The two charters granted by King Charles IId to the proprietors of Carolina with the first and last fundamental constitutions of that colony.
         Charter (1663)
         England and Wales. Sovereign (1660-1685 : Charles II)
      
       
         
           1698
        
      
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         A32677
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         ESTC R4148
         12268928
         ocm 12268928
         58167
         
           
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             The two charters granted by King Charles IId to the proprietors of Carolina with the first and last fundamental constitutions of that colony.
             Charter (1663)
             England and Wales. Sovereign (1660-1685 : Charles II)
             Locke, John, 1632-1704.
             Carolina (Colony). Charter (1665)
             Carolina (Colony). Constitution (1669)
          
           60 p.
           
             Printed and are to be sold by Richard Parker ...,
             London :
             [1698]
          
           
             Date of publication from Wing.
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
             The first charter granted by King Charles IId to the proprietors of Carolina (March 24, 1663) -- The second charter (June 30, 1665) -- The fundamental constitutions of Carolina (March 1, 1669; drawn up by John Locke) -- Copy of the fundamental constitutions of Carolina (April 11, 1698).
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Constitutional history -- North Carolina.
           Constitutional history -- South Carolina.
           North Carolina -- History -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 -- Charters.
           North Carolina -- History -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 -- Constitution.
           South Carolina -- History -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 -- Constitution.
           South Carolina -- History -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 -- Charters.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           TWO
           CHARTERS
           Granted
           by
           King
           CHARLES
           IId
           .
           TO
           THE
           PROPRIETORS
           OF
           CAROLINA
           .
        
         
           With
           the
           First
           and
           Last
           FUNDAMENTAL
           CONSTITUTIONS
           OF
           THAT
           COLONY
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           Printed
           ,
           and
           are
           to
           be
           Sold
           by
           
             Richard
             Parker
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Vnicorn
           ,
           under
           the
           Piazza
           of
           the
           
             Royal
             Exchange
          
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           THE
           FIRST
           CHARTER
           Granted
           by
           King
           CHARLES
           IId
           .
           TO
           THE
           PROPRIETORS
           OF
           CAROLINA
           .
        
         
           
             CHARLES
             IId
             .
             by
             the
             Grace
             of
             God
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             To
             all
             to
             whom
             these
             Presents
             shall
             come
             Greeting
             .
          
        
         
           Whereas
           ,
           our
           right
           Trusty
           ,
           and
           right
           well-beloved
           Cousins
           and
           Counsellors
           ,
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           Clarendon
           ,
           our
           high
           Chancellor
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           George
           Duke
           of
           Albemarle
           ,
           Master
           of
           our
           Horse
           ,
           and
           Captain
           General
           of
           all
           our
           Forces
           ;
           our
           right
           Trusty
           and
           well-beloved
           William
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           Berkeley
           ,
           our
           right
           Trusty
           ,
           and
           well-beloved
           Counsellor
           ,
           Anthony
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Chancellor
           of
           our
           Exchequer
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           Knight
           and
           Baronet
           ,
           Vice-Chamberlain
           of
           our
           Houshold
           ,
           and
           our
           Trusty
           and
           well-beloved
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           Knight
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           Knight
           and
           Baronet
           ,
           being
           excited
           with
           a
           laudable
           and
           pious
           Zeal
           for
           the
           propagation
           of
           the
           Christian
           Faith
           ,
           and
           the
           
           Enlargement
           of
           our
           Empire
           and
           Dominions
           ,
           have
           humbly
           besought
           Leave
           of
           us
           by
           their
           Industry
           and
           Charge
           ,
           to
           transport
           and
           make
           an
           ample
           Colony
           of
           our
           Subjects
           ,
           Natives
           of
           our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           elsewhere
           ,
           within
           our
           Dominions
           ,
           unto
           a
           certain
           Country
           ,
           hereafter
           described
           ,
           in
           the
           Parts
           of
           America
           not
           yet
           cultivated
           or
           planted
           ,
           and
           only
           inhabited
           by
           some
           barbarous
           People
           ,
           who
           have
           no
           Knowledge
           of
           Almighty
           God.
           
        
         
           And
           whereas
           ,
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           have
           humbly
           besought
           us
           to
           give
           ,
           grant
           and
           confirm
           unto
           them
           and
           their
           Heirs
           ,
           the
           said
           Country
           ,
           with
           Priviledges
           and
           Jurisdictions
           ,
           requisite
           for
           the
           good
           Government
           and
           Safety
           thereof
           .
           Know
           ye
           therefore
           ,
           That
           We
           favouring
           the
           pious
           and
           noble
           Purpose
           of
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           of
           our
           special
           Grace
           ,
           certain
           Knowledge
           and
           meer
           Motion
           ,
           have
           given
           ,
           granted
           and
           confirmed
           ,
           and
           by
           this
           our
           present
           Charter
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           do
           give
           ,
           grant
           and
           confirm
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           ,
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           all
           that
           Territory
           or
           Tract
           of
           Ground
           scituate
           ,
           lying
           ,
           and
           being
           within
           our
           Dominions
           in
           America
           ;
           extending
           from
           the
           North
           End
           of
           the
           Island
           called
           
             Lucke
             Island
          
           ,
           which
           lyeth
           in
           the
           
             Southern
             Virginia
          
           Seas
           ,
           and
           within
           six
           and
           thirty
           Degrees
           of
           the
           Northern
           Latitude
           ;
           and
           to
           the
           West
           as
           far
           as
           the
           South
           Seas
           ;
           and
           so
           Southerly
           ,
           as
           far
           as
           the
           River
           St.
           Matthias
           ,
           which
           bordereth
           upon
           the
           Coast
           of
           Florida
           ,
           and
           within
           one
           and
           thirty
           Degrees
           of
           Northern
           Latitude
           ,
           and
           so
           West
           in
           a
           direct
           Line
           ,
           as
           far
           as
           the
           South
           Seas
           aforesaid
           ;
           together
           with
           all
           and
           singular
           Ports
           ,
           Harbours
           ,
           Bays
           ,
           Rivers
           ,
           Isles
           and
           Islets
           ,
           belonging
           unto
           the
           Country
           aforesaid
           .
           And
           also
           ,
           all
           the
           Soil
           ,
           Lands
           ,
           Fields
           ,
           Woods
           ,
           Mountains
           ,
           Ferms
           ,
           Lakes
           ,
           Rivers
           ,
           Bays
           and
           Islets
           ,
           scituate
           ▪
           or
           being
           within
           the
           Bounds
           or
           Limits
           aforesaid
           ,
           with
           the
           fishing
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           Fish
           ,
           
             Whales
             ,
             Sturgeons
          
           and
           all
           other
           Royal
           Fishes
           in
           the
           Sea
           ,
           Bays
           ,
           Islets
           and
           Rivers
           ,
           within
           the
           Premises
           ,
           and
           the
           Fish
           therein
           taken
           .
           And
           moreover
           ,
           all
           
           Veins
           ,
           Mines
           ,
           Quarries
           ,
           as
           well
           discover'd
           as
           not
           discover'd
           ,
           of
           Gold
           ,
           Silver
           ,
           Gems
           ,
           precious
           Stones
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           whatsoever
           ;
           be
           it
           of
           Stones
           ,
           Metals
           or
           any
           other
           thing
           whatsoever
           ,
           found
           ,
           or
           to
           be
           found
           within
           the
           Countries
           ,
           Isles
           and
           Limits
           aforesaid
           .
        
         
           And
           furthermore
           ,
           the
           Patronage
           and
           Avowsons
           of
           all
           the
           Churches
           and
           Chapels
           ,
           which
           as
           Christian
           Religion
           shall
           increase
           within
           the
           Country
           ,
           Isles
           ,
           Islets
           and
           Limits
           aforesaid
           ,
           shall
           happen
           hereafter
           to
           be
           erected
           ;
           together
           with
           License
           and
           Power
           to
           build
           and
           found
           Churches
           ,
           Chapels
           and
           Oratories
           in
           convenient
           and
           fit
           Places
           within
           the
           said
           Bounds
           and
           Limits
           ;
           and
           to
           cause
           them
           to
           be
           dedicated
           and
           consecrated
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Ecclesiastical
           Laws
           of
           our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ;
           together
           with
           all
           and
           singular
           ,
           the
           like
           ,
           and
           as
           ample
           Rights
           ,
           Jurisdictions
           ,
           Priviledges
           ,
           Prerogatives
           ,
           Royalties
           ,
           Liberties
           ,
           Immunities
           and
           Franchises
           ,
           of
           what
           Kind
           soever
           ,
           within
           the
           Countries
           ,
           Isles
           ,
           Islets
           and
           Limits
           aforesaid
           .
        
         
           To
           have
           ,
           use
           ,
           exercise
           and
           enjoy
           ,
           and
           in
           as
           ample
           Manner
           as
           any
           Bishop
           of
           Durham
           in
           our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ,
           ever
           heretofore
           have
           held
           ,
           used
           or
           enjoyed
           ,
           or
           of
           right
           ought
           ,
           or
           could
           have
           ,
           use
           or
           enjoy
           ;
           and
           them
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           .
           We
           do
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           make
           ,
           create
           and
           constitute
           the
           true
           and
           absolute
           Lords
           and
           Proprietors
           of
           the
           Country
           aforesaid
           ,
           and
           of
           all
           other
           the
           Premises
           ,
           saving
           always
           the
           Faith
           ,
           Allegiance
           and
           Sovereign
           Dominion
           due
           to
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           for
           the
           same
           ;
           and
           saving
           also
           the
           Right
           ,
           Title
           and
           Interest
           of
           all
           and
           every
           our
           Subjects
           of
           the
           English
           Nation
           ,
           which
           are
           now
           planted
           within
           the
           Limits
           and
           Bounds
           aforesaid
           ,
           (
           if
           any
           be
           :
           )
           to
           have
           ,
           hold
           possess
           ,
           and
           enjoy
           the
           said
           Country
           ,
           Isles
           ,
           Islets
           ,
           and
           all
           and
           singular
           ,
           other
           the
           Premises
           to
           them
           ,
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             VVilleam
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           for
           ever
           ,
           to
           be
           holden
           of
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           as
           of
           our
           Mannor
           of
           
             East
             Greenwich
          
           ,
           in
           our
           County
           of
           Kent
           ,
           in
           free
           and
           common
           Soccage
           ,
           and
           not
           in
           Capite
           ,
           nor
           by
           
             Kn●ghts
             Service
          
           ,
           yeilding
           and
           paying
           yearly
           to
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           for
           the
           same
           ,
           the
           
           Yearly
           Rent
           of
           Twenty
           Marks
           of
           Lawful
           Money
           of
           England
           ,
           at
           the
           Feast
           of
           
             All
             Saints
          
           ,
           Yearly
           for
           Ever
           .
           The
           first
           Payment
           thereof
           ,
           to
           begin
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           made
           on
           the
           Feast
           of
           
             All
             Saints
          
           ,
           which
           shall
           be
           in
           the
           Year
           of
           our
           Lord
           One
           Thousand
           Six
           Hundred
           Sixty
           and
           Five
           ,
           and
           also
           the
           fourth
           Part
           of
           all
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           Oar
           which
           within
           the
           limits
           aforesaid
           ,
           shall
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           happen
           to
           be
           found
           .
        
         
           And
           that
           the
           Country
           thus
           by
           Us
           granted
           and
           described
           ,
           may
           be
           dignifyed
           by
           us
           with
           as
           large
           Titles
           and
           Priviledges
           as
           any
           other
           Parts
           of
           our
           Dominions
           and
           Terretories
           in
           that
           Region
           .
           KNOW
           Ye
           ,
           That
           We
           of
           Our
           further
           Grace
           ,
           certain
           Knowledge
           ,
           and
           meer
           Motion
           ,
           have
           thought
           fit
           to
           Erect
           the
           same
           Tract
           of
           Ground
           ,
           Country
           and
           Island
           ,
           into
           a
           Province
           ,
           And
           out
           of
           the
           Fullness
           of
           Our
           Royal
           Power
           and
           Prerogative
           ;
           We
           do
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           Erect
           ,
           Incorporate
           and
           Ordain
           the
           same
           into
           a
           Province
           ;
           and
           do
           call
           it
           the
           Province
           of
           CAROLINA
           :
           And
           so
           ,
           from
           henceforth
           ,
           will
           have
           it
           called
           .
           And
           forasmuch
           as
           We
           have
           hereby
           made
           ,
           and
           ordained
           the
           aforesaid
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           the
           true
           Lords
           and
           Proprieters
           of
           all
           the
           Province
           aforesaid
           .
           KNOW
           ye
           therefore
           moreover
           ,
           that
           We
           reposing
           Especial
           Trust
           and
           Confidence
           in
           their
           Fidelity
           ,
           Wisdom
           ,
           Justice
           and
           Provident
           Circumspection
           for
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successours
           ,
           do
           Grant
           full
           and
           absolute
           Power
           by
           virtue
           of
           these
           Presents
           ,
           to
           them
           ,
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           and
           their
           Heirs
           for
           the
           good
           and
           happy
           Government
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           to
           Ordain
           ,
           Make
           ,
           Enact
           ,
           and
           under
           their
           Seals
           to
           publish
           any
           Laws
           whatsoever
           ,
           either
           appertaining
           to
           the
           publick
           State
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           or
           to
           the
           private
           Utility
           or
           particular
           Persons
           ,
           according
           to
           their
           best
           Discretion
           ,
           of
           and
           with
           the
           Advice
           ,
           Assent
           and
           Approbation
           of
           the
           Freemen
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           or
           of
           the
           greater
           Part
           of
           them
           ,
           or
           of
           their
           Delegates
           or
           Deputies
           ,
           whom
           for
           enacting
           of
           the
           said
           Laws
           ,
           when
           and
           as
           often
           as
           need
           shall
           require
           ,
           We
           will
           that
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Guke
           of
           
             Albermarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           their
           Heirs
           ,
           shall
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           Assemble
           in
           such
           Manner
           and
           Form
           as
           to
           them
           shall
           seem
           best
           ,
           and
           the
           same
           Laws
           duely
           to
           execute
           upon
           all
           People
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           and
           Limits
           thereof
           ,
           for
           the
           Time
           being
           ,
           or
           which
           shall
           be
           Constituted
           under
           the
           Power
           and
           Government
           of
           them
           ,
           or
           ,
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           either
           Sailing
           towards
           the
           said
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           or
           ,
           returning
           from
           thence
           towards
           England
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           of
           our
           ,
           or
           Forreign
           Dominions
           ,
           by
           Imposition
           of
           Penalties
           ,
           Imprisonment
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Punishment
           ;
           yea
           ,
           if
           it
           shall
           be
           needful
           ,
           and
           the
           Quality
           of
           the
           Offence
           requires
           it
           ,
           by
           taking
           away
           Member
           and
           Life
           ,
           either
           by
           them
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           and
           their
           Heirs
           ,
           or
           by
           them
           ,
           or
           their
           Deputies
           ,
           Lieutenants
           ,
           Judges
           ,
           Justices
           ,
           Magistrates
           ,
           Officers
           and
           Ministers
           ,
           to
           be
           ordained
           ,
           or
           appointed
           according
           to
           the
           Tenor
           and
           true
           Intention
           of
           these
           Presents
           ;
           and
           likewise
           ,
           to
           Appoint
           and
           Establish
           any
           Judges
           ,
           or
           Justices
           ,
           Magistrates
           ,
           or
           Officers
           whatsoever
           ,
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           at
           Sea
           or
           Land
           ,
           in
           such
           Manner
           and
           Form
           ,
           as
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkely
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           and
           their
           Heirs
           ,
           shall
           seem
           most
           convenient
           .
           Also
           to
           remit
           ,
           Release
           ,
           Pardon
           ,
           and
           Abolish
           ,
           (
           whether
           before
           Judgment
           ,
           or
           after
           )
           all
           Crimes
           and
           Offences
           whatsoever
           against
           the
           said
           Laws
           ,
           and
           to
           do
           all
           and
           every
           other
           Thing
           and
           Things
           which
           unto
           the
           Compleat
           Establishment
           of
           Justice
           unto
           Courts
           ,
           Sessions
           and
           Forms
           of
           Judicature
           ,
           and
           Manners
           of
           Proceedings
           therein
           ,
           do
           belong
           ,
           although
           in
           these
           Presents
           ,
           express
           mention
           be
           not
           made
           thereof
           ,
           and
           by
           Judges
           ,
           and
           by
           him
           ,
           or
           them
           delegated
           to
           award
           ,
           process
           ,
           hold
           Pleas
           ,
           and
           determine
           in
           all
           the
           said
           Courts
           and
           Places
           of
           Judicature
           ,
           all
           Actions
           ,
           Suits
           and
           Causes
           whatsoever
           ,
           as
           well
           Criminal
           as
           Civil
           ,
           real
           ,
           mixt
           ,
           personal
           ,
           or
           of
           any
           other
           Kind
           or
           Nature
           whatsoever
           ;
           Which
           Laws
           ,
           so
           as
           aforesaid
           to
           be
           Published
           ,
           Our
           Pleasure
           is
           ,
           and
           We
           do
           Require
           ,
           Enjoyn
           and
           Command
           ,
           shall
           be
           Absolute
           ,
           
           Firm
           and
           Available
           in
           Law
           ,
           and
           that
           all
           the
           Leige
           People
           of
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           do
           observe
           and
           keep
           the
           same
           inviolably
           ,
           in
           those
           Parts
           ,
           so
           far
           as
           they
           concern
           them
           ,
           under
           the
           Pains
           and
           Penalties
           therein
           expressed
           ,
           or
           to
           be
           expressed
           ;
           Provided
           nevertheless
           ,
           That
           the
           said
           Laws
           be
           Consonant
           to
           Reason
           ,
           and
           as
           near
           as
           may
           be
           ,
           conveniently
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Laws
           and
           Customs
           of
           this
           our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           .
        
         
           And
           because
           such
           Assemblies
           of
           Free-holders
           cannot
           be
           so
           conveniently
           called
           ,
           as
           there
           may
           be
           Occasion
           to
           require
           the
           same
           ;
           We
           do
           therefore
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           Give
           and
           Grant
           unto
           the
           said
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           by
           themselves
           ,
           or
           their
           Magistrates
           in
           that
           Behalf
           Lawfully
           Authorized
           ,
           full
           Power
           and
           Authority
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           to
           make
           and
           ordain
           fit
           and
           wholesome
           Orders
           and
           Ordinances
           within
           the
           Province
           aforesaid
           ,
           to
           be
           kept
           and
           observed
           ,
           as
           well
           for
           the
           keeping
           of
           the
           Peace
           ,
           as
           for
           the
           better
           Government
           of
           the
           People
           there
           abiding
           ,
           and
           to
           Publish
           the
           same
           to
           all
           to
           whom
           it
           may
           concern
           ;
           which
           Ordinances
           We
           do
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           streightly
           charge
           and
           Command
           to
           be
           Inviolably
           observed
           ,
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           under
           the
           Penalties
           therein
           expressed
           ,
           so
           as
           such
           Ordinances
           be
           reasonable
           and
           not
           repugnant
           ,
           or
           contrary
           ,
           but
           as
           near
           as
           may
           be
           ,
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Laws
           and
           Statutes
           of
           this
           our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           so
           as
           the
           same
           Ordinances
           do
           not
           extend
           to
           the
           Binding
           ,
           Charging
           ,
           or
           Taking
           away
           of
           the
           Right
           or
           Interest
           of
           any
           Person
           or
           Persons
           ,
           in
           their
           Freehold
           Goods
           ,
           or
           Chattels
           whatsoever
           .
        
         
           And
           to
           the
           end
           the
           said
           Province
           may
           be
           the
           more
           happily
           increased
           by
           the
           Multitude
           of
           People
           resorting
           thither
           ,
           and
           may
           likewise
           be
           the
           more
           strongly
           Defended
           from
           the
           Incursions
           of
           Savages
           ,
           and
           other
           Enemies
           ,
           Pirates
           and
           Robbers
           ;
           Therefore
           ,
           We
           for
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           do
           Give
           and
           Grant
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           Power
           ,
           License
           and
           Liberty
           unto
           all
           the
           Leige
           People
           of
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           in
           our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ,
           or
           elsewhere
           within
           any
           other
           our
           Dominions
           ,
           Islands
           ,
           Colonies
           ,
           or
           Plantations
           (
           excepting
           those
           who
           shall
           be
           especially
           forbidden
           )
           to
           Transport
           themselves
           and
           Families
           unto
           the
           said
           
           Province
           ,
           with
           convenient
           Shipping
           ,
           and
           ●itting
           Provisions
           and
           there
           to
           settle
           themselves
           ,
           dwell
           and
           inhabit
           ,
           any
           Law
           ,
           Statute
           ,
           Act
           ,
           Ordinance
           ,
           or
           other
           thing
           ,
           to
           the
           contrary
           in
           any
           wise
           ,
           notwithstanding
           :
           And
           We
           will
           also
           ,
           and
           of
           Our
           more
           special
           Grace
           for
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           do
           streightly
           Enjoyn
           ,
           Ordain
           ,
           Constitute
           and
           Command
           that
           the
           said
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           shall
           be
           of
           our
           Allegiance
           ,
           and
           that
           all
           and
           singular
           the
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           Liege
           People
           of
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           Transported
           ,
           or
           to
           be
           Transported
           into
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           and
           the
           Children
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           of
           such
           as
           shall
           Descend
           from
           them
           ,
           there
           Born
           ,
           or
           hereafter
           to
           be
           Born
           ,
           be
           ,
           and
           shall
           be
           ,
           Denizons
           and
           Leiges
           of
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           of
           this
           Our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           be
           in
           all
           Things
           Held
           ,
           Treated
           and
           Reputed
           as
           the
           Leige
           Faithful
           People
           of
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           Born
           within
           this
           Our
           said
           Kingdom
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           of
           Our
           Dominions
           ,
           and
           may
           Inherit
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           Purchase
           and
           Receive
           ,
           Take
           ,
           Hold
           ,
           Buy
           and
           Possess
           any
           Lands
           ,
           Tenements
           ,
           or
           Hereditaments
           within
           the
           same
           Places
           ,
           and
           them
           may
           Occupy
           Possess
           and
           Enjoy
           ▪
           Give
           ,
           Sell
           ,
           Aliene
           and
           Bequeath
           ;
           as
           likewise
           ,
           all
           Liberties
           ,
           Franchises
           and
           Priviledges
           of
           this
           Our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           and
           of
           other
           our
           Dominions
           aforesaid
           ,
           and
           may
           freely
           and
           quietly
           have
           ,
           possess
           and
           enjoy
           as
           our
           Leige
           People
           born
           within
           the
           same
           ,
           without
           the
           least
           Molestation
           ,
           Vexation
           ,
           Trouble
           or
           Grievance
           of
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           any
           Statute
           ,
           Act
           ,
           Ordinance
           or
           Provision
           to
           the
           contrary
           notwithstanding
           .
        
         
           And
           furthermore
           That
           our
           Subjects
           of
           this
           our
           said
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           and
           other
           our
           Dominions
           ,
           may
           be
           the
           rather
           encouraged
           to
           undertake
           this
           Expedition
           with
           ready
           and
           chearful
           Minds
           ;
           Know
           ye
           ,
           That
           we
           of
           our
           special
           Grace
           ,
           certain
           Knowledge
           and
           meer
           Motion
           ,
           do
           give
           and
           grant
           ,
           by
           vertue
           of
           these
           Presents
           ,
           as
           well
           to
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           their
           Heirs
           ,
           as
           unto
           all
           others
           as
           shall
           ,
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           repair
           unto
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           with
           a
           Purpose
           to
           inhabit
           there
           ,
           or
           to
           trade
           with
           the
           Natives
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           full
           Liberty
           and
           License
           to
           lade
           and
           freight
           in
           any
           Ports
           whatsoever
           ,
           of
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           and
           into
           the
           said
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           by
           them
           ,
           their
           Servants
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           to
           transport
           all
           and
           singular
           their
           
           Goods
           ,
           Wares
           and
           Merchandizes
           ;
           as
           likewise
           ,
           all
           sorts
           of
           Grain
           whatsoever
           ,
           and
           any
           other
           Things
           whatsoever
           ,
           necessary
           for
           the
           Food
           and
           Cloathing
           ,
           not
           prohibited
           by
           the
           Laws
           and
           Statutes
           of
           our
           Kingdoms
           and
           Dominions
           ,
           to
           be
           carry'd
           out
           of
           the
           same
           without
           any
           Lett
           or
           Molestation
           of
           us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           or
           of
           any
           other
           of
           our
           Officers
           or
           Ministers
           whatsoever
           ,
           saving
           also
           to
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           the
           Customs
           ,
           and
           other
           Dutys
           and
           Payments
           ,
           due
           for
           the
           said
           Wares
           and
           Merchandizes
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           several
           Rates
           of
           the
           Places
           from
           whence
           the
           same
           shall
           be
           transported
           .
           We
           will
           also
           ,
           and
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           do
           give
           and
           grant
           License
           by
           this
           our
           Charter
           ,
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           and
           to
           all
           the
           Inhabitants
           and
           Dwellers
           in
           the
           Province
           aforesaid
           ,
           both
           present
           and
           to
           come
           ,
           full
           Power
           and
           absolute
           Authority
           to
           import
           or
           unlade
           by
           themselves
           ,
           or
           their
           Servants
           ,
           Factors
           or
           Assigns
           ,
           all
           Merchandizes
           and
           Goods
           whatsoever
           ,
           that
           shall
           arise
           of
           the
           Fruits
           and
           Commodities
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           either
           by
           Land
           or
           by
           Sea
           ,
           into
           any
           the
           Ports
           of
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           in
           our
           Kingdom
           of
           
             England
             .
             Scotland
          
           or
           Ireland
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           to
           dispose
           of
           the
           said
           Goods
           in
           the
           said
           Ports
           ;
           and
           if
           need
           be
           ,
           within
           one
           Year
           next
           after
           the
           unlading
           ,
           to
           lade
           the
           said
           Merchandizes
           and
           Goods
           again
           into
           the
           same
           ,
           or
           other
           Ships
           ,
           and
           to
           export
           the
           same
           into
           any
           other
           Countries
           ,
           either
           of
           our
           Dominions
           ,
           or
           forreign
           ,
           being
           in
           Amity
           with
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           so
           as
           they
           pay
           such
           Customs
           ,
           Subsidies
           and
           other
           Dutys
           for
           the
           same
           to
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           as
           the
           rest
           of
           our
           Subjects
           of
           this
           our
           Kingdom
           ,
           for
           the
           Time
           being
           ,
           shall
           be
           bound
           to
           pay
           ,
           beyond
           which
           ,
           we
           will
           not
           that
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           shall
           be
           any
           way
           charged
           .
        
