 Augusta
              
               is
               by
               Ptolomy
               likewise
               asserted
               to
               be
               a
               Town
               of
               Hispania
               or
               
                 Old
                 Caestile
              
               ,
               and
               hath
               now
               purchased
               the
               modern
               name
               of
               Torquemada
               .
            
             
               
                 Portus
                 Calensis
              
               was
               seated
               in
               Portugal
               ,
               and
               is
               named
               now
               
                 Porto
                 Port.
              
               
            
          
           
             
             
               R
            
             
               RUseino
               or
               Ruscino
               ,
               mentioned
               by
               Pliny
               ,
               is
               conjectured
               by
               some
               to
               be
               the
               Castle
               of
               Roussillon
               ,
               and
               by
               others
               to
               be
               Perpignan
               in
               that
               County
               .
            
             
               Rusticiana
               was
               placed
               by
               the
               Itinerary
               of
               Antoninus
               in
               
                 Old
                 Castile
              
               ,
               and
               is
               now
               as
               some
               contend
               named
               Castileo
               though
               others
               assert
               
                 Cividad
                 Roderigo
              
               ,
               was
               extracted
               originally
               out
               of
               its
               Ruines
               .
            
          
           
             
               S
            
             
               SAcili
               or
               Sacilis
               ,
               affirmed
               by
               the
               Registers
               of
               Pliny
               and
               Ptolomy
               ,
               to
               have
               been
               a
               Town
               of
               
                 Hispania
                 Baetica
              
               ,
               is
               now
               known
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               Alcorrucen
               in
               Granada
               .
            
             
               Salaria
               in
               Ptolomy's
               Time
               ,
               hath
               from
               its
               Remains
               afforded
               Siruela
               in
               
                 New
                 Castile
              
               or
               as
               some
               from
               very
               ancient
               Records
               do
               assert
               ,
               another
               Town
               styl'd
               Cazorlo
               .
            
             
               Salsulae
               in
               Roussillon
               nominated
               so
               by
               Stra●o
               ,
               is
               now
               faln
               under
               the
               Denomination
               of
               
                 Salses
                 ,
                 Selsona
              
               ,
               or
               Celsona
               ,
               for
               so
               they
               are
               promiscuously
               written
               in
               
               Ptolomy
               &
               other
               venerable
               Monuments
               of
               Antiquity
               ,
               hath
               from
               its
               Ashes
               contributed
               a
               new
               Production
               to
               Salsona
               in
               Catalonia
               .
            
             
               Segisama
               mentioned
               by
               Ptolomy
               and
               Orosius
               ,
               is
               now
               involved
               in
               Veyzama
               seated
               in
               Biscay
               .
            
             
               
                 Segortia
                 Lacta
              
               or
               Lata
               ,
               which
               owes
               for
               its
               Remembrance
               to
               Ptolomy
               ,
               is
               now
               wrapped
               up
               in
               Sepulveda
               ,
               scituated
               in
               Castile
               .
            
             
               Segobriga
               ,
               whose
               name
               occurs
               in
               Strabo
               and
               Pliny
               ,
               hath
               now
               assumed
               another
               Appellation
               ,
               and
               is
               styled
               
                 Cabezza
                 del
                 Griego
              
               ,
               being
               scituated
               in
               Valentia
               .
            
          
           
             
               T
            
             
               TUcci
               denominated
               likewise
               
                 Augusta
                 Gemella
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Gemella
                 Tuccitana
              
               ,
               as
               the
               Pages
               of
               Pliny
               and
               Ptolomy
               do
               abundantly
               testifie
               ,
               is
               now
               shrunk
               into
               a
               little
               Town
               in
               Andaluzia
               called
               Martos
               .
            
          
           
             
               V
            
             
               VIrgao
               ,
               whose
               Memory
               is
               improved
               by
               the
               Pen
               of
               Pliny
               ,
               is
               now
               called
               Vera
               in
               Granada
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Z
            
             
               ZAcantha
               was
               an
               ancient
               City
               in
               Spain
               ,
               entombed
               in
               its
               own
               Ruines
               ,
               by
               the
               successeful
               fury
               of
               Hanniball
               .
            
          
           
             There
             were
             other
             ancient
             Towns
             wrapped
             up
             within
             the
             limits
             of
             the
             Continent
             of
             Spain
             and
             Portugal
             ;
             as
             namely
             
               Al●hea
               ,
               Aronda
               ,
               Athanasia
               ,
               Arsa
               ,
               Anitorgis
               ,
               Cusibis
               ,
               Cunes
               ,
               Contrebia
               ,
               Evandria
               ,
               Hippo
               ,
               Ituca
               ,
            
             and
             Serezola
             ,
             which
             often
             occur
             in
             the
             Annalls
             of
             Spain
             ,
             which
             were
             so
             dismantled
             and
             defaced
             in
             the
             Wars
             commenced
             by
             the
             Romans
             with
             the
             Carthaginians
             ,
             and
             the
             Native
             Inhabitants
             of
             Spain
             ,
             and
             there
             memory
             now
             entombed
             in
             such
             inhospitable
             Ruines
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             a
             work
             of
             more
             perplexed
             Difficulty
             to
             trace
             out
             their
             Fragments
             and
             Remains
             ,
             which
             now
             lye
             treasured
             up
             in
             untractable
             Rubbish
             ,
             then
             it
             was
             for
             the
             Roman
             Generals
             first
             to
             subdue
             them
             .
          
           
           
             HAving
             taken
             a
             prospect
             of
             the
             Continent
             of
             Spain
             ,
             let
             us
             now
             lanch
             out
             into
             the
             Ocean
             ,
             and
             make
             a
             reflection
             on
             that
             Interest
             or
             concernment
             ,
             the
             Spanish
             Scepter
             is
             entituled
             to
             ,
             either
             in
             
               Africa
               ,
               Asia
            
             or
             America
             ;
             and
             the
             first
             of
             these
             new
             Acquists
             wh●ch
             does
             obviate
             our
             discovery
             are
             the
             Canaries
             ,
             which
             are
             in
             number
             seven
             ,
             and
             have
             contracted
             this
             Denomination
             from
             Canaria
             the
             principall
             Island
             .
             In
             ancient
             Records
             they
             are
             adorned
             with
             the
             Epithete
             of
             the
             Fortunate
             Islands
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             Arithmetick
             of
             Pliny
             and
             Ptolomy
             are
             computed
             but
             six
             ,
             but
             though
             they
             consent
             in
             their
             Number
             they
             disagree
             in
             their
             names
             .
             By
             Pliny
             they
             are
             said
             to
             be
             1
             Ombrio
             ,
             2
             
               Junonia
               Major
            
             ,
             3
             
               Junonia
               Minor
            
             ,
             4
             Capraria
             ,
             5
             Nivaria
             ,
             and
             6
             Canaria
             :
             But
             upon
             Ptolomies
             catalogue
             and
             account
             they
             are
             thus
             reckoned
             ,
             1
             Aprositus
             ,
             2
             Hera
             or
             Junonia
             ,
             3
             Pluitania
             ,
             4
             Casperia
             ,
             5
             Canaria
             and
             Pincuria
             .
             But
             more
             modern
             discoveries
             h●ving
             rectifyed
             former
             Surveys
             ,
             have
             improved
             the
             account
             to
             Seven
             ,
             now
             better
             known
             by
             the
             new
             Names
             of
             1
             Canaria
             ,
             2
             Palma
             ,
             3
             Teneriffa
             ,
             4
             Gomero
             ,
             5
             Ferrò
             ,
             6
             Lanserotte
             ,
             and
             7
             
               Fuerte
               Ventura
            
             .
          
           
             The
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             of
             these
             Islands
             were
             the
             Guanches
             ,
             who
             were
             (
             as
             ancient
             Relations
             discover
             to
             us
             )
             both
             rude
             and
             barbarously
             ignorant
             ,
             for
             their
             food
             was
             raw
             flesh
             ,
             for
             want
             either
             of
             the
             use
             or
             knowledge
             of
             Fire
             ;
             their
             earth
             they
             turned
             up
             with
             the
             Horns
             of
             Oxen
             ,
             
             being
             destitute
             of
             Ploughs
             or
             Instruments
             of
             Iron
             ;
             their
             Beards
             they
             shaved
             with
             a
             sharp
             Flint
             ,
             and
             transmitted
             the
             care
             of
             their
             Children
             to
             the
             Nursery
             of
             Goats
             .
             The
             Slaughter
             of
             Beasts
             was
             in
             their
             estimate
             the
             most
             ●ordid
             and
             de●picable
             employment
             ,
             and
             therefore
             was
             impos'd
             on
             Prisoners
             and
             persons
             devoted
             and
             conden
             ned
             to
             the
             Ignominy
             of
             a
             common
             execution
             ,
             who
             being
             the
             common
             Slaughtermen
             ,
             were
             to
             live
             separated
             from
             publique
             intercourse
             and
             Society
             ;
             yet
             notwithstanding
             this
             Barbarity
             ,
             the
             light
             of
             nature
             ,
             though
             it
             shined
             in
             them
             with
             a
             faint
             and
             sickly
             Beam
             ,
             yet
             was
             it
             not
             so
             extinguished
             but
             that
             it
             still
             did
             send
             forth
             those
             rayes
             ,
             which
             did
             guide
             them
             to
             resign
             themselves
             up
             to
             a
             Kingly
             Government
             ;
             for
             each
             Island
             was
             rul'd
             by
             a
             single
             person
             ,
             whose
             power
             and
             authority
             held
             some
             Proportion
             and
             Analogy
             to
             the
             Rule
             and
             Dominion
             of
             a
             King
             :
             but
             yet
             was
             their
             Government
             not
             so
             purely
             regall
             ,
             but
             that
             it
             was
             retrenched
             with
             the
             Dictates
             and
             Prescriptions
             of
             a
             comm●n
             Councell
             collected
             out
             of
             all
             the
             Islands
             ,
             and
             consisting
             of
             an
             130.
             who
             did
             not
             onely
             guide
             in
             Civill
             matters
             ,
             but
             direct
             and
             steer
             in
             Sacred
             also
             ,
             the
             People
             being
             by
             them
             conducted
             both
             in
             their
             Interest
             of
             State
             and
             that
             of
             conscience
             ,
             and
             obeyed
             their
             Prescripts
             ,
             which
             had
             an
             aspect
             on
             their
             faith
             and
             worship
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             an
             Influence
             on
             their
             Civill
             obedience
             .
          
           
             The
             knowledge
             of
             these
             Islands
             being
             lost
             with
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ,
             they
             lay
             conce●led
             
             untill
             about
             the
             year
             1330.
             when
             an
             English
             ,
             or
             as
             some
             affirm
             ,
             a
             French
             Ship
             ,
             did
             in
             the
             disorder
             of
             a
             Tempest
             fall
             upon
             them
             .
             Notice
             thereof
             being
             given
             to
             Alfonso
             the
             Fourth
             King
             of
             
               Portugall
               ,
               Lewis
               de
               Ordo
            
             was
             by
             that
             Prince
             designed
             to
             the
             conquest
             of
             them
             ,
             who
             being
             repulsed
             at
             
               Gomera
               Anno
            
             1334.
             abandoned
             the
             enterprise
             ,
             and
             only
             left
             some
             foundation
             for
             the
             Portuguese
             to
             establish
             a
             future
             Claim
             upon
             .
             But
             the
             News
             of
             this
             new
             discovery
             successively
             extending
             it self
             to
             the
             Court
             of
             Rome
             ,
             Pope
             Clement
             the
             sixth
             esteemed
             it
             convenient
             by
             a
             new
             Donation
             ,
             to
             transmit
             the
             Right
             and
             Title
             of
             them
             to
             Prince
             Lewis
             ,
             Son
             to
             
               Alfonso
               de
               la
               Cerda
            
             ,
             the
             indisputable
             Heir
             of
             Castile
             ;
             But
             nothing
             being
             effected
             by
             Lewis
             abovesaid
             in
             relation
             to
             the
             Popes
             concession
             ,
             some
             Adventurers
             of
             Biscay
             about
             the
             year
             1393.
             furnishing
             out
             some
             Ships
             from
             Sevill
             to
             recruit
             their
             ebbing
             Fortunes
             at
             Sea
             ,
             fell
             amongst
             these
             Islands
             ,
             and
             having
             observed
             the
             number
             ,
             greatnesse
             and
             scituation
             of
             them
             ,
             after
             their
             Pillaging
             of
             Lanserote
             ,
             returned
             into
             Spain
             with
             a
             considerable
             Cargo
             of
             Wax
             ,
             Hides
             ,
             and
             other
             Commodities
             ,
             which
             did
             ennoble
             the
             Riches
             and
             Fertility
             of
             these
             Islands
             ,
             and
             did
             so
             excite
             the
             appetite
             of
             Henry
             ,
             at
             that
             Instant
             King
             of
             Castile
             ,
             that
             for
             the
             future
             he
             did
             resolve
             toinvest
             himself
             in
             the
             Possession
             of
             them
             ;
             but
             though
             his
             Design
             was
             by
             death
             made
             abortive
             ,
             yet
             Katharine
             his
             Queen
             Dowager
             during
             the
             Minority
             of
             her
             Son
             King
             John
             the
             Second
             ,
             pursued
             
             the
             enterprize
             ,
             and
             employed
             
               John
               de
               Betancourt
            
             an
             active
             daring
             Frenchman
             in
             the
             conquest
             of
             them
             (
             with
             a
             condition
             annexed
             to
             hold
             them
             under
             the
             Soveraignty
             of
             the
             Crown
             of
             Spain
             )
             and
             he
             so
             well
             managed
             the
             undertaking
             that
             four
             of
             them
             were
             subdued
             ,
             but
             attempting
             to
             attaque
             the
             remainder
             ,
             he
             perished
             in
             the
             Action
             .
             In
             the
             year
             1417.
             young
             Betancourt
             the
             Son
             finding
             his
             Power
             not
             proportionate
             to
             the
             Conquest
             and
             reduction
             of
             Canaria
             the
             chief
             Island
             ,
             whither
             most
             of
             the
             Islanders
             had
             retired
             for
             Sanctuary
             ,
             fortified
             himself
             in
             Lanserote
             and
             assumed
             the
             Title
             of
             King
             ,
             which
             he
             transmitted
             to
             one
             Menault
             ,
             under
             whose
             Rule
             ,
             these
             Islands
             were
             reduced
             to
             the
             knowledge
             of
             Christianity
             ,
             having
             a
             Sea
             Episcopall
             established
             in
             the
             Isle
             of
             Lanserote
             .
             But
             this
             new
             Commander
             having
             ravel'd
             and
             disordered
             the
             Government
             of
             these
             Islands
             by
             many
             irregular
             excesses
             ,
             by
             the
             clamorous
             Importunity
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             in
             the
             Court
             of
             
               Castile
               ,
               Pedro
               Barva
               de
               Campos
            
             with
             three
             Ships
             of
             War
             was
             employed
             against
             him
             ,
             with
             whom
             Menault
             abovesaid
             being
             unable
             to
             grapple
             ,
             he
             with
             the
             approbation
             of
             the
             Crown
             of
             Castile
             ,
             conveyed
             his
             Interest
             in
             these
             Islands
             to
             
               Fernando
               Perez
            
             a
             Knight
             of
             vast
             wealth
             in
             Sevill
             ;
             from
             whom
             the
             Title
             and
             Propriety
             streamed
             down
             to
             his
             Successors
             ,
             but
             the
             posterity
             of
             this
             Perez
             were
             entitled
             to
             the
             possession
             of
             the
             four
             Lesser
             Islands
             only
             ,
             for
             Canaria
             it self
             ,
             Teneriffa
             and
             
               la
               Palma
            
             ,
             continued
             under
             the
             
             Scepter
             of
             their
             own
             Kings
             ,
             and
             so
             remained
             untill
             the
             rule
             of
             Ferdinand
             the
             Catholick
             ;
             who
             in
             the
             year
             1483.
             under
             the
             conduct
             of
             
               Alfonso
               de
               Muxica
            
             and
             
               Pedro
               de
               Vera
            
             two
             eminent
             and
             prosperous
             Leaders
             ,
             obtained
             the
             Empire
             and
             Dominion
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             translated
             the
             Episcopall
             See
             from
             Lanserote
             to
             Canaria
             .
             But
             as
             these
             Islands
             before
             this
             totall
             Conquest
             ,
             were
             by
             separation
             broken
             into
             two
             estates
             ,
             so
             do
             they
             remain
             at
             this
             Day
             ,
             though
             now
             one
             be
             subordinate
             to
             the
             other
             ,
             for
             
               Gomera
               ,
               Lanserote
            
             ,
             and
             Hierra
             ,
             or
             Ferro
             ,
             are
             resident
             in
             private
             hands
             ,
             but
             Canaria
             (
             where
             the
             prime
             Seat
             of
             Justice
             is
             fixed
             ,
             to
             which
             all
             the
             residue
             resort
             as
             their
             occasions
             oblige
             them
             )
             
               Palma
               ,
               Teneriffa
            
             ,
             and
             
               Fuerte
               Ventura
            
             ,
             are
             at
             this
             instant
             a
             Limb
             of
             that
             Demeasne
             which
             makes
             up
             the
             Patrimony
             of
             the
             Crown
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             AMERICA
             is
             the
             next
             Subject
             of
             our
             Discourse
             ,
             which
             if
             you
             measure
             it
             by
             parts
             and
             proportions
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             principal
             Territory
             of
             it
             both
             for
             Wealth
             and
             Dimension
             ,
             it
             is
             now
             subservient
             to
             the
             Dominion
             of
             the
             Crown
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             I
             shall
             now
             represent
             the
             first
             Discovery
             of
             those
             parts
             in
             the
             West-Indies
             ,
             that
             are
             now
             interwoven
             with
             the
             Demeasne
             of
             that
             Crown
             ;
             and
             first
             Cuba
             exacts
             our
             Consideration
             .
          
           
           
             It
             was
             one
             of
             the
             first
             Islands
             which
             was
             discovered
             by
             Columbus
             ,
             who
             having
             almost
             tyred
             and
             tortured
             the
             Expectation
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             with
             increasing
             hopes
             ,
             first
             fell
             upon
             Guahanani
             by
             Florida
             one
             of
             the
             Lucaios
             ,
             to
             which
             he
             gave
             the
             name
             of
             St.
             Saviours
             ;
             and
             from
             thence
             ●ailed
             to
             Baracoa
             on
             the
             North
             of
             the
             Island
             ,
             which
             he
             styled
             Fernandina
             in
             Honour
             of
             Ferainand
             the
             Catholique
             King
             of
             Castile
             and
             Arragon
             .
             The
             Inhabitants
             he
             found
             rude
             and
             ignorant
             ,
             not
             knowing
             the
             use
             of
             Money
             ,
             nor
             understanding
             the
             nice
             Intrigues
             of
             Meum
             and
             Tuum
             ,
             being
             Tenants
             in
             Common
             to
             those
             Blessings
             the
             Earth
             by
             a
             cheap
             and
             easie
             Birth
             produced
             ,
             and
             Coheirs
             of
             Nature
             :
             After
             this
             about
             the
             year
             1514.
             this
             Island
             was
             reviewed
             by
             
               Don
               Diego
               de
               Valasques
            
             ,
             by
             whose
             prudent
             conduct
             the
             Spaniards
             got
             such
             footing
             in
             it
             ,
             and
             made
             that
             footing
             good
             by
             so
             many
             Colonies
             ,
             that
             their
             Title
             and
             Possession
             was
             beyond
             dispute
             ,
             and
             so
             continues
             until
             this
             day
             .
          
           
             Hispaniola
             was
             fir●t
             Discovered
             by
             Columbus
             ,
             being
             conducted
             hither
             by
             some
             of
             the
             Natives
             of
             Cuba
             ,
             and
             having
             by
             his
             civil
             Compliance
             endeared
             the
             Affections
             of
             the
             Islanders
             ,
             he
             obtained
             license
             of
             one
             of
             the
             Kings
             or
             Caciques
             to
             erect
             a
             Fortresse
             here
             ,
             which
             he
             stiled
             Natividad
             ,
             which
             he
             Garrison'd
             with
             36.
             
             Spaniards
             ,
             who
             upon
             his
             departure
             were
             butchered
             by
             the
             per●idious
             Natives
             ,
             and
             the
             Fort
             dismantled
             .
             But
             on
             his
             return
             ,
             being
             better
             furnished
             for
             a
             
             second
             Plantation
             ,
             he
             erected
             the
             Town
             Isabella
             (
             stiled
             so
             in
             honour
             of
             Isabella
             Queen
             of
             Castile
             )
             near
             the
             Mines
             of
             Cibao
             ;
             which
             afterwards
             was
             also
             abandoned
             and
             the
             Colony
             transplanted
             to
             St.
             Domingo
             ,
             which
             was
             first
             built
             by
             
               Bartholomew
               Columbus
               ,
               Anno
            
             1494.
             on
             the
             East
             bank
             of
             the
             Ozama
             ;
             and
             afterwards
             in
             the
             Year
             1502.
             removed
             by
             
               Nicholas
               de
               Obando
            
             then
             Governour
             of
             the
             Island
             ,
             to
             the
             opposite
             shore
             .
             After
             this
             the
             Spaniards
             so
             secured
             this
             Island
             with
             surplusage
             of
             Colonies
             ,
             and
             so
             immur'd
             and
             chain'd
             it
             up
             with
             Fortifications
             ,
             that
             notwithstanding
             the
             various
             Attempts
             of
             Forreigners
             ,
             it
             is
             still
             wrapp'd
             in
             the
             Patrimony
             of
             the
             Crown
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             
               Porto
               Rico
            
             was
             first
             touched
             upon
             by
             
               Christopher
               Columbus
            
             in
             his
             second
             Voyage
             ,
             in
             the
             Year
             1493.
             
             But
             being
             deserted
             by
             him
             ,
             it
             was
             first
             Planted
             and
             Inhabited
             by
             
               John
               Ponce
               de
               Leon
            
             in
             the
             Year
             1510.
             who
             ▪
             having
             by
             a
             fair
             deportment
             obliged
             Aiguabana
             the
             Chief
             Prince
             thereof
             ,
             established
             a
             Colony
             of
             Spaniards
             in
             the
             North
             part
             of
             the
             Island
             ,
             called
             Caparra
             ;
             from
             whence
             some
             ten
             years
             after
             ,
             the
             Colony
             was
             transplanted
             to
             Guarica
             ;
             and
             from
             thence
             drawn
             off
             to
             St.
             Germans
             ;
             nor
             did
             it
             fixe
             here
             ,
             for
             it
             was
             carried
             away
             to
             
               Porto
               Rico
            
             ,
             now
             become
             the
             Chief
             Town
             ,
             placed
             in
             a
             little
             Island
             ,
             on
             the
             North-side
             the
             greater
             ,
             which
             having
             been
             Fortified
             with
             two
             Castles
             ,
             by
             the
             Command
             and
             Influence
             of
             Philip
             the
             first
             ,
             Anno
             1514.
             
             it
             ever
             since
             maugre
             the
             Assaults
             and
             Saccage
             of
             the
             English
             ,
             hath
             been
             rolled
             up
             in
             the
             Income
             of
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             Jamaica
             lieth
             on
             the
             South
             of
             Cuba
             ,
             from
             which
             it
             is
             divided
             by
             a
             distance
             of
             fifteen
             Leagues
             .
             It
             was
             Discovered
             in
             the
             second
             Voyage
             of
             Columbus
             ,
             who
             not
             only
             entituled
             the
             Island
             St.
             Jago
             ,
             but
             likewise
             Instituted
             here
             a
             Spanish
             Colony
             ,
             which
             he
             stiled
             St.
             
               Jago
               de
               la
               Vega
            
             ,
             which
             in
             some
             years
             after
             was
             enhaunsed
             to
             a
             higher
             Reputation
             and
             Estimate
             ,
             when
             it
             gave
             the
             Title
             of
             Dukes
             to
             
               Christopher
               Columbus
            
             ,
             and
             his
             Brother
             Bartholomew
             .
             But
             in
             Ages
             subsequent
             to
             this
             ,
             the
             Possession
             of
             this
             Island
             was
             not
             so
             secur'd
             to
             the
             Spaniard
             ,
             but
             that
             it
             was
             Invaded
             and
             Conquered
             in
             the
             Year
             1596
             ,
             by
             Sir
             
               Anthony
               Shirley
            
             ;
             but
             being
             again
             abandoned
             ,
             it
             remained
             under
             the
             Spanish
             Obedience
             ;
             until
             late
             years
             ,
             it
             was
             again
             subdued
             and
             quitted
             by
             Capt.
             Jackson
             ,
             so
             that
             it
             again
             return'd
             to
             confesse
             the
             Interest
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Scepter
             ,
             and
             continued
             subservient
             to
             that
             Dominion
             ,
             untill
             lately
             it
             was
             snatched
             away
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             under
             the
             Command
             and
             Conduct
             of
             Collonel
             Doiley
             .
          
           
             Margarita
             and
             Cubagna
             are
             two
             little
             Islands
             opposite
             to
             Cumana
             .
             The
             first
             of
             which
             was
             discovered
             by
             Columbus
             in
             his
             third
             Voyage
             ,
             which
             was
             about
             the
             Year
             1498.
             
             And
             not
             long
             after
             Cubagna
             ,
             where
             the
             Spaniards
             erected
             a
             Colony
             ,
             which
             they
             adopted
             into
             the
             Name
             
             of
             New-Cadiz●
             But
             in
             the
             Year
             1521.
             the
             Convent
             of
             Franciscans
             on
             the
             opposite
             shore
             being
             destroyed
             by
             the
             Savages
             of
             Cumana
             ,
             infused
             so
             much
             Terrour
             and
             Astonishment
             into
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             that
             they
             abandoned
             the
             Island
             ,
             and
             fled
             to
             Hispaniola
             ;
             but
             were
             Commanded
             back
             again
             by
             the
             Council
             there
             under
             the
             Command
             of
             
               James
               de
               Castellon
            
             ,
             by
             whom
             the
             Town
             was
             adorned
             with
             more
             Beauty
             ,
             and
             improved
             to
             more
             strength
             than
             it
             enjoyed
             since
             the
             first
             Plantation
             .
             Both
             these
             Islands
             were
             under
             a
             signal
             Repute
             ,
             and
             much
             frequented
             ,
             whilest
             the
             charms
             &
             Magick
             of
             the
             Pearl-Fishing
             did
             invite
             the
             Spaniards
             hither
             ;
             but
             that
             being
             decayed
             ,
             the
             flourishing
             condition
             of
             these
             two
             Islands
             is
             shrunk
             into
             Neglect
             ,
             and
             languished
             away
             with
             it
             ;
             and
             the
             Mid-land
             parts
             of
             these
             two
             Islands
             being
             destitute
             of
             Grasse
             and
             Water
             ,
             and
             by
             Consequence
             ,
             of
             Cattle
             ,
             and
             there
             being
             nothing
             kept
             up
             in
             Reserve
             which
             might
             attract
             either
             new
             Resort
             or
             Commerce
             ,
             they
             quickly
             grew
             over-grown
             with
             Solitude
             and
             Desolation
             ;
             so
             that
             these
             two
             Islands
             have
             been
             compar'd
             to
             some
             profuse
             Gallants
             ,
             who
             spend
             all
             upon
             the
             Back
             ,
             but
             nothing
             upon
             the
             Belly
             ,
             having
             their
             out-sides
             laced
             with
             Pearl
             ,
             but
             within
             nothing
             but
             Want
             and
             Hunger
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Spanish
             Interest
             on
             the
             Continent
             of
             AMERICA
             .
          
           
             PARIA
             is
             the
             first
             which
             exacts
             our
             Notice
             .
             It
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Guiana
             ,
             and
             the
             Islands
             in
             the
             Mouth
             of
             the
             River
             of
             Orenoque
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             the
             Gulfe
             or
             Bay
             of
             Venezuela
             ,
             and
             part
             of
             the
             new
             Realm
             of
             Granada
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             
               Atlantick
               Ocean
            
             ,
             or
             
               Mare
               del
               Noort
            
             ;
             the
             Countries
             on
             the
             South
             being
             hitherto
             not
             discovered
             .
             It
             is
             called
             Paria
             from
             its
             eminent
             situation
             ,
             Paria
             in
             the
             American
             Dialect
             importing
             high
             Hills
             or
             Mountains
             ,
             (
             for
             here
             begins
             that
             Chain
             of
             Hills
             which
             are
             from
             thence
             continued
             to
             the
             Straights
             of
             Magellan
             for
             the
             distance
             of
             3600.
             
             Miles
             )
             Cumana
             ,
             and
             Venezuela
             are
             Limbs
             or
             Provinces
             of
             this
             Paria
             .
          
           
             Cumana
             hath
             on
             the
             East
             the
             Gulf
             of
             Paria
             ,
             and
             the
             River
             of
             Orenoque
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             Venezuela
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             and
             South
             it
             is
             circumscribed
             as
             before
             .
             It
             was
             first
             Discovered
             in
             the
             third
             Voyage
             of
             Columbus
             ,
             but
             the
             Possession
             was
             first
             taken
             by
             two
             Dominicans
             ,
             who
             out
             of
             a
             zeal
             to
             disperse
             the
             Mists
             of
             Infidelity
             in
             Paria
             ,
             by
             the
             Irradiation
             of
             the
             Gospel
             ,
             established
             a
             little
             
             Cell
             in
             the
             place
             ,
             where
             after
             in
             the
             Year
             1513.
             the
             Borough
             of
             Cumana
             was
             erected
             ;
             and
             certainly
             their
             Religious
             Intentions
             had
             been
             reduced
             to
             perfection
             ,
             had
             not
             the
             Avarice
             and
             Treachery
             of
             some
             Spaniards
             subverted
             it
             ,
             who
             having
             brought
             the
             Chief
             of
             one
             of
             their
             Tribes
             with
             his
             Wife
             and
             Train
             into
             Captivity
             ,
             so
             enraged
             the
             Natives
             ,
             that
             nothing
             but
             the
             Death
             of
             the
             two
             Monks
             could
             expiate
             this
             Affront
             ;
             But
             their
             Death
             was
             recompensed
             with
             revenge
             by
             
               Alfonso
               de
               Oieda
            
             in
             the
             Year
             1520.
             but
             he
             himself
             not
             long
             after
             fell
             a
             Sacrifice
             to
             the
             Fury
             of
             the
             Savages
             ;
             and
             with
             him
             perished
             two
             Convents
             of
             Dominican
             and
             Franciscan
             Friers
             ,
             which
             had
             been
             established
             here
             in
             the
             Year
             1518.
             
             To
             repair
             these
             prejudices
             ,
             and
             peece
             up
             the
             Colony
             ,
             a
             second
             Supply
             is
             employed
             hither
             under
             the
             Conduct
             of
             
               Gonsalvo
               de
               Ocampo
            
             ,
             who
             beheads
             one
             of
             their
             Kings
             ,
             hangs
             some
             of
             the
             People
             and
             depopulates
             the
             Country
             .
             But
             this
             Force
             being
             likewise
             dissipated
             and
             broken
             ,
             
               Diego
               de
               Castellon
            
             is
             Commanded
             by
             the
             Council
             resident
             in
             Hispaniola
             ,
             to
             secure
             the
             Possession
             of
             the
             Country
             ;
             by
             whom
             the
             Castle
             first
             ,
             and
             secondly
             the
             Borough
             of
             Cumana
             was
             both
             built
             and
             planted
             .
             Afterwards
             the
             Castle
             
               St.
               Michael
               de
               Neueri
            
             was
             erected
             by
             
               Hierome
               de
               Ortal
            
             ,
             which
             Fo●tifications
             and
             Strengths
             have
             so
             asserted
             the
             Interest
             of
             the
             Spaniard
             in
             this
             Province
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             yet
             under
             the
             signory
             &
             Scepter
             of
             that
             Monarch
             .
          
           
             
               Venezuela
               ▪
            
             the
             second
             Province
             of
             Paria
             ,
             is
             
             shut
             in
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Cumana
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             West
             it
             is
             chained
             in
             with
             the
             Bay
             of
             Venezuela
             ,
             the
             Lake
             of
             Maracaybo
             ,
             and
             the
             New
             Realm
             of
             Granada
             .
             It
             was
             first
             Discovered
             by
             Columbus
             ,
             but
             first
             Discoveries
             being
             like
             the
             Designs
             of
             Chymists
             in
             their
             Quest
             of
             ●old
             ,
             much
             in
             projection
             but
             little
             in
             perfection
             ;
             It
             was
             afterwards
             perfected
             and
             brought
             to
             some
             accomplishment
             by
             
               Alfonso
               de
               Oieda
            
             ,
             who
             having
             found
             a
             Borough
             of
             Savages
             to
             which
             there
             was
             no
             passage
             feasible
             but
             by
             a
             Boat
             ,
             being
             circumscribed
             with
             Waters
             ,
             he
             stiled
             it
             Venezuela
             ,
             the
             Word
             importing
             as
             much
             as
             
               Little
               Venice
            
             .
             Afterwards
             
               John
               de
               Anpuez
            
             was
             in
             the
             Year
             1527.
             by
             the
             Council
             of
             Hispaniola
             employed
             to
             secure
             this
             Province
             thus
             Discovered
             ,
             with
             Forts
             and
             Colonies
             ,
             to
             the
             Dominion
             of
             the
             the
             Crown
             of
             Spain
             ;
             and
             thus
             it
             remained
             untill
             Charles
             the
             fifth
             ,
             being
             obliged
             by
             his
             Necessities
             ,
             had
             taken
             up
             vast
             Sums
             of
             Money
             of
             the
             Velsers
             ,
             a
             wealthy
             Family
             of
             Augspurg
             ,
             mortgaged
             this
             Province
             to
             them
             as
             their
             Security
             untill
             they
             were
             reimburs'd
             ,
             and
             by
             them
             was
             
               Ambrose
               Alfinger
            
             employed
             with
             400
             Foot
             and
             80.
             
             Horse
             ,
             to
             take
             Possession
             ;
             but
             he
             and
             his
             Sucessors
             ▪
             filling
             the
             whole
             Country
             with
             Rapine
             and
             Devastation
             ,
             the
             Council
             of
             Domingo
             being
             zealous
             in
             the
             Reduction
             of
             this
             Province
             to
             perfect
             Obedience
             and
             Civility
             ,
             designed
             one
             
               John
               de
               Caravayall
            
             in
             the
             Year
             1545.
             for
             that
             employment
             ,
             who
             having
             out-vied
             his
             
             predecessor
             in
             all
             excesse
             and
             disorder
             ,
             was
             supplanted
             and
             outed
             by
             one
             
               John
               Pe●ez
               de
               Tolosa
            
             ,
             sent
             over
             likewise
             by
             the
             Council
             of
             Hispaniola
             ,
             by
             whose
             Prudence
             and
             Conduct
             this
             Province
             was
             brought
             to
             conform
             to
             Order
             and
             Government
             .
             In
             the
             Year
             1550.
             the
             Negroe
             ,
             being
             transported
             out
             of
             Africk
             in
             great
             Multitudes
             into
             this
             Province
             ,
             endevoured
             a
             Mutiny
             ,
             but
             their
             Treasonable
             designs
             being
             discovered
             ,
             they
             were
             for
             the
             most
             part
             offered
             up
             to
             the
             Sword
             of
             Justice
             ;
             after
             these
             distempers
             and
             concussions
             the
             Country
             was
             in
             short
             time
             so
             thorowly
             planted
             ,
             and
             the
             Natives
             in
             their
             several
             Tribes
             so
             exemplarily
             encouraged
             by
             exempting
             them
             from
             Taxes
             and
             other
             pressures
             ,
             that
             Peace
             ,
             Plenty
             ,
             and
             Contentment
             have
             ever
             since
             waited
             upon
             this
             Province
             ,
             under
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             Guiana
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             the
             main
             
               Atlantick
               Ocean
            
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             it
             is
             hem'd
             in
             with
             the
             Mountains
             of
             Peru
             ,
             or
             rather
             some
             undiscovered
             Countries
             interposed
             betwixt
             them
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             River
             of
             Orenoque
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             South
             with
             that
             of
             the
             Amazons
             ;
             it
             is
             assirmed
             by
             Authors
             of
             approved
             Esteem
             that
             it
             is
             called
             Wiana
             from
             the
             River
             Wia
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Dutch
             who
             cannot
             melt
             the
             W
             into
             A
             ,
             in
             their
             Dialect
             Guiana
             ,
             the
             G.
             being
             more
             naturally
             proportioned
             and
             shaped
             to
             the
             Genius
             of
             their
             pro●●nciation
             .
          
           
             
               Rio●e
               ●as
               Amazones
            
             ,
             called
             likewise
             Orellana
             ,
             
             was
             first
             discovered
             by
             Orellana
             Lieutenant
             to
             
               Gonzales
               Pizarro
            
             ,
             from
             whom
             it
             extracted
             its
             Name
             :
             This
             Pizarro
             moved
             with
             the
             noise
             of
             some
             rich
             Countries
             beyond
             the
             Andes
             ,
             he
             collected
             a
             considerable
             Force
             and
             passed
             those
             Mountains
             (
             where
             being
             necessitated
             by
             the
             want
             of
             Provisions
             (
             they
             framed
             a
             Boat
             ▪
             and
             employed
             Orellana
             abovesaid
             to
             bring
             in
             Provisions
             ;
             but
             the
             River
             he
             engaged
             in
             was
             of
             that
             course
             ,
             that
             being
             debarr'd
             of
             Return
             ,
             he
             obey'd
             his
             Fate
             ,
             and
             follow'd
             the
             Stream
             from
             the
             beginning
             of
             January
             to
             the
             end
             of
             August
             1540.
             and
             at
             last
             descended
             into
             the
             Sea
             ,
             and
             arriving
             in
             the
             Isle
             of
             Cubagna
             sailed
             into
             Spain
             ;
             in
             his
             passage
             some
             Masculine
             Women
             shewed
             themselves
             active
             to
             oppose
             his
             Landing
             ,
             inter-mixt
             with
             Men
             ,
             and
             in
             some
             places
             he
             found
             Men
             with
             long
             Hair
             like
             women
             ;
             either
             of
             which
             relations
             might
             foment
             that
             report
             which
             affirmed
             these
             parts
             to
             be
             held
             by
             Amazons
             .
             But
             to
             return
             ,
             in
             the
             Year
             1549.
             he
             obtained
             a
             Commission
             from
             the
             Court
             of
             Spain
             for
             the
             Conquest
             of
             these
             Countries
             ,
             and
             immediately
             undertook
             the
             Employment
             ;
             But
             though
             he
             found
             one
             of
             the
             Mouthes
             of
             the
             River
             ,
             yet
             he
             could
             never
             attaque
             that
             Channel
             ,
             though
             often
             attempted
             ,
             which
             conducted
             him
             before
             to
             the
             Sea.
             This
             ill
             successe
             ,
             waited
             on
             with
             the
             losse
             of
             his
             Fame
             and
             Fortune
             ,
             filled
             him
             with
             that
             Regret
             and
             discomposure
             ,
             that
             the
             Lord
             of
             Sorrow
             sunk
             him
             into
             his
             Sepulchre
             ,
             having
             bequeathed
             to
             Posterity
             
             the
             Honour
             of
             the
             first
             Discovery
             .
             This
             Enterprize
             was
             prosecuted
             with
             the
             same
             fruitlesse
             successe
             ,
             by
             one
             
               Pedro
               de
               Orsna
            
             in
             the
             Year
             1560.
             since
             which
             the
             Spanish
             Hopes
             being
             blasted
             with
             these
             Discouragements
             ,
             they
             have
             abandoned
             the
             design
             and
             given
             it
             over
             .
          
           
             The
             Coast
             and
             River
             of
             Orenoque
             with
             the
             several
             Nations
             that
             dwell
             on
             the
             Margin
             and
             Fringes
             of
             it
             ,
             as
             namely
             ,
             the
             Capuri
             ,
             and
             Macureos
             ,
             with
             the
             
               Tivitivas
               ,
               Assawy
               ,
               Saymae
               ,
               Wikeri
               ,
               Aroras
               ,
            
             and
             Ar●ac●
             ,
             were
             first
             Discovered
             by
             
               Diego
               de
               Ordas
               ,
               Anno
               Do●
               .
            
             1531.
             furnished
             with
             a
             Patent
             for
             the
             Conquest
             of
             this
             Track
             ,
             by
             Charles
             the
             fifth
             ,
             but
             missing
             the
             true
             Channel
             ,
             and
             being
             not
             able
             to
             level
             those
             Difficulties
             which
             did
             intercept
             his
             Design
             ,
             he
             returned
             into
             Spain
             ,
             effecting
             nothing
             ,
             but
             opening
             the
             way
             to
             others
             .
             Followed
             herein
             by
             
               Hierome
               de
               Ortal
               ,
               Anno
            
             1533.
             and
             after
             Anno
             1536.
             by
             Herrera
             ,
             who
             advanced
             his
             progresse
             farther
             then
             the
             others
             ,
             and
             finally
             by
             
               Gonsalvo
               Ximenes
               de
               Quesada
            
             :
             and
             
               Antonio
               Berreo
            
             ,
             with
             more
             auspicious
             Fortune
             waiting
             upon
             their
             designs
             ,
             who
             commencing
             their
             Journy
             from
             the
             new
             Realm
             of
             Granada
             in
             the
             search
             of
             Guiana
             ,
             sell
             casually
             into
             this
             great
             River
             ,
             as
             Orellana
             did
             before
             into
             that
             of
             the
             Amazons
             .
             But
             yet
             not
             perfectly
             Discovered
             untill
             the
             Year
             1595.
             in
             which
             Sir
             
               Walter
               Raleigh
            
             having
             taken
             Prisoner
             this
             
               Antonio
               Berreo
            
             ,
             and
             taking
             an
             Account
             of
             him
             of
             his
             Expedition
             ,
             resolved
             upon
             
             the
             undertaking
             ,
             and
             searched
             so
             far
             into
             the
             Country
             ,
             by
             the
             course
             and
             Conduct
             of
             this
             River
             ,
             that
             some
             have
             since
             imposed
             the
             Name
             of
             Raliana
             upon
             it
             .
             The
             businesse
             next
             year
             was
             prosecuted
             by
             Capt.
             
               Lawrence
               Ke●is
            
             ,
             who
             by
             the
             Influence
             and
             employment
             of
             Sir
             
               Walter
               Raleigh
            
             embarqued
             himself
             in
             that
             Attempt
             ,
             but
             the
             Spaniard
             ,
             having
             unravel'd
             his
             Design
             ,
             dispersed
             and
             scattered
             the
             Natives
             which
             favored
             the
             English
             ,
             and
             made
             good
             their
             Interest
             here
             with
             such
             vigorous
             opposition
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             forced
             to
             return
             without
             any
             other
             effect
             of
             his
             Journy
             then
             the
             finding
             out
             the
             true
             Mouth
             of
             the
             River
             of
             Orenoque
             ,
             which
             owes
             it self
             to
             his
             Discovery
             .
             After
             this
             the
             Spaniards
             the
             more
             to
             secure
             their
             Concernment
             here
             ,
             erected
             
               St.
               Thome
            
             ,
             situate
             on
             the
             main
             Channel
             of
             the
             River
             ,
             a
             Town
             consisting
             in
             the
             Bulk
             of
             it
             but
             of
             140.
             
             Houses
             ,
             stretched
             out
             in
             extent
             (
             though
             meanly
             built
             )
             the
             distance
             of
             half
             a
             mile
             ,
             which
             in
             the
             Year
             1617.
             was
             sack'd
             by
             Sir
             
               Walter
               Raleigh
            
             ,
             not
             without
             the
             losse
             of
             his
             Son
             and
             a
             considerable
             part
             of
             his
             Forces
             ,
             who
             at
             his
             return
             into
             England
             ,
             to
             expiate
             this
             Affront
             offered
             to
             the
             Spaniurd
             ,
             was
             excuted
             upon
             a
             former
             Attainder
             Octob.
             29.
             1618.
             though
             some
             Lawyers
             of
             that
             Age
             did
             assert
             ,
             that
             the
             investing
             him
             by
             Commission
             with
             the
             power
             of
             General
             ,
             did
             absolve
             him
             from
             all
             former
             guilt
             of
             High
             Treason
             ,
             upon
             whose
             Tomb
             stone
             the
             Character
             dropped
             upon
             his
             Memory
             by
             the
             learned
             Cambde●
             
             in
             his
             Annals
             may
             be
             endorsed
             as
             an
             eternal
             Epitaph
             ;
             
               Vir
               erat
               nunquam
               sat
               is
               Laudato
               Studio
               ,
               &
               Regiones
               remot
               as
               detegendi
               ,
               &
               navalem
               Gloriam
               promovendi
               :
            
             And
             so
             having
             opened
             the
             Sepulchre
             of
             this
             great
             Man
             ,
             I
             again
             close
             it
             up
             and
             leave
             him
             in
             his
             bed
             of
             Rest
             ,
             and
             proceed
             .
             In
             the
             Year
             1629.
             the
             Town
             of
             St.
             Thome
             above-mentioned
             was
             again
             Invaded
             and
             ransacked
             by
             the
             Hollander
             ,
             but
             being
             abandoned
             not
             long
             after
             ,
             it
             was
             repossessed
             by
             the
             Spaniard
             ,
             and
             remains
             in
             obedience
             with
             the
             Country
             adjacent
             at
             this
             instant
             under
             the
             Crown
             of
             Spain
             ,
          
           
             There
             is
             an
             Island
             at
             the
             Mouth
             of
             the
             River
             of
             Orenoque
             called
             Trinidado
             ,
             or
             
               Insula
               Trinitatis
            
             ,
             being
             situated
             opposite
             to
             Paria
             ,
             from
             which
             it
             is
             divided
             by
             a
             Frith
             or
             Straight
             by
             Columbus
             ,
             who
             in
             his
             third
             Voyage
             Anno
             1497.
             first
             discovered
             this
             Island
             called
             
               Boca
               del
               Drago
            
             ,
             or
             the
             Dragons
             mouth
             ,
             from
             the
             Difficulty
             and
             danger
             of
             the
             passage
             of
             it
             ,
             the
             Frith
             or
             Straight
             is
             but
             three
             miles
             over
             ,
             yet
             made
             more
             narrow
             by
             the
             Interposition
             of
             four
             or
             five
             little
             Islands
             ,
             which
             the
             Sea
             breaks
             thorough
             with
             great
             impetuousnesse
             ,
             leaving
             only
             two
             entrances
             for
             Shipping
             into
             the
             Gulf
             ,
             called
             the
             Gulf
             of
             Paria
             .
             There
             is
             nothing
             more
             memorable
             in
             the
             story
             and
             fortunes
             of
             this
             Island
             ,
             but
             that
             it
             abounds
             with
             Maiz
             ,
             Sugar-canes
             ,
             Cotten-wooll
             ,
             excellent
             Tobacco
             ,
             sufficiencie
             of
             Fruit
             and
             Cattel
             for
             the
             use
             of
             the
             Natives
             ,
             and
             some
             Veins
             of
             Gold
             and
             other
             Metals
             ,
             as
             likewise
             
             such
             abundance
             of
             Pitch
             that
             innumerable
             Ships
             might
             be
             laden
             with
             it
             ,
             but
             that
             it
             is
             conceived
             to
             be
             unfit
             for
             the
             Calking
             of
             Ships
             ,
             because
             it
             ●oftens
             in
             the
             Sun
             :
             The
             principal
             Town
             of
             the
             Island
             is
             Joseph's
             ,
             patch'd
             up
             of
             forty
             Houses
             ,
             yet
             the
             Spanish
             Governour
             who
             hath
             here
             his
             Residence
             ,
             besides
             this
             Island
             ,
             stretches
             his
             Command
             (
             as
             is
             intimated
             by
             his
             Titles
             )
             over
             the
             two
             Provinces
             of
             
               El
               Dorado
            
             and
             Guiana
             .
          
           
             Paraguay
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Magellanica
             ,
             on
             the
             East
             with
             the
             main
             Atlantick
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             with
             Brasil
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             it
             is
             shut
             in
             with
             some
             unknown
             Countries
             that
             interpose
             between
             it
             and
             Chile
             .
             It
             hath
             borrowed
             this
             Appellation
             from
             Paraguay
             one
             of
             the
             greatest
             Rivers
             in
             the
             World
             which
             runneth
             through
             this
             Province
             ,
             which
             with
             the
             adjacent
             Country
             is
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             christned
             by
             the
             Name
             of
             
               Rio
               de
               Plata
            
             ,
             from
             the
             great
             abundance
             of
             Silver
             they
             expected
             from
             it
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             divided
             into
             the
             three
             Provinces
             of
             
               Rio
               de
               Plata
               ,
               Tucuman
            
             ,
             and
             
               S.
               Crux
               de
               Sierra
            
             .
             The
             Soil
             is
             productive
             of
             Maiz
             ,
             Wine
             ,
             Sugar-Canes
             ,
             and
             other
             American
             Fruits
             ;
             blest
             with
             an
             increase
             of
             Cattel
             ,
             especially
             of
             Kine
             and
             Horses
             brought
             out
             of
             Spain
             ,
             multiplying
             here
             to
             a
             strange
             Improvement
             :
             Not
             unfurnished
             of
             Mines
             of
             Brasse
             and
             Iron
             ,
             some
             Veins
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             and
             great
             plenty
             of
             Amethists
             .
             It
             contains
             likewise
             great
             plenty
             of
             Stags
             ,
             and
             of
             Monkeys
             incredible
             numbers
             ;
             not
             to
             say
             any
             
             thing
             of
             Lions
             ,
             Tygers
             ,
             and
             other
             such
             destructive
             Animals
             ,
             a
             few
             of
             this
             noxious
             Register
             being
             thought
             too
             many
             .
          
           
             These
             Provinces
             were
             first
             Discover'd
             by
             
               John
               Diaz
               de
               Solis
               ,
               Anno
            
             1515.
             
             Afterwards
             the
             Discovery
             was
             reduced
             to
             a
             more
             eminent
             Perfection
             by
             a
             farther
             prosecution
             by
             
               Sebastian
               Cabot
            
             ,
             in
             the
             Year
             1526.
             but
             wanting
             that
             happy
             Conclusion
             that
             a
             Design
             of
             this
             nature
             did
             seem
             to
             exact
             ,
             its
             Discovery
             was
             reassum'd
             by
             
               Pedro
               de
               Mendosa
            
             in
             the
             Year
             1535.
             but
             still
             his
             undertakings
             were
             not
             so
             matur'd
             and
             digested
             but
             that
             they
             were
             left
             to
             be
             brought
             to
             a
             final
             period
             by
             
               Alvarez
               Nonnez
            
             ,
             who
             in
             the
             Year
             1540.
             having
             fully
             perfected
             the
             Discovery
             and
             Conquest
             of
             these
             Territories
             ,
             hath
             left
             the
             Possession
             ever
             since
             to
             be
             enjoyed
             by
             the
             succeeding
             Kings
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             Chile
             is
             shut
             in
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             Desart
             of
             Alacama
             extended
             90.
             
             Leagues
             in
             length
             ,
             interposing
             betwixt
             it
             and
             Peru
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             
               Mare
               del
               Zur
            
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             with
             the
             Straights
             of
             Magellan
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             East
             as
             far
             as
             to
             
               Rio
               de
               la
               Plata
            
             ,
             with
             the
             main
             Atlantick
             Ocean
             .
          
           
             The
             Soile
             hereof
             towards
             the
             Midland
             is
             Mountainous
             and
             unfruitfull
             ,
             towards
             the
             Sea-side
             levell
             and
             fertile
             ,
             made
             so
             by
             Rivers
             distilling
             from
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             productive
             of
             Maiz
             ,
             Wheat
             ,
             and
             excellent
             Pasturage
             ,
             not
             defective
             in
             plenty
             of
             Gold
             ,
             abundance
             of
             Hony
             ,
             store
             of
             
             Cattel
             ,
             and
             Wine
             enough
             for
             the
             use
             of
             the
             people
             ;
             the
             Vines
             and
             all
             other
             Plants
             which
             are
             transported
             hither
             out
             of
             Spain
             ,
             enriching
             the
             Industry
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             with
             a
             thriving
             and
             successful
             Fertility
             .
             The
             People
             are
             of
             a
             white
             Complexion
             ,
             but
             shaggy
             Hair'd
             like
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Savages
             ,
             of
             a
             tall
             and
             Gigantick
             stature
             ,
             well
             conditioned
             and
             qualified
             unlesse
             provoked
             ,
             they
             are
             Armed
             with
             Bows
             and
             Arrows
             ,
             and
             are
             attired
             with
             the
             Skins
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             the
             Climate
             exacting
             it
             ;
             this
             Country
             being
             called
             Chile
             from
             the
             word
             Chill
             ,
             which
             in
             more
             Tongues
             than
             ours
             ,
             doth
             signifie
             Cold
             ;
             indeed
             the
             Air
             of
             this
             Territory
             is
             so
             exposed
             to
             the
             violence
             of
             Frosts
             ,
             that
             many
             times
             both
             Horses
             and
             Men
             are
             congealed
             ,
             and
             hardned
             like
             a
             peice
             of
             Marble
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             divided
             into
             Chile
             ,
             properly
             so
             called
             ,
             and
             Magellanica
             .
             The
             first
             Province
             was
             discovered
             by
             
               Almagro
               de
               Alvarado
            
             ,
             but
             Conquered
             by
             
               Baldivia
               ,
               Anno
            
             1544.
             