         
           Provided
           nevertheless
           ,
           and
           our
           Will
           and
           Pleasure
           is
           ,
           and
           We
           have
           further
           for
           the
           Considerations
           aforesaid
           ,
           of
           our
           more
           especial
           Grace
           ,
           certain
           Knowledge
           and
           meer
           Motion
           ,
           given
           and
           granted
           ,
           and
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           do
           give
           and
           grant
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           full
           and
           
           free
           License
           ,
           Liberty
           and
           Authority
           at
           any
           Time
           ,
           or
           Times
           ,
           from
           and
           after
           the
           Feast
           of
           St.
           Michael
           the
           Arch-Angel
           ,
           which
           shall
           be
           in
           the
           Year
           of
           our
           Lord
           Christ
           ,
           One
           Thousand
           Six
           Hundred
           ,
           Sixty
           and
           Seven
           ;
           as
           well
           to
           import
           ,
           and
           bring
           into
           any
           of
           our
           Dominions
           ,
           from
           the
           said
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           or
           any
           Part
           thereof
           ,
           the
           several
           Goods
           and
           Commodities
           herein
           after
           mentioned
           ;
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           Silks
           ,
           Wines
           ,
           Currants
           ,
           Raisons
           ,
           Capers
           ,
           Wax
           ,
           Almonds
           ,
           Oyl
           and
           Olives
           ,
           without
           paying
           or
           answering
           to
           us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           or
           Successors
           ,
           any
           Custom
           ,
           Impost
           or
           other
           Duty
           ,
           for
           ,
           or
           in
           respect
           thereof
           ,
           for
           and
           during
           the
           Term
           and
           Space
           of
           Seven
           Years
           ,
           to
           commence
           and
           be
           accompted
           from
           and
           after
           the
           first
           Importation
           of
           Four
           Tons
           of
           any
           the
           said
           Goods
           in
           any
           one
           Bottom
           Ship
           or
           Vessel
           ,
           from
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           into
           any
           of
           our
           Dominions
           ;
           as
           also
           ,
           to
           export
           and
           carry
           out
           of
           any
           of
           our
           Dominions
           into
           the
           said
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           Custom-free
           ,
           all
           sorts
           of
           Tools
           which
           shall
           be
           useful
           or
           necessary
           for
           the
           Planters
           there
           ,
           in
           the
           Accomodation
           and
           Improvement
           of
           the
           Premises
           ,
           any
           Thing
           before
           in
           these
           Presents
           contained
           ,
           or
           any
           Law
           ,
           Act
           ,
           Statute
           prohibition
           ,
           or
           other
           Matter
           or
           Thing
           heretofore
           had
           ,
           made
           ,
           enacted
           or
           provided
           or
           hereafter
           to
           be
           had
           ,
           made
           ,
           Enacted
           ,
           or
           provided
           to
           the
           contrary
           in
           any
           wise
           notwithstanding
           .
        
         
           And
           furthermore
           ,
           of
           our
           more
           ample
           and
           especial
           Grace
           ,
           certain
           Knowledge
           and
           meer
           Motion
           ,
           We
           do
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           grant
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           full
           and
           absolute
           Power
           and
           Authority
           to
           make
           ,
           erect
           and
           constitute
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           and
           the
           Isles
           and
           Islets
           aforesaid
           ,
           such
           and
           so
           many
           Sea-Ports
           ,
           Harbours
           ,
           Creeks
           and
           other
           Places
           ,
           for
           discharge
           and
           unlading
           of
           Goods
           and
           Merchandizes
           out
           of
           Ships
           ,
           Boats
           and
           other
           Vessels
           ,
           and
           for
           lading
           of
           them
           in
           such
           and
           so
           many
           Places
           ,
           and
           with
           such
           Jurisdictions
           ,
           Priviledges
           and
           Franchises
           ,
           unto
           the
           said
           Ports
           belonging
           ,
           as
           to
           them
           shall
           seem
           most
           expedient
           ;
           and
           that
           all
           and
           singular
           ,
           the
           Ships
           ,
           Boats
           and
           other
           Vessels
           ,
           which
           shall
           come
           for
           Merchandizes
           ,
           and
           trade
           into
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           or
           shall
           depart
           out
           of
           the
           same
           ,
           shall
           be
           laden
           and
           unladen
           at
           such
           Ports
           only
           as
           shall
           be
           erected
           and
           constituted
           by
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           and
           not
           elsewhere
           any
           Use
           ,
           Custom
           ,
           or
           any
           thing
           to
           the
           contrary
           in
           any
           wise
           ,
           notwithstanding
           .
        
         
           And
           We
           do
           furthermore
           will
           ,
           appoint
           and
           ordain
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           do
           grant
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkely
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           That
           they
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           may
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           for
           ever
           ,
           have
           and
           enjoy
           the
           Customs
           and
           Subsidies
           in
           the
           Ports
           ,
           Harbours
           ,
           Creeks
           and
           other
           Places
           within
           the
           Province
           aforesaid
           ,
           payable
           for
           Goods
           ,
           Merchandizes
           and
           Wares
           there
           laded
           ,
           or
           to
           be
           laded
           or
           unladed
           ,
           the
           said
           Customs
           to
           be
           reasonably
           assessed
           upon
           any
           Occasion
           by
           themselves
           ,
           and
           by
           and
           with
           the
           Consent
           of
           the
           free
           People
           there
           ,
           or
           the
           greater
           Part
           of
           them
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           ;
           to
           whom
           We
           give
           Power
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           upon
           just
           Cause
           and
           in
           a
           due
           Proportion
           to
           assess
           and
           impose
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           And
           further
           ,
           of
           our
           especial
           Grace
           ,
           certain
           Knowledge
           and
           meer
           Motion
           ,
           we
           have
           given
           ,
           granted
           and
           confirmed
           ,
           and
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           do
           give
           ,
           grant
           and
           confirm
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           full
           and
           absolute
           License
           ,
           Power
           and
           Authority
           ,
           that
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           .
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           hereafter
           for
           ever
           ,
           at
           his
           and
           their
           Will
           and
           Pleasure
           ,
           may
           assign
           ,
           alien
           ,
           grant
           ,
           demise
           or
           enfeoft
           the
           Premises
           or
           any
           Parts
           or
           Parcells
           thereof
           to
           him
           or
           them
           ,
           that
           shall
           be
           willing
           to
           purchase
           the
           same
           ;
           and
           to
           such
           Person
           or
           Persons
           ,
           as
           they
           shall
           think
           fit
           ,
           to
           have
           ,
           and
           to
           hold
           to
           them
           the
           said
           Person
           or
           Persons
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           in
           Fee
           simple
           or
           Fee
           Tayle
           ,
           or
           for
           Term
           of
           Life
           or
           Lives
           ,
           or
           Years
           to
           be
           held
           of
           them
           ,
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           by
           such
           Rents
           ,
           Services
           and
           Customs
           ,
           as
           shall
           seem
           meet
           to
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           and
           not
           immediately
           of
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           :
           And
           to
           the
           same
           Person
           and
           Persons
           ,
           and
           to
           all
           and
           every
           of
           them
           ,
           We
           do
           give
           and
           grant
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           License
           ,
           Authority
           and
           Power
           ,
           that
           such
           Person
           or
           Persons
           ,
           may
           have
           or
           take
           the
           Premises
           ,
           or
           any
           Parcel
           thereof
           ,
           of
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkely
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           and
           the
           same
           to
           hold
           to
           themselves
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           or
           Assigns
           ,
           in
           what
           Estate
           of
           Inheritance
           whatsoever
           ,
           in
           Fee
           simple
           ,
           or
           in
           Fee
           Tayle
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           ,
           as
           to
           them
           and
           the
           said
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           shall
           seem
           expedient
           .
           The
           Statute
           made
           in
           the
           Parliament
           of
           Edward
           ,
           Son
           of
           King
           Henry
           ,
           heretofore
           King
           of
           England
           ,
           our
           Predecessor
           ,
           commonly
           called
           ,
           The
           Statute
           of
           
             Quia
             Emptores
             Terrae
          
           ;
           or
           any
           other
           Satute
           ,
           Act
           ,
           Ordinance
           ,
           Use
           ,
           Law
           ,
           Custom
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Matter
           ,
           Cause
           or
           Thing
           heretofore
           published
           or
           provided
           to
           the
           contrary
           in
           any
           wise
           notwithstanding
           .
        
         
           And
           because
           many
           Persons
           born
           or
           inhabiting
           in
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           for
           their
           Deserts
           and
           Services
           may
           expect
           ,
           and
           be
           capable
           of
           Marks
           of
           Honour
           and
           Favour
           ,
           which
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           great
           Distance
           cannot
           conveniently
           be
           conferred
           by
           Us
           ;
           our
           Will
           and
           Pleasure
           therefore
           is
           ,
           and
           We
           do
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           give
           and
           grant
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             Willliam
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           full
           Power
           and
           Authority
           to
           give
           and
           conferr
           unto
           ,
           and
           upon
           such
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           as
           they
           shall
           think
           ,
           do
           ,
           or
           shall
           merit
           the
           same
           ,
           such
           Marks
           or
           Favour
           ,
           and
           Titles
           of
           Honour
           ,
           as
           they
           shall
           think
           fit
           ,
           so
           as
           these
           Titles
           of
           Honour
           be
           〈…〉
           conferred
           upon
           any
           the
           〈◊〉
           of
           this
           Our
           Kingdom
           of
           〈◊〉
           .
        
         
         
           And
           further
           also
           ,
           We
           do
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           give
           and
           Grant
           ,
           License
           to
           them
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           full
           Power
           ,
           Liberty
           and
           License
           to
           Erect
           ,
           Raise
           and
           Build
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           and
           Places
           aforesaid
           ,
           or
           any
           Part
           or
           Parts
           thereof
           ,
           such
           and
           so
           many
           Forts
           ,
           Fortresses
           ,
           Castles
           ,
           Cities
           ,
           Borroughs
           ,
           Towns
           ,
           Villages
           and
           other
           Fortifications
           whatsoever
           ,
           and
           the
           same
           or
           any
           of
           them
           to
           Fortify
           and
           Furnish
           with
           Ordinance
           ,
           Powder
           ,
           Shot
           ,
           Armory
           and
           all
           other
           Weapons
           ,
           Ammunition
           ,
           Habiliments
           of
           War
           ,
           both
           Offensive
           and
           Defensive
           ,
           as
           shall
           be
           thought
           fit
           and
           convenient
           for
           the
           Safety
           and
           Welfare
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           and
           Places
           ,
           or
           any
           Part
           thereof
           ,
           and
           the
           same
           ,
           or
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           as
           Occasion
           shall
           require
           ,
           to
           Dismantle
           ,
           Disfurnish
           ,
           Demolish
           and
           pull
           down
           ,
           and
           also
           to
           Place
           ,
           Constitute
           and
           Appoint
           in
           ,
           or
           over
           all
           ,
           or
           any
           of
           the
           said
           Castles
           ,
           Forts
           ,
           Fortifications
           ,
           Cities
           ,
           Towns
           and
           Places
           aforesaid
           ,
           Governours
           ,
           Deputy
           Governours
           ,
           Magistrates
           ,
           Sheriffs
           ,
           and
           other
           Officers
           ,
           Civil
           and
           Military
           ,
           as
           to
           them
           shall
           seem
           meet
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           said
           Cities
           ,
           Burroughs
           ,
           Towns
           ,
           Villages
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Place
           ,
           or
           Places
           ,
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           to
           Grant
           Letters
           or
           Charters
           of
           Incorporation
           ,
           with
           all
           Liberties
           ,
           Franchises
           ,
           and
           Priviledges
           requisite
           ,
           and
           usual
           ,
           or
           to
           ,
           or
           within
           any
           Corporations
           within
           this
           Our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           granted
           ,
           or
           belonging
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           same
           Citties
           ,
           Burroughs
           ,
           Towns
           and
           other
           Places
           ,
           to
           Constitute
           ,
           Erect
           and
           Appoint
           such
           ,
           and
           so
           many
           Markets
           ,
           Marts
           and
           Fairs
           ,
           as
           shall
           in
           that
           Behalf
           be
           thought
           fit
           and
           necessary
           ;
           and
           further
           also
           ,
           to
           Erect
           and
           Make
           in
           the
           Province
           aforesaid
           ,
           or
           any
           Part
           thereof
           ,
           so
           many
           Mannors
           as
           to
           them
           shall
           seem
           meet
           and
           convenient
           ,
           and
           in
           every
           of
           the
           same
           Mannors
           to
           have
           and
           to
           hold
           a
           Court-Baron
           with
           all
           things
           whatsoever
           ,
           which
           to
           a
           Court-Baron
           do
           belong
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           and
           to
           hold
           Views
           of
           Franck
           Pledge
           and
           Court-Leet
           for
           the
           Conservation
           of
           the
           Peace
           ,
           and
           better
           Government
           of
           those
           Parts
           ,
           within
           such
           Limits
           ,
           Jurisdictions
           and
           Precincts
           ,
           as
           by
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkely
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           or
           their
           Heirs
           ,
           shall
           be
           appointed
           for
           that
           purpose
           ,
           with
           all
           things
           whatsoever
           ,
           which
           to
           a
           Court
           Leet
           ,
           or
           view
           of
           Franck
           Pledge
           ;
           do
           belong
           ,
           the
           said
           Court
           to
           be
           holden
           by
           Stewards
           ,
           to
           be
           Deputed
           and
           Authorized
           by
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           or
           their
           Heirs
           ,
           or
           by
           the
           Lords
           of
           other
           Mannors
           and
           Leets
           for
           the
           Time
           being
           ,
           when
           the
           same
           shall
           be
           Erected
           .
        
         
           And
           because
           that
           in
           so
           remote
           a
           Country
           ,
           and
           Scituate
           among
           so
           many
           Barbarous
           Nations
           ,
           and
           the
           Invasions
           as
           well
           of
           Salvages
           as
           other
           Enemies
           ;
           Pirates
           and
           Robbers
           may
           probably
           be
           feared
           ;
           Therefore
           We
           have
           Given
           ,
           and
           for
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           do
           give
           Power
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           by
           themselves
           ,
           or
           their
           Captains
           ,
           or
           other
           their
           Officers
           to
           Levy
           ,
           Muster
           and
           Train
           all
           sorts
           of
           Men
           ,
           of
           what
           Condition
           ,
           or
           wheresoever
           Born
           in
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           for
           the
           Time
           being
           ;
           and
           to
           make
           War
           and
           pursue
           the
           Enemies
           aforesaid
           ,
           as
           well
           by
           Sea
           ,
           as
           by
           Land
           ;
           yea
           ,
           even
           within
           the
           Limits
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           and
           by
           God's
           Assistance
           ,
           to
           Vanquish
           and
           Take
           them
           ,
           and
           being
           Taken
           ,
           to
           put
           them
           to
           Death
           by
           the
           Law
           of
           War
           ,
           or
           to
           save
           them
           at
           their
           Pleasure
           ;
           and
           to
           do
           all
           and
           every
           other
           thing
           ,
           which
           unto
           the
           Charge
           and
           Office
           of
           a
           Captain
           General
           of
           an
           Army
           ,
           belongeth
           ,
           or
           hath
           accustomed
           to
           belong
           ,
           as
           fully
           and
           freely
           as
           any
           Captain
           General
           of
           an
           Army
           hath
           ever
           had
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           Also
           ,
           Our
           Will
           and
           Pleasure
           is
           ,
           and
           by
           this
           Our
           Charter
           ,
           we
           give
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             Gorge
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           full
           Power
           ,
           Liberty
           and
           Authority
           in
           Case
           of
           Rebellion
           ,
           Tumult
           ,
           or
           Sedition
           (
           if
           any
           should
           happen
           )
           which
           God
           forbid
           either
           upon
           the
           Land
           within
           the
           Province
           aforesaid
           
           or
           upon
           the
           main
           Sea
           ,
           in
           making
           a
           Voyage
           thither
           ,
           or
           returning
           from
           thence
           ,
           by
           him
           and
           themselves
           ,
           their
           Captains
           ,
           Deputies
           or
           Officers
           ,
           to
           be
           authorized
           under
           his
           or
           their
           Seals
           ,
           for
           that
           purpose
           :
           To
           whom
           also
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           We
           do
           give
           and
           grant
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           full
           Power
           and
           Authority
           to
           exercise
           Martial
           Law
           against
           mutinous
           and
           seditious
           Persons
           of
           those
           Parts
           ,
           such
           as
           shall
           refuse
           to
           submit
           themselves
           to
           their
           Government
           ,
           or
           shall
           refuse
           to
           serve
           in
           the
           Wars
           ,
           or
           shall
           fly
           to
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           or
           forsake
           their
           Colours
           or
           Ensigns
           ,
           or
           be
           Loyterers
           or
           Straglers
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           howsoever
           offending
           against
           Law
           ,
           Custom
           or
           Discipline
           Military
           ,
           as
           freely
           ,
           and
           in
           as
           ample
           Manner
           and
           Form
           as
           any
           Captain
           General
           of
           an
           Army
           ,
           by
           virtue
           of
           his
           Office
           ,
           might
           ,
           or
           hath
           accustomed
           to
           use
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           And
           Our
           further
           Pleasure
           is
           ,
           and
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           We
           do
           grant
           unto
           the
           said
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Tenants
           and
           Inhabitants
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           both
           present
           and
           to
           come
           ,
           and
           to
           every
           of
           them
           ,
           that
           the
           said
           Province
           and
           the
           Tennants
           and
           Inhabitants
           thereof
           ,
           shall
           not
           from
           henceforth
           ,
           be
           held
           or
           reputed
           a
           Member
           ,
           or
           Part
           of
           any
           Collony
           what●oever
           ,
           in
           America
           or
           elsewhere
           ,
           now
           transported
           or
           made
           ,
           or
           hereafter
           to
           be
           transported
           or
           made
           ;
           nor
           shall
           be
           depending
           on
           ,
           or
           subject
           to
           their
           Government
           in
           any
           Thing
           ,
           but
           be
           absolutely
           separated
           and
           divided
           from
           the
           same
           :
           And
           our
           Pleasure
           is
           ,
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           That
           they
           be
           separated
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           be
           subject
           immediately
           to
           our
           Crown
           of
           England
           ,
           as
           depending
           thereof
           for
           ever
           .
           And
           that
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           nor
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           shall
           at
           any
           Time
           hereafter
           ,
           be
           compelled
           or
           compellable
           ,
           or
           be
           any
           ways
           subject
           ,
           or
           liable
           to
           appear
           or
           answer
           to
           any
           Matter
           ,
           Suit
           ,
           Cause
           ,
           or
           Plaint
           whatsoever
           ,
           out
           of
           the
           Province
           aforesaid
           ,
           in
           any
           other
           of
           our
           Islands
           ,
           Collonies
           or
           Dominions
           in
           America
           or
           elsewhere
           ,
           other
           than
           in
           our
           Realm
           of
           England
           and
           Dominion
           of
           Wales
           .
        
         
           And
           because
           it
           may
           happen
           ,
           That
           some
           of
           the
           People
           and
           Inhabitants
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           cannot
           in
           their
           private
           Opinions
           conform
           to
           the
           Publick
           Exercise
           of
           Religion
           according
           to
           the
           Liturgy
           ,
           Form
           and
           Ceremonies
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           or
           take
           and
           subscribe
           the
           Oaths
           and
           Articles
           made
           and
           established
           in
           that
           Behalf
           ▪
           And
           for
           that
           the
           same
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           
           the
           remote
           Distances
           of
           these
           placees
           will
           we
           hope
           ,
           be
           no
           Breach
           of
           the
           Unity
           ,
           and
           Uniformity
           ,
           Established
           in
           this
           Nation
           .
           Our
           Will
           and
           Pleasure
           therefore
           is
           ,
           and
           We
           do
           by
           these
           Presents
           for
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           ,
           and
           Successors
           ,
           Give
           and
           Grant
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           full
           and
           free
           License
           ,
           Liberty
           and
           Authority
           ,
           by
           such
           Legal
           Ways
           and
           Means
           as
           they
           shall
           think
           fit
           to
           Give
           and
           Grant
           unto
           such
           Person
           and
           Persons
           ,
           Inhabiting
           ,
           and
           being
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           or
           any
           Part
           thereof
           ,
           who
           really
           in
           their
           Judgments
           ,
           and
           for
           Conscience
           sake
           ,
           cannot
           ,
           or
           shall
           not
           Conform
           to
           the
           said
           Liturgy
           and
           Ceremonies
           ,
           and
           take
           and
           subscribe
           the
           Oaths
           and
           Articles
           aforesaid
           ,
           or
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           such
           Indulgences
           and
           Dispensations
           ,
           in
           that
           Behalf
           ,
           for
           ,
           and
           during
           such
           Time
           and
           Times
           ,
           and
           with
           such
           Limitations
           and
           Restrictions
           as
           they
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkely
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           ,
           or
           Assigns
           ,
           shall
           in
           their
           Discretion
           think
           fit
           ,
           and
           reasonable
           ,
           and
           with
           this
           Express
           Proviso
           ,
           and
           Limitation
           also
           ,
           that
           such
           Person
           and
           Proviso
           ,
           to
           whom
           such
           Indulgencies
           and
           Dispensations
           shall
           be
           Granted
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           do
           ,
           and
           shall
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           Declare
           ,
           and
           continue
           all
           Fidelity
           ,
           Loyalty
           and
           Obedience
           to
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           and
           be
           Subject
           and
           Obedient
           to
           all
           other
           the
           Laws
           ,
           Ordinances
           and
           Constitutions
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           in
           all
           Matters
           whatsoever
           ,
           as
           well
           Ecclesiastical
           as
           Civil
           ,
           and
           do
           not
           in
           any
           wise
           Disturb
           the
           Peace
           and
           Safety
           thereof
           ,
           or
           Scandalize
           ,
           or
           Reproach
           the
           said
           Liturgy
           ,
           Forms
           and
           Ceremonies
           ,
           or
           any
           Thing
           relating
           thereunto
           ,
           or
           any
           Person
           or
           Persons
           whatsoever
           ,
           for
           ,
           or
           in
           respect
           of
           his
           ,
           or
           their
           Use
           ,
           or
           Exercise
           thereof
           ,
           or
           his
           ,
           or
           their
           Obedience
           ,
           or
           Conformity
           thereunto
           .
        
         
           And
           in
           Case
           it
           shall
           happen
           ,
           That
           any
           Doubts
           or
           Questions
           should
           arise
           concerning
           the
           True
           Sense
           and
           Understanding
           of
           any
           Word
           ,
           Clause
           or
           Sentence
           ,
           contained
           in
           this
           Our
           Present
           Charter
           ,
           We
           will
           Ordain
           and
           Command
           ,
           that
           at
           all
           Times
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           Things
           ,
           such
           Interpretation
           be
           made
           thereof
           ,
           and
           allow'd
           in
           all
           and
           every
           of
           
           Our
           Courts
           whatsoever
           ,
           as
           Lawfully
           may
           be
           Adjudged
           most
           Advantageous
           and
           Favourable
           to
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           although
           Express
           Mention
           be
           not
           made
           in
           these
           Presents
           ,
           of
           the
           True
           Yearly
           Value
           and
           Certainty
           of
           the
           Premises
           ,
           or
           any
           part
           thereof
           ,
           or
           of
           any
           other
           Gifts
           and
           Grants
           made
           by
           Us
           ,
           our
           Ancestors
           ,
           or
           Predecessors
           ,
           to
           them
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Person
           ,
           or
           Persons
           whatsoever
           ,
           or
           any
           Statute
           ,
           Act
           ,
           Ordinance
           ,
           Provision
           ,
           Proclamation
           ,
           or
           Restraint
           heretofore
           Had
           ,
           Made
           ,
           Published
           ,
           Ordained
           ,
           or
           Provided
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Thing
           ,
           Cause
           ,
           or
           Matter
           whatsoever
           ,
           to
           the
           contrary
           thereof
           ,
           in
           any
           Wise
           Notwithstanding
           .
        
         
           In
           Witness
           ,
           &c.
           
           Witness
           the
           KING
           ,
           at
           VVestminster
           ,
           the
           Four
           and
           Twentieth
           Day
           of
           March
           ,
           in
           the
           Fifteenth
           Year
           of
           Our
           Reign
           .
        
         
           
             Per
             ipsum
             Regem
          
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           SECOND
           CHARTER
           Granted
           by
           King
           CHARLES
           IId
           .
           TO
           THE
           PROPRIETORS
           OF
           CAROLINA
           .
        