             And
             he
             with
             the
             concurrent
             Assistance
             of
             
               Garcias
               de
               Mendoza
            
             ,
             the
             more
             to
             secure
             the
             Spanish
             Acquists
             in
             this
             Track
             ,
             about
             the
             Year
             1551.
             strewed
             it
             with
             the
             Colonies
             of
             
               Serena
               ,
               St.
               Jago
               Delos
               Confines
               ,
               Imperiale
            
             (
             so
             stiled
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             because
             they
             found
             on
             the
             Dores
             of
             some
             Houses
             an
             Eagle
             insculped
             in
             wood
             ,
             the
             Relique
             perchance
             of
             some
             German
             Ship-wrack
             )
             
               Villa
               Rica
               ,
               Baldivia
               Osor●o
               ,
               Castro
               ,
               St.
               Juan
               de
               la
               Frontera
               ,
            
             and
             other
             Colonies
             ;
             and
             though
             the
             Savages
             (
             worried
             by
             some
             Affronts
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             )
             flew
             to
             Arms
             ,
             
             and
             not
             only
             in
             a
             successful
             Encounter
             slew
             Baldivia
             ,
             but
             about
             the
             Years
             1599.
             and
             1604.
             being
             better
             furnished
             with
             Military
             provisions
             ,
             Sacked
             the
             Town
             of
             Baldivia
             ,
             forced
             Imperial●
             to
             surrender
             without
             Conditions
             ,
             and
             reduced
             Osorno
             by
             Famine
             ,
             yet
             in
             Times
             subsequent
             to
             this
             ,
             the
             Spaniards
             so
             vindicated
             their
             Interest
             here
             ,
             that
             a
             considerable
             part
             of
             this
             Province
             is
             yet
             held
             in
             Obedience
             to
             the
             Spanish
             Scepter
             .
          
           
             Magellanica
             is
             a
             Province
             which
             for
             the
             most
             part
             is
             not
             onely
             interlaced
             and
             bunch'd
             out
             with
             Mountains
             ,
             but
             condemned
             to
             Cold
             and
             Barrennesse
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Men
             of
             a
             huge
             proportion
             and
             Gigantick
             Stature
             .
             It
             was
             stiled
             so
             from
             the
             dangerous
             Gulf
             or
             Straight
             which
             washes
             the
             South
             parts
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             was
             Discovered
             by
             
               Ferdinand
               Magellan
            
             1520.
             
             But
             the
             first
             discovery
             being
             imperfect
             ,
             it
             was
             endevoured
             to
             be
             improved
             by
             
               Don
               Pedro
               de
               Sarmiento
            
             ,
             who
             entered
             the
             Gulf
             1584.
             and
             planted
             two
             Colonies
             on
             the
             most
             convenient
             parts
             of
             that
             Straight
             which
             he
             named
             
               Nombre
               de
               Jesus
            
             ,
             and
             
               Cividad
               del
               Roy
               Philip
            
             ,
             which
             he
             resolv'd
             to
             fortifie
             and
             store
             with
             Canon
             .
             But
             Winter
             approaching
             ,
             he
             left
             his
             Men
             ,
             promising
             to
             supply
             them
             upon
             his
             return
             with
             a
             Recruit
             of
             necessary
             Provisions
             to
             inforce
             their
             increasing
             hopes
             ;
             but
             after
             struggling
             with
             many
             Storms
             ,
             Shipwrecks
             ,
             and
             disappointments
             ,
             his
             unhappy
             Fate
             cast
             him
             into
             Captivity
             under
             Sir
             
               Walter
               Raleigh
            
             ,
             so
             that
             his
             two
             Plantations
             shrunk
             into
             
             Ruine
             ,
             the
             men
             either
             mouldering
             away
             with
             Diseases
             ,
             or
             else
             being
             destroyed
             by
             the
             Savages
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             Design
             of
             Planting
             this
             Province
             hath
             ever
             since
             been
             abandoned
             .
          
           
             Peru
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             Fast
             with
             that
             vast
             Chain
             of
             Mountains
             they
             call
             the
             Andes
             on
             the
             West
             with
             
               Mare
               del
               Zur
            
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             with
             some
             part
             of
             the
             Realm
             of
             
               New
               Granada
            
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Chile
             .
             It
             hath
             extracted
             its
             Name
             from
             the
             River
             Peru
             ,
             which
             being
             one
             of
             the
             first
             of
             Note
             the
             Spaniards
             met
             with
             in
             their
             pursuit
             of
             this
             Country
             ,
             invited
             them
             to
             impose
             this
             Name
             upon
             the
             whole
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             divided
             into
             the
             Plains
             ,
             the
             Mountainous
             Countryes
             ,
             and
             the
             Andes
             ;
             all
             of
             so
             different
             a
             Nature
             one
             from
             the
             other
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             were
             far
             distant
             ,
             both
             in
             sight
             and
             soile
             ;
             the
             Plains
             extended
             on
             the
             Sea-shore
             are
             in
             all
             places
             levell
             without
             Hills
             ,
             the
             Andes
             a
             continual
             Ridge
             of
             Hills
             without
             any
             vallies
             ,
             the
             Hill-Countryes
             are
             composed
             of
             both
             .
             In
             the
             Plains
             it
             seldom
             raines
             ;
             on
             the
             Andes
             almost
             continually
             ;
             on
             the
             Hill
             Countries
             rain
             distils
             from
             September
             to
             April
             ,
             and
             then
             is
             ushered
             in
             a
             constant
             Fair
             Weather
             .
             In
             the
             Hill
             Countries
             the
             Summer
             begins
             in
             April
             and
             concludes
             in
             September
             .
             In
             the
             Plaines
             their
             Summer
             Commences
             from
             October
             and
             Determines
             in
             Aprill
             .
             The
             Andes
             are
             clothed
             with
             Woods
             and
             Forrests
             ,
             but
             the
             Hill-Countries
             are
             bare
             and
             naked
             ;
             the
             Plains
             though
             refreshed
             with
             store
             of
             Rivers
             ,
             
             are
             yet
             dry
             ,
             barren
             and
             sandy
             .
             In
             some
             parts
             of
             the
             Hill-Countries
             though
             there
             is
             a
             destitution
             of
             Rivers
             and
             Rain
             but
             seldome
             ,
             there
             is
             a
             copious
             production
             of
             Roots
             ,
             Maiz-fruit
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             necessaries
             :
             In
             the
             Plaines
             there
             never
             blows
             any
             but
             the
             Southern
             Wind
             ,
             though
             it
             is
             the
             harbinger
             to
             no
             Rain
             ;
             In
             the
             Hills
             the
             Winds
             breath
             from
             every
             quarter
             and
             Coast
             ,
             and
             of
             every
             Nature
             ,
             some
             ushering
             in
             raine
             ,
             some
             snow
             ,
             some
             claps
             of
             Thunder
             ,
             and
             some
             again
             being
             the
             parent
             of
             fair
             weather
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Country
             it self
             though
             it
             be
             productive
             of
             a
             narrow
             Increase
             of
             Wheat
             ,
             yet
             is
             it
             of
             a
             large
             plenty
             of
             Roots
             (
             the
             principal
             food
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             )
             some
             proportion
             of
             Maiz
             ,
             and
             plenty
             of
             Cocas
             ,
             the
             Leaves
             whereof
             being
             dried
             and
             formed
             into
             Lozenges
             ,
             are
             exceeding
             useful
             in
             a
             journey
             ,
             for
             melting
             in
             the
             mouth
             they
             appease
             both
             hunger
             and
             thirst
             ,
             and
             preserve
             a
             man
             in
             his
             strength
             ,
             and
             his
             Spirits
             in
             vigor
             ;
             and
             though
             the
             Cattel
             of
             Europe
             brought
             hither
             in
             a
             considerable
             quantity
             ,
             are
             not
             multiplyed
             to
             any
             great
             increase
             ,
             yet
             is
             that
             defect
             supplied
             by
             Beasts
             called
             Vicagues
             ,
             in
             Resemblance
             somewhat
             like
             a
             wilde
             Goat
             ,
             which
             in
             infinite
             numbers
             graze
             in
             their
             woods
             and
             pastures
             ;
             and
             great
             store
             of
             Sheep
             by
             the
             Natives
             called
             Pacos
             ,
             profitable
             for
             Fleece
             and
             Burden
             ,
             as
             big
             as
             a
             small
             breed
             of
             Horses
             ,
             but
             in
             relish
             as
             pleasing
             as
             our
             Mutton
             ,
             and
             no
             lesse
             conducing
             to
             nutriment
             .
             A
             Creature
             so
             well
             acquainted
             with
             his
             own
             abilities
             ,
             that
             when
             he
             is
             over-pressed
             
             with
             a
             burden
             ,
             no
             force
             or
             violence
             shall
             engage
             him
             to
             move
             forward
             untill
             his
             load
             be
             abated
             ;
             and
             of
             so
             cheap
             a
             Diet
             ,
             that
             very
             litle
             suffices
             him
             ,
             passing
             sometimes
             for
             the
             continuance
             of
             three
             dayes
             without
             any
             water
             .
          
           
             Nor
             is
             the
             Peruvian
             Fig-tree
             to
             be
             forgoten
             ,
             the
             North-part
             of
             which
             respecting
             the
             Mountains
             produces
             its
             Fruits
             in
             Summer
             onely
             ;
             the
             Southern
             part
             having
             an
             aspect
             upon
             the
             Sea
             ,
             is
             fruitful
             onely
             in
             Winter
             :
             and
             secondly
             that
             Beast
             called
             the
             Huanacu
             ,
             exacts
             our
             Remembrance
             ,
             of
             that
             regard
             to
             their
             Females
             that
             the
             Males
             stand
             sentinel
             on
             the
             hills
             ,
             whilest
             they
             are
             feeding
             in
             the
             vallies
             ,
             and
             if
             any
             men
             approach
             ,
             they
             by
             some
             clamorous
             notice
             intimate
             to
             them
             the
             invasion
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             are
             pursued
             they
             descend
             to
             bring
             up
             the
             rear
             ,
             that
             by
             interposing
             their
             own
             bodies
             ,
             they
             may
             secure
             their
             retreat
             from
             danger
             .
             Another
             plant
             the
             Relations
             of
             Peru
             informe
             us
             of
             ,
             but
             do
             not
             discover
             the
             name
             ,
             which
             being
             placed
             in
             the
             hand
             of
             a
             sick
             man
             will
             by
             some
             Symptomes
             give
             testimony
             whether
             he
             shall
             live
             or
             die
             ,
             for
             if
             on
             the
             pressing
             of
             it
             his
             Visage
             be
             Cheerful
             ,
             it
             is
             an
             assured
             sign
             of
             his
             recovery
             ;
             as
             otherwise
             ,
             if
             sad
             and
             troubled
             ,
             a
             certain
             index
             of
             ensuing
             death
             .
             Nor
             is
             Peru
             defective
             in
             Rarities
             of
             Nature
             even
             in
             things
             inanimate
             ,
             for
             here
             is
             affirmed
             to
             be
             a
             Lake
             near
             the
             Mines
             of
             Pot●si
             ,
             whose
             water
             is
             so
             hot
             ,
             though
             the
             circumabient
             Region
             be
             exceeding
             cold
             ,
             that
             they
             who
             bath
             themselves
             
             are
             not
             able
             to
             sustain
             its
             Heat
             if
             they
             depart
             and
             wade
             some
             distance
             from
             the
             Bank
             ,
             there
             being
             a
             Boyling
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             above
             twenty
             Foot
             square
             ;
             a
             Lake
             which
             never
             does
             decrease
             though
             they
             have
             drawn
             a
             considerable
             stream
             to
             be
             subservient
             to
             their
             Mines
             of
             Silver
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             they
             are
             people
             of
             no
             great
             knowledge
             ,
             yet
             great
             Dissemblers
             ,
             being
             never
             drawn
             to
             discover
             their
             conceptions
             freely
             .
             They
             are
             ignorant
             of
             Letters
             ,
             but
             bold
             in
             War
             ,
             and
             dexterous
             in
             the
             managery
             of
             those
             Weapons
             they
             have
             been
             accustomed
             to
             ,
             nor
             do
             they
             resent
             Death
             with
             any
             Fear
             ,
             being
             prompted
             to
             this
             Confidence
             by
             an
             Opinion
             that
             after
             Death
             they
             shall
             eat
             ,
             drink
             ,
             and
             make
             their
             Love
             &
             addresses
             to
             Women
             .
             At
             the
             Funeral
             of
             any
             eminent
             person
             they
             offer
             up
             one
             or
             two
             of
             his
             Servants
             as
             an
             Oblation
             to
             his
             Sepulchre
             (
             being
             egged
             on
             to
             this
             inhumanity
             by
             the
             former
             opinion
             )
             to
             attend
             him
             in
             the
             world
             to
             come
             .
             In
             their
             Habit
             they
             are
             conformable
             to
             other
             Savages
             ,
             onely
             those
             attire
             their
             upper
             parts
             with
             some
             decent
             Garment
             ,
             but
             expose
             the
             other
             Members
             to
             publique
             view
             ,
             being
             bare
             and
             naked
             .
             But
             this
             is
             onely
             near
             the
             Aequator
             ,
             both
             Sexes
             else
             wearing
             Mantles
             pendulous
             to
             their
             feet
             ,
             Habited
             generally
             in
             one
             Fashion
             ,
             unlesse
             in
             the
             Attire
             of
             their
             Heads
             ,
             wherein
             they
             almost
             all
             disagree
             from
             each
             other
             ,
             each
             retaining
             his
             mode
             to
             himself
             .
             The
             Women
             here
             are
             treated
             as
             Slaves
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             upon
             trivial
             
             Accidents
             cruelly
             beaten
             ,
             the
             Men
             being
             prompted
             to
             this
             Barbaritie
             by
             being
             given
             up
             to
             Sodomie
             ,
             and
             other
             unnatural
             uncleannesse
             .
          
           
             Peru
             is
             divided
             into
             Quito
             ,
             a
             Province
             of
             a
             fertile
             Soile
             well
             stored
             with
             Cattel
             ,
             plentifully
             furnished
             with
             Fish
             and
             Fowl
             ,
             great
             quantity
             of
             Nitre
             ,
             and
             replenished
             with
             Rivers
             ,
             some
             of
             which
             have
             their
             sand
             enamelled
             with
             veins
             of
             Gold
             ;
             the
             people
             are
             strong
             and
             healthy
             ,
             industrious
             in
             the
             making
             of
             Cottens
             almost
             proportionate
             to
             Silk
             in
             finenesse
             ,
             but
             given
             to
             dissembling
             ,
             the
             disorders
             of
             drink
             ,
             and
             other
             vices
             ,
             which
             renders
             it
             difficult
             to
             reclaim
             them
             from
             their
             ancient
             Barbarisme
             ,
             and
             makes
             them
             unapt
             for
             any
             Tincture
             or
             impression
             of
             the
             Christian
             Faith.
             Secondly
             ,
             
               Los
               Quix●s
            
             ,
             somewhat
             more
             barren
             then
             Quit●
             ,
             whose
             people
             have
             distinct
             a
             Tongue
             of
             their
             own
             ,
             though
             they
             both
             understand
             and
             speak
             the
             common
             Per●vian
             Language
             .
             Thirdly
             ,
             Lima
             or
             
               Los
               Reys
            
             ,
             ennobled
             with
             the
             Mines
             of
             
               Castro
               Verreyna
            
             ,
             from
             whence
             is
             extracted
             Silver
             of
             the
             purest
             Complexion
             .
             Fourthly
             ,
             Cusco
             ,
             a
             Province
             blest
             with
             a
             calme
             and
             temperate
             Air
             ,
             not
             fretted
             or
             over-scalded
             with
             the
             scorching
             reflections
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             nor
             made
             drowsy
             &
             dull
             with
             the
             distempers
             of
             Evening
             Mists
             ,
             and
             whose
             Soile
             is
             full
             of
             Rivers
             and
             Pasturage
             ,
             which
             makes
             it
             to
             be
             furnished
             with
             Deer
             and
             other
             Herds
             of
             Cattel
             ;
             nor
             is
             it
             wanting
             in
             Coca
             which
             is
             here
             gathered
             in
             some
             abundance
             ,
             or
             defective
             in
             Mines
             
             of
             Gold
             or
             Quick-silver
             ,
             very
             subservient
             to
             the
             easie
             extraction
             and
             purifying
             of
             the
             former
             noble
             Metal
             ;
             the
             first
             being
             discovered
             at
             
               St.
               Juan
               del
               Ore
            
             in
             the
             Valley
             of
             Carravayan
             ,
             and
             the
             second
             being
             traced
             out
             in
             the
             year
             1566
             near
             the
             Town
             of
             Guancabelica
             .
             Fifthly
             ,
             Callao
             ,
             a
             Country
             well
             stored
             with
             fertile
             Pastures
             ,
             and
             those
             pastures
             furnished
             with
             Herds
             of
             Cattel
             ,
             but
             barren
             of
             Corn
             ,
             and
             not
             well
             furnished
             with
             Maiz
             ,
             whose
             defect
             is
             supplied
             by
             Bread
             composed
             of
             a
             Root
             call'd
             Ropa
             ,
             dryed
             in
             the
             Sun
             bruised
             to
             powder
             ;
             Its
             Inhabitants
             are
             of
             a
             more
             clear
             and
             solid
             Judgement
             then
             the
             rest
             of
             Peru
             ,
             and
             so
             dextrous
             in
             the
             observations
             of
             the
             Course
             of
             the
             Moon
             ,
             that
             the
             Spaniards
             upon
             their
             first
             Discovery
             of
             this
             Province
             ,
             found
             the
             Year
             distinguished
             into
             Months
             ,
             Days
             ,
             and
             Years
             ,
             for
             each
             of
             which
             they
             had
             a
             proper
             and
             significant
             Name
             .
             In
             this
             Province
             is
             the
             so
             much
             fam'd
             Lake
             of
             Titicaca
             ,
             in
             which
             twelve
             Rivers
             are
             reported
             to
             lose
             themselves
             ,
             in
             compasse
             80.
             
             Leagues
             ,
             and
             usually
             Navigable
             with
             Barks
             and
             Ships
             ;
             the
             waters
             are
             not
             so
             salt
             as
             that
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             but
             so
             thick
             that
             they
             are
             in
             no
             capacity
             to
             be
             drank
             .
             By
             a
             fair
             water-course
             or
             River
             i●
             glides
             into
             a
             lesse
             Lake
             called
             Aulaga
             ,
             and
             thence
             most
             probably
             by
             some
             indistinguishable
             recesses
             empties
             it self
             into
             the
             Sea.
             Sixthly
             ,
             
               Los
               Ch●rc●s
            
             ,
             a
             Province
             not
             very
             plentiful
             in
             Corn
             or
             Cattel
             ,
             though
             in
             many
             places
             furnished
             with
             excellent
             Pasturage
             ;
             
             but
             its
             eminence
             arises
             from
             the
             inexhaustible
             Mines
             of
             Porco
             and
             P●tosi
             ,
             which
             makes
             it
             to
             be
             unparrallel'd
             with
             any
             Province
             in
             Peru.
             The
             Mine
             of
             Potosi
             is
             two
             hundred
             Fathom
             deep
             ,
             to
             which
             they
             do
             descend
             with
             Ladders
             made
             of
             raw
             Hides
             eight
             hundred
             steps
             ,
             some
             of
             the
             Workmen
             not
             seeing
             the
             Sun
             many
             months
             together
             .
             For
             the
             refining
             of
             this
             Silver
             there
             are
             52.
             
             Engines
             or
             Silver-mills
             upon
             a
             River
             near
             unto
             it
             ,
             22.
             more
             in
             the
             Valley
             of
             Tarapia
             near
             adjoyning
             ,
             besides
             many
             which
             they
             turn
             with
             Horses
             ;
             and
             from
             these
             Peruvian
             Mines
             as
             from
             some
             bottomlesse
             Exchequer
             does
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             load
             that
             Fleet
             whence
             he
             extracts
             so
             much
             Income
             and
             profit
             .
          
           
             Peru
             and
             the
             Provinces
             circumscribed
             within
             the
             Limits
             of
             it
             were
             discovered
             and
             conquered
             from
             Arabaliba
             the
             Inga
             or
             Emperour
             of
             Peru
             by
             Pizarr●
             &
             his
             Complice
             
               Diego
               de
               Almagr●
            
             1528.
             first
             of
             which
             (
             more
             to
             secure
             his
             Conquests
             )
             erected
             
               Lima
               ,
               Truxillo
            
             (
             named
             so
             from
             Truxillo
             a
             Village
             in
             Navarre
             where
             Pizarr●
             was
             born
             and
             educated
             )
             Arned●
             and
             other
             Colonies
             ,
             but
             yet
             the
             Conquest
             was
             not
             so
             perfected
             by
             these
             two
             Commanders
             above-mentioned
             ,
             but
             that
             
               Gil●s
               Ramirez
            
             first
             in
             the
             Year
             1559
             ▪
             and
             
               Don
               Francis
               de
               Toledo
            
             afterwards
             in
             the
             Year
             1565.
             by
             Building
             of
             Oropes●
             in
             Charra●
             ,
             and
             establishing
             Colonies
             in
             the
             other
             Provinces
             ,
             brought
             this
             vast
             Kingdome
             to
             the
             full
             Obedience
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Scepter
             .
          
           
           
             
               Nova
               Granada
            
             ,
             or
             the
             new
             Realm
             of
             Granada
             is
             shut
             in
             on
             the
             North
             with
             
               Castella
               Aurea
            
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             
               Mare
               del
               Zur
            
             ,
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Venezuela
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             with
             the
             Hills
             and
             unpassible
             Mountains
             and
             Countries
             not
             yet
             discovered
             .
             It
             is
             divided
             into
             Granada
             ,
             properly
             so
             called
             ,
             and
             Popayna
             .
          
           
             Granada
             hath
             an
             Air
             well
             tempered
             ,
             the
             Country
             is
             full
             of
             Woods
             ,
             amongst
             which
             Guia●um
             so
             medicinable
             for
             the
             Malady
             of
             France
             ,
             grows
             in
             great
             abundance
             ;
             the
             soil
             is
             of
             great
             fertility
             ,
             well
             stored
             with
             Corn
             and
             Pasturage
             ,
             which
             affords
             a
             Feeding
             to
             many
             Herds
             of
             Cattell
             ;
             it
             is
             enriched
             likewise
             with
             some
             veins
             of
             Gold
             and
             other
             Metals
             ,
             and
             that
             part
             which
             is
             called
             Tunia
             exhibits
             plenty
             of
             Emeralds
             .
             The
             People
             are
             tall
             and
             strong
             of
             Constitution
             ,
             but
             not
             very
             industrious
             ,
             they
             wholly
             devoting
             their
             time
             to
             Songs
             and
             Dances
             .
             The
             Women
             are
             of
             a
             white
             and
             more
             clear
             Complexion
             than
             their
             Neighbours
             ,
             and
             more
             handsomely
             attired
             ,
             being
             apparelled
             in
             Black
             or
             party-coloured
             Mantles
             girt
             about
             their
             middles
             ,
             their
             Hair
             ●ied
             up
             and
             covered
             with
             Chaplets
             artificially
             composed
             and
             intermixed
             with
             Flowers
             .
          
           
             Popayna
             is
             a
             Country
             which
             being
             over-cloid
             with
             rain
             produces
             little
             Maiz
             ,
             lesse
             Wheat
             ,
             and
             almost
             no
             Cattel
             .
             The
             People
             were
             anciently
             Man-eaters
             and
             as
             rude
             as
             any
             ,
             now
             more
             industrious
             and
             accostable
             than
             the
             other
             Americans
             ,
             especially
             about
             Popayana
             where
             
             the
             Soile
             is
             better
             tempered
             then
             in
             other
             places
             .
          
           
             Both
             these
             Provinces
             were
             reduced
             to
             the
             Signorie
             of
             Spain
             by
             
               Gonsalvo
               Ximines
               de
               Quesada
            
             and
             
               Sebastian
               de
               Betalcasar
            
             ,
             the
             first
             sub●ued
             Granada
             1536.
             and
             the
             last
             mastered
             Popayana
             not
             long
             after
             ,
             and
             styled
             it
             so
             from
             the
             Name
             of
             a
             King
             which
             then
             Governed
             it
             at
             the
             Conquest
             by
             the
             Command
             and
             Influence
             of
             
               Francis
               Pizarro
            
             Governour
             of
             Peru.
             
          
           
             
               Castilia
               del
               Oro
            
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             and
             North
             with
             
               Mare
               del
               Noort
            
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             
               Mare
               del
               Zur
            
             ,
             and
             some
             part
             of
             Veragua
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             with
             the
             New
             Realme
             of
             Granada
             .
             It
             is
             divided
             into
             
               Panama
               Darie●e
               ,
               Nova
               Andalusia
               ,
               St
               Martha
               ,
            
             and
             
               Rio
               de
               la
               Hach
            
             .
          
           
             Panama
             hath
             an
             Air
             foggy
             but
             exceeding
             hot
             ,
             and
             consequently
             ,
             the
             Soil
             is
             either
             Mountainous
             and
             barren
             ,
             or
             Low
             and
             mirey
             ;
             naturally
             uncapable
             of
             Grain
             ,
             and
             productive
             onely
             of
             Maiz
             ,
             and
             that
             but
             sparingly
             ;
             more
             devoted
             to
             pasturage
             &
             the
             goodness
             of
             it
             :
             upon
             the
             first
             approach
             of
             the
             Spaniard
             ,
             the
             Country
             was
             almost
             over-run
             with
             Swine
             ,
             but
             being
             destroyed
             ,
             that
             Nation
             now
             complains
             as
             much
             of
             their
             defect
             ,
             as
             they
             did
             before
             of
             their
             abundance
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             most
             of
             the
             old
             stock
             being
             almost
             rooted
             out
             by
             the
             Spanish
             Massacres
             ,
             and
             no
             new
             ones
             planted
             in
             their
             room
             ,
             the
             Country
             in
             all
             parts
             ,
             except
             towards
             the
             Sea
             ,
             is
             almost
             desolate
             and
             forsaken
             .
          
           
             Darie●e
             hath
             an
             Air
             well
             tempered
             and
             a
             
             fruitful
             Soil
             ,
             very
             happy
             in
             the
             production
             of
             Melons
             and
             other
             Fruits
             ,
             ripening
             here
             in
             twenty
             Dayes
             after
             they
             are
             sown
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             same
             felicity
             does
             it
             yeild
             an
             increase
             of
             Grapes
             ,
             either
             congenial
             hereunto
             ,
             or
             else
             transported
             from
             Europe
             .
             A
             Tree
             here
             is
             called
             Hov●
             whose
             Shade
             is
             reputed
             so
             wholsome
             that
             the
             Spaniards
             covet
             to
             sleep
             under
             the
             shadow
             ;
             out
             of
             the
             Blossoms
             they
             distill
             a
             perfumed
             water
             ;
             out
             of
             the
             Bark
             they
             compose
             a
             Bath
             prevalent
             to
             open
             the
             pores
             and
             redresse
             wearinesse
             ;
             and
             out
             of
             the
             Roots
             they
             extract
             a
             Liquor
             fit
             for
             Beverage
             ;
             of
             Beasts
             and
             Fowl
             both
             wilde
             and
             tame
             ,
             there
             is
             exceeding
             plenty
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             them
             not
             discoverable
             in
             other
             places
             .
          
           
             
               Nova
               Andalusia
            
             is
             Mountainous
             and
             full
             of
             Woods
             ,
             but
             those
             woods
             abound
             with
             great
             store
             of
             Rosin-gums
             ,
             and
             ●ome
             kind
             of
             Balsams
             .
             Here
             is
             said
             to
             be
             a
             Tree
             which
             whosoever
             touches
             is
             in
             danger
             to
             contract
             a
             Ruine
             by
             poyson
             .
             Our
             Europian
             Fruits
             transplanted
             hither
             prosper
             not
             ,
             because
             the
             Soile
             being
             obnoxious
             to
             abundance
             of
             Rain
             ,
             becomes
             moist
             and
             soggie
             .
             This
             Province
             is
             interlaced
             with
             few
             veins
             of
             Gold
             ,
             onely
             in
             that
             part
             of
             it
             which
             is
             called
             Zena
             ;
             the
             Spaniards
             at
             their
             first
             Arrival
             found
             much
             Treasure
             not
             digg'd
             out
             of
             the
             Entrails
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             but
             deposited
             in
             the
             Tombs
             and
             Repositories
             of
             the
             Dead
             ,
             such
             being
             the
             reputed
             Sanctity
             of
             this
             Region
             ,
             that
             the
             bordering
             Nations
             brought
             their
             Dead
             to
             be
             Enterred
             
             here
             ,
             with
             great
             quantity
             of
             Gold
             ,
             Jewels
             ,
             and
             other
             Riches
             .
             The
             Natives
             were
             fierce
             and
             bold
             whilst
             they
             were
             a
             People
             ,
             but
             being
             wasted
             in
             those
             Contests
             which
             intervened
             between
             them
             and
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             the
             populacy
             of
             this
             Province
             is
             now
             thin
             and
             empty
             ,
             and
             their
             Courage
             much
             broken
             and
             debased
             .
          
           
             
               St.
               Martha
            
             hath
             a
             Soil
             barren
             and
             unfruitful
             not
             capable
             of
             Pasturage
             or
             Tillage
             ,
             it
             being
             made
             knotty
             by
             a
             long
             Ridge
             of
             Mountains
             ,
             called
             by
             the
             
               Spaniards
               ,
               La●
               Sierras
               Nievadas
            
             ,
             or
             the
             Snowy
             Hills
             ;
             yet
             notwithstanding
             the
             Air
             which
             hovers
             on
             the
             Sea-Coast
             is
             in
             its
             temper
             Hot
             and
             Scalding
             ,
             though
             it
             be
             again
             fann'd
             and
             qualified
             with
             the
             Breezes
             of
             the
             Mid-land
             parts
             which
             are
             Cold
             and
             Freezing
             ;
             which
             combination
             of
             Heat
             and
             Cold
             ,
             peradventure
             renders
             the
             Soile
             productive
             of
             Limons
             ,
             Oringes
             ,
             Pomgranates
             ,
             and
             such
             other
             fruits
             as
             are
             transplanted
             or
             transported
             out
             of
             Spain
             .
             The
             Inhabitants
             are
             affirmed
             to
             be
             of
             a
             rough
             and
             Arrogant
             Nature
             ,
             some
             of
             whom
             by
             the
             advantage
             of
             the
             Mountains
             of
             Tairona
             ,
             called
             so
             from
             a
             Neighbouring
             Valley
             of
             that
             name
             ,
             have
             preserved
             their
             Liberty
             against
             the
             Spaniard
             ;
             the
             residue
             ,
             though
             they
             retain
             their
             several
             Kings
             are
             yet
             in
             subjection
             to
             the
             Spaniard
             ;
             whose
             Government
             they
             submit
             to
             with
             much
             unwillingnesse
             and
             Regret
             .
          
           
             
               Rio
               de
               la
               Hacha
            
             is
             a
             fifth
             Province
             which
             summons
             our
             Notice
             .
             It
             is
             a
             Territory
             of
             a
             
             small
             circuit
             ,
             confining
             on
             the
             North-east
             of
             
               St.
               Martha
            
             ,
             environed
             on
             two
             sides
             with
             the
             main
             Ocean
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             third
             ,
             which
             is
             that
             of
             the
             East
             ,
             shut
             in
             with
             the
             spacious
             Arm
             of
             the
             Sea
             called
             
               Golfo
               de
               Venezuela
            
             ,
             the
             extremities
             hereof
             North
             west
             ,
             have
             borrowed
             the
             Denomination
             of
             
               Cabo
               la
               Vela
            
             ,
             and
             those
             on
             the
             North-East
             the
             Appellation
             of
             
               Cabodi
               Coqui
               Boccoa
            
             .
          
           
             The
             whole
             Province
             borrowed
             its
             Name
             from
             the
             Town
             and
             River
             of
             
               La
               Hacha
            
             ,
             which
             though
             it
             be
             but
             narrow
             in
             its
             Dimension
             and
             Estimate
             ,
             yet
             is
             it
             big
             enough
             to
             afford
             a
             Title
             to
             so
             small
             a
             Province
             .
             The
             Soil
             which
             embraces
             the
             Town
             is
             exceeding
             rich
             ,
             giving
             Increase
             to
             all
             such
             Plants
             as
             are
             transported
             from
             Spain
             ,
             being
             enamelled
             with
             Veins
             of
             Gold
             ,
             studded
             with
             some
             Gems
             of
             much
             worth
             ,
             value
             ,
             and
             virtue
             ,
             and
             likewise
             well
             replenished
             with
             Wiches
             which
             are
             fitted
             and
             proportioned
             to
             the
             production
             of
             excellent
             Salt
             :
             The
             Inh●bitants
             both
             in
             the
             Dimension
             of
             Body
             and
             Quality
             of
             nature
             differ
             not
             much
             from
             those
             of
             
               St.
               Martha
            
             ,
             from
             which
             this
             Province
             is
             divorced
             by
             no
             great
             distance
             .
             
               Panama
               ,
               Nova
               Andalusia
            
             ,
             and
             Dariena
             ,
             now
             annexed
             to
             Panama
             ,
             were
             first
             Discovered
             on
             the
             North-side
             by
             Columbus
             about
             the
             Year
             1508.
             
             Dariena
             and
             Panama
             were
             afterwards
             imperfectly
             Conquered
             by
             
               Didaco
               Ni●uesa
            
             ;
             and
             
               Nova
               Andalusia
            
             as
             lamely
             subdued
             by
             
               Alfonso
               Oreda
            
             :
             But
             the
             
             Complete
             and
             perfect
             Reduction
             of
             these
             Provinces
             to
             the
             Obedience
             of
             the
             Crown
             of
             Spain
             ,
             in
             whose
             Patrimony
             they
             have
             been
             ever
             since
             resident
             ,
             was
             reserved
             to
             the
             Victories
             of
             
               Eucisus
               ,
               Balboa
            
             ,
             and
             
               Pedro
               d'Avila
            
             .
          
           
             The
             two
             Praefectures
             of
             
               St.
               Martha
            
             ,
             and
             
               Rio
               de
               la
               Hacha
            
             ,
             were
             brought
             under
             the
             Dominion
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Scepter
             by
             the
             Successful
             managery
             of
             the
             Arms
             of
             that
             Nation
             by
             
               Francisco
               Vasquez
            
             ;
             and
             being
             thus
             reduced
             ,
             have
             been
             ever
             since
             constantly
             subservient
             to
             the
             Commands
             and
             Interest
             of
             the
             Successive
             Monarchs
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             Guatimala
             is
             environed
             on
             the
             North
             with
             Jucutan
             and
             the
             Gulf
             of
             Honduras
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             with
             
               Mare
               del
               Zur
            
             ,
             on
             the
             East
             with
             
               Castilia
               del
               Oro
            
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             
               New
               Spain
            
             .
             It
             is
             resolved
             into
             six
             more
             subordinate
             Provinces
             ,
             namely
             ,
             
               Chiapa
               ,
               Verapaz
               ,
               Guatimala
            
             properly
             so
             called
             ,
             
               Honduras
               ,
               Nicaragua
            
             ,
             and
             lastly
             Veragu●
             .
          
           
             Chiapa
             hath
             a
             Soil
             not
             very
             productive
             of
             Corn
             or
             Fruit
             ,
             though
             that
             Valley
             which
             is
             contiguous
             to
             the
             Town
             of
             Chiapa
             is
             well
             replenished
             with
             Pears
             ,
             Apples
             ,
             Wheat
             ,
             and
             Maiz
             ;
             Herbs
             ,
             Beans
             ,
             and
             Lentils
             transported
             from
             Spain
             thrive
             here
             to
             a
             plentiful
             increase
             ,
             yet
             Vines
             seldome
             arrive
             here
             to
             any
             maturity
             ,
             though
             Wood-vines
             there
             are
             besides
             ,
             which
             afford
             a
             pleasant
             Pulpe
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             were
             well
             managed
             might
             repay
             the
             Labourers
             Industry
             
             with
             a
             nobler
             profit
             .
             Their
             Trees
             ,
             as
             Pines
             ,
             Oakes
             ,
             Cedars
             ,
             and
             the
             Cypresse
             are
             of
             greater
             dimension
             then
             in
             other
             places
             ;
             here
             are
             entire
             Woods
             of
             Walnut-trees
             ,
             but
             the
             nut
             is
             not
             of
             that
             quantity
             as
             those
             of
             Europe
             ;
             some
             Trees
             distil
             Rosin
             ,
             some
             such
             Balsamick-gums
             as
             in
             other
             parts
             are
             not
             Customary
             ,
             and
             some
             there
             are
             whole
             leaves
             being
             dry'd
             into
             powder
             ,
             contribute
             a
             soveraign
             Plaister
             against
             inveterate
             Ulcers
             :
             And
             indeed
             this
             Country
             being
             stored
             with
             Snakes
             and
             other
             venomous
             Creatures
             ,
             doth
             often
             exact
             such
             defensatives
             against
             their
             poyson
             which
             is
             fatally
             deadly
             .
             Here
             is
             a
             considerable
             production
             of
             Cochineele
             .
          
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             are
             more
             devoted
             to
             Musick
             ,
             and
             become
             more
             exact
             in
             Painting
             than
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Natives
             .
          
           
             Verapaz
             is
             a
             Province
             distinguished
             into
             eminent
             Hills
             and
             deep
             Vallies
             ,
             but
             defective
             in
             Fruitfull
             Valleys
             .
             It
             is
             generally
             overspread
             with
             Woods
             very
             large
             and
             thick
             ,
             which
             so
             disturb
             the
             free
             passage
             of
             the
             Winds
             ,
             that
             the
             air
             is
             much
             exposed
             to
             showers
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             Nine
             months
             in
             the
             year
             are
             moist
             with
             continual
             Raine
             ,
             nor
             are
             the
             other
             three
             altogether
             secure
             from
             it
             ;
             which
             excesse
             of
             moisture
             engenders
             many
             Mesqueto's
             injurious
             and
             destructive
             to
             Fruit
             ,
             with
             which
             ,
             and
             with
             Fish
             and
             other
             necessaries
             this
             Province
             is
             redundant
             .
             In
             stead
             of
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             not
             yet
             discovered
             ,
             some
             Trees
             here
             pour
             out
             a
             kind
             of
             
             Amber
             ,
             which
             the
             Natives
             style
             Liquid
             Amber
             ;
             some
             Mastick
             and
             other
             Gums
             ;
             nor
             is
             here
             any
             defect
             of
             Medicinal
             woods
             ,
             as
             Sarsa-parilla
             ,
             China
             ,
             and
             many
             others
             of
             the
             like
             Nature
             .
          
           
             The
             Natives
             are
             tractable
             in
             their
             Conformity
             to
             the
             Spanish
             Discipline
             ,
             unlesse
             the
             Le●andones
             and
             Pachuteci
             ,
             being
             some
             broken
             remains
             of
             the
             Ancient
             Salvages
             ,
             who
             immuring
             themselves
             in
             the
             craggy
             Fastnesses
             of
             this
             Country
             ,
             have
             at
             once
             asserted
             their
             Native
             Freedom
             against
             the
             onsets
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             and
             retained
             their
             ancient
             Idolatry
             ,
             there
             being
             but
             fourteen
             Villages
             in
             all
             this
             Province
             in
             which
             the
             Spaniards
             have
             mingled
             with
             the
             Old
             Inhabitants
             .
          
           
             Guatimala
             properly
             so
             called
             ,
             is
             a
             Province
             not
             only
             embost
             with
             Mountains
             ,
             but
             likewise
             interlaced
             with
             many
             Rive●s
             ,
             which
             renders
             the
             Country
             commodious
             both
             for
             Fishing
             and
             Hunting
             .
             Productive
             it
             is
             of
             Wheat
             ,
             Maiz
             ,
             and
             other
             Provisions
             not
             durable
             ;
             it
             is
             not
             so
             much
             exposed
             to
             Raine
             ,
             as
             the
             neighbouring
             Provin●e
             of
             Verapaz
             ,
             but
             more
             infested
             with
             winds
             .
             It
             contains
             plenty
             of
             rich
             and
             fertile
             Pastures
             ,
             and
             those
             covered
             with
             great
             Herds
             of
             Cattel
             .
             It
             contributes
             store
             of
             Cotten-wooll
             ,
             some
             Balsam
             and
             other
             medicinable
             Liquors
             ;
             it
             transmits
             the
             best
             Sulphur
             ,
             and
             other
             healthful
             Drugs
             ,
             whose
             Register
             I
             am
             ignorant
             of
             .
             The
             People
             are
             full
             of
             Fear
             and
             Pusilanimity
             ,
             yet
             seem
             greater
             poficients
             in
             Christianity
             and
             Civility
             then
             the
             Residue
             of
             the
             Salvages
             ,
             yet
             very
             prone
             
             to
             relapse
             again
             to
             Paganisme
             and
             Infidelity
             ,
             and
             as
             propense
             to
             revive
             again
             their
             old
             Barbarous
             Customes
             ,
             if
             the
             curb
             of
             Power
             and
             bridle
             of
             Authority
             ,
             did
             not
             with
             an
             awfull
             Fear
             restrain
             this
             Apostacy
             .
             The
             Men
             are
             affirmed
             to
             be
             dextrous
             in
             Archerie
             ,
             and
             the
             Women
             skilful
             in
             Spinning
             .
          
           
             Honduras
             is
             a
             fourth
             Province
             of
             Guatimala
             ,
             a
             Country
             so
             swoln
             with
             Hills
             or
             depressed
             with
             Vallies
             ,
             that
             it
             affords
             little
             Champaigne
             ,
             yet
             is
             productive
             of
             Maiz
             and
             Wheat
             ,
             and
             of
             rich
             Pasturage
             ,
             improved
             to
             that
             Fertility
             by
             the
             constant
             over-flowings
             of
             their
             Rivers
             about
             Michaelmas
             .
             Some
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             are
             affirmed
             to
             be
             wrapped
             up
             in
             the
             Entrails
             of
             the
             Earth
             not
             yet
             discovered
             ;
             the
             Inhabitants
             being
             made
             so
             unactive
             with
             Sloth
             and
             Idlenesse
             ,
             that
             they
             had
             rather
             subsist
             by
             Roots
             ,
             the
             common
             stock
             of
             Nature
             ,
             then
             by
             the
             more
             industrious
             design
             of
             Tillage
             ,
             and
             therefore
             not
             easily
             charmed
             to
             toyle
             for
             others
             ,
             that
             will
             not
             Labour
             for
             their
             own
             necessities
             .
          
           
             Nicaragua
             is
             a
             fifth
             Province
             which
             claims
             our
             consideration
             .
             It
             is
             a
             Country
             destitute
             of
             Rivers
             unlesse
             where
             it
             is
             linked
             to
             
               Costa
               Ric●
            
             ,
             which
             is
             it self
             marshall'd
             under
             the
             Notion
             of
             a
             Province
             .
             The
             defect
             of
             which
             is
             supplied
             by
             a
             great
             Lake
             called
             the
             Lake
             of
             Nicaragua
             ,
             one
             hundred
             and
             twenty
             Leagues
             in
             compasse
             ,
             ebbing
             and
             flowing
             like
             the
             Sea.
             It
             is
             not
             much
             enriched
             with
             Corn
             ,
             but
             abounding
             in
             Herds
             of
             
             Cattell
             ,
             who
             have
             a
             Soil
             to
             graze
             on
             Levell
             and
             champaign
             ,
             but
             cooled
             with
             the
             shadow
             of
             frequent
             Trees
             ;
             one
             amongst
             the
             residue
             is
             of
             that
             nice
             Constitution
             ,
             that
             a
             man
             cannot
             touch
             it
             in
             any
             part
             but
             it
             pre●ently
             withers
             .
             Vulgar
             relations
             assert
             this
             Province
             to
             be
             as
             well
             replenished
             with
             Parrots
             as
             England
             with
             Crows
             ;
             It
             is
             stored
             with
             plenty
             of
             Cotten-wooll
             ,
             and
             a
             numerous
             product
             of
             Sugar-canes
             .
             Indeed
             the
             Country
             is
             so
             ennobled
             with
             all
             things
             that
             may
             either
             improve
             Delight
             or
             contribute
             to
             Necessity
             ,
             that
             the
             Spaniards
             have
             imposed
             upon
             it
             the
             Title
             of
             Mahomet's
             Paradise
             .
             The
             Inhabitants
             are
             generally
             knowing
             in
             the
             Spanish
             Dialect
             ,
             to
             the
             Garb
             ,
             Behaviour
             and
             Apparel
             of
             which
             Nation
             they
             willingly
             conforme
             themselves
             ;
             well
             retriv'd
             from
             their
             old
             Barbarous
             Customes
             ,
             which
             are
             still
             retained
             by
             those
             Mountainers
             ,
             they
             call
             Cho●tales
             .
             They
             are
             all
             of
             a
             considerable
             Stature
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             Complexion
             indifferently
             white
             .
             Before
             their
             reduction
             to
             Christianity
             ,
             they
             were
             knit
             together
             by
             a
             politique
             Form
             of
             Government
             ,
             onely
             as
             the
             Romans
             had
             no
             determined
             Law
             or
             punishment
             for
             a
             man
             that
             destroyed
             his
             Father
             ,
             so
             had
             these
             none
             for
             the
             Killer
             of
             a
             King
             ,
             both
             of
             them
             judging
             that
             men
             could
             not
             be
             so
             unnatural
             as
             to
             act
             either
             Parricide
             or
             Regicide
             .
             A
             Theif
             they
             condemned
             not
             to
             Death
             ,
             but
             decreed
             he
             should
             be
             Slave
             to
             that
             person
             he
             had
             injured
             ,
             till
             by
             his
             Service
             his
             crime
             was
             expiated
             with
             
             just
             satisfaction
             :
             A
             course
             both
             prudential
             and
             merciful
             .
          
           
             Veragua
             is
             the
             last
             Province
             in
             Guatimala
             which
             extracts
             our
             Inspection
             .
             The
             Name
             which
             was
             imposed
             upon
             it
             ,
             was
             extracted
             from
             Veragua
             ,
             the
             most
             considerable
             River
             in
             it
             at
             the
             first
             Discovery
             .
             This
             Country
             is
             knotted
             with
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             has
             a
             Soil
             condemned
             to
             Barrennesse
             ,
             in
             no
             capacity
             for
             Tillage
             ,
             and
             lesse
             useful
             for
             the
             feeding
             of
             Cattel
             ,
             yet
             is
             sufficiently
             productive
             of
             Maiz
             and
             Herbage
             ,
             but
             else
             very
             thrifty
             in
             other
             necessaries
             which
             conduce
             to
             the
             Life
             of
             Man
             ;
             but
             to
             recompense
             this
             Ingrateful
             Indigencie
             and
             penury
             of
             Soil
             ,
             the
             Bowels
             of
             the
             Earth
             treasure
             up
             in
             their
             Cells
             and
             gloomy
             Repositories
             ,
             as
             in
             some
             inexhaustible
             Exchequer
             ,
             never
             perishing
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             .
          
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             are
             of
             a
             Warlike
             and
             Irrefragable
             spirit
             ,
             sufficiently
             testified
             by
             their
             undaunted
             Courage
             in
             bearing
             the
             Spanish
             Yoke
             with
             that
             Regret
             and
             reluctancy
             as
             they
             do
             at
             this
             instant
             ;
             it
             being
             observable
             ,
             that
             the
             most
             untameable
             and
             untractable
             Nations
             have
             been
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             Woody
             and
             Mountainous
             Countryes
             ;
             the
             last
             being
             Bulwarks
             cast
             up
             at
             Gods
             own
             charges
             to
             secure
             them
             from
             the
             onsets
             of
             any
             forraign
             violence
             .
          
           
             This
             Country
             entitles
             its
             Discovery
             to
             diverse
             men
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             several
             Members
             and
             Divisions
             of
             it
             ;
             Veragua
             ,
             though
             the
             last
             of
             
             these
             Provinces
             which
             were
             conquered
             ,
             had
             the
             Honour
             to
             be
             first
             visited
             by
             Columbus
             ,
             who
             in
             the
             Year
             1502.
             driving
             up
             and
             down
             on
             these
             Coasts
             was
             cast
             on
             the
             Entrances
             of
             that
             River
             on
             which
             he
             afterwards
             imposed
             the
             Name
             of
             ●elen
             ,
             where
             (
             hearing
             that
             there
             was
             Golden
             Treasures
             in
             the
             Mines
             of
             Hurira
             not
             far
             distant
             )
             he
             intended
             to
             fortifie
             ;
             But
             his
             Designs
             being
             superseded
             by
             a
             Defect
             of
             provisions
             to
             to
             sustain
             his
             followers
             ,
             the
             further
             discovery
             of
             Guatimala
             was
             abandoned
             ,
             being
             reserved
             to
             the
             fortunate
             and
             vigorous
             undertaking
             of
             
               Ferdinand
               Corte●
            
             ,
             who
             having
             fully
             setled
             and
             composed
             the
             Affairs
             of
             Mexico
             ,
             determined
             to
             make
             the
             residue
             of
             America
             bow
             to
             the
             Commands
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Scepter
             .
             And
             to
             reduce
             these
             Intentions
             of
             his
             to
             perfection
             ,
             he
             employed
             his
             Officers
             and
             Commanders
             into
             several
             parts
             ,
             Guatimala
             was
             discovered
             and
             reduced
             by
             
               Pedr●
               de
               Alvarado
               ;
               Honduras
            
             was
             Conquered
             by
             
               Christopher
               de
               Olid
               ;
               Nicaragua
            
             and
             Verag●a
             were
             subdued
             by
             
               Gonsalvo
               de
               Corduba
            
             ;
             and
             lastly
             ,
             
               Vera
               Paz
            
             was
             won
             to
             Christianity
             ,
             and
             the
             Spanish
             Obedience
             together
             ,
             by
             the
             Preaching
             of
             some
             D●minican
             Friers
             of
             that
             Nation
             .
             But
             Cortez
             distrusting
             that
             some
             new
             Revolt
             or
             Defection
             might
             tear
             these
             Provinces
             from
             the
             Spanish
             Dominion
             ,
             resolved
             to
             secure
             his
             new
             Concernments
             by
             a
             personal
             Visit
             ;
             and
             to
             fortifie
             ,
             and
             second
             this
             Design
             in
             the
             Year
             1524.
             he
             collected
             a
             Body
             of
             fifteen
             hundred
             
             Horse
             ,
             and
             as
             many
             Spanish
             Foot
             ,
             with
             an
             Addition
             of
             Three
             thousand
             Mexicans
             ,
             and
             advancing
             into
             Guatimala
             ,
             he
             continued
             his
             progresse
             as
             far
             as
             Truxillo
             ,
             where
             finding
             that
             
               Gonsalvo
               de
               Cordova
            
             had
             so
             composed
             Affairs
             ,
             that
             there
             was
             no
             farther
             need
             of
             his
             Conduct
             or
             Assistance
             ,
             he
             with
             his
             little
             Army
             in
             the
             Year
             1526.
             retreated
             to
             Mexico
             ,
             leaving
             these
             Provinces
             before
             recited
             ,
             firmly
             fastned
             and
             annexed
             by
             an
             happy
             Conquest
             (
             as
             they
             have
             continued
             ever
             since
             )
             to
             the
             Dominion
             and
             Command
             of
             the
             Diadem
             of
             Spain
             .
          
        
         
           
             Nova
             Hispania
             .
          
           
             
               NOva
               Hispania
            
             is
             circumscribed
             on
             the
             East
             with
             a
             spacious
             Arm
             of
             the
             Sea
             called
             the
             Bay
             of
             
               New
               Spain
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Gulf
             of
             Mexico
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             it
             is
             shut
             in
             with
             some
             parts
             of
             
               Nova
               Gallicia
            
             and
             
               Mare
               del
               Zur
            
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             with
             another
             part
             of
             
               Nova
               Gallicia
            
             ,
             some
             part
             of
             Florida
             and
             the
             Gulf
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             with
             
               Mar●
               del
               Zur
            
             ,
             or
             the
             South
             Sea
             ;
             from
             the
             Discovery
             of
             these
             new
             Acquists
             ,
             the
             Kings
             of
             Spain
             style
             themselves
             
               Reges
               Hispaniarum
            
             ,
             in
             the
             Plural
             number
             .
          
           
             The
             Air
             of
             this
             whole
             Continent
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             generality
             or
             principall
             part
             of
             it
             ,
             is
             temperate
             
             enough
             ,
             though
             placed
             under
             the
             
               Torrid
               Zone
            
             ,
             the
             Heat
             being
             much
             qualified
             by
             the
             Fannings
             of
             those
             continual
             Breezes
             which
             breath
             upon
             it
             from
             three
             Confines
             of
             the
             Sea
             ;
             this
             Refrigerium
             or
             abatement
             of
             Heat
             being
             much
             inforc'd
             by
             that
             continual
             Flux
             of
             Rain
             which
             distils
             upon
             the
             Earth
             in
             those
             hotter
             months
             of
             
               June
               ,
               July
            
             and
             August
             .
             The
             entrails
             of
             this
             Soile
             treasure
             up
             in
             themselves
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             Brasse
             and
             Iron
             ;
             Nor
             is
             the
             Surface
             of
             it
             more
             ungrateful
             to
             the
             Industry
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             here
             being
             a
             copious
             plenty
             of
             Wheat
             ,
             Barly
             ,
             Pulse
             of
             all
             sorts
             ,
             and
             of
             such
             plants
             and
             roots
             as
             are
             nourished
             for
             the
             use
             of
             the
             Kitchin
             ,
             Maiz
             in
             a
             fertile
             quantity
             ;
             nor
             is
             the
             production
             lesse
             of
             other
             plants
             unknown
             to
             Europe
             ;
             Pomgranats
             ,
             Oringes
             ,
             Limons
             ,
             Citrons
             ,
             Malacatons
             ,
             Figs
             and
             Cherries
             ,
             do
             here
             enrich
             their
             owners
             even
             with
             superfluous
             increase
             ;
             Apples
             and
             Pears
             are
             more
             thrifty
             in
             their
             fertility
             ,
             and
             Grapes
             no
             lesse
             ,
             and
             those
             which
             arrive
             to
             Maturity
             are
             unfit
             for
             the
             Composition
             of
             Wine
             .
             Of
             Beasts
             and
             Birds
             both
             wilde
             and
             ●ame
             ,
             there
             is
             a
             fruitful
             Account
             :
             but
             that
             which
             most
             ennobles
             it
             is
             the
             plenty
             of
             Coco-nuts
             ,
             the
             abundance
             of
             Cassia
             ,
             and
             the
             wonderful
             Increase
             of
             Cochineel
             ,
             which
             hath
             been
             improved
             to
             that
             quantity
             ,
             that
             Five
             thousand
             six
             hundred
             and
             seventy
             Arroba's
             of
             it
             (
             each
             Arroba
             comprehending
             Twenty
             five
             Bushels
             of
             our
             English
             measure
             )
             have
             been
             transported
             into
             Europe
             ,
             
             ●
             Drug
             of
             a
             very
             inconsiderable
             Extraction
             ,
             for
             it
             grows
             upon
             a
             small
             Tree
             or
             Shrub
             shadowed
             with
             thick
             Leaves
             called
             a
             Tuna
             ,
             in
             their
             Institution
             planted
             and
             order'd
             as
             the
             French
             do
             their
             Vines
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             Seed
             hereof
             issues
             a
             Worme
             ,
             in
             its
             bulk
             ,
             when
             extended
             to
             the
             greatest
             proportion
             not
             exceeding
             our
             Lady-cows
             ,
             whom
             they
             much
             resemble
             ;
             which
             receiving
             their
             food
             from
             the
             Leaves
             ,
             and
             over-spreading
             the
             ground
             with
             their
             number
             ,
             are
             collected
             into
             heaps
             twice
             in
             the
             Year
             by
             the
             Natives
             ,
             stifled
             with
             Ashes
             ,
             or
             mortified
             with
             Water
             ,
             and
             after
             this
             Tragedy
             ,
             being
             dried
             and
             reduced
             into
             powder
             ,
             make
             up
             that
             Cargo
             which
             is
             transported
             into
             
               Europe
               .
               Nova
               Hispania
            
             is
             distinguished
             into
             six
             Provinces
             ,
             the
             Register
             of
             which
             follows
             ,
             namely
             
               Panuco
               ,
               Mexicana
               ,
               Mechoacan
               ,
               Tlascala
               ,
               Guaxata
               ,
            
             and
             Jucutan
             .
          
           
             All
             which
             are
             not
             alike
             in
             all
             places
             as
             to
             the
             Constitution
             of
             the
             Soil
             and
             Air
             ,
             which
             is
             so
             different
             in
             these
             Provinces
             ,
             that
             in
             such
             ▪
             parts
             of
             them
             as
             are
             hot
             and
             dry
             ,
             their
             Seed
             time
             is
             in
             April
             or
             May
             ,
             their
             Harvest
             in
             October
             ;
             but
             in
             that
             Division
             of
             this
             Continent
             as
             is
             low
             and
             moist
             ,
             they
             entrust
             their
             Corn
             to
             the
             Earth
             in
             October
             ,
             and
             reap
             its
             product
             in
             April
             or
             May
             ;
             thus
             two
             ▪
             Harvests
             in
             a
             year
             ,
             (
             and
             yet
             but
             one
             if
             we
             consider
             their
             alternate
             and
             successive
             Vicessitudes
             )
             in
             this
             Region
             are
             the
             Result
             of
             the
             Husband-mans
             industrious
             Tillage
             .
          
           
             The
             Ancient
             and
             Original
             Inhabitants
             of
             this
             
             Track
             were
             the
             Chichimeca's
             and
             Ottomies
             ,
             who
             were
             disseised
             by
             the
             Navatlacos
             ,
             resolv'd
             ●nd
             digested
             into
             seven
             Tribes
             ,
             which
             are
             thus
             Registred
             in
             their
             Catalogue
             ,
             the
             Sachimilci
             ,
             ●he
             Chalchae
             ,
             the
             Tepenecae
             ,
             the
             Culvae
             ,
             the
             Tla●uici
             ,
             the
             Tlascaltecae
             ;
             all
             of
             which
             were
             setled
             ●n
             this
             Track
             ,
             and
             five
             of
             them
             upon
             the
             Mar●in
             of
             the
             Lake
             of
             Mexico
             ,
             before
             the
             Eruption
             of
             the
             Mexicans
             ,
             so
             styl'd
             from
             Mexi
             their
             prin●ipal
             Leader
             ,
             who
             much
             charmed
             with
             the
             Con●eniences
             and
             situation
             of
             Temistitan
             ,
             a
             City
             then
             ●n●ombed
             in
             a
             Heap
             of
             ruines
             ,
             caused
             it
             to
             be
             ●eedified
             and
             adopted
             it
             into
             his
             own
             Family
             ,
             ●tyling
             it
             Mexico
             ,
             which
             afterwards
             grew
             the
             Metrapolis
             of
             this
             Common-wealth
             ;
             the
             Chiefs
             of
             six
             of
             the
             Tribes
             managing
             the
             publique
             affairs
             ●n
             common
             after
             the
             fashion
             and
             mould
             of
             an
             Aristocratical
             Common-wealth
             ,
             but
             the
             Ty●annical
             prevalency
             of
             some
             Tribes
             having
             by
             ●n
             over-poize
             made
             the
             Power
             unequal
             ,
             the
             Mexicans
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             most
             inconsiderable
             Tribes
             ,
             ●eing
             grated
             upon
             by
             the
             unjust
             and
             uneven
             pressures
             of
             the
             rest
             ,
             separated
             themselves
             from
             the
             main
             Body
             ,
             and
             resigned
             up
             the
             Administration
             and
             sway
             of
             their
             Affairs
             to
             a
             King
             of
             their
             own
             ,
             at
             first
             elected
             by
             themselves
             ;
             but
             when
             the
             prosperity
             of
             their
             prevailing
             Arms
             had
             cast
             all
             these
             Tribes
             but
             Tlas●alla
             ,
             under
             the
             Scepters
             of
             
               Acamapitzli
               ,
               Vitzovitzli
               ,
               Hulzi●ihuiel
               ,
               Chimal
               Pupuca
               ,
               Iscoalt
               ,
               Motezuma
               ,
            
             and
             others
             of
             their
             succeeding
             Kings
             ,
             
             the
             choice
             of
             the
             Mexican
             Monarchs
             was
             entrusted
             unto
             Six
             ,
             who
             as
             a
             Common-Council
             or
             Senate
             represented
             the
             six
             Tribes
             above-mentioned
             ,
             and
             they
             still
             lodged
             the
             Election
             upon
             the
             most
             Active
             and
             Magnanimous
             ,
             and
             who
             were
             chiefly
             fitted
             for
             Military
             Designs
             and
             undertakings
             .
          
           
             Although
             this
             spacious
             Province
             be
             not
             barren
             in
             Rarities
             ,
             as
             namely
             ,
             two
             Mountains
             ,
             one
             in
             the
             Province
             of
             Mexico
             ,
             which
             vomits
             out
             Fire
             ,
             the
             second
             in
             that
             of
             Guaxata
             ,
             which
             disgo●ges
             from
             its
             heated
             Entrails
             two
             Burning
             Streams
             ,
             one
             of
             Red
             Pitch
             ,
             the
             other
             of
             Black
             ;
             yet
             the
             principal
             which
             exacts
             our
             Notice
             ,
             is
             that
             which
             they
             call
             Magney
             or
             Meto
             ,
             a
             Tree
             which
             they
             both
             plant
             and
             dresse
             as
             we
             do
             our
             Vines
             ;
             it
             hath
             on
             it
             forty
             severall
             distinctions
             of
             Leaves
             ,
             which
             when
             tender
             ,
             they
             compose
             into
             Conserves
             ,
             Paper
             ,
             Flax
             ,
             Mantles
             ,
             Mats
             ,
             Shooes
             ,
             Girdles
             and
             Cordage
             ;
             and
             these
             Leaves
             are
             armed
             with
             prickles
             so
             strong
             and
             pungent
             ,
             that
             the
             people
             use
             them
             in
             stead
             of
             Saws
             .
             From
             the
             Top
             of
             the
             Tree
             issues
             a
             Juice
             in
             consistence
             like
             a
             Syrrup
             ,
             which
             upon
             Decoction
             puts
             on
             the
             shape
             of
             an
             Hony
             ;
             and
             if
             purified
             ,
             the
             form
             of
             Sugar
             ,
             out
             of
             which
             they
             extract
             both
             Wine
             and
             Vinegar
             .
             Out
             of
             the
             Bark
             ,
             being
             roasted
             ,
             is
             drawn
             a
             convenient
             Plaister
             for
             wounds
             ,
             bruises
             and
             sores
             ;
             and
             from
             the
             highest
             of
             the
             Bowes
             distils
             an
             unctuous
             Juice
             like
             a
             Gum
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             Soveraign
             Antidote
             to
             chastise
             the
             malignity
             of
             
             Poyson
             .
             But
             I
             have
             digressed
             ,
             I
             now
             return
             to
             the
             description
             of
             those
             Provinces
             above
             mentioned
             ;
             and
             first
             Panuco
             obviates
             our
             discovery
             ,
             so
             called
             from
             Panuco
             the
             Chief
             River
             of
             it
             ,
             which
             bubling
             out
             of
             the
             Hills
             of
             Tepecsuan
             ,
             bordering
             upon
             Cinoloa
             and
             Couliacan
             ,
             and
             dividing
             
               New
               Biscay
            
             from
             the
             Province
             of
             Zocotecas
             ,
             glides
             through
             the
             middle
             of
             this
             Province
             ,
             and
             so
             at
             last
             after
             many
             traverses
             disembogues
             it self
             into
             the
             Gulf
             of
             Mexico
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             divided
             into
             three
             lesser
             Provinces
             called
             
               Aiotuxetlan
               ,
               Chila
            
             ,
             and
             a
             Third
             whose
             Name
             is
             not
             yet
             discovered
             .
             The
             Soil
             is
             in
             some
             parts
             fruitful
             and
             productive
             of
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             ,
             in
             others
             again
             lesse
             pregnant
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             last
             Provinces
             dry
             and
             unpleasant
             ,
             being
             condemned
             to
             Barrenness
             &
             infertility
             not
             from
             any
             intrinsique
             defect
             in
             the
             Soil
             ,
             but
             rather
             (
             as
             it
             s
             thought
             )
             from
             a
             want
             of
             Inhabitants
             to
             cultivate
             the
             Earth
             ,
             who
             being
             active
             and
             couragious
             ,
             rather
             than
             they
             would
             bow
             their
             necks
             to
             a
             Forraign
             Servitude
             ,
             have
             been
             almost
             rooted
             out
             in
             those
             Contests
             and
             Encounters
             which
             were
             waged
             between
             them
             and
             Cortez
             the
             Spanish
             General
             .
          
           
             Mechoacan
             ,
             the
             second
             Province
             ,
             hath
             extracted
             its
             Name
             from
             that
             plenty
             of
             Fish
             their
             abundance
             of
             Rivers
             and
             Lakes
             afford
             them
             ,
             the
             word
             importing
             in
             the
             Native
             Idiome
             
               Locus
               Piscosus
            
             or
             a
             Country
             of
             Fish.
             It
             is
             ennobled
             with
             an
             Air
             so
             sweet
             and
             salubrious
             ,
             that
             Diseased
             people
             repair
             thither
             from
             distant
             Countries
             
             to
             retrive
             their
             Health
             ,
             which
             is
             likewise
             promoted
             and
             inforced
             by
             the
             use
             of
             those
             medicinable
             hot
             Baths
             which
             issue
             from
             Rocks
             and
             other
             craggy
             Repositories
             .
             The
             Soil
             is
             plentifully
             productive
             of
             Grain
             even
             to
             admiration
             .
             It
             is
             well
             Wooded
             and
             full
             of
             excellent
             Pastures
             ,
             which
             are
             improved
             by
             the
             multiplicity
             of
             Springs
             and
             Rivers
             ,
             nor
             does
             it
             yeild
             to
             any
             part
             of
             America
             for
             Herbs
             and
             Plants
             of
             an
             active
             and
             Medicinal
             nature
             in
             the
             Conquest
             and
             expulsion
             of
             Diseases
             .
             It
             is
             likewise
             redundant
             with
             Amber
             ,
             Mulbery-trees
             ,
             Wax
             ,
             Hony
             ,
             and
             such
             other
             things
             as
             are
             subservient
             both
             to
             Pompe
             and
             Pleasure
             .
             The
             Inhabitants
             are
             tall
             ,
             strong
             ,
             and
             active
             ,
             of
             no
             contemptible
             Ingenuity
             ,
             as
             being
             dextro●s
             in
             the
             Contexture
             of
             many
             Manufactures
             ,
             more
             pliant
             to
             the
             manners
             and
             Habit
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Nation
             than
             any
             of
             the
             Natives
             of
             
               New
               Spain
            
             ,
             the
             Mexicans
             on●ly
             excepted
             ,
             and
             of
             so
             propense
             an
             inclination
             to
             Christianity
             ,
             that
             by
             planting
             many
             Parishes
             ,
             and
             establishing
             many
             Convents
             of
             Dominican
             and
             Augustine
             Friers
             amongst
             them
             they
             are
             almost
             rescued
             from
             their
             old
             habituated
             Idolatry
             .
          
           
             Mexicana
             is
             the
             third
             Province
             which
             obliges
             our
             consideration
             .
             The
             Soil
             abundantly
             supplyes
             not
             only
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             but
             likewise
             numerous
             Herds
             of
             Cattel
             ,
             with
             plenty
             of
             Aliment
             ;
             nor
             is
             it
             defective
             in
             Fruits
             ,
             of
             which
             there
             is
             a
             liberal
             production
             .
             The
             Inhabitants
             
             are
             industrious
             as
             to
             the
             care
             of
             their
             common
             Subsistence
             ,
             which
             commonly
             is
             supported
             by
             their
             copious
             Stock
             of
             Cattel
             ,
             of
             which
             some
             private
             persons
             abound
             to
             such
             store
             ,
             that
             their
             Register
             amounts
             to
             Forty
             thousand
             Kine
             and
             Oxen
             :
             Nor
             are
             they
             lesse
             dextrous
             in
             extracting
             a
             livelyhood
             from
             Fish
             ,
             of
             which
             last
             they
             draw
             out
             such
             plenty
             from
             the
             Lake
             of
             Mexico
             alone
             ,
             that
             the
             profits
             arising
             from
             this
             Trade
             swell
             to
             a
             volume
             of
             Twenty
             thousand
             Crowns
             paid
             yearly
             into
             the
             King
             of
             Spain's
             Exchequer
             :
             They
             are
             ingenious
             likewise
             in
             those
             Mechanical
             Arts
             which
             here
             are
             professed
             ,
             growing
             good
             Handy-craftsmen
             ,
             if
             they
             stoop
             so
             low
             as
             to
             Trades
             ;
             becoming
             rich
             Merchants
             ,
             if
             they
             apply
             themselves
             to
             a
             more
             noble
             and
             profitable
             Commerce
             ;
             and
             waxing
             hardy
             and
             valiant
             Soldiers
             ,
             if
             they
             are
             disciplin'd
             and
             imployed
             in
             Service
             ,
             having
             in
             Times
             of
             more
             high
             ascent
             ,
             very
             well
             managed
             the
             Sling
             and
             Arrowes
             their
             ancient
             Arms
             ,
             and
             in
             these
             modern
             Ages
             as
             vigorously
             (
             being
             enured
             to
             it
             by
             their
             Spanish
             Conquerours
             )
             weild
             the
             Harcubuize
             and
             Pike
             which
             are
             their
             new
             .
             But
             the
             greatest
             Glory
             and
             Fame
             which
             both
             now
             &
             anciently
             did
             accrue
             to
             them
             ,
             was
             their
             exquisite
             perfection
             in
             composing
             their
             Feather
             Pictures
             ,
             turning
             every
             feather
             to
             the
             Light
             every
             way
             ,
             upwards
             and
             downwards
             ,
             to
             discover
             in
             what
             posture
             it
             will
             best
             fit
             the
             place
             intended
             for
             ;
             secondly
             ,
             their
             most
             accomplish'd
             expertnesse
             in
             Refining
             their
             Metals
             ;
             and
             thirdly
             ,
             
             their
             curious
             designs
             in
             Painting
             upon
             Cotton
             ,
             whatsoever
             was
             represented
             to
             the
             Eye
             .
             But
             these
             Virtues
             and
             perfections
             were
             stained
             and
             debauched
             with
             so
             Barbarous
             a
             Cruelty
             ,
             that
             they
             thought
             no
             victime
             so
             fit
             could
             be
             offered
             up
             to
             appease
             the
             Fury
             of
             their
             gods
             ,
             as
             an
             Oblation
             of
             humane
             Sacrifices
             ,
             so
             that
             it
             is
             no
             wonder
             if
             God
             permitted
             the
             Spanish
             Sword
             to
             ●ake
             such
             bloody
             Ravage
             upon
             this
             People
             ,
             as
             ●
             reward
             proportioned
             to
             recompense
             their
             inhumane
             Butcheries
             ,
             it
             being
             still
             very
             equal
             that
             the
             Artificers
             of
             Death
             should
             be
             caught
             in
             their
             own
             impious
             and
             injurious
             Artifices
             .
             But
             Ignorance
             and
             Barbarity
             are
             still
             complicated
             and
             entwined
             ,
             and
             so
             it
             was
             manifested
             here
             ,
             for
             upon
             the
             first
             Eruption
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             their
             misguided
             Apprehensions
             esteemed
             Them
             and
             their
             Horses
             to
             be
             one
             peice
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             neighed
             they
             demanded
             what
             they
             spake
             ,
             ignorantly
             placing
             no
             Distinction
             between
             neighing
             and
             speaking
             .
          
           
             Guaxaca
             is
             a
             fourth
             Province
             which
             falls
             under
             our
             Cognisance
             .
             It
             hath
             assumed
             this
             Name
             from
             Guaxaca
             the
             principal
             Town
             of
             these
             parts
             ,
             now
             styled
             Antequera
             .
             The
             Air
             hereof
             is
             sound
             and
             salubrious
             ,
             which
             hovers
             over
             a
             Soile
             as
             fruitful
             ,
             productive
             not
             onely
             of
             those
             Commodities
             which
             it
             enjoyes
             in
             common
             with
             other
             Provinces
             of
             this
             Continent
             ,
             but
             likewise
             blest
             with
             such
             plenty
             of
             Mulberry-trees
             ,
             that
             from
             thence
             is
             extracted
             such
             a
             quantity
             of
             Silk
             ,
             
             that
             if
             the
             Natives
             paid
             their
             Tithes
             (
             as
             they
             do
             not
             )
             the
             Income
             which
             issued
             from
             thence
             ,
             would
             afford
             a
             Revenue
             competent
             enough
             to
             support
             five
             Bishopricks
             .
             Rivers
             are
             here
             very
             numerous
             ,
             whose
             Shores
             for
             the
             most
             part
             are
             enamelled
             with
             Golden
             Sand
             ,
             nor
             is
             there
             here
             any
             deficiency
             of
             Cochineele
             ,
             Cassia
             ,
             Silver
             ,
             and
             other
             Metals
             ;
             so
             that
             if
             the
             Industry
             of
             the
             People
             were
             but
             correspondent
             to
             the
             Fertility
             of
             the
             Soil
             and
             Wealth
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             it
             might
             become
             as
             opulent
             as
             any
             Province
             in
             America
             :
             But
             the
             natural
             sloth
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             makes
             them
             impatient
             of
             Labour
             ,
             and
             consequently
             intercepts
             all
             opportunities
             which
             may
             suggest
             an
             occasion
             of
             ama●●ing
             together
             any
             considerable
             Estate
             ;
             yet
             notwithstanding
             this
             ,
             they
             are
             of
             a
             tractable
             and
             docile
             Capacity
             in
             relation
             to
             the
             Impressions
             of
             the
             Catholique
             Faith
             ,
             which
             hath
             encouraged
             the
             Spaniard
             to
             establish
             here
             an
             Hundred
             and
             twenty
             Covents
             of
             Dominican
             Friers
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             Schools
             and
             Seminaries
             of
             Learning
             ,
             that
             by
             their
             Influence
             and
             concurrent
             assistance
             they
             might
             better
             improve
             the
             growth
             of
             Christianity
             in
             this
             Province
             .
          
           
             Jucutan
             is
             a
             fifth
             Province
             which
             calls
             for
             our
             remembrance
             .
             It
             hath
             borrowed
             this
             Name
             from
             Jucutan
             ,
             which
             in
             the
             Idiome
             or
             Dialect
             of
             the
             Country
             imports
             as
             much
             as
             
               What
               say
               you
            
             ?
             For
             when
             the
             Spaniards
             at
             their
             first
             arrival
             demanded
             the
             Name
             of
             the
             place
             ,
             the
             Natives
             
             answered
             ,
             Jucutan
             .
             The
             Air
             which
             hovers
             over
             this
             Country
             is
             hot
             ,
             whose
             fervors
             are
             inforced
             from
             the
             Destitution
             or
             want
             of
             Rivers
             in
             this
             Track
             ,
             whose
             defect
             is
             supplied
             by
             the
             conservatories
             of
             artificial
             Pits
             and
             Channels
             .
             The
             Soil
             is
             generally
             condemned
             to
             Barrenne●s
             ,
             not
             producing
             wheat
             ,
             or
             any
             European
             Fruits
             ;
             nor
             many
             of
             those
             which
             are
             of
             the
             natural
             Extraction
             of
             America
             in
             other
             places
             .
             Nor
             are
             its
             bowels
             more
             pregnant
             in
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             or
             any
             other
             Metalls
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             general
             subsistence
             of
             this
             People
             ,
             is
             principally
             supported
             by
             Trades
             and
             Mechanick
             Operations
             .
             But
             that
             which
             makes
             this
             Country
             most
             remarkable
             ,
             is
             ,
             that
             the
             Spaniards
             upon
             their
             first
             approach
             discovered
             here
             some
             symptomes
             or
             glimpses
             of
             Christianity
             ,
             the
             people
             generally
             observing
             a
             constant
             Form
             of
             Baptisme
             ,
             which
             in
             the
             Native
             Dialect
             is
             styled
             a
             second
             Birth
             ,
             expressing
             by
             that
             word
             a
             Regeneration
             ;
             nor
             is
             any
             one
             permitted
             ,
             to
             Marry
             untill
             he
             hath
             the
             Symboll
             of
             this
             Initiation
             ,
             which
             probably
             was
             some
             Vestigium
             or
             Relique
             of
             the
             Christian
             Religion
             left
             here
             behind
             by
             
               Mad●c●ap
               Owen
            
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             Christians
             by
             the
             Disaster
             of
             some
             Shipwrack
             cast
             upon
             this
             infortunate
             shore
             .
          
           
             Tlascalla
             is
             that
             eminent
             Province
             ,
             which
             being
             one
             of
             the
             Seven
             Tribes
             ,
             which
             having
             supplanted
             the
             Ancient
             Natives
             ,
             the
             Chichimechas
             ,
             could
             never
             be
             reduced
             to
             the
             Tyranny
             and
             Usurpation
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             Mexico
             ,
             but
             
             still
             preserved
             themselves
             ,
             notwithstanding
             their
             frequent
             Eruptions
             in
             the
             Liberty
             of
             a
             Democracie
             or
             Free
             State
             ,
             and
             erected
             here
             the
             City
             of
             Tlascalla
             ,
             which
             as
             it
             gave
             Name
             to
             ,
             so
             it
             became
             the
             Metrapolis
             of
             this
             Province
             ,
             and
             in
             this
             Capacity
             they
             remained
             until
             the
             Invasion
             of
             Cortez
             made
             upon
             Mexico
             ,
             to
             whose
             assistance
             out
             of
             Animosity
             to
             the
             Mexicans
             ,
             they
             and
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             Zempoallan
             ,
             another
             City
             of
             this
             Province
             ,
             contributed
             such
             large
             supplies
             both
             of
             Men
             and
             other
             Necessaries
             ,
             that
             by
             their
             concurrence
             Mexico
             was
             reduced
             and
             the
             Scepter
             of
             that
             Kingdom
             broken
             to
             peices
             ;
             and
             though
             they
             were
             forced
             afterwards
             to
             bow
             to
             the
             successful
             Sword
             of
             the
             Spaniard
             ,
             yet
             do
             they
             preserve
             still
             some
             shadow
             of
             ancient
             Liberty
             ,
             being
             exempt
             from
             all
             kind
             of
             Tribute
             ,
             as
             a
             Recompense
             of
             their
             former
             Services
             ,
             except
             it
             be
             an
             handfull
             of
             Wheat
             for
             every
             person
             ,
             and
             permitted
             to
             live
             under
             the
             protection
             of
             the
             former
             Government
             .
          
           
             This
             Province
             is
             abundantly
             stored
             with
             Corn
             and
             Cattell
             ,
             every
             where
             strewed
             with
             rich
             Pastures
             ,
             and
             abundantly
             productive
             of
             Mai●
             .
             It
             is
             levell
             and
             beaten
             out
             into
             an
             even
             Champaigne
             ,
             unlesse
             where
             it
             confines
             on
             the
             Sea
             ,
             where
             it
             is
             made
             Gibbous
             and
             rugged
             with
             a
             Chain
             of
             craggy
             Mountains
             ;
             but
             indeed
             the
             Fertility
             of
             the
             Earth
             is
             very
             much
             inforced
             and
             multiplyed
             by
             those
             many
             Rivers
             which
             stream
             almost
             through
             every
             vein
             of
             it
             .
          
           
           
             If
             we
             please
             to
             trace
             out
             those
             Eminent
             persons
             to
             whose
             Industry
             and
             Navigation
             these
             Provinces
             which
             lie
             clasped
             up
             within
             the
             Verge
             of
             
               Nova
               Hispania
            
             do
             attribute
             their
             first
             Discovery
             ,
             we
             shall
             find
             that
             Panuco
             and
             Mechoacan
             were
             first
             attempted
             by
             
               Francisco
               Garaio
            
             ,
             but
             their
             Conquest
             was
             perfected
             by
             
               Ferdinand
               Cortez
            
             in
             the
             Year
             1522.
             
          
           
             Jucutan
             was
             first
             Discovered
             by
             
               Ferdinand
               Cordova
            
             in
             the
             Year
             1517.
             which
             Discovery
             was
             in
             the
             Year
             1518.
             reinforced
             by
             
               John
               de
               Grijalua
            
             ,
             and
             persued
             likewise
             by
             the
             Industrious
             Designs
             of
             Cortez
             ,
             who
             about
             Tabasco
             obtained
             over
             the
             Natives
             a
             signal
             Victory
             ;
             but
             the
             final
             reduction
             of
             this
             Province
             to
             the
             Obedience
             and
             Soveraignty
             of
             the
             Crown
             of
             Spain
             ,
             is
             entitled
             to
             the
             Successful
             Sword
             of
             
               Francisco
               Monteio
            
             ,
             who
             in
             the
             Year
             1527.
             atchieved
             a
             full
             and
             absolute
             Conquest
             over
             it
             .
          
           
             Mexico
             and
             Guaxata
             followed
             the
             Fate
             of
             Panuco
             and
             Mechoacan
             ,
             and
             by
             their
             Conquest
             and
             Subjection
             augmented
             the
             Triumphs
             of
             the
             Victorious
             Cortez
             ,
             about
             the
             Years
             1521
             ,
             and
             1522.
             
             Tlascalan
             was
             first
             Discovered
             by
             
               John
               Grijalua
            
             ,
             but
             received
             under
             the
             Protection
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Scepter
             by
             Cortez
             in
             the
             Year
             1521.
             
          
           
             
               Nova
               Gallicia
            
             is
             circumscribed
             on
             the
             East
             and
             South
             with
             
               Nova
               Hispania
            
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             the
             River
             of
             
               Buena
               Guia
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Gulfe
             of
             Califormia
             ,
             the
             Countries
             which
             abutt
             on
             
             the
             Northern
             parts
             of
             it
             are
             not
             yet
             exposed
             to
             a
             Discovery
             .
             It
             hath
             assumed
             this
             Name
             from
             some
             resemblance
             or
             proportion
             it
             holds
             with
             the
             Province
             of
             
               Old
               Gallicia
            
             in
             Spain
             .
          
           
             The
             Air
             generally
             is
             of
             a
             temperate
             Constitution
             ,
             yet
             more
             inclinable
             to
             heat
             than
             cold
             ,
             yet
             often
             discomposed
             with
             Thunders
             and
             Storms
             ,
             and
             Cataracts
             of
             Rain
             ;
             the
             ground
             is
             much
             obnoxious
             to
             drynesse
             ,
             if
             not
             mollified
             by
             the
             Morning
             Dewes
             which
             here
             distill
             frequently
             ,
             but
             whether
             the
             Temperature
             of
             the
             Air
             or
             Soil
             do
             contain
             in
             it
             some
             impure
             Seminalities
             is
             incertain
             ;
             sure
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             here
             is
             a
             production
             of
             Gnats
             (
             it
             is
             possible
             they
             may
             proceed
             from
             a
             complicated
             putrefaction
             )
             affirmed
             to
             be
             in
             bulk
             equall
             to
             a
             Bean
             ,
             which
             by
             their
             stings
             afflict
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             raise
             Blisters
             on
             their
             Bodies
             proportionate
             in
             their
             dimension
             to
             a
             Walnut
             .
          
           
             The
             Country
             in
             general
             is
             more
             knotted
             with
             Hills
             then
             levell
             with
             Plains
             ,
             and
             in
             most
             parts
             Sandy
             .
             Quarryes
             of
             stone
             are
             here
             in
             abundance
             ,
             but
             there
             is
             a
             deficiency
             of
             Marble
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             Stone
             of
             value
             .
             Plenty
             here
             is
             of
             Mines
             of
             Silver
             ,
             but
             few
             of
             Gold
             or
             Iron
             ;
             yet
             is
             their
             Silver
             not
             free
             from
             a
             mixture
             of
             Lead
             .
             The
             Soil
             is
             so
             Fertile
             that
             for
             one
             Measure
             of
             Wheat
             it
             payes
             back
             its
             Interest
             in
             Sixty
             ,
             and
             for
             one
             of
             Maiz
             it
             refunds
             Two
             hundred
             .
             The
             Rivers
             abound
             in
             Fish
             ,
             and
             the
             Woods
             in
             Beasts
             ;
             Swarms
             here
             are
             of
             Bees
             without
             stings
             ,
             which
             
             have
             no
             other
             Hive
             but
             the
             Forrest
             to
             compose
             their
             Hony
             in
             .
             Apples
             ,
             Pears
             ,
             Citrons
             ,
             Figs
             ,
             Malacotons
             ,
             and
             other
             European
             Fruits
             transported
             from
             Spain
             ,
             thrive
             better
             here
             than
             in
             their
             Native
             soil
             ,
             onely
             the
             Cherry
             and
             Olive
             arrive
             at
             no
             perfection
             ;
             of
             which
             the
             first
             hath
             her
             nourishment
             purloin'd
             from
             her
             by
             Emmots
             ,
             and
             the
             last
             thrusts
             forth
             such
             clouds
             of
             Leaves
             ,
             (
             occasioned
             by
             the
             ranknesse
             of
             the
             circumambient
             earth
             )
             that
             the
             Fruit
             seldome
             ascends
             to
             just
             maturity
             .
          
           
             The
             People
             are
             of
             an
             inconstant
             volatile
             Nature
             ,
             apt
             upon
             any
             Disgust
             to
             abandon
             their
             Houses
             ,
             and
             take
             Sanctuary
             in
             Woods
             and
             other
             Fastnesses
             ;
             nay
             ,
             to
             return
             to
             their
             ancient
             Barbarisme
             .
             Tractable
             and
             docile
             enough
             even
             in
             Matters
             which
             relate
             to
             Religion
             ;
             but
             lazie
             and
             impatient
             of
             Labour
             ,
             to
             which
             they
             hardly
             are
             enur'd
             either
             with
             Stripes
             or
             Wages
             ,
             yet
             they
             are
             of
             vigorous
             and
             healthful
             temper
             ,
             contagious
             Diseases
             seldome
             breaking
             in
             upon
             them
             ,
             which
             is
             occasioned
             by
             the
             sound
             Constitution
             of
             the
             Air.
             Much
             given
             they
             are
             to
             Dancing
             ,
             Singing
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             to
             Drinking
             .
             Their
             stature
             is
             reasonably
             tall
             ,
             their
             Vesture
             generally
             is
             a
             Shirt
             of
             Cotton
             ,
             with
             a
             Mantle
             cast
             over
             it
             ,
             fastned
             with
             two
             Buckles
             about
             their
             shoulders
             .
             They
             Inhabit
             in
             Villages
             ,
             which
             swell
             in
             their
             Dimension
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             greatnesse
             of
             those
             several
             Tribes
             they
             are
             to
             receive
             ,
             which
             Tribes
             are
             under
             the
             Command
             of
             their
             respective
             
             Chiefs
             ,
             who
             succeed
             hereditarily
             ,
             yet
             notwithstanding
             are
             all
             subservient
             to
             the
             Sway
             and
             Regiment
             of
             the
             Judges
             ,
             and
             other
             Ministers
             of
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
             Plenty
             here
             is
             of
             Sugar-canes
             and
             Cochineele
             ;
             but
             the
             Spaniards
             being
             concerned
             in
             more
             gainfull
             Merchandise
             ,
             and
             eager
             in
             the
             persuit
             and
             search
             of
             Metals
             ,
             neglect
             to
             refine
             the
             one
             ,
             and
             are
             not
             very
             sedulous
             to
             attend
             the
             ordering
             of
             the
             other
             .
          
           
             If
             you
             will
             Survey
             the
             Anatomy
             of
             this
             Region
             ,
             you
             will
             find
             it
             to
             be
             dissected
             into
             seven
             subordinate
             Provinces
             ;
             namely
             ,
             1
             Cinaloa
             .
             2
             Couliacan
             .
             3
             Xalisco
             .
             4
             Guadalaira
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             Western
             shores
             ,
             5
             Zacot●cas
             6
             
               New
               B●scay
            
             ;
             and
             lastly
             ,
             
               Nova
               Mexicana
            
             ,
             lock'd
             up
             within
             the
             Land.
             
          
           
             Cinaloa
             the
             first
             Province
             in
             the
             Register
             above
             mentioned
             ,
             is
             made
             happy
             by
             an
             Air
             generally
             clear
             and
             healthy
             ,
             and
             enriched
             with
             a
             Soil
             fat
             and
             Fruitful
             ,
             productive
             of
             Maiz
             ,
             Pulse
             ,
             and
             a
             certain
             long
             Pease
             ,
             equivalent
             to
             those
             in
             proportion
             the
             Latines
             anciently
             called
             Phaseoli
             ,
             of
             which
             it
             contributes
             to
             the
             industry
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             a
             large
             Abundance
             ;
             and
             this
             plenty
             is
             much
             enhaunsed
             by
             the
             multiplicity
             of
             Rivers
             with
             which
             this
             Province
             is
             very
             well
             watered
             .
          
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             are
             generally
             of
             an
             eminent
             Stature
             ,
             which
             much
             exceeds
             that
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ;
             Warlike
             they
             are
             ,
             vigorous
             and
             Active
             ,
             and
             not
             reduced
             to
             the
             obedience
             of
             the
             Spaniard
             
             without
             the
             expence
             of
             much
             Blood
             and
             Treasure
             ,
             though
             their
             Furniture
             either
             for
             offensive
             or
             defensive
             War
             ,
             consisted
             in
             a
             narrow
             Inventory
             ,
             being
             only
             a
             massie
             Club
             ,
             a
             Bow
             and
             some
             poysoned
             Arrows
             .
             Those
             Garments
             which
             both
             Sexes
             attire
             themselves
             with
             ,
             are
             made
             out
             of
             Cotton-wooll
             ,
             of
             which
             this
             Province
             yeilds
             a
             plentiful
             increase
             ;
             The
             Hair
             of
             both
             Sexes
             is
             nourished
             a
             considerable
             length
             ,
             which
             the
             Men
             winde
             up
             in
             a
             knot
             ,
             but
             the
             Women
             permit
             to
             shoot
             out
             into
             a
             wide
             Diffusion
             .
             Both
             Sexes
             at
             the
             first
             approach
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             had
             nothing
             to
             veile
             their
             Nakednesse
             ,
             onely
             their
             Pudenda
             were
             obscured
             ,
             being
             both
             indigent
             and
             ignorant
             ,
             adoring
             the
             Sun
             ,
             and
             making
             their
             Diet
             out
             of
             Humane
             Butcheries
             .
          
           
             Couliacan
             is
             the
             second
             Province
             which
             exacts
             our
             Notice
             ;
             It
             enjoys
             a
             Soil
             plentiful
             of
             Fruits
             ,
             and
             yeilding
             to
             none
             in
             its
             production
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             provisions
             ;
             and
             not
             defective
             in
             Mines
             of
             Silver
             ,
             which
             owe
             their
             first
             Discovery
             to
             the
             Ingenuity
             of
             the
             Spaniard
             .
          
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             are
             not
             much
             different
             from
             the
             residue
             of
             Gallicia
             ,
             only
             the
             Beauty
             ,
             Personage
             ,
             and
             Dresse
             of
             the
             Women
             is
             more
             obliging
             ;
             yet
             the
             Men
             were
             not
             secure
             from
             sordid
             and
             unnatural
             uncleannesse
             .
             The
             Vesture
             which
             both
             Sexes
             were
             habited
             in
             at
             the
             first
             Discovery
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             was
             framed
             out
             of
             Cotton-wooll
             .
             Their
             Houses
             are
             neatly
             thatch'd
             with
             straw
             ,
             but
             the
             Lintells
             of
             the
             Dores
             are
             
             embellished
             with
             paintings
             full
             of
             impudence
             and
             impure
             obscenity
             .
             They
             are
             ignorant
             of
             Gold
             ,
             of
             which
             this
             Province
             is
             defective
             ,
             but
             the
             Spaniards
             having
             discovered
             some
             Silver
             Mines
             ,
             made
             them
             by
             a
             costly
             experience
             know
             the
             Value
             of
             that
             Metall
             ,
             compelling
             them
             both
             to
             Dig
             and
             Refine
             it
             ,
             that
             it
             might
             be
             more
             ministeriall
             to
             the
             ends
             of
             their
             Avarice
             and
             Luxury
             .
          
           
             Xalisco
             or
             Galesco
             is
             a
             third
             Province
             of
             account
             .
             It
             enjoyes
             a
             Soil
             very
             capable
             of
             the
             production
             of
             Maiz
             ,
             with
             which
             it
             plentifully
             rewards
             the
             Industry
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             onely
             the
             scorchings
             of
             the
             Sun
             have
             introduced
             a
             penury
             of
             Herbage
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             greatest
             defect
             ,
             onely
             the
             Northern
             parts
             styled
             Chiatnetla
             ,
             are
             endued
             with
             more
             fertility
             and
             people
             ,
             being
             enriched
             with
             store
             of
             Wax
             ,
             plenty
             of
             Honey
             ,
             and
             some
             Mines
             of
             Silver
             .
             The
             People
             were
             formerly
             embarqued
             in
             perpetual
             Feuds
             and
             mutual
             Contests
             amongst
             themselves
             ,
             and
             dieted
             themselves
             with
             Mans
             flesh
             ;
             which
             barbarous
             Customes
             ,
             their
             conversion
             to
             Christianity
             hath
             extinguished
             ,
             onely
             one
             of
             their
             Ancient
             Customes
             they
             yet
             adhere
             to
             ▪
             which
             is
             ,
             to
             sustain
             the
             smallest
             Burdens
             on
             their
             Shoulders
             ,
             and
             not
             carry
             them
             under
             their
             Arms
             ,
             as
             thinking
             the
             last
             indecent
             and
             mis-becoming
             .
          
           
             Guadalaira
             is
             a
             fourth
             Province
             which
             obliges
             our
             Discourse
             .
             The
             Character
             which
             we
             have
             in
             generall
             propotioned
             to
             the
             Natives
             of
             Nova
             
             Gallicia
             ,
             may
             be
             fitted
             and
             shaped
             in
             particular
             to
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             this
             Province
             .
             The
             Soil
             being
             moistned
             with
             the
             kind
             refreshments
             of
             the
             River
             Barania
             which
             cuts
             through
             the
             midst
             of
             it
             ,
             becomes
             fortunate
             in
             the
             production
             of
             Herbage
             ,
             Maiz
             ,
             Wheat
             ,
             and
             other
             Fruits
             which
             owe
             their
             first
             Extraction
             to
             Europe
             ;
             nor
             are
             they
             destitute
             of
             Silver
             Mines
             ,
             whose
             bowels
             here
             cast
             out
             their
             Treasure
             in
             some
             plenty
             .
          
           
             Zacatecas
             is
             a
             fifth
             Province
             ,
             circumscribed
             within
             the
             Pale
             of
             Gallicia
             ,
             whose
             Inhabitants
             whether
             by
             the
             conduct
             and
             Instinct
             of
             Nature
             ,
             or
             the
             impulse
             of
             external
             Force
             ,
             are
             more
             industrious
             than
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Gallician
             Natives
             .
             The
             Soil
             is
             in
             its
             entrails
             enriched
             with
             Silver
             Mines
             ,
             but
             its
             surface
             is
             naked
             and
             barren
             ,
             being
             destitute
             of
             Maiz
             ,
             Wheat
             ,
             Water
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             provisions
             which
             should
             contribute
             to
             the
             support
             of
             humane
             nature
             ,
             as
             if
             it
             were
             design'd
             to
             be
             the
             residence
             of
             some
             greedy
             Miser
             ,
             who
             delighted
             to
             glut
             his
             Eyes
             more
             than
             his
             Appetite
             .
             The
             Northern
             parts
             styled
             Uxitipa
             ,
             have
             nothing
             wanting
             which
             may
             give
             a
             supply
             either
             to
             necessity
             or
             pleasure
             ;
             and
             though
             they
             are
             defective
             in
             Silver
             ,
             yet
             are
             they
             plentifully
             stor'd
             with
             Corn
             and
             Fruit
             ,
             whilst
             their
             Woods
             are
             liberally
             replenished
             with
             Deer
             ,
             whose
             several
             Trees
             afford
             such
             entertainment
             to
             Quires
             of
             Birds
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             be
             deemed
             the
             constant
             Repository
             of
             those
             feathered
             Choristers
             .
          
           
             
               Nova
               Biscaia
            
             is
             a
             sixth
             Province
             which
             does
             
             summon
             us
             to
             a
             Description
             .
             The
             Bowels
             of
             the
             Earth
             are
             the
             Excheque●s
             from
             whence
             much
             Silver
             is
             extracted
             ;
             as
             for
             its
             Margin
             it
             is
             abundantly
             productive
             of
             all
             necessary
             provisions
             ,
             though
             much
             exposed
             in
             the
             Winter
             to
             the
             injurious
             inclemency
             of
             Frost
             and
             Snow
             ;
             no●
             are
             they
             likewise
             defective
             in
             Mines
             of
             Lead
             ,
             which
             fitly
             contributes
             to
             the
             melting
             and
             Refining
             their
             Silver
             ,
             not
             onely
             here
             ,
             but
             in
             
               New
               Spain
            
             and
             Peru
             also
             .
             The
             Inhabitants
             are
             generally
             of
             a
             Vigorous
             Constitution
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             Resolute
             and
             active
             Spirit
             ,
             not
             bowing
             their
             necks
             to
             the
             Yoke
             of
             Conquest
             upon
             the
             first
             Impression
             ,
             being
             rather
             reduced
             by
             the
             calmnesse
             of
             perswasion
             ,
             then
             subdued
             by
             the
             rougher
             Attempts
             of
             violence
             and
             Force
             .
          
           
             
               Nova
               Mexicana
            
             is
             the
             seventh
             Province
             which
             calls
             for
             our
             Notice
             ;
             But
             those
             Relations
             which
             have
             an
             Aspect
             on
             this
             Territory
             ,
             are
             disordered
             with
             so
             much
             Fiction
             and
             Improbab●lity
             ,
             that
             ,
             that
             Beam
             of
             Truth
             which
             should
             direct
             us
             to
             a
             just
             and
             regular
             Description
             of
             it
             ,
             is
             mu●●led
             up
             in
             the
             darknesse
             of
             incertain
             and
             imperfect
             Informations
             ,
             so
             that
             untill
             clearer
             Discoveries
             do
             dissipate
             that
             Cloud
             which
             invelopes
             this
             Province
             ,
             I
             shall
             deliver
             nothing
             for
             positive
             or
             certain
             ,
             either
             in
             relation
             to
             the
             Natives
             ,
             or
             the
             Commodities
             emergent
             from
             the
             Soil
             .
          
           
             Cinaloa
             and
             Guadalaria
             in
             
               Nova
               Gallicia
            
             ,
             were
             first
             Discovered
             and
             entered
             into
             by
             
               Non●●●
               de
               Gu●man
            
             ,
             1542.
             whose
             Conquest
             was
             
             accomplished
             and
             completed
             by
             
               Francisco
               Tharra
            
             about
             the
             Year
             1554.
             
          
           
             Couliacan
             was
             reduced
             to
             submit
             to
             the
             Scepter
             of
             Spain
             ,
             by
             the
             auspicious
             Conduct
             of
             
               Nonnez
               de
               Guzman
            
             about
             the
             Year
             1531.
             
          
           
             Xalisco
             or
             Galesco
             was
             forced
             to
             resigne
             it self
             to
             the
             Spanish
             Obedience
             ,
             by
             the
             Armes
             of
             
               Nonnez
               de
               Guzman
            
             1530.
             but
             its
             Conquest
             received
             its
             perfection
             from
             the
             Successes
             of
             
               Francis
               Tharra
            
             ,
             about
             the
             Year
             1554.
             
          
           
             Uxitipa
             was
             made
             to
             encrease
             the
             Register
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Acquists
             in
             America
             ,
             by
             the
             fortunate
             Sword
             of
             
               Lopez
               de
               Mendoza
            
             ,
             employed
             in
             this
             Design
             by
             
               Nonnez
               de
               Guzman
            
             about
             the
             Year
             1529.
             
          
           
             Zocotecas
             and
             
               Nova
               Biscaia
            
             ,
             were
             made
             to
             stoop
             to
             the
             Diadem
             of
             Spain
             ,
             by
             the
             happy
             Conduct
             of
             
               Francisco
               Tharra
            
             ,
             in
             the
             Year
             1554
          
           
             
               Nova
               Mexicana
            
             was
             first
             offered
             up
             to
             the
             Discovery
             of
             
               Augustine
               Royaz
            
             a
             Frier
             ,
             in
             the
             Year
             1580.
             
             But
             its
             Conquest
             was
             afterwards
             attempted
             by
             
               Antonio
               Espeio
            
             a
             Citizen
             of
             Mexico
             ;
             but
             his
             Designs
             being
             by
             their
             own
             Disorder
             rendred
             lame
             and
             imperfect
             ,
             its
             final
             Reduction
             ,
             as
             to
             that
             part
             which
             is
             now
             folded
             up
             in
             the
             Spanish
             Patrimony
             ,
             acknowledges
             the
             happy
             Valour
             of
             
               John
               de
               Onnate
            
             to
             be
             solely
             Instrumental
             in
             it
             ,
             who
             in
             the
             year
             1599
             ,
             by
             the
             vigorous
             Assistance
             of
             Five
             thousand
             men
             link'd
             it
             to
             the
             Demeasn
             of
             his
             Master
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
           
             Califormia
             circumscribes
             all
             those
             Provinces
             of
             Mexicana
             ,
             which
             lie
             on
             the
             West-side
             of
             that
             Northern
             Peninsula
             which
             is
             seated
             beyond
             Gallicia
             and
             
               New
               Spain
            
             ,
             though
             in
             the
             stricter
             acceptation
             of
             its
             Chorography
             ,
             it
             is
             confined
             to
             that
             Province
             which
             is
             placed
             on
             the
             other
             side
             of
             a
             long
             and
             spacious
             ●ulf
             styled
             M●rvirmigl●o
             or
             the
             Pay
             ,
             and
             Califormia
             ,
             and
             limited
             to
             an
             Island
             (
             so
             generally
             conceived
             to
             be
             )
             extended
             in
             a
             full
             length
             from
             North
             to
             South
             thereof
             .
             The
             Continent
             is
             distinguished
             into
             the
             two
             Provinces
             of
             Cibola
             and
             Quivira
             ,
             and
             the
             Island
             is
             sub-divided
             into
             Califormia
             ,
             properly
             so
             called
             ,
             and
             
               Nova
               Albion
            
             .
          
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             generally
             of
             these
             Provinces
             make
             their
             Food
             out
             of
             the
             flesh
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             which
             they
             feed
             on
             raw
             ,
             and
             swallow
             down
             in
             great
             morsels
             without
             chewing
             ;
             The
             Men
             from
             head
             to
             feet
             are
             attired
             in
             Bulls
             skins
             ,
             but
             the
             Women
             have
             no
             other
             Garment
             to
             secure
             them
             from
             the
             Cold
             (
             which
             here
             is
             keen
             and
             eager
             )
             but
             their
             Hair
             ,
             which
             they
             nourish
             to
             that
             extent
             ,
             that
             like
             a
             Veile
             it
             rescues
             their
             Nakednesse
             from
             the
             publique
             view
             .
             Their
             Habitations
             are
             volatile
             and
             unsetled
             ,
             wandering
             in
             Companies
             ,
             and
             living
             in
             Hoords
             like
             the
             ancient
             Nomades
             ,
             and
             the
             present
             
               Cathay
               Tartars
            
             ,
             from
             whom
             they
             are
             removed
             by
             no
             great
             distance
             ,
             and
             by
             whom
             ,
             some
             probable
             Conjectures
             assert
             ,
             they
             were
             at
             first
             peopled
             .
             The
             Inhabitants
             of
             Cibola
             are
             well
             propotioned
             and
             
             rall
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             more
             pregnant
             Ingenuity
             than
             other
             Salvages
             of
             Califor●ia
             ,
             securing
             their
             Nakednesse
             with
             Mantles
             wrought
             in
             variety
             of
             Colours
             ,
             which
             with
             those
             painted
             skins
             ,
             they
             with
             much
             industry
             import
             from
             ●icuique
             or
             some
             Northern
             Country
             ,
             and
             that
             quantity
             of
             Cotton
             they
             have
             amongst
             them
             (
             none
             of
             it
             growing
             upon
             their
             Soil
             )
             are
             demonstrations
             of
             their
             Ingenuity
             ,
             in
             managing
             a
             course
             of
             Traffick
             with
             their
             neighbours
             .
          
           
             The
             Natives
             of
             Califor●ia
             are
             numerous
             and
             of
             Thick
             proportion
             ,
             resolv'd
             (
             as
             some
             Reports
             testifie
             )
             into
             Twenty
             three
             several
             Nations
             ,
             all
             of
             different
             Languages
             and
             Dresses
             ,
             inhabiting
             the
             Banks
             of
             
               Bona
               Gui●
            
             .
             Some
             stain
             their
             Faces
             wholly
             with
             paint
             ,
             and
             some
             half
             way
             ,
             and
             others
             supply
             the
             use
             of
             Painting
             with
             Vizors
             ;
             they
             bore
             Holes
             in
             their
             No●thrills
             and
             Ears
             for
             their
             Pendants
             ,
             the
             tips
             of
             which
             last
             ,
             they
             even
             over-load
             with
             the
             pendulous
             Bones
             of
             Fishes
             ;
             each
             of
             their
             Wasts
             are
             surrounded
             with
             a
             Girdle
             ,
             to
             which
             they
             fasten
             a
             bunch
             of
             Feathers
             which
             hangs
             down
             behind
             them
             like
             some
             excrescence
             ,
             which
             the
             Women
             use
             also
             ,
             but
             upon
             them
             they
             are
             visible
             before
             .
             The
             Diety
             to
             which
             these
             Califor●ians
             offer
             up
             their
             Devotions
             ,
             is
             the
             Sun
             ;
             and
             the
             god
             to
             which
             the
             Natives
             of
             Cibola
             consecrate
             theirs
             ,
             is
             the
             W●ter
             ;
             both
             which
             are
             by
             these
             Salvages
             affectionately
             adored
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             the
             Causes
             to
             which
             they
             entitle
             the
             Increase
             
             of
             the
             Earth
             multiplied
             into
             Corn
             ,
             Fruit
             ,
             and
             Herbage
             .
          