         
           
             CHARLES
             IId
             .
             by
             the
             Grace
             of
             God
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           Whereas
           ,
           By
           Our
           Letters
           Patents
           ,
           bearing
           Date
           the
           Four
           and
           Twentieth
           Day
           of
           March
           ;
           in
           the
           Fifteenth
           Year
           of
           Our
           Reign
           ,
           We
           were
           Graciously
           Pleas'd
           to
           Grant
           unto
           Our
           right
           Trusty
           ,
           and
           right
           Well-beloved
           Cousin
           and
           Counsellor
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           Clarendon
           ,
           our
           high
           Chancellor
           of
           England
           ,
           Our
           right
           Trusty
           ,
           and
           Right
           Intirely
           Beloved
           Cousin
           and
           Counsellor
           ,
           George
           Duke
           of
           Albemarle
           ,
           Master
           of
           our
           Horse
           ,
           Our
           right
           Trusty
           ,
           and
           Well
           Beloved
           William
           ,
           now
           Earl
           of
           Craven
           ,
           our
           right
           Trusty
           and
           well-beloved
           Counsellor
           ,
           John
           Lord
           Berkeley
           ,
           our
           right
           Trusty
           ,
           and
           well-beloved
           Counsellor
           ,
           Anthony
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Chancellor
           of
           our
           Exchequer
           ,
           our
           right
           Trusty
           and
           Well-beloved
           Counsellor
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           Knight
           
           and
           Baronet
           ,
           Vice-Chamberlain
           of
           our
           Houshold
           ,
           Our
           right
           Trusty
           and
           well-beloved
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           Knight
           and
           Baronet
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           Knight
           ,
           all
           that
           Province
           ,
           Territotory
           ,
           or
           Tract
           of
           Ground
           ,
           called
           Carolina
           ,
           scituate
           ,
           lying
           and
           being
           within
           our
           Dominions
           of
           America
           ,
           Extending
           from
           the
           North
           End
           of
           the
           Island
           ,
           called
           
             Luke
             Island
          
           ,
           which
           lyeth
           in
           the
           
             Southern
             Virginia
          
           Seas
           ,
           and
           within
           six
           and
           thirty
           Degrees
           of
           the
           Northern
           Latitude
           ;
           and
           to
           the
           West
           ,
           as
           far
           as
           the
           South
           Seas
           ;
           and
           so
           respectively
           as
           far
           as
           the
           River
           of
           Mathias
           ,
           which
           bordereth
           upon
           the
           Coast
           of
           Florida
           ,
           and
           within
           One
           and
           Thirty
           Degrees
           of
           the
           Northern
           Latitude
           ,
           and
           so
           West
           in
           a
           direct
           Line
           ,
           as
           far
           as
           the
           South
           Seas
           aforesaid
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           Know
           Ye
           ,
           that
           We
           ,
           at
           the
           Humble
           Request
           of
           the
           said
           Grantees
           in
           the
           aforesaid
           Letters
           ,
           Patents
           named
           ,
           and
           as
           a
           further
           Mark
           of
           Our
           especial
           Favour
           towards
           them
           ,
           We
           are
           Gratiously
           Pleased
           to
           Enlarge
           Our
           said
           Grant
           unto
           them
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Bounds
           and
           Limits
           hereafter
           Specifyed
           ,
           and
           in
           Favour
           to
           the
           Pious
           and
           Noble
           Purpose
           of
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ▪
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           all
           that
           Province
           ,
           Territory
           ,
           or
           Tract
           of
           Ground
           ,
           Scituate
           ,
           lying
           ,
           and
           being
           within
           Our
           Dominions
           of
           America
           aforesaid
           ,
           extending
           North
           and
           Eastward
           ,
           as
           far
           as
           the
           North
           End
           of
           Carahtuke
           River
           ,
           or
           Gulet
           ,
           upon
           a
           streight
           Westerly
           Line
           ,
           to
           Wyonoake
           Creek
           ,
           which
           lyes
           within
           ,
           or
           about
           the
           Degrees
           of
           Thirty
           Six
           ,
           and
           Thirty
           Minutes
           Northern
           Latitude
           ,
           and
           so
           West
           ,
           in
           a
           direct
           Line
           as
           far
           as
           the
           South
           Seas
           ;
           and
           South
           and
           Westward
           ,
           as
           far
           as
           the
           Degrees
           of
           Twenty
           Nine
           Inclusive
           Northern
           Latitude
           ,
           and
           so
           West
           in
           a
           direct
           Line
           ,
           as
           far
           as
           the
           South
           Seas
           ;
           together
           with
           all
           and
           singular
           Ports
           ,
           Harbours
           ,
           Bays
           ,
           Rivers
           and
           Islets
           ,
           belonging
           unto
           the
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           aforesaid
           .
           And
           also
           ,
           all
           the
           Soil
           ,
           Lands
           ,
           Fields
           ,
           Woods
           ,
           Mountains
           ,
           Ferms
           ,
           Lakes
           ,
           Rivers
           ,
           Bays
           and
           Islets
           ,
           scituate
           ,
           or
           being
           within
           the
           Bounds
           ,
           or
           Limits
           ,
           last
           before
           mentioned
           ;
           with
           the
           Fishing
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           Fish
           ,
           
             Whales
             ,
             Sturgeons
          
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           Royal
           Fishes
           in
           the
           Sea
           ,
           Bays
           ,
           Islets
           and
           Rivers
           ,
           within
           the
           Premises
           ,
           and
           the
           Fish
           therein
           taken
           ;
           together
           with
           the
           Royalty
           of
           the
           Sea
           ,
           upon
           the
           Coast
           within
           the
           Limits
           
           aforesaid
           .
           And
           moreover
           ▪
           all
           Veins
           ,
           Mines
           and
           Quarries
           ,
           as
           well
           discovered
           as
           not
           discover'd
           ,
           of
           Gold
           ,
           Silver
           ,
           Gems
           and
           Precious
           Stones
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           whatsoever
           ;
           be
           it
           of
           Stones
           ,
           Mettal
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           thing
           found
           ,
           or
           to
           be
           found
           within
           the
           Province
           ,
           Territory
           ,
           Islets
           and
           Limits
           aforesaid
           .
        
         
           And
           furthermore
           ,
           the
           Patronage
           and
           Avowsons
           of
           all
           the
           Churches
           and
           Chappels
           ,
           which
           as
           Christian
           Religion
           shall
           encrease
           within
           the
           Province
           ,
           Territory
           ,
           Isles
           and
           Limits
           aforesaid
           ,
           shall
           happen
           hereafter
           to
           be
           erected
           ;
           together
           with
           License
           and
           Power
           to
           build
           and
           found
           Churches
           ,
           Chappels
           and
           Oratories
           in
           convenient
           and
           fit
           places
           ,
           within
           the
           said
           Bounds
           and
           Limits
           ;
           and
           to
           cause
           them
           to
           be
           Dedicated
           and
           Consecrated
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Ecclesiastical
           Laws
           of
           Our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ;
           together
           with
           all
           and
           singular
           ,
           the
           like
           ,
           and
           as
           ample
           Rights
           ,
           Jurisdictions
           ,
           Priviledges
           ,
           Prerogatives
           ,
           Royalties
           ,
           Liberties
           ,
           Immunities
           and
           Franchises
           ,
           of
           what
           Kind
           soever
           ,
           within
           the
           Territory
           ,
           Isles
           ,
           Islets
           and
           Limits
           aforesaid
           .
           To
           have
           ,
           hold
           ,
           use
           ,
           exercise
           and
           enjoy
           the
           same
           as
           amply
           ,
           fully
           ,
           and
           in
           as
           ample
           Manner
           as
           any
           Bishop
           of
           Durham
           in
           Our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ,
           ever
           heretofore
           had
           ,
           held
           ,
           used
           ,
           or
           enjoyed
           ,
           or
           of
           right
           ought
           ,
           or
           could
           have
           ,
           use
           ,
           or
           enjoy
           ;
           and
           them
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ;
           We
           do
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           make
           ,
           create
           and
           constitute
           the
           true
           and
           absolute
           Lords
           and
           Proprietors
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           or
           Territory
           ,
           and
           of
           all
           other
           the
           Premises
           ,
           saving
           always
           the
           Faith
           ,
           Allegiance
           and
           Sovereign
           Dominion
           due
           to
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           for
           the
           same
           ;
           to
           have
           ,
           hold
           ,
           possess
           and
           enjoy
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           Territory
           ,
           Islets
           ,
           and
           all
           and
           singular
           ,
           other
           the
           Premises
           ,
           to
           them
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           for
           Ever
           ,
           to
           be
           holden
           of
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           as
           of
           Our
           Mannor
           of
           
             East
             Greenwich
          
           ,
           in
           Kent
           ,
           in
           free
           and
           common
           Soccage
           ,
           and
           not
           in
           Capite
           ,
           or
           by
           
             Knights
             Service
          
           ,
           yeilding
           and
           paying
           yearly
           to
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           for
           the
           same
           the
           fourth
           Part
           of
           all
           Goods
           and
           
           Silver
           Oar
           ,
           which
           within
           the
           Limits
           hereby
           Granted
           ,
           shall
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           happen
           to
           be
           found
           ,
           over
           and
           besides
           the
           Yearly
           Rent
           of
           Twenty
           Marks
           and
           the
           fourth
           part
           of
           the
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           Oar
           ,
           in
           and
           by
           the
           said
           recited
           Letters
           Patents
           reserved
           and
           payable
           .
        
         
           And
           that
           the
           Province
           ,
           or
           Territory
           hereby
           granted
           and
           described
           ,
           may
           be
           dignifyed
           with
           as
           large
           Titles
           and
           Priviledges
           as
           any
           other
           Parts
           of
           our
           Dominions
           and
           Territories
           in
           that
           Region
           .
           Know
           ye
           ,
           That
           We
           ,
           of
           our
           further
           Grace
           ,
           certain
           Knowledge
           and
           meer
           Motion
           ,
           have
           thought
           fit
           to
           annex
           the
           same
           Tract
           of
           Ground
           and
           Territory
           ,
           unto
           the
           same
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           ;
           and
           out
           of
           the
           Fulness
           of
           our
           Royal
           Power
           and
           Prerogative
           ,
           We
           do
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           annex
           and
           unite
           the
           same
           to
           the
           said
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           .
           And
           forasmuch
           as
           We
           have
           made
           and
           ordained
           ,
           the
           aforesaid
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           the
           true
           Lords
           and
           Proprietors
           of
           all
           the
           Province
           or
           Territory
           aforesaid
           .
           Know
           ye
           therefore
           moreover
           ,
           That
           We
           reposing
           especial
           Trust
           and
           Confidence
           in
           their
           Fidelity
           ,
           Wisdom
           ,
           Justice
           and
           provident
           Circumspection
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           do
           grant
           full
           and
           absolute
           Power
           ,
           by
           virtue
           of
           these
           Presents
           ,
           to
           them
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkeley
          
           ▪
           and
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           for
           the
           good
           and
           happy
           Government
           of
           the
           said
           whole
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           full
           Power
           and
           Authority
           to
           erect
           ,
           constitute
           ,
           and
           make
           several
           Counties
           ,
           Baronies
           ,
           and
           Colonies
           ,
           of
           and
           within
           the
           said
           Provinces
           ,
           Territories
           ,
           Lands
           and
           Hereditaments
           ,
           in
           and
           by
           the
           said
           recited
           Letter
           ,
           Patents
           ,
           and
           these
           Presents
           ,
           granted
           ,
           or
           mentioned
           to
           be
           granted
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           with
           several
           and
           distinct
           Jurisdictions
           ,
           Powers
           ,
           Liberties
           and
           Priviledges
           .
           And
           also
           ,
           to
           ordain
           ,
           make
           and
           enact
           ,
           and
           under
           their
           Seals
           ,
           to
           publish
           any
           Laws
           and
           Constitutions
           whatsoever
           ,
           either
           appertaining
           to
           the
           publick
           State
           of
           the
           said
           whole
           Provi●●●
           or
           Territory
           ,
           or
           of
           any
           distinct
           or
           particular
           County
           ,
           Barony
           or
           Colony
           ,
           of
           or
           within
           the
           same
           ,
           or
           to
           the
           private
           Utility
           
           of
           particular
           Persons
           ,
           according
           to
           their
           best
           Discretion
           ,
           by
           and
           with
           the
           Advice
           ,
           Assent
           and
           Approbation
           of
           the
           Freemen
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           or
           of
           the
           Freemen
           of
           the
           County
           ,
           Barony
           or
           Colony
           ,
           for
           which
           such
           Law
           or
           Constitution
           shall
           be
           made
           ,
           or
           the
           greater
           Part
           of
           them
           ,
           or
           of
           their
           Delegates
           or
           Deputies
           ,
           whom
           for
           enacting
           of
           the
           said
           Laws
           ,
           when
           ,
           and
           as
           often
           as
           need
           shall
           require
           ,
           We
           will
           that
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           and
           their
           Heirs
           or
           Assigns
           ,
           shall
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           assemble
           in
           such
           Manner
           and
           Form
           as
           to
           them
           shall
           seem
           best
           :
           And
           the
           same
           Laws
           duly
           to
           execute
           upon
           all
           People
           within
           and
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           County
           ,
           Barony
           or
           Colony
           the
           Limits
           thereof
           ,
           for
           the
           Time
           being
           ,
           which
           shall
           be
           constituted
           under
           the
           Power
           and
           Government
           of
           them
           ,
           or
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           either
           sailing
           towards
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           or
           returning
           from
           thence
           towards
           England
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           of
           our
           ,
           or
           forreign
           Dominions
           ,
           by
           Imposition
           of
           Penalties
           ,
           Imprisonment
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Punishment
           :
           Yea
           ,
           if
           it
           shall
           be
           needful
           ,
           and
           the
           Quality
           of
           the
           Offence
           require
           it
           ,
           by
           taking
           away
           Member
           and
           Life
           ,
           either
           by
           them
           ,
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkeley
          
           and
           their
           Heirs
           ,
           or
           by
           them
           or
           their
           Deputies
           ,
           Lieutenants
           ,
           Judges
           ,
           Justices
           ,
           Magistrates
           ,
           or
           Officers
           whatsoever
           ,
           as
           well
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           as
           at
           Sea
           ,
           in
           such
           Manner
           and
           Form
           as
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           and
           their
           Heirs
           ,
           shall
           seem
           most
           convenient
           :
           Also
           ,
           to
           remit
           ,
           release
           ,
           pardon
           and
           abolish
           ,
           whether
           before
           Judgement
           or
           after
           ,
           all
           Crimes
           and
           Offences
           whatsoever
           ,
           against
           the
           said
           Laws
           ;
           and
           to
           do
           all
           and
           every
           other
           Thing
           and
           Things
           ,
           which
           unto
           the
           ●ompleat
           Establishment
           of
           Justice
           ,
           unto
           ●o●●ts
           ,
           Sessions
           and
           Forms
           of
           Judicature
           ,
           and
           Manners
           of
           proceedings
           therein
           ,
           do
           bel●●g
           ,
           al●●●
           in
           these
           Presents
           ,
           express
           〈…〉
           made
           thereof
           ,
           and
           by
           Judges
           ,
           to
           〈…〉
           process
           ,
           ●●●d
           Pleas
           ,
           and
           determine
           〈…〉
           Judicature
           
           all
           Actions
           ▪
           Suits
           and
           Causes
           whatsoever
           ,
           as
           well
           criminal
           as
           civil
           ,
           real
           ,
           mixt
           ,
           personal
           ,
           or
           of
           any
           other
           Kind
           or
           Nature
           Whatsoever
           :
           Which
           Laws
           so
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           to
           be
           published
           .
           Our
           Pleasure
           is
           ,
           and
           We
           do
           enjoyn
           ,
           require
           and
           command
           ,
           shall
           be
           absolutely
           firm
           and
           available
           in
           Law
           ;
           and
           that
           all
           the
           Leige
           People
           of
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           do
           observe
           and
           keep
           the
           same
           inviolably
           in
           those
           Parts
           ,
           so
           far
           as
           they
           concern
           them
           ,
           under
           the
           Pains
           and
           Penalties
           therein
           expressed
           ,
           or
           to
           be
           expressed
           ;
           provided
           nevertheless
           ,
           that
           the
           said
           Laws
           be
           consonant
           to
           Reason
           ,
           and
           as
           near
           as
           may
           be
           conveniently
           ,
           agreeeble
           to
           the
           Laws
           and
           Customs
           of
           this
           our
           Realm
           of
           England
           .
        
         
           And
           because
           such
           Assemblies
           of
           Free-holders
           cannot
           be
           so
           suddenly
           called
           as
           there
           may
           be
           Occasion
           to
           require
           the
           same
           .
           We
           do
           therefore
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           give
           and
           grant
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           by
           themselves
           or
           their
           Magistrates
           in
           that
           Behalf
           ,
           lawfully
           authorized
           ,
           full
           Power
           and
           Authority
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           to
           make
           and
           ordain
           fit
           and
           wholsome
           Orders
           and
           Ordinances
           ,
           within
           the
           Province
           or
           Territory
           aforesaid
           ,
           or
           any
           County
           ,
           Barony
           or
           Province
           ,
           of
           or
           within
           the
           same
           ,
           to
           be
           kept
           and
           observed
           ,
           as
           well
           for
           the
           keeping
           of
           the
           Peace
           ,
           as
           for
           the
           better
           Government
           of
           the
           People
           there
           abiding
           ,
           and
           to
           publish
           the
           same
           to
           all
           to
           whom
           it
           may
           concern
           :
           Which
           Ordinances
           we
           do
           ,
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           streightly
           charge
           and
           command
           to
           be
           inviolably
           observed
           within
           the
           same
           Province
           ,
           Countys
           ,
           Territorys
           ,
           Baronys
           and
           Provinces
           ,
           under
           the
           Penalties
           therein
           expressed
           ;
           so
           as
           such
           Ordinances
           be
           reasonable
           and
           not
           repugnant
           or
           contrary
           ,
           but
           as
           near
           as
           may
           be
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Laws
           and
           Statutes
           of
           this
           our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ;
           and
           so
           as
           the
           same
           Ordinances
           do
           not
           extend
           to
           the
           binding
           ,
           charging
           or
           taking
           away
           of
           the
           Right
           or
           Interest
           of
           any
           Person
           or
           Persons
           ,
           in
           their
           freehold
           ,
           Goods
           or
           Chattels
           ,
           whatsoever
           .
        
         
           And
           to
           the
           end
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           may
           be
           the
           more
           happily
           encreased
           by
           the
           Multitude
           of
           People
           resorting
           thither
           ,
           and
           may
           likewise
           be
           the
           more
           strongly
           defended
           from
           the
           Incursions
           of
           Savages
           and
           other
           Enemies
           ,
           Pirates
           and
           Robbers
           .
        
         
         
           Therefore
           ,
           We
           for
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           do
           give
           and
           grant
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           Power
           ,
           License
           and
           Liberty
           unto
           all
           the
           Leige
           People
           of
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           in
           our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ,
           or
           elsewhere
           ,
           within
           any
           other
           our
           Dominions
           ,
           Islands
           Colonies
           or
           Plantations
           ;
           (
           excepting
           those
           who
           shall
           be
           especially
           forbidden
           )
           to
           transport
           themselves
           and
           Families
           into
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           with
           convenient
           Shipping
           ,
           and
           fitting
           Provisions
           ;
           and
           there
           to
           settle
           themselves
           ,
           dwell
           and
           inhabit
           ,
           any
           Law
           ,
           Act
           ,
           Statute
           ,
           Ordinance
           ,
           or
           other
           Thing
           to
           the
           contrary
           in
           any
           wise
           ,
           notwithstanding
           .
        
         
           And
           we
           will
           also
           ,
           and
           of
           Our
           especial
           Grace
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           do
           streightly
           enjoyn
           ,
           ordain
           ,
           constitute
           and
           command
           ,
           That
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           shall
           be
           of
           our
           Allegiance
           ;
           and
           that
           all
           and
           singular
           ,
           the
           Subjects
           and
           Leige
           People
           of
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           transported
           ,
           or
           to
           be
           transported
           into
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           and
           the
           Children
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           shall
           descend
           from
           them
           ,
           there
           born
           ,
           or
           hereafter
           to
           be
           born
           ,
           be
           ,
           and
           shall
           be
           Denizens
           and
           Leiges
           of
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           of
           this
           our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           be
           in
           all
           Things
           ,
           held
           ,
           treated
           and
           reputed
           as
           the
           Leige
           faithful
           People
           of
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           born
           within
           this
           our
           said
           Kingdom
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           of
           our
           Dominions
           ;
           and
           may
           inherit
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           purchase
           and
           receive
           ,
           take
           ,
           hold
           ,
           buy
           and
           possess
           any
           Lands
           ,
           Tenements
           or
           Hereditaments
           ,
           within
           the
           said
           Places
           ,
           and
           them
           may
           occupy
           ,
           and
           enjoy
           ,
           sell
           ,
           alien
           and
           bequeath
           ;
           as
           likewise
           ,
           all
           Liberties
           ,
           Franchises
           and
           Priviledges
           of
           this
           our
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           of
           other
           our
           Dominions
           aforesaid
           ,
           may
           freely
           and
           quietly
           have
           ,
           possess
           and
           enjoy
           ,
           as
           our
           Leige
           People
           born
           within
           the
           same
           ,
           without
           the
           Molestation
           ,
           Vexation
           ,
           Trouble
           or
           Grievance
           of
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           any
           Act
           ,
           Statute
           ,
           Ordinance
           ,
           Provision
           to
           the
           contrary
           ,
           notwithstanding
           .
        
         
           And
           furthermore
           ,
           That
           Our
           Subjects
           of
           this
           Our
           said
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           other
           our
           Dominions
           ,
           may
           be
           the
           rather
           encouraged
           to
           undertake
           this
           Expedition
           ,
           with
           ready
           and
           chearful
           Means
           .
           Know
           Ye
           ,
           That
           We
           ,
           of
           Our
           especial
           Grace
           ,
           certain
           Knowledge
           and
           meer
           Motion
           ,
           do
           give
           and
           grant
           ,
           by
           virtue
           of
           these
           Presents
           ,
           as
           well
           to
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           and
           
           their
           Heirs
           ,
           as
           unto
           all
           others
           as
           shall
           ,
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           repair
           unto
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           with
           a
           Purpose
           to
           in
           habit
           there
           ,
           or
           to
           trade
           with
           the
           Natives
           thereof
           ▪
           Full
           Liberty
           and
           License
           to
           lade
           and
           freight
           in
           every
           Port
           whatsoever
           ,
           of
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ;
           and
           into
           the
           said
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           by
           them
           ,
           their
           Servants
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           to
           transport
           all
           and
           singular
           ,
           their
           Goods
           ,
           Wares
           and
           Merchandizes
           ;
           as
           likewise
           ,
           all
           sort
           of
           Grain
           whatsoever
           ,
           and
           any
           other
           Thing
           whatsoever
           ,
           necessary
           for
           their
           Food
           and
           Cloathing
           ,
           not
           prohibited
           by
           the
           Laws
           and
           Statutes
           of
           our
           Kingdom
           and
           Dominions
           ,
           to
           be
           carried
           out
           of
           the
           same
           ,
           without
           any
           Lett
           or
           Molestation
           of
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           or
           of
           any
           other
           our
           Officers
           or
           Ministers
           whatsoever
           ;
           saving
           also
           to
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           the
           Customs
           ,
           and
           other
           Duties
           and
           Payments
           due
           for
           the
           said
           Wares
           and
           Merchandizes
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           several
           Rates
           of
           the
           Places
           from
           whence
           the
           same
           shall
           be
           transported
           .
        
         
           We
           will
           also
           ,
           and
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           do
           give
           and
           grant
           License
           by
           this
           our
           Charter
           ,
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           and
           to
           all
           the
           Inhabitants
           and
           Dwellers
           in
           the
           Province
           or
           Territory
           aforesaid
           ,
           both
           present
           and
           to
           come
           ,
           full
           Power
           and
           absolute
           Authority
           to
           import
           or
           unlade
           by
           themselves
           ,
           or
           their
           Servants
           ,
           Factors
           or
           Assigns
           ,
           all
           Merchandizes
           and
           Goods
           whatsoever
           ,
           that
           shall
           arise
           of
           the
           Fruits
           and
           Commodities
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           either
           by
           Land
           or
           Sea
           ,
           into
           any
           the
           Ports
           of
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           in
           our
           Kingdom
           of
           
             England
             ,
             Scotland
          
           or
           Ireland
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           ,
           to
           dispose
           of
           the
           said
           Goods
           ,
           in
           the
           said
           Ports
           .
           And
           if
           need
           be
           ,
           within
           one
           Year
           next
           after
           the
           unlading
           ,
           to
           lade
           the
           said
           Merchandizes
           and
           Goods
           again
           into
           the
           same
           ,
           or
           other
           Ships
           ;
           and
           to
           export
           the
           same
           into
           any
           other
           Countrys
           ,
           either
           of
           our
           Dominions
           or
           forreign
           ,
           being
           in
           Amity
           with
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           so
           as
           they
           pay
           such
           Customs
           ,
           Subsidies
           and
           other
           Duties
           for
           the
           same
           to
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           as
           the
           rest
           of
           our
           Subjects
           of
           this
           our
           Kingdom
           ,
           for
           the
           Time
           being
           ,
           shall
           be
           bound
           to
           pay
           .
           Beyond
           which
           We
           will
           not
           that
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           shall
           be
           any
           ways
           charged
           .
           Provided
           ,
           nevertheless
           ,
           and
           our
           Will
           and
           Pleasure
           is
           ,
           and
           We
           have
           further
           ,
           for
           the
           Considerations
           aforesaid
           ,
           of
           our
           〈…〉
           certain
           Knowledge
           and
           meer
           
           Motion
           ,
           given
           and
           granted
           ,
           and
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           〈…〉
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           do
           give
           and
           grant
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           full
           and
           free
           License
           ,
           Liberty
           ,
           Power
           and
           Authority
           ,
           at
           any
           Time
           or
           Times
           ,
           from
           and
           after
           the
           Feast
           of
           S●
           Michael
           the
           Arch-Angel
           ,
           which
           shall
           be
           in
           the
           Year
           of
           our
           Lord
           Christ
           ,
           One
           Thousand
           Six
           Hundred
           ,
           Sixty
           and
           Seven
           ;
           as
           we●●
           to
           import
           and
           bring
           into
           any
           our
           Dominions
           from
           the
           said
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           or
           any
           Part
           thereof
           ,
           the
           several
           Goods
           and
           Commodities
           herein
           after
           mentioned
           ;
           That
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           Silks
           ,
           Wines
           ,
           Currants
           ,
           Raysons
           ,
           Capers
           ,
           Wax
           ,
           Almonds
           ,
           Oyl
           and
           Olives
           ,
           without
           paying
           or
           answering
           to
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           any
           Custom
           ,
           Impost
           ,
           or
           other
           Duty
           ,
           for
           ,
           or
           in
           respect
           thereof
           ,
           for
           an
           during
           the
           Time
           and
           Space
           of
           Seven
           Years
           to
           commence
           and
           be
           accompted
           from
           and
           after
           the
           first
           Importation
           of
           Four
           Tons
           of
           any
           the
           said
           Goods
           ,
           in
           any
           one
           Bottom
           Ship
           or
           Vessel
           ,
           from
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           into
           any
           of
           our
           Dominions
           ;
           as
           also
           ,
           to
           export
           and
           carry
           out
           of
           any
           of
           our
           Dominions
           into
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           Custom-free
           ,
           all
           sorts
           of
           Tools
           ,
           which
           shall
           be
           useful
           or
           necessary
           for
           the
           Planters
           there
           ,
           in
           the
           Accomodation
           and
           Improvement
           of
           the
           Premises
           ,
           any
           thing
           before
           in
           these
           Presents
           contained
           ,
           or
           any
           Law
           ,
           Act
           ,
           Statute
           ,
           Prohibibition
           ,
           or
           other
           Matter
           or
           Thing
           ,
           heretofore
           had
           ,
           made
           ,
           enacted
           or
           provided
           ,
           or
           hereafter
           to
           be
           had
           ,
           made
           ,
           enacted
           or
           provided
           ,
           in
           any
           wise
           notwithstanding
           .
        
         
           And
           furthermore
           ,
           of
           our
           more
           ample
           and
           especial
           Grace
           ,
           certain
           Knowledge
           and
           meer
           Motion
           ,
           We
           do
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           grant
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           full
           and
           absolute
           Power
           and
           Authority
           to
           make
           ,
           erect
           and
           constitute
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           and
           the
           Isles
           and
           Islets
           aforesaid
           ,
           such
           and
           so
           many
           Sea-Ports
           ,
           Harbours
           ,
           Creeks
           and
           other
           Places
           for
           discharge
           and
           unlading
           of
           Goods
           and
           Merchandizes
           out
           of
           Ships
           ,
           Boats
           ,
           and
           other
           Vessels
           ,
           and
           for
           lading
           of
           them
           in
           such
           and
           so
           many
           Places
           ,
           〈…〉
           such
           Jurisdictions
           ,
           Priviledges
           and
           Franchises
           ,
           unto
           the
           said
           Ports
           belonging
           ,
           as
           to
           them
           shall
           seem
           most
           exped
           〈…〉
           And
           〈…〉
           ngular
           ,
           the
           
           Ships
           ,
           Boats
           and
           other
           Vessels
           ,
           which
           shall
           come
           for
           Merchandizes
           ,
           and
           trade
           into
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           or
           shall
           depart
           out
           of
           the
           same
           ,
           shall
           be
           laden
           and
           unladen
           at
           such
           Ports
           only
           ,
           as
           shall
           be
           erected
           and
           constituted
           by
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           and
           not
           elsewhere
           ,
           any
           Use
           ,
           Custom
           ,
           or
           any
           thing
           to
           the
           contrary
           in
           any
           wise
           notwithstanding
           .
        