           
             The
             Soil
             of
             Quivira
             is
             plain
             ,
             level
             and
             full
             of
             Herbage
             ,
             giving
             nourishment
             to
             Cattel
             ,
             differing
             not
             much
             in
             bulk
             and
             dimension
             from
             those
             of
             Europe
             ,
             only
             that
             there
             is
             a
             gibbous
             Excrescence
             or
             Bunch
             placed
             between
             their
             shoulders
             ,
             they
             are
             Bristled
             upon
             the
             back
             like
             Bores
             ,
             with
             somewhat
             which
             resembles
             the
             Mane
             in
             Horses
             ,
             and
             the
             Beard
             in
             Goats
             ;
             their
             Legs
             are
             short
             ,
             but
             attired
             with
             something
             proportioned
             in
             similitude
             to
             Fetlocks
             ,
             their
             Horns
             are
             sharp
             but
             short
             ;
             the
             whole
             Beast
             is
             of
             an
             Aspect
             so
             full
             of
             Terrour
             ,
             that
             no
             Horse
             upon
             the
             first
             Accesse
             or
             Intercourse
             will
             approach
             him
             .
             The
             Hides
             of
             these
             yeild
             the
             Natives
             either
             Houses
             ,
             or
             the
             Covering
             of
             them
             ;
             their
             Bones
             are
             composed
             into
             Bodkins
             ,
             their
             Hair
             into
             Thread
             ,
             their
             Sinews
             into
             Ropes
             ,
             their
             Horns
             ,
             Maw●
             and
             Bladders
             ,
             are
             framed
             into
             Vessels
             ;
             their
             Dung
             supplies
             Pi●e
             ,
             their
             Skins
             are
             shaped
             into
             Bougets
             to
             preserve
             Water
             ,
             their
             Blood
             affords
             Drink
             ,
             and
             their
             Flesh
             Meat
             .
          
           
             The
             Soil
             of
             Cibola
             is
             generally
             level
             ,
             but
             in
             some
             parts
             made
             rugged
             with
             Rocky
             Mountains
             .
             It
             is
             shadowed
             but
             with
             few
             Trees
             ,
             and
             those
             destitute
             of
             Fruit
             ;
             but
             to
             recompense
             this
             ,
             they
             have
             a
             Wood
             like
             Cedar
             ,
             which
             abundantly
             supplies
             them
             with
             fuel
             and
             Timber
             .
             Here
             is
             a
             plentiful
             stock
             of
             Maiz
             and
             white
             Pease
             ,
             which
             gives
             them
             a
             supply
             of
             Bread.
             Here
             are
             numerous
             
             Herds
             of
             Deer
             ,
             which
             they
             chase
             and
             destroy
             for
             their
             Skins
             .
             And
             a
             considerable
             production
             of
             Sheep
             ,
             known
             to
             be
             so
             onely
             by
             the
             Analogy
             of
             their
             Fleece
             ,
             being
             in
             Bulk
             and
             Dimension
             equivalent
             to
             an
             Horse
             ,
             or
             Oxe
             ,
             and
             having
             Horns
             that
             poyse
             in
             Ballance
             the
             Weight
             of
             Fifty
             pounds
             .
          
           
             But
             though
             Cibola
             enjoy
             but
             a
             narrow
             stock
             of
             those
             Creatures
             which
             are
             of
             profitable
             entercourse
             ,
             yet
             of
             Bears
             ,
             Tygers
             ,
             and
             other
             noxious
             Animals
             ,
             there
             is
             an
             unprofitable
             Redundance
             .
          
           
             The
             Island
             of
             Califormia
             ,
             properly
             so
             called
             ,
             is
             indifferently
             even
             ,
             only
             here
             and
             there
             the
             Champaigne
             swells
             with
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             those
             from
             their
             Sulpherous
             Entrails
             vomit
             out
             Flame
             ,
             which
             hath
             caused
             the
             Spaniards
             to
             impose
             the
             Title
             of
             Cacofogo
             upon
             them
             ;
             the
             Waves
             which
             wash
             the
             Shore
             of
             this
             Island
             ,
             afford
             the
             Natives
             plenty
             of
             Fish
             ,
             which
             are
             found
             upon
             weeds
             amassed
             into
             Heaps
             ,
             and
             which
             like
             so
             many
             floating
             Islands
             invest
             the
             Surface
             of
             the
             Sea.
             But
             the
             only
             Rarity
             which
             ennobles
             this
             Country
             ,
             is
             a
             Beast
             which
             is
             Hairy
             like
             a
             Goat
             ,
             but
             hath
             Teats
             like
             a
             Cow.
             The
             Air
             both
             of
             Cibola
             and
             Califormia
             ,
             is
             of
             an
             Indifferent
             Temper
             ,
             onely
             it
             is
             sometimes
             discomposed
             with
             the
             unkind
             Distributions
             of
             Frost
             and
             Snow
             .
          
           
             Cibola
             and
             Quivira
             were
             Discovered
             by
             the
             diligence
             of
             
               Antonio
               Mendoza
            
             ,
             who
             employed
             
             
               Marco
               de
               Nisa
            
             a
             Frier
             ,
             to
             perfect
             the
             Discovery
             ;
             but
             the
             more
             absolute
             and
             accomplished
             Conquest
             was
             reserved
             to
             the
             Valour
             and
             Conduct
             of
             
               Francisco
               Vasques
               de
               Coronado
            
             ,
             about
             the
             Year
             1540.
             
             Califormia
             was
             Discovered
             at
             the
             expence
             of
             
               Ferdinand
               Cortez
            
             ,
             who
             set
             out
             two
             ships
             1534.
             but
             the
             Design
             languishing
             away
             ,
             it
             was
             renewed
             and
             reinforced
             by
             
               Francisco
               de
               Ulloa
            
             1539.
             
             After
             him
             ,
             
               Fernando
               de
               Alarcon
            
             ,
             Discovered
             many
             Leagues
             up
             the
             River
             
               Bu●na
               Guia
            
             ,
             where
             Naguacatus
             one
             of
             the
             Cheifs
             ,
             surrendred
             himself
             to
             obedience
             .
             Finally
             ,
             
               Roderigo
               Cabrillo
            
             1642.
             by
             a
             new
             Discovery
             attaqued
             two
             small
             Islands
             called
             
               S.
               Lukes
            
             ,
             and
             Possession
             ,
             on
             the
             Western
             Shore
             .
             But
             these
             Countries
             affording
             no
             Gold
             or
             other
             Attractives
             which
             might
             charm
             the
             Spaniards
             to
             an
             abode
             ,
             they
             abandoned
             them
             to
             that
             poverty
             the
             Inclemency
             of
             the
             Air
             ,
             and
             thriftinesse
             of
             the
             Soile
             ,
             had
             long
             before
             Condemned
             them
             to
             .
          
           
             Florida
             is
             circumscribed
             on
             the
             North-East
             with
             Virginia
             ,
             on
             the
             East
             with
             
               Mare
               del
               No●rt
            
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             and
             some
             part
             of
             the
             West
             with
             the
             Gulf
             of
             Mexico
             ,
             on
             the
             residue
             of
             the
             West
             with
             part
             of
             
               New
               Gallicia
            
             ,
             and
             some
             Countryes
             not
             yet
             expofed
             to
             a
             full
             Discovery
             .
          
           
             The
             Country
             is
             parallel
             to
             Castile
             in
             Spain
             ,
             which
             renders
             the
             Air
             and
             Soil
             to
             be
             almost
             adequate
             to
             that
             in
             their
             Temper
             &
             Constitution
             ,
             but
             the
             last
             infinitely
             out-vies
             Castile
             in
             its
             Fertility
             
             and
             plenty
             ,
             the
             earth
             being
             not
             here
             so
             harrassed
             with
             the
             Impressions
             o●
             continual
             Tillage
             as
             in
             the
             other
             .
             Productive
             it
             is
             of
             abundance
             of
             Maiz
             the
             natural
             Bread
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             which
             they
             sowe
             both
             in
             March
             and
             June
             ,
             which
             the
             third
             Month
             after
             repayes
             the
             Plow-man's
             toyle
             with
             a
             plentiful
             Crop
             ,
             which
             they
             deposite
             in
             publique
             Granaries
             ,
             and
             employ
             as
             the
             necessities
             of
             persons
             exact
             its
             Destribution
             .
             Not
             is
             it
             defective
             in
             Fruit
             ,
             which
             here
             are
             Registered
             under
             the
             particular
             names
             of
             Mulberries
             ,
             Cherryes
             ,
             Chesnuts
             ,
             Grapes
             ,
             and
             Plums
             ,
             of
             excellent
             tast
             and
             colour
             .
             It
             is
             likewise
             eminent
             for
             its
             store
             of
             Fowle
             ,
             and
             its
             Herds
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             both
             wilde
             and
             tame
             .
             The
             Woods
             and
             Forrests
             are
             shadowed
             with
             spreading
             Okes
             and
             very
             tall
             Cedars
             ;
             as
             likewise
             Cypress●
             and
             Bay-trees
             of
             a
             large
             Dime●sion
             .
             Nor
             is
             their
             plenty
             inconfiderable
             ,
             which
             they
             yeild
             of
             that
             Wood
             the
             Natives
             style
             P●v●●e
             ,
             and
             th●
             French
             Sassafras
             ;
             and
             of
             the
             Tree
             named
             Esqui●e
             ,
             the
             Bark
             of
             the
             first
             ,
             and
             the
             Wood
             of
             the
             last
             ,
             are
             both
             asserted
             to
             be
             soveraign
             against
             the
             incursions
             of
             the
             Malady
             of
             France
             .
             It
             is
             affirmed
             also
             ,
             that
             the
             Entrails
             of
             the
             Florida●
             Earth
             are
             enriched
             with
             some
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             and
             studded
             with
             Turquoises
             ,
             Pearls
             ,
             and
             Emeralds
             of
             much
             estimate
             and
             beauty
             ,
             and
             the
             probability
             of
             the
             first
             is
             supported
             and
             inforced
             by
             the
             relations
             of
             the
             Natives
             ,
             who
             report
             that
             in
             the
             Hills
             called
             Apalatei
             ,
             there
             
             are
             discovered
             Veins
             of
             a
             reddish
             Metal
             ,
             which
             the
             French
             concluded
             to
             be
             Gold
             ,
             but
             wanted
             Time
             and
             Opportunity
             to
             improve
             their
             search
             .
          
           
             The
             People
             are
             of
             an
             Olive
             Colour
             ,
             large
             Stature
             ,
             and
             cast
             into
             a
             fair
             proportion
             ,
             naked
             ,
             only
             their
             privities
             excepted
             ,
             which
             they
             obscure
             with
             the
             skins
             of
             Stags
             .
             Their
             Arms
             and
             Knees
             are
             stained
             with
             variety
             of
             Paintings
             ,
             not
             to
             be
             forced
             off
             with
             frequent
             Ablution
             .
             Their
             Hair
             is
             by
             Complexion
             Black
             ,
             which
             they
             nourish
             to
             that
             extent
             and
             length
             ,
             that
             it
             diffuses
             and
             shoots
             it self
             even
             to
             their
             thighs
             .
             Apt
             they
             are
             to
             wrap
             up
             their
             Actions
             in
             an
             affected
             veil
             of
             Dissimulation
             ,
             whose
             Contexture
             is
             made
             more
             specious
             by
             an
             Artificial
             cunning
             .
             They
             are
             naturally
             revengeful
             ,
             which
             engages
             them
             in
             continual
             Feuds
             and
             Animosities
             ,
             whose
             effects
             are
             visible
             by
             those
             bloody
             Contests
             frequently
             commenced
             amongst
             themselves
             .
             Generally
             they
             are
             subtle
             and
             Ingenious
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             Capacity
             to
             be
             reduced
             to
             a
             tamer
             subserviency
             ,
             by
             compliance
             and
             nobler
             Usages
             ;
             but
             then
             they
             are
             like
             Tigers
             ,
             who
             when
             they
             appear
             reclaimed
             by
             the
             intercourse
             and
             calmnesse
             of
             civil
             Correspondencies
             ,
             yet
             upon
             the
             first
             draught
             of
             Blood
             they
             are
             apt
             to
             leap
             into
             their
             former
             Crueltie
             ,
             and
             devoure
             those
             Hands
             who
             gave
             them
             Food
             and
             Discipline
             .
          
           
             The
             Women
             upon
             their
             Husbands
             Decease
             (
             as
             a
             symptome
             of
             Sorrow
             )
             cut
             their
             Hair
             close
             to
             their
             Ears
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             to
             make
             their
             Grief
             
             appear
             more
             signall
             and
             solemn
             ,
             strew
             it
             on
             their
             Husban●s
             Sepu●chres
             ;
             nor
             are
             they
             permitted
             again
             to
             entertain
             a
             second
             Marriage
             ,
             until
             their
             Hair
             be
             improved
             to
             that
             growth
             as
             to
             cove●
             their
             shoulder
             .
             Hermaphrodites
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             persons
             of
             a
             twisted
             or
             complicated
             Sex
             ,
             Nature
             hath
             here
             yeilde
             plenty
             ,
             who
             onely
             are
             designed
             to
             the
             sustaining
             of
             Luggage
             ,
             and
             the
             being
             ministerial
             to
             the
             cheaper
             and
             more
             ignoble
             works
             of
             Drudgery
             .
             Some
             imperfect
             Notions
             o●
             Conceptions
             the
             Natives
             have
             of
             the
             Immortality
             of
             the
             Soul
             ,
             but
             otherwise
             their
             knowledge
             ,
             in
             relation
             to
             a
             Deity
             ,
             is
             so
             gloomy
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             enwrapped
             and
             muffled
             up
             in
             a
             grosse
             and
             dark
             Idolatry
             .
          
           
             This
             Continent
             ,
             as
             to
             those
             parts
             of
             it
             which
             border
             on
             the
             Sea
             ,
             hath
             in
             Times
             of
             a
             more
             modern
             Inscription
             been
             the
             Stage
             whereon
             the
             Scene
             hath
             been
             laid
             that
             hath
             represented
             to
             our
             view
             those
             sad
             Contentions
             which
             have
             been
             waged
             between
             the
             French
             and
             Spaniard
             ,
             concerning
             the
             Dominion
             of
             this
             Province
             ,
             which
             drew
             so
             much
             blood
             ,
             that
             the
             purple
             effusion
             bedewed
             almost
             every
             Turfe
             on
             which
             those
             fatal
             Tragedies
             were
             acted
             ;
             but
             the
             French
             being
             at
             last
             utterly
             supplanted
             ,
             and
             thei●
             Forts
             which
             they
             erected
             here
             ,
             namely
             
               Arx
               Carolina
               ,
               Fort
               Chastilion
            
             and
             others
             ,
             were
             dismantled
             or
             diserted
             .
             But
             in
             these
             Contests
             the
             Spanish
             strength
             was
             so
             much
             broken
             and
             impair'd
             ,
             and
             its
             noblest
             Spirits
             evapourated
             
             at
             those
             Wounds
             the
             French
             Sword
             had
             inflicted
             ,
             that
             wanting
             Recruits
             to
             manage
             their
             Conquests
             ,
             they
             abandoned
             their
             new
             Acquists
             and
             retired
             to
             
               St.
               Jago
               ,
               St.
               Matthew
            
             ,
             and
             
               St.
               Augustines
            
             ,
             the
             onely
             places
             they
             preserved
             in
             Florida
             ,
             where
             they
             Planted
             and
             Fortified
             ,
             but
             not
             long
             after
             the
             Fate
             of
             War
             cast
             the
             new
             Colony
             of
             
               St.
               Augustines
            
             under
             some
             umbrage
             ,
             for
             in
             the
             Year
             1585.
             
             Sir
             
               Francis
               Drake
            
             having
             by
             a
             vigorous
             Assault
             mastered
             the
             Fort
             of
             
               St.
               Johns
            
             which
             had
             a
             powerful
             Aspect
             upon
             the
             Town
             ,
             he
             reduced
             this
             likewise
             ,
             and
             enriched
             himself
             and
             his
             Partisans
             with
             a
             Booty
             of
             Twenty
             thousand
             Florens
             ;
             but
             though
             this
             new
             Plantation
             was
             almost
             sunk
             by
             these
             Disasters
             ,
             yet
             not
             long
             after
             ,
             it
             buoyed
             up
             out
             of
             these
             Ruines
             ,
             and
             being
             reinforced
             with
             a
             Supplement
             of
             additional
             Fortifications
             ,
             this
             with
             
               St.
               Jago
               ,
               St.
               Philip
            
             ,
             and
             
               St
               Matthew
            
             ,
             have
             been
             ever
             since
             so
             firmly
             twisted
             with
             the
             Spanish
             Interest
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             at
             this
             Instant
             under
             the
             Dominion
             and
             Seignory
             of
             that
             Crown
             and
             Scepter
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             who
             engaged
             himself
             in
             the
             Discovery
             of
             Florida
             ,
             was
             
               John
               P●nce
            
             of
             Leon
             ,
             who
             sailed
             thither
             about
             the
             Year
             1512.
             but
             his
             Survey
             being
             left
             imperfect
             ,
             it
             was
             attempted
             to
             be
             reduced
             to
             perfection
             by
             the
             Diligence
             of
             
               Vasques
               de
               Aillon
            
             ,
             who
             made
             an
             Invasion
             on
             Florida
             in
             the
             Year
             1524.
             but
             such
             a
             complication
             of
             crosse
             Accidents
             encountered
             his
             Endevours
             
             that
             they
             were
             rendred
             unsuccessful
             .
             To
             repair
             the
             Dishonour
             of
             this
             Expedition
             ,
             
               Pamphilu●
               de
               N●rva●z
            
             makes
             an
             Eruption
             on
             Florida
             ,
             about
             the
             Year
             1528.
             being
             seconded
             with
             a
             strength
             of
             Four
             hundred
             Foot
             and
             Eighty
             Horse
             .
             And
             lastly
             ,
             
               Hernandes
               à
               Soto
            
             ,
             embarques
             in
             this
             Expedition
             ,
             and
             did
             endevour
             with
             a
             Supply
             of
             Three
             hundred
             and
             fifty
             Horse
             ,
             and
             Ninety
             Foot
             ,
             to
             accomplish
             the
             Conquest
             of
             Florida
             ,
             that
             by
             the
             addition
             of
             this
             Province
             he
             might
             enhance
             both
             the
             Lustre
             and
             Patrimony
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Diadem
             ,
             and
             pursued
             and
             managed
             this
             Enterprise
             with
             a
             various
             Successe
             and
             Conduct
             from
             the
             Year
             1538
             ,
             to
             the
             Year
             1543.
             
             But
             it
             is
             disputable
             whether
             the
             Storm
             with
             Reason
             ,
             or
             the
             Storm
             without
             ,
             was
             more
             Destructive
             and
             prejudicial
             to
             the
             double
             Expedition
             of
             these
             two
             last
             Undertakers
             :
             For
             Diseases
             ,
             Tempests
             and
             Shipwracks
             ,
             combining
             with
             the
             Treacherous
             Ambushes
             of
             the
             Natives
             ,
             so
             disordered
             their
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             discomposed
             the
             Contexture
             of
             the
             whole
             Design
             ,
             that
             the
             Spaniards
             ever
             since
             ,
             have
             abandoned
             any
             Attempt
             which
             had
             any
             tendency
             to
             the
             Reduction
             of
             this
             Province
             to
             the
             Spanish
             Scepter
             ;
             since
             the
             Enterprizes
             of
             those
             Commanders
             before
             named
             ,
             which
             seemed
             at
             first
             to
             sprout
             out
             with
             such
             specious
             Hope
             ,
             were
             at
             Last
             so
             infortunately
             Blasted
             ,
             onely
             they
             preserved
             
               St.
               Augustines
            
             and
             the
             other
             Colonies
             above
             recited
             ,
             to
             remain
             as
             In-lets
             ,
             to
             open
             for
             the
             future
             both
             an
             Opportunity
             and
             
             Passage
             to
             any
             new
             Invasion
             which
             might
             fortifie
             and
             confirm
             the
             Spanish
             Interest
             in
             this
             Province
             of
             Florida
             .
          
           
             Having
             taken
             a
             full
             prospect
             of
             those
             Additions
             of
             Empire
             the
             Spaniard
             is
             now
             possest
             of
             in
             America
             ,
             I
             shall
             now
             hoist
             sail
             ,
             and
             make
             my
             Application
             to
             the
             East-Indies
             ,
             and
             view
             what
             new
             Accessions
             have
             made
             an
             Improvement
             both
             of
             Revenue
             and
             Power
             of
             that
             Estate
             which
             relates
             to
             the
             Spanish
             Dominion
             in
             these
             Territories
             :
             And
             first
             the
             Malacca
             Islands
             do
             call
             for
             our
             Consideration
             :
             They
             are
             Seven
             in
             number
             ,
             
               Ternata
               ,
               Tidor
               ,
               Macir
               ,
               Bacha
               ,
               Machian
               ,
               Botona
            
             and
             Siana
             ;
             the
             first
             Discovery
             entitles
             itself
             to
             
               Americus
               Vesputius
            
             ,
             whose
             first
             Attempts
             were
             perfected
             by
             the
             Endevours
             and
             successful
             Navigation
             of
             
               Ferdinand
               Mag●llan
            
             ,
             encouraged
             to
             embarque
             himself
             in
             this
             Expedition
             ,
             by
             the
             expence
             and
             at
             the
             Command
             of
             Charles
             the
             Fifth
             ,
             about
             the
             Year
             1519.
             
             But
             though
             the
             Title
             of
             these
             Islands
             might
             seem
             at
             first
             so
             firmely
             engrasfed
             upon
             the
             Spanish
             Scepter
             ,
             that
             no
             external
             Force
             could
             almost
             ravish
             it
             away
             ;
             yet
             have
             the
             Hollanders
             by
             some
             modern
             Successes
             ,
             so
             shaken
             the
             Spanish
             Interests
             in
             these
             their
             new
             Acquists
             ,
             that
             a
             considerable
             part
             of
             these
             Islands
             is
             pluck'd
             away
             ,
             and
             annexed
             to
             the
             Patrimony
             of
             the
             
               United
               Provinces
            
             .
          
           
             Next
             the
             Philippina
             Islands
             oblige
             us
             to
             a
             Discourse
             ;
             If
             you
             consult
             the
             Original
             Register
             ,
             
             upon
             the
             Account
             you
             will
             find
             but
             four
             in
             the
             Catalogue
             ,
             namely
             ,
             1
             Luzon
             .
             2
             Mindanao
             .
             3
             Tandair
             .
             4
             Pall●han
             .
             They
             were
             discovered
             originally
             by
             Lagaspi
             a
             Spanish
             Captain
             ,
             by
             the
             Concurrence
             ,
             Procurement
             ,
             and
             Assistance
             of
             
               Lewis
               de
               Velasco
            
             Vice-Roy
             of
             New-Spain
             ,
             in
             the
             Year
             1564.
             and
             in
             memory
             of
             Philip
             the
             Second
             (
             in
             whose
             Raign
             they
             were
             Discovered
             )
             they
             were
             called
             Philippinae
             .
             But
             since
             these
             Islands
             were
             knit
             to
             the
             Spanish
             Demeasn
             ,
             the
             Hollanders
             by
             the
             Assistance
             of
             Fleets
             ,
             and
             support
             of
             Armies
             ,
             have
             endevoured
             to
             ravish
             away
             these
             Islands
             from
             the
             Patrimony
             of
             Spain
             ,
             to
             incorporate
             them
             into
             their
             own
             ;
             but
             yet
             maugre
             these
             attempts
             ,
             the
             title
             of
             them
             hath
             been
             so
             firmly
             inoculated
             upon
             the
             Spanish
             Scepter
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             still
             subservient
             to
             the
             Seignorie
             and
             Command
             of
             Philip
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             the
             instant
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           SECOND
           PART
           .
        
         
           
             The
             Spanish
             Interest
             in
             
               BURGUNDY
               ,
               BELGIUM
            
             ,
             or
             the
             NETHERLANDS
             .
          
           
             
               The
               French
               County
               and
               
                 Dutchy
                 OF
              
               BURGUNDY
               .
            
             
               THE
               French
               County
               ,
               or
               County
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               is
               involv'd
               and
               couch'd
               in
               the
               Patrimony
               of
               the
               House
               of
               Austria
               ,
               and
               is
               thus
               circumscrib'd
               ;
               it
               hath
               on
               the
               East
               the
               Mountain
               of
               Jo●r
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               the
               Dutchy
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               a
               Branch
               of
               the
               Mountain
               Vange
               ,
               on
               the
               South
               
                 la
                 Bresse
              
               .
               It
               is
               by
               estimate
               90
               miles
               in
               length
               ,
               and
               about
               60
               
               in
               Breadth
               .
               The
               ancient
               Inhabitants
               of
               this
               County
               ,
               were
               the
               Sequani
               ,
               whose
               power
               was
               of
               that
               Latitude
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               once
               put
               into
               the
               Ballance
               ,
               when
               the
               Contest
               was
               between
               them
               and
               the
               Hedui
               and
               Arverni
               ,
               for
               the
               Soveraignty
               of
               Gaul
               ,
               until
               this
               emulous
               Contention
               was
               superceeded
               by
               the
               Roman
               Conquest
               ,
               under
               whose
               Government
               it
               made
               up
               ,
               together
               with
               Switzerland
               ,
               the
               Province
               of
               
                 Maxima
                 Sequanorum
              
               .
               In
               the
               Wane
               of
               whose
               Empire
               ,
               it
               grew
               a
               Limb
               of
               the
               Burgundian
               Kingdom
               ,
               the
               first
               of
               whose
               Monarchs
               who
               conducted
               the
               Burgundians
               into
               Gaul
               was
               Tibica
               ,
               whose
               Successor
               Gundomar
               Son
               of
               Sigismund
               was
               in
               a
               Successeful
               War
               dislodg'd
               ,
               and
               cast
               out
               from
               his
               Kingdome
               by
               Childebert
               and
               Clotaire
               Kings
               of
               Paris
               and
               Soisson
               ,
               in
               Revenge
               of
               their
               Brother
               Clodomire
               ,
               who
               fell
               by
               the
               Sword
               of
               this
               Sigismund
               .
               And
               thus
               was
               Burgundy
               annexed
               to
               the
               Demeasne
               of
               the
               French
               ,
               after
               it
               had
               continued
               about
               an
               Hundred
               and
               twenty
               years
               entire
               ,
               without
               any
               subserviency
               ;
               Guntram
               the
               Son
               of
               Clotaire
               ,
               and
               Clovis
               one
               of
               the
               Sons
               of
               Dagobert
               the
               First
               ,
               bring
               both
               in
               their
               respective
               times
               ennobled
               with
               the
               Burgundian
               Diadem
               .
               But
               the
               subsequent
               Succession
               of
               the
               Kings
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               was
               emergent
               from
               the
               partage
               of
               the
               Patrimony
               and
               Empire
               of
               Cherlemaigne
               ,
               amongst
               the
               Children
               of
               
                 Lodovicus
                 Pius
              
               the
               first
               ,
               of
               which
               Monarchs
               which
               weilded
               the
               Burgundian
               scepter
               ,
               was
               Charles
               younger
               Son
               of
               Lotharius
               the
               Emperour
               ,
               
               in
               which
               Lotharius
               likewise
               ,
               the
               Title
               to
               this
               Crown
               ,
               as
               being
               Son
               to
               Lewis
               the
               Godly
               ,
               was
               tacitly
               lodged
               ;
               but
               he
               dying
               without
               Issue
               ,
               it
               devolved
               to
               his
               Brother
               Lotharius
               ,
               who
               likewise
               determined
               without
               Children
               ;
               and
               ●o
               a
               second
               Vicissitude
               brought
               it
               to
               confesse
               the
               Scepter
               of
               their
               Uncle
               Charles
               the
               Bald
               ,
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               and
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               ,
               who
               conferred
               the
               Seignory
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               Earl
               ,
               on
               Boson
               Earl
               of
               Ardenne
               ,
               who
               had
               Matched
               with
               his
               Sister
               Judith
               ;
               which
               Boson
               was
               advanced
               not
               long
               after
               ,
               by
               Charles
               the
               Grosse
               ,
               to
               the
               Title
               of
               Monarch
               ,
               and
               was
               styled
               King
               of
               Arles
               and
               Burgundy
               ,
               in
               which
               last
               this
               Province
               was
               rolled
               up
               ;
               from
               whom
               by
               several
               Traverses
               it
               came
               down
               to
               Rodolph
               the
               first
               ,
               who
               had
               the
               Title
               of
               Duke
               of
               Burgundy
               beyond
               the
               Jour
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               the
               Devolution
               of
               successive
               Interest
               ,
               carried
               it
               to
               Boson
               the
               second
               Brother
               to
               this
               Rodolph
               the
               first
               ,
               by
               whom
               the
               Dukedome
               of
               Burgundy
               beyond
               Jour
               ,
               was
               united
               to
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               Arles
               and
               Burgundy
               ;
               And
               from
               him
               the
               Thread
               of
               Descent
               transported
               it
               along
               to
               his
               Grandchild
               Rodolph
               the
               second
               ;
               who
               concluding
               without
               Issue
               ,
               gave
               this
               and
               many
               other
               Provinces
               to
               Conrade
               the
               second
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               ,
               who
               had
               Espoused
               Gisela
               Sister
               and
               Heir
               General
               of
               this
               Rodolph
               .
               After
               this
               it
               was
               so
               couched
               in
               the
               Caesarean
               Patrimony
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               esteemed
               as
               a
               Limb
               of
               the
               German
               Empire
               ,
               and
               was
               managed
               and
               Governed
               by
               such
               Earls
               and
               
               Provincial
               Officers
               ,
               as
               those
               Emperours
               transmitted
               hither
               ,
               to
               sway
               and
               regulate
               the
               Affairs
               of
               this
               Province
               .
            
             
               Otho
               of
               Flanders
               ,
               Son
               of
               a
               Sister
               of
               the
               Emperour
               Conrade
               ,
               by
               the
               Aid
               and
               Concurrence
               of
               Robert
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               was
               the
               first
               who
               was
               invested
               in
               it
               as
               Proprietary
               ,
               those
               others
               whom
               the
               French
               Registers
               and
               Records
               represent
               to
               us
               to
               have
               held
               it
               ,
               being
               Official
               rather
               than
               Hereditary
               .
               This
               Otho
               above
               mentioned
               ,
               determined
               without
               Issue
               ;
               so
               that
               Reinald
               his
               Cousin
               and
               Kinsman
               ,
               became
               Heir
               to
               the
               Earldome
               of
               Burgundy
               ;
               but
               here
               the
               Title
               was
               very
               transitory
               ,
               for
               he
               concluded
               in
               a
               female
               Inheritrix
               called
               Beatrix
               ,
               who
               was
               Matched
               to
               the
               Emperour
               
                 Frederick
                 Barbarossa
              
               ,
               by
               which
               Alliance
               it
               was
               annexed
               to
               his
               Patrimony
               ,
               and
               from
               him
               it
               devolved
               to
               his
               youngest
               Son
               Otho
               ;
               but
               here
               likewise
               the
               Possession
               was
               as
               transient
               ,
               for
               he
               expired
               in
               a
               Daughter
               and
               Heir
               styled
               Beatrix
               ,
               who
               by
               Matching
               with
               Otho
               Duke
               of
               Meranis
               ,
               which
               was
               part
               of
               the
               Province
               of
               Tyroll
               ,
               brought
               it
               to
               confesse
               him
               for
               Earl
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               and
               by
               her
               he
               had
               Issue
               Alice
               ,
               his
               only
               Daughter
               and
               Heir
               ,
               who
               was
               violently
               dispossessed
               by
               
                 Stephen
                 de
                 Chalons
              
               and
               his
               Complices
               ,
               who
               was
               next
               Heir
               to
               
                 Garrard
                 de
                 Vienne
              
               and
               Joan
               his
               Wife
               ,
               second
               Daughter
               to
               Otho
               the
               first
               ,
               and
               Sister
               of
               Beatrix
               ,
               acknowledged
               by
               his
               Faction
               there
               for
               Earl
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               even
               in
               the
               Life
               Time
               of
               Otho
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               did
               the
               Title
               glide
               
               down
               to
               his
               Grandchild
               Hugh
               ,
               who
               finding
               his
               new
               acquited
               Dignity
               was
               established
               upon
               a
               crazy
               Foundation
               ,
               to
               fortifie
               his
               Claim
               ,
               he
               Matched
               with
               Alice
               the
               Heir
               of
               Otho
               ,
               the
               second
               above-mentioned
               ,
               and
               so
               by
               twisting
               their
               Titles
               together
               ,
               became
               indisputable
               Heir
               to
               this
               Earldome
               ;
               and
               he
               had
               Issue
               Othelin
               ,
               who
               going
               out
               in
               a
               Daughter
               and
               Heir
               known
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               Joan
               ,
               she
               by
               Matching
               with
               Philip
               the
               Long
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               annexed
               it
               as
               an
               Appendage
               to
               his
               Scepter
               ,
               and
               he
               setled
               it
               on
               Joan
               his
               eldest
               Daughter
               issuing
               from
               this
               Match
               ,
               on
               Eudes
               Duke
               of
               Burgundy
               ;
               but
               his
               Grandchild
               Philip
               dying
               young
               and
               without
               Issue
               ,
               this
               upon
               his
               Decease
               by
               right
               of
               Inheritance
               devolved
               to
               Margaret
               second
               Daughter
               of
               King
               Philip
               the
               Long
               ,
               and
               Joan
               his
               Wife
               above
               mentioned
               ,
               who
               was
               Wedded
               to
               
                 Lewis
                 de
                 Malain
              
               Earl
               of
               Flanders
               ;
               and
               he
               had
               Issue
               by
               her
               
                 Lewis
                 de
                 Malain
              
               ,
               who
               in
               her
               Right
               incorporated
               this
               Earldom
               into
               his
               Patrimony
               ;
               but
               here
               it
               was
               not
               long
               resident
               ,
               for
               he
               found
               his
               Sepulchre
               in
               a
               Female
               Heir
               called
               Margaret
               ,
               who
               by
               Espousing
               Philip
               the
               Hardy
               ,
               second
               Son
               of
               John
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               linked
               this
               and
               the
               Title
               and
               Interest
               of
               many
               other
               eminent
               Seignories
               to
               his
               Paternal
               Demeasne
               .
            
             
               Having
               thus
               in
               Landskip
               discovered
               the
               Fate
               of
               the
               French
               County
               ,
               I
               shall
               represent
               in
               a
               Compendious
               Prospect
               those
               Vicissitudes
               and
               Revolutions
               that
               roll'd
               about
               the
               Title
               of
               the
               
               Dutchy
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               untill
               it
               came
               finally
               to
               accknowledge
               the
               Dominion
               of
               Philip
               the
               Hardy
               above-mentioned
               .
            
             
               The
               Dukedome
               of
               Burgundy
               hath
               on
               the
               East
               the
               French
               County
               ,
               and
               ●o
               ●e
               part
               of
               the
               Savoy
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               Burbonnis
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               Champaigne
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               
                 Bresse
                 ,
                 Lionnois
              
               ,
               and
               and
               some
               part
               of
               
                 Peau
                 jeulois
              
               .
               The
               Ancient
               Inhabitants
               of
               this
               Dukedome
               ,
               were
               the
               People
               in
               Ancient
               Reco●ds
               ,
               so
               Eminent
               for
               their
               Warlike
               Disposition
               ,
               called
               the
               Hedui
               .
               In
               times
               of
               a
               more
               mode●n
               Inscription
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               about
               the
               Division
               of
               the
               French
               Kingdome
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               made
               by
               Charles
               the
               Bald
               ,
               that
               part
               of
               it
               which
               was
               called
               the
               Dukedome
               of
               Burgundy
               on
               this
               side
               of
               the
               Soasne
               ,
               was
               Canton'd
               into
               the
               Five
               Earldoms
               of
               
                 Dijons
                 ,
                 Chalons
                 ,
                 Autun
                 ,
                 Lions
                 ,
              
               and
               Mascon
               ;
               whereof
               the
               three
               first
               being
               laid
               and
               amassed
               together
               ,
               by
               Eudes
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               during
               the
               Minority
               of
               Charles
               the
               Simple
               ,
               were
               given
               unto
               his
               Brother
               Richard
               ,
               embellished
               with
               the
               Title
               and
               Style
               of
               Duke
               of
               Burgundy
               :
               But
               the
               common
               Fate
               which
               attends
               upon
               all
               humane
               Frailty
               ,
               transported
               this
               Province
               ,
               upon
               the
               Decease
               of
               Gilbert
               Son
               of
               this
               Richard
               who
               made
               his
               Exit
               without
               Issue
               Male
               ,
               to
               Otho
               (
               Son
               of
               
                 Hugh
                 Capet
              
               Earl
               of
               Paris
               ,
               surnamed
               the
               Great
               )
               in
               Right
               of
               his
               Wife
               ,
               who
               was
               Daughter
               and
               Heir
               General
               of
               this
               Gilbert
               ;
               in
               whose
               Patrimony
               it
               had
               not
               long
               resided
               ,
               when
               he
               dying
               without
               Issue
               ,
               this
               Dutchy
               which
               
               he
               had
               been
               entituled
               to
               ,
               by
               the
               Authority
               of
               this
               Alliance
               ,
               came
               over
               to
               his
               Brother
               Henry
               ,
               who
               likewise
               expiring
               without
               Children
               ,
               the
               Thread
               of
               Desent
               wafted
               it
               along
               to
               Robert
               King
               of
               France
               Son
               to
               
                 Hugh
                 Capet
              
               ,
               who
               was
               Nephew
               to
               Otho
               and
               Henry
               above
               mentioned
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               did
               the
               Clew
               of
               Succession
               guide
               it
               down
               to
               Robert
               the
               third
               ,
               who
               had
               Issue
               Hugh
               the
               fifth
               of
               that
               Name
               Duke
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               and
               Eudes
               ,
               who
               upon
               the
               Decease
               of
               his
               Brother
               Hugh
               the
               fifth
               ,
               without
               Issue
               ,
               entered
               upon
               this
               Dutchy
               as
               his
               Heir
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               again
               did
               it
               come
               down
               to
               his
               Grandchild
               Philip
               ;
               who
               dying
               young
               and
               sans
               Issue
               ,
               this
               Province
               with
               all
               its
               Perquisites
               ,
               augmented
               the
               Revenue
               of
               John
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               to
               whom
               it
               accrued
               in
               right
               of
               his
               Mother
               Joan
               Wife
               to
               his
               Father
               
                 Philip
                 de
                 Valois
              
               ,
               who
               was
               one
               of
               the
               Daughters
               of
               Robert
               the
               Third
               above
               mentioned
               ,
               and
               by
               Consequence
               upon
               defailance
               of
               Issue
               in
               Philip
               abovesaid
               ,
               became
               entitled
               as
               his
               Heir
               General
               to
               the
               Propriety
               of
               this
               Dutchy
               ;
               But
               this
               was
               pretended
               onely
               ,
               for
               his
               Title
               was
               better
               supported
               by
               a
               violent
               Detention
               of
               this
               Dutchy
               ,
               upon
               which
               he
               had
               entered
               as
               an
               Escheat
               ,
               to
               the
               prejudice
               and
               supplantation
               of
               the
               Earls
               of
               Eureux
               ,
               by
               an
               illegall
               Inroad
               upon
               their
               Interest
               ;
               since
               those
               Earls
               extracted
               their
               Descent
               and
               Claim
               from
               the
               Daughter
               and
               Heir
               of
               
                 Lewis
                 de
                 Hutin
              
               K.
               of
               France
               ,
               before
               
                 Philip
                 de
                 Valois
              
               ,
               which
               Lewis
               Matched
               with
               Margaret
               eldest
               Daughter
               
               to
               Robert
               the
               Third
               above
               mentioned
               ,
               and
               Mother
               to
               the
               Heir
               General
               .
               But
               to
               proceed
               ,
               K.
               John
               being
               thus
               invested
               in
               the
               Possession
               ,
               setled
               it
               on
               his
               second
               Son
               Philip
               the
               Hardy
               ,
               from
               whom
               by
               the
               steps
               of
               some
               Descents
               ,
               it
               came
               down
               to
               Charles
               the
               Hardy
               ,
               who
               finding
               an
               untimely
               Sepulchre
               in
               the
               Feilds
               of
               Nancy
               ,
               left
               the
               Propriety
               of
               Burgundy
               to
               be
               enjoyed
               by
               Mary
               his
               sole
               Inheretrix
               ;
               upon
               the
               Decease
               of
               which
               
                 Charles
                 ,
                 Lewis
              
               the
               Eleventh
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               seised
               upon
               the
               Dutchy
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               as
               an
               Appendage
               to
               the
               Crown
               of
               France
               ,
               pretending
               it
               was
               by
               the
               Fundamental
               Customes
               of
               that
               Kingdome
               to
               return
               to
               that
               Scepter
               ,
               in
               case
               there
               were
               a
               defailance
               of
               Issue
               Male
               ;
               but
               the
               French
               County
               being
               an
               Imperial
               Isle
               ,
               was
               permitted
               to
               remain
               united
               to
               the
               Patrimony
               of
               his
               Daughter
               Mary
               abovesaid
               ,
               in
               whose
               Right
               Maximilian
               the
               Emperour
               her
               Husband
               ,
               was
               invested
               in
               the
               Fee
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               is
               the
               Seignory
               and
               Demeasne
               of
               this
               Province
               ,
               by
               the
               transmission
               of
               Successive
               Descent
               ,
               guided
               down
               to
               own
               the
               Scepter
               and
               Dominion
               of
               Philip
               the
               fourth
               ,
               the
               instant
               King
               of
               Spain
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Flanders
               and
               Artois
               .
            
             
               THese
               two
               though
               since
               since
               separated
               ,
               were
               Originally
               knit
               together
               in
               the
               Interest
               of
               one
               Estate
               ,
               yet
               after
               the
               Interval
               of
               five
               or
               six
               Descents
               were
               again
               twisted
               together
               ,
               and
               remained
               thus
               incorporated
               ever
               since
               .
            
             
               Flanders
               is
               bound
               in
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Hai●alt
               and
               Brabant
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               German
               Ocean
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               Seas
               of
               Zealand
               ,
               and
               a
               Branch
               of
               the
               Scheld
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Picardy
               and
               Graveling
               ,
               interposing
               betwixt
               Callis
               and
               Graveling
               .
               Antiquity
               hath
               extracted
               its
               Name
               from
               several
               Conjectures
               ,
               as
               first
               from
               Flando
               ,
               because
               it
               lyeth
               upon
               the
               winds
               ;
               others
               again
               assert
               that
               it
               was
               imposed
               upon
               it
               ,
               from
               Flandbert
               the
               Son
               of
               Blesinda
               Daughter
               of
               Cl●dion
               the
               second
               King
               of
               France
               ;
               some
               fetch
               it
               from
               a
               Town
               of
               that
               Name
               situated
               in
               that
               part
               of
               the
               Country
               where
               now
               Ardenbourg
               stands
               ,
               so
               long
               since
               languished
               and
               shrunk
               into
               Ruin
               ,
               that
               the
               least
               Symptome
               or
               Representation
               being
               wanting
               to
               inform
               us
               that
               there
               was
               once
               such
               a
               place
               in
               being
               ,
               that
               we
               now
               with
               difficulty
               trace
               out
               its
               Rubbish
               amidst
               its
               Ruines
               ;
               therefore
               the
               Conjectures
               of
               more
               rational
               heads
               extract
               the
               Appellation
               from
               Flandrina
               
               the
               Wife
               of
               Lideric
               the
               second
               ,
               the
               first
               who
               managed
               the
               Government
               of
               these
               parts
               as
               Forrester
               .
               It
               was
               in
               elder
               Times
               resolved
               into
               three
               Divisions
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               
                 Flandria
                 Imperialis
              
               ,
               called
               so
               because
               it
               was
               long
               in
               its
               obedience
               subservient
               to
               the
               Emperours
               of
               
                 Germany
                 ;
                 Flandria
                 Gallica
              
               ,
               so
               styled
               from
               the
               French
               Dialect
               there
               spoken
               ;
               and
               
                 Flandria
                 Teutonica
              
               ,
               because
               within
               its
               precinct
               the
               Dutch
               Language
               was
               properly
               used
               .
            
             
               Artois
               is
               limited
               on
               the
               East
               with
               
                 Flanders
                 Gallicant
              
               ,
               and
               the
               County
               of
               Cambray
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               and
               West
               it
               is
               bounded
               with
               Picardy
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               with
               
                 Flanders
                 Flammegant
              
               ,
               and
               the
               River
               of
               Lis.
               The
               Name
               is
               extracted
               from
               the
               Atrebates
               the
               old
               Inhabitants
               thereof
               ;
               the
               Air
               is
               temperate
               ,
               and
               the
               Soil
               so
               pregnant
               and
               ●ertile
               that
               it
               may
               very
               well
               have
               the
               Denomination
               of
               the
               Granary
               of
               Flanders
               and
               Brabant
               .
            
             
               These
               Countries
               of
               Flanders
               and
               Artois
               were
               anciently
               ,
               if
               not
               a
               part
               ,
               yet
               much
               of
               the
               same
               Nature
               and
               Condition
               with
               the
               great
               Forrest
               of
               Ardenne
               ,
               nothing
               but
               the
               Solitudes
               of
               continual
               Woods
               and
               De●arts
               ,
               making
               the
               Aspect
               of
               it
               rude
               and
               desolate
               ;
               The
               ancient
               Inhabitants
               of
               the
               first
               were
               the
               Nervii
               and
               Morini
               ,
               who
               were
               supplanted
               by
               the
               Romans
               ,
               and
               these
               again
               by
               the
               French
               ,
               who
               having
               established
               the
               great
               Earldome
               of
               Ardenne
               ,
               made
               these
               Provinces
               in
               part
               subject
               to
               the
               Dominion
               and
               power
               of
               
               its
               Governours
               ,
               whilest
               that
               Track
               of
               Earth
               which
               confined
               on
               the
               Sea
               ,
               was
               so
               exposed
               to
               Rapine
               ,
               Pyracies
               ,
               and
               Depredations
               of
               the
               Danes
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               neglected
               ,
               uncultivated
               ,
               and
               almost
               unpeopled
               ;
               the
               In-land
               Countries
               ▪
               something
               contributing
               to
               the
               general
               Calamity
               by
               being
               meanly
               planted
               ,
               from
               a
               Deficiency
               of
               those
               Necessaries
               which
               should
               support
               the
               Life
               of
               Man.
               But
               when
               Brunulph
               Earl
               of
               Ardenne
               was
               secured
               by
               Dagobert
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               this
               Wild
               and
               disordered
               Country
               ,
               extending
               as
               far
               as
               the
               River
               of
               Some
               ,
               and
               enwrapping
               besides
               Artois
               and
               Flanders
               ,
               a
               considerable
               part
               of
               Pi●ardy
               about
               the
               Year
               621.
               was
               given
               to
               
                 Lideri●
                 le
                 Beuque
              
               ,
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               Forrester
               ,
               to
               be
               held
               under
               Homage
               to
               that
               Crown
               .
               In
               whose
               Posterity
               this
               Title
               sojourned
               ,
               until
               the
               time
               of
               Baldwin
               the
               first
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Odoacer
               the
               seventh
               of
               the
               Forresters
               ,
               whose
               Names
               are
               Recorded
               in
               the
               Registers
               of
               Flanders
               ,
               there
               being
               a
               Gap
               or
               Parenthesis
               which
               ravels
               their
               Memories
               during
               the
               Ravage
               of
               the
               Danes
               and
               Normans
               .
               This
               Baldwin
               having
               by
               a
               violent
               Onset
               ravished
               away
               ,
               and
               after
               Wedded
               Judith
               Sister
               to
               Charles
               the
               Bald
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               and
               Emperour
               ,
               was
               by
               him
               created
               Earl
               of
               Flanders
               about
               the
               Year
               864.
               the
               Soveraignty
               reserved
               as
               before
               it
               was
               ;
               in
               whose
               Issue
               the
               Interest
               of
               these
               Provinces
               remained
               combined
               and
               entire
               ,
               until
               Philip
               the
               first
               surnamed
               of
               Elsas
               ,
               Son
               of
               Theodorick
               the
               first
               ,
               surnamed
               likewise
               of
               Elsas
               ,
               to
               which
               Theodorick
               
               the
               Seignory
               both
               of
               Flanders
               and
               Artois
               accrued
               ,
               as
               being
               Heir
               General
               of
               Heltrude
               ,
               Daughter
               and
               Heir
               General
               likewise
               of
               Robert
               the
               first
               ,
               Earl
               of
               Flanders
               and
               Artois
               ,
               after
               the
               Decease
               of
               her
               Brother
               Robert
               the
               second
               ,
               Charles
               Son
               of
               Canutus
               King
               of
               Denmark
               ,
               who
               had
               Matched
               with
               her
               Sister
               Adeliza
               ,
               and
               of
               William
               ,
               Grandchild
               of
               William
               the
               Bastard
               Duke
               of
               Normandy
               (
               who
               had
               Espoused
               Mawde
               Daughter
               of
               Baldwin
               the
               Fifth
               Earl
               of
               Flanders
               and
               Artois
               )
               gave
               unto
               
                 Philip
                 Augustus
              
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               the
               Province
               of
               Artois
               with
               the
               Earldome
               of
               Veramandois
               ,
               with
               Isabel
               his
               Neice
               ,
               Daughter
               of
               Baldwin
               the
               eighth
               Earl
               of
               Hainault
               ,
               which
               Baldwin
               had
               Wedded
               Margaret
               Daughter
               of
               Theodorick
               above-mentioned
               ,
               and
               Sister
               and
               Heir
               of
               this
               Philip.
               By
               Lewis
               the
               Eighth
               Son
               and
               Successor
               to
               this
               King
               
                 Philip
                 ,
                 Artois
              
               was
               given
               as
               a
               Portion
               to
               swell
               the
               Patrimony
               of
               his
               youngest
               Son
               Robert
               ,
               who
               was
               adorned
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               Earl
               of
               Artois
               by
               King
               Lewis
               the
               Ninth
               Anno
               1234.
               
               This
               Robert
               had
               Issue
               Robert
               the
               second
               ,
               in
               whom
               the
               Male
               Line
               failed
               ,
               so
               that
               Mawde
               his
               sole
               Daughter
               ,
               being
               Matched
               to
               Othelin
               Earl
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               he
               in
               her
               right
               became
               Earl
               of
               Artois
               :
               But
               in
               him
               the
               Title
               was
               as
               volatile
               and
               unfixed
               as
               in
               the
               former
               ;
               for
               he
               Deceased
               without
               Issue
               Male
               ,
               and
               so
               Joan
               his
               Daughter
               and
               Heir
               by
               Espousing
               Philip
               the
               Long
               ,
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               united
               this
               Earldome
               to
               his
               Scepter
               ,
               and
               the
               Estate
               to
               
               his
               Patrimony
               ,
               and
               gave
               it
               in
               Marriage
               with
               the
               County
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               with
               Joan
               his
               Eldest
               Daughter
               ,
               to
               Eudes
               Duke
               of
               Burgundy
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               the
               right
               of
               Descent
               wafted
               it
               along
               to
               his
               Grandchild
               Philip
               the
               Third
               ,
               who
               expiring
               without
               Issue
               ,
               Margaret
               second
               Daughter
               of
               King
               Philip
               the
               Long
               above
               mentioned
               ,
               who
               was
               Matched
               to
               Lewis
               Earl
               of
               Flanders
               ,
               entered
               upon
               this
               Earldome
               as
               his
               Heir
               General
               ,
               and
               transmitted
               it
               and
               both
               the
               Burgundies
               to
               his
               Son
               
                 Lewis
                 de
                 Malain
              
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               again
               did
               Margaret
               his
               sole
               Heir
               carry
               the
               united
               Titles
               and
               Interest
               of
               all
               these
               Provinces
               to
               Philip
               the
               Hardy
               ,
               to
               whom
               she
               was
               solemnly
               Wedded
               at
               Gaunt
               ,
               in
               the
               Year
               1369.
               