         
           And
           We
           do
           furthermore
           will
           ,
           appoint
           and
           ordain
           ,
           and
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           do
           grant
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkely
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           That
           they
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           may
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           for
           ever
           ,
           have
           and
           enjoy
           the
           Customs
           and
           Subsidies
           in
           the
           Ports
           Harbours
           ,
           Creeks
           and
           other
           Places
           within
           the
           Province
           aforesaid
           ,
           payable
           for
           the
           Goods
           ,
           Merchandizes
           and
           Wares
           there
           laded
           ,
           or
           be
           laded
           or
           unladed
           ,
           the
           said
           Customs
           to
           be
           reasonably
           assessed
           to
           upon
           any
           Occasion
           by
           themselves
           ,
           and
           by
           and
           with
           the
           Consent
           of
           the
           free
           People
           ,
           or
           the
           greater
           Part
           of
           them
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           ;
           to
           whom
           We
           give
           Power
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           upon
           just
           Cause
           and
           in
           a
           due
           Proportion
           to
           assess
           and
           impose
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           And
           further
           ,
           of
           our
           especial
           Grace
           ,
           certain
           Knowledge
           and
           meer
           Motion
           ,
           we
           have
           given
           ,
           granted
           and
           confirmed
           ,
           and
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           do
           give
           ,
           grant
           and
           confirm
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           full
           and
           absolute
           Power
           ,
           License
           and
           Authority
           ,
           that
           they
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Earl
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           .
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           hereafter
           for
           ever
           ,
           at
           his
           and
           their
           Will
           and
           Pleasure
           ,
           may
           assign
           ,
           alien
           ,
           grant
           ,
           demise
           or
           enfeoff
           the
           Premises
           or
           any
           Part
           or
           Parcell
           thereof
           to
           him
           or
           them
           ,
           that
           
           shall
           be
           willing
           to
           purchase
           the
           same
           ,
           and
           to
           such
           Person
           and
           Persons
           ,
           as
           they
           shall
           think
           fit
           ,
           to
           have
           ,
           and
           to
           hold
           to
           them
           the
           said
           Person
           or
           Persons
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           in
           Fee
           simple
           or
           in
           Fee
           Tayle
           ,
           or
           for
           the
           Term
           of
           Life
           or
           Lives
           ,
           or
           Years
           to
           be
           held
           of
           them
           ,
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           by
           such
           Rents
           ,
           Services
           and
           Customs
           ,
           as
           shall
           seem
           fit
           to
           them
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           and
           not
           of
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           :
           And
           to
           the
           same
           Person
           and
           Persons
           ,
           and
           to
           all
           and
           every
           of
           them
           ,
           We
           do
           give
           and
           grant
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           License
           ,
           Authority
           and
           Power
           ,
           that
           such
           Person
           or
           Persons
           ,
           may
           have
           and
           take
           the
           Premises
           ,
           or
           any
           Parcel
           thereof
           ,
           of
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           Of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             VVilliam
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkely
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           and
           the
           same
           to
           hold
           to
           themselves
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           or
           Assigns
           ,
           in
           what
           Estate
           of
           Inheritance
           soever
           ,
           in
           Fee
           simple
           ,
           or
           in
           Fee
           Tayle
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           ,
           as
           to
           them
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           shall
           seem
           expedient
           .
           The
           Statute
           in
           the
           Parliament
           of
           Edward
           ,
           Son
           of
           King
           Henry
           ,
           heretofore
           King
           of
           England
           ,
           our
           Predecessor
           ,
           commonly
           called
           ,
           The
           Statute
           of
           
             Quia
             Emptores
             Terrar
          
           ;
           or
           any
           other
           Satute
           ,
           Act
           ,
           Ordinance
           ,
           Use
           ,
           Law
           ,
           Custom
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Matter
           ,
           Cause
           or
           Thing
           heretofore
           published
           or
           provided
           to
           the
           contrary
           in
           any
           wise
           notwithstanding
           .
        
         
           And
           because
           many
           Persons
           born
           and
           inhabiting
           in
           the
           said
           Province
           for
           their
           Deserts
           and
           Services
           may
           expect
           ,
           and
           be
           capable
           of
           Marks
           of
           Honour
           and
           Favour
           ,
           which
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           great
           Distance
           cannot
           conveniently
           be
           conferred
           by
           Us
           ;
           our
           Will
           and
           Pleasure
           therefore
           is
           ,
           and
           We
           do
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           give
           and
           grant
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           〈◊〉
           
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           full
           Power
           and
           Authority
           to
           give
           and
           conferr
           unto
           ,
           and
           upon
           such
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           or
           Territory
           ,
           as
           they
           shall
           think
           ,
           do
           ,
           or
           shall
           merit
           the
           same
           ,
           such
           Marks
           of
           Favour
           ,
           and
           Titles
           of
           Honour
           ,
           as
           they
           shall
           think
           fit
           ,
           so
           as
           their
           Titles
           or
           Honours
           be
           not
           the
           same
           as
           are
           enjoyed
           by
           ,
           or
           conferred
           upon
           any
           of
           the
           Subjects
           of
           this
           Our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           .
        
         
           And
           further
           also
           ,
           We
           do
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           give
           and
           Grant
           ,
           License
           to
           them
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           full
           Power
           ,
           Liberty
           and
           License
           ,
           to
           Erect
           ,
           Raise
           and
           Build
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           and
           Places
           aforesaid
           ,
           or
           any
           Part
           or
           Parts
           thereof
           ,
           such
           and
           so
           many
           Forts
           ,
           Fortresses
           ,
           Castles
           ,
           Cities
           ,
           Burroughs
           ,
           Towns
           ,
           Villages
           and
           other
           Fortifications
           whatsoever
           ;
           and
           the
           same
           or
           any
           of
           them
           to
           Fortify
           and
           Furnish
           with
           Ordnance
           ,
           Powder
           ,
           Shot
           ,
           Armour
           and
           all
           other
           Weapons
           ,
           Ammunition
           and
           Habiliments
           of
           War
           ,
           both
           Defensive
           and
           Offensive
           ,
           as
           shall
           be
           thought
           fit
           and
           convenient
           for
           the
           Safety
           and
           Welfare
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           and
           Places
           ,
           or
           any
           Part
           thereof
           ;
           And
           the
           same
           ,
           or
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           as
           Occasion
           shall
           require
           ,
           to
           Dismantle
           ,
           Disfurnish
           ,
           Demolish
           and
           pull
           down
           ;
           And
           also
           to
           Place
           ,
           Constitute
           and
           Appoint
           in
           ,
           or
           over
           all
           ,
           or
           any
           of
           the
           said
           Castles
           ,
           Forts
           ,
           Fortifications
           ,
           Cities
           ,
           Towns
           and
           Places
           aforesaid
           ,
           Governours
           ,
           Deputy
           Governours
           ,
           Magistrates
           ,
           Sheriffs
           and
           other
           Officers
           ,
           Civil
           and
           Military
           ,
           as
           to
           them
           shall
           seem
           meet
           ;
           And
           to
           the
           said
           Cities
           ,
           Burroughs
           ,
           Towns
           ,
           Villages
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Place
           ,
           or
           Places
           ,
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           to
           Grant
           Letters
           or
           Charters
           of
           Incorporation
           ,
           with
           all
           Liberties
           ,
           Franchises
           and
           Priviledges
           requisite
           ,
           or
           usual
           ,
           or
           to
           ,
           or
           within
           this
           Our
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           granted
           ,
           or
           belonging
           ;
           And
           in
           the
           same
           Citties
           ,
           Burroughs
           ,
           Towns
           and
           other
           Places
           ,
           to
           Constitute
           ,
           Erect
           and
           Appoint
           such
           ,
           and
           so
           many
           Markets
           ,
           Marts
           and
           Fairs
           ,
           as
           shall
           in
           that
           Behalf
           be
           thought
           fit
           and
           necessary
           ;
           And
           further
           also
           ,
           to
           Erect
           and
           Make
           in
           the
           Province
           or
           Territory
           aforesaid
           ,
           or
           any
           Part
           thereof
           ,
           so
           man
           Mannors
           with
           such
           Signories
           as
           to
           them
           shall
           seem
           meet
           and
           convenient
           ,
           and
           in
           every
           of
           the
           same
           Mannors
           to
           have
           and
           to
           hold
           a
           Court-Baron
           
           with
           all
           Things
           whatsoever
           ,
           which
           to
           a
           Court-Baron
           do
           belong
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           and
           to
           hold
           Views
           of
           Franck
           Pledge
           ,
           and
           Courts-Leet
           ,
           for
           the
           Conservation
           of
           the
           Peace
           ,
           and
           better
           Government
           of
           those
           Parts
           ,
           with
           such
           Limits
           ,
           Jurisdiction
           and
           Precincts
           ,
           as
           by
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkely
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           or
           their
           Heirs
           ,
           shall
           be
           appointed
           for
           that
           purpose
           ,
           with
           all
           things
           whatsoever
           ,
           which
           to
           a
           Court
           Leet
           ,
           or
           view
           of
           Franck
           Pledge
           ;
           do
           belong
           ,
           the
           same
           Courts
           to
           be
           holden
           by
           Stewards
           ,
           to
           be
           Deputed
           and
           Authorized
           by
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           or
           their
           Heirs
           ,
           by
           the
           Lords
           of
           the
           Mannors
           and
           Leets
           ,
           for
           the
           Time
           being
           ,
           when
           the
           same
           shall
           be
           Erected
           .
        
         
           And
           because
           that
           in
           so
           remote
           a
           Country
           ,
           and
           Scituate
           among
           so
           many
           Barbarous
           Nations
           ,
           the
           Invasions
           as
           well
           of
           Salvages
           as
           other
           Enemies
           ,
           Pirates
           ,
           and
           Robbers
           may
           probably
           be
           feared
           ;
           Therefore
           We
           have
           Given
           ,
           and
           for
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           do
           give
           Power
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           or
           Assigns
           by
           themselves
           ,
           or
           their
           Captains
           ,
           or
           other
           Officers
           to
           Levy
           ,
           Muster
           and
           Train
           up
           all
           sorts
           of
           Men
           ,
           of
           what
           Condition
           soever
           ,
           or
           wheresoever
           Born
           ,
           whether
           in
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           or
           elsewhere
           ,
           for
           the
           Time
           being
           ;
           And
           to
           make
           War
           and
           pursue
           the
           Enemies
           aforesaid
           ,
           as
           well
           by
           Sea
           ,
           as
           by
           Land
           ;
           yea
           ,
           even
           without
           the
           Limits
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           and
           by
           God's
           Assistance
           ,
           to
           Vanquish
           and
           Take
           them
           ,
           and
           being
           Taken
           ,
           to
           put
           them
           to
           Death
           by
           the
           Law
           of
           War
           ,
           and
           to
           save
           them
           at
           their
           Pleasure
           ;
           And
           to
           do
           all
           and
           every
           other
           thing
           ,
           which
           to
           the
           Charge
           and
           Office
           of
           a
           Captain
           General
           of
           an
           Army
           belongeth
           ,
           or
           hath
           accustomed
           to
           belong
           ,
           as
           fully
           and
           freely
           as
           any
           Captain
           General
           of
           an
           Army
           hath
           had
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           Also
           ,
           Our
           Will
           and
           Pleasure
           is
           ,
           and
           by
           this
           Our
           Charter
           ,
           We
           do
           give
           and
           grant
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Lord
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             Gorge
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           full
           Power
           ,
           Liberty
           and
           Authority
           in
           Case
           of
           Rebellion
           ,
           Tumult
           ,
           or
           Sedition
           (
           if
           any
           should
           happen
           which
           God
           forbid
           )
           either
           upon
           the
           Land
           within
           the
           Province
           aforesaid
           ,
           or
           upon
           the
           main
           Sea
           ,
           in
           making
           a
           Voyage
           thither
           ,
           or
           returning
           from
           thence
           ,
           by
           him
           and
           themselves
           ,
           their
           Captains
           ,
           Deputies
           or
           Officers
           ,
           to
           be
           authorized
           under
           his
           or
           their
           Seals
           ,
           for
           that
           purpose
           :
           To
           whom
           also
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           We
           do
           give
           and
           grant
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           full
           Power
           and
           Authority
           to
           exercise
           Martial
           Law
           against
           mutinous
           and
           seditious
           Persons
           of
           those
           Parts
           ;
           such
           as
           shall
           refuse
           to
           submit
           themselves
           to
           their
           Government
           ,
           or
           shall
           refuse
           to
           serve
           in
           the
           Wars
           ,
           or
           shall
           fly
           to
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           or
           forsake
           their
           Colours
           or
           Ensigns
           ,
           or
           be
           Loyterers
           or
           Straglers
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           howsoever
           offending
           against
           Law
           ,
           Custom
           ,
           or
           Military
           Discipline
           ,
           as
           freely
           ,
           and
           in
           as
           ample
           Manner
           and
           Form
           as
           any
           Captain
           General
           of
           an
           Army
           ,
           by
           virtue
           of
           his
           Office
           ,
           might
           ,
           or
           hath
           accustomed
           to
           use
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           And
           Our
           further
           Pleasure
           is
           ,
           and
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           for
           Us
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           We
           do
           grant
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Tenants
           and
           Inhabitants
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           or
           Territory
           ,
           both
           present
           and
           to
           come
           ,
           and
           to
           every
           of
           them
           ,
           that
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           or
           Territory
           ,
           and
           the
           Tennants
           and
           Inhabitants
           thereof
           ,
           shall
           not
           from
           henceforth
           ,
           be
           held
           or
           reputed
           any
           Member
           ,
           or
           Part
           of
           any
           Collony
           whatsoever
           ,
           in
           America
           or
           elsewhere
           ,
           now
           transported
           or
           made
           ,
           or
           hereafter
           to
           be
           transported
           or
           made
           ;
           nor
           shall
           be
           depending
           on
           ,
           or
           subject
           to
           their
           Government
           in
           any
           Thing
           ,
           but
           be
           absolutely
           separated
           and
           divided
           from
           the
           same
           :
           And
           our
           Pleasure
           is
           ,
           by
           these
           Presents
           ,
           That
           they
           be
           separated
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           be
           subject
           immediately
           to
           our
           Crown
           of
           England
           ,
           as
           depending
           thereof
           for
           ever
           .
           And
           that
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           nor
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           shall
           at
           any
           Time
           hereafter
           ,
           be
           compelled
           or
           compellable
           ,
           or
           be
           any
           ways
           subject
           ,
           or
           li●●●●
           to
           appear
           or
           answer
           to
           any
           Matter
           ,
           Suit
           ,
           Cause
           ,
           or
           Plaint
           whatsoever
           ,
           out
           of
           the
           Province
           or
           Territory
           aforesaid
           ,
           in
           any
           other
           of
           our
           〈◊〉
           ,
           Collonies
           or
           Dominions
           in
           America
           ,
           or
           elsewhere
           ,
           other
           than
           in
           our
           〈◊〉
           of
           England
           and
           Dominion
           of
           Wales
           .
        
         
         
           And
           because
           it
           may
           happen
           ,
           That
           some
           of
           the
           People
           and
           Inhabitants
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           cannot
           in
           their
           private
           Opinions
           conform
           to
           the
           Publick
           Exercise
           of
           Religion
           according
           to
           the
           Liturgy
           ,
           Forms
           and
           Ceremonies
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           or
           take
           or
           subscribe
           the
           Oaths
           and
           Articles
           made
           and
           established
           in
           that
           Behalf
           :
           And
           for
           that
           the
           same
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           remote
           Distances
           of
           those
           Places
           will
           as
           we
           hope
           ,
           be
           no
           Breach
           of
           the
           Unity
           ,
           and
           Conformity
           ,
           Established
           in
           this
           Nation
           .
           Our
           Will
           and
           Pleasure
           therefore
           is
           ,
           and
           We
           do
           by
           these
           Presents
           for
           Us
           ,
           Our
           Heirs
           ,
           and
           Successors
           ,
           Give
           and
           Grant
           unto
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           full
           and
           free
           Licence
           ,
           Liberty
           and
           Authority
           ,
           by
           such
           Ways
           and
           Means
           as
           they
           shall
           think
           fit
           ,
           To
           Give
           and
           Grant
           unto
           such
           Person
           and
           Persons
           ,
           Inhabiting
           ,
           and
           being
           withi
           the
           said
           Province
           or
           Territory
           ,
           hereby
           or
           by
           the
           said
           recited
           Letters
           Patents
           ,
           mentioned
           to
           be
           granted
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           or
           any
           Part
           thereof
           ,
           such
           Indulgencies
           and
           Dispensations
           ,
           in
           that
           Behalf
           ,
           for
           ,
           and
           during
           such
           Time
           and
           Times
           ,
           and
           with
           such
           Limitations
           and
           Restrictions
           as
           they
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             VVilliam
             Berkely
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           ,
           or
           Assigns
           ,
           shall
           in
           their
           Discretion
           think
           fit
           and
           reasonable
           .
           And
           that
           no
           Person
           or
           Persons
           ,
           unto
           whom
           such
           Liberty
           shall
           be
           given
           ,
           shall
           be
           any
           way
           molested
           ,
           punished
           ,
           disquieted
           ,
           or
           called
           in
           question
           for
           any
           Differences
           in
           Opinion
           or
           Practise
           ,
           in
           Matters
           of
           Religious
           Concernment
           ,
           who
           do
           not
           actually
           disturb
           the
           civil
           Peace
           of
           the
           Province
           ,
           County
           or
           Colony
           ,
           that
           they
           shall
           make
           their
           abode
           in
           .
           But
           all
           and
           every
           such
           Person
           and
           Persons
           ,
           may
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           ,
           and
           at
           all
           Times
           ,
           freely
           and
           quietly
           have
           and
           enjoy
           his
           and
           their
           Judgments
           and
           Consciences
           ,
           in
           Matters
           of
           Religion
           ,
           throughout
           all
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           or
           Colony
           ,
           they
           behaving
           them selves
           peaceably
           ,
           and
           〈◊〉
           this
           Liberty
           to
           Licentiousness
           ,
           nor
           to
           the
           Civil
           Injury
           or
           outward
           Disturbance
           of
           others
           .
           Any
           Law
           ,
           Statute
           or
           Clause
           contained
           ,
           or
           to
           be
           contained
           ,
           〈◊〉
           or
           Customs
           of
           our
           Realm
           of
           England
           to
           the
           contrary
           hereof
           :
           any
           〈◊〉
           notwithstanding
           .
        
         
         
           And
           in
           Case
           it
           shall
           happen
           ,
           That
           any
           Doubts
           or
           Questions
           should
           arise
           concerning
           the
           True
           Sense
           and
           Understanding
           of
           any
           Word
           ,
           Clause
           ,
           or
           Sentence
           ,
           contained
           in
           this
           Our
           Present
           Charter
           ,
           We
           will
           ,
           Ordain
           ,
           and
           Command
           ,
           that
           at
           all
           Times
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           Things
           ,
           such
           Interpretations
           be
           made
           thereof
           ,
           and
           allow'd
           in
           all
           and
           every
           of
           Our
           Courts
           whatsoever
           ,
           as
           Lawfully
           may
           be
           Adjudged
           most
           Advantageous
           and
           Favourable
           to
           the
           said
           Edward
           Earl
           of
           
             Clarendon
             ,
             George
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Albemarle
             ,
             William
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Craven
             ,
             John
          
           Lord
           
             Berkeley
             ,
             Anthony
          
           Lord
           Ashley
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Carterett
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Colleton
          
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Berkeley
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ,
           although
           Express
           Mention
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             Witness
             our Self
             at
             Westminster
             ,
             
               the
               Thirtieth
               Day
               of
               June
               ,
               in
               the
               Seventeenth
               Year
               of
               our
               Reign
               .
            
          
           
             Per
             ipsum
             Regem
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Fundamental
           Constitutions
           OF
           CAROLINA
           .
        
         
           OUR
           Sovereign
           Lord
           the
           King
           having
           out
           of
           His
           Royal
           Grace
           and
           Bounty
           ,
           granted
           unto
           us
           the
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           Royalties
           ,
           Proprieties
           ,
           Jurisdictions
           and
           Privileges
           of
           a
           
             County
             Palatine
          
           ,
           as
           large
           and
           ample
           as
           the
           County
           Palatine
           of
           Durham
           ,
           with
           other
           great
           Privileges
           ;
           for
           the
           better
           Settlement
           of
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           said
           Place
           ,
           and
           establishing
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Lords
           Proprietors
           with
           Equality
           ,
           and
           without
           Confusion
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Government
           of
           this
           Province
           may
           be
           made
           most
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Monarchy
           under
           which
           we
           live
           ,
           and
           of
           which
           this
           Province
           is
           a
           Part
           ;
           and
           that
           we
           may
           avoid
           erecting
           a
           numerous
           Democracy
           ,
           we
           the
           Lords
           and
           Proprietors
           of
           the
           Province
           aforesaid
           ,
           have
           agreed
           to
           this
           following
           Form
           of
           Government
           ,
           to
           be
           perpetually
           established
           amongst
           us
           ,
           unto
           which
           we
           do
           oblige
           our selves
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           in
           the
           most
           binding
           Ways
           that
           can
           be
           devised
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           1.
           
           THE
           Eldest
           of
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           shall
           be
           Palatine
           ,
           and
           upon
           the
           Decease
           of
           the
           Palatine
           ,
           the
           Eldest
           of
           the
           Seven
           surviving
           Proprietors
           shall
           always
           succeed
           him
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           2.
           
           There
           shall
           be
           Seven
           other
           
             Chief
             Offices
          
           erected
           ,
           viz.
           The
           
             Admirals
             ,
             Chamberlains
             ,
             Chancellors
             ,
             Constable
             ,
             Chief-Justices
             ,
             High-Stewards
          
           and
           Treasurers
           ;
           which
           Places
           shall
           be
           enjoy'd
           by
           none
           but
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           ,
           to
           be
           〈◊〉
           at
           first
           〈…〉
           upon
           the
           Vacancy
           of
           any
           one
           of
           the
           Seven
           Great
           〈…〉
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           ,
           the
           Eldest
           Proprietor
           shall
           〈…〉
           the
           said
           Place
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           3.
           
           The
           whole
           Province
           shall
           be
           〈◊〉
           into
           Counties
           ;
           each
           County
           shall
           consist
           of
           Eight
           〈◊〉
           ,
           Eight
           Baronies
           ,
           and
           Four
           Precincts
           ,
           each
           Precinct
           shall
           consist
           of
           Six
           Colonies
           .
        
         
         
           §
           .
           4.
           
           Each
           
             Signiory
             ,
             Barony
          
           and
           Colony
           ,
           shall
           consist
           of
           Twelve
           Thousand
           Acres
           ,
           the
           Eight
           Signiories
           being
           the
           Share
           of
           the
           Eight
           Proprietors
           ,
           and
           the
           Eight
           Baronies
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           both
           which
           Shares
           being
           each
           of
           them
           one
           Fifth
           part
           of
           the
           Whole
           ,
           are
           to
           be
           perpetually
           annex'd
           the
           one
           to
           the
           Proprietors
           ,
           the
           other
           to
           the
           Hereditary
           Nobility
           ,
           leaving
           the
           Colonies
           ,
           being
           Three
           Fifths
           ,
           amongst
           the
           People
           ;
           that
           so
           in
           setting
           out
           ,
           and
           planting
           the
           Lands
           ,
           the
           Ballance
           of
           the
           Government
           may
           be
           preserved
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           5.
           
           At
           any
           Time
           before
           the
           Year
           One
           Thousand
           Seven
           Hundred
           and
           One
           ,
           any
           of
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           shall
           have
           Power
           to
           
             relinquish
             ,
             alienate
          
           ,
           and
           dispose
           to
           any
           other
           Person
           ,
           his
           Proprietorship
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Signiories
           ,
           Powers
           ,
           and
           Interest
           thereunto
           belonging
           ,
           wholly
           and
           intirely
           together
           ,
           and
           not
           otherwise
           .
           But
           after
           the
           Year
           One
           Thousand
           Seven
           Hundred
           ,
           those
           who
           are
           then
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           ,
           shall
           not
           have
           Power
           to
           Alienate
           ,
           or
           
             Make
             over
          
           their
           Proprietorship
           ,
           with
           the
           Signories
           and
           Privileges
           thereunto
           belonging
           ,
           or
           any
           Part
           thereof
           ,
           to
           any
           Person
           whatsoever
           ,
           otherwise
           than
           as
           in
           §
           .
           18.
           but
           it
           shall
           all
           descend
           unto
           their
           
             Heirs
             Male
          
           ;
           and
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           
             Heirs
             Male
          
           ,
           it
           shall
           all
           descend
           on
           that
           Landgrave
           or
           Cassique
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           who
           is
           descended
           of
           the
           next
           
             Heirs
             Female
          
           of
           the
           said
           Proprietor
           ;
           and
           for
           want
           of
           such
           Heirs
           ,
           it
           shall
           descend
           on
           the
           next
           
             Heir
             general
          
           ;
           and
           for
           want
           of
           such
           Heirs
           ,
           the
           remaining
           Seven
           Proprietors
           ,
           shall
           ,
           upon
           the
           Vacancy
           ,
           chuse
           a
           Landgrave
           to
           succeed
           the
           deceased
           Proprietor
           ,
           who
           being
           chosen
           by
           the
           Majority
           of
           the
           Seven
           surviving
           Proprietors
           ,
           he
           and
           his
           Heirs
           successively
           shall
           be
           Proprietors
           ,
           as
           fully
           to
           all
           Intents
           and
           Purposes
           as
           any
           of
           the
           Rest
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           6.
           
           That
           the
           Number
           of
           Eight
           Proprietors
           may
           be
           constantly
           kept
           ;
           if
           upon
           the
           Vacancy
           of
           any
           Proprietorship
           ,
           the
           Seven
           surviving
           Proprietors
           shall
           not
           chuse
           a
           Landgrave
           to
           be
           a
           Proprietor
           ,
           before
           the
           Second
           biennial
           Parliament
           after
           the
           Vacancy
           ;
           then
           the
           next
           biennial
           Parliament
           but
           one
           ,
           after
           such
           Vacancy
           ,
           shall
           have
           Power
           to
           chuse
           any
           Landgrave
           to
           be
           Proprietor
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           7.
           
           Whosoever
           after
           the
           Year
           One
           Thousand
           Seven
           Hundred
           ,
           either
           by
           Inheritance
           or
           Choice
           ,
           shall
           succeed
           any
           Proprietor
           in
           his
           Proprietorship
           ,
           and
           Signiories
           thereunto
           belonging
           ,
           shall
           be
           obliged
           to
           take
           the
           Name
           and
           Arms
           of
           that
           Proprietor
           whom
           he
           succeeds
           ;
           which
           from
           thenceforth
           shall
           be
           the
           Name
           and
           Arms
           of
           his
           Family
           and
           their
           Posterity
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           8.
           
           Whatsoever
           Landgrave
           or
           Cassique
           shall
           any
           way
           come
           to
           be
           a
           Proprietor
           ,
           shall
           take
           the
           Signiories
           annex'd
           to
           the
           said
           Proprietorship
           ;
           but
           
           his
           former
           Dignity
           ,
           with
           the
           Baronies
           annexed
           ,
           shall
           devolve
           into
           the
           Hands
           of
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           9.
           
           There
           shall
           be
           just
           as
           many
           Landgraves
           as
           there
           are
           Counties
           ,
           and
           twice
           as
           many
           Cassiques
           ,
           and
           no
           more
           .
           These
           shall
           be
           the
           Hereditary
           Nobility
           of
           the
           Province
           ,
           and
           by
           Right
           of
           their
           Dignity
           be
           Members
           of
           Parliament
           .
           Each
           Landgrave
           shall
           have
           Four
           Baronies
           ,
           and
           each
           Cassique
           Two
           
             Baronies
             ,
             hereditarily
          
           and
           
             unalterably
             annexed
          
           to
           ,
           and
           settled
           upon
           the
           said
           Dignity
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           10.
           
           The
           first
           Landgraves
           and
           Cassiques
           of
           the
           Twelve
           first
           Counties
           to
           be
           planted
           ,
           shall
           be
           nominated
           thus
           ;
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           of
           the
           Twelve
           Landgraves
           ,
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           shall
           each
           of
           them
           separately
           for
           himself
           ,
           nominate
           and
           chuse
           One
           ;
           and
           the
           remaining
           Four
           Landgraves
           of
           the
           First
           Twelve
           ,
           shall
           be
           nominated
           and
           chosen
           by
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Court.
           In
           like
           manner
           of
           the
           Twenty
           Four
           first
           Cassiques
           ,
           each
           Proprietor
           for
           himself
           shall
           nominate
           and
           chuse
           Two
           ,
           and
           the
           remaining
           Eight
           shall
           be
           nominated
           and
           chosen
           by
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Court
           ;
           and
           when
           the
           Twelve
           first
           Counties
           shall
           be
           planted
           ,
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           shall
           again
           in
           the
           same
           Manner
           nominate
           and
           chuse
           Twelve
           more
           Landgraves
           ,
           and
           Twenty
           Four
           Cassiques
           for
           the
           Twelve
           next
           Counties
           to
           be
           planted
           ;
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           Two
           Thirds
           of
           each
           Number
           by
           the
           single
           Nomination
           of
           each
           Proprietor
           for
           himself
           ,
           and
           the
           remaining
           One
           Third
           by
           the
           joint
           Election
           of
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Court
           ,
           and
           so
           proceed
           in
           the
           same
           Manner
           till
           the
           whole
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           be
           set
           out
           and
           planted
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Proportions
           in
           these
           
             Fundamental
             Constitutions
          
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           11.
           
           Any
           Landgrave
           or
           Cassique
           at
           any
           time
           before
           the
           Year
           One
           Thousand
           Seven
           Hundred
           and
           One
           ,
           shall
           have
           Power
           to
           
             alienate
             ,
             sell
          
           ,
           or
           
             make
             over
          
           to
           any
           other
           Person
           ,
           his
           Dignity
           ,
           with
           the
           Baronies
           thereunto
           belonging
           ,
           
             all
             entirely
             together
          
           .
           But
           after
           the
           Year
           One
           Thousand
           Seven
           Hundred
           ,
           no
           Landgrave
           or
           Cassique
           shall
           have
           Power
           to
           
             alienate
             ,
             sell
             ,
             make
             over
             ,
          
           or
           lett
           the
           Hereditary
           Baronies
           of
           his
           Dignity
           ,
           or
           any
           Part
           thereof
           ,
           otherwise
           than
           as
           in
           §
           .
           18.
           but
           they
           shall
           all
           entirely
           ,
           with
           the
           Dignity
           thereunto
           belonging
           ,
           descend
           unto
           his
           
             Heirs
             Male
          
           ;
           and
           for
           want
           of
           
             Heirs
             Male
          
           ,
           all
           entirely
           and
           undivided
           ,
           to
           the
           next
           
             Heir
             general
          
           ;
           and
           for
           want
           of
           such
           Heirs
           ,
           shall
           devolve
           into
           the
           Hands
           of
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           12.
           
           That
           the
           
             due
             Number
          
           of
           Landgraves
           and
           Cassiques
           may
           be
           always
           kept
           up
           ,
           if
           upon
           the
           Devolution
           of
           any
           Landgraveship
           or
           Cassiqueship
           ,
           the
           
             Palatine's
             Court
          
           shall
           not
           settle
           the
           
             devolved
             Dignity
          
           ,
           with
           the
           Baronies
           thereunto
           annexed
           ,
           before
           the
           Second
           biennial
           Parliament
           after
           such
           Devolution
           ,
           the
           next
           biennial
           Parliament
           but
           one
           after
           such
           Devolution
           shall
           have
           Power
           to
           make
           any
           one
           Landgrave
           or
           Cassique
           in
           
           the
           Room
           of
           him
           ,
           who
           dying
           without
           Heirs
           ,
           his
           Dignity
           and
           Baronies
           devolved
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           13.
           
           No
           one
           Person
           shall
           have
           
             more
             than
             one
             Dignity
          
           ,
           with
           the
           Signiores
           or
           Baronies
           thereunto
           belonging
           .
           But
           whensoever
           it
           shall
           happen
           ,
           that
           any
           one
           who
           is
           already
           
             Proprietor
             ,
             Landgrave
          
           ,
           or
           Cassique
           ,
           shall
           have
           any
           of
           these
           Dignities
           descend
           to
           him
           by
           Inheritance
           ,
           it
           shall
           be
           at
           his
           Choice
           to
           keep
           which
           of
           the
           Dignities
           ,
           with
           the
           Lands
           annexed
           ,
           he
           shall
           like
           best
           ;
           but
           shall
           leave
           the
           other
           ,
           with
           the
           Lands
           annexed
           ,
           to
           be
           enjoyed
           by
           him
           ,
           who
           not
           being
           his
           Heir
           Apparent
           ,
           and
           certain
           Successor
           to
           his
           present
           Dignity
           ,
           is
           next
           of
           Blood.
           
        
         
           §
           .
           14.
           
           Whosoever
           by
           Right
           of
           Inheritance
           shall
           come
           to
           be
           Landgrave
           or
           Cassique
           ,
           shall
           take
           the
           Name
           and
           Arms
           of
           his
           Predecessor
           in
           that
           Dignity
           ,
           to
           be
           from
           thenceforth
           the
           Name
           and
           Arms
           of
           his
           Family
           and
           their
           Posterity
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           15.
           
           Since
           the
           Dignity
           ,
           of
           
             Proprietor
             ,
             Landgrave
          
           ,
           or
           Cassique
           ,
           cannot
           be
           divided
           ,
           and
           the
           Signiories
           or
           Baronies
           thereunto
           annexed
           must
           for
           ever
           all
           entirely
           descend
           with
           ,
           and
           accompany
           that
           Dignity
           ,
           whensoever
           for
           want
           of
           Heirs
           Male
           it
           shall
           descend
           on
           the
           Issue
           Female
           ,
           the
           
             eldest
             Daughter
          
           and
           Heirs
           shall
           be
           preferred
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Inheritance
           of
           those
           Dignities
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Signiories
           or
           Baronies
           annexed
           ,
           there
           shall
           be
           no
           Co-heirs
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           16.
           
           In
           every
           
             Signiory
             ,
             Barony
          
           ,
           and
           Mannor
           ,
           the
           respective
           Lord
           shall
           have
           Power
           in
           his
           own
           Name
           to
           hold
           Court-Leet
           there
           ,
           for
           Trying
           of
           all
           Causes
           both
           Civil
           and
           Criminial
           ;
           but
           where
           it
           shall
           concern
           any
           Person
           being
           no
           
             Inhabitant
             ,
             Vassal
          
           ,
           or
           Leetman
           of
           the
           said
           
             Signiory
             ,
             Barony
          
           ,
           or
           Mannor
           ,
           he
           upon
           paying
           down
           of
           Forty
           Shillings
           to
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           use
           ,
           shall
           have
           an
           Appeal
           from
           the
           Signiory
           or
           
             Barony
             Court
          
           ,
           to
           the
           
             County
             Court
          
           ,
           and
           from
           the
           
             Mannor
             Court
          
           to
           the
           
             Precinct
             Court.
          
           
        
         
           §
           .
           17.
           
           Every
           Mannor
           shall
           consist
           of
           not
           less
           than
           
             Three
             Thousand
             Acres
          
           ,
           and
           not
           above
           
             Twelve
             Thousand
             Acres
          
           in
           one
           entire
           Piece
           and
           Colony
           ;
           but
           any
           Three
           Thousand
           Acres
           or
           more
           in
           one
           Piece
           ,
           and
           the
           Possession
           of
           one
           Man
           ,
           shall
           not
           be
           a
           Mannor
           ,
           unless
           it
           be
           constituted
           a
           Mannor
           by
           the
           Grant
           of
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Court.
           
        
         
           §
           .
           18.
           
           The
           Lords
           of
           Signiories
           and
           Baronies
           shall
           have
           Power
           only
           of
           granting
           Estates
           not
           exceeding
           
             Three
             Lives
          
           ,
           or
           
             Thirty
             One
             Years
          
           ,
           in
           Two
           Thirds
           of
           the
           said
           Signiories
           or
           Baronies
           ,
           and
           the
           remaining
           Third
           shall
           be
           always
           Demesne
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           19.
           
           Any
           Lord
           of
           a
           Mannor
           may
           
             alienate
             ,
             sell
          
           ,
           or
           dispose
           to
           any
           other
           Person
           ,
           and
           his
           Heirs
           for
           ever
           ,
           his
           Mannor
           ,
           all
           entirely
           together
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           Privileges
           and
           Leetmen
           thereunto
           belonging
           ,
           so
           far
           
           forth
           as
           any
           other
           
             Colony
             Lands
          
           ,
           but
           no
           Grant
           of
           any
           part
           thereof
           ,
           either
           in
           Fee
           ,
           or
           for
           any
           longer
           Term
           than
           
             Three
             Lives
          
           ,
           or
           
             One
             and
             Twenty
             Years
          
           ,
           shall
           be
           good
           against
           the
           next
           Heir
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           20.
           
           No
           Mannor
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           Issue
           Male
           ,
           shall
           be
           divided
           amongst
           Co-heirs
           ;
           but
           the
           Mannor
           ,
           if
           there
           be
           but
           one
           ,
           shall
           all
           entirely
           descend
           to
           the
           eldest
           Daughter
           and
           her
           Heirs
           .
           If
           there
           be
           more
           Mannors
           than
           one
           ,
           the
           eldest
           Daughter
           first
           shall
           have
           her
           Choice
           ,
           the
           Second
           next
           ,
           and
           so
           on
           ;
           beginning
           again
           at
           the
           Eldest
           ,
           till
           all
           the
           Mannors
           be
           taken
           up
           ;
           that
           so
           the
           Privileges
           which
           belong
           to
           Mannors
           being
           indivisible
           ,
           the
           Lands
           of
           the
           Mannors
           to
           which
           they
           are
           annexed
           ,
           may
           be
           
             kept
             entire
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Mannor
           not
           lose
           those
           Privileges
           ,
           which
           upon
           parcelling
           out
           to
           several
           Owners
           ,
           must
           necessarily
           cease
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           21.
           
           Every
           Lord
           of
           a
           Mannor
           ,
           within
           his
           Mannor
           ,
           shall
           have
           all
           the
           Powers
           ,
           Jurisdictions
           ,
           and
           Privileges
           ,
           which
           a
           Landgrave
           or
           Cassique
           hath
           in
           his
           Baronies
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           22.
           
           In
           every
           
             Signiory
             ,
             Barony
          
           ,
           and
           Mannor
           ,
           all
           the
           Leet-Men
           shall
           be
           under
           the
           Jurisdiction
           of
           the
           respective
           Lords
           of
           the
           said
           
             Signiory
             ,
             Barony
          
           ,
           or
           Mannor
           ,
           without
           Appeal
           from
           him
           .
           Nor
           shall
           any
           Leet-Man
           or
           Leet-Woman
           have
           Liberty
           to
           go
           off
           from
           the
           Land
           of
           their
           particular
           Lord
           ,
           and
           live
           any
           where
           else
           ,
           without
           License
           obtained
           from
           their
           said
           Lord
           ,
           under
           Hand
           and
           Seal
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           23.
           
           All
           the
           Children
           of
           Leet-Men
           shall
           be
           Leet-Men
           ,
           and
           so
           to
           all
           Generations
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           24.
           
           No
           Man
           shall
           be
           capable
           of
           having
           a
           Court-Leet
           or
           Leet-Men
           ,
           but
           a
           
             Proprietor
             ,
             Landgrave
             ,
             Cassique
          
           ,
           or
           
             Lord
             of
             a
             Mannor
          
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           25.
           
           Whoever
           shall
           voluntarily
           enter
           himself
           a
           Leet-Man
           in
           the
           Registry
           of
           the
           County
           Court
           ,
           shall
           be
           a
           Leet-Man
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           26.
           
           Whoever
           is
           Lord
           of
           Leet-Men
           ,
           shall
           upon
           the
           Marriage
           of
           a
           Leet-Man
           or
           Leet-Woman
           of
           his
           ,
           give
           them
           Ten
           Acres
           of
           Land
           for
           their
           Lives
           ,
           they
           paying
           to
           him
           therefore
           not
           more
           than
           one
           Eighth
           part
           of
           all
           the
           Yearly
           Produce
           and
           Growth
           of
           the
           said
           Ten
           Acres
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           27.
           
           No
           Landgrave
           or
           Cassique
           shall
           be
           try'd
           for
           any
           Criminal
           Cause
           ,
           in
           any
           but
           the
           
           Chief-Justice's
           Court
           ,
           and
           that
           by
           a
           Jury
           of
           his
           Peers
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           28.
           
           There
           shall
           be
           
             Eight
             Supreme
             Courts
          
           .
           The
           First
           called
           ,
           
             The
             Palatine's
             Court
          
           ,
           consisting
           of
           the
           Palatine
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Seven
           Proprietors
           .
           The
           other
           Seven
           Courts
           of
           the
           other
           Seven
           Great
           Officers
           ,
           shall
           consist
           each
           of
           them
           of
           a
           Proprietor
           ,
           and
           Six
           Councellors
           added
           to
           him
           .
           Under
           each
           of
           these
           latter
           Seven
           Courts
           shall
           be
           a
           College
           of
           Twelve
           Assistants
           .
           The
           Twelve
           Assistants
           of
           the
           several
           Colleges
           shall
           be
           chosen
           ;
           Two
           out
           of
           the
           
             Landgraves
             ,
             Cassiques
          
           ,
           or
           eldest
           Sons
           of
           
           Proprietors
           ,
           by
           the
           
             Palatine's
             Court
          
           ;
           Two
           out
           of
           the
           Landgraves
           ,
           by
           the
           
             Landgraves
             Chamber
          
           ;
           Two
           out
           of
           the
           Cassiques
           ,
           by
           the
           
             Cassiques
             Chamber
          
           ;
           Four
           more
           of
           the
           Twelve
           shall
           be
           chosen
           by
           the
           
             Commons
             Chamber
          
           ,
           out
           of
           such
           as
           have
           been
           ,
           or
           are
           Members
           of
           
             Parliament
             ,
             Sheriffs
          
           ,
           or
           Justices
           of
           the
           
             County
             Court
          
           ,
           or
           the
           younger
           Sons
           of
           Proprietors
           ,
           or
           eldest
           Sons
           of
           Landgraves
           of
           Cassiques
           ;
           the
           Two
           other
           shall
           be
           chosen
           by
           the
           
             Palatine's
             Court
          
           ,
           out
           of
           the
           same
           Sort
           of
           Persons
           out
           of
           which
           the
           
             Commons
             Chamber
          
           is
           to
           chuse
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           29.
           
           Out
           of
           these
           Colleges
           shall
           be
           chosen
           at
           first
           by
           the
           
             Palatine's
             Court
          
           ,
           Six
           Councellers
           ,
           to
           be
           joined
           with
           each
           Proprietor
           in
           his
           Court
           ;
           of
           which
           Six
           ,
           one
           shall
           be
           of
           those
           who
           were
           chosen
           into
           any
           of
           the
           Colleges
           by
           the
           
             Palatine's
             Court
          
           ,
           out
           of
           the
           
             Landgraves
             ,
             Cassiques
          
           ,
           or
           eldest
           Sons
           of
           Proprietors
           ,
           one
           out
           of
           those
           who
           were
           chosen
           by
           the
           
             Landgraves
             Chamber
          
           ,
           and
           one
           out
           of
           those
           who
           were
           chosen
           by
           the
           
             Cassiques
             Chamber
          
           ,
           Two
           out
           of
           those
           who
           were
           chosen
           by
           the
           
             Commons
             Chamber
          
           ,
           and
           one
           out
           of
           those
           who
           were
           chosen
           by
           the
           
             Palatine's
             Court
          
           ,
           out
           of
           the
           Proprietors
           younger
           Sons
           ,
           or
           eldest
           Sons
           of
           
             Landgraves
             ,
             Cassiques
          
           ,
           or
           Commons
           ,
           qualified
           as
           aforesaid
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           30.
           
           When
           it
           shall
           happen
           ,
           that
           any
           Councellor
           dies
           ,
           and
           thereby
           there
           is
           a
           Vacancy
           ,
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           shall
           have
           Power
           to
           remove
           any
           Councellor
           that
           is
           willing
           to
           be
           removed
           out
           of
           any
           of
           the
           
             Proprietors
             Courts
          
           to
           fill
           up
           the
           Vacancy
           ,
           provided
           they
           take
           a
           Man
           of
           the
           same
           Degree
           and
           Choice
           the
           other
           was
           of
           ,
           whose
           vacant
           Place
           is
           to
           be
           filled
           up
           .
           But
           if
           no
           Councellor
           consent
           to
           be
           removed
           ,
           or
           upon
           such
           Remove
           ,
           the
           last
           remaining
           vacant
           Place
           in
           any
           of
           the
           
             Proprietors
             Courts
          
           ,
           shall
           be
           filled
           up
           by
           the
           Choice
           of
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           ,
           who
           shall
           have
           Power
           to
           remove
           out
           of
           any
           of
           the
           Colleges
           ,
           any
           Assistant
           ,
           who
           is
           of
           the
           same
           Degree
           and
           Choice
           that
           Councellor
           was
           of
           ,
           into
           whose
           vacant
           Place
           he
           is
           to
           succeed
           .
           The
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           also
           shall
           have
           Power
           to
           remove
           any
           Assistant
           that
           is
           willing
           ,
           out
           of
           one
           College
           into
           another
           ,
           provided
           he
           be
           of
           the
           same
           Degree
           and
           Choice
           .
           But
           the
           last
           remaining
           vacant
           Place
           in
           any
           College
           ,
           shall
           be
           filled
           up
           by
           the
           same
           Choice
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           the
           same
           Degree
           of
           Persons
           the
           Assistant
           was
           of
           ,
           who
           is
           dead
           or
           removed
           .
           No
           Place
           shall
           be
           vacant
           in
           any
           
             Proprietors
             Court
          
           above
           Six
           Months
           .
           No
           Place
           shall
           be
           vacant
           in
           any
           College
           longer
           than
           the
           next
           Session
           of
           Parliament
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           31.
           
           No
           Man
           ,
           being
           a
           Member
           of
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           ,
           or
           of
           any
           of
           the
           Seven
           Colleges
           ,
           shall
           be
           
             turned
             out
          
           but
           for
           Misdemeanor
           ,
           of
           which
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           shall
           be
           Judge
           ,
           and
           the
           Vacancy
           of
           the
           Person
           so
           put
           out
           shall
           be
           filled
           ,
           not
           by
           the
           Election
           of
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           ,
           but
           by
           those
           who
           first
           chose
           him
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           the
           same
           Degree
           he
           was
           of
           ,
           
           who
           is
           expelled
           .
           But
           it
           is
           not
           hereby
           to
           be
           understood
           ,
           that
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           hath
           any
           Power
           to
           turn
           out
           any
           One
           of
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           ,
           or
           their
           Deputies
           ,
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           having
           in
           themselves
           an
           inherent
           original
           Right
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           32.
           
           All
           Elections
           in
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           in
           the
           several
           Chambers
           of
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           ,
           shall
           be
           passed
           by
           Balotting
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           33.
           
           The
           
           Palatine's
           Court
           shall
           consist
           of
           the
           Palatine
           ,
           and
           Seven
           Proprietors
           ,
           wherein
           nothing
           shall
           be
           acted
           without
           the
           Presence
           and
           Consent
           of
           the
           Palatine
           or
           his
           Deputy
           ,
           and
           Three
           others
           of
           the
           Proprietors
           or
           their
           Deputies
           .
           This
           Court
           shall
           have
           Power
           to
           call
           Parliaments
           ,
           to
           pardon
           all
           Offences
           ,
           to
           make
           Elections
           of
           all
           Officers
           in
           the
           Proprieters
           dispose
           ,
           and
           to
           nominate
           and
           appoint
           Port-Towns
           :
           And
           also
           shall
           have
           power
           ,
           by
           their
           Order
           to
           the
           Treasurer
           ,
           to
           dispose
           of
           all
           
             publick
             Treasure
          
           ,
           excepting
           Money
           granted
           by
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           by
           them
           directed
           to
           some
           particular
           publick
           Use
           :
           And
           also
           shall
           have
           a
           Negative
           upon
           all
           Acts
           ,
           Orders
           ,
           Votes
           ,
           and
           Judgments
           ,
           of
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           and
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           except
           only
           as
           in
           §
           .
           6.
           and
           12.
           
           And
           shall
           have
           all
           the
           Powers
           granted
           to
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           ,
           by
           their
           Patent
           from
           
             Our
             Sovereign
             Lord
             the
             King
          
           ,
           except
           in
           such
           Things
           as
           are
           limited
           by
           these
           
             Fundamental
             Constitutions
          
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           34.
           
           The
           Palatine
           himself
           ,
           when
           he
           in
           Person
           shall
           be
           either
           in
           the
           Army
           ,
           or
           in
           any
           of
           the
           
             Proprietors
             Courts
          
           ,
           shall
           then
           have
           the
           Power
           of
           General
           ,
           or
           of
           that
           Proprietor
           in
           whose
           Court
           he
           is
           then
           present
           ,
           and
           the
           Proprietor
           ,
           in
           whose
           Court
           the
           Palatine
           then
           presides
           ,
           shall
           during
           his
           presence
           there
           be
           but
           as
           one
           of
           the
           Council
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           35.
           
           The
           
           Chancellor's
           Court
           ,
           consisting
           of
           one
           of
           the
           Proprietors
           and
           his
           Six
           Councellors
           ,
           who
           shall
           be
           called
           Vice-Chancellors
           ,
           shall
           have
           the
           Custody
           of
           the
           Seal
           of
           the
           Palatinate
           ,
           under
           which
           all
           Charters
           of
           Lands
           or
           otherwise
           ,
           Commissions
           and
           Grants
           of
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Court
           ,
           shall
           pass
           .
           And
           it
           shall
           not
           be
           lawful
           to
           put
           the
           Seal
           of
           the
           Palatinate
           to
           any
           Writing
           which
           is
           not
           signed
           by
           the
           Palatine
           ,
           or
           his
           Deputy
           ,
           and
           Three
           other
           Proprietors
           ,
           or
           their
           Deputies
           .
           To
           this
           Court
           also
           belongs
           all
           
             State
             Matters
             ,
             Dispatches
          
           and
           Treaties
           with
           the
           Neighbour
           Indians
           .
           To
           this
           Court
           also
           belongs
           all
           Invasions
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           of
           
             Liberty
             of
             Conscience
          
           ,
           and
           all
           Disturbances
           of
           the
           publick
           Peace
           upon
           Pretence
           of
           Religion
           ,
           as
           also
           the
           Licence
           of
           Printing
           .
           The
           Twelve
           Assistants
           belonging
           to
           this
           Court
           shall
           be
           called
           Recorders
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           36.
           
           Whatever
           passes
           under
           the
           Seal
           of
           the
           Palatinate
           ,
           shall
           be
           register'd
           in
           that
           
           Proprietor's
           Court
           to
           which
           the
           Matter
           therein
           contained
           belongs
           .
        
         
         
           §
           .
           37.
           
           The
           Chancellor
           or
           his
           Deputy
           shall
           be
           always
           Speaker
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           President
           of
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           ,
           and
           in
           his
           and
           his
           Deputy's
           Absence
           ,
           one
           of
           his
           Vice-Chancellors
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           38.
           
           The
           
           Chief-Justice's
           Court
           ,
           consisting
           of
           one
           of
           the
           Proprietors
           and
           his
           Six
           Councellors
           ,
           who
           shall
           be
           called
           
             Justices
             of
             the
             Bench
          
           ,
           shall
           judge
           all
           Appeals
           in
           Cases
           both
           Civil
           and
           Criminal
           ,
           except
           all
           such
           Cases
           as
           shall
           be
           under
           the
           Jurisdiction
           and
           Cognizance
           of
           any
           other
           of
           the
           
             Proprietors
             Courts
          
           ,
           which
           shall
           be
           tried
           in
           those
           Courts
           respectively
           .
           The
           Government
           and
           Regulation
           of
           the
           Registries
           of
           Writings
           and
           Contracts
           ,
           shall
           belong
           to
           the
           Jurisdiction
           of
           this
           Court.
           The
           Twelve
           Assistants
           of
           this
           Court
           shall
           be
           called
           Masters
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           39.
           
           The
           
             Constables
             Court
          
           ,
           consisting
           of
           one
           of
           the
           Proprietors
           and
           his
           Six
           Councellors
           ,
           who
           shall
           be
           called
           Marshals
           ,
           shall
           order
           and
           determine
           of
           all
           
             Military
             Affairs
          
           by
           Land
           ,
           and
           all
           Land-Forces
           ,
           Arms
           ,
           Ammunition
           ,
           Artillery
           ,
           Garrisons
           and
           Forts
           ,
           &c.
           and
           whatever
           belongs
           unto
           War.
           His
           Twelve
           Assistants
           shall
           be
           called
           Lieutenant-Generals
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           40.
           
           In
           time
           of
           actual
           War
           ,
           the
           Constable
           ,
           whilst
           he
           is
           in
           the
           Army
           ,
           shall
           be
           General
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           and
           the
           Six
           Councellors
           ,
           or
           such
           of
           them
           as
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Court
           shall
           for
           that
           Time
           or
           Service
           appoint
           ,
           shall
           be
           the
           immediate
           great
           Officers
           under
           him
           ,
           and
           the
           Lieutenant-Generals
           next
           to
           them
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           41.
           