            
             
               Having
               thus
               in
               a
               Compendious
               Discovery
               represented
               those
               Revolutions
               which
               annexed
               Artois
               to
               the
               Burgundian
               Stem
               ,
               I
               shall
               now
               in
               as
               narrow
               a
               Volume
               pursue
               and
               trace
               out
               the
               Fate
               of
               Flanders
               ;
               and
               it
               stood
               thus
               :
               Theodorick
               of
               Elsas
               Earl
               of
               Flanders
               above
               mentioned
               ,
               had
               Issue
               Philip
               surnamed
               of
               Elsas
               ,
               and
               Earl
               of
               Flanders
               likewise
               ,
               who
               dying
               without
               Issue
               ,
               Baldwin
               the
               eighth
               Earl
               of
               Hanault
               ,
               who
               had
               Espoused
               Margaret
               his
               Sister
               and
               Heir
               ,
               in
               her
               Right
               was
               entituled
               to
               the
               Earldome
               of
               Flanders
               ,
               and
               left
               his
               new
               Acquists
               to
               his
               Son
               and
               Heir
               Baldwin
               the
               Ninth
               ,
               a
               man
               of
               that
               Latitude
               of
               Power
               in
               the
               Age
               he
               lived
               in
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               not
               only
               Earl
               of
               Flanders
               and
               Hainault
               ,
               but
               Emperour
               of
               Constantinople
               also
               ;
               but
               he
               and
               his
               
               Greatnesse
               found
               one
               Sepulchre
               together
               in
               two
               Daughters
               and
               Coheirs
               ,
               Joan
               the
               eldest
               was
               first
               Matched
               to
               Ferdinand
               Son
               of
               Sancho
               King
               of
               Portugal
               ,
               and
               secondly
               to
               Thomas
               third
               Son
               of
               Thomas
               Earl
               of
               Savoy
               ,
               by
               whom
               having
               no
               Issue
               surviving
               ,
               Margaret
               her
               second
               Sister
               Wedded
               to
               William
               of
               Dampiere
               ,
               became
               Heir
               to
               her
               Concernment
               in
               Flanders
               and
               Hainalt
               ;
               by
               her
               Husband
               abovementioed
               she
               had
               Issue
               William
               of
               Dampiere
               ,
               whom
               even
               in
               her
               Life
               Time
               she
               admitted
               to
               the
               Title
               of
               Earl
               ,
               which
               he
               continued
               until
               his
               Death
               ,
               which
               was
               divers
               years
               before
               her
               own
               Decease
               ;
               and
               Guy
               of
               Dampier●
               who
               was
               not
               only
               Dignified
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               Earl
               on
               the
               Death
               of
               his
               Brother
               ,
               but
               invested
               also
               in
               the
               Estate
               ,
               on
               the
               Exit
               of
               his
               Mother
               ,
               and
               from
               him
               did
               the
               steps
               of
               several
               Descents
               conduct
               it
               down
               to
               his
               great
               Grandchild
               
                 Lewis
                 de
                 Malain
              
               Earl
               of
               
                 Flanders
                 ,
                 Hainault
                 ,
                 Artois
              
               ,
               and
               both
               the
               Burgundies
               ;
               but
               expiring
               without
               Issue
               Male
               ,
               Margaret
               his
               sole
               Inheritrix
               by
               Matching
               with
               Philip
               the
               Hardy
               ,
               fourth
               Son
               of
               John
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               brought
               them
               not
               only
               to
               improve
               the
               Grandeur
               of
               his
               Family
               ,
               but
               likewise
               to
               swell
               and
               inforce
               his
               Patrimony
               ,
               and
               from
               him
               did
               the
               Title
               of
               these
               Provinces
               flow
               down
               to
               his
               great
               Grandchild
               Charles
               Duke
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               surnamed
               the
               Warlike
               ,
               who
               being
               unfortunately
               cut
               off
               at
               the
               Battle
               of
               Granson
               ,
               and
               expiring
               without
               Issue
               Male
               ,
               his
               Interest
               in
               
                 Flanders
                 ,
                 Burgundy
              
               ,
               and
               many
               other
               Provinces
               ,
               
               came
               to
               be
               enjoyed
               by
               Maximilian
               the
               Emperour
               ,
               and
               his
               Son
               Philip
               having
               Wedded
               Joan
               Daughter
               of
               Ferdinand
               and
               Isabella
               ,
               Monarchs
               of
               Spain
               ,
               so
               twisted
               the
               Title
               of
               Flanders
               and
               Burgundy
               with
               that
               of
               Spain
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               still
               subservient
               to
               the
               Dominion
               and
               Empire
               of
               Philip
               the
               fourth
               ,
               who
               now
               weilds
               the
               Scepter
               of
               the
               Spanish
               Monarchy
               .
            
          
           
             
               Hainault
               .
            
             
               
                 HAIN
                 AULT
              
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Namur
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Flanders
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Brabant
               ,
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Picardy
               and
               Champaigne
               .
               It
               was
               in
               elder
               times
               called
               
                 Saltus
                 Carbonatius
              
               ,
               by
               some
               Writers
               the
               
                 Lower
                 Picardy
              
               ;
               In
               Latine
               Records
               of
               a
               more
               modern
               Inscription
               Hannonia
               .
               It
               borrows
               this
               Name
               from
               the
               River
               Haine
               or
               Hania
               ,
               which
               glides
               through
               it
               ,
               and
               the
               Word
               Holt
               which
               imports
               a
               Wood
               ;
               this
               Province
               being
               almost
               clouded
               and
               over-spread
               with
               Forrests
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               Etymologie
               will
               be
               
                 Hainault
                 quasi
                 Hain-holt
              
               ,
               a
               Country
               replenished
               with
               Woods
               on
               the
               River
               of
               Haine
               .
               Thus
               it
               is
               represented
               in
               French
               ,
               but
               in
               Dutch
               it
               is
               best
               known
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               Henegou
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               a
               Country
               consining
               on
               the
               River
               Haine
               ,
               as
               the
               
               signification
               in
               that
               Language
               does
               intimate
               .
            
             
               The
               ancient
               Inhabitants
               of
               this
               Province
               were
               the
               Nervii
               ,
               so
               eminent
               in
               History
               for
               their
               Valour
               and
               Prudence
               ,
               who
               after
               Bloody
               Contests
               were
               supplanted
               by
               the
               Romans
               ;
               but
               they
               again
               being
               dislodg'd
               by
               the
               Prench
               ,
               it
               became
               a
               Limb
               of
               the
               great
               Earldome
               of
               Ardenne
               ,
               and
               remained
               so
               until
               the
               Death
               of
               Brunulph
               ,
               who
               was
               subdued
               and
               slain
               in
               Battel
               by
               Dagobert
               K.
               of
               France
               ;
               which
               Brunulph
               his
               Father
               in
               his
               Life
               Time
               had
               invested
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               Duke
               of
               Ardenne
               ,
               and
               designed
               unto
               the
               Conquest
               of
               it
               ;
               but
               the
               Fury
               of
               War
               being
               allayed
               ,
               and
               the
               parts
               of
               Flanders
               and
               Brabant
               which
               were
               parcels
               of
               that
               Dutchy
               being
               enstated
               on
               other
               Houses
               ,
               this
               by
               the
               Indulgent
               Magnificence
               of
               Sigebert
               King
               of
               Metz
               or
               Austrasia
               ,
               was
               setled
               on
               Alberic
               surnamed
               the
               Orphelin
               one
               of
               the
               younger
               Sons
               of
               Brunulph
               ,
               and
               was
               likewise
               adorned
               with
               the
               Name
               and
               Title
               of
               Earl
               of
               Hainalt
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               did
               both
               the
               Title
               and
               Estate
               by
               the
               Thread
               of
               Descent
               come
               down
               to
               Walter
               the
               third
               ;
               by
               whose
               eldest
               Daughter
               it
               was
               brought
               to
               confesse
               Albon
               both
               for
               Earl
               and
               Proprietary
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               the
               Clew
               of
               Paternal
               Descent
               transported
               the
               Title
               to
               his
               Successor
               Reigner
               the
               third
               ,
               who
               determined
               in
               a
               Daughter
               and
               Heir
               called
               Richild
               ,
               who
               by
               Matching
               with
               Baldwin
               the
               Fifth
               of
               that
               Name
               ,
               Earl
               of
               Flanders
               ,
               added
               so
               strong
               a
               Right
               to
               this
               Alliance
               ,
               that
               he
               became
               Earl
               of
               Hainalt
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               Baldwin
               
               the
               first
               ,
               and
               left
               it
               to
               his
               Son
               Arnulph
               ,
               who
               was
               Barbarously
               robbed
               of
               his
               estate
               by
               his
               unnatural
               Uncle
               Robert
               ;
               who
               not
               glutted
               with
               this
               Ruin
               ,
               ravished
               away
               likewise
               the
               Earldome
               of
               Flanders
               by
               an
               unjust
               and
               Usurped
               Surprizal
               ,
               into
               which
               he
               succeeded
               ,
               though
               his
               Nephew
               Baldwin
               ,
               Brother
               to
               the
               infortunate
               Arnulph
               ,
               was
               repossest
               of
               Hainault
               ,
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               Baldwin
               the
               second
               ,
               and
               styled
               himself
               likewise
               Earl
               of
               Flanders
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               by
               a
               continued
               Channel
               of
               worthy
               Successors
               ,
               did
               the
               Title
               of
               this
               Earldom
               flow
               down
               to
               Baldwin
               the
               eighth
               of
               that
               Name
               in
               Hainault
               ,
               and
               the
               Ninth
               in
               Flanders
               ,
               who
               went
               out
               in
               two
               Daughters
               and
               Coheirs
               ,
               Joan
               who
               dyed
               without
               Issue
               though
               twice
               married
               ;
               and
               Margaret
               who
               being
               entrusted
               to
               the
               care
               and
               Tuition
               of
               Buschart
               her
               Guardian
               ,
               he
               by
               ill
               Arts
               and
               worse
               Stratagems
               so
               seduced
               and
               charmed
               her
               Affections
               ,
               that
               she
               was
               made
               a
               prostitute
               to
               his
               Lust
               ,
               and
               by
               those
               unlawful
               Embraces
               had
               a
               Natural
               Son
               called
               
                 John
                 de
                 Avesnes
              
               ,
               Prior
               of
               St.
               Peters
               in
               L'isle
               ,
               who
               by
               the
               Designs
               of
               Force
               and
               Fraud
               ,
               by
               an
               unjust
               intrusion
               extorted
               Hainault
               from
               his
               two
               Brothers
               William
               and
               Guy
               of
               Dampierre
               ,
               both
               being
               Sons
               of
               William
               of
               Bourbon
               Lord
               of
               Dampierre
               and
               this
               Margaret
               ,
               &
               both
               the
               Issue
               of
               Lawful
               Sheets
               ;
               and
               this
               John
               being
               thus
               swoln
               with
               an
               Increase
               of
               Patrimony
               ,
               and
               made
               tall
               in
               Title
               ,
               Matched
               with
               Aleida
               Daughter
               and
               Heir
               of
               Florence
               the
               fourth
               Earl
               of
               Holland
               ,
               
               and
               so
               by
               the
               Authority
               of
               this
               Alliance
               ,
               was
               not
               only
               Earl
               of
               Hainault
               :
               but
               of
               that
               Territory
               also
               of
               whose
               Descendants
               ,
               and
               how
               both
               Hainault
               and
               Holland
               came
               to
               devolve
               to
               the
               House
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               I
               shall
               discover
               when
               I
               come
               to
               treat
               of
               Holland
               .
            
          
           
             
               Namur
               .
            
             
               NAMUR
               hath
               on
               the
               East
               Hainault
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               the
               Bishoprick
               of
               Leigh
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               Brabant
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               Luxenbourg
               .
               The
               ancient
               Inhabitants
               of
               this
               Country
               were
               the
               Nervii
               .
               It
               was
               first
               erected
               into
               an
               Earldom
               by
               some
               of
               the
               Descendants
               of
               the
               Sons
               of
               Clodion
               second
               King
               of
               the
               French
               ,
               who
               being
               by
               a
               violent
               Usurpation
               devested
               of
               their
               Fathers
               Diadem
               ,
               by
               Meroveus
               Master
               of
               his
               Horse
               ,
               to
               whose
               ingrateful
               and
               unworthy
               Tuition
               they
               had
               been
               entrusted
               by
               their
               confident
               (
               but
               unwa●y
               )
               Father
               ,
               were
               forced
               to
               seek
               shelter
               in
               the
               most
               desencible
               places
               of
               the
               great
               Forrest
               of
               Ardenne
               ,
               where
               they
               established
               the
               great
               Earldomes
               of
               Ardenne
               and
               Mosell
               .
               Divided
               in
               succeeding
               Generations
               into
               many
               parcels
               ,
               of
               which
               this
               was
               one
               .
               Who
               the
               first
               Earls
               were
               ,
               because
               Ancient
               Records
               are
               dim
               in
               that
               particular
               ,
               is
               incertain
               .
               Albert
               who
               
               was
               Co-temporary
               to
               
                 Hugh
                 Capet
              
               ,
               and
               Matched
               with
               Irmingrade
               Daughter
               of
               Charles
               of
               France
               ,
               and
               first
               Duke
               of
               Lorraine
               ,
               is
               represent
               in
               very
               old
               Registers
               to
               have
               been
               Earl
               of
               this
               Province
               ;
               and
               he
               was
               Grandfather
               (
               and
               as
               some
               Authors
               assert
               )
               Father
               to
               ●eter
               Earl
               of
               Namur
               ,
               in
               whom
               the
               Male
               Line
               determined
               ,
               so
               that
               his
               Daughter
               and
               Heir
               by
               Espousang
               Henry
               the
               second
               Son
               of
               Baldwin
               the
               eighth
               Earl
               of
               Flanders
               and
               Hainault
               (
               which
               Henry
               was
               Emperour
               of
               Constantinople
               likewise
               ,
               after
               the
               death
               of
               his
               elder
               Brother
               Baldwin
               the
               ninth
               Earl
               of
               Flanders
               and
               Hainault
               )
               brought
               this
               Earldom
               into
               that
               Family
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               it
               descended
               to
               Yoland
               his
               Daughter
               ,
               who
               Wedded
               Peter
               Earl
               of
               Auxerre
               (
               who
               also
               succeeded
               his
               Father
               in
               Law
               Henry
               in
               the
               Empire
               of
               Constantinople
               )
               and
               he
               supported
               by
               a
               Right
               derived
               from
               Her
               ,
               was
               entitled
               to
               this
               Earldome
               ;
               and
               upon
               his
               Decease
               Philip
               his
               younger
               Son
               ,
               as
               being
               then
               in
               the
               Netherlands
               ,
               entered
               upon
               it
               as
               Earl
               ;
               but
               he
               dying
               without
               Issue
               ,
               John
               his
               elder
               Brother
               ,
               who
               at
               his
               Fathers
               Decease
               was
               at
               Constantinople
               and
               there
               made
               his
               Claim
               ,
               was
               entitled
               to
               it
               ;
               but
               he
               likewise
               making
               his
               Exit
               without
               Issue
               ,
               it
               devolved
               to
               Philip
               the
               second
               ,
               Brother
               to
               Henry
               the
               Emperour
               above
               mentioned
               ;
               and
               the
               likewise
               determining
               without
               Children
               ,
               it
               was
               transmitted
               to
               Margaret
               one
               of
               the
               two
               Daughters
               and
               Co-heirs
               of
               Baldwin
               the
               ninth
               ,
               as
               Heir
               General
               to
               this
               Philip
               ,
               and
               she
               setled
               it
               on
               her
               
               third
               Son
               John
               sirnamed
               of
               Dampierre
               ,
               upon
               whose
               Decease
               his
               elder
               Brother
               Guy
               of
               Dampierre
               entered
               upon
               the
               Earldome
               ,
               and
               left
               it
               to
               his
               Son
               by
               his
               second
               Wife
               ,
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               John
               the
               third
               ;
               upon
               whose
               Exit
               ,
               his
               Brother
               who
               was
               one
               of
               the
               Sons
               of
               
                 Guy
                 de
                 Dampierre
              
               above
               mentioned
               ,
               by
               his
               first
               Wife
               ,
               was
               invested
               in
               the
               Earldome
               by
               the
               Style
               of
               John
               the
               fourth
               ;
               but
               he
               expi●ing
               without
               Issue
               ,
               his
               Brother
               by
               the
               whole
               Blood
               entered
               upon
               the
               Possession
               ,
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               Guy
               the
               second
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               it
               Descended
               to
               his
               Grandchild
               John
               the
               sixth
               ,
               who
               in
               the
               Year
               1429.
               passed
               away
               his
               Estate
               here
               in
               Reversion
               to
               Philip
               the
               Good
               ,
               to
               be
               enjoyed
               by
               him
               ,
               on
               the
               Decease
               of
               his
               next
               Heir
               Theodore
               ,
               who
               being
               Infirm
               ,
               and
               going
               out
               without
               Issue
               ,
               it
               accordingly
               augmented
               the
               Revenue
               of
               Philip
               the
               Good
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               hath
               the
               steps
               of
               several
               Descents
               carried
               down
               the
               Title
               and
               Propriety
               to
               Philip
               the
               fourth
               ,
               now
               King
               of
               Spain
               .
            
          
           
             
               Luxenbourg
               .
            
             
               LUXNBOURG
               is
               environed
               on
               the
               East
               with
               the
               Moselle
               and
               the
               Land
               of
               Triers
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               Maes
               and
               the
               Forrest
               of
               Ardenne
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               
                 Luick-land
                 ,
                 Namur
              
               ,
               
               and
               a
               part
               of
               Hainault
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               the
               Dutchy
               of
               Lorraine
               .
               It
               hath
               borrowed
               this
               Name
               from
               the
               Castle
               near
               the
               Town
               of
               Luxenbourg
               ,
               selected
               by
               Sigifride
               the
               first
               Earl
               hereof
               for
               his
               Seat
               and
               Residence
               .
               The
               whole
               Dutchy
               is
               resolved
               into
               two
               parts
               ,
               that
               on
               the
               East
               having
               borrowed
               the
               Name
               of
               Famenne
               ,
               that
               on
               the
               West
               having
               the
               Appellation
               of
               Ardenne
               imposed
               upon
               it
               .
            
             
               This
               Province
               was
               at
               first
               a
               Limb
               of
               the
               great
               Earldome
               of
               Ardenne
               ,
               rent
               from
               it
               in
               the
               Raign
               of
               Otho
               the
               first
               by
               Sigifride
               the
               Son
               of
               Ric●inus
               Prince
               thereof
               ,
               who
               in
               the
               breaking
               the
               Estate
               by
               Division
               into
               pa●cels
               ,
               had
               this
               consigned
               for
               his
               Portion
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               Earl.
               Of
               his
               Successors
               
                 Gilbert
                 ,
                 Godfrey
              
               ,
               and
               Conrade
               there
               is
               little
               represented
               to
               us
               by
               ancient
               Record
               ,
               in
               a
               constant
               order
               of
               Succession
               ,
               until
               the
               Time
               of
               Henry
               the
               first
               ,
               who
               being
               slain
               in
               the
               Cause
               and
               Quarrel
               of
               Renald
               Earl
               of
               
                 Gueldres
                 ▪
              
               contending
               with
               John
               Duke
               of
               Brabant
               for
               the
               Dutchy
               of
               Limbourg
               ,
               this
               Province
               descended
               to
               his
               Son
               and
               Heir
               Henry
               the
               second
               ,
               who
               by
               the
               Influence
               and
               procurement
               of
               his
               Brother
               Baldwin
               Elector
               of
               Triers
               ,
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               ;
               and
               he
               had
               Issue
               John
               who
               Matched
               with
               Elizabeth
               Daughter
               of
               Wenceslaus
               the
               Elder
               ,
               King
               of
               Bohemia
               ;
               the
               Respect
               had
               to
               that
               Alliance
               was
               so
               operative
               upon
               that
               Nation
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               in
               the
               Life
               Time
               of
               his
               Father
               by
               their
               Election
               advanced
               to
               the
               Scepter
               of
               
               that
               Nation
               .
               And
               he
               had
               Issue
               Charles
               who
               was
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               the
               fourth
               of
               that
               Name
               ,
               and
               likewise
               King
               of
               Bohemia
               ,
               and
               Wenceslaus
               the
               first
               ,
               who
               was
               created
               Duke
               of
               Luxenbourg
               by
               his
               Brother
               Charles
               the
               Emperour
               ,
               to
               inlarge
               and
               multiply
               the
               Grandeur
               of
               their
               Family
               ;
               but
               he
               Deceasing
               without
               a
               Successor
               ,
               this
               Dutchy
               again
               was
               united
               to
               the
               Patrimony
               of
               Wenceslaus
               ,
               who
               was
               eldest
               Son
               to
               Charles
               the
               fourth
               ,
               and
               was
               Emperour
               ,
               and
               King
               of
               Bohemia
               also
               ;
               and
               to
               him
               Succeeded
               his
               Brother
               Sigismund
               who
               was
               invested
               in
               all
               his
               Estates
               ,
               and
               adorned
               with
               all
               h●s
               Titles
               ,
               as
               namely
               ,
               Emperour
               ,
               King
               of
               Bohemia
               ,
               and
               Duke
               of
               Luxenbourg
               ;
               but
               grew
               more
               considerable
               when
               he
               Matched
               with
               Mary
               Heir
               of
               L●wis
               the
               first
               ,
               King
               of
               Hungary
               ;
               by
               which
               Alliance
               that
               Diadem
               likewise
               encircled
               his
               Temples
               ;
               and
               he
               the
               better
               to
               fortifie
               his
               own
               Family
               with
               external
               Butteresses
               ,
               by
               a
               munificient
               Donation
               ,
               enstated
               this
               Dutchy
               on
               Elizabeth
               Daughter
               to
               his
               younger
               Brother
               John
               Duke
               of
               Gortlitz
               ;
               which
               endowment
               of
               his
               fitted
               her
               for
               the
               Bed
               of
               Anthony
               of
               Burgogn
               Duke
               of
               Brabant
               ;
               after
               whose
               Decease
               she
               was
               remarried
               to
               John
               the
               third
               Earl
               of
               Hainault
               and
               Holland
               ,
               but
               having
               Issue
               by
               neither
               of
               them
               ,
               she
               by
               Sale
               conveyed
               her
               Concernment
               in
               this
               Dutchy
               to
               Philip
               the
               Good
               ,
               Duke
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               〈◊〉
               whom
               several
               Descents
               hath
               conducted
               the
               〈◊〉
               down
               to
               Philip
               the
               fourth
               now
               King
               of
               〈◊〉
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Brabant
               .
            
             
               BRABANT
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Luickland
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               River
               Scheld
               and
               a
               part
               of
               Flanders
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               Maes
               ,
               which
               separates
               it
               from
               Holland
               and
               Guelderland
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               
                 Hainault
                 ,
                 Namur
              
               ,
               and
               a
               branch
               of
               Guelderland
               .
               The
               ancient
               Inhabitants
               of
               this
               Province
               were
               the
               Aduatici
               ,
               and
               some
               part
               of
               the
               Tungri
               ,
               by
               the
               Romans
               reputed
               a
               Limb
               of
               that
               Province
               ,
               called
               
                 Germania
                 Secunda
              
               ;
               and
               by
               the
               French
               ,
               a
               Province
               of
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               East-France
               or
               Austrasia
               ;
               the
               Southern
               parts
               thereof
               Confining
               on
               Hainault
               ,
               were
               subservient
               to
               the
               Command
               of
               the
               Earls
               of
               Ardenne
               ;
               the
               Northern
               parts
               extending
               towards
               the
               Sea
               ,
               were
               miserably
               harrassed
               with
               the
               Depredations
               of
               the
               Danes
               and
               Normans
               ,
               and
               therefore
               for
               their
               future
               Indempnity
               ,
               were
               committed
               to
               the
               Custody
               and
               Protection
               of
               one
               who
               had
               the
               Title
               of
               Lord
               Warden
               of
               the
               Marches
               .
               But
               long
               these
               Robbers
               had
               not
               laid
               this
               Province
               Desolate
               with
               their
               wilde
               Depopulations
               ,
               when
               their
               Rapine
               met
               with
               a
               just
               Expiation
               ,
               for
               Theodebert
               Son
               of
               Theodorick
               first
               King
               of
               Austrasia
               ,
               accompanied
               with
               Utilo
               a
               Boiarian
               Prince
               ,
               so
               
               check'd
               their
               Insolencies
               ,
               and
               retrenched
               their
               Eruptions
               by
               seve
               al
               Defeats
               ,
               that
               Theodorick
               at
               the
               request
               of
               his
               Son
               Theodebert
               ,
               to
               ballance
               the
               signal
               performances
               of
               Utilo
               ,
               gave
               him
               not
               only
               the
               Command
               of
               these
               Countries
               ,
               but
               the
               Propriety
               and
               possession
               of
               a
               considerable
               part
               of
               them
               likewise
               by
               the
               Title
               of
               Lord
               Marquiss
               of
               Antwerpe
               ,
               the
               fourth
               from
               whom
               called
               Araulph
               ,
               was
               the
               first
               Mayor
               of
               the
               Palace
               to
               the
               Kings
               of
               France
               ,
               made
               Hereditary
               to
               this
               Family
               and
               his
               ●uccessors
               .
               By
               Dagobert
               the
               first
               ●ole
               King
               of
               the
               French
               ,
               that
               Branch
               of
               this
               Country
               which
               was
               〈◊〉
               ●ubjection
               to
               the
               Earls
               of
               Ardenne
               ,
               was
               by
               his
               Victorious
               Sword
               extorted
               from
               them
               ,
               and
               the
               whole
               Estate
               con●erred
               on
               Ansegisus
               Son
               of
               Arnulph
               ,
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               Duke
               of
               Brabant
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               did
               the
               Title
               and
               Estate
               descend
               to
               
                 Charles
                 Martell
              
               Base
               Son
               of
               his
               Son
               Pepin
               the
               first
               ;
               and
               this
               Charles
               had
               Issue
               Pepin
               the
               second
               ,
               surnamed
               the
               Short
               ,
               who
               having
               managed
               Successfully
               the
               Affairs
               of
               France
               ,
               at
               last
               Usurped
               that
               Diadem
               ,
               and
               solemnly
               receive
               the
               Crown
               at
               Soissons
               from
               the
               Hands
               of
               Boniface
               Arch-Bishop
               of
               Mentz
               in
               the
               year
               751
               The
               Dukedome
               of
               Brabant
               was
               by
               this
               means
               incorporated
               into
               the
               Revenue
               of
               the
               Crown
               of
               France
               ,
               where
               it
               〈◊〉
               ●●●ch
               ●●nt●
               the
               partage
               of
               the
               French
               Empire
               amongst
               the
               ●ons
               and
               Kinsm●n
               of
               Lewis
               the
               
                 Godly
                 ▪
              
               and
               〈◊〉
               ●t
               w●s
               link'd
               as
               an
               Appendage
               to
               the
               Kingdom●
               of
               Lorraine
               ,
               where
               it
               lay
               
               wrapped
               up
               ,
               until
               Lotharius
               the
               third
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               in
               whose
               share
               it
               was
               involved
               conferred
               it
               on
               Charles
               his
               younger
               B●other
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               Duke
               of
               Brabant
               .
               But
               this
               Donation
               little
               improved
               his
               Interest
               ,
               because
               the
               principal
               part
               of
               this
               ,
               and
               that
               Moiety
               of
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               Lorraine
               which
               obeyed
               the
               French
               ,
               was
               cut
               off
               by
               the
               Sucessful
               Sword
               of
               Otho
               the
               second
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               ,
               and
               annexed
               to
               the
               Empire
               .
               But
               this
               Otho
               considering
               that
               Charles
               above-said
               ,
               thus
               devested
               ,
               was
               his
               Cousin
               German
               ,
               as
               being
               Son
               to
               Lewis
               King
               of
               France
               surnamed
               the
               Transmarine
               ,
               who
               had
               Wedded
               Gerburg
               Sister
               to
               his
               Father
               Otho
               the
               first
               ,
               invested
               him
               in
               the
               great
               Dukedome
               of
               Lorraine
               ,
               which
               in
               spacious
               Latitude
               and
               extent
               of
               it
               circumscribed
               within
               its
               Precincts
               and
               perambulation
               ,
               
                 Lorrain
                 ,
                 Gulick
                 ,
                 Brabant
              
               ,
               which
               had
               then
               the
               Denomination
               of
               Basse
               or
               
                 Low
                 Lorrain
              
               ,
               and
               the
               Lands
               of
               Luick
               .
               But
               out
               of
               this
               spreading
               Patrimony
               thus
               enstated
               on
               Charles
               of
               
                 France
                 ,
                 Otho
              
               the
               second
               above-mentioned
               ,
               reserved
               out
               of
               it
               for
               his
               Aunt
               Gerburg
               Mother
               of
               the
               said
               Charles
               ,
               the
               Towns
               and
               Territories
               of
               
                 Lovain
                 ,
                 Bruxells
                 ,
                 Antwerpe
              
               ,
               and
               Nivelle
               as
               her
               Dower
               ;
               which
               with
               Reference
               to
               the
               Ancient
               Title
               ,
               he
               Honoured
               with
               the
               Dignity
               of
               Marquisate
               of
               the
               Holy
               Empire
               ,
               Ann●
               981.
               
               Gerburg
               the
               Sister
               ,
               and
               after
               the
               Death
               of
               Charles
               her
               Brother
               abovesaid
               without
               Issue
               ,
               succeeded
               in
               
                 Lovain
                 ,
                 Antwerpe
                 ,
                 Bruxells
              
               ,
               and
               Nivelle
               ;
               
               by
               a
               Right
               transmitted
               to
               her
               from
               her
               Grandmother
               the
               first
               Gerburg
               ,
               aswell
               as
               from
               him
               ,
               (
               though
               she
               had
               injuriously
               disseised
               of
               Lorrein
               and
               the
               Title
               to
               that
               large
               Demeasne
               by
               the
               Emperour
               Henry
               the
               second
               ,
               the
               Emperour
               )
               which
               Territories
               of
               Lovain
               and
               the
               rest
               above-mentioned
               ,
               she
               conveyed
               in
               Marriage
               to
               Lambert
               one
               of
               the
               Sons
               of
               Reigner
               Earl
               of
               Hainault
               ,
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               Earl
               of
               
                 Lovain
                 ,
                 Henry
              
               his
               Son
               reduced
               Antwerpe
               ,
               which
               it
               seems
               by
               an
               unjust
               Violence
               was
               detained
               from
               him
               ;
               and
               by
               this
               Atchievement
               obtained
               the
               whole
               Marquisate
               ,
               but
               still
               reserved
               the
               Title
               of
               Earl
               of
               
                 Lovain
                 .
                 Godfrey
              
               the
               sixth
               Earl
               ,
               having
               by
               several
               new
               Acquists
               much
               extended
               the
               Bounds
               and
               Marches
               of
               his
               Dominions
               ,
               was
               by
               the
               Emperour
               Henry
               the
               fifth
               ,
               to
               whom
               he
               was
               link'd
               in
               as
               near
               an
               Obligation
               of
               Affinity
               (
               having
               Matched
               with
               his
               Sister
               )
               as
               in
               Friendship
               ,
               in
               the
               Year
               1108
               ,
               Created
               the
               first
               Duke
               of
               Brabant
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               the
               Title
               flowed
               down
               with
               an
               undisturbed
               Channel
               to
               John
               the
               third
               of
               that
               Name
               Duke
               of
               Brabant
               ,
               by
               whose
               Daughter
               and
               Co-heir
               both
               the
               Title
               and
               Seignory
               was
               transported
               to
               Wenceslaus
               the
               first
               Duke
               of
               Luxenbourg
               ,
               by
               whom
               though
               she
               had
               no
               Issue
               ,
               yet
               on
               him
               and
               on
               his
               Posterity
               she
               enstated
               this
               Dutchy
               ,
               and
               Sigismund
               his
               second
               Son
               Duke
               of
               Luxenbourg
               setled
               it
               on
               Elizabeth
               his
               Neice
               ,
               Daughter
               to
               John
               Duke
               of
               Gorlitz
               in
               Lusatia
               ;
               and
               she
               by
               Matching
               with
               Anthony
               of
               Burgogne
               ,
               one
               of
               
               the
               younger
               Sons
               of
               Philip
               the
               Hardy
               ,
               annexed
               it
               to
               his
               Inheritance
               ;
               and
               being
               by
               this
               Alliance
               thus
               entitled
               to
               it
               ,
               it
               was
               transmitted
               to
               John
               the
               fourth
               Duke
               of
               Brabant
               ,
               who
               was
               eldest
               Son
               by
               his
               first
               Wife
               (
               for
               this
               his
               second
               deceased
               without
               Issue
               )
               Joan
               Daughter
               of
               Waleran
               Earl
               of
               
                 S.
                 Paul
              
               ;
               but
               he
               dying
               without
               Issue
               ,
               it
               devolved
               by
               Descent
               to
               his
               second
               Brother
               Philip
               ,
               who
               likewise
               expiring
               without
               Children
               ,
               Philip
               the
               Good
               Grandchild
               to
               Philip
               the
               Hardy
               ,
               Succeeded
               in
               this
               Dutchy
               as
               Heir
               to
               his
               two
               Kinsmen
               above
               mentioned
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               did
               the
               Clew
               of
               diverse
               Descents
               guide
               the
               Title
               down
               to
               Philip
               the
               second
               ,
               King
               of
               Spain
               ,
               and
               he
               lost
               a
               considerable
               proportion
               of
               it
               in
               the
               Fatal
               Defection
               of
               the
               Netherlands
               ,
               occasioned
               by
               the
               Bloody
               Impression
               made
               upon
               their
               Invaded
               and
               Injured
               Liberties
               by
               Ferdinand
               Duke
               of
               Alva
               ;
               though
               
                 Bruxells
                 ,
                 Antwerpe
                 ,
                 Machlin
              
               ,
               and
               other
               Important
               peices
               ,
               do
               yet
               confesse
               the
               Scepter
               and
               Dominion
               of
               Philip
               the
               fourth
               now
               King
               of
               Spain
               .
            
             
               The
               Seignory
               of
               Machlin
               consists
               onely
               of
               that
               City
               ,
               and
               some
               Eight
               or
               nine
               contiguous
               Villages
               ;
               The
               most
               eminent
               of
               the
               Villages
               is
               styled
               Liest
               or
               Hiest
               ,
               situated
               on
               the
               pleasant
               Knob
               of
               a
               swelling
               Hill
               ;
               the
               residue
               of
               the
               adjacent
               Villages
               confining
               on
               the
               foot
               thereof
               .
               Both
               Town
               and
               Villages
               were
               formerly
               enwraped
               in
               the
               Patrimony
               of
               the
               powerful
               Family
               of
               the
               Bertholts
               ;
               which
               Name
               expi●ing
               in
               the
               person
               
               of
               
                 Gualter
                 de
                 Bertholt
              
               ,
               slain
               in
               the
               Battel
               of
               Worancan
               by
               John
               Duke
               of
               Brabant
               ,
               one
               Moiety
               of
               it
               devolved
               to
               the
               Bishop
               of
               Leige
               ,
               who
               again
               conveyed
               it
               by
               Sale
               to
               John
               the
               second
               Duke
               of
               Brabant
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               proportion
               accrued
               to
               ......
               Duke
               of
               Gueldres
               ,
               and
               he
               in
               the
               Year
               1333.
               passed
               it
               away
               to
               
                 Lewis
                 de
                 Malain
              
               Earl
               of
               Flanders
               ,
               but
               he
               conveyed
               nothing
               away
               but
               a
               naked
               Title
               which
               was
               before
               denuded
               of
               its
               Revenue
               ,
               by
               the
               Successful
               Hand
               of
               John
               the
               third
               Duke
               of
               Brabant
               ,
               who
               tore
               it
               away
               to
               augment
               his
               own
               Estate
               ,
               since
               which
               this
               Seignory
               of
               Machlin
               with
               all
               its
               Perquisites
               and
               Appendages
               ,
               hath
               so
               constantly
               attended
               the
               Fate
               of
               Brabant
               and
               Flanders
               ,
               that
               it
               at
               this
               instant
               confesses
               the
               Interest
               of
               the
               Spanish
               Scepter
               .
            
             
               Limbourg
               hath
               on
               the
               East
               the
               Dukedome
               of
               Gulick
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               the
               Bishoprick
               of
               Leige
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               Brabant
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               the
               Dukedome
               of
               Luxenbourg
               .
               The
               ancient
               Inhabitants
               of
               this
               Track
               were
               the
               Eburones
               ;
               when
               it
               was
               first
               advanced
               to
               the
               Title
               of
               an
               Earldome
               ,
               the
               Light
               which
               should
               be
               Collected
               from
               Ancient
               Records
               is
               so
               dim
               and
               faint
               that
               it
               cannot
               conduct
               us
               to
               any
               clear
               and
               positive
               discovery
               ,
               onely
               it
               is
               probable
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               Originally
               a
               Limb
               of
               the
               great
               Earldome
               of
               Ardenne
               ,
               from
               which
               it
               was
               rent
               to
               institute
               and
               make
               up
               a
               Patrimonial
               Inheritance
               for
               some
               Cadet
               or
               younger
               Son
               ,
               as
               Namur
               and
               Luxenbourg
               were
               ,
               
               or
               snatched
               away
               by
               the
               Violent
               hand
               of
               some
               For
               aign
               pretender
               (
               as
               Gulick
               was
               ,
               when
               Godfrey
               and
               Baldwin
               Dukes
               of
               Lorrain
               ,
               the
               indisputable
               Heirs
               of
               ▪
               the
               House
               of
               Ardenne
               ,
               were
               engaged
               to
               a
               necessary
               absence
               by
               the
               Holy
               War.
               But
               when
               ,
               and
               by
               whom
               it
               was
               a●orned
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               an
               Earldome
               ,
               certain
               it
               is
               ,
               that
               of
               an
               Earldome
               it
               was
               erected
               to
               a
               Dukedome
               by
               the
               Emperour
               
                 Frederick
                 Barbarossa
                 ,
                 Anno
              
               1172.
               
               Henry
               one
               of
               the
               Dukes
               hereof
               ,
               Matched
               his
               Daughter
               Margaret
               to
               Godfrey
               the
               third
               Duke
               of
               Brabant
               ,
               which
               suggested
               to
               his
               Successors
               some
               specious
               Colour
               to
               pretend
               unto
               it
               ,
               supported
               with
               a
               Title
               of
               more
               Authority
               which
               came
               in
               to
               reinforce
               the
               former
               ,
               on
               the
               Decease
               of
               another
               Henry
               ,
               the
               last
               Duke
               of
               Limbourg
               ,
               whose
               next
               Heir
               Adolph
               conveyed
               it
               to
               
                 John
                 Duke
              
               ,
               who
               fortified
               his
               Claim
               and
               Title
               to
               it
               by
               a
               colourable
               Pretence
               and
               Right
               derived
               from
               the
               former
               Match
               Anno
               1293.
               
               But
               Reynald
               Earl
               of
               Guelders
               ,
               being
               blown
               up
               with
               an
               over-weening
               Conceit
               that
               his
               Title
               was
               established
               and
               erected
               on
               a
               better
               Foundation
               than
               that
               of
               Adolph
               ,
               in
               Right
               of
               Ermingrade
               his
               Wife
               ,
               Daughter
               to
               Herman
               a
               late
               Duke
               thereof
               ,
               cast
               in
               his
               Challenge
               to
               this
               Dukedome
               ,
               and
               attempted
               to
               evict
               the
               Title
               by
               the
               power
               of
               the
               Sword
               ,
               but
               this
               was
               ruinous
               and
               destructive
               to
               him
               ,
               for
               being
               subdued
               and
               made
               Captive
               by
               the
               said
               Duke
               John
               in
               the
               Battel
               of
               Worancan
               ,
               he
               was
               forced
               to
               redeem
               his
               Liberty
               by
               no
               lesse
               a
               price
               or
               Ransome
               than
               his
               
               total
               Release
               to
               all
               Title
               or
               Claim
               that
               he
               or
               his
               Successors
               might
               pretend
               to
               the
               Dukedome
               of
               Limbourg
               :
               after
               which
               it
               was
               so
               folded
               up
               in
               the
               Interest
               of
               the
               Dukes
               of
               Brabant
               ,
               that
               it
               came
               over
               with
               it
               to
               the
               House
               of
               Burgundy
               ;
               and
               from
               that
               again
               to
               own
               ever
               since
               the
               Dominion
               of
               the
               Spanish
               Monarchy
               .
            
          
           
             
               Guelders
               ,
               Zutphen
               ,
               and
               Groning
               .
            
             
               GUELDERLAND
               is
               shut
               in
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Cleve
               and
               the
               Earldome
               of
               Zutphen
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Holland
               and
               Utrecht
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               
                 Over
                 Issell
              
               and
               the
               Zuyder-Sea
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Brabant
               and
               the
               Land
               of
               Gulick
               .
            
             
               The
               ancient
               Inhabitants
               of
               Guelderland
               were
               the
               Menapii
               and
               Sicambri
               ,
               People
               very
               eminent
               in
               ancient
               Record
               for
               their
               Magnanimity
               and
               Courage
               .
               In
               Ages
               of
               a
               more
               modern
               Inscription
               ,
               these
               Sicambri
               mingled
               with
               the
               French
               ,
               and
               under
               that
               Name
               and
               notion
               were
               entitled
               to
               the
               spreading
               Empire
               of
               the
               West
               .
               In
               the
               partage
               thereof
               by
               the
               Posterity
               of
               Charles
               the
               Great
               ,
               this
               Province
               was
               knit
               to
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               Austrasia
               or
               East-France
               ;
               and
               afterwards
               
               being
               broken
               off
               was
               united
               to
               the
               German
               Empire
               .
               At
               the
               beginning
               of
               its
               Government
               the
               Publique
               Ast●i●s
               were
               swayed
               and
               weilded
               by
               some
               who
               enjoyed
               no
               other
               Title
               but
               Guardians
               and
               Protectors
               ,
               and
               were
               advanced
               to
               that
               Dignity
               by
               the
               People
               in
               the
               Raign
               of
               Charles
               the
               Bald
               ;
               the
               first
               who
               were
               embellished
               with
               this
               Title
               were
               Wickard
               and
               Leopold
               two
               Brethren
               ,
               who
               fixing
               their
               Chief
               Residence
               in
               the
               Castle
               of
               Guelders
               ,
               gave
               an
               occasion
               to
               future
               Ages
               to
               impose
               the
               Name
               of
               Gueld●rland
               on
               the
               whole
               Province
               ;
               but
               they
               and
               their
               Successors
               were
               supported
               by
               a
               Power
               of
               so
               narrow
               a
               circumscription
               ,
               that
               in
               effect
               their
               Office
               was
               but
               Provincial
               ,
               they
               themselves
               being
               accomptable
               to
               the
               Emperours
               how
               they
               managed
               the
               publique
               Concernments
               of
               this
               Province
               .
               The
               first
               Prince
               who
               disengaged
               from
               the
               Shackles
               of
               these
               Restraints
               ,
               was
               Otho
               of
               Nassaw
               ,
               who
               Matched
               with
               Aleida
               Daughter
               to
               Wickard
               the
               last
               Guardian
               ,
               and
               was
               by
               the
               Emperour
               Henry
               the
               third
               made
               the
               first
               Earl
               of
               Guelderland
               ;
               and
               under
               this
               Style
               and
               Title
               his
               Successors
               continued
               ,
               until
               the
               Emperour
               Lewis
               of
               Bavaria
               improved
               this
               Dignity
               in
               the
               person
               of
               Reynold
               the
               second
               ,
               to
               the
               Degree
               of
               a
               Duke
               ,
               about
               the
               Year
               1339.
               and
               from
               him
               did
               it
               descend
               to
               his
               Son
               Edward
               the
               Offspring
               of
               his
               second
               Wife
               Eleanor
               Daughter
               of
               Edward
               the
               third
               King
               of
               England
               ;
               and
               he
               deceasing
               without
               Issue
               ,
               Mary
               his
               Sister
               by
               Matching
               with
               
               William●arl
               ●arl
               of
               Gulick
               ,
               brought
               both
               the
               Patrimony
               and
               Ducal
               Crown
               of
               this
               Province
               to
               be
               possest
               b●
               him
               ,
               and
               his
               two
               Sons
               William
               and
               Reynold
               the
               fourth
               ,
               successively
               enjoyed
               it
               ;
               but
               they
               dying
               without
               Issue
               ,
               Arnold
               of
               Egmond
               Son
               of
               John
               Lord
               of
               Egmond
               and
               Mary
               his
               Wife
               ,
               Daughter
               of
               Joan
               the
               Sister
               of
               William
               and
               Raynold
               the
               two
               last
               Dukes
               ,
               as
               Heir
               General
               possest
               himself
               of
               Guelderland
               ;
               but
               in
               the
               declension
               of
               his
               Age
               ,
               being
               worried
               by
               his
               unnatural
               Son
               Adolph
               with
               War
               and
               Imprisonment
               ,
               he
               was
               in
               this
               agony
               supported
               by
               Charles
               the
               Warlike
               ,
               Duke
               of
               ●urgu●dy
               ,
               who
               rescued
               him
               from
               his
               Son
               ,
               and
               released
               him
               ●rom
               his
               Fetters
               ;
               and
               he
               to
               Ballance
               ●o
               signal
               a
               favour
               ,
               conveyed
               his
               Interest
               in
               Guelderland
               and
               Zutphen
               to
               this
               Duke
               ,
               which
               Contract
               was
               after
               much
               Contest
               and
               Effusion
               of
               Blood
               ratified
               to
               Charles
               the
               fifth
               ,
               by
               his
               second
               Son
               Arnold
               ,
               and
               accordingly
               the
               Provinces
               of
               Guelderland
               and
               Zutphen
               were
               by
               a
               voluntary
               Resignation
               surrendred
               to
               Charles
               the
               fifth
               ,
               and
               from
               him
               the
               Title
               devolved
               to
               his
               Son
               Phil●p
               the
               second
               ,
               King
               of
               Spain
               ,
               in
               whom
               it
               was
               lodged
               until
               the
               Barbarous
               Cruelty
               of
               the
               Duke
               of
               Alva
               engaged
               most
               of
               the
               Belgick
               Provinces
               to
               a
               Revolt
               or
               defection
               ,
               and
               the
               Prudential
               Conduct
               of
               Maurice
               Prince
               ,
               having
               much
               extended
               the
               Conquests
               of
               the
               Confederate
               States
               ,
               most
               of
               this
               Province
               was
               by
               his
               successful
               Atchievements
               annexed
               to
               their
               United
               Patrimony
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Zutphen
               .
            
             
               ZUTPHEN
               was
               anciently
               an
               Earldom
               of
               it self
               without
               any
               Connexion
               or
               dependance
               on
               the
               Fortune
               or
               Seignory
               of
               Guelderland
               ,
               and
               remained
               in
               this
               Capacity
               until
               it
               devolved
               to
               be
               the
               Patrimony
               of
               Wickman
               the
               last
               Earl
               ,
               who
               determined
               in
               Sophia
               his
               sole
               Daughter
               and
               Heir
               ,
               who
               by
               Matching
               with
               Otho
               first
               Earl
               of
               Guelderland
               ,
               fastned
               it
               to
               that
               Province
               ,
               annd
               so
               it
               continued
               after
               this
               ,
               subservient
               to
               the
               Command
               of
               the
               Successive
               Earls
               and
               Dukes
               ;
               and
               when
               Arnold
               the
               last
               Duke
               of
               Guelderland
               conveyed
               all
               his
               Interest
               to
               Charles
               the
               fifth
               ,
               this
               was
               wrapped
               up
               in
               the
               Purchase
               ,
               and
               remained
               under
               the
               Dominion
               of
               the
               Scepter
               of
               Spain
               ,
               until
               the
               Defection
               of
               Holland
               and
               other
               Provinces
               from
               that
               Crown
               ;
               and
               then
               about
               the
               Year
               1590.
               it
               was
               by
               Prince
               Maurice
               ,
               and
               the
               Army
               of
               the
               United
               States
               ,
               by
               Conquest
               torne
               from
               the
               Spanish
               Patrimony
               ,
               and
               hath
               ever
               since
               remained
               linked
               in
               Confederacy
               with
               those
               Combined
               Provinces
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Groining
               .
            
             
               GROINING
               ,
               both
               City
               and
               Province
               ,
               did
               in
               elder
               Times
               confesse
               no
               other
               Seignory
               but
               of
               that
               of
               the
               Bishop
               of
               Utrecht
               ,
               but
               he
               either
               by
               want
               of
               Power
               of
               Inadvertency
               ,
               being
               remisse
               in
               Asserting
               their
               Liberties
               against
               Forraign
               Eruptions
               ,
               they
               submitted
               to
               the
               Protection
               of
               the
               Dukes
               of
               Guelderland
               .
               But
               these
               Princes
               were
               disturbed
               in
               their
               new
               Acquists
               by
               the
               Dukes
               of
               Saxony
               ,
               who
               by
               a
               pretended
               Claim
               entitled
               themselves
               to
               the
               Propriety
               of
               it
               ,
               during
               which
               disorder
               and
               emotion
               it
               was
               surprized
               by
               Ezardus
               the
               Earl
               of
               East-Frizeland
               ,
               who
               about
               1514.
               conveyed
               his
               Usurped
               Interest
               here
               to
               the
               Duke
               of
               Guelders
               the
               just
               Proprietary
               of
               it
               .
               Afterwads
               they
               resigned
               themselves
               up
               ,
               with
               a
               Reservation
               of
               their
               ancient
               Liberties
               ,
               to
               Charles
               the
               fifth
               ;
               which
               being
               men●ced
               to
               be
               overwhelmed
               by
               the
               Fury
               of
               the
               Sp●niard
               ,
               they
               Combined
               1594.
               with
               Holland
               in
               ●●ion
               and
               remain
               yet
               wrapped
               up
               in
               that
               Confederacy
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Holland
               ,
               Zealand
               ,
               and
               Frizeland
               .
            
             
               HOLLAND
               hath
               on
               the
               East
               the
               
                 Zuyder-Sea
                 ,
                 Utrecht
              
               and
               some
               part
               of
               Guelderland
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               and
               North
               the
               German-Ocean
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               the
               Isles
               of
               Zealand
               ,
               and
               some
               part
               of
               Brabant
               .
            
             
               Zealand
               consists
               of
               Seven
               Islands
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Walcheren
                 ,
                 South
                 Beverlant
                 ,
                 North
                 Beverlant
                 ,
                 Wolfers-Dike
                 ,
                 Schowen
                 ,
                 Duvelant
              
               and
               Tertole●
               .
               It
               is
               divorced
               from
               Flanders
               by
               the
               Left
               Branch
               or
               Arm
               of
               the
               Scheld
               ;
               on
               the
               East
               it
               is
               divided
               from
               Brabant
               by
               the
               right
               Branch
               of
               the
               said
               River
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               it
               is
               separated
               from
               Holland
               by
               the
               Gulf
               called
               the
               Flack
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               West
               it
               is
               rent
               from
               England
               by
               the
               Ocean
               .
            
             
               West-Frizeland
               hath
               on
               the
               East
               the
               Land
               of
               Groining
               and
               a
               part
               of
               Westphalia
               ,
               on
               the
               South
               Over-Issell
               and
               the
               Zuyder-Sea
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               and
               West
               the
               main
               Ocean
               .
               The
               ancient
               Inhabitants
               of
               these
               three
               Provinces
               were
               the
               Batavi
               and
               Carinefates
               ,
               Inhabiting
               that
               Track
               of
               ●arth
               contracted
               almost
               into
               the
               circumambient
               embraces
               of
               the
               Rhine
               and
               Wael
               ,
               and
               which
               now
               
               circumscribes
               within
               its
               precincts
               and
               Verge
               
                 Holland
                 ,
                 Utrecht
              
               ,
               ●●d
               a
               part
               of
               the
               Dutchy
               of
               Guelders
               ;
               the
               Frisii
               who
               were
               entitled
               to
               the
               Possession
               of
               West-Frizeland
               ,
               and
               the
               Mattiaci
               who
               were
               planted
               in
               Zealand
               .
               But
               when
               the
               Ravage
               and
               Pyracies
               of
               the
               Normans
               had
               by
               many
               Bloody
               Onsets
               and
               Impressions
               acted
               such
               a
               Devastation
               here
               ,
               that
               these
               Provinces
               were
               almost
               dispeopled
               ;
               Charles
               the
               Bald
               to
               Thierry
               Son
               of
               Sigebert
               a
               Prince
               of
               Aquitane
               ;
               and
               the
               more
               to
               manage
               and
               improve
               his
               encreasing
               Hopes
               ,
               and
               enable
               him
               to
               protect
               these
               depopulated
               Countries
               ,
               he
               engraffed
               on
               him
               the
               Title
               of
               Earl
               ,
               with
               this
               Restriction
               annexed
               to
               the
               Donation
               ,
               that
               he
               and
               his
               Successors
               should
               own
               and
               confesse
               the
               Soveraignty
               of
               the
               Crown
               of
               France
               ,
               which
               was
               accordingly
               performed
               ,
               until
               it
               was
               by
               Arnulph
               the
               fourth
               Earl
               interrupted
               and
               discontinued
               ,
               who
               rendred
               himself
               Homager
               to
               the
               Empire
               ;
               and
               from
               this
               Thierre
               an
               undisturb'd
               Channel
               of
               Descent
               transported
               it
               down
               to
               John
               the
               Son
               of
               Florence
               the
               fifth
               ,
               who
               determining
               without
               Issue
               ,
               John
               of
               Avesnes
               Earl
               of
               Hainault
               ,
               in
               Right
               of
               the
               Marriage
               of
               his
               Father
               John
               of
               Avesnes
               Earl
               of
               Hainault
               ,
               and
               his
               Mother
               Aleide
               Sister
               and
               Heir
               of
               William
               the
               second
               Earl
               of
               Holland
               ,
               entered
               into
               the
               Possession
               of
               these
               Provinces
               as
               their
               Heir
               General
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               it
               was
               wafted
               down
               to
               his
               Grandchild
               William
               the
               fourth
               of
               that
               Name
               Earl
               of
               Holland
               ,
               and
               the
               second
               of
               
               Hainault
               ,
               who
               being
               slain
               in
               a
               War
               against
               the
               Frisons
               ,
               and
               leaving
               no
               Issue
               ,
               Margaret
               his
               Sister
               and
               Heir
               brought
               it
               to
               be
               possest
               by
               Lewis
               of
               Bavaria
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               ,
               after
               whose
               Decease
               she
               was
               forced
               to
               relinquish
               Holland
               to
               her
               second
               Son
               William
               ,
               and
               Hainault
               to
               her
               third
               Son
               Albert
               ;
               but
               Earl
               William
               ,
               the
               fifth
               above
               mentinoed
               ,
               deceasing
               without
               Issue
               ,
               Albert
               his
               Brother
               became
               entitled
               to
               the
               Earldoms
               of
               Holland
               and
               Hainault
               ,
               and
               had
               Issue
               William
               the
               sixth
               ,
               who
               by
               a
               Right
               transmitted
               to
               him
               from
               his
               Father
               ,
               wore
               the
               Coronet
               of
               Holland
               ;
               and
               in
               him
               this
               Family
               was
               entombed
               ,
               for
               he
               Deceasing
               without
               Issue
               Male
               ,
               Jaqueline
               his
               only
               Daughter
               became
               his
               heir
               ;
               but
               it
               seems
               she
               was
               condemned
               by
               nature
               to
               an
               inexpugnable
               barrenness
               ,
               for
               though
               she
               had
               three
               Husbands
               ,
               namely
               ,
               John
               the
               fourth
               Duke
               of
               Brabant
               ,
               from
               whom
               she
               was
               separaed
               by
               Divorce
               ,
               under
               pretext
               of
               Consanguinity
               ,
               Humfrey
               Duke
               of
               Gloucester
               ,
               and
               
                 John
                 de
                 Borselles
              
               ,
               a
               Gentleman
               of
               a
               private
               Orb
               ,
               yet
               the
               Annalls
               of
               Holland
               do
               assert
               that
               she
               had
               Children
               by
               neither
               ,
               so
               that
               wanting
               Posterity
               to
               inforce
               and
               propagate
               her
               Memory
               to
               succeeding
               Times
               ,
               she
               conveyed
               her
               Concernment
               in
               Holland
               and
               Hainault
               to
               Philip
               the
               Good
               ,
               Duke
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               Son
               of
               John
               Duke
               of
               Burgundy
               and
               of
               Margaret
               his
               Wife
               ,
               Sister
               to
               Earl
               William
               the
               sixth
               ,
               and
               Daughter
               of
               Albert
               above-mentioned
               ;
               from
               whom
               by
               the
               Traverses
               and
               steps
               of
               several
               Descents
               (
               the
               House
               of
               
                 Burgundy
                 ▪
              
               
               having
               by
               the
               Match
               of
               Joan
               the
               Heir
               of
               Ferdinand
               and
               Isabella
               ,
               fa●●ned
               and
               knit
               the
               House
               of
               Castile
               unto
               it self
               )
               the
               Propriety
               and
               Title
               of
               
                 Holland
                 ,
                 Zealand
              
               ,
               and
               Frizeland
               ,
               devolved
               to
               Philip
               the
               second
               King
               of
               Spain
               ,
               〈…〉
               Vice-Roy
               for
               the
               ●
               Provinces
               the
               Duke
               
                 〈…〉
                 va
              
               having
               by
               his
               prodigious
               Butcheries
               and
               ●●●cutions
               incited
               the
               People
               to
               a
               total
               Defection
               from
               the
               Crown
               of
               Spain
               ,
               they
               to
               Fortifie
               t●●m●●lves
               against
               the
               Bloody
               encroachments
               of
               the
               Spamard
               ,
               Chained
               their
               divided
               Interests
               together
               in
               one
               common
               Union
               and
               Co●s●●●●●cy
               ▪
               in
               which
               they
               continue
               linked
               at
               this
               instant
               .
            
          
           
             
               Utrecht
               .
            
             
               UTRECHT
               is
               chain'd
               in
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Guelderland
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               West
               ,
               North
               and
               South
               with
               Holland
               .
               The
               City
               of
               Utrecht
               was
               sometimes
               the
               Royal
               Residence
               of
               Radbold
               King
               of
               the
               Frizons
               ,
               after
               the
               Romans
               were
               dislodged
               ,
               who
               had
               long
               been
               plante
               ●here
               in
               those
               Cities
               and
               Seats
               ,
               they
               by
               an
               unjust
               Violence
               had
               torn
               from
               the
               
                 Bructeri
                 ,
                 Salii
              
               ,
               and
               Batavi
               ,
               who
               w●re
               the
               ancient
               Inhabitants
               ;
               but
               when
               Dagobere
               King
               of
               France
               had
               dissipated
               and
               broken
               the
               Strength
               of
               the
               Frizons
               ,
               he
               erected
               this
               Province
               
               into
               a
               Bishoprick
               ,
               and
               annexed
               unto
               it
               a
               Demeasn
               spreading
               and
               opulent
               ,
               the
               better
               to
               soment
               the
               increase
               of
               Christianity
               ,
               and
               improve
               the
               subsequent
               Dignity
               of
               it
               .
               The
               first
               Bishop
               whose
               Hand
               sustained
               the
               Crosier
               ,
               was
               Willibald
               an
               English-man
               ,
               who
               established
               Christianity
               ,
               and
               dispelled
               the
               Mists
               of
               Infidelity
               which
               had
               long
               over-shadowed
               these
               parts
               ;
               and
               his
               Successors
               multiplied
               it
               to
               that
               Grandeur
               and
               formidable
               Power
               ,
               that
               they
               asserted
               their
               Patrimony
               and
               Intetest
               in
               this
               Province
               about
               Nine
               hundred
               year●
               ,
               with
               much
               of
               Reputation
               and
               Courage
               against
               all
               the
               encroachments
               and
               unjust
               Incursions
               of
               the
               Invading
               Earls
               of
               Holland
               ,
               until
               it
               came
               to
               be
               possest
               by
               Henry
               of
               Bavaria
               Bishop
               hereof
               ,
               who
               being
               distressed
               by
               the
               Duke
               of
               Guelders
               ,
               and
               expulied
               out
               of
               Utrecht
               by
               his
               own
               mutinous
               and
               tumultuous
               Subjects
               about
               the
               Year
               1527.
               conveyed
               his
               Estate
               here
               to
               Charles
               the
               fifth
               ,
               and
               he
               procured
               an
               Investiture
               in
               it
               from
               the
               Estates
               of
               the
               Empire
               (
               it
               being
               an
               Imperial
               Fief
               ,
               and
               so
               not
               to
               be
               alienated
               or
               imbezelled
               without
               their
               License
               )
               not
               long
               after
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               did
               it
               devolve
               by
               Succession
               to
               his
               Son
               and
               Heir
               Philip
               the
               second
               ,
               who
               having
               lodged
               the
               Government
               of
               the
               Netherlands
               upon
               his
               Vicegerent
               
                 Ferdinand
                 de
                 Toledo
              
               ,
               Duke
               D'Alva
               ,
               this
               Duke
               by
               his
               Massacres
               and
               Assassinations
               ,
               having
               filled
               the
               Inhabitants
               with
               a
               universal
               Regret
               and
               Animosity
               ,
               this
               with
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Provinces
               ,
               by
               a
               pub●ique
               
               Revolt
               ,
               renounced
               and
               disclaimed
               all
               Alleigeance
               to
               the
               Crown
               of
               Spain
               ;
               and
               the
               better
               to
               secure
               their
               Liberties
               from
               the
               future
               Onsets
               of
               that
               Kingdome
               ,
               the
               People
               of
               this
               Province
               cemented
               themselves
               in
               a
               Confederate
               Union
               with
               those
               of
               Holland
               ,
               and
               continue
               at
               this
               day
               wound
               up
               in
               that
               first
               Combination
               .
            
          
           
             
               Cambray
               .
            
             
               THE
               City
               of
               Cambray
               with
               the
               Territory
               annexed
               ,
               was
               established
               and
               erected
               into
               a
               Bishoprick
               in
               the
               person
               of
               
                 St.
                 Diogenes
              
               by
               Birth
               a
               Grecian
               .
               In
               Times
               of
               a
               more
               recent
               Aspect
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               about
               the
               Year
               1562.
               it
               was
               advanced
               to
               the
               Dignity
               of
               an
               Arch-Bishoprick
               by
               Paul
               the
               fourth
               .
               It
               was
               made
               an
               Imperial
               Fief
               by
               the
               German
               Emperours
               ,
               and
               was
               given
               in
               protection
               by
               the
               Emperour
               Henry
               the
               fifth
               ,
               to
               Robert
               of
               Hierusalem
               Earl
               of
               Flanders
               ,
               which
               Patronage
               was
               ratified
               to
               the
               Successors
               of
               this
               Robert
               ,
               by
               the
               Indulgent
               Bounty
               of
               the
               Emperour
               
                 Frederick
                 Barbarossa
              
               about
               the
               Year
               1164.
               so
               that
               being
               under
               the
               constant
               Tuition
               of
               Flanders
               ,
               it
               was
               esteemed
               a
               Limb
               of
               that
               Province
               ,
               yet
               had
               the
               Bishops
               a
               separate
               Jurisdiction
               ,
               and
               were
               of
               that
               Eminence
               and
               Latitude
               of
               Power
               ,
               that
               the
               Bishop
               of
               Cambray
               was
               under
               the
               Repute
               
               and
               Notion
               of
               a
               Prince
               of
               the
               Empire
               .
               It
               was
               several
               times
               ,
               sometimes
               by
               Assault
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               by
               Stratagem
               ,
               forced
               to
               bow
               to
               the
               Dominion
               of
               the
               French
               ,
               who
               having
               disobliged
               the
               People
               by
               their
               disorders
               and
               irregular
               Exorbitances
               were
               expuls'd
               in
               the
               time
               of
               Lewis
               the
               eleventh
               ,
               and
               then
               it
               continued
               under
               the
               Character
               of
               a
               Free
               City
               &
               Province
               ,
               though
               shadow'd
               still
               with
               the
               Protection
               of
               Flanders
               ,
               until
               the
               Year
               1543.
               a
               Citadel
               was
               here
               established
               by
               Charles
               the
               fifth
               ,
               which
               could
               not
               rescue
               it
               from
               being
               surprized
               in
               a
               sudden
               Camisade
               by
               the
               Duke
               of
               Alenzon
               ,
               but
               being
               not
               long
               after
               retrived
               by
               the
               Courage
               and
               Virtue
               of
               the
               Spanish
               Arms
               ,
               it
               hath
               ever
               since
               remained
               annexed
               to
               the
               Patrimonial
               Inheritance
               of
               the
               Crowne
               of
               Spain
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Spanish
             Interest
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             SICILY
             is
             the
             first
             place
             in
             Italy
             which
             swells
             the
             Bulk
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Greatnesse
             ;
             and
             made
             its
             Interest
             so
             considerable
             to
             its
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             useful
             to
             its
             Friends
             in
             all
             its
             scattered
             Territories
             .
             It
             is
             environed
             with
             the
             Lower
             or
             Tyrrhenian
             Sea
             ,
             and
             contains
             Seven
             hundred
             Miles
             in
             Compasse
             ,
             and
             by
             elder
             Conjectures
             was
             supposed
             in
             Ages
             of
             a
             higher
             ●limax
             to
             have
             been
             united
             to
             Italy
             ,
             being
             then
             a
             Demy-Island
             or
             Peninsula
             ,
             such
             as
             Peloponnesus
             ,
             and
             joyned
             to
             the
             Continent
             by
             some
             narrow
             Isthmus
             .
             Indeed
             the
             Narrownesse
             of
             the
             Straight
             ,
             thr
             ●hallownesse
             of
             the
             Water
             in
             the
             Phare
             ,
             the
             Brittlenesse
             of
             the
             Shore
             on
             either
             side
             ,
             being
             full
             of
             Caves
             ,
             and
             Chinks
             ,
             wrought
             in
             it
             by
             the
             violent
             Onsets
             of
             the
             Sea
             ;
             and
             then
             the
             City
             Rhegium
             situated
             on
             the
             Cal●brian
             Coast
             ,
             and
             almost
             opposite
             to
             Messina
             ,
             which
             imports
             a
             Breach
             or
             Cutting
             off
             ,
             from
             the
             Greek
             word
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             which
             signifies
             to
             
               Break
               off
            
             ;
             do
             evince
             to
             us
             by
             probability
             of
             Circumstances
             ,
             that
             Sicily
             was
             one
             piece
             with
             the
             adjacent
             Continent
             ,
             until
             the
             violence
             of
             Earth-quakes
             ,
             and
             the
             impetuous
             Futy
             of
             the
             Waters
             and
             Waves
             did
             dislodge
             and
             consume
             the
             earth
             which
             tyed
             it
             to
             Italy
             .
          
           
           
             It
             was
             once
             called
             Trinacria
             ,
             because
             it
             extends
             it self
             into
             the
             Sea
             with
             three
             Capes
             or
             Promontories
             ,
             viz.
             1
             Pelorus
             now
             
               Capo
               de
               Foro.
            
             2
             Pachinus
             ,
             now
             
               Capo
               Passaro
            
             ,
             and
             Lilybaeum
             now
             
               Cape
               Boij
            
             ,
             or
             Coro
             .
             The
             first
             Inhabitants
             that
             History
             represents
             to
             us
             to
             have
             possest
             this
             Country
             ,
             are
             those
             vast
             Giants
             Recorded
             in
             the
             Odysses
             of
             Homer
             ,
             under
             the
             Appellation
             of
             the
             Laestrygones
             and
             Cyclops
             .
             These
             were
             afterwards
             supplanted
             and
             discarded
             by
             the
             Sicani
             ,
             a
             People
             of
             Spain
             ,
             who
             called
             it
             Sicania
             .
             But
             these
             new
             Invaders
             being
             not
             long
             after
             rooted
             out
             by
             the
             Siculi
             ,
             who
             were
             driven
             out
             of
             Latium
             by
             Evander
             and
             his
             Areadians
             ,
             and
             forced
             to
             seek
             new
             Habitations
             here
             ;
             it
             abandoned
             the
             Name
             of
             Sicania
             ,
             and
             assumed
             that
             of
             Sicily
             .
             At
             their
             first
             Landing
             they
             built
             the
             City
             of
             Zancle
             called
             afterwards
             Messana
             ,
             together
             with
             
               Ne●
               ,
               Hybla
               ,
               Catana
            
             ,
             and
             Leontium
             .
             After
             them
             came
             another
             Italian
             Colony
             styled
             the
             Morgetes
             ,
             being
             forced
             hither
             by
             the
             Oenotrians
             ,
             and
             fixed
             their
             Residence
             in
             that
             part
             of
             the
             Island
             where
             they
             erected
             the
             City
             Morgentum
             ,
             and
             adopted
             it
             into
             their
             own
             Surname
             .
             The
             first
             of
             the
             Greeks
             who
             Invaded
             it
             ,
             were
             the
             Chalcidians
             ,
             a
             People
             of
             the
             Isle
             of
             Euboea
             ,
             now
             called
             Negropont
             ,
             to
             whom
             the
             City
             of
             Naxos
             owed
             its
             first
             Foundation
             ;
             and
             after
             Archias
             of
             Corinth
             ,
             and
             his
             Retinue
             of
             Adventurers
             ,
             by
             whom
             Syracusa
             (
             Famous
             in
             elder
             Times
             for
             the
             Petalismus
             or
             Banishment
             of
             Citizens
             by
             
             having
             their
             Names
             writ
             in
             an
             Olive
             Leaf
             )
             was
             first
             built
             ,
             or
             else
             very
             much
             enlarged
             and
             adorned
             .
             Next
             them
             the
             Rhodians
             and
             Cr●tians
             sent
             some
             Colonies
             hither
             ,
             the
             first
             Founders
             of
             Gela
             ;
             and
             after
             ,
             of
             the
             so
             much
             Celebrated
             City
             of
             Agrigentum
             .
             And
             not
             long
             after
             ,
             a
             new
             Stock
             of
             Planters
             built
             Heraclia
             .
             The
             Citizens
             of
             Megaris
             ,
             another
             State
             of
             Greece
             ,
             transmitted
             a
             Colony
             also
             ,
             who
             built
             S●linus
             :
             And
             so
             did
             those
             of
             Messene
             or
             Mycena
             also
             ,
             who
             taking
             the
             Town
             of
             Zancle
             from
             the
             Siculi
             ,
             new
             beantified
             it
             ;
             and
             being
             thus
             repaired
             ,
             fixt
             on
             it
             the
             Name
             of
             Messana
             .
             Nor
             can
             we
             deem
             the
             Tyrians
             and
             Phaenicians
             ,
             such
             Noted
             Undertakers
             of
             Publique
             Businesse●
             ,
             would
             be
             so
             stupidly
             unactive
             not
             to
             attempt
             nothing
             ,
             when
             so
             rich
             and
             eminent
             a
             prey
             did
             invite
             their
             Industry
             ;
             for
             we
             find
             they
             attaqued
             the
             Promontories
             of
             Pachinus
             and
             Lilybaeum
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             the
             adjoyning
             Islands
             ,
             and
             Forti●ied
             them
             ,
             the
             better
             to
             secure
             and
             improve
             the
             Trade
             they
             had
             established
             in
             Sicily
             .
             But
             these
             several
             Colonies
             being
             broken
             into
             several
             Interests
             and
             Factions
             ,
             Combined
             not
             together
             in
             the
             Design
             of
             an
             absolute
             Conquest
             ,
             but
             planting
             themselves
             on
             the
             Shore
             ,
             did
             not
             discard
             the
             Name
             of
             the
             Island
             ,
             by
             which
             they
             found
             it
             distinguished
             upon
             their
             first
             Eruption
             .
             After
             this
             Island
             by
             these
             particular
             Onsets
             and
             Impressions
             ,
             fell
             under
             the
             Cognisance
             of
             the
             Greeks
             ,
             from
             all
             their
             principal
             Cities
             ,
             Colonies
             issued
             out
             ,
             who
             Inhabited
             
             the
             Sea-Coasts
             of
             the
             Country
             ;
             but
             so
             as
             they
             never
             Concentered
             in
             a
             Common
             Body
             ,
             but
             had
             their
             several
             ends
             and
             particular
             Interests
             ,
             whereby
             they
             came
             to
             be
             split
             into
             many
             Factions
             ,
             and
             sacrificed
             as
             a
             Prey
             to
             as
             many
             Tyrants
             .
             Phalaris
             over-ruling
             
               Agrigentum
               ,
               Panaetius
            
             at
             
               Leontium
               ,
               Gelon
            
             at
             
               Syracusa
               ,
               Cleander
            
             at
             Gela
             ;
             and
             when
             one
             Faction
             was
             too
             Impotent
             to
             obviate
             or
             resist
             the
             other
             ,
             they
             called
             in
             several
             Forraign
             Nations
             to
             support
             their
             Quarrel
             .
             For
             on
             this
             Foundation
             the
             Carthaginians
             were
             called
             in
             by
             the
             Messanians
             ,
             against
             the
             Agrigentines
             .
             And
             on
             the
             same
             Principle
             ,
             was
             managed
             the
             Peloponnesian
             War
             ,
             the
             Athenians
             Combining
             with
             the
             Leontines
             ,
             ●nd
             the
             Spartans
             with
             the
             Syracusans
             ,
             in
             which
             the
             whole
             Power
             of
             Athens
             was
             broken
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ,
             and
             their
             two
             Generals
             Nicias
             and
             Demosthenes
             offered
             up
             to
             an
             untimely
             and
             Bloody
             Fate
             in
             prison
             .
             But
             because
             Syracusa
             was
             a
             City
             of
             the
             most
             eminent
             Authority
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             greatest
             Influence
             over
             the
             rest
             ,
             the
             state
             and
             Affairs
             of
             that
             City
             are
             made
             more
             visible
             by
             History
             ,
             than
             those
             which
             have
             an
             Aspect
             upon
             the
             Towns
             or
             Communities
             of
             this
             Island
             .
             The
             Government
             at
             first
             was
             popular
             ,
             as
             it
             was
             in
             most
             of
             the
             Greek
             Colonies
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Platforms
             and
             Models
             they
             transported
             with
             them
             ,
             and
             was
             but
             newly
             transplanted
             into
             the
             Aristocratical
             when
             Gelon
             erected
             his
             Kingdome
             here
             ,
             about
             twenty
             years
             after
             the
             expulsion
             of
             
             Tarquins
             at
             Rome
             ,
             whom
             with
             as
             many
             Succeeded
             in
             the
             Royal
             Dignity
             ,
             take
             in
             this
             subsequent
             Register
             .
          
           
             
               A.
               M.
               3465.
               
            
             
               1.
               
               Gelon
               taking
               advantage
               of
               the
               Contests
               in
               Syracusa
               betwixt
               the
               Magistrates
               and
               People
               made
               himself
               Master
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               was
               Chosen
               King.
               7.
               
            
             
               A.
               M.
               3472.
               
            
             
               2.
               
               Hiero
               the
               first
               ,
               Valiant
               ,
               but
               rude
               and
               Covetous
               .
            
             
               A.
               M.
               3484.
               
            
             
               3.
               
               Thrasibulus
               Brother
               to
               Hiero
               ,
               whose
               Government
               was
               so
               Barbarous
               and
               Insupportable
               ,
               that
               he
               Swayed
               but
               ten
               Months
               .
            
             
               A.
               M.
               3544.
               
            
             
               4.
               
               Dionysius
               the
               so
               much
               Celebrated
               Tyrant
               ,
               who
               being
               General
               of
               the
               Syracusans
               ,
               made
               himself
               their
               King.
               A
               Man
               of
               great
               Vices
               ,
               and
               as
               eminent
               Vertues
               .
               38.
               
            
             
               A.
               M.
               3582.
               
            
             
               5.
               
               Dionysius
               the
               second
               Succeeded
               his
               Father
               in
               his
               Kingdome
               and
               his
               Vices
               ,
               but
               not
               in
               his
               Courage
               or
               Prudence
               ,
               being
               first
               supplanted
               by
               Dion
               a
               Gentleman
               of
               Syracusa
               ,
               and
               secondly
               ,
               vanquished
               and
               made
               Captive
               by
               Timoleon
               ,
               of
               Corinth
               .
            
             
               A.
               M.
               3635.
               
            
             
               6.
               
               Agathocles
               a
               Potter
               ,
               after
               a
               Souldier
               ,
               twenty
               years
               after
               the
               
               death
               of
               Timoleon
               ,
               made
               himself
               King
               of
               Syracusa
               .
               29.
               
            
             
               A.
               M.
               3681.
               
            
             
               7.
               
               Hiero
               the
               second
               ,
               of
               a
               Leader
               of
               their
               Armyes
               ,
               chosen
               King
               of
               Syracusa
               by
               a
               Party
               which
               he
               had
               pack'd
               amongst
               them
               .
               In
               his
               Time
               broke
               out
               the
               first
               Punick
               War
               ,
               the
               Romans
               being
               called
               in
               by
               the
               Mamertones
               ,
               who
               held
               Messana
               against
               the
               Carthaginians
               .
               56.
               
            
             
               A.
               M.
               3737.
               
            
             
               8.
               
               Hieronymus
               Son
               of
               Hiero
               ,
               after
               whose
               Decease
               all
               Sicily
               became
               subject
               to
               the
               Dominion
               of
               Rome
               ,
               by
               the
               successful
               Conduct
               of
               Marcellus
               .
            
          
           
             Being
             thus
             made
             Subservient
             to
             the
             Government
             of
             Rome
             ,
             it
             was
             wrapped
             up
             in
             the
             Fate
             of
             that
             City
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ;
             until
             in
             the
             partition
             ,
             ●f
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ,
             it
             was
             cast
             together
             with
             Apuglia
             and
             Calabria
             into
             the
             Power
             of
             the
             Greeks
             .
             In
             the
             Declension
             and
             wane
             of
             whose
             Greatnesse
             ,
             this
             Island
             having
             been
             miserably
             depopulated
             and
             harrassed
             by
             
               Constans
               ,
               Anno
            
             669.
             it
             became
             a
             prey
             to
             the
             Saracens
             ;
             from
             them
             rescued
             again
             by
             the
             Normans
             ;
             who
             held
             both
             this
             ,
             and
             the
             Realm
             of
             Naples
             in
             Fee
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             under
             the
             Title
             of
             Kings
             of
             both
             the
             Sicilyes
             .
             After
             that
             it
             fell
             under
             the
             Fortune
             of
             that
             Kingdome
             subject
             unto
             the
             Princes
             of
             the
             Norman
             and
             German
             Line
             ,
             until
             
             the
             Death
             of
             Conrade
             ,
             no
             discomposure
             or
             Interruption
             intervening
             .
             After
             whose
             Exit
             ,
             when
             Manfred
             Base
             Son
             of
             the
             Emperour
             Frederick
             ,
             and
             Brother
             of
             Conrade
             ,
             had
             by
             a
             forcible
             Intrusion
             entitled
             himself
             to
             the
             Crown
             and
             Scepter
             of
             this
             Island
             ,
             it
             was
             offered
             by
             the
             Pope
             (
             upon
             some
             Conditions
             knotted
             with
             many
             rugged
             difficulties
             )
             to
             Richard
             Earl
             of
             Cornwal
             Brother
             to
             Henry
             the
             third
             ;
             a
             man
             according
             to
             the
             Standard
             of
             those
             Times
             ,
             of
             a
             most
             important
             Revenue
             ;
             upon
             whose
             waving
             this
             motion
             ,
             it
             was
             again
             offered
             to
             his
             Nephew
             Edmund
             second
             Son
             to
             Henry
             the
             third
             ,
             who
             was
             espoused
             to
             this
             Royalty
             by
             a
             Ring
             ,
             and
             Mony
             Coyned
             in
             his
             Name
             by
             the
             Popes
             appointment
             ,
             with
             the
             Impresse
             and
             Inscription
             affixed
             to
             it
             of
             
               Edmundus
               Rex
               Siciliae
            
             .
             But
             Henry
             the
             third
             being
             not
             in
             any
             Capacity
             to
             pursue
             this
             Design
             ,
             the
             Civil
             Contests
             with
             his
             Barons
             having
             entangled
             him
             in
             more
             difficult
             Undertakings
             ,
             and
             the
             Pope
             having
             sufficiently
             by
             this
             Overture
             drained
             his
             Exchequer
             ,
             it
             was
             in
             the
             Year
             1261.
             given
             to
             Charles
             Earl
             of
             Provence
             and
             Anoju
             ,
             Brother
             to
             Lewis
             the
             tenth
             of
             France
             .
             To
             his
             Command
             this
             Island
             was
             subservient
             until
             the
             Year
             1281.
             in
             which
             his
             Competitor
             Peter
             of
             Arragon
             justled
             his
             Title
             by
             a
             new
             Claim
             ,
             emergent
             from
             his
             Wife
             the
             Daughter
             and
             Heir
             of
             Manfred
             above
             mentioned
             ;
             and
             for
             the
             clearer
             decision
             of
             the
             Title
             ,
             invited
             him
             to
             the
             Commencement
             of
             a
             Duel
             before
             King
             Edward
             
             the
             first
             of
             England
             ,
             at
             Bourdeaux
             ;
             which
             defiance
             he
             tacitly
             declining
             ,
             Peter
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             by
             dark
             Stratagems
             and
             black
             Contrivances
             ,
             wherein
             he
             was
             aided
             by
             
               John
               de
               Prochita
            
             a
             Gentleman
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Naples
             ,
             from
             whom
             Charles
             of
             Anjou
             had
             violently
             snatched
             the
             Island
             of
             Prochita
             ,
             upon
             a
             Summons
             received
             from
             a
             Toll
             of
             a
             Bell
             ,
             sounded
             ,
             as
             it
             was
             pretended
             ,
             to
             give
             an
             Alarum
             to
             Sicily
             of
             the
             approach
             and
             onset
             of
             some
             Invading
             Sarazens
             ,
             the
             French
             were
             Assassinated
             in
             this
             Island
             which
             massacre
             so
             firmly
             riveted
             the
             title
             into
             the
             House
             of
             Aragon
             ,
             that
             it
             still
             continues
             incorporated
             into
             the
             Interest
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             
               Sardinia
               .
            
             
               THE
               Island
               of
               Sardinia
               lyeth
               West
               from
               Sicily
               ,
               from
               the
               nearest
               point
               thereof
               it
               is
               distant
               about
               Two
               hundred
               miles
               .
               It
               is
               in
               length
               one
               Hundred
               and
               eighty
               ,
               Ninety
               in
               breadth
               ,
               and
               in
               Circuit
               Five
               hundred
               and
               sixty
               miles
               .
               In
               the
               Time
               of
               Aristotle
               it
               was
               called
               Ichnusa
               ,
               and
               next
               Sandaliota
               ,
               from
               the
               Resemblance
               of
               a
               Shooe-sole
               or
               the
               Impression
               of
               a
               Mans
               Foot
               on
               the
               Earth
               ;
               and
               finally
               ,
               Sardinia
               from
               Sardus
               the
               Son
               of
               Hercules
               ,
               who
               coming
               out
               of
               Africk
               entitled
               himself
               to
               the
               Possession
               .
               And
               that
               which
               more
               improves
               and
               fortifies
               this
               Narration
               is
               ,
               that
               the
               People
               in
               the
               Latine
               Tongue
               have
               still
               the
               Appellation
               of
               Sardi
               ,
               and
               the
               circumambient
               
               Sea
               the
               Denomination
               of
               
                 Mare
                 Sardoum
              
               .
               And
               to
               this
               Name
               it
               hath
               remained
               so
               constantly
               ever
               since
               espoused
               ,
               that
               no
               following
               Plantations
               were
               ever
               able
               to
               extinguish
               or
               divorce
               it
               .
               Some
               Companies
               of
               Attica
               were
               Conducted
               hither
               by
               Iolaus
               ,
               where
               they
               erected
               Olbion
               and
               Agrillis
               ;
               which
               Colonies
               ,
               to
               inforce
               and
               multiply
               the
               Memory
               of
               their
               Foundér
               ,
               assumed
               to
               themselves
               the
               Name
               of
               Iolatenses
               .
               And
               after
               the
               Ruine
               of
               Troy
               ,
               some
               of
               the
               broken
               Reliques
               of
               that
               scattered
               Nation
               came
               and
               planted
               in
               the
               void
               places
               of
               this
               Island
               ;
               whose
               Successours
               are
               mentioned
               by
               Livie
               and
               Pliny
               ,
               under
               the
               Denomination
               of
               the
               Ilienses
               .
               After
               these
               the
               Carthaginians
               by
               the
               nearnesse
               of
               their
               Habitation
               ,
               did
               attaque
               all
               Advantages
               to
               make
               ,
               as
               at
               last
               they
               did
               ,
               a
               full
               Conquest
               of
               it
               ;
               building
               therein
               the
               Cities
               of
               
                 Carmis
                 ,
                 Calaris
              
               ,
               and
               Sulchi
               ;
               and
               asserting
               their
               Title
               to
               it
               ,
               it
               was
               unjustly
               wrung
               from
               them
               by
               the
               Romans
               ,
               at
               the
               end
               of
               the
               first
               Punick
               War
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               Carthage
               was
               in
               hazzard
               to
               be
               Ruined
               by
               the
               defection
               of
               her
               own
               Mercenaries
               ,
               and
               so
               in
               no
               Capacity
               to
               resist
               .
            
             
               This
               Island
               being
               thus
               extorted
               from
               the
               Carthaginians
               by
               the
               
                 Romans
                 ▪
              
               was
               immediately
               under
               the
               Signory
               of
               the
               Praefect
               of
               Rome
               ;
               but
               after
               by
               Junsti●an
               ,
               it
               was
               incorporated
               into
               his
               New
               Dioce●s
               of
               Africk
               ,
               and
               as
               an
               Appendage
               to
               it
               ,
               was
               Claimed
               ,
               Invaded
               ,
               and
               Subdued
               by
               the
               
                 Sarazens
                 ,
                 Anno
              
               807.
               who
               destroyed
               Calaris
               ,
               subverted
               
               by
               Gracchus
               and
               the
               Romans
               ;
               and
               again
               in
               more
               setled
               Times
               re-established
               .
               But
               from
               them
               it
               was
               rescued
               by
               the
               Pisans
               ,
               (
               who
               re-edified
               Calari
               )
               and
               Genoese
               ,
               who
               made
               a
               partition
               of
               it
               betwixt
               them
               ;
               but
               the
               Genoese
               disgusted
               with
               their
               Portion
               ,
               as
               being
               lesse
               in
               Quantity
               ,
               and
               worse
               in
               Quality
               ,
               began
               to
               enter
               into
               Contest
               with
               the
               Pisans
               ,
               which
               at
               last
               ushered
               in
               an
               open
               War
               ,
               Anno
               1324.
               
               In
               which
               having
               worried
               themselves
               with
               mutual
               Contests
               ,
               Pope
               Boniface
               the
               eighth
               ,
               to
               appease
               their
               Animo●ties
               ,
               and
               supersede
               all
               Quarrel
               for
               the
               future
               ,
               by
               a
               new
               Donation
               enstated
               it
               on
               James
               the
               2d
               .
               King
               of
               Aragon
               ,
               who
               had
               entitled
               himself
               to
               it
               by
               a
               specious
               Claim
               before
               ,
               upon
               pretence
               that
               it
               was
               a
               Limb
               or
               Appendix
               to
               Sicily
               ,
               and
               wrapped
               up
               in
               the
               Patrimony
               of
               that
               Diadem
               ;
               and
               the
               more
               to
               fortifie
               his
               new
               Acquists
               ,
               obtained
               the
               Papal
               Concession
               to
               support
               and
               improve
               his
               Interest
               here
               ,
               which
               before
               appeared
               to
               be
               but
               infirm
               and
               crazie
               ;
               and
               being
               thus
               doubly
               guarded
               with
               his
               own
               Title
               and
               the
               Pope's
               Grant
               ,
               he
               after
               some
               signal
               Decisions
               of
               the
               Sword
               ,
               wholly
               supplanted
               both
               the
               Pisans
               and
               Genoese
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               Year
               1324.
               reduced
               this
               Island
               under
               the
               Dominion
               of
               the
               Aragonian
               Scepter
               .
               And
               from
               him
               hath
               the
               Propriety
               ever
               since
               been
               conducted
               down
               to
               his
               Successors
               in
               so
               uninterrupted
               a
               Channel
               ,
               that
               the
               Devolution
               and
               Traverses
               of
               many
               winding
               Descents
               hath
               at
               this
               instant
               brought
               it
               to
               confe●s
               the
               Empire
               and
               Seignory
               of
               Philip
               the
               fourth
               K.
               of
               Spain
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Naples
               .
            
             
               THE
               Kingdome
               of
               Naples
               is
               almost
               on
               every
               side
               circumscribed
               with
               the
               
                 Adriatick
                 ,
                 Ionian
              
               ,
               and
               Tuscan-Seas
               ,
               unlesse
               on
               the
               West
               ,
               where
               it
               is
               separated
               from
               the
               Lands
               of
               the
               Church
               ,
               by
               a
               small
               Neck
               of
               Land
               drawn
               from
               the
               Mouth
               of
               the
               River
               of
               Druentus
               ,
               to
               the
               Spring
               Head
               of
               Axofenus
               .
               It
               is
               divided
               into
               
                 Terra
                 di
                 Lavoro
                 ,
                 Abruzzo
                 ,
                 Apulia
                 ,
                 Terra
                 de
                 Otranto
                 ,
                 Calabria-Inferior
                 ,
                 Calabria-Superior
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               Isles
               of
               Naples
               .
            
             
               
                 Terra
                 di
                 Lavoro
              
               was
               Anciently
               called
               Campania
               ,
               and
               extracted
               this
               Surname
               from
               the
               Campani
               ,
               who
               with
               the
               Oscani
               ,
               who
               were
               invested
               in
               Possessions
               about
               Capua
               ,
               in
               Ages
               of
               a
               very
               old
               Inscription
               style●
               Osca
               ,
               were
               the
               ancient
               Inhabitants
               of
               it
               .
               Abruzzo
               ,
               in
               Latine
               styled
               Aprutium
               ,
               was
               the
               Residence
               or
               Territory
               of
               the
               Picentes
               and
               the
               Samnites
               ;
               the
               last
               of
               which
               were
               subdivided
               into
               the
               
                 ●erentani
                 ,
                 Arpinates
                 ,
                 Caraceni
                 Praecatini
                 ,
                 Peligni
                 ,
                 Vestini
                 ,
                 Hirpini
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               Samnites
               ,
               properly
               so
               called
               .
               
                 Terra
                 di
                 Otranto
              
               was
               in
               elder
               Times
               Peopled
               by
               the
               
                 Salentini
                 ,
                 Iapyges
              
               ,
               and
               Messapiani
               ;
               and
               from
               hence
               in
               the
               Records
               and
               Monuments
               of
               Antiquity
               ,
               it
               is
               exhibited
               to
               Posterity
               under
               
               the
               Names
               of
               
                 Salentina
                 ,
                 Iapygia
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Messapia
                 .
                 Calabria-Inferior
              
               and
               Superior
               ,
               were
               both
               originally
               that
               Track
               of
               Earth
               which
               was
               postest
               by
               the
               
                 Calabri
                 ,
                 Tarentini
                 ,
                 Lucani
                 ,
                 ●rutij
                 ,
              
               and
               some
               sprincklings
               of
               the
               Liburni
               ,
               a
               People
               devoted
               by
               the
               Romans
               to
               the
               sustaining
               of
               Burdens
               &
               other
               servile
               employments
               ;
               and
               this
               I
               believe
               was
               done
               by
               such
               cheap
               and
               contemptible
               undertakings
               to
               extinguish
               in
               them
               all
               thoughts
               which
               might
               egg
               them
               on
               to
               a
               Recovery
               of
               that
               Liberty
               which
               the
               Sword
               of
               the
               Romans
               had
               lopped
               off
               ;
               for
               these
               ,
               the
               Calabri
               and
               Tarentini
               were
               the
               last
               (
               not
               without
               many
               signal
               and
               solemn
               strugglings
               )
               who
               prostrated
               themselves
               as
               a
               prey
               to
               the
               Victorious
               Tallons
               of
               the
               Roman
               Eagle
               .
            
             
               This
               Kingdom
               of
               Naples
               hath
               been
               whirled
               about
               with
               so
               many
               Revolutions
               ,
               that
               the
               Inhabitants
               of
               any
               Region
               have
               not
               been
               obnoxious
               to
               more
               Vicissitudes
               and
               Mutations
               than
               the
               Possessors
               of
               these
               Provinces
               have
               been
               .
               For
               1.
               the
               Grecians
               entered
               and
               scattered
               here
               their
               particular
               Colonies
               of
               Achaians
               and
               Spartans
               ,
               which
               obliged
               Antiquity
               to
               give
               the
               Name
               of
               
                 Magna
                 Graecia
              
               to
               Calabria
               ;
               in
               which
               Track
               they
               erected
               Locris
               ,
               so
               eminent
               in
               old
               Records
               for
               Zeleucus
               the
               Law-giver
               ,
               and
               his
               Laws
               and
               Institutions
               ,
               and
               Eunomus
               the
               Musician
               .
               2.
               
               Tarentum
               ,
               which
               contributes
               a
               Name
               to
               that
               Capacious
               Bay
               called
               
                 Sinus
                 Tarentinus
              
               .
               3.
               
               Crotona
               ,
               whose
               Inhabitants
               were
               anciently
               so
               active
               
               in
               the
               Olympick
               Games
               .
               4.
               
               Amycle
               ,
               a
               Town
               whose
               Inhabitants
               were
               made
               up
               in
               elder
               Times
               of
               the
               Pythagoreans
               ,
               a
               Sect
               which
               by
               the
               Institutions
               and
               Rules
               of
               their
               Order
               ,
               devoted
               themselves
               to
               Silence
               .
               5.
               
               Sybaris●o
               ●o
               infamous
               in
               Story
               for
               their
               Softnesse
               and
               Effeminacy
               ,
               having
               melted
               themselves
               into
               so
               much
               Ease
               and
               Luxury
               ,
               that
               they
               expulsed
               all
               Smiths
               and
               Brasiers
               into
               Exile
               ▪
               because
               by
               the
               Noise
               of
               their
               Bellows
               and
               Hammers
               ,
               they
               might
               make
               an
               Invasion
               on
               their
               Repose
               and
               Slumber
               ,
               and
               entertained
               with
               unusual
               Caresses
               ,
               Musicians
               ,
               Fidlers
               ,
               because
               they
               improved
               their
               Sleep
               and
               Excesse
               .
               And
               6.
               they
               here
               erected
               Rhegium
               ,
               which
               Name
               they
               fixed
               upon
               it
               from
               the
               Word
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               ,
               which
               signifies
               to
               break
               or
               tear
               asunder
               ;
               this
               City
               being
               separated
               or
               torn
               off
               from
               Sicily
               ,
               by
               that
               Straight
               of
               Sea
               which
               they
               style
               the
               Faro
               of
               Messina
               .
               In
               
                 Terra
                 di
                 Lavoro
              
               they
               erected
               Parth●nope
               ,
               now
               called
               
                 Naples
                 ,
                 Osca
              
               now
               named
               
                 Capua
                 ,
                 Cuma
              
               and
               Sinuessa
               now
               called
               Sessa
               .
               In
               Abruzzo
               they
               established
               Arpinum
               .
               In
               Apulia
               Anciently
               by
               the
               Grecia●s
               called
               Daunia
               ,
               they
               founded
               
                 Luceria
                 ,
                 Asculum
              
               sometimes
               styled
               
                 Asculum
                 Satrianum
              
               ,
               and
               Argyripa
               the
               
                 Argos
                 Hirpium
              
               ,
               of
               the
               ancients
               ,
               and
               contracted
               by
               use
               and
               depravation
               of
               Dialect
               into
               Agyripa
               ,
               which
               as
               Antiquity
               asserts
               and
               intimates
               ,
               was
               erected
               into
               the
               shape
               and
               model
               of
               a
               City
               by
               Diomedes
               ,
               and
               a
               Colony
               transmitted
               from
               Etolia
               .
               In
               
                 Terra
                 di
                 Otranto
              
               
               they
               established
               
                 Brundufium
                 ,
                 Hydruntum
              
               ,
               and
               as
               some
               affirm
               (
               but
               upon
               what
               grounds
               I
               know
               not
               )
               Gallipolis
               likewise
               ;
               but
               though
               Naples
               were
               thus
               strengthened
               with
               Colonies
               ,
               and
               knotted
               with
               Cities
               ,
               yet
               this
               could
               not
               so
               secure
               her
               from
               Forraign
               Eruptions
               ,
               but
               that
               she
               bowed
               her
               Head
               ;
               and
               partly
               by
               a
               voluntary
               Resignation
               ,
               and
               partly
               by
               Conquest
               ,
               gave
               her self
               up
               to
               be
               made
               part
               of
               that
               Patrimony
               which
               improved
               the
               Roman
               Grandeur
               ;
               and
               after
               it
               had
               for
               some
               years
               submitted
               to
               the
               Dominion
               of
               Rome
               ,
               as
               it
               was
               first
               a
               Common
               wealth
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               the
               Seat
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               it
               was
               rent
               off
               from
               that
               Great
               Body
               by
               the
               Goths
               ,
               under
               whose
               Tyranny
               it
               had
               not
               long
               lain
               gasping
               ,
               but
               it
               was
               forced
               to
               surrender
               it self
               to
               the
               Jurisdiction
               of
               the
               Lombards
               ,
               who
               by
               their
               frequent
               and
               happy
               Inroads
               disseised
               the
               Goths
               of
               their
               new
               Acquists
               ;
               but
               their
               Conquests
               were
               not
               fixed
               or
               permanent
               ,
               for
               their
               Foundation
               being
               Cimented
               with
               Blood
               ,
               was
               infirm
               and
               slippery
               ,
               being
               after
               some
               assaults
               made
               upon
               it
               by
               Charles
               the
               Great
               ,
               forced
               to
               bow
               to
               his
               Scepter
               :
               But
               to
               winde
               up
               all
               Controversie
               for
               the
               future
               ,
               and
               to
               entomb
               all
               emergent
               Differences
               in
               an
               amicable
               Pacification
               ,
               this
               Charles
               about
               the
               Year
               803.
               made
               an
               equal
               and
               indifferent
               partage
               between
               Nicephorus
               then
               Emperour
               of
               the
               East
               ,
               and
               himself
               as
               Emperour
               of
               the
               West
               ;
               the
               Limits
               of
               which
               Division
               was
               the
               River
               Liris
               now
               Cantigliano
               by
               Capua
               ,
               and
               the
               River
               Aufidus
               now
               
               Ofanto
               in
               Apulia
               .
               But
               this
               partage
               did
               not
               long
               continue
               without
               some
               Discomposure
               ;
               for
               ill
               Agents
               having
               fomen●ed
               some
               Differences
               between
               the
               Greeks
               and
               the
               Germans
               ,
               their
               private
               Animosities
               and
               Heats
               were
               at
               last
               blown
               up
               into
               the
               publique
               Flame
               of
               War
               ,
               which
               did
               determine
               in
               the
               total
               expulsion
               of
               the
               Germans
               out
               of
               Naples
               ;
               yet
               this
               was
               not
               acted
               without
               the
               Concurrent
               Supply
               of
               the
               Sarazens
               ,
               Enemies
               to
               them
               both
               ;
               who
               discovering
               the
               weaknesse
               of
               the
               Greeks
               in
               being
               invited
               in
               to
               supplant
               the
               Germans
               ,
               Invaded
               those
               who
               had
               called
               them
               in
               ;
               and
               thus
               was
               this
               unhappy
               Kingdome
               for
               several
               Ages
               made
               the
               sad
               Stage
               where
               the
               
                 Latines
                 ,
                 Greeks
              
               ,
               and
               Sarazens
               ,
               acted
               their
               Bloody
               Tragedies
               .
               But
               in
               fine
               ,
               the
               Greeks
               being
               wasted
               with
               frequent
               Conflicts
               ,
               and
               almost
               sinking
               under
               the
               weight
               of
               a
               Forraign
               Conquest
               ,
               they
               having
               evapourated
               their
               noblest
               &
               most
               active
               spirits
               at
               those
               wounds
               the
               Swords
               of
               these
               Infidels
               had
               inflicted
               on
               them
               ,
               were
               supported
               in
               this
               their
               Agony
               by
               Forty
               Norman
               Gentlemen
               ,
               who
               about
               the
               Year
               1000.
               returning
               from
               a
               Pilgrimage
               made
               into
               the
               Holy
               Land
               ,
               gave
               so
               noble
               and
               generous
               Assistance
               to
               the
               Afflicted
               Christians
               that
               they
               checked
               the
               Fortune
               of
               the
               Sarazens
               ,
               and
               intercepted
               the
               Current
               of
               their
               Victories
               ,
               which
               before
               like
               a
               Deluge
               menaced
               wholly
               to
               over-whelme
               the
               Christian
               ●nterest
               and
               Concernment
               in
               this
               Kingdome
               .
               But
               this
               gave
               the
               distressed
               Inhabitants
               but
               some
               dawning
               
               of
               better
               hopes
               ;
               the
               improvement
               of
               this
               Successe
               was
               left
               to
               the
               Valour
               and
               Conduct
               of
               one
               Drangot
               ,
               who
               having
               slain
               Repostel
               a
               Gentleman
               of
               Eminence
               ,
               in
               the
               presence
               of
               Robert
               Duke
               of
               Normandy
               ,
               Father
               to
               our
               William
               the
               Conquerour
               ,
               so
               disgusted
               his
               Allies
               and
               Relations
               ,
               that
               to
               decline
               the
               Tempest
               which
               menaced
               him
               ,
               he
               retired
               into
               this
               Kingdome
               for
               shelter
               ,
               and
               after
               many
               Conflicts
               commenced
               with
               the
               Sarazens
               ,
               by
               a
               Fortunate
               Managery
               of
               the
               Christian
               Quarrel
               ,
               he
               contracted
               their
               Power
               into
               narrower
               limits
               ;
               but
               being
               supplied
               with
               new
               Recruits
               the
               Sarazens
               not
               onely
               reinforced
               their
               Animosities
               but
               Hopes
               also
               ,
               until
               Tancred
               and
               his
               twelve
               Sons
               arriving
               out
               of
               Normandy
               with
               fresh
               Supplies
               ,
               after
               many
               signal
               encounters
               ,
               wholly
               supplanted
               the
               Interest
               that
               these
               Infidels
               had
               in
               Naples
               ;
               but
               though
               these
               Invaders
               were
               thus
               dissipated
               ,
               yet
               the
               Greeks
               remained
               dis-satisfied
               ,
               and
               gave
               new
               occasion
               of
               War
               and
               Trouble
               to
               these
               Norman
               Conquerours
               under
               the
               Command
               of
               Melorco
               Vicegerent
               of
               this
               Province
               under
               the
               Grecian
               Emperours
               ;
               but
               the
               Affairs
               of
               the
               Normans
               were
               so
               well
               swayed
               and
               ordered
               by
               the
               Care
               and
               Prudence
               of
               William
               Son
               to
               Tancred
               above
               mentioned
               ,
               that
               this
               new
               Emotion
               was
               extinguished
               by
               the
               Defeat
               of
               Melorco
               ,
               and
               the
               Troops
               marshall'd
               under
               his
               Conduct
               ;
               but
               this
               Discomfiture
               did
               not
               so
               totally
               dispel
               the
               Tempest
               ,
               but
               that
               there
               were
               new
               Clouds
               collected
               together
               ,
               to
               disorder
               
               and
               ecclipse
               the
               Glory
               of
               the
               Norman
               Conquests
               ;
               which
               in
               fine
               ,
               were
               so
               wholly
               dissipated
               ,
               by
               the
               active
               Courage
               of
               
                 Robert
                 Guiscard
              
               another
               of
               the
               Sons
               of
               Tancred
               ,
               that
               the
               Greeks
               being
               absolutely
               crush'd
               and
               subdu'd
               ,
               &
               the
               Reliques
               of
               the
               Sarazens
               extirpated
               &
               thrown
               out
               ,
               he
               justly
               merited
               in
               the
               Annals
               of
               succeeding
               Times
               the
               Title
               of
               the
               Conquerour
               of
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               Naples
               ;
               and
               he
               bequeathed
               this
               Province
               with
               all
               its
               Perquisits
               and
               Appendages
               to
               be
               enjoyed
               by
               his
               second
               Son
               
                 Robert
                 Guiscard
              
               Earl
               of
               Sicily
               ,
               who
               in
               the
               Year
               1125.
               by
               the
               Favour
               and
               Influence
               of
               Anacletus
               then
               Pope
               ,
               had
               the
               Title
               of
               King
               of
               Naples
               conferred
               upon
               him
               ,
               and
               his
               Son
               William
               received
               the
               Crown
               ,
               with
               this
               Restriction
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               hold
               this
               Diadem
               as
               a
               Donative
               from
               the
               Pope
               ,
               and
               in
               Homage
               of
               the
               See
               of
               Rome
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               Hands
               of
               his
               Successors
               did
               the
               Neapolitan
               Scepter
               remain
               fixed
               ,
               until
               it
               came
               to
               be
               weilded
               by
               William
               the
               second
               ,
               who
               upon
               his
               Decease
               left
               Constance
               his
               Daughter
               ,
               his
               onely
               Lawful
               Issue
               ,
               and
               Tancred
               his
               Natural
               Son
               ,
               the
               Issue
               of
               unlawful
               Embraces
               ;
               and
               he
               by
               the
               concurrence
               and
               support
               of
               his
               Faction
               ,
               so
               managed
               his
               Designs
               ,
               that
               he
               invested
               his
               Head
               with
               the
               Crown
               of
               Naples
               ,
               to
               the
               prejudice
               and
               Disherision
               of
               Constance
               the
               Lawful
               Heir
               ;
               but
               disdaining
               to
               acknowledge
               the
               Pope
               for
               Soveraign
               of
               the
               Fee
               ,
               the
               Pope
               to
               retaliate
               this
               Affront
               ,
               Matches
               Constance
               to
               Henry
               the
               sixth
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               ,
               and
               by
               
               opposing
               the
               Right
               of
               his
               Empresse
               to
               the
               distorted
               and
               Usurped
               Title
               of
               Tancred
               ,
               so
               crippled
               his
               Authority
               and
               Power
               ,
               that
               finally
               after
               many
               Contests
               and
               Bloody
               Decisions
               ,
               the
               Scepter
               of
               Naples
               came
               to
               be
               swayed
               by
               Henry
               the
               sixth
               abovesaid
               ;
               but
               his
               Successor
               Frederick
               the
               second
               embarquing
               in
               the
               former
               Contrast
               with
               the
               succeeding
               Popes
               in
               Relation
               to
               the
               Soveraignty
               of
               Naples
               ,
               disclaimed
               and
               renounced
               any
               Homage
               to
               the
               See
               of
               Rome
               ,
               which
               so
               inflamed
               that
               Bishop
               ,
               that
               he
               collected
               all
               supply
               that
               the
               Engins
               borrowed
               either
               from
               Strength
               or
               Art
               could
               contribute
               to
               vindicate
               his
               pretended
               Right
               to
               the
               Soveraignty
               of
               Naples
               ;
               yet
               was
               he
               thwarted
               in
               his
               endevours
               with
               such
               vigorous
               Opposition
               during
               the
               Government
               of
               Frederick
               the
               second
               abovesaid
               ,
               Conrade
               his
               Son
               ,
               Manfred
               his
               Natural
               Son
               ,
               and
               Conradine
               Grandchild
               to
               Frederick
               ,
               nothing
               was
               effected
               of
               Importance
               which
               might
               afford
               any
               support
               to
               the
               accomplishment
               of
               the
               Designs
               of
               the
               Popes
               for
               the
               time
               being
               :
               so
               that
               Pope
               Innocent
               the
               fourth
               ,
               to
               Fortifie
               his
               Attempts
               with
               Forraign
               Succour
               ,
               presented
               the
               Kingdom
               to
               
                 St.
                 Lewis
              
               King
               of
               France
               ;
               for
               his
               Brother
               Charles
               Count
               of
               Anjou
               and
               Provence
               ,
               who
               had
               the
               Repute
               of
               an
               excellent
               Souldier
               ,
               and
               an
               experienced
               Commander
               ;
               and
               about
               the
               Year
               1264.
               which
               was
               two
               years
               after
               Pope
               Urban
               the
               fourth
               invested
               him
               with
               it
               ;
               he
               to
               assert
               his
               Interest
               ,
               Commenced
               a
               War
               with
               Conradine
               
               King
               of
               Naples
               ,
               and
               having
               put
               his
               Title
               to
               the
               Umpirage
               of
               a
               Battel
               ,
               after
               a
               Bloody
               Debate
               ,
               took
               this
               Conradine
               Captive
               ;
               and
               made
               the
               forfeiture
               of
               his
               Head
               expiate
               its
               wearing
               that
               Diadem
               which
               the
               Popes
               Donation
               had
               before
               by
               a
               pretended
               Investiture
               entituled
               him
               to
               ;
               and
               having
               thus
               fixed
               the
               Scepter
               of
               Naples
               in
               his
               own
               Hand
               ,
               he
               left
               it
               to
               be
               swayed
               by
               his
               Son
               and
               Heir
               Charles
               the
               Lame
               ,
               who
               by
               Mary
               his
               Queen
               Inheritrix
               of
               Hungary
               had
               Issue
               ,
               Charles
               surnamed
               Martel
               ,
               who
               had
               his
               Mothers
               Kingdom
               assigned
               him
               for
               his
               Subsistence
               or
               Portion
               ;
               Lewis
               his
               second
               Son
               ,
               who
               assumed
               Holy
               Orders
               ,
               and
               Clowded
               all
               his
               earthly
               Glories
               in
               the
               Cowle
               of
               a
               Franeiscan
               Frier
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               was
               Bishop
               of
               
                 Thoulouse
                 ;
                 Robert
              
               his
               third
               Son
               ,
               was
               by
               the
               Munificence
               of
               his
               Father
               entitled
               to
               the
               Inheritance
               of
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               Naples
               .
               There
               were
               other
               Sons
               who
               had
               other
               Lands
               consigned
               them
               in
               Appennage
               for
               their
               future
               support
               and
               Alimony
               .
               Robert
               abovesaid
               ,
               had
               Issue
               Charles
               ,
               who
               dying
               without
               Issue
               Male
               in
               his
               Fathers
               life
               time
               ,
               left
               onely
               a
               Daughter
               and
               Heir
               called
               Joane
               ,
               who
               after
               the
               Decease
               of
               her
               Grandfather
               Robert
               ,
               came
               to
               Manage
               the
               Neapolitan
               Scepter
               ;
               and
               this
               is
               that
               Joane
               so
               Famously
               Infamous
               in
               the
               Annals
               of
               Naples
               ,
               for
               the
               probable
               Assassination
               of
               her
               first
               Husband
               Andrew
               ,
               and
               other
               wilde
               Disorders
               ,
               which
               have
               cast
               so
               dark
               a
               Tincture
               upon
               her
               Fame
               ,
               that
               though
               some
               have
               endevoured
               to
               wrap
               up
               her
               Guilt
               in
               a
               modest
               
               Covering
               ,
               yet
               the
               Blacknesse
               of
               her
               Life
               is
               visible
               by
               an
               indelible
               stain
               through
               all
               those
               Veils
               the
               Industry
               of
               Flattery
               attempts
               to
               fold
               it
               up
               in
               .
               But
               to
               proceed
               ;
               about
               the
               Expiration
               of
               the
               Raign
               of
               this
               Ioane
               ,
               which
               was
               about
               the
               Year
               1378.
               the
               Church
               of
               Rome
               was
               Disordered
               by
               a
               remarkable
               Schisme
               ;
               for
               Urban
               the
               sixth
               ,
               being
               made
               Pope
               ,
               the
               Violence
               of
               a
               predominant
               Faction
               ,
               a
               considerable
               part
               of
               the
               Conclave
               of
               Cardinals
               Elected
               Robert
               Cardinal
               of
               Geneva
               ,
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               Clement
               the
               seventh
               .
               Queen
               Joan
               being
               warped
               with
               Animosity
               against
               Urban
               ,
               who
               was
               born
               under
               her
               Dominion
               and
               Scepter
               ,
               made
               her self
               a
               Partisan
               in
               the
               Cause
               and
               Quarrel
               of
               his
               Adversary
               and
               Competitor
               Clement
               .
               Her
               Crime
               contracted
               from
               the
               Slaughter
               of
               her
               Husband
               Andrew
               ,
               had
               been
               long
               entombed
               in
               a
               Pacification
               transacted
               in
               her
               Favour
               by
               Pope
               Clement
               the
               sixth
               ,
               with
               Lewis
               the
               Great
               ,
               King
               of
               Hungary
               ,
               Brother
               to
               Andrew
               abovesaid
               .
               But
               Urban
               the
               sixth
               ,
               to
               recompense
               her
               for
               those
               Disservices
               with
               which
               she
               had
               disobliged
               him
               ,
               again
               raked
               into
               her
               Guilt
               ,
               and
               incensed
               Charles
               of
               Duras
               ,
               of
               the
               House
               of
               Hungary
               ,
               to
               expiate
               the
               former
               Murther
               by
               a
               just
               Revenge
               ;
               and
               this
               Prince
               ,
               inflamed
               by
               his
               Instigations
               ,
               came
               and
               Beseiged
               her
               in
               
                 Castello
                 del
                 Ovo
              
               ,
               and
               having
               reduced
               her
               ,
               and
               that
               Fortresse
               to
               his
               Discretion
               ,
               strangled
               her
               in
               or
               near
               that
               place
               where
               she
               had
               acted
               her
               Barbarous
               Parricide
               on
               her
               first
               Husband
               
               
                 Andrew
                 .
                 Charles
              
               of
               Duras
               having
               thus
               destroyed
               this
               Infamous
               Princesse
               seised
               on
               the
               Neapolitan
               Diadem
               ,
               which
               did
               not
               sit
               so
               fast
               on
               his
               Temples
               ,
               but
               that
               it
               was
               shaken
               by
               a
               Concurrent
               Title
               ,
               for
               Joan
               not
               long
               before
               her
               Death
               ,
               to
               fortifie
               her self
               agrinst
               the
               Designs
               of
               Pope
               Urban
               ,
               had
               adopted
               Lewis
               Duke
               of
               Anjou
               Brother
               to
               Ch●rles
               the
               fifth
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               for
               her
               Heir
               ;
               and
               he
               endevoured
               to
               vindicate
               and
               extort
               the
               Crown
               from
               Charles
               of
               Duras
               by
               Dint
               of
               Sword
               ;
               but
               the
               latter
               did
               so
               vigorously
               sustain
               all
               the
               Impressions
               of
               the
               House
               of
               Anjou
               ,
               that
               he
               not
               onely
               asserted
               and
               fixed
               the
               Right
               of
               the
               Crown
               to
               himself
               ,
               but
               likewise
               transmitted
               a
               peaceable
               Possession
               of
               it
               to
               his
               Successors
               ;
               which
               were
               ,
               first
               ,
               Ladislaus
               his
               Son
               and
               Heir
               ,
               who
               Deceased
               without
               Issue
               ,
               and
               Joan
               his
               onely
               Daughter
               and
               then
               Heir
               ,
               who
               upon
               the
               Death
               of
               Ladislaus
               ,
               ascended
               the
               Throne
               of
               Naples
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               Joan
               the
               second
               ;
               who
               for
               Disorders
               and
               irregular
               Excesses
               ,
               and
               holding
               a
               scandalous
               Familarity
               with
               one
               Caracciolo
               ,
               as
               likewise
               for
               her
               ill
               Administration
               of
               the
               publique
               Affairs
               ,
               was
               Degraded
               from
               the
               Regal
               Dignity
               by
               Pope
               Martin
               the
               fourth
               ,
               and
               Lewis
               of
               Anjou
               ,
               Grandchild
               to
               Lewis
               Duke
               of
               Anjou
               above
               mentioned
               ,
               named
               by
               him
               to
               wear
               the
               Diadem
               of
               Naples
               in
               her
               place
               ;
               but
               she
               disdaining
               to
               be
               thus
               devested
               ,
               to
               secure
               her self
               against
               the
               attempts
               and
               pretences
               of
               this
               Lewis
               ,
               Adopted
               Alfonsus
               King
               of
               Aragon
               and
               Sicily
               for
               her
               Heir
               ;
               but
               being
               a
               Woman
               of
               a
               volatile
               
               and
               inconstant
               Temper
               ,
               upon
               pretence
               of
               some
               ingrateful
               Affronts
               put
               upon
               her
               by
               Alfonsus
               abovesaid
               ,
               Cancelled
               her
               first
               Adoption
               ,
               and
               by
               a
               second
               Instrument
               declared
               Lewis
               the
               fourth
               Duke
               of
               Anjou
               ,
               Son
               to
               Lewis
               abovesaid
               ,
               for
               her
               Heir
               ;
               and
               this
               Lewis
               having
               wrung
               the
               Crown
               from
               the
               House
               of
               Aragon
               ,
               enjoyed
               it
               joyntly
               with
               this
               Queen
               Joan
               ,
               in
               a
               fixed
               serenity
               of
               Government
               for
               some
               years
               ;
               but
               dying
               without
               Issue
               before
               her
               ,
               she
               to
               preserve
               her self
               from
               the
               Eruptions
               of
               the
               Aragonian
               Faction
               ,
               Adopted
               Rene
               Duke
               of
               Anjou
               his
               Brother
               ,
               for
               her
               Heir
               ;
               and
               soon
               after
               she
               had
               declared
               and
               effected
               this
               ,
               she
               her self
               was
               disrob'd
               by
               Death
               of
               all
               Earthly
               Glory
               .
               But
               this
               Rene
               being
               then
               Captive
               with
               the
               Duke
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               was
               debarred
               from
               amassing
               those
               Forces
               together
               ,
               which
               might
               adjoust
               his
               Title
               to
               the
               Crown
               of
               Naples
               ;
               indeed
               his
               Dutchesse
               Elizabeth
               ,
               attempted
               to
               retrive
               it
               ,
               but
               being
               overlaid
               with
               the
               Faction
               and
               Force
               of
               Alfonsus
               ,
               She
               and
               the
               House
               of
               Anjou
               were
               utterly
               supplanted
               ,
               and
               Alfonsus
               upon
               a
               pretence
               extracted
               from
               the
               first
               Adoption
               of
               Joan
               ,
               which
               was
               supported
               by
               Conquest
               ,
               upon
               the
               Ruines
               of
               this
               Family
               ,
               step'd
               up
               to
               the
               Throne
               of
               Naples
               ;
               and
               he
               more
               to
               ennoble
               his
               Family
               by
               an
               Additional
               Augmentation
               of
               Revenue
               ,
               enstated
               this
               Kingdom
               on
               his
               Natural
               Son
               Ferdinand
               ,
               who
               being
               thus
               invested
               in
               it
               ,
               transmitted
               it
               to
               his
               Son
               Alfonsus
               the
               second
               ;
               and
               he
               had
               Issue
               Ferdinand
               the
               second
               ,
               who
               likewise
               
               wore
               the
               Diadem
               of
               Naples
               ;
               but
               a
               Tenure
               very
               volatile
               and
               unfixt
               attended
               the
               Soveraignty
               ,
               and
               made
               it
               rest
               but
               loosly
               on
               his
               Temples
               ;
               for
               Charles
               the
               eighth
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               Espousing
               the
               Title
               and
               Quarrel
               of
               the
               House
               of
               An●ou
               ,
               so
               vigorously
               supported
               their
               Interest
               ,
               that
               he
               supplanted
               this
               Ferdinand
               ,
               and
               forced
               him
               to
               abandon
               the
               Neapolitan
               Scepter
               ;
               but
               the
               French
               upon
               the
               Departure
               of
               Charles
               the
               eighth
               managing
               both
               the
               Civil
               and
               Military
               Affairs
               of
               this
               Kingdome
               with
               much
               Impetuousnesse
               and
               Inadvertency
               ,
               excited
               the
               Neapolitans
               to
               resent
               their
               sway
               and
               Government
               with
               so
               much
               Regret
               and
               Passion
               ,
               that
               Frederick
               Brother
               of
               Alfonsus
               the
               second
               ,
               regained
               it
               with
               as
               much
               Facility
               as
               his
               Nephew
               Ferdinand
               had
               cheaply
               lost
               it
               .
               But
               Lewis
               the
               twelfth
               ,
               Successor
               and
               Kinsman
               to
               Charles
               the
               eighth
               ,
               upon
               the
               Decease
               of
               this
               Charles
               (
               who
               dyed
               suddenly
               at
               Amboise
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               preparing
               for
               a
               second
               Eruption
               upon
               Naples
               )
               Collected
               a
               Powerful
               Army
               to
               vindicate
               his
               pretences
               and
               Title
               to
               that
               Kingdome
               ,
               so
               that
               Frederick
               finding
               himself
               too
               weak
               to
               sustain
               the
               weight
               of
               so
               mighty
               an
               Opposition
               ,
               threw
               himself
               into
               the
               Protection
               of
               Ferdinand
               King
               of
               Aragon
               and
               Castile
               ,
               who
               in
               stead
               of
               asserting
               his
               Interest
               against
               the
               Onsets
               of
               the
               French
               ,
               by
               an
               unworthy
               Compact
               with
               Lewis
               the
               twelfth
               ,
               disserted
               his
               Kinsman
               ,
               and
               had
               the
               Moiety
               of
               the
               Kingdome
               assigned
               him
               ,
               as
               the
               price
               of
               this
               Dereliction
               ;
               but
               not
               
               long
               after
               ,
               the
               French
               and
               Spaniard
               entering
               into
               Contention
               about
               the
               Bounds
               and
               Limits
               of
               the
               Lands
               divided
               ,
               their
               Animosities
               were
               improved
               to
               that
               heighth
               ,
               that
               they
               blazed
               out
               in
               the
               Flame
               of
               a
               publique
               War
               ;
               which
               was
               managed
               with
               that
               Vigor
               and
               Prudence
               by
               Gonsalvo
               the
               Spanish
               General
               ,
               that
               after
               many
               Encounters
               the
               French
               were
               wholly
               disseised
               ,
               and
               their
               Interest
               they
               had
               in
               this
               Kingdome
               extorted
               from
               them
               ;
               and
               though
               in
               Ages
               subsequent
               to
               this
               ,
               the
               French
               did
               not
               tamely
               abandon
               their
               pretended
               Concernment
               here
               ,
               but
               sought
               to
               retrive
               it
               by
               the
               Bloody
               Umpirage
               of
               the
               Sword
               ,
               yet
               were
               their
               Designs
               so
               ill
               managed
               ,
               and
               their
               Arms
               so
               unprosperous
               ,
               that
               their
               Disastrous
               successe
               did
               but
               more
               fasten
               the
               Crown
               and
               Scepter
               of
               Naples
               to
               that
               of
               Spain
               :
               to
               whose
               Diadem
               the
               Interest
               and
               Title
               of
               this
               Kingdom
               hath
               remained
               ever
               since
               so
               firmely
               linked
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               still
               united
               to
               the
               Hereditary
               Patrimony
               of
               Philip
               the
               fourth
               now
               King
               of
               Spain
               .
            
          
           
             
               Milan
               .
            
             
               MILAN
               is
               shut
               in
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Mantua
               and
               Parma
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Piemont
               and
               Switzerland
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               Province
               called
               
                 Marca
                 Anconitana
              
               ,
               and
               on
               
               the
               South
               with
               that
               Chain
               of
               Hills
               which
               is
               styled
               the
               Appenine
               .
            
             
               The
               Ancient
               Inhabitants
               were
               the
               Insubres
               ,
               the
               B●ji
               ,
               the
               Cenomani
               ,
               and
               the
               Senones
               ;
               who
               were
               after
               diverse
               signal
               Contentions
               devested
               of
               their
               Possessions
               by
               the
               Romans
               ,
               and
               forced
               to
               surrender
               themselves
               as
               Tributary
               to
               their
               Dominion
               and
               Seignory
               ;
               and
               in
               that
               Demeasn
               which
               supported
               Rome
               ,
               as
               it
               was
               first
               the
               Head
               of
               a
               spreading
               Common-wealth
               ,
               and
               then
               secondly
               ,
               the
               Metrapolis
               of
               a
               spacious
               Empire
               ,
               did
               this
               Province
               lie
               folded
               up
               ,
               until
               the
               Government
               of
               this
               Province
               came
               to
               be
               Managed
               by
               Augustulus
               ,
               the
               last
               of
               the
               Western
               Emperours
               ,
               who
               being
               subdued
               and
               his
               Forces
               broken
               by
               Odoacer
               King
               of
               the
               Heruli
               and
               Thuringians
               ,
               this
               Province
               became
               the
               Guerdon
               of
               his
               Triumphs
               ;
               but
               the
               Possession
               being
               thus
               atchieved
               by
               an
               unjust
               Invasion
               ,
               was
               not
               long
               after
               extorted
               and
               ravished
               away
               from
               them
               by
               Theodorick
               K.
               of
               the
               Go●hs
               ,
               about
               the
               Year
               495.
               but
               here
               the
               Title
               was
               as
               volatile
               and
               transient
               as
               formerly
               ;
               for
               Teyas
               his
               ●uccessor
               ,
               was
               about
               the
               Year
               567.
               vanquished
               by
               the
               un●ted
               Forces
               of
               Alboinus
               King
               of
               the
               Av●res
               ,
               invited
               out
               of
               Hungary
               ,
               and
               Narses
               General
               for
               the
               Emperour
               Justinian
               in
               Ita●y
               ;
               the
               Goths
               being
               thus
               disieised
               ,
               this
               Province
               was
               consigned
               to
               Alb●inus
               ,
               and
               his
               Troops
               by
               
                 Narses
                 ,
                 Anno
              
               568.
               as
               the
               price
               of
               his
               Successful
               Courage
               ,
               and
               meritorious
               Fidelity
               so
               visibly
               exhibited
               in
               the
               War
               commenced
               with
               
               the
               expulsed
               Goth
               ;
               and
               in
               himself
               and
               his
               Line
               ,
               did
               the
               Soveraignty
               of
               this
               Province
               ,
               by
               a
               Decursion
               and
               Series
               of
               Twenty
               three
               Kings
               remain
               uninterruptedly
               lodged
               ,
               until
               the
               Devolution
               of
               Descent
               brought
               the
               Scepter
               to
               be
               weilded
               by
               Desiderius
               ,
               who
               being
               about
               the
               Year
               774.
               
               Discomfited
               by
               Charles
               the
               Great
               ,
               this
               Kingdome
               sunk
               in
               his
               Ruines
               ;
               and
               was
               afterwards
               incorporated
               as
               a
               Province
               into
               the
               spreading
               Demeasne
               of
               that
               Victorious
               Monarch
               .
               After
               whose
               Raign
               this
               Province
               remained
               Imperial
               ,
               and
               was
               subservient
               still
               to
               those
               who
               had
               the
               Empire
               of
               the
               West
               .
               But
               when
               the
               House
               of
               Charle●aigue
               degenerated
               ,
               and
               suffered
               the
               Imperial
               Diadem
               to
               be
               ravished
               from
               their
               Heads
               after
               the
               Year
               900.
               an
               eager
               Dispute
               was
               managed
               by
               the
               Continuance
               of
               Fifty
               years
               ,
               betwixt
               the
               Italian
               and
               German
               Princes
               ,
               in
               relation
               to
               the
               Possession
               and
               Soveraignty
               of
               the
               Empire
               .
               In
               Fine
               ,
               the
               Germans
               prevailed
               in
               the
               person
               of
               Otho
               the
               first
               ,
               and
               his
               Successors
               having
               designed
               and
               fixed
               their
               Seat
               of
               Power
               and
               Government
               in
               the
               Empire
               ,
               they
               afterwards
               were
               entangled
               in
               several
               Contentions
               with
               the
               Papacy
               ,
               which
               so
               much
               retrenche●
               and
               contracted
               their
               Authority
               ,
               that
               their
               Power
               in
               Italy
               began
               sensibly
               to
               crumble
               away
               ,
               and
               a
               considerable
               part
               of
               Lombardy
               slipt
               out
               of
               their
               Dominion
               ;
               and
               some
               Seignories
               chose
               to
               themselves
               Italian
               Lords
               ,
               and
               some
               elected
               Liberty
               and
               a
               Popular
               Government
               .
               In
               these
               Confusions
               Milan
               and
               its
               
               Appendant
               Territory
               ,
               put
               it self
               under
               the
               Patronage
               and
               Protection
               of
               Otho
               its
               Arch-bishop
               ,
               Descended
               from
               the
               Viscounts
               of
               Angleria
               ,
               a
               place
               of
               a
               narrow
               Circuit
               in
               this
               Dutchy
               .
            
             
               But
               after
               his
               Decease
               
                 Matthew
                 Brothers
              
               ,
               Son
               to
               this
               Arch-Bishop
               ,
               was
               confirmed
               in
               the
               Government
               of
               Milan
               by
               Albert
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               ,
               but
               under
               no
               other
               Notion
               or
               Title
               than
               that
               narrow
               one
               ,
               onely
               of
               Commander
               ;
               (
               for
               still
               it
               seems
               the
               Skeleton
               of
               Soveraignty
               was
               deposited
               in
               the
               Hands
               of
               the
               Emperours
               ,
               though
               those
               Nerves
               and
               Muscles
               which
               should
               make
               it
               act
               vigourously
               ,
               and
               move
               regularly
               ,
               were
               rent
               off
               )
               and
               from
               him
               did
               the
               same
               Command
               devolve
               to
               his
               Son
               
                 Galeazzo
                 Visconti
              
               ,
               who
               because
               he
               exercised
               this
               Authority
               without
               the
               Approbation
               of
               Lewis
               of
               Bavaria
               the
               Emperour
               ,
               he
               was
               disseised
               of
               his
               Power
               and
               expulsed
               ;
               but
               his
               Son
               
                 Actio
                 Visconti
              
               was
               reinvested
               in
               that
               Command
               from
               which
               his
               Father
               had
               been
               dislodged
               by
               the
               same
               Lewis
               ;
               but
               after
               his
               Exit
               ,
               the
               same
               Command
               was
               successively
               Managed
               by
               his
               two
               Uncles
               Luchino
               and
               
                 John
                 Visconti
              
               ,
               younger
               Brothers
               to
               his
               F●ther
               Galeazzo
               ;
               and
               after
               their
               ●xtinction
               ,
               the
               Government
               of
               this
               State
               was
               dispensed
               and
               swayed
               by
               Galeazzo
               the
               second
               ,
               Son
               of
               Stephen
               ,
               who
               likewise
               was
               a
               younger
               Brother
               of
               these
               two
               ,
               but
               embellished
               with
               no
               other
               Title
               but
               that
               of
               Commander
               of
               Milan
               ;
               and
               here
               this
               Appellation
               expired
               with
               him
               ,
               and
               was
               entomb'd
               
               in
               his
               Urne
               ;
               for
               after
               his
               Decase
               ,
               
                 John
                 Galeazzo
                 Visconti
              
               Son
               of
               Galeazzo
               the
               first
               ,
               above-mentioned
               ,
               coming
               to
               graspe
               the
               Command
               of
               this
               Province
               ,
               by
               the
               Benefaction
               and
               Munificence
               of
               the
               Emperour
               Wenceslaus
               about
               the
               Year
               1395.
               as
               some
               compute
               ,
               or
               about
               the
               Year
               1397.
               as
               others
               calculate
               ,
               received
               his
               Investiture
               into
               the
               State
               of
               Milan
               ,
               with
               the
               more
               splendid
               Title
               of
               Duke
               ;
               which
               was
               successively
               enjoyed
               by
               his
               two
               Sons
               ,
               
                 John
                 Maria
              
               ,
               who
               in
               a
               popular
               Sedition
               fell
               an
               early
               Oblation
               to
               the
               Disorder
               and
               Fury
               of
               the
               Vulgar
               ;
               and
               
                 Philip
                 Maria
              
               ,
               who
               likewise
               made
               his
               Exit
               without
               Issue
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               Right
               of
               Inheritance
               was
               lodged
               in
               Valentina
               their
               Sister
               and
               Heir
               ,
               who
               about
               the
               Year
               1398.
               was
               Matched
               to
               Lewis
               Duke
               of
               Orleans
               ,
               Son
               to
               Charles
               the
               fifth
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               Contract
               of
               Matrimony
               ,
               it
               was
               manifested
               and
               declared
               ,
               that
               upon
               Defailance
               of
               the
               Masculine
               Line
               of
               Galeazzo
               ,
               the
               Children
               of
               Valentina
               should
               be
               invested
               in
               the
               Succession
               of
               this
               Dutchy
               ;
               notwithstanding
               ,
               this
               Clause
               had
               this
               emient
               Defect
               ,
               that
               this
               Dutchy
               being
               established
               a
               Masculine
               Fee
               ,
               Galeazzo
               could
               not
               make
               it
               Feminine
               without
               the
               Emperours
               Grant
               or
               License
               ,
               which
               was
               not
               demanded
               or
               required
               ,
               because
               the
               Empire
               was
               then
               vacant
               by
               the
               Degradation
               of
               Wenceslaus
               whom
               the
               Electors
               had
               devested
               and
               deposed
               because
               of
               his
               dull
               and
               sluggish
               Administration
               of
               the
               Affairs
               of
               the
               Empire
               ;
               but
               it
               is
               asserted
               by
               
               the
               French
               ,
               that
               Pope
               Benedict
               the
               thirteenth
               ,
               who
               then
               held
               his
               See
               at
               Avignon
               ,
               ratified
               and
               approved
               the
               above-mentioned
               Contract
               ,
               for
               that
               Right
               the
               Popes
               challenge
               in
               the
               Vacancy
               of
               the
               Empire
               .
               But
               this
               Succession
               falling
               in
               the
               Confusions
               of
               France
               under
               Charles
               the
               seventh
               ,
               when
               the
               two
               Sons
               of
               
                 Valentina
                 ,
                 Charles
              
               Duke
               of
               Orleans
               ,
               and
               John
               Count
               of
               Ango●lesme
               were
               Captive
               in
               England
               ,
               where
               the
               first
               continued
               twenty
               five
               years
               ,
               and
               the
               last
               almost
               thirty
               .
               It
               was
               a
               Design
               of
               not
               much
               difficulty
               for
               
                 Francis
                 Sforza
              
               (
               a
               man
               of
               a
               vigorous
               Resolution
               and
               a
               deep
               speculation
               )
               who
               had
               Wedded
               Bona
               Natural
               Daughter
               to
               
                 Philip
                 Maria
              
               ,
               the
               last
               Duke
               of
               Milan
               ,
               above-mentioned
               ;
               in
               that
               interval
               of
               Time
               ,
               and
               the
               Desolation
               of
               the
               House
               of
               Orleans
               ,
               to
               surprize
               and
               seize
               the
               Dutchy
               of
               Milan
               ,
               of
               which
               he
               had
               procured
               and
               obtained
               an
               Investiture
               of
               the
               Emperour
               Frederick
               the
               fourth
               .
               But
               this
               did
               not
               so
               supersede
               the
               int●insique
               Right
               of
               the
               House
               of
               Orleans
               ,
               but
               Lewis
               the
               twelfth
               coming
               to
               be
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               about
               the
               Year
               1498.
               so
               powerfully
               prosecuted
               his
               Right
               ,
               that
               he
               expulsed
               
                 Lodowick
                 Sforza
              
               (
               who
               h●d
               by
               a
               cla●destine
               Assassination
               destroyed
               his
               two
               Nephews
               ,
               the
               Sons
               of
               his
               Brother
               Francis
               abovesaid
               ,
               entrusted
               to
               his
               Guardianship
               and
               Protection
               ,
               and
               violently
               ravished
               away
               the
               Possession
               of
               this
               Dutchy
               )
               and
               having
               made
               him
               his
               Prisoner
               ,
               carried
               him
               into
               France
               ,
               where
               he
               dyed
               in
               Captivity
               in
               the
               
               Tower
               of
               
                 Loches
                 .
                 Lewis
              
               remaining
               thus
               Master
               of
               this
               Dutchy
               ,
               to
               secure
               his
               Claim
               and
               fortifie
               his
               Title
               ,
               he
               obtained
               two
               Investitures
               of
               the
               Emperour
               Maximilian
               ,
               the
               first
               in
               the
               Year
               1506.
               and
               the
               second
               in
               the
               Year
               1509.
               
               But
               this
               did
               not
               so
               support
               his
               Possession
               ,
               but
               that
               towards
               the
               latter
               end
               of
               his
               Government
               he
               was
               supplanted
               by
               
                 Maximilian
                 Sforza
              
               ,
               Son
               to
               Lodowick
               ,
               and
               the
               Concomitant
               Succours
               of
               the
               Suisse
               ,
               with
               the
               Consent
               of
               Maximilian
               the
               Emperour
               ,
               who
               was
               disgusted
               because
               Claude
               eldest
               Daughter
               to
               Lewis
               who
               had
               been
               promised
               to
               his
               Grandchild
               Charles
               ,
               was
               ●spoused
               to
               Francis
               ,
               afterwards
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               Francis
               the
               first
               ;
               which
               Francis
               after
               Decease
               of
               Lewis
               ,
               being
               emp●l'd
               with
               the
               Diadem
               of
               France
               ,
               so
               Successfully
               vindicated
               his
               Claim
               and
               Title
               ,
               that
               he
               regained
               this
               Dutchy
               ,
               and
               rendered
               Maximilian
               his
               Prisoner
               ,
               but
               he
               either
               neglected
               o●
               the
               d●dained
               to
               do
               Homage
               to
               the
               ●mperour
               for
               a
               new
               Investiture
               ;
               which
               Contempt
               of
               his
               ,
               Charles
               the
               fifth
               ,
               who
               succeeded
               his
               Grandfather
               Maximilian
               ,
               re
               ented
               with
               so
               much
               Regret
               ,
               that
               his
               Animosity
               against
               Francis
               grew
               inveterate
               and
               implacable
               ,
               which
               blazed
               out
               in
               the
               Flame
               of
               a
               Publique
               War
               ,
               in
               which
               Francis
               was
               made
               Captive
               at
               the
               Battel
               of
               P●via
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               transported
               and
               put
               under
               Restraint
               at
               Madrid
               ,
               and
               there
               remained
               until
               he
               purchased
               his
               Enfranchisement
               with
               a
               
               plenary
               Release
               and
               Surrender
               of
               his
               Right
               to
               this
               Dutchy
               into
               the
               Hands
               of
               Charles
               the
               fifth
               ,
               though
               the
               French
               affirm
               this
               could
               onely
               prejudice
               himself
               ,
               but
               not
               the
               Children
               of
               Claude
               his
               Queen
               ,
               who
               were
               entitled
               to
               a
               Right
               by
               Descent
               from
               their
               Mother
               ;
               and
               that
               this
               Concession
               of
               Madrid
               is
               null
               by
               the
               Fundamental
               Laws
               of
               France
               ,
               which
               will
               not
               permit
               the
               Alienation
               of
               the
               Soveraign
               Rights
               of
               the
               Crown
               without
               the
               Consent
               of
               the
               Estates
               General
               ;
               and
               they
               never
               ratified
               this
               Concession
               ;
               but
               the
               actual
               Possession
               of
               the
               Spaniard
               hath
               been
               more
               strong
               than
               these
               Pretences
               ,
               who
               have
               so
               secured
               their
               Interest
               in
               this
               Dutchy
               ,
               against
               all
               the
               Efforts
               and
               hostile
               Eruptions
               of
               the
               French
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               still
               wound
               up
               in
               the
               Patrimony
               of
               Philip
               the
               fourth
               King
               of
               Spain
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Spanish
             Interest
             in
             Siena
             .
          
           
             Siena
             .
          
           
             SIENA
             and
             its
             circumambient
             Territory
             is
             situated
             between
             the
             Estate
             of
             Pisa
             ,
             and
             the
             Patrimony
             of
             the
             Popes
             of
             Rome
             ,
             called
             the
             Demeasn
             of
             the
             Church
             .
             The
             City
             is
             by
             Antoninus
             in
             his
             Itinerary
             styled
             
               Sena
               Julia
            
             ,
             to
             distinguish
             it
             from
             another
             of
             that
             Name
             ,
             situated
             on
             the
             Margin
             or
             Fringes
             of
             the
             Adriatick
             Gulf
             ,
             and
             named
             
               Sena
               Gallica
            
             .
             It
             was
             as
             the
             Ancient
             Traditions
             of
             Italy
             testifie
             ,
             erected
             by
             Brennus
             ,
             who
             here
             ,
             as
             in
             some
             Infirmatory
             ,
             did
             deposite
             his
             Souldiers
             who
             were
             superannuated
             with
             Age
             ,
             or
             else
             almost
             crumbled
             away
             with
             Sicknesse
             .
             In
             Times
             of
             a
             more
             modern
             Aspect
             this
             Province
             was
             wholly
             devoted
             or
             offered
             up
             to
             the
             Interest
             of
             the
             Faction
             or
             Combination
             of
             the
             Gibellines
             or
             Imperial
             party
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             price
             was
             narrow
             and
             easie
             at
             which
             they
             enfranchis'd
             &
             purchased
             their
             liberty
             of
             the
             Emperour
             Rodolphus
             .
             After
             this
             City
             and
             Province
             came
             to
             confesse
             the
             Seignory
             and
             Scepter
             of
             the
             Spaniard
             ;
             but
             they
             had
             not
             been
             long
             resident
             in
             their
             new
             Acquists
             ,
             but
             they
             
             were
             disseised
             by
             the
             French
             ,
             but
             by
             the
             second
             Eruption
             of
             those
             Spanish
             they
             had
             not
             long
             before
             expulsed
             ,
             they
             were
             again
             rooted
             out
             and
             supplanted
             ;
             and
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             having
             thus
             rescued
             Siena
             from
             the
             yoke
             of
             the
             French
             ,
             conveyed
             all
             his
             Concernment
             in
             it
             to
             
               Cosmo
               de
               Medices
            
             Duke
             of
             Florence
             about
             the
             Year
             1558.
             but
             with
             this
             Retrenchment
             or
             limitation
             ,
             that
             the
             Dutchy
             of
             Siena
             it self
             should
             hold
             in
             Fee
             of
             the
             Crown
             of
             Spain
             ,
             and
             the
             Cities
             and
             Ports
             of
             
               Porto
               Hercol●
               ,
               Orbitillo
               ,
               Piombino
               ,
            
             and
             
               Porto
               Longone
            
             ,
             should
             be
             annexed
             to
             the
             Crown
             of
             Spain
             ,
             and
             remain
             as
             Limbs
             of
             the
             Patrimony
             of
             that
             Diadem
             for
             ever
             ;
             &
             though
             
               Porto
               Piombino
            
             and
             Longone
             were
             not
             many
             years
             since
             torne
             from
             the
             Spanish
             Scepter
             by
             the
             prosperous
             Arms
             of
             the
             French
             ,
             yet
             the
             Spanish
             discovering
             how
             Destructive
             and
             Ruinous
             it
             would
             be
             to
             their
             Affairs
             in
             Italy
             ,
             to
             suffer
             these
             new
             Intruders
             to
             be
             fixed
             in
             a
             constant
             Possession
             of
             them
             ,
             retrived
             them
             by
             Dint
             of
             the
             Sword
             ,
             and
             are
             at
             this
             instant
             entitled
             to
             the
             peaceable
             Possession
             of
             them
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Interest
             of
             the
             House
             of
             AUSTRIA
             in
             GERMANY
             .
          
           
             AUSTRIA
             properly
             so
             called
             ,
             hath
             on
             the
             East
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Hungary
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             Bavaria
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             B●●●●ia
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             Stiria
             or
             Stiermarck
             ,
             represented
             to
             us
             by
             the
             Dutch
             under
             the
             Denomination
             of
             Ost●●rick
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             the
             Eastern
             Kingdome
             ,
             this
             being
             the
             extreme
             Province
             of
             East-France
             ,
             or
             the
             Eastern
             Kingdom
             of
             the
             French
             ;
             in
             the
             rude
             and
             unpolished
             Latine
             of
             those
             Times
             styled
             Austrasia
             ,
             whence
             the
             modern
             Austria
             hath
             borrowed
             its
             Name
             and
             extraction
             .
          
           
             The
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             were
             the
             Quadi
             who
             were
             subdued
             by
             the
             Romans
             ;
             but
             these
             had
             scarcely
             advanced
             their
             Trophies
             upon
             the
             Ruines
             of
             this
             People
             ,
             but
             the
             Marcomanni
             improving
             their
             strength
             by
             a
             Confederate
             mixture
             with
             the
             Boij
             ,
             dislodged
             the
             Romans
             from
             their
             new
             Acquists
             ,
             and
             Conquered
             part
             of
             this
             Province
             ,
             and
             left
             the
             remainder
             to
             be
             offered
             up
             as
             a
             Sacrifice
             to
             the
             Victorious
             Sword
             of
             the
             Avares
             .
          
           
             But
             these
             Boij
             being
             subjugated
             by
             Clovis
             the
             
             Great
             ,
             and
             the
             Avares
             expulsed
             from
             Pannonia
             by
             Charlemaigne
             ,
             both
             this
             and
             that
             became
             incorporated
             into
             the
             French
             Empire
             ,
             until
             the
             subduing
             Pannonia
             by
             the
             Hungarians
             .
             To
             oppose
             whom
             ,
             and
             more
             vigorously
             to
             protect
             this
             Province
             in
             its
             Peace
             and
             Safety
             ,
             some
             under
             the
             Notion
             of
             Guardians
             or
             Lord
             Marchers
             ,
             were
             Deputed
             by
             the
             Kings
             and
             Emperours
             of
             Germany
             to
             have
             an
             Inspection
             into
             the
             Affairs
             of
             this
             Territory
             ;
             and
             more
             to
             reward
             and
             ennoble
             their
             Care
             ,
             they
             were
             adorned
             with
             the
             Title
             of
             Marquisses
             .
             At
             first
             Officiarie
             ,
             but
             at
             last
             Hereditary
             ;
             made
             so
             by
             the
             Emperour
             Henry
             the
             first
             ,
             who
             gave
             this
             Province
             Anno
             980.
             to
             one
             Leopold
             surnamed
             the
             Illustrious
             ,
             extracted
             from
             the
             House
             of
             Schwaben
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             descended
             Leopold
             the
             fourth
             Marquisse
             of
             Austria
             ,
             who
             dying
             without
             Issue
             ,
             Henry
             the
             second
             was
             not
             onely
             invested
             with
             the
             Estate
             ,
             but
             likewise
             with
             the
             Title
             of
             Marquisse
             of
             Austria
             ;
             but
             by
             the
             liberal
             Munificence
             of
             
               Frederick
               Barbarossa
            
             in
             the
             Year
             1158.
             was
             advanced
             to
             a
             higher
             Dignity
             and
             Created
             Duke
             of
             this
             Province
             by
             that
             Emperour
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             it
             came
             down
             to
             his
             Grandchild
             Leopold
             the
             fifth
             ,
             who
             surprized
             Richard
             the
             first
             ,
             in
             his
             Return
             from
             the
             Holy
             War
             ;
             and
             having
             made
             him
             his
             Captive
             ,
             obtained
             so
             plentiful
             a
             Ransome
             for
             his
             Redemption
             ,
             that
             with
             it
             he
             Purchased
             Stiermark
             and
             the
             Counties
             of
             Neobourg
             and
             Lintz
             ,
             and
             Circumscribed
             U●enna
             
             with
             a
             Wall
             ;
             and
             this
             Leopold
             had
             Issue
             Frederick
             the
             Warlike
             ,
             who
             for
             some
             Enterprises
             wherein
             he
             exhibited
             signal
             Testimonies
             of
             his
             Courage
             ,
             was
             made
             King
             of
             Austria
             by
             Frederick
             the
             second
             Emperour
             of
             Germany
             ;
             but
             he
             Deceasing
             without
             Issue
             ,
             Ottocarus
             Son
             of
             Wenceslaus
             King
             of
             Bohemia
             ,
             being
             fortified
             with
             a
             Right
             derived
             from
             Margaret
             Sister
             to
             this
             Frederick
             ,
             entered
             upon
             his
             newly
             established
             Monarchy
             ,
             adding
             thereto
             ,
             as
             an
             increase
             of
             Patrimony
             ,
             the
             Countries
             of
             Carinthia
             ,
             and
             Carniola
             ,
             which
             he
             had
             Purchased
             of
             Ulric
             the
             last
             Prince
             thereof
             ;
             but
             being
             Vanquished
             and
             Slain
             by
             Rodolphus
             of
             Hapsberg
             not
             long
             before
             advanced
             to
             the
             German
             Empire
             in
             the
             Year
             1246.
             he
             conferred
             the
             Possession
             of
             these
             large
             Acquists
             on
             his
             eldest
             Son
             Albert
             with
             the
             Title
             of
             Duke
             of
             Austria
             ,
             about
             the
             Year
             1298.
             
             But
             though
             these
             new
             Conquests
             were
             incorporated
             into
             the
             Demeasn
             of
             Albert
             ,
             by
             the
             successful
             Sword
             of
             his
             Father
             ,
             yet
             was
             their
             Title
             better
             secured
             and
             supported
             by
             Marriage
             ;
             for
             he
             Wedded
             Elizabeth
             Daughter
             of
             M●inard
             Earl
             of
             Tiroll
             and
             Elizabeth
             his
             Wife
             ,
             the
             Daughter
             of
             Gertrude
             ,
             who
             was
             Daughter
             to
             Henry
             Brother
             to
             Frederick
             the
             Warlike
             ;
             which
             Gertrude
             Matched
             with
             Hermanus
             Marquisse
             of
             Bad●n
             ,
             by
             whom
             she
             had
             Frederick
             Beheaded
             at
             Naples
             by
             Charles
             of
             Valois
             ,
             1268.
             
             And
             this
             Elizabeth
             abovesaid
             ,
             in
             whose
             Right
             Albert
             became
             entitled
             to
             
               Austria
               ,
               Tiroll
            
             ,
             and
             many
             
             other
             Opulent
             and
             considerable
             Possessions
             elsewhere
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             did
             this
             Dutchy
             by
             Descent
             devolve
             to
             Albert
             the
             sixth
             ,
             who
             (
             as
             some
             Records
             and
             Histories
             assert
             )
             assumed
             the
             Style
             of
             Arch-Duke
             ,
             about
             the
             Year
             1430.
             and
             much
             enhaunsed
             his
             Grandeur
             and
             Revenue
             by
             Matching
             with
             Elizabeth
             Heir
             of
             Sigismund
             King
             of
             Hungary
             and
             of
             Bohemia
             ,
             she
             adding
             those
             two
             Crowns
             to
             his
             Patrimony
             ;
             and
             he
             left
             Issue
             Ladislaus
             ,
             who
             Deceasing
             Childlesse
             ,
             Frederick
             the
             second
             ,
             being
             extracted
             from
             Leopold
             one
             of
             the
             Sons
             of
             Albert
             the
             third
             Duke
             of
             Austria
             surnamed
             the
             Short
             ,
             was
             by
             a
             Right
             flowing
             from
             him
             entitled
             to
             this
             Dukedome
             ;
             and
             he
             had
             Issue
             Maximilian
             the
             first
             ,
             from
             whom
             this
             Dutchy
             devolved
             successively
             to
             his
             two
             Grandchildren
             Charles
             the
             fifth
             ,
             and
             Ferdinand
             the
             first
             .
             The
             last
             of
             which
             had
             Issue
             Maximilian
             the
             second
             ;
             from
             whom
             the
             Title
             was
             conducted
             down
             to
             his
             two
             Sons
             Rodolph
             the
             third
             ,
             and
             Matthias
             ,
             who
             both
             Deceasing
             without
             Issue
             ,
             the
             Title
             was
             invested
             in
             their
             Kinsman
             Ferdinand
             the
             second
             Duke
             of
             Gratz
             ,
             Son
             of
             Charles
             Duke
             of
             Austria
             youngest
             Son
             of
             Ferdinand
             the
             first
             ;
             from
             whom
             it
             is
             transmitted
             to
             his
             Grandchild
             
               Leopold
               Ignatius
            
             ,
             the
             instant
             Emperour
             of
             Germany
             .
          
           
             Stiria
             or
             Stiermark
             ,
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             North
             with
             Austria
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Carinthia
             ,
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Hungary
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             Carinthia
             likewise
             .
             It
             was
             anciently
             possest
             by
             
             Inhabitants
             who
             fell
             under
             the
             Denomination
             of
             the
             Taurisci
             part
             of
             the
             Norici
             ,
             from
             whom
             it
             extracted
             the
             Appellation
             of
             Stiermark
             ;
             the
             Germans
             calling
             that
             a
             Stier
             which
             the
             Latines
             call
             Tauriscus
             ,
             or
             a
             little
             Bullock
             .
             From
             which
             Account
             it
             may
             be
             asserted
             that
             Stiermark
             was
             nothing
             Anciently
             ,
             but
             the
             Borders
             or
             Marches
             of
             the
             Taurisci
             ,
             being
             the
             utmost
             Limits
             or
             Extent
             of
             their
             Possessions
             .
             It
             was
             annexed
             to
             Pannonia
             in
             the
             Destribution
             of
             the
             Roman
             Provinces
             ,
             and
             had
             the
             Name
             of
             Valeria
             imposed
             upon
             it
             ,
             as
             a
             Trophie
             of
             Honour
             imposed
             upon
             it
             ,
             to
             improve
             the
             Memory
             of
             Valeria
             the
             Daughter
             of
             Dioclesian
             .
             But
             when
             it
             was
             rent
             off
             from
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             it
             obtained
             the
             Name
             of
             Stiermark
             ,
             which
             had
             an
             Aspect
             upon
             the
             Ancient
             Inhabitants
             the
             Taurisci
             .
             It
             was
             first
             erected
             into
             an
             Earldome
             in
             the
             person
             of
             one
             Ottocarus
             ,
             who
             was
             Dignified
             with
             the
             Title
             of
             Earl
             by
             Conrade
             the
             second
             .
             And
             this
             Title
             continued
             until
             Leopold
             the
             fourth
             was
             created
             Marquisse
             of
             Stiermark
             by
             the
             Emperour
             of
             Germany
             ,
             for
             the
             Time
             being
             ;
             and
             from
             him
             the
             Right
             of
             Succession
             transported
             this
             Province
             to
             his
             Son
             Ottocarus
             the
             fourth
             ,
             who
             was
             adorned
             with
             the
             Title
             of
             Duke
             of
             Stiria
             by
             
               Frederick
               Barbarossa
            
             .
             But
             he
             being
             without
             hope
             of
             Issue
             ,
             and
             infected
             with
             the
             incurable
             Disease
             of
             the
             Leprosie
             ,
             conveyed
             his
             Interest
             and
             Concernment
             in
             this
             Province
             to
             Leopold
             the
             fifth
             ,
             Duke
             of
             Austria
             ,
             which
             he
             purchased
             with
             that
             vast
             
             heap
             of
             Treasure
             he
             extorted
             from
             Richard
             the
             first
             ,
             for
             his
             Ransome
             from
             that
             Captivity
             he
             was
             detained
             in
             .
             And
             hath
             been
             wrapped
             up
             ever
             since
             in
             the
             Demeasne
             of
             the
             House
             of
             Austria
             ;
             but
             so
             that
             it
             hath
             been
             consigned
             as
             a
             Portion
             to
             support
             the
             younger
             Sons
             of
             that
             Family
             ;
             as
             namely
             ,
             to
             Leopold
             the
             ninth
             of
             that
             Name
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             younger
             Sons
             of
             Albert
             the
             Short
             ,
             and
             after
             to
             Ernest
             the
             youngest
             Son
             of
             that
             Leopold
             ;
             and
             lastly
             ,
             to
             Charles
             the
             youngest
             Son
             of
             Ferdinand
             the
             first
             ,
             commonly
             called
             Charles
             Duke
             of
             Gratz
             ,
             Father
             to
             Ferdinand
             the
             second
             ,
             who
             was
             Successor
             to
             Matthias
             in
             the
             Empire
             ,
             and
             Heir
             General
             likewise
             to
             that
             Complicated
             Interest
             he
             enjoyed
             in
             Austria
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Estates
             incorporate
             with
             it
             ,
             where
             it
             hath
             ever
             since
             remained
             so
             united
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             not
             probable
             for
             the
             future
             ,
             that
             it
             will
             so
             unpolitiquely
             be
             dismembered
             from
             it
             .
          
           
             Carinthia
             and
             Carniola
             are
             two
             other
             Provinces
             which
             inforce
             the
             Grandeur
             and
             swell
             the
             Patrimony
             of
             the
             Austrian
             Family
             .
             The
             first
             called
             Karnten
             in
             Dutch
             ,
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Stiermark
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             the
             Bishoprick
             of
             Saltzbourg
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             with
             Austria
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             with
             
               Carniola
               .
               Carniola
            
             styled
             Krain
             in
             Dutch
             ,
             is
             surrounded
             with
             Sclavonia
             on
             the
             East
             ,
             Friuli
             on
             the
             West
             ,
             Carinthia
             on
             the
             North
             ,
             and
             Istria
             on
             the
             South
             .
             The
             ancient
             Inhabitants
             of
             Karnten
             and
             Krain
             were
             the
             Carni
             ;
             from
             them
             not
             only
             the
             adjoyning
             Alpes
             
             had
             the
             Name
             of
             Carnicae
             ,
             but
             these
             two
             Counties
             had
             those
             Names
             imposed
             upon
             them
             ,
             by
             which
             they
             now
             are
             known
             .
             Both
             Provinces
             were
             united
             long
             since
             in
             the
             persons
             of
             the
             Dukes
             of
             Karnten
             ;
             the
             first
             of
             whom
             the
             Testimony
             of
             Authentique
             Record
             does
             exhibit
             to
             publique
             view
             ,
             was
             Henry
             Son
             to
             Berthold
             a
             Noble
             Man
             of
             Bavaria
             ,
             in
             the
             Time
             of
             the
             Emperour
             Otho
             the
             third
             ,
             who
             invested
             him
             with
             the
             Title
             ,
             and
             planted
             him
             in
             the
             Estate
             ;
             which
             were
             both
             disposed
             off
             in
             succeeding
             Times
             at
             will
             of
             the
             Emperours
             ,
             as
             their
             Interest
             guided
             them
             .
             Nor
             was
             the
             Title
             fixed
             in
             any
             House
             ,
             until
             it
             devolved
             to
             Henry
             Son
             of
             Englebert
             President
             of
             Istria
             ,
             in
             which
             Family
             it
             remained
             under
             this
             Henry
             ,
             his
             Brother
             
               Englebert
               ,
               Ulric
            
             the
             first
             ,
             Henry
             the
             second
             ,
             Herman
             and
             Ulric
             the
             2d
             .
             the
             last
             who
             was
             intituled
             to
             these
             Provinces
             ;
             who
             by
             Matching
             with
             Agnes
             Sister
             and
             Heir
             of
             Otho
             the
             second
             Duke
             of
             Meranis
             ,
             linked
             that
             Estate
             to
             his
             former
             Patrimony
             .
             But
             being
             ancient
             and
             Issue-lesse
             ,
             he
             conveyed
             his
             Interest
             here
             to
             Ottocarus
             King
             of
             Bohemia
             and
             Duke
             of
             Austria
             ,
             by
             whom
             these
             Countries
             were
             surrendred
             to
             Rodolphus
             of
             Habsperg
             ,
             as
             an
             Oblation
             to
             that
             Peace
             which
             was
             solemnly
             stipulated
             between
             them
             .
             And
             though
             Rodolphus
             gave
             Carinthia
             to
             Mainard
             Earl
             of
             Tiroll
             (
             in
             Right
             of
             whose
             Daughter
             ,
             Albert
             the
             Son
             of
             Rodolphus
             was
             enstated
             in
             Austria
             )
             yet
             upon
             the
             expiration
             of
             Henry
             the
             Son
             of
             Mainard
             
             without
             Issue
             Male
             ,
             it
             devolved
             (
             according
             to
             a
             Pre-contract
             )
             unto
             Albert
             the
             Short
             ,
             eldest
             Son
             of
             Albert
             ,
             and
             Grandchild
             of
             Rodolphus
             ,
             continned
             ever
             since
             annexed
             to
             that
             Family
             ,
             though
             not
             alwayes
             resident
             in
             the
             Chief
             House
             of
             Austria
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             Province
             of
             Carniola
             is
             the
             Town
             and
             little
             Territory
             of
             Gorit●
             anciently
             styled
             Noreia
             ,
             and
             was
             in
             elder
             Times
             of
             that
             Repute
             that
             the
             Proprietary
             of
             it
             was
             adorned
             with
             the
             Title
             of
             an
             Earl
             ;
             he
             that
             had
             the
             Dignity
             of
             Count
             of
             Goritz
             ,
             was
             Albert
             second
             Son
             to
             Mainard
             Earl
             of
             Tiroll
             ,
             who
             devested
             himself
             of
             the
             Propriety
             of
             it
             ,
             to
             fix
             the
             Title
             on
             him
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             Descendant
             Line
             of
             this
             Albert
             it
             continued
             until
             the
             Year
             1500.
             and
             then
             Leonard
             the
             last
             Earl
             thereof
             dying
             without
             Issue
             ,
             it
             was
             seised
             on
             by
             Maximilian
             the
             Emperour
             as
             his
             next
             visible
             Heir
             ,
             whose
             Successors
             both
             in
             the
             House
             of
             Austria
             and
             Empire
             also
             ,
             inter-weave
             the
             Title
             of
             Earl
             of
             Goritz
             in
             their
             usual
             Style
             .
          
           
             
               Tiroll
               .
            
             
               TIROLL
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Friuli
               and
               
                 Marca
                 Trivigiana
              
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Grisons
               and
               some
               part
               of
               Switzerland
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Bavaria
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Lombardy
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Earls
               were
               at
               first
               but
               Provincial
               Officers
               ;
               but
               when
               this
               naked
               and
               empty
               Title
               vanished
               and
               grew
               Hereditary
               ,
               no
               Beam
               either
               from
               private
               or
               publique
               Record
               does
               contribute
               any
               Light
               to
               a
               Discovery
               .
               The
               first
               whom
               any
               certain
               Evidence
               does
               represent
               to
               us
               ,
               is
               Mainard
               who
               dyed
               Earl
               of
               Tiroll
               about
               the
               Year
               1258.
               and
               from
               him
               did
               this
               Earldome
               devolve
               to
               his
               Grandchild
               Henry
               ,
               who
               dying
               without
               Issue
               Male
               ,
               his
               Daughter
               Margaret
               by
               the
               consent
               and
               Suffrage
               of
               her
               Subjects
               ,
               conveyed
               her
               Propriety
               in
               this
               Earldome
               to
               the
               Sons
               of
               Albert
               the
               Short
               ,
               which
               hath
               been
               linked
               ever
               since
               to
               the
               Revenue
               of
               the
               Austrian
               Family
               .
               Ferdinand
               the
               first
               gave
               it
               in
               Appennage
               to
               his
               second
               Son
               Ferdinand
               surnamed
               of
               Inspruch
               ,
               who
               having
               disgusted
               his
               Allies
               by
               Matching
               with
               Philippina
               a
               Burger's
               Daughter
               of
               Ausburg
               ,
               he
               to
               becalme
               their
               Passions
               which
               boyled
               with
               Regret
               and
               Animosity
               against
               this
               cheap
               Alliance
               ,
               entered
               into
               Covenant
               with
               them
               ,
               that
               her
               Issue
               should
               not
               be
               entitled
               to
               the
               Inheritance
               of
               Tiroll
               ;
               In
               order
               to
               which
               stipulation
               ,
               after
               his
               Decease
               this
               Earldome
               devolved
               to
               the
               House
               of
               Gratz
               ,
               his
               eldest
               Son
               Charles
               being
               adorned
               with
               the
               Dignity
               of
               Marquisse
               of
               Burgh
               ,
               and
               his
               second
               Son
               Andrew
               advanced
               to
               be
               Cardinal
               of
               Brixia
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               Propriety
               of
               this
               County
               hath
               been
               ever
               since
               resident
               in
               the
               above
               recited
               ▪
               Family
               ;
               and
               at
               this
               instant
               confesses
               the
               Seignory
               and
               Title
               of
               the
               Descendants
               of
               Leopold
               Brother
               
               to
               Ferdinand
               the
               second
               ,
               Duke
               of
               Gratz
               ,
               and
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               .
            
          
           
             
               Bohemia
               .
            
             
               BOHEMIA
               is
               encompassed
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Moravia
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               
                 Upper
                 Palatinate
              
               and
               Voitland
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               
                 Misnia
                 ,
                 Lusatia
              
               ,
               and
               some
               part
               of
               Silesia
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               with
               some
               parts
               of
               Bavaria
               and
               Austria
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               Inhabitants
               were
               the
               Marcomanni
               and
               Quadi
               ,
               mingled
               with
               the
               
                 Boiari
                 Marsigni
                 ,
                 Burij
              
               and
               Gothini
               ;
               who
               upon
               the
               wane
               of
               that
               Power
               and
               Splendor
               which
               ennobled
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               ,
               were
               disseised
               of
               their
               ancient
               Patrimony
               in
               this
               Kingdome
               by
               the
               Sclavi
               ,
               a
               Nation
               Inhabiting
               the
               Banks
               of
               the
               River
               Ister
               ;
               a
               People
               very
               Obscure
               in
               their
               Original
               and
               in
               their
               Country
               ,
               until
               their
               Successes
               dispelled
               that
               Mist
               which
               hung
               about
               them
               ,
               and
               made
               them
               more
               conspicuous
               .
               Under
               what
               Form
               of
               Government
               they
               modelled
               themselves
               after
               their
               Atchievement
               of
               this
               Kingdome
               ,
               is
               not
               obvious
               from
               any
               Ancient
               Record
               ;
               or
               if
               they
               did
               erect
               any
               Frame
               ,
               it
               was
               swept
               away
               by
               new
               Squadrons
               of
               
                 Sclaves
                 ,
                 Croatians
              
               ,
               and
               other
               scattered
               Nations
               ,
               who
               under
               the
               Conduct
               of
               Zechius
               a
               
               Leader
               of
               great
               estimate
               ,
               like
               an
               Inundation
               broke
               in
               upon
               them
               ,
               which
               Zechius
               ,
               with
               his
               Brother
               Leches
               about
               the
               Year
               640.
               were
               expulsed
               out
               of
               Croatia
               ,
               for
               some
               Offences
               of
               a
               dark
               Complexion
               there
               acted
               by
               them
               ;
               and
               being
               very
               acceptable
               to
               the
               Sclaves
               of
               Bohemia
               ,
               who
               viewed
               him
               as
               a
               Prince
               extracted
               out
               of
               the
               same
               Cradle
               and
               Seminary
               with
               themselves
               ,
               and
               one
               of
               the
               same
               Language
               ,
               concerned
               in
               the
               same
               Laws
               ,
               and
               conformable
               to
               the
               same
               Customes
               with
               their
               own
               ,
               they
               Adopted
               him
               into
               the
               Supreme
               Government
               of
               this
               Province
               .
               But
               after
               his
               Decease
               the
               Estate
               crumbled
               into
               the
               Confusions
               of
               a
               disordered
               Anarchy
               ;
               until
               Crocus
               about
               the
               Year
               670.
               recollected
               the
               broken
               pieces
               into
               shape
               and
               Order
               ;
               and
               from
               his
               Justice
               and
               Integrity
               in
               the
               Administration
               of
               the
               Publique
               Affairs
               ,
               acquired
               the
               Name
               of
               the
               Bohemian
               Law-giver
               ;
               after
               his
               Exit
               the
               Bohemians
               resigned
               themselves
               up
               to
               the
               Government
               of
               Libussa
               his
               youngest
               Daughter
               ,
               but
               her
               Hand
               being
               too
               narrow
               to
               graspe
               the
               Affairs
               of
               State
               ,
               her
               Subjects
               made
               choice
               of
               Primi●●aus
               ,
               and
               by
               Matching
               of
               him
               to
               her
               devolved
               the
               Government
               on
               his
               shoulders
               ;
               and
               in
               his
               Posterity
               the
               Supreme
               Authority
               was
               resident
               ,
               who
               were
               adorned
               with
               no
               other
               Title
               but
               sometimes
               Governours
               and
               sometimes
               Dukes
               of
               Bohemia
               ;
               until
               the
               Rule
               of
               Ueratislaus
               Brother
               to
               Sbtign●us
               ,
               who
               about
               the
               Year
               1086.
               was
               for
               his
               Worthy
               and
               generous
               Performances
               in
               several
               
               Undertakings
               ,
               by
               the
               Emperour
               Henry
               the
               fourth
               ,
               at
               Metz
               ,
               invested
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               King
               ;
               which
               Regal
               Dignity
               was
               to
               continue
               Elective
               either
               at
               the
               will
               and
               Arbitrament
               of
               the
               Emperour
               ,
               or
               at
               the
               Disposition
               of
               the
               Estates
               and
               People
               ;
               and
               this
               is
               evident
               from
               several
               Precedents
               ,
               this
               Uratislaus
               left
               three
               Sons
               who
               were
               devested
               of
               the
               Crown
               to
               give
               way
               to
               Conrade
               Brother
               to
               Uratislaus
               ,
               who
               by
               the
               suffrages
               of
               the
               People
               was
               Elected
               King
               ;
               and
               after
               his
               Decease
               Brecislaus
               Son
               to
               Uratislaus
               ,
               to
               the
               prejudice
               of
               hi●
               two
               Sons
               ,
               was
               advanced
               by
               Choice
               to
               the
               Bohemian
               Diadem
               ;
               and
               after
               his
               
                 Exit
                 ,
                 Borivorius
              
               fourth
               Son
               to
               Brecislaus
               ,
               to
               the
               Disherison
               of
               his
               three
               elder
               Brothers
               ,
               was
               Elected
               to
               weild
               the
               Scepter
               ;
               and
               thus
               did
               the
               Crown
               continue
               in
               the
               persons
               of
               
                 Sutopulcus
                 ,
                 Uladislaus
              
               the
               second
               ,
               Sobeslaus
               Brother
               to
               this
               
                 Uladislaus
                 ,
                 Uladislaus
              
               the
               third
               ,
               Son
               to
               Uladislaus
               the
               second
               ,
               above
               mentioned
               ,
               who
               by
               the
               Peoples
               Election
               was
               advanced
               to
               the
               Diadem
               ,
               the
               Sons
               of
               Sobeslaus
               being
               excluded
               and
               all
               the
               Residue
               of
               their
               Successors
               ;
               until
               the
               Crown
               came
               to
               be
               placed
               on
               the
               Head
               of
               Ferdinand
               the
               first
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               ,
               who
               notwithstanding
               his
               Latitude
               of
               Power
               ,
               acknowledged
               that
               the
               Bohemian
               Scepter
               devolved
               to
               him
               not
               by
               the
               Authority
               of
               any
               Intrinsique
               or
               Inherent
               Right
               or
               the
               Claim
               of
               Succession
               ,
               but
               only
               by
               the
               Election
               of
               the
               People
               ;
               and
               this
               his
               Confession
               was
               enrolled
               in
               the
               Records
               of
               the
               Kingdome
               ;
               and
               
               though
               it
               is
               certain
               ,
               that
               Maximilian
               his
               Son
               ,
               Rodolphus
               &
               Matthias
               his
               two
               Grandchildren
               ,
               were
               Successively
               Kings
               after
               him
               ,
               yet
               not
               their
               Descent
               ,
               but
               the
               Peoples
               Election
               ,
               fortified
               their
               advancement
               to
               the
               Bohemian
               Diadem
               ;
               and
               though
               upon
               the
               Decease
               of
               
                 Matthias
                 ,
                 Ferdinand
              
               surnamed
               of
               Gratz
               ,
               as
               Adopted
               Son
               to
               Matthias
               ,
               &
               declar'd
               Successor
               to
               the
               Crown
               of
               Bohemia
               by
               his
               Testament
               ,
               intruded
               upon
               the
               Throne
               ;
               yet
               being
               not
               formally
               and
               legally
               Elected
               by
               the
               People
               ,
               he
               was
               by
               the
               Estates
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               rejected
               ,
               who
               fixed
               upon
               Frederick
               Elector
               Palatine
               of
               the
               Rhine
               as
               the
               object
               of
               their
               Choice
               ;
               but
               he
               being
               betrayed
               by
               his
               Confederates
               ,
               and
               over-laid
               with
               the
               united
               Armies
               of
               the
               Emperour
               Ferdinand
               ,
               and
               the
               Dukes
               of
               Saxony
               and
               Bavaria
               abandoned
               Bohemia
               ,
               which
               was
               re-possest
               by
               Ferdinand
               ,
               in
               whose
               Descendant
               Line
               it
               hath
               been
               since
               so
               permanent
               (
               the
               Peoples
               Election
               having
               been
               by
               Menaces
               and
               Force
               extorted
               )
               that
               it
               is
               now
               the
               Possession
               of
               his
               Grandchild
               
                 Leopoldus
                 Ignatius
              
               the
               instant
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Silesia
               .
            
             
               SILESIA
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Poland
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Lusatia
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               Marck
               of
               Bradenburg
               ,
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Moravia
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               Inhabitants
               hereof
               were
               the
               
                 Marsigni
                 ,
                 Burij
                 ,
                 Gothini
              
               ,
               and
               some
               part
               of
               the
               Quadi
               .
               In
               the
               great
               partage
               of
               the
               Eastern
               parts
               of
               Germany
               amongst
               the
               Sclaves
               ,
               who
               had
               supplanted
               the
               ancient
               Proprietaries
               ,
               it
               was
               incorporated
               with
               the
               Dukedome
               or
               Kingdom
               of
               
                 Poland
                 ▪
              
               and
               remained
               annexed
               unto
               it
               until
               the
               Government
               of
               Uladislaus
               the
               second
               ,
               who
               being
               devested
               of
               his
               Crown
               and
               Scepter
               by
               the
               unnatural
               Combination
               of
               his
               Brethren
               ,
               was
               by
               the
               powerful
               Influence
               and
               Intercession
               of
               the
               Emperour
               
                 Frederick
                 Barbarossa
              
               ,
               Seated
               in
               this
               Country
               ,
               with
               this
               Restriction
               ,
               that
               it
               shoul
               be
               held
               in
               Homage
               to
               the
               Soveraignty
               of
               Poland
               .
               After
               his
               Decease
               it
               became
               split
               into
               parcels
               ,
               and
               was
               distributed
               amongst
               his
               three
               Sons
               ,
               and
               again
               according
               to
               that
               ancient
               Custome
               of
               Germany
               called
               Land-Skiftan
               (
               which
               with
               the
               Saxons
               was
               transplanted
               into
               England
               )
               was
               subdivided
               into
               so
               many
               subordinate
               parts
               ,
               which
               were
               to
               support
               the
               Revenue
               and
               Livelyhood
               of
               their
               
               Posterity
               ,
               that
               it
               became
               resolved
               and
               broken
               into
               fourteen
               Dukedomes
               ;
               of
               all
               which
               ,
               onely
               Oswitz
               and
               Zator
               continue
               fastned
               to
               the
               Crown
               of
               Poland
               ,
               ten
               of
               the
               twelve
               remaining
               being
               by
               the
               Power
               and
               Prudence
               of
               Wenceslaus
               the
               second
               ,
               and
               John
               of
               Luxenbourg
               ,
               Son
               to
               the
               Emperour
               Henry
               the
               seventh
               ,
               both
               Kings
               of
               Bohemia
               ,
               knit
               to
               the
               Patrimony
               of
               that
               Diadem
               only
               Su●initz
               remained
               under
               the
               Regiment
               and
               Administration
               of
               its
               own
               Dukes
               ,
               until
               Bog●slaus
               the
               last
               Duke
               by
               Testamentary
               Donation
               ,
               passed
               away
               all
               his
               Interest
               in
               it
               to
               Charles
               the
               fourth
               Emperour
               ,
               and
               King
               of
               Bohemia
               also
               ;
               so
               that
               eleven
               of
               these
               petty
               Royalties
               by
               Conquest
               and
               voluntary
               Concession
               ,
               came
               to
               be
               linked
               to
               those
               Possessions
               which
               improved
               the
               Grandeur
               of
               the
               ●ohemian
               Scepter
               ,
               and
               have
               still
               so
               constantly
               waited
               on
               the
               Fate
               which
               hath
               attended
               the
               Diadem
               of
               that
               Kingdome
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               now
               subservient
               to
               the
               Interest
               and
               Dominion
               of
               the
               Austrian
               Family
               ,
               at
               this
               instant
               Seated
               in
               the
               Imperial
               Throne
               ;
               onely
               Lignitz
               the
               last
               in
               the
               Inventory
               of
               Fourteen
               Dukedomes
               ,
               does
               yet
               pay
               its
               Obedience
               to
               a
               proper
               Prince
               or
               Duke
               whose
               Predecessors
               have
               enjoyed
               it
               by
               a
               prescription
               of
               many
               Descents
               .
               But
               alas
               !
               his
               power
               is
               circumscribed
               ,
               and
               himself
               so
               chained
               up
               by
               Tribute
               and
               Homage
               ,
               to
               the
               Commands
               of
               the
               Emperour
               ,
               as
               King
               of
               Bohemia
               ,
               that
               he
               appears
               little
               more
               than
               precarious
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Moravia
               .
            
             
               MORAVIA
               is
               shut
               in
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Hungary
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Bohemia
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Silesia
               ,
               on
               the
               South
               with
               the
               
                 Lower
                 Austria
              
               .
               The
               Ancient
               Inhabitants
               were
               the
               Marcomanni
               and
               Quadi
               ,
               who
               were
               in
               subsequent
               Ages
               rooted
               out
               and
               discarded
               by
               a
               Sprig
               or
               Branch
               of
               the
               Sclaves
               ,
               who
               Inhabited
               about
               the
               Banks
               of
               the
               River
               Mora
               ,
               from
               whence
               they
               imposed
               the
               Name
               of
               Moravia
               on
               their
               new
               acquired
               Patrimony
               .
               At
               the
               beginning
               of
               their
               Settlement
               in
               this
               Province
               ,
               their
               Government
               was
               managed
               by
               Kings
               ,
               the
               first
               Name
               of
               whom
               ,
               represented
               to
               us
               in
               Record
               is
               Raslai
               ,
               who
               was
               made
               Captive
               by
               Lewis
               the
               Godly
               ,
               and
               this
               Province
               forced
               to
               become
               Tributary
               to
               the
               Empire
               ;
               after
               Raslai
               the
               Right
               of
               Succession
               brought
               the
               Moravian
               Scepter
               to
               be
               swayed
               by
               Hermodurus
               and
               Suantopulcus
               ,
               under
               whose
               Raign
               these
               
                 Moravian
                 Sclaves
              
               were
               retrived
               from
               the
               Mists
               of
               Paganisme
               and
               Infidelity
               to
               the
               Light
               and
               Clearer
               Conduct
               of
               Christianity
               ,
               by
               the
               pious
               Industry
               of
               Cyrill
               and
               Methodius
               ,
               two
               Grecian
               Doctors
               .
               After
               Suantopulcus
               ,
               his
               Son
               Suantobegius
               ascended
               the
               Moravian
               Throne
               ;
               a
               Prince
               of
               a
               Noble
               and
               
               inexpugnable
               Spirit
               ,
               who
               stretched
               his
               Scepter
               by
               many
               eminent
               Conquests
               over
               
                 Bohemia
                 ,
                 Silesia
              
               ,
               and
               Polonia
               al●o
               ;
               but
               his
               Power
               growing
               formidable
               ,
               Arnulph
               the
               Emperour
               thought
               it
               meet
               to
               contract
               it
               ,
               and
               taking
               the
               Advantage
               to
               lay
               the
               Foundation
               of
               a
               Quarrel
               from
               his
               Denial
               to
               pay
               the
               accustomed
               Tribute
               ,
               by
               the
               united
               Aid
               of
               the
               Hungarians
               then
               Pagans
               ,
               so
               bruised
               him
               in
               several
               encounters
               ,
               that
               his
               Kingdome
               crumbled
               into
               a
               heap
               of
               R●ines
               ,
               being
               seised
               on
               by
               the
               Hungarians
               and
               Poles
               ,
               and
               other
               Nations
               .
               And
               in
               this
               Calamitous
               condition
               it
               lay
               entombed
               ,
               until
               it
               began
               to
               glitter
               with
               a
               new
               Beam
               of
               Grandeur
               ,
               by
               being
               erected
               into
               a
               Marquisate
               ,
               but
               when
               Chronologie
               is
               silent
               ;
               only
               History
               represents
               to
               us
               that
               
                 Jodocus
                 Barbatus
              
               about
               the
               Year
               1410.
               
               Elected
               Emperour
               ,
               was
               likewise
               Marquisse
               of
               Moravia
               ;
               after
               whose
               Decease
               it
               devolved
               to
               Sigismund
               Emperour
               and
               King
               of
               Bohemia
               as
               his
               next
               Heir
               ,
               and
               he
               enstated
               it
               on
               his
               Son
               in
               Law
               Albert
               Duke
               of
               Anstria
               about
               the
               Year
               1417.
               which
               Albert
               upon
               his
               Decease
               not
               only
               succeeded
               him
               in
               Moravia
               ,
               but
               likewise
               was
               planted
               in
               all
               the
               rest
               of
               his
               Estates
               ;
               since
               which
               time
               it
               hath
               been
               so
               constant
               an
               attendant
               on
               the
               Fate
               and
               Fortune
               of
               the
               Crown
               of
               Bohemia
               ,
               that
               at
               this
               instant
               it
               obeys
               the
               Scepter
               of
               Leopoldus
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Lusatia
               .
            
             
               LUSATIA
               ,
               in
               High
               Dutch
               styled
               the
               Lausnits
               ,
               is
               clasped
               in
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Silesia
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Misnia
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               Marck
               of
               Brandenbourg
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Bohemia
               :
               Who
               were
               the
               first
               Inhabitants
               ,
               no
               Beam
               from
               Antiquiy
               affords
               us
               Light
               enough
               to
               Discover
               ,
               onely
               an
               obsolete
               Supposition
               reflects
               upon
               the
               Senones
               of
               Tacitus
               to
               be
               its
               Ancient
               Possessors
               .
               In
               Ages
               of
               a
               more
               Modern
               Inscription
               ,
               the
               Winithi
               or
               Venedi
               ,
               the
               most
               Powerful
               Branch
               of
               all
               the
               Sclavos
               were
               entitled
               by
               Conquest
               to
               the
               Propriety
               of
               it
               .
               When
               it
               was
               advanced
               to
               the
               Dignity
               of
               a
               Marquisate
               ,
               the
               Annalls
               of
               the
               Empire
               are
               so
               dim
               and
               obscure
               that
               they
               exhibit
               no
               Testimony
               to
               us
               which
               may
               justifie
               a
               perfect
               Discovery
               .
               About
               the
               Year
               1156.
               one
               C●nrade
               dyed
               invested
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               Marquisse
               ,
               to
               whose
               Dominion
               the
               Emperour
               Henry
               the
               fifth
               ,
               added
               both
               the
               Title
               and
               Marquisate
               of
               Misnia
               ,
               which
               for
               some
               Decursion
               of
               time
               remained
               annexed
               to
               Lusatia
               ;
               after
               this
               ,
               this
               Province
               of
               Lausnits
               being
               not
               able
               to
               support
               it self
               against
               the
               frequent
               Incursions
               and
               Inroads
               of
               the
               Poles
               ,
               it
               stooped
               to
               the
               Scepter
               of
               their
               Kingdom
               ,
               and
               
               continued
               subservient
               to
               the
               Interest
               of
               that
               Diadem
               ,
               until
               it
               was
               conveyed
               by
               Sale
               to
               Frederick
               the
               second
               ,
               Marquisse
               and
               Elector
               of
               Brandenbourg
               ,
               who
               reserving
               to
               himself
               C●thouse
               ,
               and
               some
               other
               peices
               contiguous
               to
               the
               Margin
               and
               Verge
               of
               his
               Confines
               ,
               transmitted
               the
               Remainder
               by
               a
               voluntary
               Resignation
               to
               
                 George
                 Pogibrachius
              
               King
               of
               Bohemia
               ,
               who
               Claimed
               it
               by
               the
               Right
               and
               Authority
               of
               an
               Original
               Grant
               made
               to
               Uratislaus
               the
               first
               Bohemian
               King
               ,
               by
               Henry
               the
               fourth
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               ;
               and
               from
               this
               George
               did
               the
               Right
               and
               Title
               of
               this
               Province
               flow
               down
               to
               Ferdinand
               the
               second
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               ,
               in
               an
               even
               Channel
               ;
               who
               conveyed
               his
               Interest
               in
               it
               to
               the
               late
               Duke
               of
               Saxony
               ,
               as
               a
               Guerdon
               of
               those
               Supplies
               with
               which
               he
               Supported
               his
               Quarrel
               against
               the
               
                 Palsgrave
                 Fredrick
              
               Elected
               King
               of
               Bohemia
               .
               yet
               though
               
                 Moravia
                 ,
                 Silesia
              
               ,
               and
               this
               Lusatia
               ,
               were
               thus
               interwoven
               in
               the
               person
               of
               one
               Supreme
               Governour
               ,
               yet
               did
               they
               continue
               so
               distinct
               in
               their
               particular
               Laws
               and
               Governments
               ,
               that
               the
               Chief
               Magistrate
               or
               Ruler
               is
               admitted
               and
               acknowledged
               by
               each
               Province
               distinctly
               by
               it self
               ,
               and
               not
               by
               any
               one
               of
               them
               in
               the
               Name
               of
               the
               rest
               ;
               and
               this
               is
               done
               to
               preserve
               themselves
               free
               from
               any
               Slavish
               Connexion
               or
               Dependency
               of
               each
               to
               the
               other
               ;
               which
               Custome
               or
               Priviledge
               ,
               notwithstanding
               these
               late
               Concussions
               ,
               hath
               remained
               unshaken
               and
               unviolated
               to
               this
               day
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Alsatia
               .
            
             
               ALSATIA
               ,
               in
               
                 Dutch
                 ,
                 Elsats
              
               ,
               is
               shut
               in
               on
               the
               East
               with
               the
               Rhine
               and
               some
               parts
               of
               Schwaben
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               Mountain
               Vogesus
               ,
               which
               divo●ces
               it
               from
               Lorrein
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               Palatinate
               ,
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Switzerland
               .
            
             
               The
               Ancient
               Inhabitants
               were
               the
               Tribochi
               ,
               with
               some
               mixture
               of
               the
               Nem●●es
               and
               
                 Ra●ra●i
                 ▪
              
               It
               was
               first
               subdued
               by
               the
               Romans
               ;
               and
               w●ung
               from
               them
               by
               the
               Almans
               ;
               afterwards
               extorted
               from
               these
               by
               the
               French
               ,
               and
               by
               them
               annexed
               as
               a
               Province
               to
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               Lorrein
               ,
               and
               and
               when
               that
               Realm
               was
               in
               the
               Solstice
               of
               its
               most
               flourishing
               Condition
               ,
               it
               fell
               under
               the
               Notion
               of
               a
               Province
               of
               the
               Empire
               .
               The
               Government
               at
               ●irst
               was
               managed
               for
               the
               Emperours
               by
               Provincial
               Earls
               called
               Landgraves
               ,
               at
               first
               Officiarie
               and
               Ti●ular
               onely
               ,
               as
               being
               accomptable
               for
               the
               profits
               of
               the
               County
               to
               the
               present
               Emperour
               .
               But
               in
               the
               subsequent
               Age
               it
               was
               made
               Hereditary
               and
               Successive
               ,
               in
               the
               person
               of
               Theodorick
               ,
               by
               Otho
               the
               third
               ;
               after
               whose
               Decease
               the
               Empire
               returning
               to
               be
               Elective
               ,
               gave
               such
               an
               Alarum
               to
               these
               Provincial
               Commanders
               ,
               that
               they
               endevoured
               to
               secure
               
               themselves
               by
               lopping
               off
               any
               future
               dependant
               Connexion
               that
               might
               render
               them
               precarious
               ;
               so
               that
               the
               Propriety
               of
               Elsats
               remained
               folded
               up
               in
               the
               successive
               Line
               of
               this
               Theodorick
               ,
               until
               the
               Government
               of
               the
               Emperour
               Frederick
               the
               second
               ,
               and
               then
               this
               Estate
               and
               Seignory
               of
               Alsatia
               was
               broken
               to
               peices
               and
               conveyed
               by
               Female
               Coheirs
               to
               Albert
               the
               second
               Earl
               of
               
                 Habspurg
                 ,
                 Albert
              
               Earl
               of
               Hohenloe
               ,
               and
               Lewis
               Count
               of
               
                 Ottingen
                 .
                 Rodolph
              
               of
               Habspurg
               ,
               afterwards
               Emperour
               ,
               Son
               of
               this
               Albert
               ,
               Matched
               with
               Anne
               Heir
               of
               the
               Earl
               of
               Hohenloe
               ,
               and
               so
               in
               her
               Right
               and
               in
               his
               own
               ,
               became
               invested
               in
               two
               parts
               of
               this
               Province
               ,
               which
               make
               up
               the
               Upper
               Elsats
               ,
               which
               remained
               so
               constantly
               fixed
               in
               the
               Possession
               of
               the
               House
               of
               Austria
               ,
               that
               by
               the
               steps
               of
               several
               Descents
               it
               came
               to
               acknowledge
               the
               Dominion
               of
               the
               Emperour
               Ferdinand
               the
               third
               ,
               not
               long
               since
               Deceased
               ,
               who
               to
               reimburse
               the
               French
               for
               those
               vast
               expences
               the
               German
               War
               had
               embarqued
               and
               engaged
               that
               Crown
               in
               ,
               by
               the
               Articles
               of
               the
               late
               Peace
               so
               solemnly
               transacted
               at
               Munster
               ,
               conveyed
               it
               by
               Grant
               to
               the
               Crown
               of
               France
               ,
               and
               remains
               so
               at
               this
               instant
               an
               Appendage
               to
               the
               Demeasn
               of
               that
               Diadem
               .
            
             
               Sungow
               or
               the
               Earldom
               of
               Pfirt
               ,
               was
               Anciently
               clasped
               up
               within
               the
               Patrimony
               of
               the
               Princes
               of
               Schwaben
               ,
               upon
               the
               expiration
               of
               which
               Eminent
               House
               ,
               in
               the
               person
               of
               Conraradine
               about
               the
               Year
               1268
               ,
               the
               Patrimony
               of
               
               which
               ,
               supported
               the
               Lustre
               of
               that
               Family
               ;
               in
               his
               Extinction
               sunk
               into
               parcells
               ,
               some
               proportion
               of
               which
               erected
               this
               into
               a
               distinct
               Earldome
               .
               And
               under
               this
               Notion
               it
               remained
               until
               Ulrick
               the
               last
               Earl
               ,
               going
               out
               in
               two
               Female
               Coheirs
               ,
               about
               the
               Year
               1324.
               
               Ann
               the
               eldest
               Matched
               to
               Albert
               the
               Short
               ,
               Duke
               of
               Austria
               ,
               and
               Son
               to
               the
               Emperour
               Rod●lphus
               ,
               and
               Ursula
               the
               second
               ,
               by
               an
               equal
               Distribution
               shared
               his
               Inheritance
               ;
               and
               she
               fearing
               his
               Power
               ,
               for
               a
               Recompense
               of
               Eight
               Thousand
               Crowns
               conveyed
               her
               Moiety
               to
               this
               Albert
               ;
               whose
               Successors
               (
               unlesse
               when
               it
               was
               pawned
               or
               engaged
               to
               Burgundy
               )
               were
               entitled
               by
               an
               uninterrupted
               Right
               to
               the
               Propriety
               of
               it
               ,
               until
               the
               War
               Commenced
               not
               many
               years
               since
               ,
               between
               the
               two
               Emperours
               Ferdinand
               the
               second
               ,
               and
               Ferdinand
               the
               third
               ,
               and
               Lewis
               the
               thirteenth
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               made
               by
               that
               King
               in
               favour
               of
               the
               Swede
               ,
               who
               was
               in
               danger
               to
               be
               over-laid
               ,
               and
               dislodged
               from
               his
               new
               Acquists
               in
               the
               Empire
               ,
               by
               the
               thriving
               Caesarean
               Army
               ,
               after
               the
               Fatal
               Battel
               of
               Nortlingen
               ;
               the
               effects
               of
               which
               Quarrel
               were
               so
               destructive
               and
               ruinous
               to
               the
               last
               Emperour
               ,
               that
               to
               expedite
               an
               Accommodation
               with
               the
               Crown
               of
               France
               ,
               he
               gave
               up
               his
               Interest
               in
               this
               Province
               ,
               during
               the
               term
               of
               the
               Truce
               ,
               to
               be
               enjoyed
               by
               the
               French.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               Brisgow
               in
               Schwaben
               .
            
             
               BRISGOW
               was
               in
               Times
               of
               a
               very
               high
               Ascent
               the
               Patrimony
               of
               the
               Earls
               of
               Zeringen
               ,
               which
               was
               erected
               into
               an
               Earldome
               by
               Berthold
               the
               first
               ,
               Son
               of
               Gebizo
               ,
               and
               Grandchild
               of
               Guntran
               the
               second
               Earl
               of
               Hapspurg
               ;
               which
               Family
               finding
               its
               Tombe
               and
               fatal
               Extinction
               in
               the
               person
               of
               Berthold
               the
               fifth
               ,
               the
               seventh
               in
               succession
               ,
               who
               Deceased
               Anno
               1218.
               the
               Right
               of
               Brisgow
               devolved
               to
               the
               Earls
               of
               Fribourg
               ,
               the
               Principal
               City
               of
               that
               Country
               .
               Cuno
               the
               first
               who
               bare
               the
               Title
               of
               Earl
               of
               Fribourg
               ,
               being
               the
               eldest
               Son
               of
               Judith
               Sister
               and
               Heir
               of
               Berthold
               the
               last
               Earl
               of
               
                 Zeringen
                 .
                 Eggon
              
               is
               the
               last
               Recorded
               in
               the
               Register
               of
               those
               Earls
               of
               Fribourg
               who
               were
               invested
               with
               that
               Dignity
               and
               the
               Propriety
               of
               Brisgow
               ;
               who
               being
               over-born
               by
               the
               Eruptions
               of
               his
               Mutinous
               Subjects
               ,
               he
               sunk
               under
               the
               pressure
               ,
               and
               transmitted
               by
               Sale
               his
               entire
               Concernment
               in
               this
               Province
               upon
               the
               Receipt
               of
               Twelve
               thousand
               Ducats
               ,
               to
               Albert
               and
               Leopold
               Dukes
               of
               Austria
               ,
               Sons
               of
               Albert
               the
               Short
               ;
               in
               the
               Patrimony
               of
               whose
               Successors
               the
               Title
               of
               this
               Province
               hath
               ever
               since
               been
               so
               constantly
               folded
               up
               ,
               that
               it
               still
               confesses
               the
               Signory
               of
               the
               Austrian
               Family
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Hungary
               .
            
             
               HUNGARY
               is
               shut
               in
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Transylvania
               and
               Walachia
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               
                 Stiria
                 ,
                 Austria
              
               ,
               and
               Moravia
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               Carpathian
               Hills
               ;
               on
               the
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Sclavonia
               and
               some
               part
               of
               Dacia
               .
            
             
               The
               Ancient
               Inhabitants
               of
               Hungary
               on
               the
               North
               side
               Tisse
               ,
               were
               the
               
                 Iazyges
                 Metanastae
              
               ;
               on
               the
               East-side
               of
               Tibiscus
               ,
               the
               Daci
               were
               planted
               ;
               on
               the
               South-side
               of
               the
               Danau
               ,
               the
               Pannones
               resolved
               into
               the
               several
               Colonies
               of
               the
               
                 Azuli
                 ,
                 Latovici
                 ,
                 Werciani
                 ,
                 Jassij
                 ,
              
               and
               Oseriates
               ;
               as
               likewise
               the
               
                 Ercuneales
                 ,
                 Breuci
                 ;
                 Aravisei
              
               ,
               and
               Scordisci
               Inhabited
               ;
               the
               first
               of
               which
               extended
               their
               Dwellings
               to
               the
               East
               ,
               as
               the
               last
               inlarged
               their
               Habitations
               to
               the
               West
               .
               But
               all
               these
               above
               mentioned
               were
               either
               very
               much
               broken
               ,
               or
               else
               forced
               to
               surrender
               themselves
               to
               the
               Successful
               Sword
               of
               the
               
                 Romans
                 ,
                 Anno
                 post
                 urbem
                 Conditam
              
               719.
               
               
                 Lucius
                 Cornificius
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Sextus
                 Pompeius
              
               being
               Consuls
               ;
               and
               after
               they
               had
               been
               planted
               in
               the
               Possession
               of
               this
               Province
               for
               some
               Centuries
               of
               years
               ,
               their
               Tenure
               and
               Title
               was
               disordered
               by
               the
               Invasions
               of
               the
               Chuni
               or
               Huns
               ,
               who
               under
               the
               Command
               of
               Balamir
               their
               General
               ,
               in
               several
               Encounters
               ,
               so
               disspirited
               the
               Power
               and
               bruised
               the
               Force
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               that
               they
               adandoned
               
               this
               Province
               to
               the
               Possession
               of
               these
               new
               Conquerours
               ;
               but
               the
               same
               Vicissitude
               which
               cast
               out
               the
               Romans
               ,
               roll'd
               in
               upon
               these
               Huns
               ,
               and
               crushed
               them
               with
               the
               Wheel
               of
               a
               Revolution
               '
               like
               the
               former
               ;
               for
               the
               Winnithi
               or
               Longobards
               ,
               having
               both
               infested
               these
               Huns
               with
               many
               Inroads
               ,
               and
               afflicted
               them
               in
               many
               fortunate
               Encounters
               ,
               so
               wasted
               their
               Strength
               ,
               and
               impair'd
               their
               Armies
               ,
               that
               they
               gave
               up
               themselves
               and
               this
               Province
               ,
               as
               a
               Cheap
               Oblation
               to
               the
               Triumphs
               of
               these
               Victorious
               Longobards
               ;
               but
               these
               being
               called
               by
               Narses
               into
               Italy
               ,
               to
               reinforce
               his
               Armies
               (
               who
               then
               were
               in
               Contest
               with
               the
               Goths
               for
               the
               Soveraignty
               of
               that
               Territory
               )
               discarded
               the
               Cold
               and
               Barren
               Fields
               of
               Hungary
               to
               settle
               on
               the
               Warmer
               Champaign
               of
               Lombardy
               ,
               where
               under
               the
               Government
               and
               Scepter
               of
               Alboinus
               ,
               they
               erected
               their
               Longobardian
               Kingdome
               .
               The
               Longobards
               having
               thus
               left
               the
               Stage
               ,
               the
               Avares
               or
               Avarini
               ,
               a
               People
               dropp'd
               out
               of
               the
               Bosome
               of
               Sarmatia
               ,
               about
               the
               Raign
               of
               Tiberius
               the
               second
               Emperour
               of
               Greece
               ,
               entered
               under
               the
               Conduct
               of
               Caganus
               or
               Chan
               ,
               an
               Heroick
               but
               Merciful
               (
               Clemency
               and
               Magnanimity
               are
               twins
               )
               Cheiftane
               ,
               who
               first
               dissipated
               the
               Forces
               employed
               to
               break
               him
               by
               Tiberius
               abovesaid
               ,
               and
               then
               after
               a
               Bloody
               Decision
               subdued
               Cometiolus
               Lieutenant
               to
               the
               Emperour
               Mauritius
               ,
               Successor
               to
               Tiberius
               ,
               and
               the
               Forces
               marshall'd
               under
               his
               Conduct
               ;
               which
               Emperour
               attempting
               to
               repair
               the
               Dishonour
               contracted
               
               by
               this
               Defeat
               ,
               had
               his
               Endevours
               frustrated
               by
               that
               execrable
               and
               perfidious
               Assassination
               which
               was
               acted
               on
               him
               by
               his
               Bloody
               Servant
               Phocas
               ;
               which
               Murther
               so
               unsetled
               and
               disordered
               all
               those
               hinges
               which
               sustained
               the
               Frame
               of
               the
               Grecian
               Empire
               ,
               that
               these
               Avares
               and
               their
               Commanders
               taking
               the
               Advantage
               of
               its
               intestine
               Distractions
               ,
               not
               only
               reduced
               Hungary
               to
               their
               subjection
               ,
               but
               likewise
               so
               extended
               their
               Conquests
               ,
               that
               in
               the
               Raign
               of
               Phocas
               abovesaid
               ,
               and
               the
               Emperour
               Heraclius
               ,
               they
               Forraged
               to
               the
               Gates
               of
               Constantinople
               ;
               and
               having
               thus
               broken
               the
               Power
               of
               the
               Greeks
               ,
               they
               next
               Assaulted
               the
               Goth●
               and
               Gepidae
               ,
               who
               yet
               possest
               some
               part
               of
               Hungary
               ;
               and
               after
               many
               Conflicts
               and
               Disputes
               with
               these
               tougher
               Nations
               about
               their
               Title
               ,
               they
               supplanted
               these
               also
               ,
               and
               asserted
               the
               entire
               Possession
               to
               themselves
               ;
               and
               here
               they
               setled
               in
               a
               quiet
               and
               undisturbed
               Residence
               ,
               until
               the
               Government
               of
               Charles
               the
               Great
               ;
               and
               then
               he
               having
               like
               a
               Whirle-wind
               ,
               cast
               out
               those
               Nations
               which
               opposed
               him
               ,
               shivered
               these
               into
               a
               wilde
               Dispersion
               ,
               and
               by
               his
               Victorious
               Arms
               dislodged
               them
               from
               the
               Possession
               of
               this
               Kingdome
               ;
               after
               their
               Exit
               this
               Province
               was
               subservient
               to
               the
               Commands
               of
               the
               German
               Emperours
               ;
               until
               Arnulphus
               being
               Assaulted
               by
               the
               fierce
               Impressions
               of
               Suantobogius
               King
               of
               Moravia
               ,
               called
               in
               the
               Hungars
               ,
               a
               People
               of
               Scithia
               ,
               wandering
               in
               
                 Sarmatia
                 Europaea
              
               ,
               and
               not
               tied
               or
               fixed
               to
               any
               certain
               abode
               ,
               to
               his
               support
               
               and
               Assistance
               ,
               and
               they
               so
               generously
               crushed
               the
               Attempts
               ,
               and
               repulsed
               the
               Assaults
               given
               to
               the
               Emperour
               and
               his
               Armies
               ,
               that
               to
               reward
               so
               signal
               and
               generous
               performances
               ,
               Arnulphus
               Invested
               them
               in
               the
               Possession
               of
               Pannonia
               ,
               and
               by
               a
               grateful
               elevation
               advanced
               Casala
               their
               Leader
               ,
               to
               the
               Title
               of
               Duke
               of
               this
               Province
               ;
               and
               he
               to
               perpetuate
               to
               Posterity
               the
               Memory
               of
               this
               Magnificent
               Donation
               ,
               discarded
               the
               Ancient
               Name
               of
               Pannonia
               ,
               and
               imposed
               that
               of
               Hungary
               (
               an
               Appellation
               extracted
               from
               the
               People
               above
               mentioned
               )
               upon
               it
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               it
               came
               down
               to
               his
               great
               Grandchild
               Stephen
               the
               fourth
               Duke
               of
               Hungary
               ,
               in
               whom
               that
               Title
               ceased
               ,
               and
               was
               improved
               to
               the
               more
               eminent
               Dignity
               of
               King
               ;
               which
               Office
               by
               the
               transmission
               of
               Descent
               ,
               passed
               along
               to
               his
               Successor
               Stephen
               the
               fourth
               of
               that
               Name
               King
               of
               Hungary
               ;
               and
               he
               determined
               in
               Mary
               his
               sole
               Heir
               ,
               who
               by
               Matching
               with
               Charles
               the
               
                 I
                 ame
              
               ,
               Son
               of
               Charles
               K.
               of
               Naples
               ,
               linked
               the
               Crown
               of
               Hungary
               to
               his
               Patrimony
               ;
               and
               in
               his
               Descendant
               Line
               it
               resided
               until
               the
               Scepter
               of
               this
               Kingdome
               came
               to
               be
               grasped
               by
               his
               Successor
               Ludovicus
               or
               Lewis
               ,
               who
               concluding
               in
               Daughters
               and
               Coheirs
               ,
               Mary
               the
               eldest
               being
               Wedded
               to
               Sigismund
               the
               Emperour
               ,
               brought
               this
               Crown
               about
               the
               Year
               1387.
               to
               acknowledge
               his
               Scepter
               and
               Seignory
               ;
               and
               he
               left
               Issue
               ,
               Elizabeth
               Daughter
               to
               them
               two
               ,
               and
               she
               by
               Espousing
               Albert
               of
               Austria
               ,
               planted
               the
               Crown
               of
               Hungary
               
               on
               his
               Temples
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               it
               devolved
               to
               Elizabeth
               his
               Daughter
               by
               this
               Alliance
               ,
               who
               was
               Affianced
               to
               Ladislaus
               the
               second
               ,
               Son
               of
               Casimir
               the
               fourth
               King
               of
               Poland
               ,
               who
               in
               her
               Right
               was
               justly
               entitled
               to
               the
               Hungarian
               Diadem
               ,
               and
               left
               it
               to
               his
               Son
               Ladislaus
               or
               Lewis
               ,
               infortunately
               slain
               at
               the
               Battel
               of
               Mohats
               by
               the
               Turks
               ,
               about
               the
               Year
               1526.
               upon
               whose
               Decease
               without
               Issue
               ,
               Ferdinand
               Brother
               to
               Charles
               the
               fifth
               ,
               in
               Right
               of
               Anne
               his
               Wife
               ,
               who
               was
               Sister
               and
               Heir
               to
               Lewis
               above-said
               ,
               was
               Invested
               with
               the
               Crown
               of
               Hungary
               ;
               and
               from
               him
               the
               Scepter
               of
               this
               Kingdom
               was
               transported
               by
               the
               Devolution
               of
               several
               Descents
               to
               Ferdinand
               the
               third
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               ,
               who
               upon
               his
               late
               Decease
               hath
               left
               it
               to
               be
               weilded
               by
               his
               Son
               and
               Heir
               
                 Leopoldus
                 Ignatius
              
               ,
               who
               now
               is
               placed
               on
               the
               Hungarian
               Throne
               .
            
          
           
             
               Croatia
               .
            
             
               CROATIA
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Bosnia
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Carniola
               ,
               on
               the
               South
               with
               
                 Contado
                 di
                 Zara
              
               ,
               anciently
               Named
               Liburnia
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Windischland
               .
               The
               Reason
               why
               the
               Name
               was
               imposed
               ,
               is
               not
               obvious
               in
               Authours
               ,
               only
               it
               is
               generally
               asserted
               it
               was
               fixed
               on
               it
               by
               the
               Sclaves
               when
               they
               made
               their
               first
               Eruption
               on
               this
               Country
               ,
               when
               they
               disseised
               the
               Goths
               who
               supplanted
               the
               Romans
               ,
               who
               had
               before
               rooted
               out
               and
               dislodged
               ,
               by
               several
               
               multiplied
               Conquests
               ,
               the
               ancient
               Inhabitants
               call'd
               the
               Liburni
               and
               Illyrij
               ,
               mingled
               with
               some
               allay
               of
               the
               neighbouring
               Nations
               ,
               or
               rather
               Colonies
               of
               the
               Japodes
               ,
               the
               Scirtari
               ,
               the
               Mazai
               ,
               the
               Peruistae
               ,
               the
               
                 Derrij
                 ,
                 Ceraunij
                 ,
                 Daursii
                 ,
                 Vardae
                 ,
                 Siculotae
                 ,
                 Sardiotae
                 ,
              
               and
               others
               of
               more
               despicable
               Estimate
               .
               But
               long
               the
               Sclaves
               had
               not
               setled
               in
               this
               Province
               ,
               but
               their
               Disorders
               unsetled
               them
               ;
               for
               by
               their
               Mutinies
               and
               Rebellions
               against
               their
               Governours
               ,
               which
               concluded
               still
               in
               their
               slaughter
               and
               Ruin
               ,
               they
               fill'd
               the
               State
               with
               Anarchie
               and
               Vicissitude
               ,
               and
               were
               never
               calm
               or
               fixed
               ,
               until
               the
               several
               Tribes
               to
               allay
               this
               Distemper
               ,
               had
               Princes
               who
               succeeded
               one
               another
               in
               a
               more
               Regular
               Method
               ,
               under
               the
               Title
               of
               Kings
               of
               Croatia
               ;
               and
               in
               this
               Capacity
               it
               remained
               until
               the
               Year
               970.
               when
               having
               worried
               and
               harrassed
               their
               Neighbours
               by
               Pyracies
               and
               other
               acts
               of
               Devastation
               ,
               the
               Venetians
               ,
               inflamed
               by
               these
               Affronts
               ,
               to
               expiate
               their
               Depredations
               with
               a
               just
               Revenge
               ,
               in
               several
               Conflicts
               so
               embased
               and
               retrench'd
               their
               Power
               ,
               that
               Zelamirus
               the
               last
               King
               ,
               Deceasing
               without
               Issue
               ,
               bequeathed
               the
               Kingdome
               to
               his
               Wife
               ,
               and
               she
               by
               a
               willing
               Donation
               transferr'd
               her
               Interest
               to
               her
               Brother
               Ladislaus
               the
               Saint
               ,
               King
               of
               Hungary
               ,
               so
               that
               it
               hath
               had
               its
               Title
               ever
               since
               so
               involved
               and
               wound
               up
               in
               the
               Fate
               and
               Fortune
               of
               Hungary
               ,
               that
               by
               Ann
               the
               Sister
               and
               Heir
               of
               K.
               Lewis
               ,
               who
               perished
               in
               the
               Ruin
               of
               the
               Battel
               of
               
                 Mohatz
                 ,
              
               ,
               it
               accrued
               to
               Ferdinand
               the
               first
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               ;
               and
               
               from
               him
               by
               the
               Traverses
               of
               several
               Descents
               ,
               did
               it
               passe
               along
               ,
               untill
               at
               last
               it
               is
               now
               come
               to
               confess
               the
               Soveraignty
               of
               
                 Leopoldus
                 Ignatius
              
               now
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               .
            
          
           
             
               VVindischland
               .
            
             
               VVINDISCHLAND
               is
               chained
               in
               on
               the
               East
               with
               part
               of
               the
               lower
               Hungary
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Carniola
               or
               Karnt
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               River
               Dravus
               ,
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Croatia
               .
            
             
               It
               was
               anciently
               esteemed
               a
               Limb
               of
               
                 Pannonia
                 Inferiour
              
               ,
               as
               in
               more
               modern
               Times
               a
               parcell
               of
               the
               Province
               of
               Savia
               .
               The
               ancient
               Inhabitants
               were
               the
               Winithi
               or
               Vendi
               ,
               who
               being
               swallowed
               up
               in
               the
               frequent
               mixtures
               of
               their
               Confining
               Neighbours
               the
               Sclaves
               ,
               were
               esteemed
               a
               Branch
               of
               that
               Powerful
               and
               spreading
               Nation
               ;
               but
               still
               to
               preserve
               the
               Name
               of
               their
               first
               Original
               the
               Denomination
               of
               Windischland
               was
               imposed
               on
               this
               Province
               ,
               which
               since
               by
               the
               Sale
               and
               conveyance
               above
               mentioned
               ,
               made
               by
               Zelamirus
               to
               Uladislaus
               the
               Saint
               ,
               hath
               been
               so
               linked
               with
               Croatia
               ,
               that
               as
               it
               hath
               had
               still
               the
               same
               Successours
               ,
               so
               at
               this
               instant
               it
               owns
               no
               other
               Scepter
               ,
               but
               that
               of
               
                 Leopoldus
                 Ignatius
              
               now
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               .
            
          
           
             FINIS
             .