           The
           
           Admiral
           's
           Court
           ,
           consisting
           of
           one
           of
           the
           Proprietors
           and
           his
           Six
           Councellors
           called
           Consuls
           ,
           shall
           have
           the
           Care
           and
           Inspection
           over
           all
           Ports
           ,
           Moles
           ,
           and
           Navigable
           Rivers
           ,
           so
           far
           as
           the
           Tide
           flows
           ,
           and
           also
           all
           the
           publick
           Shipping
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           and
           Stores
           thereunto
           belonging
           ,
           and
           all
           
             Maritime
             Affairs
          
           .
           This
           Court
           also
           shall
           have
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           
             Court
             of
             Admiralty
          
           ;
           and
           shall
           have
           power
           to
           constitute
           Judges
           in
           Port-Towns
           ,
           to
           try
           Cases
           belonging
           to
           Law-Merchant
           ,
           as
           shall
           be
           most
           convenient
           for
           Trade
           .
           The
           Twelve
           Assistants
           belonging
           to
           this
           Court
           shall
           be
           called
           Pro-Consuls
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           42.
           
           In
           time
           of
           actual
           War
           ,
           the
           Admiral
           whilst
           he
           is
           at
           Sea
           ,
           shall
           command
           in
           Chief
           ,
           and
           his
           Six
           Councellors
           ,
           or
           such
           of
           them
           as
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Court
           shall
           for
           that
           Time
           and
           Service
           appoint
           ,
           shall
           be
           the
           immediate
           great
           Officers
           under
           him
           ,
           and
           the
           Pro-Consuls
           next
           to
           them
           .
        
         
           §
           43.
           
           The
           
           Treasurer's
           Court
           ,
           consisting
           of
           a
           Proprietor
           ,
           and
           his
           Six
           Councellors
           ,
           called
           Vnder-Treasurers
           ,
           shall
           take
           Care
           of
           all
           Matters
           that
           concern
           the
           
             publick
             Revenue
          
           and
           Treasury
           .
           The
           Twelve
           Assistants
           shall
           be
           called
           Auditors
           .
        
         
         
           §
           .
           44.
           
           The
           High-Stewards
           Court
           ,
           consisting
           of
           a
           Proprietor
           and
           his
           Six
           Councellors
           ,
           called
           Comptrollers
           ,
           shall
           have
           the
           Care
           of
           all
           Foreign
           and
           Domestick
           
             Trade
             ,
             Manufactures
             ,
             publick
             Buildings
             ,
             Work-houses
             ,
             High-ways
             ,
             Passages
          
           by
           Water
           above
           the
           Floud
           of
           the
           Tide
           ,
           
             Drains
             ,
             Sewers
          
           and
           Banks
           ,
           against
           Inundations
           ,
           
             Bridges
             ,
             Posts
             ,
             Carriers
             ,
             Fairs
             ,
             Markets
             ,
             Corruption
          
           or
           Infection
           of
           the
           common
           Air
           or
           Water
           ,
           and
           all
           Things
           in
           order
           to
           the
           
             publick
             Commerce
          
           and
           Health
           ;
           Also
           Setting
           out
           and
           Surveying
           of
           Lands
           ;
           and
           also
           setting
           out
           and
           appointing
           Places
           for
           Towns
           to
           be
           built
           on
           in
           the
           Precincts
           ,
           and
           the
           prescribing
           and
           determining
           the
           Figure
           and
           Bigness
           of
           the
           said
           Towns
           ,
           according
           to
           such
           Models
           as
           the
           said
           Court
           shall
           order
           ,
           contrary
           or
           differing
           from
           which
           Models
           ,
           it
           shall
           not
           be
           lawful
           for
           any
           one
           to
           build
           in
           any
           Town
           .
           This
           Court
           shall
           have
           Power
           also
           to
           make
           any
           
             publick
             Building
          
           ,
           or
           any
           new
           High-way
           ,
           or
           enlarge
           any
           old
           High-way
           ,
           upon
           any
           Man's
           Land
           whatsoever
           ;
           as
           also
           to
           make
           
             Cuts
             ,
             Channels
             ,
             Banks
             ,
             Locks
             ,
          
           and
           Bridges
           ,
           for
           making
           Rivers
           Navigable
           ,
           or
           for
           draining
           Fens
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           publick
           Use
           .
           The
           Damage
           the
           Owner
           of
           such
           Lands
           (
           on
           or
           through
           which
           any
           such
           publick
           Thing
           shall
           be
           made
           )
           shall
           receive
           thereby
           ,
           shall
           be
           valued
           ,
           and
           Satisfaction
           made
           by
           such
           Ways
           as
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           shall
           appoint
           .
           The
           Twelve
           Assistants
           belonging
           to
           this
           Court
           ,
           shall
           be
           called
           Surveyors
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           45.
           
           The
           
           Chamberlain's
           Court
           ,
           consisting
           of
           a
           Proprietor
           and
           his
           Six
           Councellors
           ,
           called
           Vice-Chamberlains
           ,
           shall
           have
           the
           Care
           of
           all
           
             Ceremonies
             ,
             Precedency
             ,
             Heraldry
             ,
             Reception
          
           of
           publick
           Messengers
           ,
           Pedegrees
           ,
           the
           Registry
           of
           all
           
             Births
             ,
             Burials
          
           ,
           and
           
             Marriages
             ,
             Legitimation
          
           ,
           and
           all
           Cases
           concerning
           Matrimony
           ,
           or
           arising
           from
           it
           ;
           and
           shall
           also
           have
           Power
           to
           regulate
           all
           
             Fashions
             ,
             Habits
             ,
             Badges
             ,
             Games
             ,
          
           and
           Sports
           .
           To
           this
           Court
           also
           it
           shall
           belong
           ,
           to
           convocate
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           .
           The
           Twelve
           Assistants
           belonging
           to
           this
           Court
           ,
           shall
           be
           called
           Provosts
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           46.
           
           All
           Causes
           belonging
           to
           ,
           or
           under
           the
           Jurisdiction
           of
           any
           of
           the
           
             Proprietors
             Courts
          
           ,
           shall
           in
           them
           respectively
           be
           tryed
           ,
           and
           ultimately
           determined
           ,
           without
           any
           farther
           Appeal
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           47.
           
           The
           
             Proprietors
             Courts
          
           shall
           have
           a
           Power
           to
           mitigate
           all
           Fines
           ,
           and
           suspend
           all
           Executions
           in
           Criminal
           Causes
           ,
           either
           before
           or
           after
           Sentence
           in
           any
           of
           the
           other
           
             inferior
             Courts
          
           respectively
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           48.
           
           In
           all
           Debates
           ,
           Hearings
           or
           Trials
           ,
           in
           any
           of
           the
           
             Proprietors
             Courts
          
           ,
           the
           Twelve
           Assistants
           belonging
           to
           the
           said
           Courts
           respectively
           ,
           shall
           have
           Liberty
           to
           be
           present
           ,
           but
           shall
           not
           interpose
           unless
           their
           Opinions
           be
           required
           ,
           nor
           have
           any
           Vote
           at
           all
           ;
           but
           their
           
           Business
           shall
           be
           ,
           by
           the
           Direction
           of
           the
           respective
           Courts
           ,
           to
           prepare
           such
           Business
           as
           shall
           be
           committed
           to
           them
           ;
           as
           also
           to
           bear
           such
           Offices
           ,
           and
           dispatch
           such
           Affairs
           ,
           either
           where
           the
           Court
           is
           kept
           ,
           or
           elsewhere
           ,
           as
           the
           Court
           shall
           think
           fit
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           49.
           
           In
           all
           the
           
             Proprietors
             Courts
          
           ,
           the
           Proprietor
           ,
           and
           any
           Three
           of
           his
           Councellors
           shall
           make
           a
           Quorum
           ;
           provided
           always
           ,
           That
           for
           the
           better
           Dispatch
           of
           Business
           ,
           it
           shall
           be
           in
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Court
           to
           direct
           what
           sort
           of
           Causes
           shall
           be
           heard
           and
           determined
           by
           a
           Quorum
           of
           any
           Three
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           50.
           
           The
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           shall
           consist
           of
           the
           Palatine
           and
           Seven
           Proprietors
           ,
           and
           the
           Forty
           Two
           Councellors
           of
           the
           several
           
             Proprietors
             Courts
          
           ,
           who
           shall
           have
           Power
           to
           determine
           any
           Controversies
           that
           may
           arise
           between
           any
           of
           the
           
             Proprietors
             Courts
          
           ,
           about
           their
           respective
           Jurisdictions
           ,
           or
           between
           the
           Members
           of
           the
           same
           Court
           ,
           about
           their
           Manner
           and
           
             Methods
             of
             Proceeding
          
           :
           To
           make
           Peace
           and
           
             War
             ,
             Leagues
             ,
             Treaties
          
           ,
           &c.
           with
           any
           of
           the
           Neighbour
           Indians
           :
           To
           issue
           out
           their
           general
           Orders
           to
           the
           
           Constable's
           and
           
           Admiral
           's
           Courts
           ,
           for
           the
           Raising
           ,
           Disposing
           ,
           or
           Disbanding
           the
           Forces
           by
           Land
           or
           by
           Sea.
           
        
         
           §
           .
           51.
           
           The
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           shall
           prepare
           all
           Matters
           to
           be
           proposed
           in
           Parliament
           .
           Nor
           shall
           any
           Matter
           whatsover
           be
           proposed
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           but
           what
           hath
           first
           passed
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           ;
           which
           after
           having
           been
           read
           Three
           several
           Days
           in
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           shall
           by
           Majority
           of
           Votes
           be
           passed
           or
           rejected
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           52.
           
           The
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           shall
           always
           be
           Judges
           of
           all
           Causes
           and
           Appeals
           that
           concern
           the
           Palatine
           ,
           or
           any
           of
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           ,
           or
           any
           Councellor
           of
           any
           
           Proprietor's
           Court
           ,
           in
           any
           Cause
           which
           otherwise
           should
           have
           been
           tried
           in
           the
           Court
           in
           which
           the
           said
           Councellor
           is
           Judge
           himself
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           53.
           
           The
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           by
           their
           Warrants
           to
           the
           
           Treasurer's
           Court
           ,
           shall
           dispose
           of
           all
           the
           Money
           given
           by
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           by
           them
           directed
           to
           any
           particular
           publick
           Use
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           54.
           
           The
           Quorum
           of
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           shall
           be
           Thirteen
           ,
           whereof
           a
           Proprietor
           or
           his
           Deputy
           shall
           be
           always
           one
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           55.
           
           The
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           shall
           meet
           the
           first
           Tuesday
           in
           every
           Month
           ,
           and
           as
           much
           oftner
           as
           either
           they
           shall
           think
           fit
           ,
           or
           they
           shall
           be
           convocated
           by
           the
           
           Chamberlain's
           Court.
           
        
         
           §
           .
           56.
           
           The
           Palatine
           ,
           or
           any
           of
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           ,
           shall
           have
           Power
           under
           Hand
           and
           Seal
           ,
           to
           be
           registred
           in
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           to
           make
           a
           Deputy
           ,
           who
           shall
           have
           the
           same
           Power
           to
           all
           Intents
           and
           Purposes
           
           as
           he
           himself
           who
           deputes
           him
           ,
           except
           in
           confirming
           Acts
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           as
           in
           §
           .
           76.
           and
           except
           also
           in
           Nominating
           and
           Chusing
           Landgraves
           and
           Cassiques
           ,
           as
           in
           §
           .
           10.
           
           All
           such
           Deputations
           shall
           cease
           and
           determine
           at
           the
           End
           of
           Four
           Years
           ,
           and
           at
           any
           Time
           shall
           be
           revocable
           at
           the
           Pleasure
           of
           the
           Deputator
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           57.
           
           No
           Deputy
           of
           any
           Proprietor
           shall
           have
           any
           Power
           whilst
           the
           Deputator
           is
           in
           any
           Part
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           except
           the
           Proprietor
           ,
           whose
           Deputy
           he
           is
           ,
           be
           a
           Minor.
           
        
         
           §
           .
           58.
           
           During
           the
           Minority
           of
           any
           Proprietor
           ,
           his
           Guardian
           shall
           have
           Power
           to
           constitute
           and
           appoint
           his
           Deputy
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           59.
           
           The
           Eldest
           of
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           ,
           who
           shall
           be
           personally
           in
           Carolina
           ,
           shall
           of
           Course
           be
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Deputy
           ;
           and
           if
           no
           Proprietor
           be
           in
           Carolina
           ,
           he
           shall
           chuse
           his
           Deputy
           out
           of
           the
           
             Heirs
             Apparent
          
           of
           any
           of
           the
           Proprietors
           ,
           if
           any
           such
           be
           there
           ;
           and
           if
           there
           be
           no
           
             Heir
             Apparent
          
           of
           any
           of
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           above
           One
           and
           Twenty
           Years
           old
           in
           Carolina
           ,
           then
           he
           shall
           chuse
           for
           Deputy
           any
           one
           of
           the
           Landgraves
           at
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           ;
           and
           till
           he
           have
           by
           Deputation
           under
           Hand
           and
           Seal
           chosen
           any
           one
           of
           the
           forementioned
           
             Heirs
             Apparent
          
           or
           Landgraves
           to
           be
           his
           Deputy
           ,
           the
           Eldest
           Man
           of
           the
           Landgraves
           ,
           and
           for
           want
           of
           a
           Landgrave
           ,
           the
           Eldest
           Man
           of
           the
           Cassiques
           ,
           who
           shall
           be
           personally
           in
           Carolina
           ,
           shall
           of
           Course
           be
           his
           Deputy
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           60.
           
           Each
           
           Proprietor's
           Deputy
           shall
           be
           always
           one
           of
           his
           own
           Six
           Councellors
           respectively
           ;
           and
           in
           case
           any
           of
           the
           Proprietors
           hath
           not
           in
           his
           Absence
           out
           of
           Carolina
           a
           Deputy
           ,
           commissionated
           under
           his
           Hand
           and
           Seal
           ,
           the
           Eldest
           Nobleman
           of
           his
           Court
           shall
           of
           Course
           be
           his
           Deputy
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           61.
           
           In
           every
           County
           there
           shall
           be
           a
           Court
           ,
           consisting
           of
           a
           Sheriff
           and
           Four
           Justices
           of
           the
           County
           ,
           for
           every
           Precinct
           one
           .
           The
           Sheriff
           shall
           be
           an
           Inhabitant
           of
           the
           County
           ,
           and
           have
           at
           least
           Five
           Hundred
           Acres
           of
           Freehold
           within
           the
           said
           County
           ;
           and
           the
           Justices
           shall
           be
           Inhabitants
           ,
           and
           have
           each
           of
           them
           Five
           Hundred
           Acres
           apiece
           Freehold
           within
           the
           Precinct
           for
           which
           they
           serve
           respectively
           .
           These
           Five
           shall
           be
           chosen
           and
           commissionated
           from
           Time
           to
           Time
           by
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Court.
           
        
         
           §
           .
           62.
           
           For
           any
           
             Personal
             Causes
          
           exceeding
           the
           Value
           of
           Two
           Hundred
           Pounds
           Sterling
           ,
           or
           in
           Title
           of
           Land
           ,
           or
           in
           any
           
             Criminal
             Cause
          
           ,
           either
           Party
           ,
           upon
           paying
           Twenty
           Pounds
           Sterling
           to
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           Use
           ,
           shall
           have
           Liberty
           of
           Appeal
           from
           the
           
             County
             Court
          
           unto
           the
           respective
           
           Proprietor's
           Court.
           
        
         
         
           §
           .
           63.
           
           In
           every
           Precinct
           there
           shall
           be
           a
           Court
           ,
           consisting
           of
           a
           Steward
           and
           Four
           Justices
           of
           the
           Precinct
           ,
           being
           Inhabitants
           ,
           and
           having
           Three
           Hundred
           Acres
           of
           Freehold
           within
           the
           said
           Precinct
           ,
           who
           shall
           judge
           all
           
             Criminal
             Causes
          
           ,
           except
           for
           
             Treason
             ,
             Murther
          
           ,
           and
           any
           other
           Offences
           punishable
           with
           Death
           ,
           and
           except
           all
           
             Criminal
             Causes
          
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ;
           and
           shall
           judge
           also
           all
           
             Civil
             Causes
          
           whatsoever
           ;
           and
           in
           all
           personal
           Actions
           ,
           not
           exceeding
           Fifty
           Pounds
           Sterling
           ,
           without
           Appeal
           :
           But
           where
           the
           Cause
           shall
           exceed
           that
           Value
           ,
           or
           concern
           a
           Title
           of
           Land
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           
             Criminal
             Causes
          
           ,
           there
           ,
           either
           Party
           ,
           upon
           paying
           Five
           Pounds
           Sterling
           to
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           Use
           ,
           shall
           have
           Liberty
           of
           Appeal
           to
           the
           
             County
             Court.
          
           
        
         
           §
           .
           64.
           
           No
           Cause
           shall
           be
           
             Twice
             tried
          
           in
           any
           one
           Court
           ,
           upon
           any
           Reason
           or
           Pretence
           whatsoever
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           65.
           
           For
           
             Treason
             ,
             Murther
          
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           Offences
           punishable
           with
           Death
           ,
           there
           shall
           be
           a
           Commission
           ,
           Twice
           a
           Year
           at
           least
           ,
           granted
           unto
           one
           or
           more
           Members
           of
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           ,
           or
           Colleges
           ,
           who
           shall
           come
           as
           itinerant
           Judges
           to
           the
           several
           Counties
           ,
           and
           ,
           with
           the
           Sheriff
           and
           Four
           Justices
           shall
           hold
           Assizes
           to
           judge
           all
           such
           Causes
           :
           But
           upon
           paying
           of
           Fifty
           Pounds
           Sterling
           to
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           Use
           ,
           there
           shall
           be
           Liberty
           of
           Appeal
           to
           the
           respective
           
           Proprietor's
           Court.
           
        
         
           §
           .
           66.
           
           The
           Grand-Jury
           at
           the
           several
           Assizes
           ,
           shall
           ,
           upon
           their
           Oaths
           ,
           and
           under
           their
           Hands
           and
           Seals
           ,
           deliver
           in
           to
           the
           itinerant
           Judges
           ,
           a
           Presentment
           of
           such
           
             Grievances
             ,
             Misdemeanors
             ,
             Exigences
          
           ,
           or
           Defects
           which
           they
           think
           necessary
           for
           the
           publick
           Good
           of
           the
           County
           ;
           which
           Presentment
           shall
           by
           the
           
             itinerant
             Judges
          
           ,
           at
           the
           End
           of
           their
           Circuit
           ,
           be
           delivered
           in
           to
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           at
           their
           next
           Sitting
           .
           And
           whatsoever
           therein
           concerns
           the
           Execution
           of
           Laws
           already
           made
           ,
           the
           several
           
             Proprietors
             Courts
          
           in
           the
           Matters
           belonging
           to
           each
           of
           them
           respectively
           shall
           take
           Cognizance
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           give
           such
           Orders
           about
           it
           ,
           as
           shall
           be
           effectual
           for
           the
           due
           Execution
           of
           the
           Laws
           .
           But
           whatever
           concerns
           the
           making
           of
           any
           new
           Law
           ,
           shall
           be
           referred
           to
           the
           several
           respective
           Courts
           to
           which
           that
           Matter
           belongs
           ,
           and
           be
           by
           them
           prepared
           and
           brought
           to
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           67.
           
           For
           Terms
           ,
           there
           shall
           be
           Quarterly
           such
           a
           certain
           Number
           of
           Days
           ,
           not
           exceeding
           One
           and
           Twenty
           at
           any
           one
           Time
           ,
           as
           the
           several
           respective
           Courts
           shall
           appoint
           .
           The
           Time
           for
           the
           Beginning
           of
           the
           Term
           in
           the
           
             Precinct
             Court
          
           ,
           shall
           be
           the
           first
           Monday
           in
           
             January
             ,
             April
             ,
             July
          
           and
           October
           ;
           in
           the
           
             County
             Court
          
           ,
           the
           first
           Monday
           in
           
             February
             ,
             May
             ,
             August
          
           and
           November
           ;
           and
           in
           
           the
           
             Proprietors
             Courts
          
           ,
           the
           first
           Monday
           in
           
             March
             ,
             June
             ,
             September
          
           and
           December
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           68.
           
           In
           the
           
             Precinct
             Court
          
           no
           Man
           shall
           be
           a
           Jury-man
           under
           Fifty
           Acres
           of
           Freehold
           .
           In
           the
           
             County
             Court
          
           ,
           or
           at
           the
           Assizes
           ,
           no
           Man
           shall
           be
           a
           
             Grand
             Jury-man
          
           under
           Three
           Hundred
           Acres
           of
           Freehold
           ;
           and
           no
           Man
           shall
           be
           a
           
             Petty
             Jury-man
          
           under
           Two
           Hundred
           Acres
           of
           Freehold
           .
           In
           the
           
             Proprietors
             Courts
          
           no
           Man
           shall
           be
           a
           Jury-man
           under
           Five
           Hundred
           Acres
           of
           Freehold
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           69.
           
           Every
           Jury
           shall
           consist
           of
           Twelve
           Men
           ;
           and
           it
           shall
           not
           be
           necessary
           they
           should
           all
           agree
           ,
           but
           the
           Verdict
           shall
           be
           according
           to
           the
           Consent
           of
           the
           Majority
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           70.
           
           It
           shall
           be
           a
           base
           and
           vile
           Thing
           to
           plead
           for
           Money
           or
           Reward
           ;
           nor
           shall
           any
           one
           (
           except
           he
           be
           a
           near
           Kinsman
           ,
           not
           farther
           off
           than
           Cousin-german
           to
           the
           Party
           concern'd
           )
           be
           permitted
           to
           plead
           another
           Man's
           Cause
           ,
           till
           before
           the
           Judge
           in
           open
           Court
           he
           hath
           taken
           an
           Oath
           ,
           that
           he
           doth
           not
           plead
           for
           Money
           or
           Reward
           ,
           nor
           hath
           nor
           will
           receive
           ,
           nor
           directly
           nor
           indirectly
           bargain'd
           with
           the
           Party
           whose
           Cause
           he
           is
           going
           to
           plead
           ,
           for
           Money
           or
           any
           other
           Reward
           for
           pleading
           his
           Cause
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           71.
           
           There
           shall
           be
           a
           Parliament
           ,
           consisting
           of
           the
           Proprietors
           ,
           or
           their
           Deputies
           ,
           the
           Landgraves
           and
           Cassiques
           ,
           and
           one
           Freeholder
           out
           of
           every
           Precinct
           ,
           to
           be
           chosen
           by
           the
           Freeholders
           of
           the
           said
           Precinct
           respectively
           .
           They
           shall
           sit
           altogether
           in
           one
           Room
           ,
           and
           have
           every
           Member
           one
           Vote
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           72.
           
           No
           Man
           shall
           be
           chosen
           a
           Member
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           who
           hath
           less
           than
           Five
           Hundred
           Acres
           of
           Freehold
           within
           the
           Precinct
           for
           which
           he
           is
           chosen
           ;
           nor
           shall
           any
           have
           a
           Vote
           in
           chusing
           the
           said
           Member
           that
           hath
           less
           than
           Fifty
           Acres
           of
           Freehold
           within
           the
           said
           Precinct
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           73.
           
           A
           new
           Parliament
           shall
           be
           assembled
           the
           first
           Monday
           of
           the
           Month
           of
           November
           every
           Second
           Year
           ,
           and
           shall
           meet
           and
           sit
           in
           the
           Town
           they
           last
           sat
           in
           ,
           without
           any
           Summons
           ,
           unless
           by
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Court
           they
           be
           summon'd
           to
           meet
           at
           any
           other
           Place
           .
           And
           if
           there
           shall
           be
           any
           occasion
           of
           a
           Parliament
           in
           these
           Intervals
           ,
           it
           shall
           be
           in
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Court
           to
           assemble
           them
           in
           Forty
           Days
           Notice
           ,
           and
           at
           such
           Time
           and
           Place
           as
           the
           said
           Court
           shall
           think
           fit
           ;
           and
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Court
           shall
           have
           Power
           to
           dissolve
           the
           Parliament
           when
           they
           shall
           think
           fit
           .
        
         
         
           §
           .
           74.
           
           At
           the
           Opening
           of
           every
           Parliament
           ,
           the
           first
           Thing
           that
           shall
           be
           done
           ,
           shall
           be
           the
           Reading
           of
           these
           
             Fundamental
             Constitutions
          
           ,
           which
           the
           Palatine
           and
           Proprietors
           ,
           and
           the
           Rest
           of
           the
           Members
           then
           present
           ,
           shall
           subscribe
           .
           Nor
           shall
           any
           Person
           whatsoever
           sit
           or
           vote
           in
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           till
           he
           hath
           that
           Session
           subscribed
           these
           
             Fundamental
             Constitutions
          
           ,
           in
           a
           Book
           kept
           for
           that
           Purpose
           by
           the
           Clerk
           of
           the
           Parliament
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           75.
           
           In
           order
           to
           the
           due
           Election
           of
           Members
           for
           the
           
             Biennial
             Parliament
          
           ,
           it
           shall
           be
           lawful
           for
           the
           Freeholders
           of
           the
           respective
           Precincts
           to
           meet
           the
           first
           Tuesday
           in
           September
           every
           Two
           Years
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           Town
           or
           Place
           that
           they
           last
           met
           in
           to
           chuse
           Parliament-Men
           ,
           and
           there
           chuse
           those
           Members
           that
           are
           to
           sit
           the
           next
           November
           following
           ,
           unless
           the
           Steward
           of
           the
           Precinct
           shall
           by
           sufficient
           Notice
           Thirty
           Days
           before
           ,
           appoint
           some
           other
           Place
           for
           their
           Meeting
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           the
           Election
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           76.
           
           No
           Act
           or
           Order
           of
           Parliament
           shall
           be
           of
           any
           Force
           ,
           unless
           it
           be
           ratified
           in
           open
           Parliament
           during
           the
           same
           Session
           ,
           by
           the
           Palatine
           or
           his
           Deputy
           ,
           and
           Three
           more
           of
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           ,
           or
           their
           Deputies
           ,
           and
           then
           not
           to
           continue
           longer
           in
           Force
           but
           until
           the
           next
           
             biennial
             Parliament
          
           ,
           unless
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           it
           be
           ratified
           under
           the
           Hands
           and
           Seals
           of
           the
           Palatine
           himself
           ,
           and
           Three
           more
           of
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           themselves
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           Order
           publish'd
           at
           the
           next
           
             biennial
             Parliament
          
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           77.
           
           Any
           Proprietor
           or
           his
           Deputy
           may
           enter
           his
           Protestation
           against
           any
           Act
           of
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           before
           the
           Palatine
           or
           his
           
           Deputy's
           Consent
           be
           given
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           if
           he
           shall
           conceive
           the
           said
           Act
           to
           be
           contrary
           to
           this
           Establishment
           ,
           or
           any
           of
           these
           
             Fundamental
             Constitutions
          
           of
           the
           Government
           .
           And
           in
           such
           Case
           ,
           after
           a
           full
           and
           free
           Debate
           ,
           the
           several
           Estates
           shall
           retire
           into
           Four
           several
           Chambers
           ,
           the
           Palatine
           and
           Proprietors
           into
           one
           ,
           the
           Landgraves
           into
           another
           ,
           the
           Cassiques
           into
           another
           ,
           and
           those
           chosen
           by
           the
           Precincts
           into
           a
           fourth
           ;
           and
           if
           the
           major
           part
           of
           any
           of
           the
           Four
           Estates
           shall
           vote
           ,
           that
           the
           Law
           is
           not
           agreeable
           to
           this
           Establishment
           ,
           and
           these
           
             Fundamental
             Constitutions
          
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           then
           it
           shall
           pass
           no
           farther
           ,
           but
           be
           as
           if
           it
           had
           never
           been
           proposed
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           78.
           
           The
           Quorum
           of
           the
           Parliament
           shall
           be
           one
           half
           of
           those
           who
           are
           Members
           ,
           and
           capable
           of
           Sitting
           in
           the
           House
           that
           present
           Sessions
           of
           Parliament
           .
           The
           Quorum
           of
           each
           of
           the
           Chambers
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           shall
           be
           one
           half
           of
           the
           Members
           of
           that
           Chamber
           .
        
         
         
           §
           .
           79.
           
           To
           avoid
           Multiplicity
           of
           Laws
           ,
           which
           by
           Degrees
           always
           change
           the
           right
           Foundations
           of
           the
           Original
           Government
           ;
           All
           Acts
           of
           Parliament
           whatsoever
           ,
           in
           whatsoever
           Form
           passed
           or
           enacted
           ,
           shall
           at
           the
           End
           of
           a
           Hundred
           Years
           after
           their
           Enacting
           ,
           respectively
           cease
           and
           determine
           of
           themselves
           ,
           and
           without
           any
           Repeal
           become
           null
           and
           void
           ,
           as
           if
           no
           such
           Acts
           or
           Laws
           had
           ever
           been
           made
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           80.
           
           Since
           Multiplicity
           of
           Comments
           ,
           as
           we
           ●●a●
           of
           Laws
           ,
           have
           great
           Inconveniences
           ,
           and
           serve
           only
           to
           obscure
           and
           perplex
           ;
           All
           manner
           of
           Comments
           and
           Expositions
           on
           any
           Part
           of
           these
           
             Fundamental
             Constitutions
          
           ,
           or
           any
           Part
           of
           the
           Common
           or
           
             Statute
             Law
          
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           are
           absolutely
           prohibited
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           81.
           
           There
           shall
           be
           a
           Registry
           in
           every
           Precinct
           ,
           wherein
           shall
           be
           enrolled
           all
           
             Deeds
             ,
             Leases
             ,
             Judgments
             ,
             Mortgages
             ,
          
           and
           other
           Conveyances
           ,
           which
           may
           concern
           any
           of
           the
           Land
           within
           the
           said
           Precinct
           ;
           and
           all
           such
           Conveyances
           not
           so
           entred
           or
           registred
           ,
           shall
           not
           be
           of
           Force
           against
           any
           Person
           nor
           Party
           to
           the
           said
           Contract
           or
           Conveyance
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           82.
           
           No
           Man
           shall
           be
           Register
           of
           any
           Precinct
           ,
           who
           hath
           not
           at
           least
           Three
           Hundred
           Acres
           of
           Freehold
           within
           the
           said
           Precinct
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           83.
           
           The
           Freeholders
           of
           every
           Precinct
           shall
           nominate
           Three
           Men
           ,
           out
           of
           which
           Three
           the
           
             Chief
             Justice's
             Court
          
           shall
           chuse
           and
           commission
           one
           to
           be
           Register
           of
           the
           said
           Precinct
           ,
           whilst
           he
           shall
           well
           behave
           himself
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           84.
           
           There
           shall
           be
           a
           Registry
           in
           every
           
             Signiory
             ,
             Barony
          
           ,
           and
           Colony
           ▪
           wherein
           shall
           be
           recorded
           all
           the
           
             Births
             ,
             Marriages
          
           ,
           and
           Deaths
           ,
           that
           shall
           happen
           within
           the
           respective
           
             Signiories
             ,
             Baronies
          
           ,
           and
           Colonies
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           85.
           
           No
           Man
           shall
           be
           Register
           of
           a
           Colony
           that
           hath
           not
           above
           Fifty
           Acres
           of
           Freehold
           within
           the
           said
           Colony
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           86.
           
           The
           Time
           of
           every
           one's
           Age
           that
           is
           born
           in
           Carolina
           ,
           shall
           be
           reckoned
           from
           the
           Day
           that
           his
           Birth
           is
           entred
           in
           the
           Registry
           ,
           and
           not
           before
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           87.
           
           No
           Marriage
           shall
           be
           lawful
           ,
           whatever
           Contract
           and
           Ceremony
           they
           have
           used
           ,
           till
           both
           the
           Parties
           mutually
           own
           it
           before
           the
           Register
           of
           the
           Place
           ,
           where
           they
           were
           married
           ,
           and
           he
           register
           ●●
           with
           the
           Names
           of
           the
           Father
           and
           Mother
           of
           each
           Party
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           88.
           
           No
           Man
           shall
           administer
           to
           the
           Goods
           ,
           or
           have
           Right
           to
           them
           ,
           or
           enter
           upon
           the
           Estate
           of
           any
           Person
           deceased
           ,
           till
           his
           Death
           be
           registred
           in
           the
           respective
           Registry
           .
        
         
         
           §
           .
           89.
           
           He
           that
           doth
           not
           enter
           in
           the
           respective
           Registry
           ,
           the
           Birth
           or
           Death
           of
           any
           Person
           that
           is
           born
           ,
           or
           dies
           in
           his
           House
           or
           Ground
           ,
           shall
           pay
           to
           the
           said
           Register
           One
           Shilling
           per
           Week
           ,
           for
           each
           such
           Neglect
           ,
           reckoning
           from
           the
           Time
           of
           each
           Birth
           or
           Death
           respectively
           ,
           to
           the
           Time
           of
           Registring
           it
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           90.
           
           In
           like
           manner
           the
           
             Births
             ,
             Marriages
          
           ,
           and
           Deaths
           of
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
             ,
             Landgraves
          
           ,
           and
           Cassiques
           ,
           shall
           be
           registred
           in
           the
           
           Chamberlain's
           Court.
           
        
         
           §
           .
           91.
           
           There
           shall
           be
           in
           every
           Colony
           one
           Constable
           ,
           to
           be
           chosen
           annually
           by
           the
           Freeholders
           of
           the
           Colony
           :
           His
           Estate
           shall
           be
           above
           a
           Hundred
           Acres
           of
           Freehold
           within
           the
           said
           Colony
           ,
           and
           such
           subordinate
           Officers
           appointed
           for
           his
           Assistance
           ,
           as
           the
           
             County
             Court
          
           shall
           find
           requisite
           ,
           and
           shall
           be
           established
           by
           the
           said
           
             County
             Court.
          
           The
           Election
           of
           the
           subordinate
           Annual
           Officers
           shall
           be
           also
           in
           the
           Freeholders
           of
           the
           Colony
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           92.
           
           All
           
             Towns
             Incorporate
          
           shall
           be
           governed
           by
           a
           Mayor
           ,
           Twelve
           Aldermen
           ,
           and
           Twenty
           Four
           of
           the
           Common-Council
           .
           The
           said
           Common-Council
           shall
           be
           chosen
           by
           the
           present
           Housholders
           of
           the
           said
           Town
           ;
           the
           Aldemen
           shall
           be
           chosen
           out
           of
           the
           Common-Council
           ,
           and
           the
           Mayor
           out
           of
           the
           Aldermen
           by
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Court.
           
        
         
           §
           .
           93.
           
           It
           being
           of
           great
           consequence
           to
           the
           Plantation
           ,
           that
           Port-Towns
           should
           be
           built
           and
           preserved
           ;
           Therefore
           whosoever
           shall
           lade
           or
           unlade
           any
           Commodity
           at
           any
           other
           Place
           but
           a
           Port-Town
           ,
           shall
           forfeit
           to
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           for
           each
           Tun
           so
           laden
           or
           unladen
           ,
           the
           Sum
           of
           Ten
           Pounds
           Sterling
           ,
           except
           only
           such
           Goods
           ,
           as
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Court
           shall
           Licence
           to
           be
           laden
           or
           unladen
           elsewhere
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           94.
           
           The
           first
           Port-Town
           upon
           every
           River
           ,
           shall
           ,
           be
           in
           a
           Colony
           ,
           and
           be
           a
           Port-Town
           for
           ever
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           95.
           
           No
           man
           shall
           be
           permitted
           to
           be
           a
           Freeman
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           or
           to
           have
           any
           Estate
           or
           Habitation
           within
           it
           ,
           that
           doth
           not
           acknowledge
           a
           God
           ,
           and
           that
           God
           is
           publickly
           and
           solemnly
           to
           be
           Worshipped
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           96.
           
           As
           the
           Country
           comes
           to
           be
           sufficiently
           Planted
           and
           Distributed
           into
           fit
           Divisions
           ,
           it
           shall
           belong
           to
           the
           Parliament
           to
           take
           care
           for
           the
           Building
           of
           Churches
           ,
           and
           the
           publick
           Maintenance
           of
           Divines
           ,
           to
           be
           employed
           in
           the
           Exercise
           of
           Religion
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           
             Church
             of
             England
          
           ,
           which
           being
           the
           only
           true
           and
           Orthodox
           ,
           and
           the
           National
           Religion
           of
           all
           the
           King's
           Dominions
           ,
           is
           so
           also
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           and
           therefore
           it
           alone
           shall
           be
           allowed
           to
           receive
           publick
           Maintenance
           by
           Grant
           of
           Parliament
           .
        
         
         
           But
           since
           the
           Natives
           of
           that
           Place
           who
           will
           be
           concerned
           in
           our
           Plantation
           ,
           are
           utterly
           Strangers
           to
           Christianity
           ,
           whose
           Idolatry
           ,
           Ignorance
           ,
           or
           Mistake
           ,
           gives
           us
           no
           Right
           to
           expel
           ,
           or
           use
           them
           ill
           ;
           and
           those
           who
           remove
           from
           other
           Parts
           to
           plant
           there
           ,
           will
           unavoidably
           be
           of
           different
           Opinions
           concerning
           Matters
           of
           Religion
           ,
           the
           Liberty
           whereof
           they
           will
           expect
           to
           have
           allowed
           them
           ,
           and
           it
           will
           not
           be
           reasonable
           for
           us
           ,
           on
           this
           Account
           ,
           to
           keep
           them
           out
           ;
           that
           
             Civil
             Peace
          
           may
           be
           maintained
           amidst
           the
           Diversity
           of
           Opinions
           ,
           and
           our
           Agreement
           and
           Compact
           with
           all
           Men
           ,
           may
           be
           duly
           and
           faithfully
           observed
           ,
           the
           Violation
           thereof
           upon
           what
           Pretence
           soever
           ,
           cannot
           be
           without
           great
           Offence
           to
           
             Almighty
             God
          
           ,
           and
           great
           Scandal
           to
           the
           true
           Religion
           which
           we
           profess
           ;
           and
           also
           that
           
             Jews
             ,
             Heathens
          
           ,
           and
           other
           Dissenters
           from
           the
           Purity
           of
           
             Christian
             Religion
          
           ,
           may
           not
           be
           scared
           and
           kept
           at
           a
           distance
           from
           it
           ,
           but
           by
           having
           an
           Opportunity
           of
           acquainting
           themselves
           with
           the
           Truth
           and
           Reasonableness
           of
           its
           Doctrines
           ,
           and
           the
           Peaceableness
           and
           Inoffensiveness
           of
           its
           Professors
           ,
           may
           by
           
             good
             Vsage
          
           and
           Perswasion
           ,
           and
           all
           those
           convincing
           Methods
           of
           Gentleness
           and
           Meekness
           ,
           suitable
           to
           the
           Rules
           and
           Design
           of
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           be
           won
           over
           to
           embrace
           ,
           and
           unfeignedly
           receive
           the
           Truth
           ;
           therefore
           ,
           any
           seven
           ,
           or
           more
           Persons
           agreeing
           in
           any
           Religion
           ,
           shall
           Constitute
           a
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           to
           which
           they
           shall
           give
           some
           Name
           ,
           to
           distinguish
           it
           from
           others
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           98.
           
           The
           Terms
           of
           Admittance
           and
           Communion
           with
           any
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           shall
           be
           written
           in
           a
           Book
           ,
           and
           therein
           be
           subscribed
           by
           all
           the
           Members
           of
           the
           said
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ;
           which
           Book
           shall
           be
           kept
           by
           the
           Publick
           Register
           of
           the
           Precinct
           where
           they
           reside
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           99.
           
           The
           Time
           of
           every
           ones
           Subscription
           and
           Admittance
           ,
           shall
           be
           Dated
           in
           the
           said
           Book
           ,
           or
           
             Religious
             Record
          
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           100.
           
           In
           the
           Terms
           of
           Communion
           of
           every
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           these
           following
           shall
           be
           three
           ,
           without
           which
           no
           Agreement
           or
           Assembly
           of
           Men
           ,
           upon
           Pretence
           of
           Religion
           ,
           shall
           be
           accounted
           a
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           wiehin
           these
           Rules
           :
           
             
               I.
               
                 That
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 GOD.
              
               
            
             
               II.
               
                 That
                 GOD
                 is
                 publickly
                 to
                 be
                 Worshipped
                 .
              
            
             
               III.
               
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 lawful
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Duty
                 of
                 every
                 Man
                 ,
                 being
                 thereunto
                 called
                 by
                 those
                 that
                 Govern
                 ,
                 to
                 bear
                 Witness
                 to
                 Truth
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 every
                 Church
                 or
                 Profession
                 shall
                 in
                 their
                 Terms
                 of
                 Communion
                 set
                 down
                 the
                 external
                 Way
                 whereby
                 they
                 witness
                 a
                 Truth
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Presence
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 by
                 laying
                 Hands
                 on
                 ,
                 or
                 kissing
                 the
              
               Bible
               ,
               
                 as
                 in
                 the
              
               Church
               of
               England
               ,
               
                 or
                 by
                 holding
                 up
                 the
                 Hand
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 sensible
                 Way
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
         
           §
           .
           101.
           
           No
           Person
           above
           seventeen
           Years
           of
           Age
           ,
           shall
           have
           any
           Benefit
           or
           Protection
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           or
           be
           capable
           of
           any
           Place
           of
           Profit
           or
           Honour
           ,
           which
           is
           not
           a
           Member
           of
           some
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           having
           his
           Name
           Recorded
           ,
           in
           some
           one
           and
           but
           one
           
             Religious
             Record
          
           ,
           at
           once
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           102.
           
           No
           Person
           of
           any
           other
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           shall
           disturb
           or
           molest
           any
           
             Religious
             Assembly
          
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           103.
           
           No
           Person
           whatsoever
           ,
           shall
           speak
           anything
           in
           their
           
             Religions
             Assembly
          
           ,
           irreverently
           or
           seditiously
           ,
           of
           the
           Government
           or
           Governours
           ,
           or
           State-Matters
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           104.
           
           Any
           Person
           subscribing
           the
           Terms
           of
           Communion
           in
           the
           Record
           of
           the
           said
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           before
           the
           
             Precinct
             Register
          
           ,
           and
           any
           five
           Members
           of
           the
           said
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           shall
           be
           thereby
           made
           a
           Member
           of
           the
           said
           Church
           or
           Profession
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           105.
           
           Any
           Person
           striking
           out
           his
           own
           Name
           ,
           out
           of
           any
           
             Religious
             Record
          
           ,
           or
           his
           Name
           being
           struck
           out
           by
           any
           Officer
           thereunto
           authorized
           by
           each
           Church
           or
           Profession
           respectively
           ,
           shall
           cease
           to
           be
           a
           Member
           of
           that
           Church
           or
           Profession
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           106.
           
           No
           Man
           shall
           use
           any
           
             reproachful
             ,
             reviling
          
           ,
           or
           
             abusive
             Language
          
           ,
           against
           the
           Religion
           of
           any
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           that
           being
           the
           certain
           way
           of
           disturbing
           the
           Peace
           ,
           and
           of
           hindring
           the
           Conversion
           of
           any
           to
           the
           Truth
           ,
           by
           engaging
           them
           in
           Quarrels
           and
           Animosities
           ,
           to
           the
           hatred
           of
           the
           Professors
           and
           that
           Profession
           ,
           which
           otherwise
           they
           might
           be
           brought
           to
           assent
           to
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           107.
           
           Since
           Charity
           obliges
           us
           to
           wish
           well
           to
           the
           Souls
           of
           all
           Men
           ,
           and
           Religion
           ought
           to
           alter
           nothing
           in
           any
           Man
           's
           Civil
           Estate
           or
           Right
           ,
           it
           shall
           be
           lawful
           for
           Slaves
           as
           well
           as
           others
           ,
           to
           enter
           themselves
           ,
           and
           be
           of
           what
           Church
           or
           Profession
           any
           of
           them
           shall
           think
           best
           ,
           and
           thereof
           be
           as
           fully
           Members
           as
           any
           Freeman
           .
           But
           yet
           no
           Slave
           shall
           hereby
           be
           exempted
           from
           that
           
             Civil
             Dominion
          
           his
           Master
           hath
           over
           him
           ,
           but
           be
           in
           all
           other
           Things
           in
           the
           same
           State
           and
           Condition
           he
           was
           in
           before
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           108.
           
           Assemblies
           ,
           upon
           what
           Pretence
           soever
           of
           Religion
           ,
           not
           observing
           and
           performing
           the
           abovesaid
           Rules
           ,
           shall
           not
           be
           esteemed
           as
           Churches
           ,
           but
           unlawful
           Meetings
           ,
           and
           be
           punished
           as
           other
           Riots
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           109.
           
           No
           Person
           whatsoever
           ,
           shall
           
             disturb
             ,
             molest
          
           or
           persecute
           another
           for
           his
           speculative
           Opinions
           in
           Religion
           ,
           or
           his
           Way
           of
           Worship
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           110.
           
           Every
           Freeman
           of
           Carolina
           shall
           have
           absolute
           Power
           and
           Authority
           over
           his
           
             Negro
             Slaves
          
           ,
           of
           what
           Opinion
           or
           Religion
           soever
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           111.
           
           No
           Cause
           ,
           whether
           Civil
           or
           Criminal
           ,
           of
           any
           Freeman
           ,
           shall
           be
           Tried
           in
           any
           Court
           of
           Judicature
           ,
           without
           a
           Jury
           of
           his
           Peers
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           112.
           
           No
           Person
           whatsoever
           shall
           hold
           or
           claim
           any
           Land
           in
           Carolina
           by
           Purchase
           or
           Gift
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           ,
           from
           the
           Natives
           or
           any
           other
           
           whatsoever
           ,
           but
           meerly
           from
           and
           under
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           ,
           upon
           pain
           of
           Forfeiture
           of
           all
           his
           Estate
           ,
           moveable
           or
           immoveable
           ,
           and
           perpetual
           Banishment
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           113.
           
           Whosoever
           shall
           possess
           any
           Freehold
           in
           Carolina
           ,
           upon
           what
           Title
           or
           Grant
           soever
           ,
           shall
           at
           the
           farthest
           from
           and
           after
           the
           Year
           One
           Thousand
           Six
           Hundred
           Eighty
           Nine
           ,
           pay
           yearly
           unto
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           for
           each
           Acre
           of
           Land
           ,
           English
           Measure
           ,
           as
           much
           fine
           Silver
           as
           is
           at
           this
           present
           in
           one
           English
           Penny
           ,
           or
           the
           Value
           thereof
           to
           be
           as
           a
           
             Chief
             Rent
          
           and
           Acknowledgment
           to
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           ,
           their
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           for
           ever
           .
           And
           it
           shall
           be
           lawful
           for
           the
           
           Palatine's
           Court
           by
           their
           Officers
           at
           any
           Time
           ,
           to
           take
           a
           new
           Survey
           of
           any
           Man's
           Land
           ,
           not
           to
           out
           him
           of
           any
           Part
           of
           his
           Possession
           ,
           but
           that
           by
           such
           a
           Survey
           the
           just
           Number
           of
           Acres
           he
           possesseth
           ,
           may
           be
           known
           ,
           and
           the
           Rent
           thereupon
           due
           ,
           may
           be
           paid
           by
           him
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           114.
           
           All
           
             Wrecks
             ,
             Mines
             ,
             Minerals
             ,
             Quarries
          
           of
           Gems
           ,
           and
           
             Precious
             Stones
          
           ,
           with
           
             Pearl-fishing
             ,
             Whale-fishing
          
           ,
           and
           one
           Half
           of
           all
           Ambergreece
           ,
           by
           whomsoever
           found
           ,
           shall
           wholly
           belong
           to
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           .
        
         
           §
           115.
           
           All
           Revenues
           and
           Profits
           belonging
           to
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           ,
           in
           common
           ,
           shall
           be
           divided
           into
           ten
           Parts
           ,
           whereof
           the
           Palatine
           shall
           have
           three
           ,
           and
           each
           Proprietor
           one
           ;
           but
           if
           the
           Palatine
           shall
           Govern
           by
           a
           Deputy
           ,
           his
           Deputy
           shall
           have
           one
           of
           those
           three
           Tenths
           ,
           and
           the
           Palatine
           the
           other
           two
           Tenths
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           116.
           
           All
           Inhabitants
           and
           Freemen
           of
           Carolina
           above
           Seventeen
           Years
           of
           Age
           ,
           and
           under
           sixty
           ,
           shall
           be
           bound
           to
           bear
           Arms
           ,
           and
           serve
           as
           Soldiers
           whenever
           the
           
             Grand
             Council
          
           shall
           find
           it
           necessary
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           117.
           
           A
           true
           Copy
           of
           these
           
             Fundamental
             Constitutions
          
           shall
           be
           kept
           in
           a
           great
           Book
           by
           the
           Register
           of
           every
           Precinct
           ,
           to
           be
           subscribed
           before
           the
           said
           Register
           .
           Nor
           shall
           any
           Person
           ,
           of
           what
           Condition
           or
           Degree
           soever
           ,
           above
           seventeen
           Years
           old
           ,
           have
           any
           Estate
           or
           Possession
           in
           Carolina
           ,
           or
           Protection
           or
           Benefit
           of
           the
           Law
           there
           ,
           who
           hath
           not
           before
           a
           
             Precinct
             Register
             subscribed
          
           these
           
             Fundamental
             Constitutions
          
           in
           this
           Form
           :
           
             I
             
               A.
               B.
            
             do
             promise
             to
             bear
             Faith
             and
             true
             Allegiance
             to
             our
             Soveraign
             Lord
             King
             CHARLES
             the
             Second
             ,
             His
             Heirs
             and
             Successors
             ;
             and
             will
             be
             true
             and
             faithfull
             to
             the
             Palatine
             and
             
               Lords
               Proprietors
            
             of
             Carolina
             ,
             their
             Heirs
             and
             Successors
             ,
             and
             with
             my
             utmost
             Power
             will
             defend
             them
             ,
             and
             maintain
             the
             Government
             according
             to
             this
             Establishment
             in
             these
             
               Fundamental
               Constitutions
            
             .
          
        
         
         
           §
           .
           118.
           
           Whatsoever
           Alien
           shall
           in
           this
           Form
           ,
           before
           any
           
             Precinct
             Register
          
           subscribe
           these
           
             Fundamental
             Constitutions
          
           ,
           shall
           be
           thereby
           Naturalized
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           119.
           
           In
           the
           same
           Manner
           shall
           every
           Person
           at
           his
           Admittance
           into
           any
           Office
           ,
           subscribe
           these
           
             Fundamental
             Constitutions
          
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           120.
           
           These
           
             Fundamental
             Constitutions
          
           ,
           in
           Number
           a
           hundred
           and
           twenty
           ,
           and
           every
           Part
           thereof
           ,
           shall
           be
           and
           remain
           the
           Sacred
           and
           
             unalterable
             Form
          
           and
           Rule
           of
           Government
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           for
           ever
           .
           Witness
           our
           Hands
           and
           Seals
           ,
           the
           First
           Day
           of
           March
           ,
           1669.
           
        
         
           
             RULES
             of
             PRECEDENCY
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             THE
             
               Lords
               Proprietors
            
             ,
             the
             eldest
             in
             Age
             first
             ,
             and
             so
             in
             order
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             eldest
             Sons
             of
             the
             
               Lords
               Proprietors
            
             ,
             the
             eldest
             in
             Age
             first
             ,
             and
             so
             in
             order
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             Landgraves
             of
             the
             
               Grand
               Council
            
             ,
             he
             that
             hath
             been
             longest
             of
             the
             
               Grand
               Council
            
             first
             ,
             and
             so
             in
             order
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             The
             Cassiques
             of
             the
             
               Grand
               Council
            
             ,
             he
             that
             hath
             been
             longest
             of
             the
             
               Grand
               Council
            
             first
             ,
             and
             so
             in
             order
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             The
             seven
             Commoners
             ,
             of
             the
             
               Grand
               Council
            
             that
             have
             been
             longest
             of
             the
             
               Grand
               Council
            
             ,
             he
             that
             hath
             been
             longest
             of
             the
             
               Grand
               Council
            
             first
             ,
             and
             so
             in
             order
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             The
             youngest
             Sons
             of
             Proprietors
             ,
             the
             eldest
             first
             ,
             and
             so
             in
             order
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             The
             Landgraves
             ,
             the
             eldest
             in
             Age
             first
             ,
             and
             so
             in
             order
             .
          
           
             8.
             
             The
             seven
             Commoners
             ,
             who
             next
             to
             those
             before
             mentioned
             have
             been
             longest
             of
             the
             
               Grand
               Council
            
             ,
             he
             that
             hath
             been
             longest
             of
             the
             
               Grand
               Council
            
             first
             ,
             and
             so
             in
             order
             .
          
           
             9.
             
             The
             Cassiques
             ,
             the
             eldest
             in
             Age
             first
             ,
             and
             so
             in
             order
             .
          
           
             10.
             
             The
             seven
             remaining
             Commoners
             of
             the
             
               Grand
               Council
            
             ,
             he
             that
             hath
             been
             longest
             of
             the
             
               Grand
               Council
            
             first
             ,
             and
             so
             in
             order
             .
          
           
             11.
             
             The
             Male
             Line
             of
             the
             Proprietors
             .
          
           
             The
             rest
             shall
             be
             determined
             by
             the
             
             Chamberlain's
             Court.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           COPY
           OF
           THE
           Fundamental
           Constitutions
           OF
           CAROLINA
           .
           Agreed
           on
           by
           all
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           ,
           and
           Signed
           and
           Sealed
           by
           them
           ,
           (
           the
           Original
           being
           sent
           to
           CAROLINA
           by
           Major
           DANIEL
           :
           )
        
         
           
             
               April
               the
               Eleventh
               ,
               1698.
               
            
          
        
         
           OUR
           LATE
           SOVEREIGN
           LORD
           KING
           CHARLES
           IId
           ,
           Having
           out
           of
           his
           Royal
           Grace
           and
           Bounty
           ,
           granted
           unto
           Us
           ,
           the
           Province
           of
           CAROLINA
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           Royalties
           ,
           Properties
           ,
           Jurisdictions
           and
           Priviledges
           of
           a
           
             County
             Palatine
          
           ,
           as
           large
           and
           ample
           as
           the
           
             County
             Palatine
          
           of
           Durham
           ,
           with
           other
           great
           Priviledges
           ;
           for
           the
           better
           Settlement
           of
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           said
           Place
           ,
           and
           establishing
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           with
           Equality
           ,
           and
           without
           Confusion
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           Government
           may
           be
           made
           most
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Monarchy
           under
           which
           we
           live
           ,
           and
           of
           which
           this
           Province
           is
           a
           Part
           ;
           and
           that
           we
           may
           avoid
           erecting
           a
           numerous
           Democracy
           ,
           We
           the
           
             Lords
             Proprietors
          
           of
           the
           Province
           aforesaid
           ,
           with
           the
           advice
           and
           consent
           of
           the
           Landgraves
           and
           Cassiques
           and
           Commons
           in
           this
           present
           Parliament
           assembled
           ,
           have
           agreed
           to
           this
           following
           Form
           of
           Government
           ,
           to
           be
           Perpetually
           
           establish'd
           amongst
           us
           ,
           unto
           which
           we
           do
           oblige
           our selves
           ,
           our
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           in
           the
           most
           binding
           ways
           that
           can
           be
           devised
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           THE
           Proprietor's
           Court
           shall
           consist
           of
           the
           Palatine
           ,
           and
           seven
           Proprietors
           ;
           wherein
           nothing
           shall
           be
           acted
           without
           the
           Presence
           and
           Consent
           of
           the
           Palatine
           ,
           and
           three
           others
           of
           the
           Lords
           Proprietors
           :
           This
           Court
           shall
           have
           Power
           to
           call
           and
           dissolve
           Parliaments
           ,
           to
           pardon
           all
           Offences
           ,
           to
           make
           Elections
           of
           all
           Offices
           in
           the
           Proprietor's
           Disposal
           ,
           to
           nominate
           and
           appoint
           Port
           Towns
           ;
           and
           also
           ,
           shall
           have
           Power
           by
           their
           Order
           ,
           to
           the
           Treasurer
           ,
           to
           dispose
           of
           all
           publick
           Treasure
           ,
           excepting
           Money
           granted
           by
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           by
           them
           directed
           to
           some
           particular
           publick
           Use
           :
           And
           also
           ,
           shall
           have
           a
           Negative
           upon
           all
           Acts
           ,
           Orders
           ,
           Votes
           and
           Judgments
           of
           the
           Parliament
           .
           And
           shall
           have
           all
           Power
           granted
           to
           the
           Lords
           Proprietors
           ,
           by
           their
           Patent
           ,
           from
           our
           Sovereign
           Lord
           the
           King
           ,
           except
           in
           such
           Things
           as
           are
           limited
           by
           these
           Fundamental
           Constitutions
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           DURING
           the
           Absence
           of
           the
           Palatine
           and
           Proprietors
           from
           Carolina
           ,
           the
           Governour
           ,
           commissionated
           by
           the
           Proprietors
           ,
           together
           with
           their
           respective
           Deputies
           ,
           shall
           be
           the
           Proprietor's
           Court
           there
           ,
           and
           shall
           have
           all
           the
           Powers
           above
           mentioned
           ,
           excepting
           in
           pardoning
           Offences
           ,
           and
           constituting
           Port-Towns
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           IN
           the
           Proprietor's
           Court
           ,
           the
           Palatine
           ,
           and
           any
           three
           of
           the
           Proprietors
           or
           the
           Governour
           ,
           and
           any
           three
           of
           the
           Proprietor's
           Deputys
           shall
           make
           a
           Quorum
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           NO
           Deputy
           of
           any
           Proprietor
           shall
           have
           any
           Power
           ,
           whilst
           the
           Deputator
           is
           in
           any
           Part
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           except
           the
           Proprietor
           (
           whose
           Deputy
           he
           is
           )
           be
           a
           Minor.
           
        
         
           5.
           
           DURING
           the
           Minority
           of
           any
           Proprietor
           ,
           his
           Guardian
           shall
           have
           Power
           to
           constitute
           and
           appoint
           his
           Deputy
           .
        
         
           6.
           
           THERE
           shall
           be
           a
           Parliament
           ,
           consisting
           of
           the
           Proprietors
           or
           their
           Deputies
           ,
           by
           themselves
           ,
           the
           Landgraves
           and
           Cassiques
           in
           the
           upper
           House
           ,
           and
           the
           Freeholders
           out
           of
           every
           County
           ,
           to
           be
           chosen
           by
           the
           Freeholders
           of
           the
           said
           County
           ,
           respectively
           ;
           together
           with
           the
           Citizens
           and
           Burgesses
           ,
           to
           be
           elected
           by
           the
           Cities
           and
           Borroughs
           (
           which
           shall
           be
           hereafter
           created
           )
           in
           the
           Lower
           House
           .
        
         
           7.
           
           AND
           since
           all
           Power
           and
           Dominion
           is
           most
           naturally
           founded
           in
           Property
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           is
           reasonable
           that
           every
           Man
           ,
           who
           is
           empowered
           to
           dispose
           of
           the
           Property
           and
           Estate
           of
           others
           ,
           should
           have
           a
           Property
           of
           his
           own
           ,
           whereby
           he
           is
           tyed
           in
           Interest
           to
           the
           Good
           and
           Welfare
           of
           that
           Place
           and
           Government
           ,
           whereby
           he
           is
           entrusted
           with
           such
           Power
           ;
           it
           is
           therefore
           declared
           and
           appointed
           ,
           That
           no
           Person
           
           shall
           be
           admitted
           ,
           or
           shall
           continue
           to
           sit
           or
           vote
           in
           Parliament
           as
           a
           Landgrave
           ,
           who
           has
           not
           actually
           taken
           up
           ,
           and
           has
           in
           his
           Possession
           at
           least
           ,
           
             _____
          
           Acres
           ,
           part
           of
           the
           Land
           granted
           him
           in
           his
           Patent
           and
           
             _____
          
           Slaves
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           Possession
           of
           his
           Tennants
           ,
           
             _____
          
           Acres
           of
           Land.
           And
           whose
           real
           and
           personal
           Estate
           shall
           not
           be
           worth
           at
           least
           ,
           
             _____
          
           Pounds
           :
           Nor
           as
           a
           Cassique
           to
           sit
           or
           vote
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           who
           has
           not
           actually
           taken
           up
           ,
           and
           has
           in
           his
           Possession
           at
           least
           ,
           
             _____
          
           Acres
           ,
           Part
           of
           the
           Land
           granted
           him
           in
           his
           Patent
           and
           
             _____
          
           Slaves
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           Possession
           of
           his
           Tenants
           
             _____
          
           Acres
           of
           Land.
           And
           whose
           real
           and
           personal
           Estate
           shall
           not
           be
           worth
           at
           least
           ,
           
             _____
          
           Pounds
        
         
           8.
           
           NO
           Person
           shall
           be
           admitted
           ,
           or
           continue
           to
           sit
           or
           vote
           in
           Parliament
           as
           a
           Representative
           of
           the
           Commons
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           who
           is
           not
           possess'd
           of
           at
           least
           ,
           
             _____
          
           Acres
           of
           Land
           :
           And
           whose
           real
           and
           personal
           Estate
           is
           not
           worth
           
             _____
          
           Pounds
           .
        
         
           9.
           
           NO
           Person
           shall
           be
           capable
           of
           giving
           his
           Voice
           for
           the
           Election
           of
           a
           Member
           to
           serve
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           that
           is
           not
           actually
           possess'd
           of
           
             _____
          
           Acres
           of
           Land
           ,
           and
           is
           a
           Housholder
           ,
           and
           has
           a
           Family
           ,
           and
           whose
           real
           and
           personal
           Estate
           does
           not
           amount
           to
           
             _____
          
           Pounds
           .
        
         
           10.
           
           THE
           present
           Number
           of
           the
           Representatives
           of
           the
           Commons
           shall
           be
           
             _____
          
           who
           (
           as
           the
           Country
           shall
           encrease
           )
           shall
           also
           proportionably
           be
           encreased
           ,
           if
           the
           Commons
           do
           so
           desire
           ,
           but
           shall
           in
           no
           future
           Time
           be
           encreased
           ,
           beyond
           one
           hundred
           .
        
         
           11.
           
           AND
           pursuant
           to
           that
           just
           Maxim
           of
           Government
           above
           mentioned
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           Preservation
           of
           the
           Ballance
           of
           Power
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Proportion
           of
           the
           Property
           ,
           it
           is
           declared
           and
           appointed
           ,
           That
           the
           Number
           of
           the
           Representatives
           of
           the
           People
           to
           be
           sent
           from
           any
           County
           or
           Place
           ,
           shall
           be
           more
           or
           less
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Charges
           born
           ,
           and
           Money
           paid
           by
           each
           Respective
           Division
           of
           the
           Country
           ,
           in
           the
           last
           General
           Assessment
           foregoing
           such
           Election
           .
        
         
           12.
           
           THE
           Landgraves
           and
           Cassiques
           who
           compose
           the
           Upper-House
           ,
           shall
           not
           at
           any
           time
           exceed
           half
           the
           Number
           of
           the
           Commons
           .
        
         
           13.
           
           THE
           Landgraves
           and
           Cassiques
           shall
           be
           created
           by
           the
           Lords
           Proprietors
           Letters
           Patents
           ,
           under
           their
           Great
           Seal
           ,
           by
           the
           joynt
           Election
           of
           the
           Proprietors
           ,
           or
           a
           Quorum
           of
           them
           ,
           which
           shall
           be
           the
           Hereditary
           Nobility
           of
           the
           Province
           of
           Carolina
           ;
           and
           by
           Righ●
           of
           their
           Dignity
           ,
           be
           Members
           of
           the
           Upper-House
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           each
           Landgrave
           shall
           have
           
             _____
          
           Acres
           of
           Land
           ,
           to
           be
           taken
           up
           in
           
             _____
          
           several
           Counties
           and
           each
           Cassique
           
             _____
          
           Acres
           of
           Land
           to
           be
           taken
           up
           in
           
             _____
          
           several
           Counties
           ,
           and
           the
           said
           Honour
           and
           Dignity
           shall
           descend
           to
           the
           Eldest
           Son
           ,
           unless
           by
           Deed
           or
           Will
           Devis'd
           to
           any
           other
           of
           the
           Sons
           ,
           or
           for
           want
           of
           Sons
           to
           the
           Eldest
           Daughter
           ;
           
           unless
           as
           aforesaid
           ;
           and
           for
           want
           of
           such
           to
           the
           next
           Heir
           (
           unless
           devised
           as
           aforesaid
           by
           Deed
           or
           Will
           )
           to
           be
           attested
           by
           Three
           credible
           Witnesses
           ,
           whereof
           one
           at
           least
           to
           be
           of
           the
           Nobility
           )
           to
           any
           other
           Person
           .
        
         
           14.
           
           AND
           to
           the
           End
           ,
           that
           such
           an
           Order
           of
           Persons
           being
           made
           Noble
           ,
           and
           invested
           with
           great
           Powers
           and
           Privileges
           ,
           whereby
           to
           engage
           them
           in
           a
           more
           particular
           Affection
           towards
           this
           Settlement
           and
           Country
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           may
           not
           fall
           into
           Contempt
           ,
           or
           be
           any
           ways
           injurious
           to
           the
           Constitution
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           It
           is
           Declared
           and
           Appointed
           that
           whatsoever
           Landgrave
           or
           Cassique
           ,
           his
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           shall
           not
           be
           qualified
           as
           in
           Article
           7th
           ,
           and
           so
           be
           excluded
           from
           the
           aforesaid
           Priviledge
           of
           Sitting
           and
           Voting
           in
           the
           Upper
           House
           ,
           and
           shall
           continue
           defective
           in
           the
           said
           Qualification
           for
           the
           space
           of
           Forty
           Years
           successively
           ,
           such
           Landgrave
           or
           Cassique
           ,
           his
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           shall
           from
           thenceforth
           be
           for
           ever
           utterly
           Excluded
           ,
           and
           his
           or
           their
           Dignity
           ,
           Honour
           ,
           Priviledge
           and
           Title
           of
           Landgrave
           or
           Cassique
           shall
           cease
           and
           be
           utterly
           lost
           ,
           and
           the
           Letters
           Patents
           of
           Creation
           of
           such
           Dignity
           shall
           be
           vacated
           .
        
         
           15.
           
           AND
           in
           order
           to
           the
           due
           Election
           of
           Members
           for
           the
           Biennial
           Parliament
           ,
           it
           shall
           be
           lawful
           for
           the
           Freeholders
           of
           the
           respective
           Precinct
           to
           meet
           the
           first
           Tuesday
           in
           September
           every
           Two
           Years
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           Town
           or
           Place
           they
           last
           met
           in
           ,
           to
           choose
           Parliament-Men
           ,
           and
           there
           to
           choose
           those
           Members
           that
           are
           to
           sit
           ▪
           next
           November
           following
           ,
           unless
           the
           Proprietors
           Court
           shall
           by
           sufficient
           Notice
           
             _____
          
           Days
           before
           ,
           appoint
           some
           other
           Place
           for
           their
           Meeting
           .
        
         
           16.
           
           A
           New
           Parliament
           shall
           be
           assembled
           the
           first
           Monday
           of
           the
           Month
           of
           November
           every
           second
           Year
           ,
           and
           shall
           meet
           and
           sit
           in
           the
           Town
           they
           last
           sat
           in
           ,
           without
           any
           Summons
           ,
           unless
           by
           the
           Proprietors
           Court
           in
           Carolina
           they
           be
           summoned
           to
           meet
           at
           any
           other
           Place
           ,
           and
           if
           there
           shall
           be
           Occasion
           of
           a
           Parliament
           in
           these
           Intervals
           ,
           it
           shall
           be
           in
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Proprietors
           Court
           to
           assemble
           them
           in
           
             _____
          
           Days
           Notice
           ,
           and
           at
           such
           Time
           and
           Place
           ,
           as
           the
           Court
           shall
           think
           fit
           .
        
         
           17.
           
           AT
           the
           Opening
           of
           every
           Parliament
           ,
           the
           first
           thing
           that
           shall
           be
           done
           ,
           shall
           be
           the
           Reading
           of
           these
           Fundamental
           Constitutions
           ,
           which
           the
           Palatine
           and
           the
           Proprietors
           ,
           and
           the
           Members
           then
           present
           ,
           shall
           subscribe
           ;
           Nor
           shall
           any
           Person
           whatsoever
           Sit
           or
           Vote
           in
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           till
           he
           has
           in
           that
           Session
           subscrib'd
           these
           Fundamental
           Constitutions
           ,
           in
           a
           Book
           kept
           for
           that
           purpose
           ,
           by
           the
           Clerk
           of
           the
           Parliament
           .
        
         
         
           18.
           
           ANY
           Act
           or
           Order
           of
           Parliament
           that
           is
           Ratifyed
           in
           Open
           Parliament
           ,
           during
           the
           same
           Session
           ,
           by
           the
           Governor
           and
           Three
           more
           of
           the
           Lords
           Proprietors
           Deputies
           ,
           shall
           be
           in
           Force
           ,
           and
           continue
           till
           the
           Palatine
           himself
           and
           Three
           more
           of
           the
           Lords
           Proprietors
           themselves
           signifie
           their
           Dissent
           to
           any
           of
           the
           said
           Acts
           or
           Orders
           ,
           under
           their
           Hands
           and
           Seals
           .
           But
           if
           Ratified
           under
           their
           Hands
           and
           Seals
           ,
           then
           to
           continue
           according
           to
           the
           time
           limited
           in
           such
           Act.
           
        
         
           19.
           
           THE
           whole
           Province
           shall
           be
           divided
           into
           Counties
           by
           the
           Parliament
           .
        
         
           20.
           
           NO
           Proprietor
           ,
           Landgrave
           or
           Cassique
           ,
           shall
           hereafter
           take
           up
           a
           Signory
           or
           Barony
           that
           shall
           exceed
           Four
           Thousand
           Acres
           or
           thereabouts
           for
           a
           Proprietor
           or
           Landgrave
           ;
           and
           Two
           Thousand
           Acres
           or
           thereabouts
           ,
           for
           a
           Cassique
           in
           one
           County
           .
        
         
           21.
           
           NO
           Cause
           ,
           whether
           Civil
           or
           Criminal
           ,
           of
           any
           Freeman
           ,
           shall
           be
           tryed
           in
           any
           Court
           of
           Judicature
           ,
           without
           a
           Jury
           of
           his
           Peers
           .
        
         
           22.
           
           NO
           Landgrave
           or
           Cassique
           shall
           be
           tryed
           for
           any
           Criminal
           Cause
           in
           any
           but
           the
           Chief
           Justices
           Court
           ,
           and
           that
           by
           a
           Jury
           of
           his
           Peers
           ,
           unless
           a
           sufficient
           Number
           of
           such
           cannot
           be
           legally
           had
           ,
           and
           then
           to
           be
           supplyed
           by
           the
           best
           and
           most
           sufficient
           Free-holders
           .
        
         
           23.
           
           IF
           upon
           the
           Decease
           of
           the
           Governor
           ,
           no
           Person
           be
           appointed
           by
           the
           Lords
           Proprietors
           to
           succeed
           him
           ,
           then
           the
           Proprietor's
           Deputies
           shall
           meet
           and
           choose
           a
           Governor
           ,
           till
           a
           new
           Commission
           be
           sent
           from
           the
           Lords
           Proprietors
           ,
           under
           their
           Hands
           and
           Seals
           .
        
         
           24.
           
           BALLOTTING
           shall
           be
           continued
           in
           all
           Elections
           of
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           other
           Cases
           where
           it
           can
           conveniently
           be
           used
           .
        
         
           25.
           
           NO
           Man
           shall
           be
           permitted
           to
           be
           a
           Freeman
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           or
           to
           have
           any
           Estate
           or
           Habitation
           within
           it
           ,
           that
           does
           not
           acknowledge
           a
           GOD
           ,
           and
           that
           GOD
           is
           publickly
           and
           solemnly
           to
           be
           Worshipped
           .
        
         
           26.
           
           AS
           the
           Country
           comes
           to
           be
           sufficiently
           planted
           and
           distributed
           into
           fit
           Divisions
           ,
           it
           shall
           belong
           to
           the
           Parliament
           to
           take
           care
           for
           the
           Building
           of
           Churches
           ,
           and
           the
           publick
           Maintenance
           of
           Divines
           to
           be
           employed
           in
           the
           Exercise
           of
           Religion
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           which
           being
           the
           only
           True
           and
           Orthodox
           ,
           and
           the
           National
           Religion
           of
           the
           King's
           Dominions
           ,
           is
           so
           also
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           and
           therefore
           it
           alone
           shall
           be
           allowed
           to
           receive
           publick
           Maintenance
           by
           Grant
           of
           Parliament
           .
        
         
           27.
           
           ANY
           seven
           or
           more
           Persons
           agreeing
           in
           any
           Religion
           ,
           shall
           constitute
           a
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           to
           which
           they
           shall
           give
           some
           Name
           to
           distinguish
           it
           from
           others
           .
        
         
           28.
           
           THE
           Terms
           of
           Admittance
           and
           Communion
           with
           any
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           shall
           be
           written
           in
           a
           Book
           ,
           and
           therein
           be
           subscribed
           by
           
           all
           the
           Members
           of
           the
           said
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           which
           shall
           be
           kept
           by
           the
           publick
           Register
           of
           the
           Precinct
           wherein
           they
           reside
           .
        
         
           29.
           
           THE
           Time
           of
           every
           one's
           Subscription
           and
           Admittance
           ,
           shall
           be
           dated
           in
           the
           said
           Book
           of
           Religious
           Records
           .
        
         
           30.
           
           IN
           the
           Terms
           of
           Communion
           of
           every
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           these
           following
           shall
           be
           three
           ,
           without
           which
           no
           Agreement
           or
           Assembly
           of
           Men
           upon
           Pretence
           of
           Religion
           shall
           be
           accounted
           a
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           within
           these
           Rules
           :
           
             
               I.
               
                 That
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 GOD.
              
               
            
             
               II.
               
                 That
                 GOD
                 is
                 publickly
                 to
                 be
                 Worshipped
                 .
              
            
             
               III.
               
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 lawful
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Duty
                 of
                 every
                 Man
                 ,
                 being
                 thereunto
                 called
                 by
                 those
                 that
                 govern
                 ,
                 to
                 bear
                 Witness
                 to
                 Truth
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 every
                 Church
                 or
                 Profession
                 shall
                 in
                 their
                 Terms
                 of
                 Communion
                 set
                 down
                 the
                 external
                 Way
                 whereby
                 they
                 witness
                 a
                 Truth
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Presence
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 by
                 Laying
                 Hands
                 on
                 ,
                 or
                 Kissing
                 the
                 Bible
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Church
                 of
              
               England
               ,
               
                 or
                 by
                 holding
                 up
                 the
                 Hand
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 sensible
                 way
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           31.
           
           NO
           Person
           above
           Seventeen
           Years
           of
           Age
           ,
           shall
           have
           any
           Benefit
           or
           Protection
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           or
           be
           capable
           of
           any
           Place
           of
           Profit
           or
           Honour
           ,
           who
           is
           not
           a
           Member
           of
           some
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           having
           his
           Name
           recorded
           in
           some
           one
           ,
           and
           but
           one
           Religious
           Record
           at
           once
           .
        
         
           32.
           
           NO
           Person
           of
           any
           Church
           or
           Profession
           shall
           disturb
           or
           molest
           any
           Religious
           Assembly
           .
        
         
           33.
           
           NO
           Person
           whatsoever
           shall
           speak
           any
           thing
           in
           their
           Religious
           Assembly
           ,
           irreverently
           or
           seditiously
           of
           the
           Government
           or
           Governour
           ,
           or
           of
           State-Matters
           .
        
         
           34.
           
           ANY
           Person
           subscribing
           the
           Terms
           of
           Communion
           in
           the
           Records
           of
           the
           said
           Church
           or
           Profession
           before
           the
           
             Precinct
             Register
          
           ,
           and
           any
           Five
           Members
           of
           the
           said
           Church
           or
           Profession
           ,
           shall
           be
           thereby
           made
           a
           Member
           of
           the
           said
           Church
           or
           Profession
           .
        
         
           35.
           
           ANY
           Person
           striking
           out
           his
           own
           Name
           out
           of
           any
           Religious
           Records
           ,
           or
           his
           Name
           being
           struck
           out
           by
           any
           Officer
           thereunto
           Authorized
           by
           each
           Church
           or
           Profession
           respectively
           ,
           shall
           cease
           to
           be
           a
           Member
           of
           that
           Church
           or
           Profession
           .
        
         
         
           36.
           
           NO
           Man
           shall
           use
           any
           reproachful
           ,
           reviling
           or
           abusive
           Language
           against
           the
           Religion
           of
           any
           Church
           of
           Profession
           ,
           that
           being
           the
           certain
           Way
           of
           disturbing
           the
           Peace
           ,
           and
           of
           hindering
           the
           Conversion
           of
           any
           to
           the
           Truth
           ,
           by
           engaging
           them
           in
           Quarrels
           ,
           and
           Animosities
           ,
           to
           the
           Hatred
           of
           the
           Professors
           and
           that
           Profession
           ,
           which
           otherwise
           they
           may
           be
           brought
           to
           assent
           to
           .
        
         
           37.
           
           SINCE
           Charity
           obliges
           us
           to
           wish
           well
           to
           the
           Souls
           of
           all
           Men
           ,
           and
           Religion
           ought
           to
           alter
           nothing
           in
           any
           Man
           's
           Civil
           Estate
           or
           Right
           ,
           It
           shall
           be
           lawful
           for
           Slaves
           as
           well
           as
           others
           ,
           to
           enter
           themselves
           ,
           and
           be
           of
           what
           Church
           or
           Profession
           any
           of
           them
           shall
           think
           best
           ,
           and
           thereof
           be
           as
           fully
           Members
           as
           any
           Freeman
           ;
           but
           yet
           no
           Slave
           shall
           hereby
           be
           exempted
           from
           that
           Civil
           Dominion
           his
           Master
           had
           over
           him
           ,
           but
           be
           in
           all
           other
           Things
           in
           the
           same
           State
           and
           Condition
           he
           was
           in
           before
           .
        
         
           38.
           
           ASSEMBLYS
           upon
           what
           Pretence
           soever
           of
           Religion
           ,
           not
           observing
           and
           performing
           the
           abovesaid
           Rules
           ,
           shall
           not
           be
           esteemed
           as
           Churches
           ,
           but
           Unlawful
           Meetings
           ,
           and
           be
           punished
           as
           other
           Riots
           .
        
         
           39.
           
           NO
           Person
           whatsoever
           shall
           disturb
           ,
           molest
           or
           prosecute
           another
           for
           his
           Speculative
           Opinions
           in
           Religion
           ,
           or
           his
           way
           of
           Worship
           .
        
         
           40.
           
           EVERY
           Freeman
           of
           Carolina
           shall
           have
           Absolute
           Power
           and
           Authority
           over
           his
           Negro
           Slave
           ,
           of
           what
           Opinion
           or
           Religion
           soever
           .
        
         
           41.
           
           ANY
           Person
           at
           his
           Admittance
           into
           any
           Office
           or
           Place
           of
           Trust
           whatsoever
           ,
           shall
           subscribe
           these
           
             Fundamental
             Constitutions
          
           in
           this
           Form
           :
           
             I
             
               A.
               B.
            
             do
             promise
             to
             bear
             Faith
             and
             true
             Allegiance
             to
             our
             Soveraign
             Lord
             King
             WILLIAM
             ,
             and
             will
             be
             true
             and
             faithful
             to
             the
             Palatine
             and
             
               Lords
               Proprietors
            
             of
             Carolina
             ,
             their
             Heirs
             and
             Successors
             ,
             and
             with
             my
             utmost
             Power
             will
             defend
             them
             ,
             and
             maintain
             the
             Government
             according
             to
             this
             Establishment
             ,
             in
             these
             
               Fundamental
               Constitutions
            
             .
          
        
         
         
           THESE
           
             Fundamental
             Constitutions
          
           in
           Number
           Forty
           One
           ,
           and
           every
           Part
           thereof
           shall
           be
           and
           remain
           the
           Inviolable
           Form
           and
           Rule
           of
           Government
           of
           Carolina
           ,
           for
           Ever
           .
           Witness
           our
           Hands
           and
           Seals
           ,
           this
           Eleventh
           Day
           of
           April
           ,
           1698.
           
        
         
           
             
               
                 BATH
                 PALATINE
                 .
              
               
                 A.
                 Ashley
                 .
              
               
                 CRAVEN
                 .
              
               
                 BATH
                 
                   for
                   the
                   Lord
                
                 Carterett
                 .
              
               
                 William
                 Thornburgh
                 
                   for
                   Sir
                
                 John
                 Colleton
                 .
              
               
                 Tho.
                 Amy.
                 
              
               
                 William
                 Thornburgh
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .