Tobacco tortured, or, The filthie fume of tobacco refined shewing all sorts of subiects, that the inward taking of tobacco fumes, is very pernicious vnto their bodies; too too profluuious for many of their purses; and most pestiferous to the publike state. Exemplified apparently by most fearefull effects: more especially, from their treacherous proiects about the Gun-powder Treason; from their rebellious attempts of late, about their preposterous disparking of certaine inclosures: as also, from sundry other their prodigious practices. ... Deacon, John, 17th cent. 1616 Approx. 500 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 116 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A19997 STC 6436 ESTC S109436 99845083 99845083 9959 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A19997) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 9959) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 986:03) Tobacco tortured, or, The filthie fume of tobacco refined shewing all sorts of subiects, that the inward taking of tobacco fumes, is very pernicious vnto their bodies; too too profluuious for many of their purses; and most pestiferous to the publike state. Exemplified apparently by most fearefull effects: more especially, from their treacherous proiects about the Gun-powder Treason; from their rebellious attempts of late, about their preposterous disparking of certaine inclosures: as also, from sundry other their prodigious practices. ... Deacon, John, 17th cent. [28], 194, [6] p. Printed by Richard Field dwelling in Great Woodstreete, London : 1616. Dedication signed "Iohn Deacon". The author's name also appears in monograms on the title page and on p. 194. In two dialogues. The last leaf is blank. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Tobacco -- Early works to 1800. Smoking -- Early works to 1800. 2003-10 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2003-12 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-01 Olivia Bottum Sampled and proofread 2004-01 Olivia Bottum Text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion TOBACCO TORTVRED , OR , THE FILTHIE FVME OF TOBACCO REFINED : Shewing all sorts of Subiects , that the inward taking of Tobacco fumes , is very pernicious vnto their bodies ; too too profluuious for many of their purses ; and most pestiferous to the publike State. Exemplified apparently by most fearefull effects : More especially , from their treacherous proiects about the Gun-powder Treason ; From their rebellious attempts of late , about their preposterous disparking of certaine Inclosures : as also , from sundry other their prodigious practises . Prov. 27.9 . If sweete oyntments and perfumes do vndoubtedly reioyce the heart of a man : then surely , all noysome sauours , and poysonsome smels ( such as is the filthie fume of Tobacco ) inwardly taken , must necessarily disquiet , and driue the same into a dangerous condition . Dignitatis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Deus . LONDON , Printed by RICHARD FIELD dwelling in Great Woodstreete . 1616. TO THE MOST POTENT , LEARNED , AND RELIGIOVS PRINCE , IAMES ( by the grace of God ) King of great Brittaine , France and Ireland , &c. be multiplied the abundance of spirituall sinceritie , of earthly prosperitie , and of eternall felicitie in Iesus Christ , Amen . RENOWMED SOVERAIGNE , THe Almightie Iehouah ( being in very deed ) the God of a order , hath created all things in so excellent and absolute an order , respecting b number , weight , and measure , as no one man liuing on earth may iustly challenge any one of his works , for being ( in any their seuerall orders ) the one either c better , or worse then another : if we exactly consider the exquisite order obserued among any his different operations in heauen , or in earth . For if we first consider what an absolute order he hath obserued in any the superior creatures ( more especially in the firmament it selfe , with other the Celestiall orbes ) we may find the same ( by Mathematicall demonstrations ) made apparently manifest to vs. Then next , if we obserue ( in like sort ) the like most admirable , and absolute order among all other the inferiour creatures ( more especially in Man whom he hath purposely made a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , I meane , an abstract epitome , or a liuely represent of all the rest ( as by Physicall obseruations and sundry Methodicall proportions may be made apparent vnto vs ) I doubt not at all but that the truth of this point will more plainly appeare then the Sun-shine at mid-day : so as the simplest on earth may soundly conceiue the same in that one speciall creature , if ( besides his admirable creation ) they will likewise consider how the vniuersall societies of mankind here on earth , are ( by the Almightie his most absolute wisedome ) very proportionably reduced into a fourefold corporall condition . Namely , first into a meere naturall bodie : ● meane a corporall substance consisting ioyntly in an healthfull estate of sundry particular members sympathically combined in one . Then next , into an Oeconomicall bodie , I meane a domesticall , or well ordered houshold condition proportionably plotted together . Then next , into a meere Polititicall bodie , I meane the publike estate of kingdomes , and countries collaterally compact in one mutuall consort . And then fourthly , into an Ecclesiasticall bodie : I meane , into that holy and blessed communion of Saints which religiously consisteth vpon the mutuall and ioynt societie of a Nationall Church , disciplinated and gouerned in a most solemne and sanctified order . As this fourefold order of bodies doth comprehend , and vphold to the full , the seuerall conditions of men here on earth : so surely , the second and the last of these foure seuerall estates I do purposely pretermit for the present , as hauing heretofore in d some part , and also intending hereafter ( if God say amen ) to bend my cogitations more fully that way . hang downe the head , but all the other states else ( by a common consent ) they do collaterally become very crazie and weake , concerning any the dutifull discharge of their peculiar designements . As for example , the said stomacke it selfe , namely , the poore husbandmen , they are fearefully subiected to an intollerable feeblenesse concerning the timely performance of any their appointed functions ; to offensiue yelkings , and vomitings forth of sundrie discontentments against the whole State ; to an immoderate thirsting after other mens places ; to many most bitter heart-burnings , gripings , and gnawings ; to sodaine , and vnappeaseable inflammations of furie ; to an vtter loathing of their appointed ordinary labours ; to a dog-like appetite after other mens profites ; to an insatiable hunger concerning the speedie supply of their sundrie vnsufferable wants ; to a very bad digestion touching their present oppressions ; to many windie sufflations , and proud puffings vp ; to angrie belchings , to cholericke passions , to an vnnaturall fluxe of the purse , by meanes of too many their immoderate and superfluous dispendings ; to inward heart-gripings ; with sundry such other like fearefull occurrents as do finally disable their persons from the orderly collecting , and proportionable dispersing of publike maintenance to any one of the other estates in that selfe same Politicall body . Yea , and not onely the said stomacke it selfe ( I meane the poore husbandmen , ) but all other estates besides are likewise ( by a common consent as it were ) collaterally subiected to sundry most dangerous distempers : whether we consider the superiour , or any the inferiour parts of that Politicall body . For first , ( concerning the superiour parts ) who may not easily see and perceiue how the head it selfe will forthwith begin to be fearefully tainted with capitall paines about the disordered State ; with want of due rest , by reason of sundry occurring cares ; with idle vertigoes , and many terrible turne-about thoughts ; with sundrie implacable furies , with most secure and fearefull Lethargies , dreames , and drowsie securities ; with crasinesse of memorie concerning their duties to God and man ; yea , and ( which more is ) with such sodaine congealed Catalepsies , violent conuulsions , and spi●ituall benummings , as if all conscionable sense and mouing ( in and about their designed imployments ) were vtterly lost , or quite forgot , at the least . And then next , for the Shoulders and Armes ( the Nobilitie , and Gentrie I meane ) who may not likewise perceiue , how that ( when the poore husband-mans state , which did vsually aford their Politicall maintenance , beginneth to fag ) they do eftsoones begin to fall forthwith into fearefull Apoplexies , I meane , to an vtter decay of all spirituall mouing and sense ; into quaking Palsies and trembling of heart , vpon euery crossing occurrent ; into dangerous Epilepsies , and deadly downefallings to euill ; into violent Conuulsions , with a sodaine shrinking vp of the sinewes of loue ; into fearefull oppressing Ephialteis , and intollerable burdens of sinne , each houre surcharging their sorrowfull soules ; into choking Squinancies , I meane , a mercilesse throatling of all their Inferiours ; into sundrie most deadly Pleurisies , through the abundant spilling of innocent bloud ; into many quarkening Peripneumonies , and suffocating Ptisickes , I meane , into a difficult breathing forth of any gracious decrees concerning the present good of the poore ; yea and ( which more is ) into very many such impostumating Empiemaes , and most fearefull exulcerations of conscience ( with other outragious enormities ) as bring an vtter consumption and waste to the whole Politicall bodie . And as the superiour , so likewise the inferiour members of that selfe same Politicall bodie , feeling once a defect in the stomacke ( I meane in the poore husbandmans state ) they do eftsoones decline to an vnnaturall weakenesse and distemperature of the Liuer and Splene ( I meane , to a fearefull decay of Christian loue , for the timely discharge of any their Christian duties ; to sundrie inflammations , obstructions , coldnesse , and hardnesse of heart against the whole State ; to most filthie deforming Iaundeis , through an vnnaturall dispersing of cholericke pangs , and melancholicke passions ouer all the Politicall bodie ; to many most languishing Cachexies , I meane , to an inordinate consuming and wasting of politicke nutriment , by reason of some euill disposition in their proper estates ; to such dangerous Dropsies , and disordered cariages , as do either procure a dissolute loosenesse throughout their peculiar societies , or an vnnaturall swelling at least , against the peaceable , and prosperous state of the whole Politicall bodie ; to deadly Stranguries , and dangerous difficulties about the timely dispatch of their publike designements ; to deadly benumming Sciaticaes , and griefes in the huckle-bones , so oft as they are to vndergo the obsequious dispatch of their seuerall duties ; yea and ( which more is ) into many preposterous Podagraes , and intollerable paine in their feete and ioynts , so oft especially as they are made to support and beare vp the necessarie burdens belonging to that Politicall body whereof they are made the vnited members . So as your most excellent Highnesse may here againe be pleased to perceiue very plainly , that ( by the onely distempers of the stomacke it selfe in either of both these bodies ) the whole bodies of both are most fearefully brought into such a languishing condition and state , as neither those stomackes themselues , nor the head , nor the shoulders , nor the armes , neither yet the legs , nor the feete are sufficiently able to dispatch their proper designements : by ●eanes whereof , euen those selfe same bodies ( with all their seuerall parts ) must needs remaine in a languishing state . And therefore , as the good estate of the stomacke it selfe must be carefully continued , especially , if we desire to vphold the happie condition of the whole bodie it selfe : so surely I do verily suppose there may no better meanes be deuised about that good estate of the stomacke , then to become very carefull first , for the ordinary supply of whatsoeuer good meanes may be helpefull vnto it : and then next , for the powerfull and speedie suppressing of whatsoeuer occurrent may be hurtfull vnto it in any respect . Now then , these foure succeeding faculties are especially helpefull to the good estate of the stomacke it selfe , if they be rightly had , and ioyntly continued : Namely , Appetite , Retention , Digestion , with an orderly Distribution . For sith it is the proper office of euery particular stomacke , very orderly to concoct the whole sustenance receiued therein , that so , the said sustenance may forthwith become good naturall nutriment for the whole bodie it selfe : who seeth not therefore but that ( in the stomacke ) there must first be procured an able and absolute appetite towards that the former receiued sustenance ? And because it is to very small purpose though the forenamed Appetite be singular good , vnlesse the Retentiue facultie be also euery way fitted for the firme retaining , and orderly holding of whatsoeuer solide sustenance so soundly affected before : who seeth not now , but that secondly a sound Retention must necessarily be wrought in that selfe same stomacke ? And because the Appetite , and Retention both , will very little auaile to the good estate of the stomacke , vnlesse the said stomacke be throughly able withall , most soundly to digest whatsoeuer good sustenance so orderly affected , and so firmely retained before : who seeth not therefore , but that a very strong and absolute Digestion must thirdly be kindled , and firmely continued in that selfe same stomacke ? And because both Appetite , Retention , and Digestion also , are to very small purpose for the good estate of the stomacke , vnlesse the said sustenance so affected , so retained , and so digested , be likewise as proportionably dispersed throughout the whole bodie for naturall nutriment to the seuerall members thereof : therefore , who seeth not fourthly , but that the said stomacke it selfe must be aptly disposed towards the proportionable Distribution of that selfe same concocted nutriment to each seuerall part of the whole body it selfe ? Now then , all those the forenamed faculties so fitly and so proportionably concurring together about the orderly accomplishment of that the receiued nutriment , this stomacke it selfe may not properly be said to feele any want at all , for the timely dispatch of it owne imployments about any his designed functions . These fourefold faculties must ( in like manner ) all ioyntly concurre about the happie and prosperous estate of those our Politicall stomackes : if especially , we would haue them profitably imployed in the orderly collecting , and frugall disposing of publike maintenance , for the conuenient supportation of the whole Politicall body , in all and singular the seuerall parts thereof . And therefore , a principall care concerning the poore husbandmens happie condition , must first be made knowne to the world , by an orderly procuring of good Appetites in euery of them towards their seuerall husbandries : that so , they may chearefully , comfortably , and profitably both affect , and effect the fruitfull managing thereof in euery respect . Whereby it is apparently euident , that those their said Appetites must not be killed by vnreasonable Fines , by excessiue Rents , by ouer heauie Impositions , or any such other importable burdens . And then next , there must likewise be cherished in euery of them , a powerfull Retention , an enabled facultie ( I meane ) to retaine , vphold , and continue their seuerall husbandries , for those the former publike respects . So as therefore , a like prouident care must be further had , that by no meanes they may be discouraged from their said husbandries by any mercilesse , vncharitable , or cut-throate dealings : neither yet compelled ( by any causlesse , and cruell oppressions ) to cassier themselues from their former callings , and so ( in a malcontentednesse ) forthwith to cast their ploughs in the ditch . And then thirdly , they must yet further be furthered this way , by a strong & speedie Digestion , with such warme and cherishing comforts ( I meane ) as may enable them all to the orderly maintaining , the husbandly managing , and the wholsome digesting of those their said husbandries for publike good . And lastly , there must very carefully be wrought in euery of them ( by the ministeriall operation of the word and praier ) a sympathicall disposition , in and about the timely Distribution of that their former collected maintenance , for the publike good of the Prince , the Peares , the Nobles , the Gentrie , the whole Communaltie , and euery particular member of that selfe same Politicall bodie . These things accordingly effected , who seeth not now , but that the naturall and Politicall stomacks both , are sufficiently furnished with whatsoeuer supplies may any way be helpefull to either of them both for publike good ? And not onely things helpefull must so be supplied , but things hurtfull likewise must forthwith be suppressed , for feare of enfeebling or weakening the forenamed faculties . But there may not any thing be possibly found more hurtfull to the happie estate of those the forenamed stomacks , then superfluous excesse , or pining wants . For , as by superfluous excesse , the good ●state of those the said stomacks is fearefully ouerwhelmed and tumbled headlong into most dangerous surfeits and deadly distempers : so surely , by oppressing and pining wants , they are fearefully enfeebled , and finally disabled from the timely performance of their proper designements for publike good . First therefore ( for the timely suppressing of whatsoeuer superfluous excesse annoying the healthfull estate of both these stomacks ) a prouident care must forthwith be had , that not onely all carowsing and quaffing , all gulling and gormandizing , all excessiue and riotous banquetting : but also that all superfluous buildings , all needlesse braueries , all extrauagant sports , and all other profluuious dispendings be heedfully auoyded in euery state , more especially in those the forenamed stomacks themselues . For these onely respects , I haue here euen purposely ( although yet synecdochically ) censured all those the former most foule and shamefull disorders vnder the onely name of Tobacco fumes ; putting downe a part for the whole : and naming that one vice especially , as a most liuely represent of those other the smokelike vanishing vapours ; and as the very principall annoyance to both the stomacks : and so consequently to the flourishing estate of the naturall , and Politicall bodies themselues . And not onely all such superfluous excesse , but ( which more is by much ) all those oppressing and pining wants whatsoeuer , which may ( in any sort ) surprize the good estate of those stomacks , must forthwith be warily suppressed . Namely , the want of competent tillage for corne ; the want of conuenient pasturing for beeues , for oxen , for milch-kine , for sheepe , with such other conuenient meanes to manure , mannage , enable , and strengthen their seuerall tillages and pasture grounds , for such a conuenient increase as may fully suffice from time to time , about the necessarie supportation of their owne , and the publike good . The want ( in like manner ) of politicke , of peaceable , and publike good orders , about the orderly and quiet collecting of such singular blessings as the Lord ( in much mercie ) bestoweth vpon any their ordinarie labours for publike good , must be heedfully respected and timely redressed by publike authoritie . So as your excellent Highnesse may herein againe be pleased to see the great conueniencie of all those good penall statutes ( were they but carefully executed ) which do necessarily concerne the orderly vpholding of husbandrie in it owne proper nature , or do purposely tend to the timely suppressing of whatsoeuer riots , routs , and vnlawfull assemblies that might respectiuely ouerlay the poore husbandmens labours , and peaceable proiects concerning any their peculiar professions for publike good . In consideration whereof , I haue here purposely , and largely laid open the vrgent necessitie for the timely suppressing of that late disordered and vnlawfull attempt of lawlesse persons , in and about the vnorderly and tumultuous disparking of pastures and seuerall grounds , vnder an idle pretence of the necessarie ( though needlesse ) augmentation of tillage : demonstrating most plainly , that their falsely supposed defect of tillage is no such an oppressing want , as doth presently hurt the poore husbandmans happy estate ( all other things else proportionably and euenly respected : ) and that therefore there needed no such disordered and headie attempts , for the timely supply of that their falsly supposed want . Hauing hitherto anatomized the whole purport of this my purposed proiect for publike good , I am now , not vnwilling the same should be soundly peized with those the approued weights of the Sanctuary which will not deceiue . Especially , if our learned Physitions be made the indifferent cyzers and censurers concerning all Physicall questions : as also , if those our experimented Politicians and Politicke States-men may become the prouident weigh-masters of what points soeuer appertaining to matters of policie . More respectiuely ( most dread Soueraigne ) I do here very freely , and submissiuely put ouer the whole to your Maiesties approued consideration and view , as vnto the most competent Iudge of publike regard ; very humbly intreating your excellent Highnesse , that ( from out of your long experimented Physicall skill ) you would first of all be pleased , very soundly to censure that former part of this present Discourse , which more especially concernes those exceeding great hurts that do vnperceiueably surprise the bodies of men , by meanes of their inward taking of Tobacco fumes . And then next ( with no lesse humble submission ) I humbly intreate , that your vnmatchable wisedome for publike good , would likewise be pleased ( from out of your long setled iudgement , and experimented practise about the orderly suppressing of whatsoeuer shamefull disorders adiudged pestiferous to the publike good of our countrey ) to priuiledge with the approued stampe of your authenticall approbation , that other part of this present Discourse , which more respectiuely relateth the purses profluuitie about the superfluous charges of filthie Tobacco fumes , and the pestiferous poysoning of the long setled peace of our publike State : so farre forth especially , as the truth it selfe , and present occasions do instantly craue from time to time . Very submissiuely intreating moreouer , that the whole Treatise it selfe may find at your Maiesties hands , that fauourable entertainment which your gracious wisedome shall thinke good to grace it withall : and thereupon also , may publikely and boldly march vnder the martiall ensigne of your kingly care for publike good , against all the fiery encounters of whatsoeuer fuming Tobacconists . So shall the almightie Iehouah his absolute wisedome be e freely iustified of all her children ; so shall your kingly reputation be iustly eternized among all posterities ; so shall the publike State of our countrey be much more bettered , and more soundly conserued in a solide condition ; so shall the almightie Law-maker be more largely magnified for his manifold mercies bestowed among vs ; so shall the poore husbandmens hearts ( as it were with kingly cordials ) be forthwith reuiued ; so shall our disordered Tobacconists be presently daunted , and for euer hereafter discouraged : yea and so shall my poore selfe be more securely protected from whatsoeuer the fierie f strokes of venimous tongues , to my better emboldning , and further encouragement in such other like future attempts for publike good . And euen so , I most humbly surceasse my purposed suite for the present good of our publike State : beseeching the almightie Iehouah to blesse your excellent Highnesse in bodie and soule , and to enrich you in both with a principall spirit , correspondent to your Princely place ; to the publike good of our countrey , and your owne euerlasting comfort in Iesus Christ. Euen so Lord Iesus , Amen . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Your Maiesties most humble , and most dutifull Subiect , IOHN DEACON . TO THE CHRISTIAN READER , grace in Christ , with an holy discerning spirit . So be it . GEntle Reader , if thou wilt more seriously bend thy best thoughts awhile towards some serious consideration concerning thine accustomed inward taking of filthie Tobacco fumes , it may be thy good hap ( by the merciful goodnesse of our gracious God ) to haue thereby thy fantasticall mind enlightened about a foule foggie error ; thy crazie corps disburdened of many pestiferous humours , and thy prodigall purse more might●ly priuiledged from those sundry proflunious expences , wherewith ( by tampering too boldly with filthie Tobacco fumes , as also , by conuersing too commonly with carousing companions , and other like chargeable courses attending hourely thereon ) the same hath eftsoones bene shrewdly surprised , and ( in a manner ) most clearely euacuated . The true and timely apprehension of these three such precious and present auailes , succeeding these Paganish and heathenish practises , may make thee in time ( by the great goodnesse of God ) to veile thy bonnet for publike good : and herein withall , to become forthwith a Merchant Venturer , by aduenturing boldly vpon the seasonable venting forth of this late inuention , for the publike aduantage of whatsoeuer our trifling Tobacconists ; vnlesse haply , those their vapouring euacuations ( very chymically extracted from the fennish fumes of their filthie Tobacco ) haue now too too fearefully ouerwhelmed their blindfold braines with such foggie forestalling mists , as do dangerously suppresse the senses themselues , and too too sottishly surprise the sway of sound reason . Although notwithstanding , I am in no doubt at all , but that thou thine owne selfe ( hauing once in an approued experience , very sensibly apprehended the exceeding great efficacy of this present Discourse for publike good ) wilt forthwith hold for an infallible Axiome , that a A publike good , the more common it is , the better it is . And thereupon , as my selfe haue eftsoones bene moued by others , and now resolued in my selfe , to communicate these my priuate thoughts to each particular person for publike good : so thou thine owne selfe , and all the rest of that reasonable sort ( participating all ioyntly together with the publike profite thereof , ) will all ioyntly together extoll the infallible wisdome of that onely approued Physition for bodie and soule , who hath euery way made vs so sufficiently and so Christianly wise concerning the vndoubted safetie of body and soule : and therewithall , will ioyntly and heartily pray for the healthfull preseruation of such , and so many as seeke ( by any their sacred skils ) to cause euery of vs so foundly to conceiue ( though somewhat too late ) the vnsoundnesse of al those the vnsound and sottish conceipts which haue hitherto haled men headlong an end , to the vntimely taking of filthie Tobacco fumes . If thy mind be still in a mammering doubt ▪ whether the venimous condition of these poysonsome fumes be so pestiferous as this present Discourse doth seeme to purport , then turne thy present thoughts ( I pray thee ) towards the vntimely deaths of sundry such excellent personages as ( tampering too much therewith ) haue ( euen now of late ) not onely bene sodainly surprised by an vnnaturall death , but ( which more is ) their dead bodies being opened , had all their entrails as blacke as a coale , and the very fat in their bodies resembling ( in all outward appearance ) the perfect colour of rustie , or reesed bacon : whose names notwithstanding , I do here purposely conceale , for the very reuerence it selfe which I formerly bare to their persons and places . If notwithstanding all this , thou wilt not ( as yet ) bee brought vnto a present dislike of those the said fumes themselues , then turne thy serious and timely considerations to those fearefull effects , which ( not long since ) afforded their vntimely and terrible attendance towards those our disordered and turbulent Tobacconists of former times . Who ( for very loue of their Tobacco trafficke , and other disordered courses ) neither spared their persons , nor purses , but wilfully spoyled and consumed them both : to the manifest wronging of many other besides , the publike contempt of good positiues lawes , the wilfull breach of his Maiesties peace , the rebellious resisting of his martiall power , with the fearefull spilling of their owne , and other mens bloud . Let no partiall affections ( good Christian Reader ) so far forth miscarrie , nor so violently inueagle thine vnsetled and wauering mind , as that thou shouldest once dare to applaud the disordered courses , and intemperate actions of any such barbarous Cannibals as do causelesly conspire , and preposterously pretend to bring in a confused paritie throughout the whole State. With very base and most beastly degenerate minds are those monstrous Minotaures bewitched , no doubt , who may ( by no meanes ) be brought to endure , or to broke the renowmed estates of the Nobilitie , or Gentrie in any their countrey coasts : neither yet to like long of any his Maiesties fauourites , whom the Almightie himselfe ( for the raritie of sundrie their singular vertues ) aduanceth to a timely honour . Howbeit , very true is the saying it selfe , and the truth thereof made too too apparent in such disordered persons : namely , that b Dishonestie it selfe is a thing euen vtterly destitute of all sense and reason . Well ( whatsoeuer may be the successe with some others ) I doubt not at all , but that these my poore labours for publike good , will ( from henceforth ) make me as deepely interessed in some other mens labours of like interchangeable trafficke : more especially , of those well minded persons who now begin to perceiue what present profite may eftsoones arise from this my lately erected new Mart for publike good . On the other side , if any idle , or odly conceited companions ( at the vnexpected pitching vp of these my approued boothstakes for publike good ) do ouer pecuishly fall into sustian fumes , because these their filthie Tobacco fumes are thus sodainly enforced to render a most filthie redolent smell in the very nostrils of such & so many as are but competently furnished with a sound and setled iudgment : yet vndoubtedly , the integritie and vprightnesse of mine honest plaine heart herein , will be sufficiently able ( I hope ) to mannage most stoutly mine authenticall intent for publike good , against all the fierie thunder-cracks of those our fuming Tobacconists , whose trifling courses do nothing else but breede the publike bane of our peace and prosperitie . And howsoeuer some malcontented Tobacconists , ( of a very malicious spite ) may couertly endeauour to kindle their fierie tongues ( as it were with c Iuniper coales ) against either my person , or published Treatise , I doubt not yet , but as the integritie of mine honest intent for publike good , may sufficiently shelter my person for dealing herein : so am I strongly perswaded , that , that selfe same publike authoritie which so frankly affordeth free passage ( with priuiledge ) to this my published Discourse for like publike good , at the very first sparkling forth of those our Tobacconists fire-flashes ( how fierce , and how flaming soeuer ) will be authentically able , either to cause their turbulent rage to recoyle forthwith vpon their owne pates ; or to besmeare their persons at least , with that odde satyricall Adage which termeth those our testie Tobacconists d Thericleiou philos , that is in English , A fantasticall fauourite and follower of cup-companions . Howsoeuer , the better sort ( I am sure ) will readily entertaine my good meaning herein , with that honest affection and Christian mind which is euermore accustomed to construe such a subiect as this , in the best and honestest sense : and therefore ( leauing the successe whatsoeuer to the orderly disposing of the onely wise God ) I will now shew thee forthwith my whole purpose and order herein . First , I haue propounded ( as thou seest ) the whole in Dialogue manner , for the plainer demonstration of the matter it selfe , making Capnistus , and Hydrophorus the onely speakers therein . The first ( that is Capnistus , signifying a fierie perfumed fellow ) resembleth our smokie and fumish Tobacconists : the other ( Hydrophorus I meane , betokening a water-bearer ) correspondently represents all such sound hearted subiects as are very well able ( by the sway of sound reason , as it were with cold water ) to quench the intemperate fierie flames of all our fuming Tobacconists . Hauing thus acquainted thee with my whole purpose and order herein , let vs now forthwith proceede to the orderly prosecution thereof . Beseeching the almightie Iehouah to bestow that blessing vpon it , which may tend to the euerlasting glory of his most glorious name ; the good of our Church and the common wealth ; and our owne eternall comforts in Iesus Christ : So be it , euen so , Amen . Dignitatis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Deus . Thine in the Lord , and the Lord his vnworthiest on earth , IOHN DEACON . A Ware-lash for wood-braines . THe sluggish sort , who snorting sleepe , and liue like lazie louts , False frauds will frame to mate each man ; yet firke them with their flouts . The Serpent slie , the subtile Snake , will fawne vpon each Feare ; And coldly crewle till they be crept into the bosome deare , Of them that pitie their complaints , and waylings well do way : But ( if in breast they once be borne ) to sting they neuer stay . The Caterpillers carping crew , with these I may bring in ; Who liue o' th labours of good men : yet passe they not one pin , What cold , what irkesome wearie nights , what tedious tasks , what toyle ; Nor yet , how many meatlesse meales men haue , nor what turmoile . Yet , Deacon deare ( not dreading darts of furious franticke fooles ) Hath wouen a web , and wrought a worke most meete for stately Schooles . He feares no force of Vipers b●oode , nor Caterpillers crew ; But frankly of his owne accord puts it to publike view . In it he toucheth no mans state , of high or low degree : Surmounting sinnes he would suppresse , as soothly men may see . Each vice put downe in open Booke , I might in order name , Had not the Author to our hands , so soundly shew'd the same . And sith the man gapes not for gaine , nor praise from men pretends : Afford him thanks for his great paine , and so you make amends . This guerdon iust if you grudge at , I should accompt you wurse Then Iudas he , ( that treacherous wretch ) who bare about the purse . But , hope I haue , you will accept thereof by due desart , And it applaud : and so ( deare frends ) adieu with all my heart . Laudum suarum praeco insufficiens , S. T. Què sara , sara . To the beneuolent and honestly affected Reader . IF handi-crafts-men haue great praise for working well , ( With toyling trade ) the trifling wares which they for money sell : Then why should Deacon doubt to purchase praise of men , To whom he frankly giues the gift of this his learned pen ? If he his busied brow hath beat for our auaile , And for our profit taken paines : why should his guerdon faile ? No greedie golden fee , no gem , no Iewel braue ; But of the Reader , good report this Writer longs to haue . No man of meanest wit , no beast of slender braine : Who thinkes that such a worke as this , was penn'd with little paine . The worke it selfe portends what toyle he vndertooke , Or er'e his curious file could frame this passing pleasant Booke . If pleasure thou possesse , or profit thereby take : He hath the depth of his desire , who penn'd it for thy sake . But , though thou feele some want of that thou wish at furst : Reade once againe with good aduice , before thou iudge the wurst . Lay loue and hate aside , affection put to flight : So shalt thou iudge as Iustice wils , so shall thy doome be right . Remember , Midas eares were framed like an Asse : Because he said that Pan in skill , Apollo farre did passe . So , if thou shalt preferre some trifle more then truth , Thou shalt deserue ( as Midas did ) the Asses eares with ruth . For , learned is the man that did this Treatise frame : And , learned is the wight , to whom he dedicates the same . And , learned is the worke , and honest eke the fact : And honest men will honestly allow each honest act . But , those that needes will storme , and wot not well wherefore , Must needs haue part of that reward which Midas reap't before . Which , if thou wilt auoid ( as I would wish to shun ) Do deeme with good aduised drift , this deede by Deacon done . So , I that made this verse , will thinke no worse of thee , Then Deacons worke doth well deserue , accompted of to be . But , if thou barke at Moone ( like Bandog void of feares ) All men may deeme thee for an Asse , by those thine Asse like eares . Virescit vulnere virtus . Thine , to pleasure , and to profit thee , B. G. THE FVME OF TOBACCO TAKEN INWARD , IS VERY PERNICIOVS VNTO THE BODY . Capnistus , the Speakers . Hydrophorus , the Speakers . Capnistus . WHat Hydrophorus , mine ancient Antagonist ? adieu : farewell for a season . Come , haste my mates : away . Haue ouer , haue ouer . Hydrophorus . Cauallero Capnistus , what haste I pray thee ? Whither away man , that thou callest so earnestly for the Marriners to haue thee ouer ? Capn. What haste ( quoth you ) Sir ? Who euer expected such a friuolous demand from so famous a Doctor ? Hast thou vtterly forgotten the ordinarie prouerbe , which telleth vs plainly , that Time and Tide attends vpon no mans becke ? And I haue vndertaken a dangerous aduenture towards the vttermost parts of West India with spéed : from whence also I intend to trafficke Tobacco into this our English Iland . Hydr. A dangerous , sayest thou ? yea rather , a most desperate aduenture . Especially , when the voyage must be vndergone by a stripling so tender of yeares : and for a trafficke moreouer , so vntoothsome in taste . Capn. I am sir ( I assure you ) of a contrary opinion . For ( my selfe being now in my most flourishing age ) you should déeme me so much more able to beare , and abide by the bickering , how bitter soeuer . And as for Tobacco ( how vntoothsome soeuer it séemeth in taste ) being found most wholesome by plaine experience , & a trafficke moreouer in so great regard with one and other , I do not presently perceiue what one commoditie may be shipped from thence , more fit for publicke good , nor any way more méete for my priuate auailes . But , adieu for the present . Come , haue ouer , haue ouer . Hydr. What man ? pause ( I pray thee ) a little . For as soft fire maketh sweete mault : so , the hastie man ( we see ) doth seldome want woe . And ( without question ) thine vnexperienced age , as also this thy preposterous purpose concerning that thine intended trafficke , they do both of thē , argue more haste then heed ; more will then wit ; more hurt then health ; more poyson then profit ; and ( which more is ) a great deale more woe then welfare : if the same be not heedfully foreseene , and timely preuented . Capn. Why so , I beséech you , Sir ? Hydr. Dost thou aske me , why so ? Come hither I pray thee , sit close by my sides for a while : and I will tell thee why so . Capn. Content . But , of all loues , then be as briefe as you may : for feare of foreslowing my purposed voyage . Go to now , tell me what one reason you haue , to be hardly conceited , concerning either my tender young yeares , or the long tried trafficke of this my intended aduenture ? Hydr. With very good will. And this so much the rather , for that the consideration of both ioyntly together , do euen forcibly carrie my thoughts to that selfesame amazednesse , which formerly affected Iulius Caesar that mightie Monarch and Conquerour of the whole world , concerning the tried effects of that fearefull conflict which he eftsoones had with the Almains and Sweuians in Germanie , the Swissers and Tournayans in France . Capn. What strange amazednesse might that be , I beséech you ? Hydr. Certainely , euen such , and so exceedingly strange , as did ( for the present ) most fearefully daunt the very vigour and force of his vitall spirits . For , finding in that sort of people ( aboue other nations ) a wonderfull couragious mind , with exceeding great strength of body to beare out the hottest brunt of the battaile ; and hauing also at length obtained of them a very laborious and tedious victorie , with exceeding much toyle , and very great bloudshed : by the often consideration thereof , he was sundrie times drawne into this deepe and serious cogitation : Namely , how it might possibly come to passe , that he should so experiment in euery of them , such a rare and couragious spirit , and so resolute a will , with sufficient strength accordingly , to vndergo any imminent danger ; whereas , in others he found nothing at all but an effeminate life , with a mind of curiositie , in withdrawing themselues from all dangerous and deadly occurrents . Capn. And what ? was he caried so farre into this endlesse labyrinth , as he wotted not well which way to winde himselfe out , but with leading himselfe backward by the onely conduct of a labyrinthian clew ? Hydr. Nothing lesse . For ( hauing searched all the corners of his diuine wit , to find forth some reason in nature concerning this matter ) at length ( with exceeding great iudgement , and singular wisedome ) he espied two speciall causes hereof ; Namely , their abstinence from wine : and , their want of trafficke with other nations . Capn. What benefits could come vnto them by either of both these courses ? Hydr. Surely , exceeding great benefits . For , by the first ( namely , by their abstinence from wine ) they reaped this certaine commoditie ; I meane , they continued the state of their bodily humours in a sound and setled temperature : and , by the other ( that is , by their vtter want of vsuall trafficke with other nations ) they kept entire their ancient customes and manners , and held them continually absolute , and vncorrupted with the venimous vices of forreine countries . As also ( by the ordinary meanes of both ) they receiued this singular benefite , that they preserued from time to time , the vigour , as well of their minds as their bodies , substantially sound and liuely , and euery way pregnant and readie , both for peace , and for warres . Capn. How hath this odde cogitation of his distracted your mind ? Hydr. In very deed , exceedingly much . For , hauing eftsoones somwhat seriously pondered this his approued iudgment , and comparing it euen now , with the present occasions of this our licencious age , as also , with their childish & fond resolution concerning such forreine aduentures : I do find too too many important and weightie causes , very earnestly perswading me to be iumpe of Iulius Caesars opinion concerning such a purposed proiect . Capn. And why so ? Hydr. Dost thou aske me why so ? Do but euenly compare the one age with the other , and thou shalt plainly perceiue the reasons thy selfe . For , what made them ( in those dayes ) such able men of their bodies and minds , and so apt for euery difficult enterprise , but euen that their ordinarie abstinence from wine and strong drinkes ? And what causeth vs now to become such cauallering Carpet Knights , such fantasticall effeminate fellowes , and so vtterly vnfit for martiall affaires , but our continuall carousing of cup after cup ; our insatiable tippling vp of Tobacco fumes , and our contagious conuersing with the vicious customes of forreine countries ? Capn. I can ( as yet ) conceiue no one inconuenience from either of both . Hydr. Let vs then consider them seuerally : for , so shall wee the sooner perceiue the pernicious occurrents proceeding from either . Obserue therefore I pray thee , what monstrous diseases are daily bred in mens bodies , as also , how many and diuerse corruptions are couched close in their minds , by reason of an immoderate swilling vp of wine , of ale , and of beere . For , from whence proceedeth superfluous moistures ouerspreading each solide part of the body ? From whence cometh Catarres , Coughs , Rheumes , distillations of the braine , Comaes , Apoplexies , Palsies , Dropsies , Peripneumonies , Impostumations of the Lungs , Lethargies , Ephialties , Tremblings , Cataracts , Ophthalmies , Crudities , Iliaca passions , Cachexies , Surfets , vnnaturall Vomitings , Ioynt sicknesses , Goutes , and sundry such other ; besides the manifold corruptions of the mind it selfe : from whence ( I say ) do all and euery of these take primarie being , but from an immoderate quassing ? Would to God , this preposterous age of ours did not so pregnantly purport and witnesse the same , without any my record herein . Capn. Indéede I must fréely acknowledge , that such sundrie and strange diseases are growne too too rife and ripe in this our decrepite age , and those also very fearefully affecting both yong and old : but do all those diseases you speake of , directly procéede from an immoderate gulling in of hote wines , and other strong drinkes ? Hydr. Vndoubtedly , they do take their primarie sprout from those pernicious fountaines , either immediatly , or , by a mutuall consent in their sundrie and diuerse gradations at least : as thou thine owne selfe ( by some sober conference with graue and skilfull Physitions ) maist more sensibly and more soundly be made to perceiue . Capn. Well Sir , I vnderstand ( by the purport of your spéech ) what fearefull inconueniences may successiuely follow vpon such an immoderate swilling : and therefore I do herein accord with your selfe and Iulius Caesar , that , a moderate abstinence from wine and other strong drinks , is a singular good meanes to support the sound estate of mens naturall humours , and ( thereby ) the better to enable their bodies and mindes for euery notable exploite . Howbeit , I cannot ( as yet ) conceiue , how this our entercourse of trafficke with forreiners should any way preiudice the persons of men ; or procure annoyance to the publicke good of our English Iland . And therefore , tell me without farther delay , whether you do absolutely deny vs all trafficke with strangers ? Hydr. Nothing lesse . For , so should I be sure , not onely to crosse the singular good purpose of God , in the mutuall conseruation of people and nations dispersed abroad : but also , euen vtterly ouerthrow an excellent good course for the orderly increase of mutuall concord betwixt kingdome and kingdome , while the pining wants of the one , are plentifully supplied by the others abundance . Concerning therefore the timely entercourse of trafficke with strangers , though I hold the same simply lawfull , nor flatly to be forbidden by any ; if especially , a prouident care and a due regard be first had of the traueller his age and yeares , as also , of the religious and honest estate of those countries themselues , whereunto the trauellers bend their purposed designements for such traffice intended : Although yet , notwithstanding ( I know not well how ) this I am certainely sure of , that , whilest such an inconsiderate recourse to and fro from sundrie nations and kingdomes farre remote , lyeth carelesly open for whosoeuer will first giue the onset vpon it , wee leaue our ancient simplicitie eftsoones in a forreine ayre : and ( in stead thereof ) do too greedily sucke vp from forreiners , not their vertues , but vices , and monstrous corruptions , as well in religion and manners , as also , in framing the whole course of our life ( both for apparell , diet , and all other things ) euery way correspondent and currant to such a contagious , and most pernitious president . Capni . By your leaue Sir a little , before you procéed in your spéech . Hydr. With all my heart : propound what you please . Capn. This then is the summe of my purpose . Séeing the holy Scriptures do teach vs directly , that g it is the law in our members which leadeth vs captiues to sinne , and that h euery man is inticed and drawne vnto euill by his owne concupiscence : how dare you ascribe the corruptions either of our mindes or bodies , concerning religion and manners , vnto any our entercourse of traffike with forreine nations ? Hydr. Very true as thou sayest . It is the law of our members which leadeth vs captiues to sinne ; and that euery man is inticed and drawne vnto euil by his proper concupiscence . But yet , marke thus much withall , that the Scripture doth not there make the mindes of men meere agents , but patients rather in the perpetrating of any vngodly actions ; because , those their minds , are said to be enticed and led , which necessarily importeth thus much at the least : Namely , ( sith those their minds are said to be inticed , and led ) necessarily there must ( in euery such sinfull action ) be some other primarie agent ( besides their said mindes themselues ) which so inticeth , and leadeth men captiues : as also , a conuenient meanes with some proportionall obiect , whereby they may so be inticed and led vnto euil . Now then ( to speake properly and pertinently ) the diuell himselfe is that primarie agent : who , by sundrie externall occurrents ( as it were by most apt and conuenient meanes thereunto ) doth accidentally intangle mens minds : that so ( their said minds being formerly captiuated by their proper concupiscence ) he might the more easily intice , and leade them captiues to all manner of euill . For so Iames speaks plainly in the forenamed Scripture , thus : Let no man say ( when he is tempted ) I am tempted of God , for God tempteth no man : but euery man is tempted , when he is drawne away by his proper concupiscence . Where y e Apostle ( yousee ) speaketh purposely of three concurring together in euery temptation . Namely , the primary tempter , I meane y e diuel ; the party tempted , that is , mans mind ; & the outward obiect , as ● conuenient meanes whereby the temptation it selfe is throughly effected : namely y t in-bred concupiscence which couertly lurketh in euery mans nature , as it were a quicke sparke vnder ashes . Which said cōcupiscence ( hauing apt matter outwardly offered vnto it ) will quickly be kindled , especially , if y e diuel with his bellowes but blow vp the same . A most liuely representation presentation here of we may haue in the first fall of mankind● wherein i the diuell himselfe was the primarie tempter , k our Grandmother Eue she was the partie tempted ; and her l inherent concupiscence , the very meanes whereby the temptation it selfe was effected . Which her concupiscence ( howsoeuer the same was m absolutely vpright and sound before , ) yet then ( hauing a proportionall obiect outwardly and conueniently applied vnto it , ( the n apple I meane which was good for meate , and pleasant in sight ) her said concupiscence ( being eftsoones blowne vp o by the bewitching bellowes of Satans inticing blast ) was quickly inflamed and kindled in euill . And therefore ( the premisses rightly respected ) I both dare , and may as boldly asscribe the pollutions of our minds and bodies ( concerning religion and manners ) to such carelesse entercourse of trafficking with the corruptions and customes of forreine countries ; as I formerly auouched the immoderate swilling in of hote wines , with other strong drinks , to be the very procuring cause of many pernicious diseases in the bodies of men . Capn. Which waies Sir , I beséech you ? Hydr. Dost thou aske me which waies , or by what means such carelesse entercourse of trafficke with forreine nations , might be any occasion of polluting both bodie and minde ? If I should likewise demand of thee now , which way , or by what meanes the wise King Salomon became such a wicked idolater : wouldest thou not tell me straight way , that it vndoubtedly came so to passe , by his conuersing and wedding with wicked idolatrous nations ? Capn. That would I presently do , and you may not denie it your selfe : because the word of our God p auoucheth so much . Hydr. And doth not the same word of God tell thee in like sort , that q all such as handle pitch shall be defiled with pitch ? And therefore the good people of God are precisely charged r to go out forthwith from Babylons beastly societie , for feare of partaking with Babylons beastly sinnes . If good mens timely departure from Babylons beastly societie , be deemed a very good meanes to deliuer their bodies and soules from Babylons beastly sinnes : who seeth not then , but that their vntimely and carelesse conuersing with Babylons societie , must needs be some vrgent occasion of a contagious communicating with Babylons beastly cor●uptions ? Yea and this so much the rather , by how much the feeble nature of sinfull man , is more wilfully prone to perpetrate whatsoeuer noysome pollutions , then warily prest to participate with holy and wholsome preseruations . Capn. Illustrate this one point ( I beséech you ) with some apparent and plaine demonstrations of truth . Hydr. With all my heart . But first , let me here aske thee , whether thou thy selfe dost not very plainly perceiue ( in thy proper experience ) too too many of our English mens minds most fearefully estranged from the Apostolike primitiue sinceritie : and their bodies withall , very monstrously transformed from their former ancient simplicity ? Capn. Yes vndoubtedly . I haue eftsoones experimented the truth hereof , in a daily , and due obseruation of their present estates : and withall , I haue wondred greatly thereat , considering the sincere and plentifull preaching of the gracious Gospell among vs. Hydr. No maruell hereof at all . For howsoeuer the sacred word of our God hath a glorious passage among vs , that it might be s A sauour of life vnto life in such as beleeue , or a sauour of death vnto death in so many as perish , and is also t in either of both a sweete sauour to God : yet surely ( such is the waywardnesse of mens wicked nature ) we commonly do take a much more delight in an apish inuention of mens wicked actions u then in an holy meditation of wholsome admonitions . And therefore , like as lewd words x are a most mischieuous meanes to corrupt good manners : so likewise , licentious manners , they are very contagious occasions to y contaminate the minds of men with all manner of outragious maladies . Whereupon the Apostle precisely commands men z to abstaine from all appearance of euill . Capn. All this I fréely confesse : but what inferre you hereof ? Hydr. This I inferre : namely , the very maine reason it selfe , confuting that their former most friuolous wondering at the contagious corruption of mens minds and bodies : especially in this age of ours , wherein the glorious Gospel is so sincerely and so freely preached among vs. For ( pretermitting herein the vnsearchable purpose of God , who vseth eftsoones to punish one sinne with another ) what other more pregnant reason may be rendred for this , then our carelesse entercourse of trafficking with the contagious corruptions , and customes of forreine nations ? And ( to explane my speech in more particular manner ) from whence cometh it now to passe , that so many of our English-mens minds are thus terriblie Turkished with Mahometan trumperies ; thus rufully Romanized with superstitious relickes ; thus treacherously Italianized with sundry antichristian toyes ; thus spitefully Spanished with superfluous pride ; thus fearefully Frenchized with filthy prostitutions ; thus fantastically Flanderized with flaring net-works to catch English fooles ; thus huffingly Hollandized with ruffian-like loome-workes , and other like Ladified fooleries ; thus greedily Germandized with a most gluttenous manner of gormandizing ; thus desperately Danished with a swine-like swilling and quaffing ; thus sculkingly Scotized with Machiauillian proiects ; thus inconstantly Englished with euery new fantasticall foolerie ; thus industriously Indianized with the intoxicating filthie fumes of Tobacco , and what not besides ? From whence ( I pray thee ) do all these , and sundry such other prodigious pollutions of mind and bodie proceede , but from an inconsiderate conuersing with the contagious corruptions , and customes of those the forenamed countries ? According to the Italian prouerbe which pourtrayeth forth an English-man , thus : Englese Italienato , e v● diabolo i●carnato : An English man Italienate , is a very diuell incarnate . Capn. And doth their onely conuersing with those the forenamed forreine countries , procure such filthie pollutions of bodie and mind ? Hydr. It is not simply their conuersing with any those forreine countries themselues : but their communicating rather with the in-bred corruptions , and contagious customes of those seuerall countries , tha● poysoneth both , with such filthy pollutions . Capn. You conclude then , that our countrie men may safely conuerse with those countries themselues , all the while they be carefully circumspect of their owne proper cariage , and resolutely purposed not to participate ( in any respect ) with the contagious corruptions of those selfesame countries . Hydr. Very true . But how difficult a matter it is for mans nature ( so vniuersally polluted ) to escape the pollutions themselues , each one may perceiue in his proper experience , and find it most apparently demonstrated by this ordinarie experiment : Namely , let a sweete christall streame but haue it accustomed course through the midst of a foule filthie channell , and then tell me how long that streame it selfe will soundly retaine his inherent sweetnesse or clearenesse . Now then , mans corrupted nature ( being neither inherently sweet , nor essentially cleare in it selfe ) if it be carelesly permitted ( hand ouer head ) to haue an ordinarie entercourse of trafficking with corrupt and contagious countries , as it were in a foule filthie channell , the very mind it selfe will be as vnable to withstand the pernicious customes of those contagious countries , as the very bodie of man ( accustomably conuersing in pestilentiall places ) is vnfit to resist the pestilentiall infections of those selfesame places . For a further proofe of this point , let other Christian policie ; or the King his prerogatiue royall ; or the force of feare and bloudie massacres , but once proclaime a finall restraint , or perpetually forestall the accustomed course and recourse for trafficke to any the forenamed Babels of beastly confusions , and thou shalt plainely perceiue by the very sequele therof , how farre forth the contagion it selfe hath hitherto possessed those passengers minds . For the Merchants of the earth ( making erst their ordinary trafficke , in the bowels and bellie of those beastly Babels ) will eftsoones beginne very greeuously to bemoane themselues , by reason of such a finall restraint from those their beloued Babels of beastly confusions ; because no man may now a buy of their wares any more : Their glittring wares ( I meane ) of gold , of siluer , of precious stones , and pearles : their wares of fine linnen , of purple , of silke , of scarlet , and all manner of Thyne wood ; their wares of all vessels of yuorie , and of all vessels of precious wood ; their wares of brasse , of yron , and of marble ; their wares of cinamon of odours , of oyntments , of frankensence , of wine , of oyle , of fine floure , and of wheate ; their wares of beasts , of sheepe , of horses , of chariots , of seruants ▪ of the very soules of men : yea and of the apples ( I meane , the filthie Tobacco fumes ) which their very soules and minds so earnestly affected , and lusted after . All these are departed from them ; and all other things else which were fat and excellent are quite departed from them , so as they can find them no more . The Merchants of these ( I say ) which were made ( by such trafficke ) exceedingly rich , will stand afarre off and crie : Alas , alas , that great Babel of beastly confusions , which was formerly apparelled in fine linnen and purple , and scarlet ; and gilded with great and glorious riches ; as of gold , of precious stones ▪ and of pearles ; is now come to a wofull and sodaine desolation . And euerie ship-maister , and all the people that occupie ships , and shipmen , and whosoeuer do vsually trauaile vpon the Seas , shall stand afar off & crie out , saying : What Citie was euer like to this our beloued great Babel for trafficke ? Yea , they will euen cast dust on their heads , and with weeping and wayling will crie out and say : Alas ▪ alas for this our beloued Babel , wherein were made rich all such as had ships on the Sea , by meanes of her costly trafficke : for ( by that former finall restraint ) shee is now in one houre , made vtterly desolate . Now then , all these ( with sundrie such other their horrible out-cries , arising vpon that former finall restraint for trafficking any further with forreine countries ) do very plainly purport to the world , that both bodies and minds haue heretofore bene filthily polluted with the contagious corruptions and customes of those forreine countries . Capn. They pretend ( I confesse ) very probable presumptions . But what ? is there none other remedie else for the timely redresse of this mischiefe , but the onely perpetuall , and finall restraint of trafficking with them any further ? Hydr. God forbid the case should consist of such a desperate condition . Capn. What then ( as you your selfe conceiue of the matter ) may be the safest course to be taken herein ? Hydr. Attend with patience , and I will tell thee my proper thoughts . Capn. I do Sir : and therefore , I pray you procéede . Hydr. This then it is . When I had somewhat more seriously bethought me hereof ( though somewhat too late ) and with great griefe of heart obserued these matters , as well concerning our Church , as Commonwealth , euen thereupon I met with ( as I verily imagined ) a very fit meanes for the timely forestalling of all those the forenamed mischiefes : the which also I will here propound to the serious consideration of thy selfe , and all other besides . Not because I do once imagine , that either thou or they may possibly be ignorant of it , being a point so frequent and popular in publike policy : but rather , that you all may ioyntly record , and mutually recognize with me that selfesame thing which cannot possibly become vnpleasant to any ; being ( in very truth ) approued of all , and vniuersally conuenient for the good estate of our Church and Countrey . Capn. Declare the same then , without any further delay . Hydr. I will. Aristotle that diuine Philosopher , a man in all his inuentions very excellent , especially , in framing a Commonweale , most admirable : he deemeth young men vtterly vnmeete to bee ouertimely instructed ( much lesse imployed ) in matters of ciuill policie . And moreouer , for so much as ( by reason of their tender yeares ) the humours of yong men are too too turbulent and headie , and their affections ouer easily caried away , he alloweth them no conuersa●ion at all with seruants , much les●e with strangers , of whom ( for the slendernesse of their present iudgements ) they might rather learne that which may fearefully corrupt both nature and manners , then what would any way better their minds in either of both . Capn. To what purpose propound you this opinion of Aristotle ? Hydr. To a very good purpose . For by this one precept of his , we may clearely collect , what course ( in this case ) is most conuenient to be taken with Youths , more especially with such as are Students , as also with so many besides , as ( by reason of their worthes ) should seriously giue ouer themselues to the studie of learning for publicke good . Capn. What course , I beséech you ? Hydr. Euen this which here followeth now : Namely , that no forreine recourse be permitted to any ( especially the younger sort ) before they be fully come to their ripe , and well stayed yeares . Capn. And why so , I pray you ? Hydr. Because then ( their humours being formerly setled ) the stayednesse of those their said humours will cause the perturbations of the mind to be calmed : so as ( from the orderly asswaging of both ) there must necessarily proceed a maturitie , and ripenesse in iudgement . Because then they can more easily discerne what is sound in opinion , as also what is honest and meete in manners : being then also the better enabled ( with a more constant resolution ) to pursue , and to follow especially that which is good . Capn. If this caution were carefully obserued in the ordinarie education of Youths , what publicke commoditie would follow thereof ? Hydr. Very admirable and sundry commodities would grow from the same . For by this meanes , it would vndoubtedly come to passe , that neither our Church would be dilacerated and disquieted with so many hereticall opinions ; our Weale publicke deformed with so great and grieuous corruptions , nor the profession of Physicke so amazed ( as eftsoones it is ) at the often beholding of such hideous monsters ( to vse Auerroes his words ) in many diseases . Capn. What Sir ? will you now play the Puritane , in presuming thus proudly to propound new platformes concerning Ecclesiasticall and Ciuill policie ? Hydr. That was and is the furthest end of my thought . For seeing as well heresies in Religion , as corruptions in manners are authentically referred to the seueral Magistrates of Church and Commonweale , by them to be plucked vp by the rootes ; and seeing moreouer ( so much as lieth in them ) they haue hitherto very well and warily weeded them out in either of both : it neuer was , nor is now my meaning so polypragmatically to thrust forth my sickle into those their sincerely designed haruests , nor to entermeddle at all with any their lawfully propounded proiects . Onely ( as a well-willer to either of both ) I do here purpose ( for the present ) to put downe and declare what dangerous discommodities in Physicke , as also , what pernicious occurrents to our physicall methods of curing diseases , are too too perniciously brought home and procured from forreine trauell : while we haue ouercarelesly entertained a strange kind of curing , together with many strange and vncooth medicines neuer heard of before ; yea and those not so sorcible to helpe the diseased , as to infeeble and throw downe the sound constitutions : and which also we do vse so greedily ( I will not say want only ) quite contrary to our countries climate , the naturall constitution of our country bodies , the ineuitable rules of all physicall reason , and the long approued custome of all our wise Ancestors . Capn. Pretermitting ( for the present ) your physicall methods for curing , our naturall constitutions , our Countries climate , your physicall rules , as also our Ancestors long approued customes , as matters beyond mine element : do tell mee ( I pray you ) what one kinde of hurtfull trafficke you are able to name , that is so carelesly transported from forreine countries ? Hydr. What one , sayest thou ? Alas man , what sundry sorts of poysonsome drugs could I not soundly challenge that way , if time would permit , and such an vnwonted challenge might possibly preuaile against the setled conceipts of headstrong people ? Howbeit , among many things , which ( without either profite , or due regard ) are needlesly ( yet daily ) brought home by certaine vicious and wilde dispositions from the farthest India , surely nothing ( in my conceipt ) could be deuised more apt , and more fit to ouerthrow quite the solide strength of our bodies , nor more prompt and more readie to obscure and to darken the faculties of our minds , then this filthie fume of Tobacco , whereof I purpose here chiefly to spe●ke . In drinking also whereof , too too many do leade a smokie life , breathing nought foorth but smoking fumes : vntill ( by vntimely deaths ) they do fearefully forestall the timely establishment of an honourable and ancient age . Capn. b This then ( I perceiue ) is the onely faire Helena for whose swéete sake now , a most bloudy bickering must be bladed betwéene vs. But yet heare good Sir , I beséech you . This vnderhand particularizing of mens proper persons , as also , this so couert a singling forth of one particular commoditie from all the rest , they are plaine demonstrations , that your preposterous splene doth more dispitefully swell against my tender young yeares and purposed trafficke , then desirously séeke to asswage any soundly supposed corruptions from forreine countries . Hydr. And why so , I pray thee Capnistus ? Capn. First , because you so boldly auouch some such vainly imagined venime , to be ouercarelesly conuayed from out of the farthest India into this our English Iland , by vicious and wilde dispositions . Secondly ( for that among those your manifold supposed corruptions ) you touch onely Tobacco by name , as that onely Troian horse-bellie from whence all forreine filthinesse ( as your selfe very soundly surmize ) doth too too infectiously ouerflow this Iland of ours . Hydr. I may safely sweare for hauing a thought or purpose , either to point at any mans person , or once to pursue his particular trafficke : but onely to insist vpon matters for publicke good . Howbeit , seeing this thy particular application , enforceth here some further explication , I will therefore deliuer my mind in plainer termes touching either of both . For the first , who knoweth not of old , that this thy intended Tobacco , was primarily posted ouer from West India to England , by a vicious , a vaine , and a wilde disposition ? that I say no more . And who seeth not likewise , that the same now ( for the most part ) is very vainly entertained in England , by as vicious , as vaine , and wilder dispositions , if wilder may be ? For tell me ( I pray thee ) what more vicious disposition then that , which so excessiuely taketh Tobacco , of very purpose to inflame his excessiue and vicious affections ? Or what more vaine disposition then that , which so insatiably swalloweth the filthie fume of Tobacco , as an ordinarie shooing-horne , to pull on more insatiably , an aboundance of wine , and strong drinke ? Briefly what more vicious , more vaine , or more wilde dispositions may possibly be then those our carousing companions , who so viciously , so vainely , and so wildly do vse the inward taking of filthie Tobacco fumes , as an intoxicating poyson to make themselues , and other their swaggering associates most dangerously wilde and mad with the venimous and deadly contagion thereof ? Lo ( Capnistus ) these onely considerations ( not thy particular person ) did make me so peremptorily to terme those our carelesse Tobacco triflers , with that proportionable title of vicious , vaine , and wild dispositions . So as none but such as cannot distinguish betweene the men and the matter it selfe , may iustly be offended therewith . Neither did I precisely or purposely ayme at any one particular trafficke , appertayning more properly vnto thine owne selfe : but ( intending onely to propound and declare what dangerous discommodities in physicke are forcibly offred to our orderly method of Curing , through an vnorderly transporting of sundry pernicious drugs into this poore Iland of ours from forreine countries ) I made ( for further proofe of this point ) a speciall choyce to intreate of Tobacco alone in stead of the rest : of very purpose to bridle our vnbridled and bewitched Tobacconists from tampring any further therewith . Whose wilfull errours and vicious customes , though ( as I could heartily wish ) I cannot throughly reclaime and correct ; yet giue me leaue ( at this present I pray thee ) to lay them wide open to the view of the world : that so our Tobacconists themselues may perceiue ( if the blind obscuritie of their braines , procured from their filthie Tobacco fume will giue them leaue ) how perniciously they dispose of their owne proper health , while they so insatiably sucke in ( by the conduite of their tippling Tobacco pipe ) a venimous matter enemie to mans nature , and so inconsiderately entertaine that filthie noysome fume into the treasurie of their temporall life . Capn. If you intend to maintaine this idle talke , for an absolute truth : you may be sure to haue moe fists then your owne about your pate . Hydr. Yea Capnistus , I do looke for many gaine sayers herein , and some peraduenture of the learneder sort . Howbeit , I leaue all men that way to their owne proper iudgement , all the while they worke no preiudice to this my opinion ; and so long as mine owne selfe may with the same good leaue dissent from them , by the which leaue they hold and maintaine a contrarie conceipt from me , I will not say from the truth it selfe . Capn. But Sir , howsoeuer you séeme to pretend many plausible pretences in open spéech , men may yet suspect that you harbour some other shrewd purpose in your secret heart . Hydr. Men ( if they please ) may imagine many curious castles beyond the Moone , without either matter or forme at all . Howbeit I protest , not to speake purposely to the preiudice of any mans person : but let euery man enioy his proper opinion for me . Neither yet is this my speech herein vndertaken for the priuate respect of painefull Physitions ; ( which wicked imagination , some Christopher of all conceipts may peraduenture very viciously vent foorth against my good meaning : ) but rather that I might more freely , and more ingeniously expresse my whole mind in this matter , and shew thee more plainly how I am perswaded in conscience concerning the same . Capn. Well then , this your pretended purpose being soundly performed , I doubt not but each man may reape a singular profite thereby . Hydr. It were ( in very deede ) to be wished so : although yet I can hardly be perswaded it will be so . For Plato ( in his booke c intituled Gorgias ) doth say there are two holes in mens minds , by meanes whereof they cannot soundly containe the knowledge of good things ; to wit , forgetfulnesse , and misbeleefe . Capn. How do those two holes hinder their apprehension of good things ? Hydr. After a very pestiferous manner ; if thou obserue it well . For by the first ( I meane by forgetfulnesse ) the noble vertue experience ( locked vp long since in our memorie ) is eftsoones lost : and by the other ( namely by misbeleefe ) that stedfast perswasion whereby we should firmely resolue our selues vpon the authenticall authority and faith of our teachers , is confusedly scattered . Both of these hurtfull holes , I would haue surely shut vp in thy selfe , and so many besides as desire to reape any benefite by this my present discourse . Capn. Let other men deale as they list ; I ( for mine owne part ) will carefully sée them most soundly shut vp in my selfe : and therefore procéede and spare not to speake what you please , concerning the smoke of Tobacco . Hydr. With very good will : wherein also I purpose to propound , and prosecute this following order . First ( being now to speake generally of the nature of smoke ) I will briefly and plainly shew thee what smoke is : and how the same is distinguished from vapour and exhalation . Secondly , how many kinds of smoke there are : and from what kinde of matter each one is drawne . And lastly , I will shew thee what inconuenience and hurt the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , doth dangerously effect in the bodies of men . Hydr. A most excellent order , no doubt : procéede therefore ( I beséech you ) first , in shewing me generally what smoke is . Hydr. Content . Wherein , marke this well , that almost all kinds of combustible matter , do send foorth either smoke , vapour , or exhalation extracted from thence by the heate of the fire . The which three kinds of matters are also distinguished one from another , in respect either of their efficient ; or of their matter ; or of their effect at least . For the better vnderstanding whereof , I thinke it best ( in this place ) to define them all seuerally , appointing to euery of them his owne particular limits and bounds . Capn. Go to then , without any further delay . Hydr. Aristotle ( in the booke of his Meteors ) doth d distinguish them all in this sort . First , he defineth smoke to be the generall and common extraction of drinesse and moistures together , being wrought by the heate of a more vehement fier : which notwithstanding , doth neither moisten , nor bedeaw , but rather infecteth with a blacke colour such things as are smoked . In which definition , smoke ( thou maist see ) respecting the matter thereof , is said to be a common extraction of drought and of moisture together . In respect of the efficient , it is said to be drawne out by a more vehement fire . And in regard of the effect , it is said to be died with a blacke colour , but yet not to moisten it at all . Capn. Sir , by that which is hitherto spoken , I do plainly perceiue what smoke is ; but how distinguish you the same from vapour and exhalation ? Hydr. Euen by those three former respects ; namely , by the efficient , the matter , and the effect : as the comparison of smoake it selfe with those other two , will make more manifest . Capn. Why , what thing is vapour I pray you ? Hydr. Aristotle ( in his e forenamed booke ) defineth vapour to be a separation extracted ( by a vehement heate ) from water , and turned into aire and spirit : which can make moist , but giue no colour at all . Capn. And what is exhalation ? Hydr. The said Aristotle defineth exhalation or breath , to be a separation of moisture alone , wrought by a small heate , which ( in continuance of time ) doth draw it forth : and which also is turned into aire , and not into a spirit ; neither yet doth it giue any colour or moisture . Capn. Hauing succinctly shewed me what smoke , vapour , and exhalation is : now tell me ( I pray you ) wherein they accord , and how they do differ . Hydr. I will. First therefore , smoke and vapour they ioyntly accord ( thou maist see ) in their proper efficient cause , for both of them are wrought by a vehement heate , whereas exhalation is effected by a very small heate . Againe ( in respect of their matter ) smoke doth differ from vapour , and exhalation both : for so much as smoke is the extraction of moisture and drought together , whereas vapour and exhalation they are onely but the extraction of moisture . Againe ( in regard of the effect ) smoke altogether varieth from vapour , because smoke is neither resolued into aire , not yet into spirit , neither doth it moisten at all ; both which are effected by vapour . Againe , smoke and exhalation ( in their effect ) do partly differ ; for that smoke coloureth , which the other doth not : and partly they accord in this , that neither of them both doth moisten . Againe , vapour ( concerning the effect ) seemeth both to differ from exhalation , and to accord with the same . For , in that vapour turneth vnto a spirit , and moisteneth also , therein it differeth : but whereas it is sometimes turned to aire , therein it accordeth with exhalation . By all the premisses then thou maist plainly perceiue wherein smoke accordeth with vapour and exhalation : and wherein also it differeth from either of both . Capn. Very true as you say , if men may confidently credite Philosophie . Hydr. Why not credite the same ? Especially , it being so consideratly determined by that prince of Philosophers , who both had a principall illumination this way from the heauenly Philosopher himselfe ; and withall , the ioynt approbation of all succeeding Philosophers : as may very plainly appeare by the approued consonancie which this his opinion h●ldeth with the originall words put downe in the sacred Scripture . Capn. Shew me succinctly this your supposed consonancie . Hydr. With very good will. f First therefore ( concerning the first word , viz. smoke ) the Hebrewes they vse the word gnaschan , arising from the radicall verbe gnaschan : which signifieth to fume , to vapour , or send forth smoke . The Grecians , they haue the word capnos , that is , a fume , a vapour , or smoke . The Latines haue famus , which we commonly call smoke : that is to say , a blacke vapour extracted from fire , taking it owne name from a fornace colour , and besmearing whatsoeuer it fumeth vpon . And as this is the very true Etymon of the word smoke it selfe , so surely the sacred Scriptures , they do accordingly obserue the same . As for example : When the Lord had assured Abraham of the Amorites countrey in the fourth generation following : the holy Ghost there affirmeth , that , when the Sunne went downe there was a fearefull darkenesse . g For ( saith the Hebrew ) vehine thannur gnaschan ; the Septuagint saith , clibanos capnizomenos ; the Latine saith , & ecce fumantem furnum : that is ( saith the English ) and , behold a smoking fornace . This place ( thou maist see ) is directly plaine for our matter propounded . Againe , when the Lord in mount Sinai , gaue the Law to his people , it is there said , that mount Sinai was all on a smoke , because the Lord came downe vpon it in fire . And ( saith the Hebrew ) Vaiagnal gneschano ; saith the Septuagint , Hosei capnos caminou : saith the Latine , & ascendebat fumus eius ; that is ( saith our English ) and lo , the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a fierie fornace . In this place likewise thou seest an approued consonancie concerning this point in question . In like manner , when Ioshuah had set the Citie of Hai on fire , It is said , that the men of Hai looked backe and saw it : i Hebrew , Vehine gnalah gnaschan ; y e Septuagint , et heoroun tòn capnón ; the Latine hath , & ascenderet fumus ciuitatis : that is ( saith our English ) and lo , the smoke of the Citie ascended vp vnto heauen . In all these , and k sundrie such other places besides , the holy Ghost ( thou maist see ) doth not onely obserue the very Etymon of the word ( smoke ) but ( which more is ) he accordeth clearely with that which Aristotle hath set downe before concerning the very true nature of smoke : namely , that it is an extraction of drinesse and moistnesse together from some fierie combustible matter , through the heate of a vehement fire ; that it is of a darke or sootie aspect ; and that it besmeareth with a blacke or duskish colour , whatsoeuer is fumed therewith . Hereunto also accordeth the ioynt approbation of all the succeeding Philosophers , holding smoke to be hot and drie ▪ and answerable in all things to that which was formerly spoken concerning the same . For ( saith l Ouid. ) — Calidóque inuoluitur vndique fumo . Also Virgil saith thus , m Mistóque vndantem puluere fumum . In like manner saith Cicero thus , n Paulisper stetimus in illo ganearum tuarum nidore , atque fumo : and so all the rest . Seeing therefore we haue thus , not only the ioynt approbation and mutuall consent of all succeeding Philosophers ; but ( which more is ) the authenticall consonancie of sacred Scriptures concurring fully with that which Aristotle putteth downe in his Meteors , concerning the efficient , the matter , and the effect of smoke : Let this fully suffice for thy full satisfaction that way . Capn. It giueth me ( Sir , I assure you ) sufficient content , and therefore procéede now to the word vapour , I pray you . Hydr. With very good will. And therefore , herein obserue ( in like manner ) that ( for that which we call vapour ) the Hebrewes they haue o edh , that is , a vapour or very thinne fume . It hath a maru●llous affinitie with another word called udh : that is , a fire-brand , an adustion , or burning , a peece of wood made blacke by adustion . The Grecians they haue p atmòs , that is , a vapour or aire . The Latines they haue vapour : that is to say in our English tongue , a waterie or earthy humour , extenuated or thinned : the breath or vapour of the seas , or the earth . Or , It is a very thinne humour ascending vp by adustion , and resolued into a waterie cloud , being ( by nature ) moist and cold . According to that in Genesis saying , p Hebr. veidh ; Septuagint ; pêgê , Lat. vapour : that is in English , And a vapour ascended vp from the earth , and watered all the earth . Againe , it is said in Iob , q that when God restraineth the drops of water , the raine poureth downe . Hebr. leidho , Graec. eis nepheleen , Lat. ad vaporem : that is in English , by the vapour thereof . In these two places , the holy Ghost ( thou seest ) doth not onely obserue the very true Etymon of the word vapour it selfe , but doth likewise very fitly accord to that definition thereof which was formerly put downe by Aristotle ; namely , that vapour is a separation extracted ( by a vehement heate ) from water , and so turned into aire or spirit ; which also can moisten , but giue no colour at all , being ( by nature ) cold and moist . Neither is the said vapour r any inflammable impression as exhalation is : because ( being but a moist and waterie meteor ) it cannot possibly be set on fire , nor caried beyond the middle region of the aire : although notwithstanding ( being so eleuated ) it may be thickened and made constringent . And hereunto also , we haue the ioynt approbation of all the succeeding Philosophers . For saith Ouid , s Vapor humidus omnes , — Res creat , & discors concordi● foetibus apta est . Howbeit this word , vapour , is sometime put downe for heate , as witnesseth Columella saying , t Minusque vaporis aestate per angustum os penetret . And so likewise saith Virgil , u Lentusque carinas — est vapor , & toto descendit co●pore pestis . And so likewise the rest of that sort . Seeing therefore we haue thus , not onely the ioynt approbation of all succeeding Philosophers , but ( which more is by much ) the authenticall consent of the sacred Scriptures , euen mutually concurring with that which Aristotle himselfe hath formerly put downe concerning the word , vapour , let this therefore ( for the present ) suffice for that point . Capn. It fully sufficeth , and therefore procéed now ( in like manner ) to the word exhalation I pray you . Hydr. With all my heart . Wherein obserue ( as before ) that ( for that which we call exhalation ) the Hebrewes they haue the x word mappach , that is , a sufflation , an aire , or a breath . It comes of the radicall verbe , naphach , which properly signifieth to blow , to breathe , to send forth an aire from out of the mouth . It hath a maruellous affinitie also with poach , that is , to breathe againe , to breathe forth : and is properly spoken of the aire of the day . The Grecians , they call it y apophora , that is , an exhalation , or an expiration . The Latines they haue exhalatio , that is , a breathing , or drawing forth of breath . By all which it is apparently euident , that exhalation is a certaine thinne terrestriall spirit , which ( by reason of a vehement heate ) is exhaled , and drawne from out of the earth , and caried about in the aire ; being ( by nature ) hot and drie : and therefore very apt to be kindled or set on fire ; a thing quite contrarie to vapour , as I told thee euen now . Whereunto accordeth that in Iob , who saith , that the hope of the wicked shall faile , their refuge shall perish : and their hope is z mappach naphesh . Graec. a apóleia , Latine , exhalatio , vel expiratio animae , that is , as the exhalation , or the expiration of life : I meane , a very vaine hope , or an exceeding sorrow of mind . Thus then thou maist here plainly perceiue the currant consent of sacred Scriptures concerning the Etymon also of this word exhalation . Neither is there wanting herein the ioynt approbation of all the succeeding Philosophers : according to that which Plinie speakes of it thus , b Certior multò nebulosa exhalatio est . Againe Cicero accordeth thereunto c saying thus . Quod & humidum , & caliginosum est , propter exhalationes terrae . And so likewise the rest . Seeing therefore we haue herein , not onely the authenticall consent of all succeeding Philosophers , but likewise the full approbation of sacred Scriptures concerning the true Etymon , the nature , the efficient , the matter , as also the seueral effects of these three different words , I meane , of smoke , of vapour , and of exhalation : thou maist now more apparently perceiue then euer before , wherein smoke accordeth with vapour and exhalation , and wherein also it differeth from either of both . Capn. Very true as you say , but I pray you procéed . Hydr. These things then being thus briefly determined , and set downe ( as thou seest ) by their seuerall names and differences : let vs here now put vapour and exhalation apart for the present , as nothing appertaining to our purpose intended ; and consider ( in like sort ) of the seuerall kinds of smoke ; that ( by the meanes thereof ) we may haue a readie accesse to the rest . Capn. Why Sir , how many kinds of smoke are there ? Hydr. Aristotle ( in that d his forenamed booke and Chapter ) deuideth smoke into three seuerall kinds : and distinguisheth them moreouer , in an especiall respect of those seuerall matters from whence they are drawne . Namely , into fume , fulîgo , and Nidor . Capn. What saith he first of fume ? Hydr. He defineth fume , to be a terrestriall exhalation extenuated ; e which the Hebrewes call nasi , the Grecians atmós : that is , a vapour or fume of the earth . The Frenchmen they call it vapeur , exhalation , & fumée montant de la terre en haut : that is , a vapour , exhalation , or fume arising from some terrestriall or earthie substance . More especially ( saith Aristotle ) from some wooddie matter : whereunto also he referreth bones , haires , hearbes , and such like . All which said seuerall matters , notwithstanding they haue no one name common to euerie of them , yet are they ioyntly ranked in one and the selfesame kind , as witnesseth Empedocles , saying thus . f Of same kind are both leaues , and haires , and pens of fethered Fowle ; with scales of fishes , wherewith their strong bodies are couered . Capn. Empedocles ( by your patience Sir ) he had not chiefly a respect vnto any their supposed resemblance in matter , but vnto that rather which consisteth in the finall cause of those the forenamed seuerall things . Namely , that looke what end & vse there is of haires in creatures liuing vpon the drie land : the selfesame vse there is also of leaues in plants , of feathers in fowles , and of scales in fishes ; because vnto euery of the forenamed creatures hath nature allotted those selfesame supplies , for their timely preseruation and proper defence . Hydr. Very true as thou sayest . And yet ( notwithstanding all this ) it is not to be doubted but that Empedocles withall , doth euen secretly seeme ( as it were ) to point also at the earthie constitution of euery of these : which their said constitution is an effectuall and a speciall furtherer of such conseruation . Capn. Well Sir , procéed to the other kinds of smoke , I beséech you . Hydr. The second kind of smoke he calleth fulîgo , that is , a vapouring earthie fume extracted by heate : and making blacke the very beames of mens houses . Whereupon Quintilian ( describing a Student rethorically ) doth tell vs directly , that g vnto such a one , fuligo lucubrationum bibenda est , the very smoke of the candle or lampe must be sucked vp : meaning thereby , that a good Student must abide by his booke , and spend light after light for the timely attainment of learning . In like manner , Aulus Gellius ( alluding directly to the besmearing nature of fuligo ) very liuely setteth forth ( by the same ) the deceiptfull speeches of a subtile man , saying thus , h Verborum , & argutiarum fuliginem ob oculos audientium facit : that is , He casteth a mist of words before the eies of his hearers . And as the witnesse of these men is a pregnant proofe for this point ; so surely , the Hebrewes they haue a word very consonant thereunto . For that which we name fuligo , they call i kitor . The Septuagint they terme it athrachia ; the Latines , fuligo : that is , a vapouring fume , or subfumigation extracted from Frankinsence , Mirrhe , Aloes , or some such other aromaticall spices , or hearbes , being cast in the fire , as k may plainly appeare by sundry places of Scripture . Wherein thou maist plainly perceiue , that Aristotle ( in his former booke ) doth fully accord with the infallible truth of God , by telling vs confidently , that fuligo is some such vapouring exhalation as proceedeth from matter of fatty substance , especially from Frankinsence , Pitch , and such other like subiects that are of a more fattie and pitchie nature . Capn. And what is the third kind of smoke ? Hydr. The third kind of smoake ( named Nidor ) is that which the Hebrewes call riach , id est , odoratus est , olfecit ; the Grecians call it osmein ; the Latines odor , as appeareth euidently by m sundrie places of Scripture put downe in the margent . All which do plainly approue vnto vs , that Nidor is the fume or sauour of any thing burned or broyled : according to the French-mens opinion , who call it n L'odeur & flair de quelque chose qui est au feu , ou bruslé . The Italian he tearmes it o odor di cosa arostica . The Germans they name it , p ein geschmunerezeren . Againe , ein gescmack eines gebratnem oder geroesteren dings . And the Spaniard intitles it , q odor suave del maniar . Whereunto also accordeth Virgil , saying , r Illi ingens barba reluxit , Nidorémque arbusta dedit . Properly it signifieth some smell of oylie-meates either boyled or broyled : according to that of Martiall , saying , s Pasceris , & nigrae solo nidore culinae . By the premisses then it is very apparent , that Aristotle he was not deceiued at all , in defining Nidor to be such a vapouring fume as is vsually sent forth from some vnctuous and oylie matter . Capn. But Sir , you séeme herein ( by your leaue ) to confound fuligo and nidor , and so to make of them both but one kind of smoke : For , what difference ( I pray you ) betwéene a fattie and an oylie matter ? Hydr. How a fattie and oylie matter do differ one from another , the said Aristotle ( in the former place ) very plainly declareth , t affirming fatte to be more drie , and oyle more moist . Yea , and Galen in his booke u of Simples , as also Aristotle in the forenamed Treatise , do ioyntly affirme the fattie fume called fuligo , to be more drie then that oylie exhalation which is commonly called nidor : for that it consisteth of an earthie substance , and retaineth withall some strength or force of the fier . Capn. Well then , let it be so as you say : but what do you obserue from this your thréefold difference of smoke it selfe ? Hydr. Surely a very fit introduction to this our intended businesse . For , seeing fume is drawne ( by the operation of heate ) from those selfesame materiall substances , which ( being by nature more earthie ) will not , nor cannot be made to melt , but by reason of their drinesse ( which is the nature of flame in an only losse of their coldnesse ) are turned estsoones into fire : and seeing flame it selfe is nothing else but aire , or smoke set on fire and kindled , it must necessarily follow ( thou seest ) that therefore , fume , it hath a farre greater force to heate and drie , then either fuligo , or nidor hath . Capn. The consequence I fréely acknowledge , but what inferre you hereof ? Hydr. A very pregnant gradation to this our purposed discourse concerning the fierie pernicious fume of filthie Tobacco . For these things being thus orderly set downe and determined , according to the vndoubted truth of that naturall Philosophie which holdeth so apt a consonancie with the sacred Scriptures themselues , how can it possibly seeme strange to any man liuing , that I should thus confidently affirme the fume of Tobacco ( inwardly taken ) to be very pernicious to the bodies of men ? For , seeing all kind of smoke doth not onely drie vp the humors of the body , and inflame the inward parts , but also doth scorch and burne them vp , yea and consume those radicall humours which should vphold and nourish the spirits , and euen feedeth ( as it were ) vpon the heate both naturall , and externall , or accidentall : how should not the smoke of Tobacco ( being a more forcible fume then many of the rest ) be much more able to drie vp the humours , to inflame the intrals , to scorch and consume the radicall humors , and so vtterly to extinguish the naturall heate it selfe ? whereupon must necessarily ensue , not onely a most fearefull extraction of that the said naturall heate , but also of those the vitall spirits wherein are contained the vigor and power of the whole life it selfe . Capn. I perceiue no such necessary consequent ( Sir ) as your selfe would here séeme to conclude from the fume of Tobacco . Besides that , howsoeuersome nimble and exquisite wits ( by such a voluntarie discourse as this of yours is ) are sufficiently able to set a Vermilion die vpon whatsoeuer subiect or matter they please : yet ( being at any time drawne to a more deliberate and succinct dispute ) then a man may easily espie the manifold imperfections which couertly lurke in their extrauagant and rouing collations . And therefore procéede now more syllogistically ( I beséech you ) in the orderly prosecution of this your intended discourse , without any such soaring aloft in the aire . Hydr. With very good will. And therefore ( to shut vp this my wide open hand a firme closed fist , and to reduce my succeeding discourse into the ordinarie limites of an artificiall argument ) I may thus propound my first reason fyllogistically : which also ( being absolutely grounded vpon the premisses , as vpon a firme foundation and infallible ground ) may ( by no cunning opposition or craf●ie engine ) be possibly ouerthrowne . Capn. Go to then , propound it ( I pray you ) whatsoeuer it be . Hydr. Attend then vnto it , for this it is . That which consumeth the naturall heate , is very pernicious to the bodies of men . But the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , consumeth the naturall heate . Therefore the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , is very pernicious to the bodies of men . Capn. Your maior proposition séemeth something obscure in my apprehension : and therefore , shew me more plainly , how that which consumeth the naturall heate , is very pernicious to the bodies of men . Hydr. That may easily be proued by this following argument . That which causeth putrifaction and corruption both , is very pernicious vnto the bodie . But that which consumeth the naturall heate , causeth putrifaction and corruption both . Therefore that which consumeth the naturall heate , is very pernicious vnto the bodie . Capn. This argument ( I must néeds confesse ) is very probable , but what authoritie haue you ( besides your selfe ) for further confirmation thereof ? Hydr. Why man , both Propositions ( as thou heardest euen now ) are firmly protected by the authoritie of Aristotle , in that x the forenamed booke and chapter . Where he auoucheth confidently , that all kind of smoke doth drie vp the humours , inflame the intrals ; burne , scorch and consume those radicall humours which are the vpholders and nourishers of the vitall parts ; and extinguisheth their heate , both naturall , and externall , or accidentall : and therefore pernicious vnto the bodie . Capn. But how are you able to maintaine the Minor or second Proposition of your former Argument : namely , that the smoke of Tobacco consumeth the naturall heate ? Hydr. If any make question thereof , the same may thus be performed . That which extinguisheth the naturall and radicall moisture , consumeth the naturall heate . But the smoke of Tobacco extinguisheth the naturall and radicall moisture , and that in a very short time . Therefore , the smoke of Tobacco consumeth the naturall heate . Capn. How proue you the Proposition first : namely , that that which extinguisheth the naturall , and radicall moisture , consumeth the naturall heate ? Hydr. I proue it very substantially and soundly , thus . That which consumeth the subiect , fountaine , and maintainer of the naturall heate , the same doth extinguish the naturall heate . But that which feedeth vpon the naturall and radicall moisture , consumeth the subiect , fountaine , and maintainer of the naturall heate . Therefore , that which feedeth vpon the naturall and radicall moisture , extinguisheth the naturall heate . Capn. Sir , I cannot contradict you in this : the proofe thereof is so pregnant . Notwithstanding , I do flatly deny the Assumption put downe in your former argument : namely , that the smoke of Tobacco extinguisheth the naturall and radicall moisture , and that also in a very short time . Hydr. I confirme it more fully , by this syllogisme or reason succeeding . That which scorcheth and burneth the naturall or radicall moisture , that extinguisheth the naturall or radicall moisture . But all kind of smoake drawne immediatly from a matter hot and drie , scorcheth and burneth the naturall or radicall moisture . Therefore , all such kind of smoke ( and so consequently the smoke of Tobacco drawne inwardly ) extinguisheth the naturall , and radicall moisture . Capn. I cannot as yet conceiue the soundnesse of this your syllogisme . Hydr. Why man , the soundnesse of both propositions is apparently euident by that which was spoken before from Aristotle . Namely , ●hat y all kind of smoke doth drie vp the humours , inflame the intrals , burne vp , scorch and consume the naturall and radicall humours ; feedeth vpon those the said humours which are the vpholders , maintainers , and nourishers of the vitall parts ; yea and extinguisheth their hea●e both naturall , and accidentall . If all kind of smoke ( drawne inwardly from a matter hote and drie doth worke such fearefull effects : then surely , the smoke of Tobacco ( it being drawne inwardly from a matter more hote and d●ie then many of the rest ) doth much more effectually , and more speedily procure such fearefull effects . And so consequently , the fume of Tobacco taken inward , is very pernicious to the bodies of men : according to the ineuitable force of this our first artificiall argument . Capn. Stay Sir I beséech you : insult not so brauely before the finall successe . For as one Swallow makes not a sommer : so surely , this your first conflict against the fume of Tobacco , it concludes no absolute conquest ouer Tobacco . And howsoeuer this your primarie assault may haply be thought very fierce and forcible , yet full féeble is the refuge of that resistance , which ( for one onely receiued wound ) forsaketh the field . Hydr. Why man , one onely receiued wound ( being both mortall and deadly ) is no lesse dangerous to the life it selfe , then tenne hundred concurring together . Howbeit , because the conquest it selfe will be so much more glorious , by how much the aduerse part is made to appeare more ignominious : it shall not be greatly amisse to vndertake ef●soones , some deadly encounter herein . To the end therefore , that this smokie contagious fume ( receiuing the deadly wound afresh ) may concludently , and clearely be chased from out of our coasts , I will now muster forth some fresh supply from those other our sound harted arguments , which ( for mannaging the fore-front of this our set battel ) do here so frankly offer their seruice in the open field . Capn. Discharge your vttermost force against the fume of Tobacco , and spare not . Hydr. Take this then that followeth , for a second murdering Canon . Whatsoeuer dissolueth the naturall proportion of the Elements in bodies compounded and mixt , that same is very pernicious vnto the bodie . But the smoke of Tobacco dissolueth the naturall proportion of the Elements in bodies compounded and mixt . Therefore , the smoke of Tobacco , is very pernicious vnto the bodie . Capn. Sir , I am something suspicious of the first proposition : namely , that that which dissolueth the naturall proportion of the Elements in bodies compounded and mixt , is very pernicious vnto the body . Hydr. The same may be made more apparently manifest , by this following proofe . Whatsoeuer doth corrupt things naturally compounded , and so bring them to destruction , that same is very pernicious vnto the body . But that which vndoeth the naturall proportion of the Elements in bodies mixt , doth corrupt and destroy things naturally compounded . Therefore , that which vndoeth the naturall proportion of the Elements in bodies mixt , is very pernicious vnto the bodie . Capn. Explane your proposition , I pray you . Hydr. Why man ? the proposition needeth no explanation at all , it is of it selfe so apparently manifest . For z is not the essentiall being of a man , a bodie naturally compounded ? And is not corruption , the mutation , and amission either of the substantiall forme , the quantitie , or qualitie of such a compounded bodie ? That thing then ( whatsoeuer it bee ) which so corrupteth and destroyeth the substance , forme , quantitie , or qualitie of any compounded body , must needs be very pernicious to that selfesame body . Capn. What meane you ( Sir ) by a bodie compounded ? Hydr. That selfesame substance whatsoeuer , which ( being primarily connected , or knit together of it owne proper beginning , Elements , substantiall , and integrall parts , causes , and qualities ) is essentially combined in it owne proper nature and substance , For a composition is nothing else but the connexion of formes in a naturall bodie : by which connexion , that selfesame naturall body doth essentially cohere and consist in the proper proportion of parts and accidents . Now then , that thing which corrupteth and destroyeth the proportionable connexion of such a compounded body , must needs become very pernicious vnto the body . Capn. I begin now to perceiue the pregnancie of your last proposition . Howbeit , I do flatly denie your Assumption : namely , that that which vndoeth the naturall proportion of the Elements in bodies mixt , doth vndoubtedly corrupt and destroy things naturally compounded . Hydr. The same is approued by the ioynt authorities b of Hippocrates and Galene ; as also by c Aristotle himselfe , in that the forenamed Treatise . Wherein the excellent Philosopher ( defining procreation to be properly effected by the due proportion of Elements ) doth manifestly notifie vnto vs : that death and destruction is nothing else but the dissolution of that selfesame proportion , or ( at the least ) that this dissolution is the very cause or way to such destruction . Capn. Well , be it so . But proue the Assumption put downe in your former propounded argument : namely , that the smoke of Tobacco dissolueth the naturall proportion of Elements , in bodies compounded and mixt . Hydr. The same is apparently euident by this following argument . Whatsoeuer augmenteth the iust proportion and measure of heate and drinesse limited by nature , that dissolueth the naturall proportion of the Elements in bodies compounded and mixt . But the fume of Tobacco taken inward , augmenteth the iust proportion and measure of heate and drinesse limited by nature . Therefore the fume of Tobacco taken inward dissolueth the proportion of the Elements in bodies compounded or mixt . Capn. Proue your Proposition , I pray you Sir. Hydr. Why man , the proposition is manifest enough of it selfe : so as all men ( but naturall sots ) may sensibly conceiue the same . For as well augmentation as diminution vndoeth the due measure of heate and drinesse limited by nature her selfe : and so consequently , dissolueth the proportion of the Elements in bodies compounded and mixt . Capn. Go to then , make good your Assumption : namely , that the fume of Tobacco taken inward , augmenteth the proportion and measure of heate and drinesse limited by nature . Hydr. I will conuince the same to be true , by this subsequent syllogisme . A more vehement heate and drought added to a lesse , augmenteth the proportion and measure of the lesse . But the smoke of Tobacco is more vehemently hot and dry , then the naturall heate and drought of mans body . Therefore the smoke of Tobacco augmenteth the heate and drinesse of mans body aboue the naturall proportion thereof . Capn. Make plaine your Proposition I pray you . Hydr. The same is plaine enough of it owne proper nature : being moreouer confirmed by the ioynt authorities of Hippocrates , Galene , and Aristotle , as also by common sense . For who can denie that a greater quantity added to a lesse , increaseth the iust proportion of the lesse ? Capn. You say very true . But yet for all that , I suspect the soundnesse of your Assumption : namely , that the smoke of Tobacco is more vehemently hot and drie then the naturall heate and drought of mans bodie . Hydr. Some man ( peraduenture ) will not beleeue that to be true : but ( being more fully confirmed by this following argument ) the truth thereof will appeare vnto any how vnlearned soeuer . That which the Physitions ( in respect of mans temperature ) do call hot and drie in the second degree , that ( I meane ) which exceedeth the due temperature of mans body by two degrees , and which ( by adustion and b●rning ) obtaineth a more vehement force from both ▪ that same is more vehemently hot and drie then the naturall proportion of mans bodie by much . But the smoke of Tobacco exceedeth in heate and drinesse the due temperature of mans body by two degrees , and ( by adustion and burning ) obtaineth a more vehement force from both . Therefore the smoke of Tobacco is more vehemently hot and drie , then the naturall proportion of mans body by much . Capn. I denie your argument . Hydr. Why man ? the proposition thereof very reason it selfe doth ratifie ; and all sorts of learned Physitions do ioyntly subscribe to the same . Capn. Go to then , make your Assumption : namely , that the smoke of Tobacco exceedeth in heate and ●rinesse , the due temperature of mans bodie , by two degrées . Hydr. That is sufficiently mainta●ned and vpholden by the authenticall authoritie of Theuittus a French Monke ; of Monardus a Spaniard ; of Gesne●us a Germane ; of Wicke●●s ; Clusius ; and other new writers ; who do all ioyntly affirme Tobacco to be hot and drie in the second degree . Capn. Be it supposed , that those men do hit on the sooth , by telling vs ioyntly that Tobacco is hot and drie in the second degree . What then ? doth it necessarily follow thereof , that therefore , the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , exceedeth the due temperature of heate and drought in our bodies by two degrees at least ? Hydr. Yea , that ( be thou sure ) must necessarily follow . For sith heate and drinesse c be primarie sensible qualities , and that all primarie sensible qualities are the primary vertues of Elements concurring ioyntly together in the due composition of bodies naturally compounded ; it cannot possibly be , but as that which diminisheth the due proportion of heate and drought in bodies compounded , is colder by two degrees at the least , then if the naturall heate & drought of such compounded bodies : so surely , that which augmenteth the due proportion of naturall heate and drought in such compounded bodies , it must needs be hotter and drier then the naturall heate and drought of those selfesame bodies , by two degrees at the least . But now , that the heate and drought of this thy Tobacco smoke surmounteth the due temperature of heate and drought in the bodies of men , let our tipling Tobacconists tell thee the truth hereof in their proper experience ; who ( by reason of the excessiue scorching and burning flames of their inward taken Tobacco fumes ) are enforced eftsoones to asswage the vehemencie and outrage of that excessiue heate , by an excessiue swilling in of wines , of ale , or of beere at the least . Seeing then this inward taking of Tobacco smoke dissolueth the due proportion of Elements in a body compounded or mixt ; seeing it corrupteth things naturally mixt in such a compounded bodie ; seeing it augmenteth that due proportion of heate and drought which nature her selfe hath iustly limited to such a compounded bodie : it is more then apparently manifest , that the same surmounteth the naturall heate and drought of our bodies , by two degrees at the least . And therefore , who seeth not now by this our second assault , but that the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , is very pernicious vnto the body ? Capn. Good Sir ; how confidently soeuer you séeme to conclude your selfe : that ( be you well assured ) which you haue hitherto said will be deemed as good as nothing , among those our gallant Tobacconists who make the very smoke of Tobacco their smoking glory . Hydr. It may be true as thou sayest ; especially among such as do make d their glorie their shame , minding nothing at all but earthly things . Neither do I much maruell at this their bewitched blindnesse . For how is it possible that they whom this smokie fume hath made so fantasticall ( I will not say so senslesse in iudgement ) should euer be able to determine substantially concerning this matter ? And therefore , sith this their seducing Tobacco smoke is such an intoxicating Circes , a monster of so many heads , and hath taken withall so deepe roote in those our besotted Tobacconists minds , as it will be found but an Herculean labour to eradicate and roote out the same from a soile so suting vnto it : I hold it euery way a very good course , yet still to bend moe engines about it , and euen to pull vp ( if possibly it may be ) all the farre spread sprouts and riotous springs thereof . Capn. Undertake what exploit you please to supplant the same : for neither they , nor I do craue any fauour herein . Hydr. Go to then , let this which followeth now , and which also ( in such gallant brauerie against those gallant Tobacconists here marcheth on gallantly towards the very forefront of the battell it selfe , be entertained afresh for a third encounter against the inward taking of Tobacco fumes . That which maketh the cleare , sweete , and holsome spirits to become obscure , stinking , and vnholsome , is very pernicious vnto the body . But the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , maketh the cleare , sweete , and holsome spirits to become obscure , stinking , and vnholsome . Therefore , the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , is very pernicious vnto the body . Capn. Pardon me Sir , though I do absolutely deny this Argument . Hydr. Oh nay Capnistus , beware of such an absurd and senslesse deniall . For as the Argument it selfe is absolutely sound in moode and figure , so surely , either of both propositions may thus be easily proued . Whatsoeuer infecteth the instruments of both bodie and mind , that same doth most perniciously procure the destruction of the bodie . But that which maketh the cleare , sweete and holsome spirits to become obscure , stinking , and vnholsome , infecteth the instruments of both bodie and mind . Therefore , that which maketh the cleare , sweete , and holsome spirits , to become obscure , stinking , and vnholsome , that same doth most perniciously procure the destruction of the body . Capn. I do not as yet conceiue the soundnesse of your first proposition : namely , that that which infecteth the instruments of both bodie and mind , doth most perniciously procure the destruction of the body . Hydr. The soundnesse thereof is hereby apparent : namely ; for that no one action of life can be exercised without the mind and body . But neither body nor mind may possibly performe their dutie that way without their proper instruments . Howbeit , the instruments of both , they are the spirits : the clearenesse , sweetnesse , and holsomnesie of which said spirits being made obscure , stinking , and vnwholsome : how should either bodie or minde be able to exercise any one action of life in good order ? Capn. Uery true as you say . But how are you able to proue your second Proposition : namely , that the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , doth so infect , and corrupt the spirits ? Hydr. The same may very plainly be proued by this following argument . Whatsoeuer infecteth and defileth the whole bodie with a blacke , filthie , and smokie colour , that same doth make the cleare , sweete , and wholsome spirits to become obscure , stinking and vnwholsome . But the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , infecteth , and defileth the whole bodie with a blacke , filthie , and smokie colour . Therefore the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , doth make the cleare , sweete , and wholsome spirits to become obscure , stinking and vnholsome . Capn. Howsoeuer amazed herein , at all aduentures I denie your argument . Hydr. Thine amazednesse ( it seemes ) hath made thee at all aduentures to bewray thy palpable ignorance in denying the argument . For the first Proposition thereof is such , and so sound , as no man of sound iudgement will once dare to denie : it being ( euen in common sense ) no lesse apparently euident then the Sun-shine at mid-day . For must not that which infecteth and defileth the whole body with a blacke , filthie , and smokie colour , euen necessarily make the cleare , sweet , and wholsome spirits to become obscure , stinking , and vnwholsome ? What one man ( being well in his wits may not plainly perceiue the apparent necessitie and truth of such a consequent ? Capn. But how proue you the second Proposition : namely , that the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , infecteth and defileth the whole body with a blacke , filthie , and smokie colour ? Hydr. That is fully ratified by the authoritie of Aristotle in his former Treatise ; where ( as I haue eftsoones told thee before ) he affirmeth e all sorts of smoke ( and therefore the smoke of Tobacco ) to infect with a blacke colour : the same also auoucheth Galene in sundry places . And ( besides their two approued testimonies ) that which I haue heard eftsoones very credibly reported by many ; as also , that whereof my selfe was once an eye-witnesse , namely , an approued experience in the opening of sundry mens bodies , which ( being fearefully strangled vp with this poysonsome smoke ) very sodainly died ) doth apparently prooue the truth of this proposition : for so much as those dead bodies ( being so cut vp ) were euery of them found strangely infected with a certa●ne blacke and smokie colour . Seeing therefore the inward taking of Tobacco smoke doth make the cleare , sweete and holsome spirits obscure , stink●ng and vnholsome ; sith it infecteth all the instruments of the bodie and mind ; briefly ▪ seeing it corrupteth and defileth the whole body with a blacke , filthie , and smokie colour : who can ( without blushing ) denie , but that the taking of Tobacco inwardly , is very pernicious vnto the bodie ? Capn. Howsoeuer my selfe be vnable with sway of argument to denie the same : yet be you well assured of this , that you shall find ten thousand Tobacconists flat opposite to you . Hydr. That may very well be , For so one onely Michaiah f did find foure hundred opposite to that which he spake from the mouth of the Lord : and yet , their exceeding great multitude was no manner of preiudice to the truth which he taught . Howbeit , that I may here ( as much as possiblie lieth in my power ) take away whatsoeuer occasion of either gainsaying or doubting , and that the truth of this matter might be made to appeare as manifest as the Sunne in his strength : I haue euen purposely placed this following argument in the rereward of the battell , as an armour of proofe , to giue a fresh encounter against Tobacco fumes . Capn. Discharge your vttermost force , and spare not . Hydr. Well then , stand strongly vpon thy guard : for this it is . Whatsoeuer spreadeth and disperseth throughout the whole bodie a most venimous matter , and a mortall enemie to the nature of man , that same doth bring destruction vnto the bodie . But the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , spreadeth and disperseth throughout the whole body a most venimous matter , and a mortall enemie to the nature of man. Therefore , the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , doth bring destruction vnto the body . Capn. I perceiue not the truth of your first Proposition . Hydr. How true that is , we may plainly perceiue by the pestilence , and sundrie such other infectious diseases . All which ( by the dispersing and spreading of a venimous matter , and a mortall enemie to mans nature throughout the whole body ) do procure the present destruction of men by many great multitudes , as daily experience approueth . Capn. Well , be it so as you say : but how appeareth the truth of your second Proposition ? Namely , that the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , doth spread and disperse throughout the whole body , a venimous matter , and a mortall enemie to the nature of man ? Hydr. The truth thereof doth sound forth it selfe throughout euerie coast , by the sodaine and lamentable end of many Tobacconists ; more especially , by a pitifull experience in Parson Digbie at Peterborough of late : who ( hauing excessiuely taken Tobacco in a tippling house ) did instantly fall downe starke dead in the open streets . All which examples ( being no lesse true then wofull ) as they may serue for a terrour to all : so especially , these our insatiable suckers in of Tobacco smoke , should conscionably apply to themselues , and be warned thereby . Notwithstanding , this fantasticall course ( I know not how ) is now growne into such a foole-hardie custome among vs , as other mens harmes cannot make vs beware : neither yet are bare examples of sufficient force to suppresse and abolish this idle opinion from out of our idle braines . Capn. What Sir , would you haue men so precizely , so certainely , and so confidently conclude conceipts from euery vncertaine and sodaine occurrent ? So should we be sure , eftsoones to conclude many strange , extrauagant , and vncertaine conclusions . Men must liue ( you know ) by infallible rules : not by fantasticall , and fickle examples . Neither haue you your selfe any one authenticall rule , to conclude so certainely , from such an vncertaine example as you vrged euen now . For what kind of sequele call you this ? Namely , such a man died instantly after his insatiable taking of Tobacco fumes : therefore , his insatiable taking of Tobacco fumes was the vndoubted cause of that his so sodaine a death . Hydr. It followeth as fitly as this : Such a man died instantly vpon his carelesse entertaining of one dangerously sicke of the pestilentiall infection● therefore , his carelesse entertaining of one so dangerously sicke of the pestilentiall infection , was the vndoubted cause of that his so sodaine a death . Capn. Nay Sir , the pestilence , and Tobacco , as they are not of one and the selfe same mortall condition : so they worke not one and the selfe same mortall infection . For the pestilence , and sundry such other infectious diseases , they containe in them essentially some contagious and venimous matter , which ( dispersing it selfe presently throughout all the parts of the body ) will vndoubtedly procure the present destruction of that selfe same bodie : whereas you haue not hitherto proued , that there is in Tobacco it selfe any such infectious or venimous matter . Hydr. Well then , thus much thou doest grant by the way : that the perill by conuersing with pestilentiall persons , must necessarily arise from some infectious or venimous matter proceeding from those pestilentiall diseases , and dispersing it selfe presently throughout the whole bodie . Capn. Sir , if I should denie that to be true , experience it selfe would proue me a foole . Hydr. And doest thou fondly imagine , that experience will proue thee a wise-man , if thou deniest the truth of the other ? For tell me ( I pray thee ) must not the present destruction of so many Tobacconists , euen as necessarily also arise of some infectious or venimous matter proceeding from such inward taking of Tobacco fumes , and presently dispersing it selfe throughout the whole bodie ? Capn. Good Sir , this sequele is yet in dispute : and you take it as granted . Hydr. I scorne such a grant at any mans hand : especially in this so euident , and so cleare a cause . And therefore , I will here vndertake afresh to conuince ( if possibly I may ) by sound and substantiall reasons , that which I cannot perswade by sundry examples , how lamentable and pregnant soeuer . Thou hauing therfore so freely granted , that the thing which thus sodainly surpriseth the life of mens bodies , must necessarily haue in it some infectious or venimous matter , dispersing it selfe presently throughout the whole bodie : why should not the Assumption it selfe ( established especially vpon so certaine a ground ) be able to stand inuincibly against whatsoeuer assaults of fantasticall and idle companions ? Capn. Well , go to then , proue your Assumption : namely , that this insatiable swallowing vp of Tobacco smoke doth spread and disperse throughout the whole bodie a venimous matter , and a mortall enemie to the nature of man. Hydr. That may soundly be proued by this subsequent syllogisme . Whatsoeuer sodainly ouerthroweth both the faculties of mind , and strength of bodie , that doth vndoubtedly spread and disperse throughout the whole bodie , a venimous matter repugnant to nature . But the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , sodainly ouerthoweth both the faculties of mind , and strength of bodie . Therefore , the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , doth vndoubtedly spread and disperse throughout the whole bodie , a venimous matter repugnant to nature . Capn. Sir , I do absolutely denie your Argument . Hydr. In so doing ( Capnistus ) thou declarest the selfe an absolute Asse . For this know thou assuredly , that a common axiome among Physitions conuinceth the Proposition to be certainly true : namely , that nothing can sodainly confound and ouerthrow both faculties of mind , and strength of bodie , & so either leaue none at all , or a depraued motion in both , but the same hath some infectious & venimous quality wherewith it possesseth the bodie . And thereupon it is , that all Physitions ( with one consent ) do ioyntly affirme that the falling sickenesse ariseth of a venimous aire possessing the braine . Capn. But how holds your Assumption currant and good : namely , that the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , doth sodainly ouerthrow both faculties of mind , & strength of bodie ? Hydr. Surely Capnistus , the daily experience of such as vsually drinke that selfe same smoke , doth easily confirme the truth of this matter . For what one is he among our tippling Tobacconists , that doth not ( alas ) euen presently perceiue a certaine whirling about of the braine , and find himselfe very fearfully possessed with a certaine kind of giddinesse immediatly after the taking thereof ? Or ( if not so ) that suffreth not at the least , a maruellous perturbation , and a dangerous disturbance of nature ? Notwithstanding ( besides this their proper experience ) I will yet further maintaine , and defend this point , by the approued authoritie and fortresse of sundry late writers ( as it were with a wall , or rampire ) against the violent assaults of all sorts of gaine-sayers how gallant soeuer . Capn. Go to then , muster forth now your surest men for the field : and make them march forewards in battle-aray . Hydr. Content . Amongst whom I will make Dodonaeus and Metellus the first in that ranke : who do recken Tobacco among the sundry sorts of Henbane . Capn. What inferre you hereof ? Hydr. The firme , and infallible proofe of that which I affirmed before : namely , that there is in the fume of Tobacco inwardly taken , some venimous matter , which so dainly ouerthroweth the faculties of mind , and strength of body . For whereas Dodonaeus and Metellus do so skilfully sort Tobacco among the sundrie kinds of Henbane , it is apparently manifest ( from out of Dioscorides his approued iudgement ) that all kind of Henbane is venimous , as an enemie disturbing nature , disordering reason , assailing the braine , which is the Metropolitane ouer the whole body , & the very tower of the heart ; yea and procuring a certaine madnesse withall for the present . Capn. Dodonaeus , Metellus , and Dioscorides they onely say so : as for the truth of their spéech , that we must take at their hands vpon trust : for they onely say so , but shew no one reason at all . Howbeit Sir , our Tobacconists ( be you sure ) they hold not those men of Pythagoras authoritie : neither will they be brought to conclude on this sort ; Dodonaeus , Metellus , and Dioscorides do ioyntly auouch , that all kind of Henbane is of a poysonsome and venimous nature , and therefore it is certainly so indéed . Hydr. Why Capnistus , hast thou not a more reuerend regard of that the accustomed and ancient axiome , which telleth plainly , That euery g expert and skilfull Artist must be beleeued in his proper profession ? Notwithstanding ( because thou makest no more accompt of those their authenticall iudgements ) thou shalt heare further , what Gesnerus h auoucheth from his proper experience : who ( hauing experimented the true operation of Tobacco in his owne proper bodie ) giueth a iudicious censure concerning the nature thereof , in an Epistle to Iohn Functius , that renowned , and learned Physition . Capn. What is his censure thereof ( Sir ) I pray you ? Hydr. I will put downe the same in his owne proper words : without either adding , or taking therefrom . The leafe ( saith he ) which was sent out of France to Augusta , seemed most strange vnto me , and a very plaine noueltie . Wherefore , I was very desirous to taste therof : but presently I perceiued a maruellous sharpnesse therein , and it did most strangely affect me . So as , me thought verily I was starke drunke ; and ( as it were ) sayling downe a Riuer in some staggering ship : yea and trying the same againe and againe some three or foure times , I eftsoones found the selfesame effect . Wherefore , washing my mouth , and drinking vp a spoonefull of vineger : I forthwith put away the giddinesse of my head . Moreouer , I gaue a peece of the leafe ( bruised and wrapped in flesh ) vnto a dog : which ( presently after some few houres ) did cause him to vomit abundantly . Verily ( whatsoeuer it is ) I suppose , it cannot possibly be without some secret venime . Thus much Gesnerus concerning the vertue and force of Tobacco in his proper experience . Capn. This ( I confesse ) is something to our present purpose in hand : but Sir , one Swallow ( you know ) maketh no sommer . Hydr. Well then , let vs adde to Gesnerus experience , that which Theuittus in his description of West India ; as also that which Monardus , Clusius , and Weckerus do ioyntly remember thereof . Namely , that the Priests and other the common people of the Indians do vse to sucke vp the fume of Tobacco through a pipe or conduite , either when ( as being asked ) they giue answers concerning the successe of businesse , or when they are desirous to see visions ; and ( as it were ) to be rapt from themselues in a trance : or being to enter into the dangers of battell . Which said disturbance of mind and soule , by no meanes can be so sodainly wrought in mans body ; without the force and efficacie of some venimous quality concurring therewith . Capn. Not so Sir , for then should the force thereof be generally perceiued in all men alike . Howbeit , this swimming of the head is not generally in all : and in them whom it so strangely possesseth , the same may séeme rather to procéede of a certaine thinne humour sodainly turned into wind , and of a whirling about of that aire so sodainly changed , then of any other supposed quality in the smoke it selfe , as being venimous , and a mortall enemie to the nature of man. Hydr. This peraduenture ( in a simple swimming , and such as is eftsoones felt at some other time else ) might seeme to carrie some shew of truth : but in this sodaine darknesse and falling into trances vpon the onely taking of Tobacco , and at none other time else ; and wherein all the senses , and the whole braine is so sodainly ouerwhelmed with an obscure and cloudie smoke , it cannot possibly haue any place at all , but by the operation of some venimous matter concurring therewith . For such a swimming ( for the most part ) is the vndoubted forerunner of the falling euill : and impresseth such a sensible weaknesse in the braine , as may not possibly be cured , nor ordinarily helped by any medicine at all . Capn. Why Sir , not all that drinke of this smoke do feéele such a smming ? Hydr. That is nothing at all to the purpose . For the pestilence and such other infectious venimes they do not forthwith destroy all whom they possesse , nor infect euery one indifferently : which notwithstanding , haue in them naturally a power of killing and slaying . And therefore , whereas all men are not equally affected with y e selfesame swimming , that ought rather to be attributed to the benefit of nature , and sound constitution of the braine , then vnto any defectiue poysonsome qualitie in the smoke it selfe , which is euermore venimous , and a mortall enemie to the nature of man. Capn. But Sir , the vse of Tobacco is very profitable for such as are affected with shortnesse of breath , and with stopping of the lungs by reason of grosse humours ouergrowing the same . Hydr. What vse of Tobacco is profitable for those diseases ? The scorching smoke thereof drawne or sucked into the body by a Tobacco pipe ? Nothing lesse , be thou sure . For so the lungs themselues being made hard and stiffe ( as in old age it commonly cometh to passe ) by reason of the extreme force of the fume in drying , so as they cannot be fanned , nor lifted vp any longer , the naturall heate is choaked vp quite for want of breathing . And there is much difference betwixt the smoke of the earthie and stinking fume of a burnt hearbe , and the airie iuyce of the said hearbe drawne forth by infusion , by steeping , by boyling , or seething . Indeed , the broath of Tobacco , or a sirupe made of the infusion thereof , doth somewhat helpe the stopping of the lungs , but not the smoke . Capn. And yet for all this , the smoke of Tobacco disburdeneth the braine from this sinke of humours : and purgeth the bloud from filthie and vnwholsome matter . Hydr. Yea marrie Sir , a very trimme purgation ( no doubt ) that draweth so forth from the bodie and braine such a thinne , subtile and waterish matter , as ( it may be ) nature her selfe had proportionably appointed to both for the better and more easie conueyance of the bloud it selfe throughout the whole bodie : and ( in stead thereof ) placeth grosse humours in the braine and all the rest of the members ; and whereby a certaine curdled matter is increased , and this same smokie stinking fume setled in the roome thereof . Capn. But Sir , the fume of Tobacco fréeth the spirits from those burdensome humours , as it were from fetters : and so maketh them more prompt and nimble by much . Hydr. And doth it so indeed ? When rather the spirits ( whom nature hath ordained to be cleare and bright , both for the discoursing of reason , as also for the ministerie of the senses themselues ) by this filthie fume-drinking are made obscure and darke , and the braine , and whole bodie infected with a smokie blacke colour ? yea , and when in stead of that same drie clearenesse & light which Heraclitus , and ( with him ) all , both Philosophers and Physitions of any sound iudgement do accompt the principall and purest soule , those fume-drinkers do substitute and thrust in their appointed place , most palpably obscured and darkened spirits ? In which their so preposterous a purging of the braine it selfe , they do both confound the orderly works of nature , and euen quite ouerthrow the infallible precepts and rules prescribed by Physitions : who are the appointed ministers of nature her selfe for the orderly preseruation of the body in health . Who all ioyntly with one vniforme assent do affirme ; that a cloudy and obscure aire , or such as proceedeth from hollow and fennie places , is very vnwholsome for the bodies of men . Which their canonicall iudgment those our fume-deuourers do neuer obserue , vntill ( with an extreme hazard of life ) they do find ( by their miserable and wofull experience ) how pernicious a thing it is . Neither , without an exceeding great cause were chimnies ( by our Ancestors formerly inuented , that thereby , the smoke ( drawne by a vehement heate of the fire from matter apt to burning ) might be dispersed abroad in the aire , for feare of hurting the bodies of men . Capn. Why Sir ? there are many sorts of fumes inuented and taught by the Physitions themselues , as well for the strengthning of diuerse parts , as also for the curing of hard diseases . Hydr. There are so ( I confesse , ) but what dost thou conclude from the same ? That therefore the smoke of Tobacco sucked vp by a pipe or conduite , is exceeding wholsome for the bodies of men ? Alas sillie soules , who may not plainly perceiue a flat fallacion in this their consequence ? For almost all sorts of fumes are vsed by expert Physitions , to recreate and comfort the spirits by their odoriferous smels , rather then to draw any thing out of the bodie by such scorching fumes as do heate and drie . Yea and that sweete kind of refreshing the spirits was instituted first by nature her selfe , who telleth vs directly and truly that i sweete oyntments and perfumes reioyce the heart . And as this was dame natures owne institution , so was the primarie practise thereof set first afloate by learned Hippocrates , the prime interpreter of natures purpose therein . Whereas these filthie scorching Tobacco smokes , do nothing else but daunt and drie vp the spirits : a thing flat opposite to natures institution , and the witles inuention of vicious and wild dispositions . Capn. Not so Sir , for some stinking fumes are also applied by Physitions themselues in the suffocation of the matrixe , or rising of the mother : and this also with laudable and happie successe . Hydr. Very true as thou sayest . Howbeit , those stinking fumes they are not so applied by expert Physitions with any purpose or mind to cure the disease , but for this end rather : Namely , that nature her selfe , and the naturall heate so sodainly surprised by reason of those stinking fumes which they naturally abhorre , might be the sooner prouoked to gather their naturall strength and vigour afresh , and thereby disperse and expell that venimous aire wherewith the matrixe it selfe being stuffed , did so dainly arise and ascend vpward . Capn. But ouer and besides the suffocation of the matrixe ( namely , in the consumption of the lungs , as also in y e French pore ) certaine fumes of Cynoper , red Arsnicke , quick-siluer , Orpiment , and other venimous things are admitted and vsed of sundrie late writers in Physicke , as Fallopius and others . Hydr. They are so I confesse . Howbeit , warily , sparingly , and in very small quantitie : yea and this also not without a considerate , and proportionable mixture of some other things else to correct and alay the force of their venimous qualities . And that moreouer the operation thereof in drying onely ( which agreeth with nature ) might be communicated to the bodie it selfe : and yet ( notwithstanding all this ) the learned ( for their parts ) haue euermore had a very vehement suspition of this kind of curing . And ( in the consumption of the lungs especially ) I see that Galene mislikes those fumes : and approueth rather of a sweete bath , or hot-house . And certainly , Fallopius himselfe doth not altogether approue of those fumes . And for learned Fernellius , he vtterly misliketh of them : in so much as ( in the cure of the French-poxe ) he will not admit any ointment compounded of quick-siluer . And verily , if Galene durst not so much as taste of the herbe Lycoporsium , because onely it but smelt somewhat strong : shall those our smoke-deuourers thus dare , not onely to taste , but also to entertaine into the secret and most inward parts of their bodies , yea euen into the very treasury of nature it selfe , such an infectious , venimous , and most deadly consuming poyson ? Capn. But be it Sir , there were ( as you say ) in this Tobacco smoke some certaine contagious venime : our artificiall Tobacconists they can very skilfully correct , and allay that selfesame venimous qualitie with the powder of a Nutmeg , and two or thrée drops of the Chymicall oyle of Anise , compounded and blended with the pouder of Tobacco it selfe , or euer the same be inwardly taken . Hydr. Our artificiall Tobacconists sayest thou ? Nay rather , our Seraphicall smokie Asies . Who ( by this their skilfull vnskilfull mingle-mangle ) do shew themselues such soddenheadded sots as blend Sugar-candie with rats-bane . Of very purpose forsooth , that ( howsoeuer the rats-bane it selfe be mortally dangerous ) it might by the sweet taste , be made to passe more pleasantly downe , and thereby also more vnperceiueably conuey the venimous poyson it selfe into the inward parts , and so more powerfully surprise the vitall spirits . And ( yet for all this ) these fantasticall fellowes , they must ( by thy calculation ) be accompted forsooth our artificiall Tobacconists . Well then , be it so for this once ; and now do tell me withall , whether thou thy selfe by the very purport of thine owne proper speech , doest not couertly confesse the inward taking of Tobacco smoke to be very pernicious vnto the body , except the same be consideratly and skilfully corrected before . But what a strange and monstrous kind of correction is this that thou speakest of ? What man ? When the very smoke of Tobacco it selfe is a mortall enemie to the natu●e of the bodie , may the grosse muddie smoke of those oylie matters commixed with that former poysonsome fume , be possibly made either good or wholsome ? What is this else , but to adde fire vnto fire ? and ( in stead of suppressing ) to set that scorching flame yet further afloate ? That so ( with an ouer hastie and vntimely death ) they may the more speedily consume and scorch vp their vitall spirits and radicall humours . Capn. Well Sir. And yet for all that , if this smoke of Tobacco were taken but once in a wéeke , peraduenture it might do much good in resoluing the excremental humours onely ; as also in expelling them out of the bodie , and yet not consume the naturall moisture thereof . Hydr. Doest thou place the preseruation of mens health vpō blind peraduentures ? Surely , a wise man should be without all peraduenture , before he aduenture to take any thing inwardly into his body : or else he may peraduenture but play the part of a foole . And yet this I confesse withall , y t the taking of Tobacco but once in a weeke would do y e lesse hurt , though it would ( notwithstanding ) do very much hurt , by working such an imbecillitie and weakenesse in the braine it selfe , as would make it much more apt to entertaine sundry other excrementall humours afresh : and by procuring the said braine withall ( by reason of the excessiue heate and drines thereof ) to draw and sucke vp from the lower parts , some such excrementall humours as were not to be expelled that way . And verily , if our common prouerbe be true in any one thing , it is infallible , and most certaine in this so seldome a sucking vp of Tobacco smoke : namely , That a little can do no harme at all , if the same be not taken . Capn. But Sir ? what spéedier course may possibly be inuented for purging those excrementall humours out of the bodie , then by drinking this smoke ? Hydr. What Capnistus ? And must we ( in very deede ) be inforced to borrow from the furthermost parts of India this stinking , infectious and venimous smoke , to expell that masse or sinke of humours from out of the body : when we haue here at home that selfesame method of curing ( whether by pilles , by medicines to be chewed in the mouth , or put into the nose , or by sweating ) which was formerly deriued from the ancient , & most famous Physical fountaines of the world ? Or ( if that do not like thee so well ) thou maist then ( by the meere benefit of nature it selfe ) very easily dispatch thy selfe from all such corruptions , if thou diligently and religiously obserue that golden meane which Hippocrates perswades , and prescribes in thy labour , thy meate , thy drinke , thy sleepe , and thy lust . For as in domesticall and household affaires , parsimonie or sparing is worth a great stipend : so surely , from the very manner of thy conuersation and cariage , thou mayest receiue a very rich benefite , as well for retaining thy strength , as for preseruing thy health . And herein I will giue to thy selfe , and all our Tobacconists this onely precept : which if thou and they do conscionably and carefully obserue as you ought , you may easily and a long time preserue your bodilie healths healths in good estate . The precept for that purpose is this : Do not lift vp your hands so oft to your mouths : for , an insatiable swilling downe of wine , ale , and beere , as also this inordinate sucking vp of filthie Tobacco smoke , do euen band and bend themselues ioyntly together , to breede , hatch , and nourish this filthie foule channell or sinke of corruptions . Saint Bernard is reported to haue sharply accused himselfe , for that ( whiles he went about with ouermuch abstinence ) to keepe his bodie vnder , by corrupting the vigour and temperature of that his said bodie , he did ( after a sort ) defraud the functions of his mind , of their appointed organe or instrument . For vnderstanding at length , that he ought not to liue priuately to himselfe alone , but also to the publicke benefite of others , by instructing , exhorting , and comforting them : and perceiuing withall that those publicke duties of pietie required the ministery of the bodie it selfe , he found by experience at length , that a man ought so far foorth to make much of his bodie , or otherwise to keepe the same vnder : as ( in the meane time ) the powers and operations of the mind be neither choked with pleasures , nor dulled by too much austeritie . Now then , if so grieuous a pricke of conscience did euen sting that holy man Bernard , because he but made his bodie too too leane and withered with godly exercises , what punishment ( thinkest thou ) are those men to expect and looke hourely for from the hands of our God , who ( by vnseasonable swilling and riotous fumes ) do most prodigally consume and so riotously weaken and waste the very treasurie of nature it selfe ? I for my owne part will put downe no censure vpon them : but ( with all my heart ) I will beseech the Almightie to giue them farre better minds . Lo , this is the very worst I wish vnto them , and this is the best I can do for them . Capn. As your prayer is most charitable : euen so are your earnest perswasions with me so auaileable , as I am vtterly vnable any further to gainesay your spéeches herein . Hydr. k Great is the truth I perceiue , and will euer preuaile . Well then , seeing therefore the smoke of Tobacco consumeth the naturall heate ; sith it drieth vp that radicall moisture which is the very fountaine of that selfesame heate ; sith by corrupting the due proportion of the Elements , it dissolueth the primarie composition of the whole bodie it selfe ; sith by the sharpenesse thereof ( which partly it hath by nature , & partly doth draw from the burning ) it euen gnaweth and fretteth the members of the bodie ; seeing it causeth the cleare , sweete and wholsome spirits of the bodie to become obscure , stinking , and vnwholsome ; seeing it disperseth throughout the whole bodie a venimous aire , and repugnant to nature , assayling the head , heart , and life ; finally , for so much as it bringeth all these incommodities to mans naturall life , without any one hope of profite at all to the same : let nature her selfe , and the iudgement of sound reason both say and affirme for me , that the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , is very pernicious vnto the bodie . Capn. Alas poore Tobacco , my pretie Tobacco ; thou that hast bene hitherto accompted the Ale-knights armes , the Béere brewers badge , the Carousers crest , the Drunkards darling , the Draffe-sackes delight , the Easterlings ensigne , the Fantasticals foretresse , the Gormandizers glorie , the hungry Hostesses alepole , the Mad-braines merriment , the New-fangles noueltie , the Poope noddies paramour , the Ruffians reflection , the Swil bols swine-troffe , the Linkers trull , the Tospots protection , the Vintners vintage , and the vnthrifts pasport : thou must now ( I feare me ) bee enforced forthwith to take thy farewell towards the vttermost parts of India , from whence thou wert first transported to England by vicious and wild dispositions , and there must make thy finall abode : hauing now ( I plainly perceiue ) the very head of man , the braines , the radicall humours , the vitall spirits , the wit , the memorie , the senses , all the naturall faculties , the whole body and soule , yea nature her selfe , and the sway of sound reason so strongly combined in one , to proue thy inward taken smoke , a very pernicious matter for the bodies of men . Hydr. It is euen certainly so as thou sayest . And therefore I pray thee perswade her Capnistus , with all her fierie fumes , and fumish fauourets , to be forthwith packing together apace , for feare of losing their tide : and so to be left in the lurch . Capn. I will ( from henceforth ) be readie to do mine vttermost endeuour therein . Howbeit good Sir , you do confidently auouch euen in the very forefront of your Tractate it selfe , that the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , is not onely very pernicious to the bodies of men , but too too proflu●ious for many Tobacconists purses ; and most pestiferous likewise to the publike state . Hydr. I did so confesse : and what thereof ? Capn. I desire in like manner to heare those points confirmed at large . Hydr. With all my heart , if thy leisure will giue thee leaue to attend thereupon : In the meane time , let vs walke forth a while to take the fresh aire , and then returne againe to our purpose intended . Capn. With all my heart . The end of the first part . Nulla valet tantum virtus patientia quantum . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . THE FVME OF TOBACCO TAKEN INWARD , IS too too profluuious for many of our Tobacconists purses , and most pernicious to the publike State. Capnistus . SIR , hauing hitherto proued the smoke of Tobacco taken inward , to be very pernicious vnto the bodie : you remember ( I am sure ) that you also affirmed the same too too profluuious for many of our Tobacconists purses , as also most pestiferous to the publike State. Hydrophorus . I did so indeed : and what then ? Capn. Do you aske me , what then ? why Sir , this is the reason of this my demand . Hauing hitherto sufficiently shewed the pernicious effects of Tobacco fumes , respecting especially the bodies of men : I pray you , proue now ( in like manner ) the profluuitie thereo● concerning their purses , and our publike State. For so shall you be sure to let all our Tobacconists bloud euen in the basilica veine it selfe : and to draw forth presently the very feces or dregs of any their preposterous affections towards those infectious filthie fumes . Hydr. In very deede , it is true as thou sayest . The purse-plague is much more respected now , with some sorts of people , then is either the plague of body or soule : they are so desperatly drenched in their dangerous delights . And therefore ( to effect this our pretended purpose the better ) we will herein obserue this following order . There shall first be propounded the purses profluuitie it selfe : and then secondly , there shall be resounded the consequent effects succeeding the same . Capn. A most excellent order , procéede ( Sir ) vnto it with spéede , I beséech you . Hydr. With very good will. Wherein first shall be shewed what this the purses profluuitie is : and then next , how such an insatiable sucking in of filthie Tobacco fumes , becommeth too too profluuious for the purse it selfe , and our present State. Capn. What meane you first , by the purses profluuity ? Hydr. By the purses profluuitie , I do not meane any frugall or commodious disbursing , but a prodigall or profluuious dispending of those worldly prefermen●s and blessings which the Lord God ( in his abundant mercies ) bestoweth on men for their necessary vses , not needlesse abuses : to the preposterous impouerishing of them and theirs , the dangerous infecting of others about them , and the pestiferous vndermining of the publike State. Capn. Sir , I do now vnderstand to the full , what you simply meane here , by the purses profluuity : and therefore , shew me next ( I beséech you ) how this our insatiable swilling in of filthie Tobacco fumes , becometh too too profluuious for our Tobacconists purses , and most pestiferous to the publike State. Hydr. Content . Wherein thou hast first to obserue , that Tobacco it selfe hath bene euermore held at an exceeding high price ; that those our tippling Tobacconists cannot ordinarily compasse the same without an excessiue reckoning ; that such an excessiue reckoning cannot possibly be performed without very chargeable cost ; that such chargeable cost cannot be freed from superfluous and riotous wasting ; that such superfluous wasting procureth a prodigall dispending of mens patrimonies with other worldly preferments ; that such a prodigal dispending of patrimonies with other worldly preferments , is ouer profluuious for our Tobacconists purses : and that this their purses profluuitie is most pestiferous to the publike State. Capn. This gradation ( I must néeds confesse ) doth giue to the Eagle-eied , and sharped-sighted sort , some glimmering shew concerning your purpose propounded : howbeit , that l the day-dawne and the day starre thereof may more clearely breake forth to the simplest mans view , I pray you discourse of these more at large . Hydr. I am not vnwilling therewith . First therefore for the exceeding high rate that this Tobacco hath euer bene at since the very first arriuall thereof into England , thou thy selfe , and all our Tobacconists , are able to say this of your owne proper knowledge : namely , that the same hath vsually bene sold by the pound , for twentie nobles , fiue , foure , or three pounds : yea and when it came to the lowest price , it could not bee had vnder foure markes or fortie shillings , which amounteth to three shillings foure pence an ounce at the least . Is not this ( thinkest thou ) an exceeding high rate for filthie Tobacco ? And is not twenty nobles , fiue , foure , or three pounds , yea fortie shillings , an excessiue great price for a pernicious poysonsome smoke ? And may such an excessiue great price be performed without a chargeable cost ? And c●n such chargeable cost be possibly freed from a superfluous or riotous waste ? And will not such a riotous waste procure ( in the end ) a prodigall dispending of patrimonies with other like worldly preferments ? And will not such prodigall dispending of patrimonies , become too too profluuious for our Tobacconists purses ? And will not such a profluuitie of purses , in the end proue very pestiferous to the publike State ? Speake man and spare not , what sayest thou to this demonstration ? Do not euery of these ( like the inseparable lincks of a deadly deuouring chaine ) very dangerously draw a publike calamitie vpon our countrey and kingdome ? Capn. Indéed Sir , I cannot but acknowledge the excéeding rate , the excessiue reckoning , as also the chargeable cost bestowed vpon Tobacco it selfe : but I sée not as yet , how th●se our professed Tobacconists will accompt that thing a superfluous or riotous cost , which ( as they verily suppose themselues ) doth worke their so excéeding much good . Hydr. It hath bene apparently proued , and thy selfe hath freely confessed in our former discourse , that the smoke of Tobacco is very pernicious vnto the bodie : and which way then doth it worke them so exceeding much good ? I am certaine it worketh a wonderfull strange consumption in euery of their purses at least . If therfore some odly conceited companion ( whose braines are filthily besotted with filthie Tobacco fumes ) should ouer idlely imagine , that that thing which vnnecessarily costeth both liuing and life , were no superfluous or riotous waste : must that his idle supposall be forthwith priuiledged for a currant conceipt among such as are soundly wise ? God forbid that any such peeuish perswasion should euer possesse the prudenter sort . For so should we m Set seruants on horseb●cke , and make Princes to plod by their sides as Pages : yea so s●ould the crew of some idlely conceited companions , bec●me the canonized counsellers to those that haue farre finer wits then themselues . Concerning therefore that former superfluous and riotous waste , which those Tobacconists do so wilfully make about their beastly Tobacco fumes , do tell me in good sadnesse , whether it be not a superfluous waste , for any man of great place , to paddle forth y●arely one hundred pounds at the least , for an hundred gallons of filthy fumes ? for a Gentleman of meaner condition , to be at fortie pound annuall expences , about bare fortie pottels of stinking flames ? for a Yeoman , an Husbandman , an Artificer , a Trades-man , a Tinker , a Shoomaker , or a Cobbler , to bestow weekely some three shillings fourepence at the least , for but one onely ounce of fantasticall fooleries ? What sayest thou Capnistus ? Is not this a very superfluous and riotous waste ? Do answer directly , either yea or no to the same . Capn. In very déed Sir , I must néeds acknowledge it a superfluous and riotous waste : yea and no better in effect then the fantasticall purchasing of vanitie it selfe . Hydr. Go to then . Can such a superfluous and riotous waste be possibly performed without a prodigall dispending of those our Tobacconists their patrimonies and worldly preferments ? or without a friuolous pursing vp of their annuall reuenewes and rents n in a bottomlesse bag ? Who seeth not then , but that their filthie Tobacco fumes ( being ordinarily at such an exceeding high rate , at such an excessiue reckoning , at such a chargeable cost , at such a superfluous-waste , and at such a prodigall dispending of patrimonies , with other like worldly preferments ) must needs become too too profluuious for any our Tobacconists purses , and very pestiferous to the publike State ? Capn. It is euen certainly so . And therefore Sir , ( hauing hitherto succinctly shewed the vndoubted profluuitie of the purse it selfe ) I pray you now likewise procéed to the orderly setting downe of those fearefull effects which successiuely follow thereof . Hydr. With a very good will. Wherein we haue to obserue , that those selfe same effects , they are such as more especially concerne the Tobacconists themselues : or some other besides . Capn. Very well . But what are those effects first which more properly concerne themselues . Hydr. They are all those accidentall occurrents which ( proceeding collaterally from those their Tobacco fumes ) do more especially respect the parties themselues , without any proper relation , or peculiar reference to any other man else besides themselues : being such withall as more especially concerne either their owne person , or their proper estate . Capn. What are those effects first , which more especially concerne their owne person ? Hydr. They are those dangerous diseases , and those desperate deaths , which ( by reason of such an insatiable sucking in of filthie Tobacco fumes ) do euen ordinarily attend ( like pursuiuants ) vpon their very bodies and soules . Namely , a fearefull consuming of the naturall heate ; an vnquenchable scorching and drying vp of the radicall moisture ; an vtter exhausting and sucking out of the corporall humours ; a most poysonsome corrupting of the due proportion of Elements appointed by nature ; a continuall f●etting and gnawing of all the bodily members ; a pernicious dissoluing of the primarie composition of the whole bodie it selfe ; a preposterous procuring of the cleare , sweete , and wholsome spirits , to become obscure , stinking and vnwholsome ; a most dangerous dispersing of a venimous ayre through out all parts of the bodie ; a violent assailing of the head , the braine , the heart , the whole body and life it selfe ; yea and eftsoones a most so daine and desperate death , as we haue more la●gely declared before . Lo Capnistus , euen these , and sundry such other occurrents , they are those proper effects which do vndoubtedly attend vpon the poore Tobacconists body , and as ordinarily follow his insatiable swilling in of filthie Tobacco fumes , as the shadow followes the bodie . And as his said bodie is therewith very dangerously infected , so surely that his honest reputation ( which should be vnto him o as a precious oyntment ) is thereby most shamefully blemished . Being pointed at by all sorts of people when he walketh abroad in the open streets , and too too reprochfully termed a tippling Tobacconist , a swaggering swil smoke , a sodden headed Asse , a fantasticall foole , a proper tale stripling to play at Poope-noddie , a man of a wonderfull wit ( forsooth ) cōcerning those our newly deuised chymicall extractions : being sufficiently able ( in very short time ) to turne a shilling to nine-pence , one that hath a meruellous dexteritie in augmenting his patrimonie by a plaine retrogradation , beginning directly where his ancestors ended , and neuer giuing ouer before he come where they first began : to knit vp all in a word , he is ( say they ) Thericleíouphil●s : p that is ( in plaine English ) a friend and follower of cup companions . What one ingenious nature may possibly but heare these disdainefull reproches , and his very eares not burne on his head ? Or who is the wight which ( being thus odiously branded in euery place ) would not grow grosly ashamed of that shamefull condition which thus makes him the shame of the world ? Surely , the timely consideration of these fearefull effects concerning especially their owne proper persons , would euen presently take vp our Tobacconists minds with farre better imployments : were they not too too beastly bewitched with those venimous vapours which flow from their filthie fumes . For lo , these are the faire fragrant flowers of their chargeable flames , the vndoubted successe of those their sottish attempts , and the flourishing fruites of those their fantasticall fooleries . The very feeling of these and such other most fearefull effects should cause them continually to crie out and say thus , q Oh how pestiferous is that transitorie pleasure which we haue dearely purchased with such perpetuall paine & shame ? For lo now we do find and feele ( in our proper experience ) that these our filthie Tobacco fumes , are not onely pernicious vnto our bodies , but too too profluuious also for our purses , in procuring such fearefull effects to our owne proper persons . Capn. They should so , I confesse . And I doubt not but ( by that time they haue bene better schooled a while with the mistris of fooles ) they will learne that lesson by roate . But what are those other effects ( I beséech you ) which do likewise concerne their proper estates ? Hydr. They are those accidentall occurrents which do ordinarily attend vpon such chargeable cost , such superfluous waste , such a prodigall and profluuious dispending of ancient patrimonies with other like worldly preferments . For what other things else may possibly follow thereof ( besides a pernicious hurt to the body , and vntimely vndermining of mens honest reputations ) but an vnrecouerable subuersion of that their ancient estate which they formerly receiued from their forefathers frugalitie ? a perpetuall supplanting of that their primarie approued condition ? and a monstrous metamorphosing of their former well managed Mannors , with other their domesticall maintenance ? So as ( by these meanes ) they make great noble Persons , but single-soaled Gentelmen ; well bred Gentelmen , but bare thredded Yeomen ; bountifull Yeomen , but beggerly Husbandmen ; hospitious Husbandmen , but shifting Trades-men , artificious Trades-men ; but conicatching companions ; conicatching companions , but vagabond rogues . Thus thou mayest plainly perceiue how these their intoxicating Tobacco fumes are able ( in an vnperceiueable and Circean manner ) to transforme nobilitie into gentrie , gentrie into yeomanrie , yeomanrie into husbandry , husbandrie into maunuarie , manuarie into manubiarie , manubiarie into a vagrant and retchlesse roguerie , and what not besides ? Capn. Do you then determine , that these their Tobacco fumes are the vnchangeable cause of such a changed condition ? Hydr. I do not make those their said fumes the efficient cause , although yet an vnchangeable occasion of such a change . For seeing r the spirit which dwelleth in them , doth lust after euill continually : who seeth not then , but that this filthie Tobacco fume ( so forcibly bewitching their braines ) is the vndoubted occasion of inflaming their said luft to such a profluuious waste for the timely purchase of that which makes them eftsoones to s waxe wanton with the good blessings of God ? And euen as Israel t affected flesh for their lust : so these our fantasticall spirits ( requiring Tobacco fumes for their filthie desire ) do most prodigally dispend their patrimonies about the vntimely procuring of those vanishing flames which they so wastfully u consume vpon their inordinate lusts . Howbeit , this one thing withall I pray thee obscrue : namely , that as the Lord God indirectly x giues them this way their hearts desire : so surely while the Tobacco fume is yet in their mouthes , y his ineuitable wrath falles fearefully vpon them . For not onely he deli●ers them vp ( in iustice ) z to their owne hearts lust : but leaues them withall so sottish in iudgment , as themselues know not which way to mannage their present possessions ; making thē insatiably mad in dispending their patrimonies about such smokie delights , and in wasting their worldly preferments vpon those their preposterous lusts . And thus at length they begin to perceiue in their proper experience , that as the water which driues the mill , decaies the mill : so surely with whatsoeuer vaine man a insatiably sinneth , with the same eftsoones he is foundly punished . Capn. Why Sir ? may not wise men maintaine their Tobacco fumes , as well as their meate , drinke , & cloathing , without either offending God , or the pitifull subuersion of their present estates ? Hydr. Dost thou accomt those for wise men , which so wantonly and foolishly waste their worldly maintenance vpon those their forenamed fooleries ? But that thou may be able to vnderstand these matters the better : thou must learne here to distinguish betweene the necessary , and the needlesse supplies of nature . For all those things which do necessarily tend to an orderly preseruation of natures well being , according to the prouident purpose of God himselfe , namely , meate , drinke , and clothing : they may , and they must bee maintained by a moderate and frugall expence , correspondent to each man his present abilitie . Yea and all the necessarie expences bestowed that way , they do vndoubtedly receiue such a blessed increase from the goodnesse of God , as a man shall be sure , therein b to eate the labour of his owne proper hands , and it shall go well with him euery kind of way . Howbeit , all those things whatsoeuer which are but needlesse supplies to natures well being , not onely needlesse ( I say ) but noysome withall ( such as are our immoderate gormandizings , our superfluous quaffing vp of wine and strong drinkes , our insatiable sucking in of filthy Tobacco fumes , with sundry such other fantasticall fooleries ) as they are not the ordinarie appointed labours of those mens hands which c walke vprightly in the waies of the Lord , so hath the Lord himselfe not onely alotted no one blessing vnto them , but rather imposed a d fearefull curse of penurie vpon them . For as it is the e blessing of the Almightie that maketh men rich , so surely all those senslesse fooles which so insatiably deuoure their owne proper substance , they shall be enforced eftsoones f to vomite it vp againe , for the Lord God will draw it out of their bellies , be they neuer so great , or so mightie . Yea and not onely the great ones shall be sure to feele this fearefull effect concerning their owne present estates , but euen the g labouring men likewise that are so resolutely giuen to these their drunken delights , they shall neuer be rich : and all they that make not much of a little , by little and little shall soone come to nothing ; so vncertaine are the estates ( be thou sure ) of all those our insatiable suckers vp of filthie Tobacco fumes . Capn. But why should the expences bestowed vpon meate , drinke and clothing receiue such a blessing from God , and the excessiue cost layed forth for filthie Tobacco fumes , vndergo so fearefull a curse ? Hydr. The reason is this . Meate , drinke , and clothing , they are necessarie supplies for natures well being , and the ordinarie props appointed of God for the timely support , and needfull preseruation of this present life : so as a moderate expence bestowed that way , it is the Almightie his mercifull designement to such as h vprightly walke in his waies . Whereas that superfluous waste which these men do riotously lauish forth vpon their filthie Tobacco fumes , it is not the approued ordinarie way which the Almighty appointeth for mans preseruation , but rather such an inordinate desire of mans lusting heart as procureth his present destruction . To the one sort therefore the Lord hath promised a i blessing vpon their basket and store : and telleth them withall , that they shall vndoubtedly k eate the labour of their owne proper hands , which do so industriously and so painefully walke in his waies . To the other , he not onely denounceth a curse vpon l their fields their basket , their store , the fruite of their land , the increase of their kine , and the flockes of their sheepe , but also vpon their reuenewes and rents how exceeding soeuer ; telling them withall , that they do but euen m purse vp the same in a bottomlesse bag . So as the very curse of the Lord ( thou seest ) is in n the house of the wicked : but he blesseth the habitation of the righteous . I will make thee perceiue my purpose herein , by some plaine demonstration : and ( for better performance hereof ) let vs put this downe here for the present proportion . Be it supposed that some great man receiued yearely but fiue hundred pounds annuall rents to defray his domesticall charges withall ; which said fiue hundred pounds ( being handsomly husbanded , and frugally employed ) would accomplish that worke in a very commendable and competent manner : but being any way superfluously or wastefully spent vpon excesse of apparell , meates , drinkes , and other such riotous courses , would come very short in the reckoning . Suppose now withall , that this man forsooth ( to fulfill the inordinate lust of his owne licentious heart ) would yearely dispend one hundred pound at the least , vpon the vanishing flames of filthie Tobacco fumes , not abating at all his said excesse in apparell , in meates , and in drinkes : doth it not necessarily follow , that either this mans fiue hundred pounds rent must otherwaies receiue some extraordinarie supply for the continuall support of such a superfluous waste , or that else his present estate ( in continuance of time ) will be tumbled vpside downe ? What sayest thou Capnistus ? do answer directly either yea , or no. Capn. The one , or the other ( I fréely confesse ) must necessarily follow thereof : namely , either some present supplie , or a present supplanting of that mans present estate at the least . Hydr. Thou iudgest aright . But tell me now where must such a present supply be had ? There is no hope to obtaine the same from the blessing of God , because such a riotous course is directly opposite to his holy appointed ordinance : but rather the contrarie . For as those men do prodigally euen blow away their wealth about filthie superfluous fumes , so surely the Almightie himselfe ( euen in his fuming vengeance ) doth proportionably blow forth a fearefull curse vpon all their labours : willing them to o consider their owne waies in theit hearts , and telling them withall that p although they sow much they shall bring little home , and though they do eate , they shall not be satisfied : and although they do drinke , they shall not be filled ; ●hough they cloath themselues , they shall not be chearished ; yea although they addle much wages , or receiue large reuenewes , yet shall they but purse vp the same in a bottomlesse bag : because I haue blowne vpon it , saith the Lord God. Yea , the iust reuenger of such fantasticall courses , will appoint q the Palmer worme to spoile the rest of their store ; and that which is left by the Palmer worme , shall the Grashopper eate , and the residue of the Grashopper shall the Canker-worme eate ; and the remainder of the Canker-worme , shall the Caterpiller consume and deuoure . By all which thou mayest very plainly perceiue , that rather a final consumption , then any formall supply , it is to be fearefully expected from the hands of the Lord. Capn. Very true it is . And therefore , I sée now they must either surceasse from that their former superfluous waste : or vse some other deuice of their owne , to supplie their wants . Hydr. Thou sayest very well . But what one deuice of their owne will be able to counteruaile the determined vengeance of God against those their superfluous vanities ? No no , it is vtterly in vaine for those vaine-headded men , whose r breath is in their nostrils , to encounter herein with that s God of vengeance whom they haue t moued with iealousie , and prouoked to anger by those their superfluous vanities : and who moreouer ( besides that ineuitable curse vpon their worldly preferments ) will yet further smite their owne persons with such u amazednesse , such blindnesse , and astonishment of mind , as they shall be quite destitute euen of naturall discretion and iudgement which way to mannage well their proper estates : but shall ignorantly x grope about the same at middle-time of the day , as blind men grope in the darknesse , and shall not be able to prosper in any their waies . And from hence ( I assure you ) it is that thou beholdest hourely among them , such sodaine alienating of ancient inheritances ; such a beastly bangling out of their birthrights ; such carelesse curtolling of ancient entailes ; such iniurious transporting of former titles ; such an horrible chopping and changing of long continued Lordships ; such a monstrous metamorphosing of their ancestours Mannors ; such a gracelesse acknowledging of fines and recoueries , and such a preposterous posting ouer of patrimonies with other like worldly preferments . And howsoeuer these our Ammorites sinnes y are not as yet mounted vp to their excessiue height , but that the men themselues do still continue a time in some part of their ancient possessions : yet be thou assured of this , that ( so soone as the iust measure of those their monstrous enormities are heaped vp once to the full ) then euen those their reserued possessions will likewise vomit them forth ; so as open bils of sale shall be set ouer their doores , to purport to all passengers the sale of such houses . Yea and this also , to the great admiration of those our Diogenists , who will be readie to put downe this their cynicall censure vpon it , and say , z Oh house , house ; I thought thou wouldest surfet so long vpon those thy Tobacco fumes , that at the length thou wouldest spew thy maister quite out adoores . For now we do plainly perceiue , that the Lord a hath not left in thee , one man of thine owne bloud , to make water against the wall . Lo , here the fearefull effects concerning these our fume-suckers present estate in the world . Capn. Very fearefull effects I assure you . But Sir , hauing succinctly shewed me those horrible effects which more especially concerne the Tobacconists themselues , in an onely respect either of their person , or their proper conditions : now shew me in like manner ( I pray you ) those other effects which more respectiuely concerne some others besides themselues . Hydr. With very good will. Wherein also thou hast to confider , that those selfe same effects they are of two sorts : Namely , such as more properly concerne their owne wiues and children : or such else , as do more generally concerne some others besides . Capn. What are those effects first , which more properly concerne their owne wiues and children ? Hydr. They are all those accidentall occurrents which do very fearefully affect their sorowfull hearts . Namely , the riotous dispending of that their allotted maintenance ; the alienating of their designed inheritance , and their vtter impouerishing without all hope of redemption . From the wofull consideration of which occurrents , they are seuerally enforced to put vp their pitifull complaints for the ease of their endlesse griefes . Capn. What complaints ( I pray you ) are those ? Hydr. Surely , euen such as are able to batter our Tobacconists hearts in an hundred peeces , were they not an hundred times harder then the Adamant stone . For imagine thou beheldest here such a fume-suckers wife most fearefully fuming forth very fountaines of bloud , howling for anguish of heart , weeping , wailing , and wringing her hands together , with grisly lookes , with wide staring eies , with minde amazed , with thoughts perplexed , with body shiuering and quaking in euery ioynt : wouldest thou not wonder greatly at this her so sodaine a change ? I am sure thou couldest not but wonder much . But suppose withall thou shouldest presently heare the thundring eccho of her horrible outcries ring in the clouds , while she pitifully pleades with her husband thus : Oh husband , my husband , mine onely husband ! Consider I beseech thee , thy deare , thy louing , and thy kind-hearted wife . Am not ( I alas ) thine onely wife ; thy best beloued wife ; yea and b the onely wife of thy youth ? Out , out ( alas ) why art thou then so carelesse of this my present estate ? Why dost thou so vainely preferre a vanishing filthie fume before my permanent vertues ; before my amourous imbracings ; yea before my firme setled faith & constant loue ? Alas ( my sweet husband ) haue I not bin the Almightie his sanctified meanes to c build thee vp with an d holy , a blessed , and a sanctified seede ? Haue not I here brought forth e an armie of children vnto thee ? Haue I not enabled thee ( husband ) to f speake with thy stoutest enemies in the open gates ? yea haue I not made thee ( alas ) an happie man , by g filling thy quiuer full of faire , of faithfull , and gracious young impes ? What might any one woman in the vniuersall world haue done more for thee ( my deare husband ) then thy deare wife hath done ? Oh , out ( alas ) why art thou then become now so graceles a father towards this thine owne of-spring ; and so grieuous an husband to me their poore mother , in preferring a fantasticall smoke before these so substantiall blessings ? Oh husband , husband , oh hard hearted husband ! nay rather , a h bloudie husband thou art vnto me . For that thou ( neglecting i thy proper calling & care concerning an husband ) hast causelesly brought k abundance of cares vpon me thy sillie poore carefull wife : A care how to liue my selfe , a care how to vphold our present estate , a care for these my poore comfortlesse brats , a care for their present prouision and foode ; hil-backe , and fil-bellie is now mine hourely care , yea and a care for some corner ( God knowes ) wherein we may hide our beggerly heads . For thou ( alas husband ) hauing hitherto vainely wasted their proper reuenewes vpon a vanishing filthie fume , I my poore selfe must be faine ( now ) to forgo my Feoffement also , I must ( perforce ) be enforced to yeeld to the present sale thereof , to acknowledge before some Iudge my vnwilling willing consent thereunto , full sore ( God he knowes ) against my owne will. Howbeit , necessitie ( they say ) hath no law : I must now do it ( alas ) or let thee lie fast by the heeles . I must do it ( God wot , ) otherwise my poore selfe and my sorowful children must starue in the open streets . Tell me Capnistus , if thou shouldest but heare a poore sorrowfull wife thus pitifully complaine vpon her pitilesse fume-sucking husband , wouldest thou not forthwith imagine that her poore fainting heart had too effectually felt the fearefull effects of that his former fantasticall fooleries ? Capn. Yes in very déede would I Sir , and ( I suppose ) not without a very vrgent occasion : but what are the poore childrens complaints , I pray you ? Hydr. They are those sighing sobs , and those sorowfull outcries which euen present necessitie , and the fearefull foresights of their future wants doth hourely vrge them vnto . For the better explanation wherof , imagine thou shouldest here likewise behold before thy face , a yong tender brat , or little pretie nest-cukkle ( beginning to bite in the lip , to whimper a little ) and then ( creeping pretily betweete the degenerate father his legs ) should cry out and say thus vnto him in the name of all the rest of his brethren and sisters : Dad , hearke Dad in thine eare . Am not I thy best boy , am I not , Dad ? And doest thou not loue me thy best boy , Dad ? Harke Dad , thou wert wont ( whē thou wentst to the Faires ) to buy thy best boy , fine knacks , fine boxes , fine rattles , a fine feather , a fine gilden dagger , and a fine golden hobbie-horse : wert thou not , Dad ? And wilt thou now let me thy white-headed boy runne barefoote and barelegged without hose and shooes ? Why harke Dad , hath the fire of Tobacco filched thy purse ? Hath filthie Tobacco flames enforced all thy golden angels to creepe couertly out of thy coffers into thy profluuious pouch , and from thence to flie forth all about ? Tell me good Dad , hath the poysonsome stinke of those filthie Tobacco fumes made me thy owne pretie boy , my brethren and sisters to stinke now so horribly in thy vnnatural nostrils , as thou art vtterly vnable ( how willing soeuer ) to buy my brother Humfrey an hat , or little Francke a fustian coate , or my sister Kate a new coife , or poore prettie Tib a tawdrie lace , or yet me thy best boy a new nothing to hang on my sleeue ? I pray thee hearke Dad , and I 'le tel thee a thing in thine eare . My brother Robin he wrings his hands thus , and cries mainly out : because thou art now no more able to maintaine him any longer to schoole , and yet he hath halfe learned his Puerilis ( he saith ) without booke . And my sister Meg , she sits mourning in corners , because ( being now ripe and readie for mariage ) thou art not able to prefer her that way , with one groates-worth of goods , she being otherwaies capable enough of many good mariages . And Dad , little Kit , he cries out for a prenticeship , but cannot preuaile therein , for want of preferment . Yea and mine eldest brother Will , he goeth wailing vp and downe : because his birth-right ( he saith ) is bangled out about nothing . Dad , hearke in thine eare ; Will , he prates many bugs-words to my brothers and sisters behind thy backe . He maruels ( he saith ) how thou canst for very shame go daily ( as thou doest ) to heare Sermons , and profite no more by preaching . Nay , hearke Dad , he telleth them that Saint Paul saith plainly , l thou hast denied the faith ; art become an apostate , and worse them an infidel : because thou shewest thy selfe so carelesse in prouiding for vs , & the folke of thy familie . Yea and that the Lord God proceedeth iustly in iudgement against thee , by causing thy fantasticall sucking in of filthie Tobacco flames , to feede thee as fat as a foole . For lo ( saith he ) our Father long since did lie m in his bed , deuising that monstrous flame : neuer regarding at all , how the Lord ( in the meane time ) was n deuising a plague against him and his familie , from which neither he himselfe , nor we his forlorned of-spring , shall euer be able to plucke out our neckes . And therefore ( with very great griefe and anguish of heart ) we may now take vp this reproachfull parable against him ▪ yea we may now lament with a dolefull lamentation , and say one to another . Alas , we be o euen vtterly wasted ? Behold here , how the righteous Iudge ( for our fathers fantasticall fooleries ) hath iustly dispersed the long setled portions of vs his poore of-spring for euer . For lo , our owne father himselfe ( being fearefully giuen ouer to the insatiable lust of his owne licencious heart ) hath now made such an absolute sale of his lands , and so beastly bangled out our birth-rights in so many odde parcels , as there is vtterly no hope at all of any redemption ; nor possibilitie that any one of our fathers poore of spring shall euer be able to cast forth a coard by lot , in any our alienated inheritances . In so much as wise men ( wondring greatly thereat ) may say one to another : Behold , we p haue seene the foolish man substantially rooted , and surely setled : but lo , now the Lord curseth his habitation , and telleth him , his children shall be destitute , and farre from succour : yea that they shall be destroyed in the gate , and none shall deliuer them . The hungrie shall eate vp this foolish mans haruest ; yea they shall euen take it away as it were from among the thornes ; and the thirstie shall drinke vp his substance . Neither may our said father impute the blame hereof to the barrennesse of the soile , but to the badnesse rather of his owne proper husbandry , and to the preposterous waste of his profluuious purse . For q miserie cometh not forth of the dust , neither doth pouertie spring out of the earth . Lo Dad , my brothers and sisters they prate thus in corners behind thy backe , so they do : and I said I would tell thee thereof , so I would ; and wilt thou not whip them soundly for it ? How sayest thou Capnistus ? if thou shouldest but heare some poore distressed mother and her pitifull brats thus greeuously crie and complaine , wouldest thou not forthwith conclude that their poore hearts had formerly felt the forenamed effects of such a fantasticall sucking in of filthie Tobacco fumes ? Capn. Yes that would I , no doubt : and not without very great cause . But good Sir , forbeare ( I beséech you ) all such your further patheticall Prosopopoeias . For my very heart it bléedes in my body , to thinke that any poore harmelesse infants should thus be enforced to pull a publike reproch vpon their owne fathers , for those their fantasticall and palpable fooleries . Hydr. I am very well willing ( vpon this thine intreatie ) to surceasse forthwith from those their supposed most pitifull plaints ; not taking any pleasure at all in such prosecutions , but desiring thereby to make those their vnchristian courses become odious , euen in the eares of all sorts of people . And surely , had those our blindfolded sots but one dram of Gods grace , or one drop of good nature remaining within them , they would eftsoones imagine such patheticall Prosopopoeias in their owne sinfull soules . Howbeit , this is certainly a vengeance decreed with God , that as r the prosperitie of those our foolish Tobacconists is their proper destruction , so surely the Almightie ( in that selfe same decreed vengeance ) will euen constraine them perforce to s eate vp the whole crop of their owne foolish waies , and to be filled with the fruites of their former deuices . Yea he will enforce their t appointed pouertie to come speedily vpon them as one that passeth apace by the way : and make their allotted beggerie very fiercely to assault them , like a strong armed man. Capn. Well Sir , let this fully suffice for those fearefull effects which more respectiuely concerne their wiues and ●hildren : an● now lay open those other effects ( I pray you ) which more generally concerne some other besides . Hydr. With a very good will. Wherein thou hast here to obserue , that those selfe same effects , they are either such as more especially concerne the poore Tenants themselues : or such else as more generally appertaine to the publike State. Capn. What are those effects first , which more especially concerne the poore Tenants themselues ? Hydr. They are all those importable burdens which their intoxicated Land-lords do most grieuously impose vpon the poore mens backs , for the bloudie supplie of their beastly wants . For , these our insatiable suckers of smoke , feeling once ( in a miserable experience ) that their fiue hundred-pounds yearely reuenewes will not render an allowance to that their prodigall dispending of one hundred pounds yearely at least vpon those their filthie Tobacco fumes , without a finall confusion of their forefathers patrimonie ; and perceiuing moreouer , that no one supply of those their superfluous wants may possibly bee expected from any the good blessings of God , but the cursed supplanting rather of their present possessions , they begin eftsoones to cast about with themselues , which way they may assuredly support their fantasticall fooleries , without the finall subuersion of their proper estates . And this imagination of theirs , no sooner possesseth their swimming heads , but the diuell himselfe doth forthwith suggest as pleasing a supply to their swilling hearts ; perswading them seriously ( through the diuellish deuice of Christian Craft , that Machiuilian monster which hourely attends on their persons , and vndertakes withall to mannage their domesticall affaires ) that they may very well raise yearely some two hundred pounds more at the least from among their poore Tenants , towards the timely defraying of those their superfluous and idle expences , without any present oppressing of those peasant-like fatbackes at all . Capn. Oh monstrous imagination of theirs ! All the diuels in hell could neuer haue found forth a more mischieuous deuice for the pitifull spoyling of those their poore Tenants . Hydr. Very true as thou sayest . For this diuellish deuice is no sooner set on foote by those monstrous Minotaures , but the same is as diuellishly entertained of our Tyger-like Tobacconists , and as perniciously put in present practise by them , and their bloudie Bailifs together . So as , from this sandie foundation doth forthwith arise the monstrous improuing of Lordships , the mercilesse inclosing of seuerall grounds , the insatiable inhaunsing of incomes and fines , the excessiue racking and raising of rents , the beggerly borowing of some three yeares pay before hand at the least ; the rufull riding and running ; the chargeable carting and carying , so vncharitably exacted vpon the poore Tenants ; their bondslaue-like boonings at euery becke ; their extraordinarie rent-corne , rent-coales , rent-capons , and I wot not what ; together with the vnseasonable haling home of their hungry Land-lord his haruest , notwithstanding the exceeding great losse of their owne , lying all abroad in great danger of waste . Yea from hence also ariseth the taking of so many new leases , in a needles reuersion ; the vnhonest drowning vp of some nine or ten yeares in the old lease at least ; the finding forth of some certaine odde quirkes in either of both ; and the vnequall making of forfeitures in either of both , so oft as poore Tenants refuse to crouch downe like old beaten hounds at their maisters becke , or to supply the insatiable want of the Land-lords insatiable lusts whensoeuer they call . By all which thou maist plainly perceiue , that these our insatiable suckers of smoke , do nothing else in effect , but euen u batter their poore Tenants to pouder , x grinde the poore mens faces away , y swallow vp the hungrie soules , z buy the needie for shooes , a oppresse the iust in the gate , b make the needie of the land to faile , yea and c insatiably deuoure the innocent bloud , to vphold their insatiable filthie fooleries . So as , the d whole land must tremble for this : and euery man mourne that dwelleth therein . Capn. And very well worthie they are . But Sir , Do you absolutely ascribe these fearefull effects , to our insatiable taking of Tobacco fumes alone ? Hydr. Not so . For howsoeuer it be a most fearefull sinne before the Maiestie of the immortall God , for any man thus vainely to waste his wealth : yet surely this our superfluous sucking in of filthie Tobacco fumes goeth neuer alone by it selfe , but hath ( like an amourous Ladie ) her lasciuious hangbies attending hourely vpon her traine , to aggrauate her needlesse excesse the more in the presence of God. For this burning and scorching flame being once inwardly taken into the bowels ; there must necessarily follow , an insatiable quaffing vp of wine , ale , or beere at the least , to allay and quench the excessiue heate of the stomacke . And by the insatiable quaffing in of these strong drinks , Dame Venus her selfe beginneth eftsoones so fiercely to be enflamed and set on fire , as nothing in the world but some one of her Damosels , or Draf-sackes at least , must forthwith be fetcht , to calme the new kindled coales of their lusting hearts . And those amourous Damosels so seruiceably attending their becke , & so wantonly seruing their turnes that way , they must not only be most gallantly adorned with whatsoeuer ornaments of brauery themselues , but be courted eftsoones ( by those their prodigall paramours ) in sundry changeable & chargeable sutes . And this brauery of apparel , it must be proportionably graced with proud & sumptuous buildings : and those sumptuous buildings , they speedily procure a prodigall dispending of patrimonies with other like worldly preferments . And this prodigall dispending of patrimonies , it cannot but impaire our fume-suckers ancient estates . And this needlesse impairing of ancient estates , it must haue forsooth some present supply from a pitifull oppressing of the poore Tenants themselues . So as , albeit these sundry most wastefull disorders do all ioyntly concurre in the speedie subuersion of our fume-suckers ancient estates , and therefore we do synecdochically put downe but a part for the whole ; yet the filthie Tobacco fume ( thou maist plainly perceiue ) is now adaies become the Troian horse-bellie of those other hidden mischiefes , and the onely Metropolitane of all those monstrous misorders . By the misguidance whereof , our insatiable fume-suckers ( thou seest ) they do nothing in effect : but euen e hatch the Cockatrice egges , and weaue the poysonsome spiders web , f conceiuing mischiefe , and bringing iniquity forth : thus g drawing wickednesse to themselues with the cords of vanitie , and sinne , as t● were with cart-ropes . Capn. Let this suffice for those fearefull effects which more especially concerne the poore Tenants themselues : and now shew me ( I pray you ) those other effects which more generally appertaine to the publike State. Hydr. With very good will. And those effects also are such as do primarily proceed from the mightier sort of our filthy fume-suckers : or from the more abiect crew of those our tippling Tobacconists . Capn. Very well . But what ( first ) are those fearefull effects , which do primarily procéed from the mightier sort of our fume-suckers ? Hydr. They are such monstrous attempts and outragious enormities , as honest minded persons should euen tremble to tell ; as men of common humanitie should abhorre to heare ; and as holy religious wights should loath in their hearts . For when those our insatiable suckers of filthie fumes are vtterly sunke ; when their ancient estates ( I meane ) haue suffred such an vnrecouerable ship-wracke , as they know not which way to winde themselues forth from the sands of sorrow , and shelfs of shame , then they forthwith resolue vpon desperate courses for the daily supply of their present wants . For then ( forsooth ) they will either become magnificent statesmen in Stand-gate hole ; or too too humbled suters at Shooters-hil ; or huffing hunts-men on new Market-plaine ; or brauing Bow-bearers at Black-moore heath ; or hucking Habberdashers on Hog-magog hils ; or the Kings cauallering coyne-takers at Crabtree corner ; yea or the most fliggering Faulkeners at Flittesse hedge , to let flie at each passengers purse at the least . For as these fellowes can neither h dig , nor delue : so are they most egregiously ashamed to beg their reliefe at honest mens houses . Capn. These Sir ( I confesse ) they are most horrible effects . Hydr. They are so indeed . And yet ( if no helpe might be found for the same ) I could euen heartily wish that these were the worst . Because then it were more safe to suffer some small inconuenience , then desperately admit of an horrible mischiefe . Yea and of two dangerous occurents , rather to tollerate the least of the twaine , then fearefully vndergo the hazard of all . Capn. What might be your meaning herein Sir , I beséech you ? Hydr. My meaning herein is this . Namely , if there could none other helpe at all be had , then were it much better to beare a time with such desperate aduentures as tend to the onely hurt of some priuate persons , then ouer carelesly to neglect the vnnaturall nourse-mother of some such dangerous attempts as directly do aime at the publike good of the State. I will demonstrate this matter by an apparent example thus . Those our late traiterous Recusants , they were all ( for the most part ) but beggerly Bankrupts , and men of very base condition , as Authoritie it selfe ( by due inquisition , and prouident enquirie ) found plainly forth , and their owne fauourites themselues very freely confesse . Now those men ( for the most part ) they were formerly held for professed Tobacconists : namely , for disordered and riotous persons . Who falling first from Tobacco to tippling ; from tippling to whoring ; from whoring , to a Court-like brauing ; from a Court-like brauing , to superfluous building ; from a superfluous building , to a prodigall dispending of their ancient patrimonies , & other their alloted preferments ; from a prodigall dispending , to an excessiue want ; from an excessiue want , to a wofull malcontented condition ; and from their malcontended condition , to the proud pioners most bloudie profession in that the vndermining practise of theirs : wherein they purposely put downe their pestiferous proiects and plots for their present reliefe . For howsoeuer they made Religion it selfe vnseemely couerture to those their traiterous attempts , because among them , i In the name of God , all mischiefe begins : yet ( without doubt ) the preposterous supply for those their profluuious purses , was the principall propounded period to those their pestilent purposes , and the fully determined shot-anker of that their subsequent shame . The sequele it selfe doth sound forth at large the truth of the premisses now , how intricate soeuer before . For their intollerable wants became so heauie a burden vnto their vnbended backes , as ( before they would too long vndergo the huge weight thereof ) they rather most damnably resolued among themselues to massacre our most Christian King , our gracious Queene ; our peerlesse young Prince , the whole royall of-spring , the honorable Councell ; the Nobles , the Gentrie , the Cleargie , the Communaltie , and the happie estate of this our whole countrey : like a most viperous brood , deuouring the very belly it selfe wherein they were borne and bred . Capn. Oh horrible attempt ! What stéelie heart would not tremble and quake at the very hearing thereof ? But go to Sir , make haste I beséech you , to the timely vnfolding of those other effects which more respectiuely procéed from the baser sort of those our tippling Tobacconists . Hydr. Content . Wherein also I would haue thee consider afresh , that albeit this sort of tippling Tobacconists bee accompted for men very abiect and base , in comparison of those loftie fume-suckers we spake of before , yet proue they too too pestiferous also to the publ●ke State ; and their pretended proiects and plots are much more pernicious that way , then may well be perceiued at first . And howsoeuer these , and the other may seeme somewhat to differ in their seuerall circumferences , they do both of them ioyntly fall iumpe and pat vpon one and the selfesame period of publike disorder . For ( concerning any their practicall designements ) they mutually march forwards in one and the selfe same circular motion , I meane , in the pestiferous disturbing and preposterous supplanting of our publike State. Capn. Good Sir , I cannot as yet conceiue your purpose herein . Hydr. I will thus more expresly demonstrate the same . Be it here supposed that this baser sort of tippling Tobacconists ( whether Husbandmen ▪ Artificers , Trades-men , Sadlers , Shoo-makers , Taylers , Tinkers , or any other else of the vulgar condition ) hauing in all ▪ but twentie nobles , twentie markes , twentie or fortie pounds maintenance to defray all manner of domesticall charges withall ) should weekely dispend some three shillings fourepence vpon filthie Tobacco fumes : who seeth not plainly , but that either their said maintenance must forthwith bee mannaged by some other bad meanes , or this their ancient estate in very short time be shrewdly surprized , and ( in a manner ) quite subuerted ? Capn. There is no necessarie consequent in either of both . For behold Sir , they may forthwith surceasse from such a superfluous waste , and eftsoones betake themselues to a much more frugall course . Hydr. Surceasse from their former superfluous waste ( saist thou ) and fall to frugalitie ? When the skie falleth so downe to the ground , wee may haply gather great store of Larks . No , no , it s more possible for a man to take an Hare with a tabret and whistle , then turne those bewitched Tobacconists frō that tippling course wherein they were more accustomably bred and brought vp . For howsoeuer they be k wise enough to do wickedly : yet ( without question ) to do well , they haue no knowledge at all . Do thou but take an exact suruey of any their disordered courses , or desperate attempts in all their assemblies , and at euery time and tide : and then tell me withall , what any one hope may bee had after such a Moone-shine in the water ? And whether worse Canker-wormes can be found in a Christian Common-wealth , then those our l Egyptian Caterpillers . Capn. Helpe me good Sir ( I beséech you ) in such a suruey . Hydr. With all my heart . And ( for the more orderly effecting of this our intent ) it shall be by a liuely resemblance of them , and their ordinary practises . Let vs therefore accordingly imagine , that Prince Arthur our Aleman , Babble-much the Barber , Barthelet the Butcher , Cocke-on hoope the Cobbler , Ding-thrift the Dog-keeper , False-chaps the Fidler , Grout-nolle the Girdeler , Huf-cap the Hunts man , Iustle-king the Ioyner , Lithersbie the Lath-render , Martin the Marriner , Mad-braine the Make-shift , Nichol the Net-mender , Oliuer the Oyster-man , Perkin the Pedler , Partiface the Piper , Proud-mind the Plummer , Runagate the Royster , Simkin the Sithesmith , Small-braines the Shoo-maker , Thin-gut the Thatcher , Talke-apace the Taylour , with Tom-trash the Tinker : imagine here ( I say ) that all and euery of these should mutually assemble themselues at Saint Paltockes Inne , wouldest thou not accompt them m a quaint Crobylian yoke , a congruent cluster ( I meane ) of prettie carowsing companions ? Capn. I might ( at first sight ) so accompt them , I fréely confesse . Howbeit Sir , this your cynicall censure , it will ( I feare me ) be shrewdly distasted of some : because the Trades themselues which you speake of here ( being rightly respected ) are very commendable , yea and sundry men of those selfe same trades , are worthily reputed for honest persons . Hydr. Distasted of some ( sayest thou ? ) A silie poore witlesse some they are ( be thou sure ) who wot not how to distinguish betweene those trades themselues , and the men in those trades . For I do not here censure those good trades themselues , nor the honest men whatsoeuer , imployed in any of those commendable trades : onely I taxe the scum and of-scouring of honest men , and the palpable abusers of those the good trades whatsoeuer . And therefore ( to proceede directly in that our former suruey , ) let vs imagine that either all , or some certaine of these should purposely assemble themselues at Arthur ale-mans house about eight or nine of the clocke in the morning , with a ioynt and full resolution there to hold out side till eleuen or twelue in the night : what kind of coile ( thinkest thou ) would those our quaint companions keepe there for all the day long ? Capn. When the good ale were once got in the head , and wit gone out , I feare me Sir , they would kéepe a very bad coile . Hydr. Thou mayest be assured of that , if thou but obserue their ordinarie courses . For ( hauing ioyntly determined vpon the match making ) to make then their sweete liquor of life the appointed period to all those their pot-like proceedings , they suppose it not greatly amisse , to begin the match first , by drinking in measure next their hearts ; that is , each man ( for his share ) must carouse a whole quart at a clap , for curing his eie-sight . After all this , they mispend some quarter of an houre in questioning about the maner of their Hostesses brewing , and in commending most highly that last brewed liquor of life . But now ( forsooth ) perceiuing some sodaine cold qualme ouerwhelming their queasie stomackes by reason that their lately receuied liquor lieth cold in the same , they do call forthwith for one ounce of Tobacco , for a Tobacco pipe , and a greasie candle to kindle the same : sucking in ( by course ) that filthie Tobacco fume , as eagerly ( I assure thee ) as the hungrie horse-leach sucketh vp the putrified bloud from a sore bruised leg . This is no sooner done , but they begin eftsoones to feele the fierie scorching flame of that filthie Tobacco fume , to fret and burne in their bellies : and thereupon , they do presently call for a whole yard of ale , that is , for so many fresh cups of that their beloued liquor , as may stand one by one within a yard compasse euery way . With these they resolue to allay , and to quench the outragious heate in their belching breasts : wherein also they do make exceeding much haste , for feare of fiering their rubie vermilion noses . This purpose performed , they perceiue their former fierie stomackes so sodainly cooled , and do then feele withall , such a chilling cold dispersing it selfe throughout all the parts of their bodie , as they feare to be forthwith surprised with a cold deadly palsie , or to fall eftsoones into some new feauer-lurden at least : and thereupon they take Tobacco afresh : and withall ( for preuenting the worst ) they do call forth a whole Iurie of fresh cups , to conclude and determine the good estate of their bodies . The first quart cup of those twelue ( being called Tom Troth ) they do make the foreman of the Iurie : swearing him forthwith , to giue vp a very true verdict concerning this present point , and to kisse the booke , that is , to cleaue close to their pale coloured lips till all the liquor be out . After him , Brafield-font he is next called , and so all the rest of their Iurie in order : telling them one by one , that the same oath which their fore-man had taken , must euery one of them also ( for their parts ) take and fulfill , so helpe t●em Belzebub , in the name of bleare-eied Bacchus their ale-mighty soule-slayer , & to kiffe the said booke as before . The Iurie now hauing thus deuoutly taken their oathes , and very deepely considered their late-giuen charge to the bottome , Breede-bate y e Bailieffe he cries , A verdict , a verdict . Whereupon Prince Arthur the ale-man ( being then made the deputed Rhadamanthus ouer those his tippling Tobacconists ) he readily receiueth the verdict , as followeth : Namely , that ( howsoeuer all the rest of their damned crew , are in prettie good case ) Cocke-on hoope the Cobler is fallen into very great danger , hauing too too beastly surfeited in his swine-like bodie , and being soule-sicke to death : so as there is none other way with him for the present , but forthwith to dispose of his last Will and Testament , and so to betake himselfe ( hand ouer head ) into the hands of Pluto his magnificent Lord and maister . Capn. A very sharpe verdict . But Sir , what was the successe thereof ? Hydr. Vpon the hearing of this late-giuen verdict , the whole company aduise Cocke-on hoope to deuise of a Will : who willingly consented thereunto . And thereupon Rince-pot the Register , he is sent for in haste , to write & record the same . Rince-pot ( hauing formally put downe the stile of the Testament ) doth aske him withall , what he would haue him write . Cocke-on-hoope willeth him to write word for word from his mouth , as he vtters them forth : which ( immediatly after the ordinarie stile ) was thus in effect : namely , Drinke , then more drinke , then a little more drinke , then yet more drinke , then a little modicum of Bakers bread , then drinke againe , then more drinke , then a little more drinke , then yet more drinke , and so forth . Item , I appoint Arthur Ale-man mine onely Executor , making Huf-cap the Hunts-man , and Small-braines the Soomaker , the ioynt Superuisers of this my last Testament : allowing them all three , a full pipe of Tobacco , for their paines that way . Witnesse hereunto , the whole raskallike-rabblement of this our damned crew . Go to now ( saith Cocke-on hoope ) let me heare my last Testament . Content ( quoth Rince-pot ) and thereupon ( crying Silence my maisters ) he read the same forth in this following order : In the name of Belzebub , amen . I Cocke-on hoope Cobler , being now most shrewdly surfeited in my beastly bodie by reason of the good ale suddes , and damnablie soule-sicke in these my damned delights , but yet of a reeling and rotten remembrance , blessed be Bacchus therefore , do ordaine this my last Will and Testament , in manner and forme following . First , I bequeath my beastly body to Bacchus mine onely ale-mightie protector , and the same to be buried directly vnder our gallowes , at the East townes end : surrendring withall my swine-like soule into Belzebubs hands , to be shrined vp for euer in the neathermost Stygian gulph . Then next , I bequeath to the whole societie of these my carousing companions , as followeth : Namely , drinke , more drinke , a little more drinke , yet more drinke , then a little modicum of Bakers bread : then drinke againe , then more drinke , then yet a little more drinke , and so forth . Item , I appoint Arthur ale-man , the sole and onely Executor of this my last Testament , making Huf-cap the Hunts-man , and Small-braines the Shoomaker , my ioynt superuisers ; allowing to euery of them , a full pipe of Tobacco for his paines taken that way . Witnesse hereunto , the whole Rascabilian rabblement of this our damnable Crew . Lo this ( quoth Rince-pot ) is here set downe as your last Will and Testament : How like you thereof ? I do like it ( saith Cocke-on hoope ) exceeding well , sauing in one onely point , namely , that little modicum of Bakers bread marreth all : if that were some way amended , I do ●ot doubt to recouer forthwith . Can you not put out the modicum of Bakers bread clean , and put downe a good pipe of Tobacco in the place thereof ? That may be done with a trice ( quoth Rince-pot ) and so accordingly recordeth the same . Cocke-on hoope , at the hearing thereof ( being somthing recouered of his surfeiting sicknesse ) he biddeth Groutnolle the Girdler to reach maister Rince-pot the bottome of the pot for his paines : and withall prayeth False-chaps the Fiddler , & Partie-face the Piper to play him his resurrexit à mortuis . At which his idle conceite , the whole company they fell forthwith into an exceeding loud laughter : and thereupon ( calling eftsoones for faire Allicocke their Hostesse , as also for her fine minion , mistresse Winefride the wring-spigot ) they held it an ancient kind of carousing curtesie ( in a merrie memento ) to kisse both of them round for feare of some ranckling . Capn. But , how did Arthur her Husband like of that matter ? Hydr. Exceedingly well : and no maruell at all . For it is the manner of such cup-shotten companions , to accompt those wiues the best wiues ( what baddes-bies soeuer ) which with one after-noones sport , are able to make their pottage-pot play the better for a whole weeke together . Howbeit , here began the new broyle . Breede-hate , he breweth a maruellous brawle about his ordinary Fee for summoning the Grand-Iurie before ; and Runagate the Royster , he lendeth him a sound cuffe on the eare for the same . Whereupon the whole crew of companions fell a scuffling together , neither once knowing , nor yet caring whom they do strike , so they may soundly light pat on any mans pate . In this their drunken fought fray , there was giuen many a broken head , besides sundry drie blowes about their shoulders . At length they friendly parted themselues : and thereupon Arthur ( to saue his recognizance ) conueyes them one from another into seuerall corners , there to sleepe out the good-ale suddes . After all this ( hauing somewhat recouered their senses ) they call forthwith for a reckoning : which came iust to twentie shillings ten pence for ale , and seuen shillings sixe for Tobacco and candle . Such as had present money payed their shares : and such as had none , either layed downe their pawnes , or else ranne on the score till a further reckoning . And then ( calling for a fresh paire of cardes , and their reckoning cups ) they thought good to conclude their sport , with a game or too at Poope-noddie . Capn. At Poope noddie Sir ? What game ( I beséech you ) is that ? Hydr. What Capnistus ? art thou a professed Tobacconist : and knowest not Poope-noddie ? I had thought the very hearing of these former disorders , would haue made thee acquainted therewith . Well then , I will shew thee the whole sport , according to the credible information of such as learned the same themselues in a sound and setled experience . Marke it well man ; for this ( I assure thee ) it is : Namely , all the kine out of the stall ; all the sheepe out of the fold ; all the corne out of the barne ; all the coine out of the coffer ; all the webs out of the wardrobe ; all the pennies out of the purse ; all the drinke out of the pot ; all the wit out of the head ; all the shame out of the face ; all honestie out of the heart ; bodie it selfe vnderneath the boord ; and soule and all to the diuell . Lo here the sway of Poope-noddie : and this for a short suruey concerning any their disordered courses . Capn. Disordered courses indéed . But yet Sir , these courses ( how disordered soeuer ) they hurt onely themselues : neither do I perceiue as yet , how the same should be greatly pernicious to the good of our publike State. Hydr. Surely , Capnistus , thou art ouer shallow of conceit to deale in deeper matters of policie , if thou perceiuest not this . For ( besides the great hurt which those our Tobacconists do causelesly procure to their owne proper persons and states ) is it not exceedingly hurtfull to the publik good of our countrey , that any such able persons should be so carelesly permitted to cassier their publike callings ; to leade an idle and loytring life ; to lose their precious times ; to abandon their ancient trades ; to neglect their charges ; to consume their patrimonies ; to lauish forth their worldly preferments ; to waste their whole wealth ; & so to procure such needlesse pouerty vpon themselues and all theirs , as they must be enforced perforce , either to beg their bread , or to be maintained vpon publike charge at the least : to the vntimely imbeazilling of their present prouision , and the preposterous vndermining of publike good ? Tell me ( I pray thee ) whether these their disordered courses do not collaterally and consequently become very pestiferous to our publike State ? Besides that , these disordered persons , they are egregiously scandalous to sundry such others of like disposition , in giuing them all a very pernicious president to such profluuious expences as they are naturally prone vnto , by procuring them to the like disordered practises ; by causing them very carelesly to foreslip their present auailes ; to lose their precious times ; to neglect their commendable callings ; to cast off all Christian care concerning themselues , their wiues , their children , and all the folke of their familie ; yea and euen prodigally to dispend , and wastefully to consume their worldly wealths vpon vanishing and vaine delights . Are not these squandring courses of theirs become very pestiferous presidents , and most pernicious practises ( thinkest thou ) to the vndoubted preiudice of our publike State ? For how should publike States be prouidently supported , and safely preserued in their publike good : without the honest cares , the carefull endeuours , and industrious labours of men in their sundry professions and callings ? And who shall attend vpon such industrious , laborious , and painefull endeuours , if all sorts of trades-men should confusedly become such carousing companions ? And why should Cocke-on hoope the Cobler , or Ding-thrift the Dog-keeper , or False-chaps the Fidler , or Lithersbie the Lath-render , or Partiface the Piper , or Small-braines the Shoo-maker ; or Spend-all the Spurrier , or any other else of that retchlesse rascabilian route , be more priuiledged to plod forth their precious times in any such pestiferous practises , then either Bonny-boy the Barber ; or Doubti-man the Draper ; or Honest-heart the Hatter ; or Lustie-lad the Labourer ; or Trusty-man the Mason ; or True-pennie the Taylour ; or Labour-hard the Lock-smith , or any other man else that make conscience of their calling , that do n eate the bread of carefulnesse , that ( as the beloued of God ) do repose their whole rest in his gracious and most mercifull prouidence ? Capn. It is certainly euen so as you say . Hydr. Very well . And will not then ( thinkest thou ) these the disordered courses of those our carousing companions become very pernicious occasions of breeding and procuring a maruellous discontentednesse in the mindes of these other industrious persons , all the while they perceiue them thus wastefully to liue of the spoile ? The pretie Pismires prouiding o their meate in sommer , and gathering their winter foode in the haruest before , they can ( by no meanes ) abide and sloathfull Ants in their companie . The painefull Bees they cannot possibly endure that any idle Drones in the hiue , should p sucke vp the sweete of their diligent labours . And how ( thinkest thou ) may these our honest minded labouring men ( at any hand ) be made to mannage the ruinated estates of any such monstrous Minotaures as seeke nothing else ( in effect ) but euen vtterly to massacre and spoile their owne , and other mens publike preferments ? No , no , they will rather run desperately vpon them at once , like q fierce Assyrian Bees ; or cruelly r cluster about them as an angry swarme ; or s chase them away from their hiue at the least , like Amorite waspes ; and so send them t to beg their bread in desolate places . Capn. And very well worthie they are . Hydr. But yet this would I haue thee obserue herewithall : namely , that y e honester minded sort , grow maruellously miscontented with those their monstrous misorders . For , out vpon those gracelesse Ding-thrifts say they : what an excessiue spoile do they make of all the good blessings of God ? Wee must be carking and caring , while they sit carousing and carding ; we must be labouring , while they lie loytring ; we must be toyling at home , while they are tippling and trifling abroade ; we must be warily working in haruest , while they are wantonly wasting at ale-houses ; yea we ( alas ) must bee spending our spirits at plough , while they lie spoyling our purses at play . What reason haue we to become bondslaues for bellie-gods ; poore Saint Christophers , for proud carousers , diligent drudgs , for such desperate drunkards ; yea and most prouident sparers , for such prodigall spenders ? Is it not strange that authoritie should so curbingly bridle vs in , and so carelesly cast the raines in their neckes to all licentious courses ? That they should so greeuously u bind burdens vpon vs while our backes are readie to burst ; and so egregiously to winke at their carousing of cup after cup , while their bellies are readie to breake ? That they should so chargeably exact payment after payment vpon euery of vs for the necessarie support of publike affaires ▪ and so vncharitably grant payment to any of them for the pernicious supply of those their prodigall dispendings ? Or that a weekely contribution towards the poore , should be imposed vpon euery of vs : and a weekely distribution thereof be so pestiferously allowed to euery of them , to the irreligious robbing of poore men indeed and the profluuious dispending of our proper wealths ? Much better were we to forsake our painefull professions , and to follow eftsoones their prodigall practises , with an hourely expectation of like publike reliefe , then ( in this sort ) to toile and turmoile our selues about a pestiferous supportation of any their retchlesse reliefe . Lo here ( Capnistus ) how these honest poore men grow malcontented against those monstrous Minotaures ? how they begin to distaste authoritie for their pestiferous permission ? yea and how bitterly they murmure at those superfluous impositions which they are enforced eftsoones to vndergo about the vnnecessarie releeuing of these our riotous rungates ? May not these beginnings of mischiefe become very pestiferous in the end ( thinkest thou ) to our publike State ? Capn. Yes verily may they : and it were very conuenient they should be circumspectly preuented in time . Hydr. Very true as thou sayest . Howbeit ( in the meane time ) these our tippling Tobacconists they run headlong an end vpon sundrie other disordered courses , no lesse pernicious to our publike State then those other before . For when their patrimonies are all dispended ; when their worldly wealth is vtterly wasted ; yea when those their profluuious purses haue thus prodigally poured forth the best bloud in their bellies , then they bring their hungrie Hostesse some pretie pawne or pledge for their beloued liquor . Then their houshold trash must trudge forth ; then their whole webs of cloth must walke ; then their bras pots , their bras-pans , their platters and the rest , must be purloyned away for the vnnecessarie purchase of the blacke stone pot , and their pretie Tobacco pipe : yea then the very couerlet and sheetes from their bed must be carelesly chaffered forth for their filthie Tobacco fumes , and causlesse carousing cups . And now ( hauing their faces frecked ouer with a crimson colour , and their wits well whitled with the good-ale suds , and perceiuing withall , the pulse-veine of those their profluuious purses to beate very weake for want of further supply ) they begin forthwith to cast about for their neighbours chickins , to houer vp and downe for their hens ; yea and eftsoones to prey vpon their yong sucking pigs , for their owne and their hungrie Hostesses tooth , and what not besides ? Tell me ( I pray thee Capnistus ) are not these their disordered courses become very pestiferous practises to our publike State ? Capn. They are so , I must néeds confesse . Hydr. Well then , let vs here forbeare to speake further of their disordered courses ; and now turne our talke towards some of their l●te most dangerous attempts against the good of our State : to see whether these our tippling Tobacconists be not that waies also become most pernicious and pestilent companions towards y e wished welfare of our publike State. For when they haue played the Poope-noddies too long in dispending their worldly preferments after such a riotous sort , and are also enforced to feele the present want of their filthie fume , and to perceiue some lacke of that their beloued liquor , not knowing which waies in the world to supply their said wants : then they begin eftsoones to pray for the pestilence , to wish for wars , to hope for a change , to broach many dangerous babbles about some sodaine inuasion ; to mutter forth certaine mutinous murmurings concerning some ciuill dissensions among men of State ; yea and to wish the whole land on an vproare at least : that so they might come to make present spoile of Haukin-holdfast his house , or to preie vpon Godfrey-gather-goods purse . Tell me now Capnistus , are not these their desperate attempts most dangerously pestiferous to the present good of our publike State ? Capn. I dare not denie them to be certainly so . Hydr. And yet these ( alas ) they are but the beginnings of mischiefe , in comparison of those their subsequent most desperate attempts . For ( feeling once a greater increase of their present wants , and perceiuing all further supply therein to decrease more and more ) they do then forthwith become professed malcontents against the well setled peace of our publike State : wishing and praying eftsoones for their long expected Iubilee : and hoping earnestly after a presposterous deliuerance from all dutifull subiection towards their holie Superiors : telling their carousing companions , that it will neuer be merrie with boon-companions in England , before the inhabitants of England bee vp together by the eares among themselues . For then ( say they ) would forthwith begin the sport : then should we come to Catch that catch may ; yea then should we compell our countrey cormorants themselues , to catch at a broun-bread crust : whereas those mercilesse peasants do now leade the whole world in a string , and deale with good fellowes as it pleaseth themselues . Then would wee soone make their full barnes to supply the long lacke of this our beloued liquor , then would we constraine their rustie red ruddockes to run at our becke , and to attend vpon the pleasure of vs , and the rest of our carousing companions : yea then would we cause their inclosures to cracke . How sayeth thou Capnistus to these their desperate attempts , are they not ( thinkest thou ) most dangerously pestiferous to the present peace of our publike State ? Capn. Surely Sir , their desperate prate it selfe is very pernicious : for it puts disordered persons in present mind of some such desperate practises , as cannot but greatly preiudice the long and well setled peace of this our publike State. Hydr. Thou speakest the truth . And therefore , their very prate it selfe would forthwith be sharply suppressed , for feare of some subsequent mischiefe . Howbeit , these our tippling Tobacconists ( those riotous companions I meane ) they feare not to surpasse the pestilent bounds of that their pestiferous prate , by putting in present practise all those pernicious proiects and plots which their pestilent tongues had so audaciously , and so vndutifully prated of , long before . For Mad-braine the Make-shift , Proud-mind the Plummer , Small-braines the Shoomaker , and Iustle king the Ioyner , they do no sooner heare speech of causing Inclosures to crack , but forthwith they care not a point to cracke their desperate conscience on peeces , in an vndutifull vndertaking to set such a perillous practise on foote : arming themselues , and animating their desperate associates to the ioynt and speedier performance ( forsooth ) of such a preposterous enterprise . Pretending withall ( to such as demand a reason of those their desperate aduentures ) that one Maister Neede did this way set them on worke ; that they were resolued to deale no further therin , but according to Maister Mend-all his only direction , and with the authenticall warrant besides of an old penall Statute against such hurtfull Inclosures : yea and that also ( for their protection and pay ) they marched vnder the approued conduct of Captaine Pouch . This exploit was no sooner bruited abroad , but the very garbage of gracelesse subiection ; they off-scouring of honestie ; the scumme of humanitie ; yea the whole rif-raffe of vicious persons came flocking thicke and threefold from euery coast vnto their accursed company : reporting abroad , they had twelue pence aday for their paines , with wine , ale , and beere so much as their bellies would hold . These flying reports drew multitudes vnto them from euery place , and procured them many moe fauourets wheresoeuer they came : who would not sticke on their ale-bench to say , God speed the plough , though yet they durst not afford them their presence . How sayest thou Capnistus , are not these the odde youths of our countrey ? Are not these our old suresbies to serue at a pinch , and to helpe our State at any dead lift ? What saist thou mā , to these desperate practises ? Capn. I should accompt them desperate practices indéed , had they not had the Kings broade-seale for their warrant : which was commonly reported they had . Hydr. The Kings broade-seale for their warrant ? Fie , fie for shame man , that any such the incredible reports of idle-brain'd fellowes , should once make thee imagine we had but a foole to our King. Capn. God forbid that such a grosse and vndutifull imagination should euer be found in any true hearted subiect . For all the whole world doth vniuersally both know , and acknowledge his Highnesse to haue a most admirable , superexcellent , and sanctified wisedome . Hydr. They do so I confesse , and this also not without a iustly deserued cause , I assure thee : beseeching the Almightie Iehouah that x onely wise God , euen ten y times yet more to double his spirit of wisedome vpon him . And yet without doubt , his Highnesse should herein haue shewed a very slender vse of his said excellent wisdome ; if ( as that rebellious rout made publike report ) he should ( by his Prerogatiue royall ) first priuiledge them to dispark and disclose all such Inclosures : & then should forth with authentically arme a subordinate power to suppresse their person with z the sharpe sword of vengeance , if none other peaceable meanes might make them desist from those their desperate attempts . For how long ( thinkest thou ) could his Highnesse securely continue a supereminent King ouer England , if he should so improuidently haue set all his subiects in England together by the eares ? Capn. Not halfe so long ( I feare me ) as a my heartie desire is he may by many hundred yeares : if it were so the good pleasure of God. And surely , the whole world may now plainly perceiue by the sequele it selfe , that those foolish reports were purposely prolated abroad , to make the foolish people applaud their irregular procéedings . But yet Sir , it was commonly said , that the yong Prince himselfe ( by the peremptorie command of his mercifull mother ) was priuately conuersant with thē , to protect their procéedings this way : and moreouer , that the good King of Denmarke himselfe was personally , and newly entred England with fortie thousand strong to mannage their matter in hand . Hydr. Oh heauens ! Oh hell ! Oh horrible hideous helhounds ! Was it likely ( thinkest thou ) that the enterprise it selfe should euer attaine to an happy end , which was formerly begun , and forthwith continued with such horrible and such monstrous lies ? Although yet this their diuellish dissembling doth palpably discouer their diuellish dissent to all the world , and that their impudent lying , most apparently vnfolds their impudent b lying father the diuell . For is it possible ( thinkest thou ) that such a pearelesse Prince should proudly attempt , or such a gracious Queene , should preposterously command any one proiect or plot , so authentically , and so peremptorily countermanded by his most excellent Highnesse before ? Or is it credible in nature , that a naturall King , yea a King of such a sanctified nature withall , should so vnnaturally permit his owne naturall Prince ( being the c primarie of-spring of his fatherly strength ) the secondarie supply of his princely succession , and the happy eternitie also of Englands princely hope on earth : is it credible ( I say ) that such a prudent fatherly King should so improuidently permit his owne naturall sonne ( in such dangerous manner ) to sort himselfe among such degenerate and desperate monsters , as neither regarded God nor the diuell in those their desperate and dangerous attempts ? And now next ( concerning the good King of Denmarke himselfe ) may it in any humane reason ( thinkest thou ) bee possibly brought within the compasse of paganish humanity , that an humane King ( being withall so good and so Christian a King , a King ouer a nation so humane and Christian , an humane kingly brother to so humane and Christian a King ) should so inhumanely , and so vnchristianly inuade so humane and Christian a kingdome ; either to mannage so inhumane , and so vnchristian an enterprise , or once to vndertake so inhumane , and so vnchristian an exploite ? God forbid that any humane , or Christian-minded man should once dare ( so inhumanely and so vnchristianly to dreame of any such palpable fooleries : or that any sound-hearted subiects should seeke to shelter such desperate attempts , vnder any such plausible pretences . Capn. I wish so much with all my heart . Neither did I euer admit such an idle imagination to enter my head : howsoeuer ( by obiecting the same to your selfe ) I déemed it very conuenient that those their palpable fooleries , and treacherous pretences should thus be desplayed to all y ● world . But yet Sir , many men ( notwithstanding ) do confidently affirme that they had the warrant of an old statute law , against such a lawlesse inclosing or arrable grounds conuerted to pasture . Hydr. I do not denie , but that ( for the necessarie vpholding of husbandrie , as also against the apparent decaying of tillage ) there haue bene sundrie good penall statutes prouided from time to time . First in the d reigne of Henrie the seauent ▪ y e same also being further fortified by sundry other like godly statutes , in the reigne of Henrie the eight ; with a fresh corroboration also therof , at sundry other Parlaments since , in the flourishing reign of our late soueraigne Ladie Queene Elizabeth : yea and those also more fully confirmed since by the Kings most excellent Highnesse , at his very first entrance into this his kingdome . So as wise men may iustly wonder that any one of those our e gripers and grinders of poore mens faces , should not be grosly ashamed to shew their shamelesse faces , in but once daring either to vphold their old , or to aduenture so boldly vpon any other new inclosing of tillage , contrary to those the former most forcible statues , considering especially the greeuous penalties imposed vpon euery such wilfull transgression . But what ? doth it follow thereof ( thinkest thou ) that ( because for the needful vpholding of tillage there are prouided many good statutes , ) therefore these disordered persons ( for the better preseruation of tillage ) might ( at their priuate pleasures ) very boldly pull downe whatsoeuer Inclosures against those the said statutes ? Nothing lesse . And therefore , it was to no purpose at all for those persons to pretend so presumptuously the supposed timely supportation of those their disordered attempts from any those penall statutes , vnlesse they could shew in some one of those statutes , an apparent Prouiso at least ; that one maister Neede , maister Mend-all , maister Proud-mind the Plummer , maister Small-braines the Shoo-maker , maister lustle-king the Ioyner , with the residue of that rafcabilian rebellious rout ( so riotously marching vnder the conduct of Captaine Pouch ) had speciall priuiledge to disparke and disclose such lawlesse Inclosures euen in an open despite of the owners themselues , as also , in a rebellious contempt of our gracious Soueraigne . Capn. Sir , I am certainly assured there is no such Prouiso at all , in any one of those the forenamed statutes . Hydr. Then am I also as certainly assured , that they did more then they might do by much . And so ( for that their lawlesse vsurpation of the Princes sword contrary to Christ his commandement , who chargeth all priuate persons to put vp the sword into his owne place : because , whosoeuer in such sort vsurpeth f the sword , shall be sure to perish with the sword ) they were therefore most iustly suppressed by that the Prince his authenticall sword , who g beares not the same for nought , but is the subordinate minister of that immortall Prince who hath power to take an ineuitable vengeance on such as do euill . Capn. But Sir , séeing those kinde of Inclosures , are so directly opposite to the good lawes of our land , as I perceiue by the former statutes they are : it séemeth strange to those disordered persons themselues , as also to their fauourites of euery sort , that such an hard hand should be caried against them , for but pulling downe that which is so directly opposite to the law it selfe . Hydr. Howsoeuer all those kinds of Inclosures which directly do tend to the hinderance of husbandrie , and decay of tillage be vndoubtedly opposite to those the established lawes of our land , as I she wed thee before : yet had those disordered persons no one law of the land ( in such riotous and rebellious sort ) to pull downe Inclosures ; but rather y e sharpe lawes of our land against euery such disordered and vnlawfull attempt : as is apparently euident in h sundry good penall statutes prouided against riots , routes , and vnlawfull assemblies . And therefore , no hard , but an heedfull hand for publike good , was so carried against them . Capn. I must néeds acknowledge so much as you say , if ( indéed ) there be any such sharpe lawes prouided against those disordered actions : and therefore I beséech you set downe some summarie abridgement of those selfe same lawes , as well for my further satisfaction herein , as also for a necessarie caueat or watchword to all others hereafter , to beware how they deale afresh in any such disordered actions . Hydr. With all my heart ; and therefore , giue eare to the words of those statutes as followeth thus : If i any persons to the number of twelue or aboue , shall intend , go about , practise , or put in vre with force of armes vnlawfully , and of their owne authoritie , to ouerthrow , cut , breake , cast downe , or dig vp the pales , hedges , ditches , or other the Inclosure of any parke , or other ground inclosed ; or the bankes of a fish-pond , or poole ; or any Conduicts for water , Conduict-heads , or Conduict-pipes hauing course of water ; to the intent that any of the same from thenceforth should remaine open , not inclosed , or void ; or vnlawfully to haue common , or way in the said Parke , or other ground inclosed , or in any of them ; or to destroy the Deere in any Parke ; or any warren of Conies , or any Doue houses ; or any Fish in any Fish-pond or Poole ; or to pull , or cut downe any houses , barnes , mils , or baies , or to burne any stacks of corne ; or to abate , or diminish the rents , or yearely value of any lands , or tenements , or the price of any victuall , corne or graine , or any other things vsuall for the sustenance of men ; and being required or commanded by any Iustice of Peace , or by the Sheriffe of the Countie , or by the Maior , Bailieffe or Bailieffes , or other head-officers of any Citie , or towne-corporate where such assemblies shall be had , by Proclamation to be made in the Kings name , to returne in peaceable manner to their places and houses from whence they came : and they or any of them ( notwithstanding such Proclamation ) shall remaine and make their continuance together , by the space of one whole houre after such commandement or request made by Proclamation ; or after that , shall ( in forcible manner ) do , or put in vre any of the things before mentioned : then as well euery such continuing together , as euery such Act , that ( after such commandement , or request by Proclamation made ) shall be done , practised , or put in vre by any persons being aboue the number of t●elue , shall be adiudged felonie ; and the offenders therein , shall be adiudged felons , and shall suffer onely the execution of death , as in cases of felonie . Lo here Capnistus , whether there be not a plaine sta●ute directly against such disordered and vnlawfull attempts : what sayest thou vnto it ? Capn. In déede Sir , I do now perceiue that the case is very cleare against all such riots , routs , and vnlawfull assemblies for any the forenamed intents , by what persons soeuer attempted : and therefore , I dare not ( in any sort ) approue of the late vnlawfull enterprise of those disordered persons . And yet ( had not some bad practices by sundry of lewd disposition ) incensed and raised vp the people of euery Towne thereabouts , for very shame to yéeld their present assistance to that vnlawfull enterprice ; neither had the assemblie it selfe bene so mightie as it was , by many hundred folds ; nor the primarie attempters thereof ( being but few in number before ) neuer would , nor could haue continued the disorder so long as they did : and therefore , thē selues & their fauourites thinke there should haue bin had a more respectiue pitie vpon the first actors thereof . Hydr. Nay , not one whit . For as it was their owne disorder first , which subiected their persons to such a sharpe and bitter suppression : so surely , all those the incensers and raysers of others whosoeuer they be , they are ( by the iust sentence of law ) made liable likewise to the selfe same punishment , as appeareth in those the forenamed statutes , telling them thus . If k any person or persons vnlawfully and without authoritie , by ringing of any bels , sounding of any trumpet , drumme , horne , or other instrument , or by fiering of any Beacon , or by malicious speaking , or vttering of any words , or making any outcry , or by setting vp , or casting of any bill or writing abrode , or by any other act , shall raise , or cause to be raised , or assembled , any persons to the number of twelue or aboue ; to the intent that they should do or put in vre any of the things aboue mentioned ; and that the persons ( to the number of twelue , or aboue ) so raised and assembled after request , or commandement had , or giuen in forme aforesaid , shall continue together as is aforesaid , or vnlawfully , and in forcible manner shall commit , or put in vre any of the things aforesaid : then all and singular persons , by whose speaking , act , or any other meanes aboue specified , any persons to the number of twelue or aboue , shall be raised or assembled fo● the doing , or putting in vre any thing , or things aboue mentioned , sh●ll be adiudged for his so speaking or doing , a felon , and shall suffer execution of death , as in case of felonie . What sayest thou Capnistus , to these raisers of vnlawfull assemblies ? doth such action of theirs either helpe themselues , or any way quallifie the disordered enterprise of those other disordered persons ? Capn. Neither of both , if I my selfe vnderstand the matter aright . But Sir , howsoeuer the concourse of people ( in those their vnlawfull assemblies ) was growne to a wonderful greatnesse : yet surely , had they not bene excéedingly animated , encouraged , and hardned forwards in those their disordered enterprises by such as assisted them with meate , drinke , monie , and other like néedful supplies , they neither would , nor could possibly haue held out so long as they did : and therefore , so much the more to be pitied , as them selues and sundry others suppose . Hydr. Not fo . And surely , euen this which they say here , doth rather aggrauate , then extenuate the act . For it plainly purporteth to all the world , that neither their loue to God and the King ; nor the conscionable obedience to his Maiesties lawes , neither yet the terrour of threatned death , but the onely exceeding great want of some needfull supply for the present , could possibly suppresse the outrage of those their vnruly attempts . And as for those their inconsiderate and rash releeuers , it had bene much better for euery of them , to haue left such vnlawfull assemblies succourlesse at sixe and seauen , without yeelding them succour at all , then ( by the preposterous supply of those their preposterous wants ) to procure their owne present woes , in making them selues guiltie likewise of those their iustly deserued punishments : as by the former statutes is very apparent , telling them thus : If l any wife , or seruant of any of the same persons assembled , or any other person else whatsoeuer , shall willingly , and without compulsion bring , send , deliuer , or conuey any monie , harnesse , artillery , weapon , meate , bread , drinke , or other victuall , to any person or persons so assembled as is aforesaid , during such time as her or they shall so bee together : then euery wife , seruant , or other person so bringing , sending , deliuering , or conueying any of the foresaid things to the same persons so assembled , or to any of them , and not departing to their dwelling places vpon request or commandement made vnto them as is aforesaid , shall be adiudged a Fellon , and shall suffer onely the execution of death as in cases of fellonie . These things exactly considered , what thinkest thou now of that former hard hand , so vniustly surmized , against them selues , their abettors , procurers , and counsellers ; as also , their assistants , aiders , and comforters : were they not very well worthie of whatsoeuer hard measure befell them ? Capn. I must néeds acknowledge the same from my heart . Although yet , they them selues , and their fantasticall fauourites so couertly séeme to impose some imputation of blame vpon those his Maiesties Iustices who were next to the places where they so assembled them selues : because they no sooner suppressed the outrage , or euer it came to such a strong head ; as also , for that they then caried so hard an hand in suppressing the same as they did . Hydr. Oh horrible ingratitude of base minded monsters ! that would so outragiously procure their owne hurt , and then thus vnhonestly go about to impose the blame thereof vpon those his Maiesties Iustices , whom rather they ought to reuerence and loue all the daies of their life , in an onely regard of that their exceeding great lenitie , and Christian care to restraine their said excessiue outrage , with none or as little spilling of bloud as possibly might be . For , did not those his Maiesties Iustices from time to time ( by all gentle and louing allurements ) very earnestly labour their peaceable and quiet departures in euery place ? Did they not rather aduenture the hazard of m an hundred pounds apeece in regard of their kind and godly forbearance a while , then that they would set too fiercely vpon them at first ? And ( hauing solemnely published his Maiesties late Proclamation in euery open market ) did they not euen then also intimate eftsoones his Maiesties further pleasure concerning their speedie suppressing by force and armes , if none other meanes else would serue the turne ? Yea and ( which more is by much ) did they not ( with often intreaties , againe and againe ) perswade them to a peaceable departure , or euer they published the appointed Proclamation against their outragious disorders , or did once endeuour to put the seueritie of his Maiesties power in practise vpon them ? Capn. What Proclamation I pray you was that ? Hydr. The same which is authentically put downe among those forenamed statutes in this following order : First his Maiesties Iustices caused to be openly made an Oyes : & then afterwards was deliberately pronounced these following words , or the like in effect : n The King our soueraigne Lord chargeth and commandeth all persons assembled , immediatly to disperse them selues , and peaceably to depart to their habitations , or to their lawfull businesse , vpon the paine contained in the Act lately made against vnlawfull and riotous assemblies . And God saue the King. Capn. And was this Proclamation then published accordingly ? Hydr. That was it , I assure thee , and a full respite giuen them withall , for their peaceable departures , with like vehement perswasions thereunto as before . And ( which more is ) did not his Maiesties said Iustices , vpon the very day of the skirmish it selfe ( for the former part of the day ) both traine and march their souldiers very neare the place of that their vnlawfull assemblie , of very purpose , to strike an impression of feare in their hearts , to further their present departures ? Did they not moreouer send sundry messengers of purpose vnto them to perswade that matter by all possible meanes ? Did not some of his Maiesties Iustices solicite them sundrie times on their knees with teares ? Yea did not the right worshipfull Sir Anthony Mild-may ( with hat in hand ) very earnestly intreate the same , or that ( at the least ) they would desist from their purpose for fiue , or sixe daies , till they might know his Maiesties further pleasure ? yea and ( which is most to be wondred at ) did not the said Iustices before the skirmish began ( in an exceeding great care of sparing their bloud ) giue secret direction to the whole companie of shot , for discharging the first volley of shot but idlely vpon them , in hope that the sodaine feare of the said shot , would make them the sooner depart the field ? Capn. But Sir , what effect did all this take among them , I pray you ? Hydr. All the premises were so farre off from working their timely departure , as they were rather more desperately imboldned in that their rebellious attempt . For not onely they cast vp their caps with a wonderfull shoute , crying , Againe , againe , come better , come better : but they endeuoured also with stones , and other bad meanes , to driue the said Iustices , with his Maiesties power from out of the fields . Which their said in satiable outrage did then enforce a sharper fresh charge and onset vpon them ; whereof ( I suppose ) they were very well worthie . Tell me now Capnistus : was this an hard hand against them , or no ? Capn. Surely Sir , if all this be certainly true , I must néeds confesse they were very well worthy of whatsoeuer hard measure befell them either then , or at any time since , Although yet their fauourites , and such as applaud the enterprise , they say their intent was onely for publike good : yea and they worke also it selfe ( namely , the casting downe of such vnlawfull Inclosure ) was simply and in it owne nature , a very good worke . Hydr. First , for the truth of the matter , let those parties themselues vndertake to contradict the same in any one point , if they possibly can . Next , for thei● good intent : who can certainly say what good intent they had in them selues , saue onely that God who is o card●ognostes , the searcher ( I meane ) of the heart and the reines ? But be it , their intention therein was fully so good as themselues and their senslesse fauourites do seeme to surmise : can the goodnesse of any mans intention , make good an vnlawfull action ? I suppose no : because it is not enough for a man to do what which in it selfe is simplie good and iust , vnlesse the same also be iustly effected . And whereas they accompt such casting downe of Inclosures a very good worke , they do therein declare them selues , either such as cannot p euenly discerne betweene the right hand and the left , and therefore vtterly vnable to distinguish soundly betweene good and euill : or such impudent wretches at least , as are not ashamed of sinne , nor yet care for honestie in any respect . But ( being growne to a desperate impietie ) do q speake good of euill , and euill of good ; putting darkenesse for light , and light for darknesse , holding bitter for sweete , and sweete for bitter : and therefore a fearefull woe with a vengeance , is denounced against them . For may that be a good worke ( thinkest thou ) which was so wilfully wrought with the r wronging of others ; with open contempt of publike authoritie , & with an obstinate rebellion against God , and his Maiesties highnesse ? Capn. Sir , those men ( commending the goodnesse of that worke ) do meane ( as I verily imagine ) the onely matter it selfe , that is , the onely disparking of such lawles Inclosures : and not any such a disordered manner of casting Inclosures downe . Hydr. Then surely , howsoeuer the matter ( the disparking of Inclosures I meane ) be simply good in it selfe , their manner of casting Inclosures downe ( by their owne confession ) was simply euill ; and so the very worke it selfe , which was thus outragiously , and without authoritie performed by them , deserues not the name of any good worke . But be it here supposed , their action was simply lawfull : and now tell me withall what makes them to thinke that the casting downe of Inclosures should ( in it owne selfe ) be simplie good ? Capn. Because then ( say they ) such conuerting of pasture to arrable ground , must necessarily tend to the mightier augmentation of tillage : and so consequently to the publike good of our countrey . Hydr. As though the owners of such pasture grounds were more necessarily constrained to plough vp their said grounds being so disparked , then at any time before when they were hedged in . But suppose those said grounds were all conuerted to tillage ; how are they able to proue , that the augmentation of tillage doth vndoubtedly tend to the publike good of our countrey ? Capn. Because ( say they ) the augmentation of tillage would procure more plentie of corne by much ; the great plentie of corne would presently pull downe the excessiue prices of corne : & the excessiue prices of corne being brought once to a very low rate , then the Artificer , the Tradesman , and poore labouring people might more merrily liue by much . For was it not a merrie world ( say they ) when a man might buy barley and pease for foure pence the bushel , mault for fiue , rie for sixe , and wheate for seauen or eight at the most ? Hydr. In deede , those our beastly bellie-gods who liue onely to eate , but not eate to liue , they reason euen so for all the world , saying thus : Oh sir ! was it not f a merrie world ( I pray you ) when a poore man might buy twentie foure egges for a pennie ? Or as those our tippling Tobacconists do now say one to another : Ah sirrha , how sayest thou ( my heart ) was it not a merrie world ( thinkest thou ) when good fellowes might haue foure gallons of good-ale for an halfe-pennie ? And thus , these our poore mault wormes they measure the publike good of our countrey by their owne proper bellies , and so determine the matter and meanes of maintenance ( thou maist see ) as if the welfare of countries and kingdomes consisted wholly in gormandizing and gulling in of meates and drinkes , and in an onely fragging and pampering of poore mens bellies , though it were with the filching and pining of all other besides them selues . Yea surely , these our tippling Tobacconists they measure the welfare of men in the world , as the common drunkard vseth to size the fatietie of such as sit with him at table , by the onely placing of all y e good-ale pots plumme vnder his owne proper nose , saying thus to the rest : Sirs , set vp your pots hither I pray you , that euery man may the more easily reach them . As though he him selfe were euery man , or as if ( because the said pots be now within the reach of his owne proper nose ) it may be t enough for the rest to see them , or to liue by their onely smell , without any tasting at all . Euen such is our tippling Tobacconists care ( thou maist see ) for publike good . Although yet , I will not denie , but that this which they thus babble abroad , might haue in it some better resemblance of truth , if in ( very deede ) the welfare of kingdomes co●sisted alone in the exceeding great plentie of corne , and in an onely superfluous support of the poorer sort . And therefore ( for a further manifestation of this one matter now in question ) let vs here first consider vpon what kind of people the welfare of countries and kingdomes doth chiefly consist : and then next , whether the low prices of corne would bee the onely best meanes for the better vpholding of that kind of people . Capn. Vpon what kind of people , I pray you , doth the welfare of countries and kingdomes chiefly consist ? Hydr. Vpon that selfesame kind ( I verily suppose ) which best maintaine●h the whole , or greatest multitude of men in the kingdome . For sith the u honour of a King is immoueably setled vpon the multitude of Subiects , and that ( for want of such Subiects ) the Prince himselfe must necessarily come ( in successe of time ) to an ineuitable desolation and spoile : who seeth not now , but that the happie estate of kings , of kingdomes , and countries must consequently arise from that sort especially , whereby the greatest multitude of true hearted Subiects is most surely maintained ? But that sort ( all men know by daily experience ) is the Yeomanrie or Husbandrie of countries and kingdomes : because by it are Kings supported ; by it , are Princes and Nobles sustained ; by it , all artificers , trades-men , and poore labouring people are preserued from famine . For tell me , I pray thee Capnistus , from whom especially do Kings receiue their subsidies , their fifteenes , their taxes , and yearely prouisions for any their domesticall or publike affaires , but principally , or collaterally from poore husbandman ? From whom do the poore , the Nobles , and Gentrie of countries or kingdomes possesse their annuall rents , their ancient reuenewes , their incomes and fines , their boonings and ordinarie carriages , but primarily from out of poore husbandmens purses ? From whose onely endeauours and labours do all Artificers . Trades-men , and poore labouring people enioy their bread-corne , and mault-corne , but onely , and altogether from the poore husbandmans plough ? Capn. That is certainly so : and thereupon they boldly conclude without all contradiction , that the augmentation of tillage would yéeld a further complement to all those the former supplies . Hydr. Very well . Now then we are consequently come to consider more especially of that our second propounded point . Namely ( for that the surest supportation of all estates in a countrey or kingdome doth primarily consist in the ordinarie vpholding of husbandmen ) whether therefore the augmentation of tillage ( all other things continuing still in their ordinarie course ) would become the onely best ordinarie meanes to maintaine that one onely state it selfe in such solid condition , as that thereby also all other estates besides are the more surely supported from time to time ? My meaning is this , whether ( all other things else continuing stil their ordinarie accustomed rate ) the onely augmentation of tillage must be adiudged the best meanes of all to maintaine and vphold the husbandmans happie estate ? Capn. Surely Sir , they do all ioyntly imagine it would be so . Hydr. Their vncertaine imaginations , they are no certaine conclusions . And therefore , do speake directly to the question propounded : by giuing some certaine demonstration of that their vncertaine imagination . Capn. They take in hand to demonstrate the matter thus . By the augmentation of tillage ( say they ) there might be maintained in England , as many moe husbandmen as there are at this present . And so the greater multitude of husbandmen , the greater aboundance of corne ; and the greater aboundance of corne , the better cheape it would be by much . Hydr. They shew themselues to be men of shallow conceipts : because such an augmentation of husbandrie , would directly become an augmentation of beggerie . For if a poore husbandmā may now very hardly vphold his present husbandrie , when corne is presently worth some two shillings sixe-pence at least : how should he be able to vphold the same in any good sort , when the price of corne is but sixe-pence the bushell at most ? Capn. That might be very well done , say they : because for euery bushell he hath at this present , he should then be sure to haue full foure at the least . Hydr. They haue no certaine assurance of such a proportion : because the increase of their labours consisteth not x in any their owne proper planting , but in the onely good blessing of God. But be it supposed , the increase it were ce●tainly such as they say ; and yet euen then also a man may plainly perceiue , that ( according to this their propounded proportion ) the poore husbandmans state should euen now become worse then it was before , by sixepence at least in euery bushell . For if he might vsually sell his one bushell before for two shillings sixe-pence at least , and now ( that corne is so cheape ) can sell those his foure bushels but for bare two shillings at most , is not the poore husband-mans state impouerished , rather then bettered , by this their augmentation of tillage , notwithstanding any the exceeding great plentie of corne ? Now then , if the abundance of corne ( arising from that their former augmentation of tillage ) be brought once to such a low price , as ( albeit the poore husbandman had now foure bushels at least for euery one bushell before : how shall he be able ( in such an impouerished estate ) to discharge his annuall rents , to performe his seruants wages , to prouide plough and plough-geares , cart and cart-geares , at such an excessiue reckoning , to defray his domesticall charges , and vphold his husbandrie also , without the vtter impouerishing of his present estate ? Capn. Very true . But then the rents of Farmes would be brought to some low reckoning they say : and so should the husbandman be somewhat eased thereby . Hydr. How should the rents of Farmes be brought to a lower reckoning , when the greatest number of Farmes are leassed forth for some ten , twentie , yea forty yeares yet to come , with a strict couenant for such an excessiue rent , during the whole remainder of yeares ? Those our husbandmen therefore being thus shrewdly impouerished through the small prices of corne , and no way eased of those their excessiue rents , neither yet any thing bettered by the abundance of corne : who seeth not , but that such an augmentation of tillage , would become the vndoubted diminution of the poore husbandmans estate ? Capn. The Kings Maiestie might be moued ( they hope ) to mitigate those their excessiue rents in such reasonable sort , as the poore husbandman may be able to liue well of his Farme . Hydr. Yea , but sith the leasing forth of lands is allowed by positiue lawes , and for that many of our Noble-mens and Gentlemens lands are already so leased forth : the Kings Maiestie ( gouerning the whole kingdome by those his positiue lawes ) he will not so farre forth intermeddle with those Noble-men , and Gentlemens priuate possessions , vnlesse such an extraordinarie course did necessarily tend to a more publike good , then these our preposterous platformers are yet able to demonstrate vnto him , by any one probable reason . Besides that , as the head must ( by no meanes ) go about to strengthen the legs and the feete , by infeebling the shoulders and armes ; for that would bring hurt to the whole body it selfe : no more may his excellent Highnesse ( for the onely support of inferiour subiects ) so weaken the good estate of his Nobles and Gentlemen , ( who are the very shoulders and armes of his kingdome ) as they shall not bee able to yeeld him their publike assistance in time of need . For must not our Nobles and Gentlemen , of necessitie be maintained by their yearely reuenewes and rents ? But this could not now be possibly done , if those their annuall rents and reuenewes were brought to such an abatement as these our base-minded platformers propound to them selues . And therefore ( all other things else continuing still in such sort as they presently do ) I cannot perceiue ( I assure thee ) how the poore husbandmans state should not rather be hindred , t●●n helped by this their preposterous augmentation of tillage . Capn. But , if husbandmen ( say they ) were wise , vpon the clause of réentrie contained in their lease , they would ( by one vniforme consent ) make presently a forfaiture of all their old leases , for the none-payment of those their excessiue rents : and so suffer their land-lords to réenter vpon their farmes . Hydr. A very proper deuice to impouerish them selues , and to procure a present great hurt to our publike good : because ( by this meanes ) that their supposed great multitude of Farmers should rather be decreased , then any thing increased at all . Moreouer , what would then become of that their augmentation of tillage which they so eagerly pursue , if all Farmers should so foolishly forfait their leases ? But ( to shew them their follie more plaine ) bee it supposed a great number of Farmes were so fallen , and left for a while in the land-lords hands , what issue ( thinkest thou ) might follow thereof for publike good ? Capn. This good ( say they ) would follow thereof : Namely , by that time those insatiable land-lords had held such forfaited Farmes in their owne occupation but seauen yeares together , they would be right glad to let them afresh at a farre easier reckoning . Hydr. As though ( if the Farmer did good on such a Farme , notwithstanding his former excessiue rent ) the land-lord sitting rentfree , and throughly occupying that selfesame Farme , might not do much more good thereof then did the Farmer before him : yea and so perhaps ( beginning a little to feele the sweetnesse of gaine ) will not hereafter lease forth the faid Farme any more , but still hold the same in his owne occupation . How then ? Where are now become the great multitude of Farmers which these our foolish platformers do idlely dreame of by this their augmentation of tillage ? But be it supposed those land-lords so holding those forfaited Farmes in their owne hands for seauen yeares together , would quickly waxe wearie , and so be right glad to lease them afresh at a more reasonable reckoning : how then ? what ( in the meane time ) thinkest thou are husbandmen bettered ? or how is husbandrie it selfe any better held vp by this their idle augmentation of tillage , when ( by reason of the low prices of corne , and such excessiue great rents ) the poore husbandman himselfe is enforced to forsake his Farme for seauen yeares together , in hope of an easier rent : and in all the meane while both he and all his fit pilling of strawes by the fire side ? When in the meane while all tillage decayeth ; the old store of corne is quite consumed ; the Nobles and Gentlemen are mightily impouerished for want of their vsuall rents ; and poore men are famished for lacke of foode ? Is this the publike good we are to expect from that their former augmentation of tillage ? But , be it supposed againe , that the poore husbandmen might now haue those their said Farmes at twenty nobles rent by the yeare , for which they payed yearely some twentie pounds at the least before : would those husbandmens state become any thing better now by this abatement of rent , then it formerly was when they payed twentie pounds yearely at least ? Capn. What one wise man ( say they ) would make any question thereof ? Hydr. That would I mine owne selfe , I assure thee , not without great probabilitie of reason also : and therefore , do heartily desire thine owne selfe , as also those our disordered Tobacconists , that you would herein permit me to y play the foole for a while ; because you your selues are so wonderfull wise in your proper conceipts . And ( for a further demonstration hereof ) let it here be supposed againe , that the poore husbandman ( when he sate vpon twentie pounds rent before ) by his good husbandrie grew yearely some threescore quarters of corne ; and that now ( paying but twentie nobles a yeare ) he doth one yeare with another reape some twelue score quarters of corne at the least ; which ( thou mayest not denie ) were a wonderfull oddes : yet surely ( so long as all other things else do hold their accustomed rate ) thou mayest plainly perceiue ( euen by that selfe same proportion which them selues haue made ) that the poore husbandmans state ( notwithstanding the former abatement of rents , and great abundance of corne ) is farre worse now then it was before when he payed a farre greater rent , and grew not so much corne by foure times double at least . For first , if we rate his threescore quarters of corne but at threescore pounds , after two shillings sixepence the bushel , who seeth not plainly but that ( deducting twentie pounds from the same for his twentie pounds rent ) he hath still remaining fortie pounds to himselfe , for the timely discharge of his other domesticall expences , as also the orderly vpholding of that his said husbandrie ? Perceiuest thou this Capnistus ? Capn. He were worthie to be crowned a coxecombe , that cannot perceiue the same ? Hydr. Go to then , let vs now likewise obserue that their former proportion also in their abundance of corne , and abatement of rents , by rating their tweluescore quarters of corne , at their owne wished price , namely , at fiue pence the bushell , that is , three shillings foure-pence the quarter ; and so , our totall summe for the tweluescore quarters amounts but to fortie pounds . From this now deduct his twenty nobles rent ( which is their desired abatement ) and so hath he left to himselfe but fortie markes at the most , to defray his domesticall charges and vphold his said husbandrie . Is not herein his estate made worse then it was before by twentie markes yearely at least , notwithstanding his former twentie pounds rent , and the small quantitie of corne , in comparison of his tweluescore quarters now ? So then , this his impouerished state being soundly considered , as also , the excessiue charges of all other things being still considered ; how shall this poore husbandman be able ( thinkest thou ) to vphold his said husbandrie , to maintaine his owne house , to pay seruants their wages , to bring vp his children , to performe to the Kings Maiestie his ordinarie subsidies , fifteenes , taxes , prouision , and such other extraordinarie payments , without the vtter subuersion of himselfe , and his happie estate ? Capn. Good Sir , your obseruations herein they are , I assure you , very probable , neither do I perceiue how the poore husbandmans state should possibly ( in such an abatement of the prices of corne ) be bettered one pennie by the augmentation of tillage : vnlesse all other things else that belong to his husbandry , were likewise abated in price . Hydr. Thou conceiuest the matter aright . For whereas in former times ( when corne was sold for fiue pence a bushell ) the poore husbandman payed for a good new cart but one noble at most : now he payeth foure nobles at least for the like . Then he might buy him a plough readie made for fourteene pence ; now it will stand him in fourteene groates at the least . Then he might prouide him his yron-workes for three farthings the pound : now he must pay three pence halfe-penny for euery pound at the least . Then he might haue a whit-leather hide for one shilling at most : now he payeth fiue shillings foure pence at least . Then he might haue had an acre of grasse both mowne and made to his hands for two groates , or ten-pence at most : now he must giue two shillings sixe pence at least , and not haue it so well done by the halfe . Then might he hire a very good man-seruant for twentie groates wages : now can he not haue any so good for twice fortie shillings at least . Then might he purchase a very good yard of full brode-cloath for three shillings foure pence at most : now he must pay some foureteene shillings foure pence at least , for the like , Then he might haue had a good paire of Shooes for sixe pence : now can he not haue the like for two shillings sixe pence at least , and so for the rest . These things therefore being soundly considered , how should the poore husbandmands state be bettered one pinne , by abating the prices of corne through that their preposterous augmentation of tillage , so long as all other things , else do contiue still in that their former excessiue reckoning ? Capn. Sir , I am full of your mind concerning this . But so long as corne say they , is at such an excessiue reckoning , all other things else must néeds be deare ; whereas the small prices of corne will bring all other commodities to their former low rate . Hydr. Alas good Capnistus , it should seeme that these our disordered reformers do either dotingly dreame of some drie haruest after Michelmas moone when corne is cleane gathered into poore husbandmens barnes : or that else their wilde wits do rouingly run a wool-gathering , after the sheepe-maisters flockes are all shorne . For , tell me ( I pray thee ) which waies a Wheele-wright should any way possibly afford an exceeding good cart for twentie groates now , as in former ages , and pay for the very timber thereof some sixteene shillings him selfe ? Or how a Tanner may well forgo a good bend of soaling leather for eightpence now , as in former daies : and pay foure markes a loade for his barke at the least ? or how the Shoo-maker should sell a good paire of shooes for sixe pence now , as in former seasons : and himselfe pay twentie pence full , for the leather thereof at the least ? Or how the Ioyner should yeeld a very good cup-boord for foure shillings now , as in former times : when the very timber thereof doth stand him in twentie shillings at least ? Or how a good man-seruant should be able to serue for twentie groates wages now , as before : and pay ten-groates thereof , for one paire of high-buckled shooes ? and so forth for all the rest . These things therefore being soundly considered , let all those our tippling Tobacconists which so eagerly affect the former low prices of corne , first deuise which waies to reduce the ordinarie trafficke of all other commodities else to their pristinate state : and then vrge ( as they now very idlely do ) the pristinate prices of corne . Or ( if that will be thought a matter impossible ) let them ( at the least ) begin this their preposterous reformation first in them selues : and then see how thicke & thre●fold all other sorts of people will follow their foote-steps . My meaning is this . Let Iustle-king the Ioyner afford so good a cup-boord for foure shillings now , as other men sell for foure nobles before his face ; let Proud-mind the Plummer forgo so good a brewing-lead for foure shillings now , as other men sell for sixteene shillings at least : let Small-braines the Shoo-maker not take aboue sixe pence now for so good a paire of shooes as others do sell for two shillings sixpence : briefly , let Lithersbie the Loyterer not take now aboue ten pence for mowing and making an acre of grasse , howsoeuer all other poore painfull labourers do take two shillings sixe pence for doing the like : and then see how the abatement of rents , and low prices of corne will follow thereof . Capn. What Sir ? they will neuer be brought to such an abatement in any their trades ( they say ) do the Prince what he please . For , ( besides that such a fond course would worke nothing at all towards the publike good ) they should thereby be sure to impouerish themselues . Hydr. And why then should the Prince ( at any their preposterous beck ) be pleased to procure the Peeres of his kingdome , the Nobility , Gentrie , Yeomanrie & poore Husbandmen to bee brought vnto such an excessiue abatement of rents , and prices of corne : sith ( besides that the same would become no furtherance at all towards publike good , all other things else considered ) they should therby but impaire their proper estates ? Thus then , thou maist plainly perceiue by the premisses , what manner of reformation it is , that these our disordered fellowes do z so furiously driue at , as if they were mad ; namely , at the preposterous prancking vp of their priuate estates , without giuing regard to the publike good of our countrie and kingdome : not caring one whit ( so themselues may stretch out their infatiable guts with bread , ale , and beere ) though the whole Peeres of our kingdome , the Nobilitie , the Gentrie , the Yeomanrie , the Husbandrie , yea and ( by consequent ) our good King himselfe , come all to present confusion : such a publike good ( thou seest ) must necessarily insue of this their preposterous augmentation of tillage . Capn. Me thinke Sir , you speake probably herein , and to very great purpose . But yet , those our monstrous malcontents they haue still a mighty imagination among thēselues , that such augmentation of tillage would vndoubtedly tend to a publike good . Hydr. So might it do , I confesse , if the poore husbandmans state were not hindred , but helped also thereby : otherwaies not . But tell me ( I pray thee ) what the abundance of corne would be better for him , all the while such an abatement in the prices of corne did drinke vp his gaine ? As also , which way would the abundance of corne make the Artificers and Trades-men become the wealthier one groate then they were at the first , if corne ( notwithstanding the abundance thereof ) continue still at the accustomed price ? It is not therefore the abundance of corne , but an excessiue abatement in the prices of corne , that these men do make the onely shot-anker of all their hope . And very certaine I am , that ( so themselues might buy bread-corne and mault-corne fox sixe pence a bushell ) they would neuer thus disorderly prate , and practice for the augmentation of tillage : though there were lesse corne in the land then ( God be blessed ) there is , by ten hundred thousand quarters at least . By all this it is apparently euident , that then the augmentation of tillage doth vndoubtedly tend to a publike good , when not onely some one or two sorts of people are thereby helped , and the poore husbandman especially is not therwith hundred at all . Otherwise the partiall supportation of some few alone , with y e fearefull suppression of sundrie besides , were very preposterous . For euen as in our naturall bodies , when the sustenance thereof is soundly concocted , and proportionably dispersed throughout for conuenient nutriment to each seuerall part , then the whole bodie it selfe is vniuersally vpheld and continued in a very good state ; whereas , if that the said nutriment should be wholly exhaust by some three or foure members , with an vtter depriuation of nutriment from the rest of the members besides , then surely , that selfe same body would not onely grow out of order in it selfe , hauing some three or foure members thereof puffed vp vntill they bee ready to burst , and all the rest made as leane as a rake ; but besides , there would follow ( in continuance of time ) a finall confusion of all the whole bodie : So surely , in the body of our Commonwealth , when the whole commodities thereof are aptly imployed , and proportionably disposed for the more conuenient welfare , and publike good to each seuerall member thereof , then the whole bodie of Commonwealth is vniuersally vpheld , & continued in an happie estate . Whereas , if the commodities of our countrie were wholly sucked vp by some three or foure sorts of subjects , to the pitifull impouerishing of all ●he rest : then without question , the whole body of our Common-wealth could not long continue in good estate . Because some would be readie to burst with abundance , while many other besides , do euen woorne away with their wants , to the finall confusion of the whole State it selfe in a very short time , without some timely redresse . And therefore , howsoeuer such abundance of corne , might vndoubtedly become exceeding commodious to some three or foure Monopolian Merchants , who ( by transporting the same ( at such a slender reckoning ) into all forraine parts with an excessiue great gaine , would grow ( in a very short time ) so abundantly rich as if they were readie to burst . Or howsoeuer such an excessiue abatement in the ordinarie prices of corne , might be singular good for Artificers & Trades-men , and poore labouring persons , who ( buying corne now for nothing , and selling their commodities and ordinary labours as excessiuely deare as euer before ) might ( in very short space ) attaine to a wonderfull wealth : yet without doubt , the poore husbandmans state ( by whose onely industrious labours all other estates are hourely vpholden ) it being greatly impouerished by the small prices of corne , and mightly oppressed through the excessiue rating of all other commodities else ; I cannot possibly perceiue how this their augmentation of ●illage should in any sort be helpfull , but euery way hurtfull to him . Capn. Oh yes Sir. For if there were once a farre greater augmentation of tillage obtained , then euery husbandman ( say they ) should hold ( in his proper occupation ) twice so much land as he held before . Hydr. And what then , I pray thee ? Would not the small prices of corne ( in such an hourely excesse of all other things else ) become a very shrewd cooling card to that his great store of tillage , he hauing thereby , as much more toile imposed vpon him , with a farre lesse commoditie then he vsually reaped before ? For tell me , I pray thee , whether it be the great store of tillage , or the well manuring of tillage that breedeth abundance of corne ? Hath not some excellent husband as much corne of one acre , as some haue of two or three ? Be it therefore supposed that a poore husbandman , hauing in his occupation before , but bare fortie acres of arrable land , did yearely grow thereof some fortie quarters of corne at the least : whereas now ( when he hath some fortie acres more annexed to his Farme ) hee hardly groweth fortie quarters of corne at the most . How much ( thinkest thou ) is this poore husbandmans state aduanced by this their augmentation of tillage ? May he not boldly put vp the whole gaine of his getings in his eye , & yet see neuer the worse ? Is he not properly promoted by tillage , being thereby surcharged now with a two fold toile , for a bare single increase of corne ? Is not his great abundance of arrable ground ( through some lacke of good order ) growne now so farre out of order and heart , as it will either yeeld him but little , or no burden at all ? His charge of housekeeping , of houshold seruants , of horses , of carts , of ploughs , with other odde implements , is mightily increased : and the great gaine of those his daily endeauours , and industrious labours , as deepely decreased . How then is this poore husbandmans estate made any thing the better , by that their augmentation of tillage ? Capn. Sir , he must procure him abundance of shéepe ( they say ) to amend his barren land by the often foulding thereof : and withall , he must get him a great companie of beasts to bréede him good store of compose , and thereby better his barren grounds by manuring of the same to the full . Hydr. This , ( indeed ) is something they say . But yet now ( when the small prices of corne haue so mightily impouerished the poore mans purse , as he is hardly able to buy him cloathes to his backe ) where is y e meanes ( thinkest thou ) that should compasse those cattle ? Corne he hath none to sel : and many quarters of graine would not buy him halfe a quarter of a flocke to fould his said barren ground . Or , be it supposed the man had money good store to buy those beasts : where is the most conuenient place for their walke ? or wherewithall shall he pasture those cattell , when all his Inclosures and other laie-grounds are quite conuerted to tillage ? Before this augmentation of tillage , a poore man might very well raise his whole rent from out his Fallow-fields , those fields affording him great store of grasing to pasture his sheepe : but when all his gras-grounds are turned to tillage , that hope of gaine is growne out of vse ; and he may haply reape from his Fallow-fields now , some three or foure loades of thistles to recompence his paines in ploughing the same . For , consider Capnistus and marke it well , are there not ( at this present ) in euery Champion field , some ten , twelue , yea twenty hundred acres of laie-grounds at least , which being ( as it appeareth ) in former times made arrable land , were all of them left laie by poore husbandmen , some two hundred yeares past or more . What was the maine cause ( thinkest thou ) that our fore-fathers ( in former times ) did make such a mighty decay of tillage ? Capn. Surely Sir , either it was so because those poore husbandmen then could make no benefit at all by vpholding of tillage , corne being brought at that time to such a low price , and all other things else at an excessiue reckoning : or for that those husbandmen wanted both grasse and hay for their cattell , and were therefore enforced for very great néed , to conuert their tillage againe into pasturing grounds . Hydr. Thou speakest aright : and therewithall dost fully conclude euen this our disordered persons proper dispute in a circular motion : not vnlike to the circular paces of a maultmil horse . For , marke here I pray thee , the manner of this their preposterous prate . We must haue ( forsooth ) an augmentation of tillage , by conuerting all ancient Inclosures and pasture-grounds into arrable land , for the speedie abating of these excessiue prices of corne : and then ( when corne is once come to so low a reckoning as the poore husbandman is not able to liue of his plough ) we must forthwith turne the greatest part of our tillage againe into pasturing grounds , for the necessary increase of grasse and hay for our cattell . Tell me Capnistus , whether these their changeable courses , be not ( in very deed ) to make and marre , to do and vndo , because the day is our owne till night . Yea tell me , I pray thee : whether this be not a proper roauing dispute of these our round-about Robins , as if they were hunting the wild-goose chase ? A man ( without question ) might quickly purse vp whole poake-fuls of wit , if he would but follow a while all these their extrauagant courses , and wandring vagaries : and ( in the end ) be enforced to bring them backewards againe by the nose , to let them then see ( if they would not be wilfully blind ) that the poore husbandman ( so long as all other things else do still continue their excessiue reckonings ) is rather hindred , then helped by this their augmentation of tillage . Capn. But Sir , do you hold in good earnest , that such an augmentation of tillage would bring some hinderance now to our Common-wealth ? Hydr. Perceiuing not hitherto , any reason at all to the contrarie , I vndoubtedly do , and may very confidently hold this one speciall point : Namely , that such a preposterous augmentation of tillage as these our polypragmat●call spirits do now so fiercely pursue , would rather be hurtfull , then helpefull to the poore husbandmans present estate : so long especially as all other things else do thus continue ( as we see ) at such an excessiue reckoning as I shewed thee , and thou thy selfe hath confessed before . Besides that , these our beastly a bellie-gods who babble so inconsiderately ( I might say so baldly ) about the abundance of corne , without due consideration or further regard of any other as needfull commodities for publike good , they grosly imagine ( as it seemes by their courses ) that each Common-wealth is sufficiently vpheld in an happie estate , all the while they haue plentie of bread and beere . But tell me ( I pray thee Capnistus ) are not good dearies as conuenient euery way for euery house-keeper , as is plentie of corne ? May butter and cheese , may milke and milke-meates by missed wholly in husbandmens houses ? What one familie at all throughout the whole country , may well be maintained without butter and cheese ? What prety young brats may possibly be bred , or brought vp without milke ? What flesh-meates may fitly be rosted ? what light stuffe may soundly b● baked ? what minced meates , what carrots , what parsneps , what other ●ates else may be buttered , where poore house-keepers can haue no butter at all ? Capn. Good Sir , this is euen certainly so as you say . Hydr. Very well . Hereupon then let these our tippling Tobacconists tell thee with the best wits they haue in their head , how those poore house-keepers may possibly compasse such store of milke , butter , & cheese without keeping milch-kine ; how milch-kine may be maintained and kept without conuenient pasturing ; and where such conuenient pasturing may possibly be had , when all Inclosures and pasture grounds are so preposterously conuerted to tillage ? Capn. In déed Sir , as I ( for my owne part ) do hold it impossible for husbandmen to haue good dearies but by kéeping milch-kine : so is it hard for them to kéepe milch-kine at all , where Inclosures and pasture grounds are so preposterously conuerted to tillage . But yet ( say they ) this their augmentation of tillage would bring abundance of corne : and so poore husbandmen ( hauing abundance of corne ) might kéepe ( if néede were ) their milch-kine with corne . Hydr. I told thee euen now ( and thou couldest not deny ) that it is not the abundance of tillage , but the well manuring of tillage which breedeth abundance of corne . But be it here granted , that the abundance of tillage would vndoubtedly bring them abundance of corne ; what then ? How would the excessiue prices of corne be any whit abated thereby , all the while that selfe same abundance is quite consumed with keeping of cattell ? And this their abundance of corne being that way consumed quite , how then shall the Artificers , the Trades-men , and poore labouring peoples estates bee any way bettered at all by such abundance of corne , if corne ( being so consumed ) did still continue their excessiue great prices ? By all which thou mayest plainly perceiue , that euen this their preposterous augmentation of tillage , it would either procure a present diminution of dearies , and so that way become very dangerous to the publike good of our countrey : or ( if such an augmentation should maintaine good dearies by keeping milch-kine with corne ) that then the said Artificers , Trades-men , and poore labouring people their estates could not be bettered at all , by any their supposed abatement of the excessiue prices of corne . Capn. Surely , the one or the other would follow thereof . And therefore Sir , these mens preposterous augmentation of tillage it doth but endanger their owne proper persons , without bettering their owne , or the poore husbandmans state at all . Hydr. Very true . But ( for further demonstration hereof ) be it againe supposed that such an augmentation of tillage would both breed an abundance of corne , and bring downe also the prices of corne ; what then ? When these our insatiable suckers of filthy fume haue euen fragged their bellies with bread and beere to the full , would they then bee content ( thinkest thou ) with their present estates ? It is a common speech ( I confesse ) among those our ordinary Ale-knights , that such nippitatie new liquor wil serue very wel for meate , drinke , and cloath , if it bee soundly taken in a cold frostie morning next a mans heart . But ( howsoeuer their tongues run round when they are met on their ale-bench ) can they and their families liue without flesh-meate , or the offals therof at the least ? Do thou aske them ( I pray thee ) whether there may be an excessiue abatement of beeues and muttons in England without the present impairing of our publike good ? May the ordinary prouision of flesh in any our markets , be much lesse then it is any market day , without wonderfull hurt to the countrey in sundry respects ? Are not beasts hides , sheepe-skins , with such other pelts else ( notwithstanding our daily , & our ordinary slaughter of beeues and muttons ) euen litle enough in euery country ? Doth not the great scarcitie of hides and skins make leather and shooes , with liquor for leather , and tallow for candle , excessiuely deare ? Now then , those our Artificers ' and Trades-men , who keepe such a combersome coyle for corne ( hauing once corne to their owne content ) let them then tell me in sadnesse , whether themselues ▪ and the fulke of their families , are able to liue long without any meate ; to run , or ride without bootes ; to go or walke without shooes , to worke day and night without any candle , or to dispatch ( in any good so●t ) the most of their ordinarie trades without much tallow , and great store of kitchin stuffe compound●d therewith ? But how should they haue flesh-meate to eate , store of leather for bootes and shooes , tallow for candle , or kitchin-stuffe at all for any their needfull affaires , without an exceeding great breede of beefes and muttons ? And how should such an exceeding great breede of beefes and muttons be possibly bred and maintained , without very great store of Inclosures and pasturing grounds ? And where must such store of pasturing grounds be got ( thinkest thou ) if all Inclosures were preposterously turned to tillage ? Capn. The certainty of your spéech is such , as I am not able to contradict . Hydr. Besides all this , when these our disordered persons haue ( by much augmentation of tillage ) euen crammed their bellies with bread and beere till they be readie to burst : must they not likewise haue cloathes for their owne , and their families backes ? But can they possibly make webs of cloath without any wooll ? Or can they haue wooll to web , but by breeding abundance of sheepe ? Or can such abundance of sheepe be bred without many Inclosures , and much pasturing grounds ? But where may many Inclosures , and pasturing grounds be got , when all our Inclosures are preposterously turned to tillage ? Capn. Surely Sir , these your apparent demonstrations of policie they are held in as high admiration with me , as were ( in times past ) the sundry Oracles from Apollo Pythius at Delphos . Howbeit , many others do hold , and my selfe haue heard some Preachers auouch in publike place , that this onely great bréede and pasturing of shéepe , is the most gréeuous bane and spoile of our land . The silie poore shéepe ( say they ) which are ( by nature ) the méekest creatures on earth , are now made the most mercilesse Minotaures in the world : for euery where now they do eate vp whole Townes , and deuoure the Inhabitants young and old . Hydr. I hate from my very heart y e destroying of Townes and depopulation of countries , as a most barbarous crueltie beseeming rather the sauage Cannibals , then any sound hearted Christians . Assuring my selfe withall , that all those our vgly blacke raue●s which seeke to b dwell alone vpon the face of the earth by that their vnspeakeable crueltie , shall one day be sure to feele a woe with a witnesse , and to haue c the law of like repayed double and treble vpon their owne pates . Yea and that they , and all theirs ( without a speedie repentance ) must vndoubtedly receiue their allotted reward d with wicked king Ahab . Although yet I doubt not at all but that those our great breeders of sheepe , which so make the best of their pasturing grounds without e grinding the faces of their silie poore Tenants , they are the blessed instruments of our bountifull God , for publike good . And therefore ( concerning that point which thy selfe hath heard some Preachers auouch in publike place , about the great breeding of sheepe ) howsoeuer I make no doubt but that those selfe same Preachers they deliuered then the priuate opinion and thought of their owne proper hearts : yet when they shall hereafter somewhat more considerately examine the matter it selfe without any such wry-respect , and according to the proportionable bounds of Christian policie for publike good , I make no question at all , but that they themselues will eftsoones affirme , that ( in those their blind baiard-like bold speeches against such necessarie breeding of sheepe ) they were rather misguided with the sway of inordinate affection , than soundly directed with any authenticall rule of setled reason . For , howsoeuer those our great pasture men do gather vp to them selues an exceeding great gaine by the breeding of sheepe , as there is no reason at all , but that they which win it , should weare it : yet surely ( if I conceiue not the matter amisse ) there is no one commoditie throughout the whole land more tending to the publike good of rich and poore , than the great abundance and mightie increase of sheepe , as that which was f the ordinarie practise of all the Patriarkes , and which also receiued from time to time g an extraordinarie approbation from the vnchangeable prouidence of the eternall God. And ( to let passe the much bettering of arrable ground by the foulding of sheepe ) this ( I do verily suppose ) may here be auouched for an infallible truth : that almost the third part of people in this our English Iland , are vpheld & maintained by the breeding of sheepe . Whereupon this consequent doth clearely demonstrate it selfe to all the world , that those men which prate purposely against the great breeding of sheepe , they do either discouer ( at vnawares ) their wayward and enuious hearts against the breeders themselues without any respect of publike good ; or lay open at least , their owne inconsiderate thoughts , and shallow conceipts concerning such matters of publike regard . Capn. The one or the other must necessarily follow thereof . But Sir , if you be able ( indéed ) so demonstrate soundly vnto vs , that almost the third part of people in this our English Iland are vpheld , and maintained by the ordinary bréeding of shéepe , you shall satisfie many concerning this point . Hydr. I doubt not to demonstrate the same to the full . For first , let an exact suruey be had of those our great sheepe-maisters themselues , as also of that their ordinarie retinue which they hourely imploy about the breeding & hearding of sheepe ; then next , of all those our professed clothiers in Wales , in Cornewall , in Deuonshire , in Kent , in Essex , in Suffolke , in Northfolke , in Yorkeshire , Lancashire , Cheshire , Hallifax , Kendall , with other like places where cloath-making is purposely professed and practised together , with all their whole families depending vpon them ; then next , let the selfe same suruey be likewise taken of al the poore labouring people which are this way set hourely on worke by those our cloth-makers , about the seuering , sorting , towsing , carding , spinning , knitting , weauing , fulling , shearing , dressing and dying of wooll and of cloathes ; then next , of all those prouident husbandmen who yearely defray their rents , and apparell themselues by the breeding of sheepe ; and then lastly , of all those Artificers , Trades-men , and poore labouring people which yearely do cloathe themselues , their wiues and families , with those webs of cloath which they vsually make of the gathering loakes that are scattered in pastures and fields by the breeding of sheepe : let ( I say now ) some sound and exact suruey be forthwith taken of all and euery of these , and I doubt not ( when the accompt is cast vp in a totall summe ) but that the whole wil amount to the third part of people in our land at the least . Capn. The third part ( say you Sir ) nay , the better halfe I am sure . Hydr. Go to then , tell me what one reason those Preachers haue to barke so bitterly against y e breeding of sheepe ? or any man else to mislike of that one commoditie whereby the one halfe of our kingdome is so well set on worke , and which tendeth to the publike good of our countrey ? Capn. But Sir , howsoeuer there be great store of cloath-making amongst vs in England , yet cloathes ( they say ) are neuer the cheaper in England : and therefore they sée not how poore men are bettered any thing at all , by the making of cloath . Hydr. Though cloathes ( in very deede ) were neuer the cheaper by the great store of cloath-making among vs in England , which is vtterly vntrue : yet would cloathes become more excessiuely deare among vs in England by much , were it not for the great store of cloath-making throughout the whole land . And therefore howsoeuer these gaine-saying companions , do grosly imagine that the poorer sort of people are nothing bettered by the making of cloath , yet surely if that one trade alone were discontinued among vs but for few yeares together ; not onely the better sort of men they would quickly begin to feele some very shrewd want , but many poore soules besides ( set on worke by that meanes ) should shortly haue hungrie bellies . Yea euen those our Tobacconists themselues would plod vp and downe with thread-bare backes , and tattered tailes . But now tell me Capnistus ( I heartily pray thee ) how any great store of cloathes may possibly be made without abundance of wooll ; which way , men may haue abundance of wooll , without a continuall breeding of sheepe ; how such a continuall breeding of sheepe may well be maintained without abundance of pasture ; and how such abundance of pasture may possibly be had , where all our Inclosures are thus preposterously conuerted to tillage ? Capn. Surely Sir , I wot not which way to supply such a want : and therefore I do fully referre the further answer hereof to those our disordered Tobacconist's who labour so eagerly after such a preposterous augmentation of tillage , without giuing regard at all to sundrie other as néedfull commodities as corne it selfe , for the orderly supportation of euery seuerall estate in the land . Wherein moreouer they declare ( at vnawares ) that as the water which driueth the mill , decayeth the mill : so surely , those their disordered affections which so preposterously enforceth them forwards in such an idle conceite of publike good , would turne ( in very short time ) to the fearefull subuersion of our publike good . Hydr. That is vndoubtedly true , as may bee plainly demonstrated vnto them by a pregnant comparison , put downe by Adrian the fourth , vpon a very like occasion of discontentment . Capn. Declare the comparison I pray you at large . Hydr. With a very good will : this therefore it is . It came to passe on a time ( h saith he ) that all the members of a mans body conspired ioyntly against the poore stomacke , as against him ( forsooth ) who ( by his insatiable rauine ) did continually exhaust and deuoure the ordinarie labours of all the other members besides . For , whereas the eie it selfe was neuer satisfied with seeing , nor the eare with hearing ; whereas the hands were bent each minute of an houre vpon their ordinarie labours , the feete became fearefully sorebated with trotting to and fro ; the tongue was euen worne to the stumpes about the moderating of speech and silence ; yea all the whole members were mutually deuoted towards the publike good of the whole body it selfe : onely ( in this their generall carefulnesse and excessiue toyle ) the stomacke it selfe ( as they falsly surmised ) he liued at ease , and whatsoeuer the rest of the members had carefully prepared before by any their mutuall labours , he alone deuoured vp the same by a prodigall waste . What neede many words ? The rest of the members considering this , they do all ioyntly conclude to desist forthwith from all those their peculiar designements for publike good : and therewithall ( withholding whatsoeuer conuenient sustenance from the said stomacke it selfe ) they fully resolued to torture that their insatiable and slothfull aduersarie with the continuall want of nutriment . Vpon this their ouerhastie and headie resolution , one day was passed quite in a pining penurie . The second day followed more tedious and irkesome than the other before . But the third was so extremely byting and pinching to the stomacke it selfe , and all the said members besides , as they ioyntly began to faint and to fagge . Oppressed thus by vrgent necessitie , the members they assemble themselues afresh , very seriously consulting about their owne , and that their supposed aduersarie his present estate . In which their publike assemblie , the head it hung drooping downe ; the shoulders ( being shrewdly benummed ) they shakingly shrunke together ; the armes became weake ; the hands vnable to hold themselues vp ; the feete were infeebled so sore , as they could not possibly support their appointed burden ; the whole body it consumed away ; yea the tongue which vntill then was pregnant enough to pleade for the publike good of the whole body it selfe , it eftsoones began to faulter , and cleaue so fast to the roofe of the mouth , as it had now no power in it selfe to propound and expound the publike occasion of that their present calamitie . The case standing fearefully thus , the whole members ( by a ioynt consent ) they make their mutuall recourse to their soueraigne Ladie the Heart , for present aduice in this their publike distresse : who ( examining the matter with a more aduised and mature deliberation , ) by the very sway of sound and substantiall reason did make it apparently euident to all the members , that this so exceeding a miserie befell them all , onely because of their former hard measure towards the said stomacke their falsly supposed aduersary . For , by withdrawing a competent sustenance from him ( he being the deputed publike dispenser thereof to the rest of the members , ) they did thereby also depriue thēselues of conuenient naturall nutriment . And ( sith none ought i to go a warfarre at his owne proper cost ) it cannot otherwaies be , but that ( by withholding the publike maintenance from the said stomacke it selfe ) they themselues were proportionably disabled euery of them from the dutifull discharge of their proper designements for publike good . Neither may any blame thereof bee iustly imputed vnto the poore stomacke : because he could not possibly distribute that publike sustenance to the rest of the members , which he receiued not first for himselfe . And therefore ( saith reason ) I conclude it a safer course , and much more consonant to natures sacred direction , that a conuenient nutriment be primarily bestowed on him who must propor●ionably distribute the same vnto others , then ( by thus peeuishly depriuing the said stomacke therof ) to procure an ineuitable penurie vpon it selfe , and all the rest of the members . Hereupon it came forthwith to passe ( by reasons pithie perswasion ) that the said stomacke being presently repleate with corporall sustenance , all the rest of the members ( by her operation ) were proportionably , and mutually refreshed together . Ladie Experience ( the Schoolemistrisse of fooles ) making the rest of the members now to perceiue their former exceeding great follie , the stomacke he was vniuersally freed from all imputation of blame concerning this their needlesse calamitie . Because , howsoeuer he be ( in very deede ) an insatiable deuourer of whatsoeuer their publike labours , yet doth he not so insatiably feede thereupon for himselfe alone , but likewise , for all the rest of the members : and therefore , he being pined with a needlesse penurie , they cannot but be miserably pinched with a biting hunger . Surely Capnistus , if thou examine the matter aright , thou shall find it euen so in the politicke body of euery particular countrey . Wherein , albeit the stomacke ( the poore husbandman I meane ) doth heape vp together exceeding much maintenance : yet doth he not heape vp the same so much for his owne proper vse , as for the publike good of all the particular members in that selfe same politicall body . And therefore so much the more heedfull regard must hourely be had about the orderly supportation of that one estate aboue all the rest : by how much the prosperous , or the pining condition of all other estates doth proportionably depend vpon that one estate aboue all the rest . For be thou throughly assured of this , that there is proportionably euen one and the selfe same office of the stomacke in a naturall bodie , and of the poore husbandmans estate in euery politicall body . Because if the stomacke it selfe be hourely kept in good quarter , all the rest of the members they are mutually refreshed thereby . Whereas , if it be made empty of corporall sustenance , how should it then be able , either properly to support it owne selfe , or collaterally to sustaine the rest of the members ? And euen so , if the poore husbandmans estate be vpheld in an happie condition , the rest of the members throughout the whole politicall body , are substantially and soundly supported from vtter confusion . Whereas , if the poore husbandmans happie estate be fearefully impouerished , how should any estate else in that selfe same politicall body be possibly enriched , or safely preserued ? And therefore let these our disordered Tobacconists take heede in time , lest ( by this their preposterous augmentation of tillage vnder an idle and fained pretence of publike good ) they do not hurt themselues and the rest of the members in this our politicall body , to the vtter subuersion of our publike good . For if corne it selfe ( by this their augmentation of tillage ) should inconsiderately and causelesly be brought to such a small price , as the poore husbandman ( all other things else continuing at an excessiue great reckoning ) be not able to sustaine himselfe and his familie : how should he possibly be able to afford any publike maintenance to all other states else in the politicall body ? Capn. Surely Sir , this comparison doth set forth the matter so plaine , as none now but sencelesse and péeuish idiots may possibly be ignorant thereof . Although yet ( for all this ) there be many rich Parsons and Vicars in sundrie parishes , who likewise do kéepe a combersome coyle about this their preposterous augmentation of tillage , as an vndoubted present good meanes for publike good : commending each enterprice that waies attempted , and wishing an happie successe to the same . Hydr. Why Capnistus ; neuer wonder at this . For so k Demetrius the siluer-smith he kept a combersome coile , concerning the prosperous and happie estate of his siluer-shrines . In so much as he called together the workemen of that selfe same trade , and told them saying : Sirs , you all do very well know , that ( by this our craft ) we haue gotten our goods . Declaring ( by this his pernicious prattle ) that it was neither the loue of Religion , nor the honest care of publike good that set him so greedily a gog in that his tu●bulent course , but the onely inordinate desire of his owne , and of those his copartners priuate respects . If these pratling priests thou speakest of now , were carried with wrie respects , and such other like priuate motions about any their vndutifull managings of these late disordered and diuellish attempts , they may rather more truly be termed the pestilent Parsons of poysonsome parishioners , than the prouident Pastours of a peaceable people ; yea and the Demetrian Vicars of most detestable villanies , rather than the honest deputed Vicegerents of Iesus Christ concerning the Christian subiection of dutifull subiects . Declaring themselues to be such l insatiable dogs as neuer haue enough : and therefore , they do all of them looke to their owne proper waies , euery of them seeke his peculiar aduantage , & after his owne priuate gaine , without giuing a due regard to the publike good . Capn. But Sir , what might it be that makes those our rurall Parsons and Vicars so rustically mad vpon that so mischieuous a matter in hand , if the augmentation of tillage doth tend so little to the publike good ? Hydr. I cannot certainly set downe the reason of that their vnreasonable applaud to such a pestiferous purpose , vnlesse I did certainly know the very thought and intent of their secret hearts . Howbeit , if the secrets of the heart it selfe may shrewdly be gessed vpon , by the m very outgoings they haue to any externall action , then surely this their preposterous approbation of any such a pernicious practise , it could not possibly proceede from any good motion ; the best that may be conceiued thereof is this : namely , that as those kind of persons are commonly n destitute of all vnderstanding , so ( it may be ) they but drousily dreamed that this preposterous augmentation of tillage would vndoubtedly bring forth an augmentation of tithes ; and that such an augmentation of tithes , would more abundantly increase their augmentation of worldly trash . And that therefore ( vpon this their fantasticall fliggring confidence ) when the whole countrey was o full of co●fusion , it may be they thought it not gr●atly amisse , to keep such a combersome consort with that rascabilian rout who so disorderedly made the late vprore , and euen mainely to crie out among them and say , p Oh great is Diana of the Ephesians ; or rather more plainly thus : Great q gaine without doubt , will grow yearely to vs , by this their preposterous augmentation of tillage . Howbeit , if these pedling Parsons and Vicars were but once enforced to find and feele in their proper experience , that such a preposterous augmentation of tillage did afford them no further augmentation of tithes then they reaped before , yea and that those selfesame tithes which thus befall to their portion , are farre worse in quantitie and qualitie both , then were those their former tithes which they possessed before , when there was lesse store of tillage by much ; and ( which more is ) that ( notwithstanding the badnesse thereof ) they are eftsoones enforced to bestow a twofold labour in gathering the same : surely when their proper experience hath made them perceiue the plaine truth of the premisses , they will then crie out to their seruants and say , Sirs , we haue now adaies a very long haruest for a little corne . For fie vpon this preposterous augmentation of tillage : it was neuer well with the Common-wealth , since the same was first so fantastically set on foote . For euery husbandman now hath so much arrable land in his proper possession , and so little manure withall to make it more burthensome , as he loseth one acre while he is sore toyling about another . The land ( for want of good order ) is now so cleane out of order and heart , as it yeeldeth more weeds then corne : yea and the corne which it commonly beareth is so leane and so light , as it affordeth no floure at all . What sayest thou now Capnistus , to these our counrrey Parsons and Vicars cars who so highly applaud these publike disorders ? Capn. Surely Sir , if the sequele should thus fall forth , I might boldly affirme , that the iudgement of God were iustly vpon them . Hydr. Very true as thou sayest . For , as it is a most filthie shame for them , to yeeld their vnderhand approbation towards any such publike disorders : so surely , had they but one dramme of Gods grace in their hearts , one scruple of a subiect like subiection in their heads , yea one iot of an honest humanitie in any of their minds ; they would hold it much more beseeming their persons and places , to teach their parishioners al holy subiection towards their superiours ; to beate downe very bitterly whatsoeuer disorders shall but put out their head against our positiue lawes , and the publike peace of our soueraigne Lord the King ; yea and euen rather to hazard their proper persons and states about the timely suppressing of euery such desperate attempt from priuate persons , than either by deed , by word , or by countenance , to giue any encouragement at all to such a preposterous proiect . Howbeit as r wisedome is euermore iustified of her owne proper children : so surely , there was neuer yet any one faction so filthie in nature , so foule in apprehension , neither yet so furious in practise , but the same had euermore either the primary sproute , the preposterous proceeding , the pernicious progresse , the pestiferous perfection , or the pestilent approbation at least of some of those simple Sir Iohns ; who rather should soundly conuince , then seditiously confirme the same . Howbeit , as euer there hath bene , so still there will be like people , like priest . That so ( the base people practising , and the bad priest approuing such pestilent practise ) they might all ioyntly become liable to one and the selfe same determined iudgement of God against such disordered attempts : according to the testimonie of the Prophet who saith , t The priests they eate vp the sinnes of my people , and lift vp their minds in these their palpable iniquities . Therefore there shall be like people , like priests : for I will visite their waies vpon themselues , & reward their wicked deeds vpon their owne pates . By all the premisses then thou maist plainly perceiue , that ( nothwithstanding whatsoeuer those our disordered Tobacconists pretend , or these our men-pleasing priests do prate ) about their preposterous defence ) the poore husbandman his estate ( so long as all other things else do continue at such an excessiue reckoning ) is rather hindered then helped by this their preposterous augmentation of tillage . Capn. Good Sir , the whole matter it selfe ( in my poore apprehension ) is so apparently euident , as I am able u to say nothing thereunto either good , or euill . Hydr. I hope , by this time thou maist plainly perceiue the falsly supposed goodnesse of that preposterous worke which was so perniciously applauded among the very garbage of humane societies : namely , those the desperate attempts of these our disordered Tobacconists against the long setled peace of this our publike state , in a matter especially of such slender importance and so needlesse moreouer , if all other things else be soundly resolued . Capn. But Sir , do you hold ( in good earnest ) the augmentation of tillage a matter most néedlesse , especially in this our age ? Hydr. I tell thee this in good earnest : it must either be needfull , or needlesse . But howsoeuer the augmentation of tillage may very truly be said to be simply good init selfe , because it was x the primarie ordinance appointed by God for mans preseruatiō & practise : yet do I not hold it so needfully good for y e present , if all sorts of people in our publike state be proportionably respected , according to the seuerall qualities of their persons and places . For how may this their preposterous augmentation of tillage be held now so needfully good , it being euery way so hurtfull as thou heardest euen now , the present condition of our publike state being duly considered ? Then next , a matter but needlesse it may seeme to be for the present : because corne is not now so excessiuely deare , but that each man ( of what sort soeuer ) may as sufficiently be able to maintaine his proper estate , by paying two shillings sixe pence the bushell , as were the people of those former times , when they payd but sixepence the bushell . Capn. I pray you Sir , demonstrate this point more plainly for the better satisfaction of my selfe , and all others besides . Hydr. This thing is so plaine of it selfe , as it needs no plainer demonstration at all , then the former , and now present experience . For who doth not see , but that the whole Peeres of our kingdome , y e Nobles , the Gentrie , & Yeomanrie also , might much better maintaine their estates in former ages with some fiue hundred , three hundred , or one hundred pounds rent at the most , when all other things else appertaining to their houshold prouision , their ordinarie attire , and the moderate pompe of their persons and places did generally run at so low a rate , then they may now ( in this present age ) with a thousand , sixe hundred , or three hundred pounds rent at the least , when all those the former supplies cannot possibly be gotten without an excessiue reckoning ? Capn. I am iust of your mind for that . But Sir , these our great personages ( say they ) do prodigally and wastefully consume so much wealth vpon superfluous buildings , and sumptuous apparell , as they cannot possibly vphold their estates , without an excessiue polling and pilling of all their poore Tenants : and there is the welspring it selfe of all their wants . Hydr. I intend not now to pleade for , much lesse to put downe any patrocinium at all to mens superfluous expences , how many , or how mightie soeuer : hauing so sufficiently censured the same a little before . Although yet ( respecting these great mens persons y and places , the z royalties of Salomons house , the clothing of the Kings daughter a in beaten gold with rayment of needle worke ; the acustomable b wearing of silkes , and soft apparell , in Princes courts ; yea and that c seame-lesse coate of our Sauiour Christ being wrought vpon throughout ) I dare not denie a different dignitie in apparell , in diet , in sumptuousnesse in buildings and euery way else , from the base and vulgar sort ; which made me euen purposely put downe the moderate pompe of their persons and places in my former speech , as a pompe respectiuely permitted vnto them by the Almighty himselfe . Howbeit , Capnistus seeing thou thy selfe art iust of my mind ( as thou saidest euen now ) cōcerning our purpose propounded , I will therefore ( without further delay ) proceed in the rest . Capn. Do so Sir , I pray you : and first , how they husbandmans state is euery way now as good as in former times . Hydr. Why man , who makes any question at all , but that the poore husbandman may as competently , as commēdably , and as contentedly continue the good estate of himselfe , and his husbandrie , now when he sits vpon twentie pounds rent , and growes but threescore quarters of corne at the most , as he might haue done in our forefathers daies , when he payed but twentie nobles rent by the yeare , and reaped tweluescore quarters of corne at the least , all other things else being proportionably and euenly respected according to their different rates and reckonings ? For when as one bushell of barley ( being then sold for fourepence in former times ) was able to buy him but one pound of candle : one bushell of barley now ( being sold for two shillings sixpence ) will purchase this poore husbandman , a pound of candle , a pound of hops , a quarter of lambe , three pennie-worth of bakers bread , & a gallon of good ale at the least ; & so forth proportionably for the rest of any his other needfull affaires . Capn. The case is apparently euident concerning the husbandmans happie estate : but how for the inferiour sorts of subjects ? Hydr. The selfe same proportion ( respecting their seuerall persons and places ) will fitly serue for euery of them . For who seeth not but that the Artificers , Trades men , and poore labouring people ( being painefull in their callings , frugall in their gettings , and prouident in all their dispendings ) may as competently , and as conueniently maintaine themselues , and the folke of their familie now , with bestowing two shillings sixpence vpon euery bushell of corne , as their fore-fathers might haue done in former seasons when they payed but sixpence for euery bushell . For euen as the prices of corne are now increased , so surely the different prices of their seuerall traffickes , their sundrie commodities , and ordinarie labours , they are likewise proportionably augmented and raised accordingly , so as the different times haue brought no disparagement at all to their different states . I will make it more apparently manifest by this demonstration : When a Shoo-maker ( in former seasons ) might readily buy him a bushell of corne for sixpence , in those selfe same times he hardly could sell a good paire of shooes for sixpence . And whereas a Shoo-maker now payeth two shillings sixpence for euery bushell of corne , he may now also sell the like paire of shooes for two shillings sixpence . So as one paire of shooes ( in former times ) would buy but a bushell of corne : and one paire of shooes ( in our present daies ) will likewise procure him a bushell of corne . These things being certainely so , the Shoo-makers state is much better now , then was the Shoo-makers state in former seasons . For , this Shoo-makers hauing once procured him a bushell of corne with one paire of shooes , which also his fore-fathers were forced to giue for a bushell in former ages , he hath fully as many shooes remaining for his further vses , as had his fore-fathers before him , yea and each paire of his will be fully as much worth as fiue paire of the like in his fore-fathers daies . And as in this one , so likewise in all other trades else , according to the selfe-same proportion of persons , of times , of trades , and of trafficke . Capn. It is euen certainly so as you say . And therefore I wonder what should make our Artificers , our Tradesmen , and poore labouring people so malcontent as they are , with their present estates . Hydr. It is not any vnauoydable want ( I assure thee ) but a fantasticall wantonnesse rather , which ( shaping their shooes now a great deale higher in the instep , then did their fore-fathers in former times ) doth make them so malcontended . My meaning is this . Our men ( hauing now more ambitious , more aspiring and haughtier hearts than had their fore-fathers before them ) they cannot d content themselues with meate , drinke , and clothing , with that competencie ( I meane ) wherewith their fore-fathers were fully contented before them : or ( at least ) they will not be pleased before such time as they haue abundance of blessings , to e consume the same vpon their inordinate and licentious affections . For let our Artificers , our Trades-men , and our poore labouring people be as industrious now in their different degrees , as diligent in their seuerall callings , as painfull in their ordinary labours , as prouident in getting , as carefull in keeping , as frugall in disposing , and as heedfull in their domesticall dispendings as were their forefathers before them : and I see not ( as yet ) to the contrary , but that ( the premisses themselues being proportionably and rightly respected ) they might euery way liue in as happie a state as did their fore-fathers before them . But when those men were industrious , and our men are riotous ; when they were diligent , and ours too too lazie ; when they were painfull , and ours ouer playfull ; when they were prouident in gathering , and ours profluuious in scattering ; when they were carefull in keeping , and ours carelesse in sauing ; when they were frugall in disposing , and ours prodigall in bestowing ; when they were heedfull in dispending , and ours altogether heedlesse in dispersing : how should they possibly accord in their proper conditions , when there is so great discord in their diuerse professions ? How should they consent in their equall properties , when they dissent so much in their seuerall practises ? or how should they iump pat in their congruent states , when they so greeuously iarre in their different stirres ? The Trades-men ( in former times ) would not willingly spend so much in seuen yeares together about the necessarie decking vp of themselues , their wiues , and seauen small children , as our Trades-men now do wilfully waste about the needlesse trimming vp of proud Tag-tailes their wiues in lesse then one quarter of a yeare , or two at the most . The ancient Artificers then would not vsually prouide so many delicate dishes for themselues and their families in a whole twelue-moneth together , as our new vpstart Artificers do now commonly procure for each Sundaies dinner at least . Milke , cheese , and butter , was a rich and bountifull banquet with them : Pig , porke , and lambe is nothing with ours , vnlesse also they haue a whole quart of sacke to kindle their queasie stomackes withall . It was very much with poore laboures then , to play one poore halfe-pennie at cards throughout a whole Christmas together to cobble their shooes : it is nothing with our loyterers now , to lauish forth twelue-pence a weeke at one vnthristie , or poope-noddie at least , for whole gallons of ale to comber their cockscombes withall . It was fully sufficient for the common sort then , their wiues & poore children , to be reputed good , honest , plaine countrey people : whereas our vulgar sort are neuer satisfied now , vnlesse themselues be reckoned the odde burgo-masters of euery parish ; vnlesse their proud wiues be gentilized with , May it please your good worship at euery word ; vnlesse my yong princkcockes their sonnes be maistered with long lowsie huge lockes on their head , and a guilt-dagger forsooth , behind at their backes ; yea and vnlesse my prettie pigs-nie their daughters bee ladified with a tucke on their tailes , and a paire of new pumpes on their heeles for hurting their kibes . So as howsoeuer our ancestours liued honestly , & contentedly with their former conditions , it is no maruell at all if these our late vp-startes be monstrously malcontent for their proper estates ; without any one occasion at all from the scarcitie of corne for want of more tillage . Capn. Surely Sir , if you had bene lodged these seauen yeares together in the very closet of our common peoples hearts , you could neuer haue layed forth more soundly , the foolish humours of those their fantasticall heads . Yea and all men may now plainly perceiue , that it is not any want of corne , but the wantonnesse rather of their leud dispositions that makes them discontented with the times , with their states , and with whatsoeuer else is opposite to their humorous affections . Hydr. Very true as thou sayest . For the times themselues are as tollerable now , as euer before ; their ordinarie estates as competent now , as euer before ; the great plentie of corne as exceeding much now as euer before ; yea and the prices also of corne as proportionably conuenient as euer before , if all things else bee rightly respected : onely our mutable minds are now growne quite out of order , and that is the onely maine cause which maketh vs so malcontent in our selues , and so mischieuous also against the publike good of our present state . But be it supposed there were now some present want of corne in our countrey , as these our disordered persons may seeme to suggest , might not this want ( thinkest thou ) be much better supplied , than by these their disordered attempts about the vntimelie disparking of all Inclosures , for that their needlesse augmentation of tillage ? Capn. Good Sir , I sée not ( as yet ) how these our unruly Tobacconists may be brought to conceiue the reason hereof . Hydr. When proud horses ( being handsomly had forth to the christall streames ) may not possibly be made to drinke , canst ●hou conceiue any other reason of this their wilfull refusall , but the onely pride of their stomacks which maketh them so causelesly to distaste the good and wholsome water before them ? Capn. No surely Sir , that is the onely cause , I verily suppose . Hydr. And euen so in like manner , it is the onely height of our proud Tobacconists minds that will neither suffer themselues to see the depth of their desperate follie herein , nor yet let them be handsomly led forth to a better dexteritie , from y e approued iudgement of others . For let the earth but yeeld yearely the like abundance of graine that it now ordinarily groweth from time to time : and I doubt not at all but the prices of corne may still be continued in the selfe same reasonable reckoning which they hold at this present , yea and ( perhaps ) be brought to a lower rate ( as neede shall require ) if the obseruations I could giue them herein , were rightly respected . Capn. Put downe those obseruations , I beséech you Sir. Hydr. Nay , soft here a while . For as I am not ( I assure thee ) a professed Polititian , so dare I by no meanes presume to put downe political orders for the publike State , in a kingdome especially so prudently gouerned . Capn. Let no such néedlesse conceite ( I beséech you ) withhold your Christian care from y e publike good of your countrey . For as it was no presumption in f Naamans little girle to propound , nor any preiudice to the reputation of Naaman to practise her prudent aduice for the timely restauration of his diseased bodie to it pristinate estate : so is it no arrogancie in your owne selfe , nor derogancie at all from the iustly deserued dignity of any our politike statesmen , to referre your good thoughts ( for the publike good of your countrey ) to a publike consideration . And therefore , feare not to put your obseruations vpon termes at y e least , whatsoeuer dislike ensue thereof . Hydr. I do willingly consent to this thy reasonable and honest perswasion . First therefore , if it might but please his excellent Maiestie , to command from time to time , a strict execution of all those penall statutes which were formerly g prouided against the needlesse transportation of corne and victuals into forreine parts , beyond y e ordinary prices of corne put downe in those statutes ; with a seuere exaction of the penalties appointed , at the hands of such husbandmen first , as conuey , or cause to be conueyed their corne to any hauen or port to be so transported ; at the hands also of such insatiable Merchants or others as do so transport our said corne ; and then lastly , at the ship-maisters and marriners hands for so transporting the same : & I doubt not but that there would be plentie enough of corne in our countrey , and the same continued from time to time at a reasonable rate . Againe , if his said Maiestie might eftsoones be pleased to h become very prouident in granting so many needlesse licenses to any of those our monopolian Merchants especially , who do nothing else in effect , but ship ouer our corne , with other the like substantiall commodities of their natiue countrey into all forreine parts , and bring home from thence their trifling toyes ; I meane boxes , hobbie-horses , and rattles for little young babes , loombe-works and laces for young ladified lasses ; proud pomanders , perriwigs , and squirrels tailes for prickmadaintie fooles , with other like trumpry trash : and I doubt not but that there would be plentie enough of corne in our countrey , and the same continued from time to time at a reasonable rate . Againe , if his said excellent Maiestie might likewise be pleased to command from time to time , the like seuere execution of penall lawes , prouided i against all Fore-stallers , Regrators , and Ingrossers of corne and victuals , with a full exaction of the penalties appointed against euery offender therein : and I doubt not but that there would be corne enough in our country , and the prices continued from time to time , at a reasonable rate . Againe , if his said Maiestie might be pleased to giue it in speciall charge , that the Iustices of euery countrey should from time to time k take a diligent suruey and view whether any of our countrey cormorants do accustomably keepe vp in their hands , some two , three , foure , fiue , yea sixe yeares corne together , first for the feeding of rats , mice , weasels , and then ( being good for no purpose else ) to bee tumbled forth by whole quarters at once for hogs and swine ; with a very seuere and sharpe punishment for such as so filthily consume the good blessings of God : & I doubt not , but that there will be plentie enough of corne in our countrey , and the prices continued from time to time , at a reasonable rate . Againe , let his Maiestie be likewise pleased to giue strictly in charge from time to time , that l no roysters , ruffians , riotous persons , nor tippling Tobacconists do continue day by day , and night by night , at tippling Alehouses in a needlesse gormandizing , carousing , quaffing , and swilling in of wine , ale , and beere , as they vsually do ; but m be industriously held and kept to their seuerall callings and labours : and I doubt not but that there will be plentie enough of corne in our countrey , and the prices therof continued from time to time at a reasonable reckoning . Againe , let his excellent Maiestie be likewise pleased to command very strictly n the due execution of lawes from time to time vpon rogues , vagabounds , and sturdie-beggers , who like greedie Caterpillers , deuoure the good blessings of God , and as idle drones , do but sucke vp the sweete of other mens labours ; as also o vpon any their maintainers and releeuers ; together with such and so many as p neglect their timely apprehension : and I doubt not but that there will be corne enough in our countrey , and the prices thereof continued stil at a reasonable rate . Briefly , let his said excellent Maiestie be likewise pleased to command his said Iustices in euery countrey , from time to time q to execute very sharply the breach of his lawes vpon all disordered Alehouses , as also to put presently in practise r the speedie suppressing of superfluous Alehouses to the sixt part at the least in our land : and I doubt not to haue plentie enough of corne in our countrey , and the same at a reasonable rate from time to time . For I make no question at all , but that ten hundred thousand quarters of mault at the least ( besides the abundance of wheate and other the good blessings of God ) are very riotously , wastefully , and needlesly bestowed from yeare to yeare in our land , by reason of such superfluous tippling houses : which said mault , wheate , and the rest of Gods good blessings ( being otherwise most frugally dispended onely for the present necessitie of his Maiesties subiects ) would make more plentie of corne in our land by much , and continue the same from time to time at a reasonable rate , without any such needlesse augmentation of tillage . Capn. Surely Sir , if these things were prouidently obserued , and carefully executed from time to time ( as in equitie they ought ) according to the true intent and meaning of law , we should haue from yeare to yeare such abundance of corne , and at so reasonable a rate withall , as the augmentation of tillage would rather be hurtfull then helpefull to all estates : and therefore that the disordered enterprice of those our tippling Tobacconists ( for any thing I do perceiue ) was idle , and vtterly needlesse . Hydr. Very true as thou sayest , and the needlesnesse also thereof may yet be made more apparent by much , if thou considerest rightly the very true cause it selfe of these our Tobacconists wants . Which their said wants arise not ( I assure ) from any defect of corne in our countrey , or through the excessiue prices of corne for the present , but rather from their owne inordinate riotous , licentious , and loytring carriage . For , what is the cause that all other Artificers , Trades-men and poore labouring people do now ( notwithstanding this falsly supposed want of corne , and the excessiue prices of graine ) so competently and so commendably maintaine their seuerall charges , with monie from time to time in their purse for any their needfull affaires : and these our disordered Tobacconists are each hou●e so oppressed with penurie and want , as they are eftsoones enforced to aduenture vpon such vndurifull and desperate attempts , to preserue them and all theirs from famine and hunger ? Capn. Howsoeuer I my selfe might shrewdly ghesse thereat , yet can I not certainly set downe the certaine reason thereof : and therefore do heartily intreate your assistance therein . Hydr. With very good will. Wherein this also obserue by the way , that if it were the present want of corne , or that the excessiue prices of corne might iustly be adiudged the cause thereof , then all other poore men besides , hauing fat greater charges than they , and ( setting their painefull labours apart ) as little to take to as any of them , should haue as great cause to complaine of their wants as themselues . Neither is it their want of a competent skill , or sufficient strength of bodie to maintaine their labours that constraines them thus to complaine : for therein they farre exceede , and go beyond those other poore men by many degrees . But it is their onely want of grace , their want of a Christian conscience , their want of an honest heart , and the want of a readie will to walke industriously in their seuerall callings , that causeth this stirre . It is their lazie , their loytring and idle life , being hardly brought to labour soundly one day in a weeke . It is their prodigall dispending of whatsoeuer they get , about their filthie Tobacco fumes , and superfluous carousing cups . It is their fine daintie tooth , their excesse in apparell , and their riotous behauiour in euery place . Yea it is their profluuious lashing forth of whatsoeuer they get , at cards , ●ice , and other v●lawfull , nay rather vnthriftie pastimes . A●d now when all is thus spent , yea more than all , and themselues growne impatient in that their penurious estate , then forthwith they make most dangerous outcries about their priuate wants , and most desperately vndertake a causlesse supply thereof , by their disordered disparking of all Inclosures forsooth , vnder a false pretence of the needlesse augmentat●●n of tillage . By all which thou maist plainly perceiue , how pestiferous those their bad practises are to the long setled peace of our Soueraigne Lord the King : and consequently , how pernicious withall to the present good of our publike State. Capn. Sir , the case is apparently euident , like the Sunne in his strength , so as euen all ( but such as are wilfully blind ) may very easily espie the euident truth thereof . Hydr. Very true as thou sayest , And therefore , that these our poor-blind platformers in publike affaires , as also , euery of their polypragmaticall applauders may the more readily be made to recouer a cleare vnderstanding concerning these matters , let vs now next , endeuour to draw those s filthie scales of corruption from out of their eies , by demonstrating yet more plainly to euery of them what further pestiferous perils to the present good of our publike State did still proceede , and poysonsomely breake forth from those their desperate attempts . For here I would haue thee to obserue afresh , that the late disordered enterprise of those our intemperate Tobacconists , it was not onely flat opposite to the well established peace of our soueraigne Lord the King as thou heardest euen now , but very rebellious likewise to his kingly soueraigntie it selfe . Not onely , because they so desperately attempted the wilfull breach of his peace , but for that they so proudly resisted his kingly power , and did thereby most impudently declare themselues very obstinate , and open rebels against his sacred Maiestie . Capn. Oh Sir , I would to God you had bene somwhat more spare in your spéech , and not so satyrically haue termed them Rebels ; for that terme ( I feare me ) will hardly be brooked . Hydr. Howsoeuer thy selfe would haue me be spare , I loue to be plaine in my spe●ch , and to call a spade , a spade , how hardly soeuer digested . And why should they themselues , or any man else ( I pray thee ) dislike of that name which they in the very secret of their hearts so earnestly desired , and ( by their outragious carriage ) so iustly deserued ? That they in their owne hearts desired this name , it is more then apparently euident : because neither peaceable intreatie , nor any plausible meanes might possibly perswade their dutifull departure , nor once make them desist but a while from those their desperate attempts . And that their outragious cariage di● duly deserue such an odious name , they may not denie it themselues : not onely for that they would not ( vpon his Maiesties Proclamation ) depart from the field , but rebelliously persisted and proceeded afresh , in that their vndutifull practise . Howbeit ( to the end thou maist more exactly vnderstand my meaning herein ) it shall not be greatly amisse , to examine first , the ordinarie vse of the word rebellare , according to the iust proprietie of seuerall languages : and then next , to set succinctly downe a true definition of the very matter it selfe , as is properly intended by those the said seuerall languages . Capn. A very excellent order , and therefore I pray you procéede in your purpose . Hydr. With very good will. Wherein , I would haue thee obserue with deliberate consideration , that the Hebrewes they vse t the word maradh , which signifieth to offend by rebelling against , to reuolt or forsake , to fall finally from one , to rebell , to deale perfidiously : as thou maist plainly perceiue by those seuerall Scriptures which are purposely put downe in the margine to make it more manifest . This word maradh , it hath a maruellous affinitie with another word u called marah , that is , to make bitter or sowre ; as also with iaradh , that is , to descend or fall from : because the man that rebelleth , doth seeme ( as it were ) to reuolt or fall from his superiour so , as he doth vtterly vexe and grieue his heart . According to that which Abner vttered to Ioab , in an onely regard of the exceeding great slaughter betweene them , saying thus : x Shall the sword deuoure for euer ? Knowest thou not that it will be bitternesse in the latter end ? The Grecians they vsually haue for this matter , the y word aphistamai , which properly signifieth to resist , to withstand , or to depart from one : because the man that rebelleth doth seeme ( as it were ) to depart , or to withdraw himselfe from that other whom he so vniustly resisteth . The French-men they commonly haue z Rebeller , se reuanger , that is to say , to rebell , or to reuenge himselfe : because the man that so vniustly resisteth his lawfull Superiour , doth seeme to rest ( as it were ) vpon his owne proper reuenge without all authoritie . The Italians they do vsually put downe for this point , the word a rebellare , resorgere , that is , to resist , or rise vp against one : because the partie rebelling doth rebelliously rise vp in armes against his Superiour whom he so proudly resisteth . The Latines they do eftsoones obserue the word b repugnare , that is , to fight purposely against , or to raise vp an opposite warre : because the partie so rebelling , doth vndutifully beare armour against him , whom he so vniustly resisteth . So as all these seuerall languages , they do ( by this word to rebell ) euen purposely speake of all such as abide not very firmely in that loyaltie or faith wherein they are authentically obliged , and dutifully bound to their soueraigne King , and naturall countrey . Or they vnderstand it of such as ( being victoriously subdued before and ( vpon their humble submission receiued to mercie ) do nothwithstanding endeauour eftsoones to stirre vp rebellious strifes against some such as they are orderly subiected vnto , and from whom they formerly receiued much mercie . Now then , as a warrior is properly called of the Hebrewes , c Ish-milehamah , that is to say , a man of warre ; also of the Grecians , d polemisteis , that is , a man at armes , or one rightly enabled for warlike affaires ; also of the French men , Guerroyeur , homme de guerre , that is , a warriour , or a man of warre ; also of the Italians , Combattitore , gueerieur , that is , a combatter , or warriour ; and of the Latines , bellator , that is to say , a warriour , or bearer of armes : So surely a rebell he is vsually called of the Hebrewes , posheang , that is to say , a transgressour , a perfidious , or mischieuous person ; also of the Grecians aphistamenos , that is to say , a reuolter from an open resiter , or a wilfull withstander of publike authoritie ; also of the French-men , Celuy qui rebelle , that is , one that obstinately , or stubbornely rebelleth against his Superiour . Also of the Italians , he is called rubello that is to say , a very pestiferous , or most persidious rebell ; also of the Spaniard he is termed , rebela , that is , one which rebelleth , or taketh vp armour against his Prince : and of the Latines , rebellator , that is to say , a rebeller , an obstinate resister , or a wilfull withstander of the Princes power . By all this then it is very apparent what the word ( rebellare ) doth signifie , according to the naturall proprietie of each seuerall language . Capn. Good Sir , you ●aue sufficiently set forth the sence and meaning of the word rebellare , and therefore , now I pray you procéede to put downe a perfect definition of the matter it selfe , which is purposely intended by the naturall proprietie of those seuerall languages . Hydr. Content . And ( for this respect ) thou hast here to obserue afresh from the premisses , that a rebell is he who ( hauing bene lawfully conquered before , and vpon his humble submission receiued to mercie ) doth estsoones ( notwithstanding ) seditiously raise vp and vnlawfull war against his liege Lord , and lawfull Superior . Or else , a rebell is he , who abideth not firmely in that honest loyaltie and faithfull obedience wherein he is strictly obliged to his authenticall King , and dutifully bound to his naturall countrey : but too too rebelliously reuolteth from both , and resistingly taketh vp armour against his said authenticall Soueraigne and naturall countrey . By this then it is apparently euident , that rebellion is nothing else but a wilfull resisting or rising vp against a lawfull authoritie . And that therefore , if the word bellare be properly and purposely put downe to import and authenticall and lawfull warre , then the word rebellare it doth not improperly , but euen purposely betoken an vnlawfull rebelling , or an vndutifull raising of warre against a lawfull authoritie . As also , if the word bellator , be truly translated an authenticall warriour , then the word rebellator , is not vnaptly termed a treacherous rebellour . I will yet more plainly demonstrate this matter thus . When two fight together in a cause contradictorie , or in a matter of meere repugnancie , that quarrell ( in the one of them ) is vndoubtedly iust : but yet ( in the other ) it is vtterly vniust , so as ( in this case ) the imputation of rebellion it cannot be truly imputed to both . For he that hath the iust quarrell , is properly said bellare , that is , to fight lawfully in the necessary defence of his owne proper right : but he that vpholdeth the vniust quarrell , he is not improperly said rebellare , that is , vnlawfully to rebell or rise vp in an vnnecessary opposition to him that stands in the lawfull defence of his owne proper right . Not the other then , but this man that maketh the vniust opposition , is properly termed the partie rebelling . To apply this to our present purpose . The Kings Maiesties power , and these our disordered persons did skirmish together in a cause contradictorie , or in a matter of meere repugnancie . Because the Kings power it stood for the timely supportation of publike peace , and the necessary defence of his Maiesties positiue lawes against that their vnlawfull assembling together for the lawlesse and needlesse disparking of pastures inclosed : those disordered person so vnlawfully assembled they rose vp in their owne proper persons against that his authenticall power , to mannage the vnlawfulnesse of that their desperate attempt against those his Maiesties lawes . Not both , but the one of these may truly be said to rebell . If they had dared to say then , or at this present do but thinke that his Maiesties power rebelled against them , and not they against his Maiesties power , it were more then high time they were all cut off quite , for so proudly e aduanc●ng the base bramble-bush of Shechem against the tall Cedar of Libanon . For f were not this ( in very deed ) to warre with the gods , I meane , to resist , and rise vp against Nature her selfe ? Because in whomsoeuer there is a maioritie , in them there is placed a commanding authoritie , and in whomsoeuer there is a minoritie , vpon them is imposed an obeying necessitie . And therefore , if his Maiesties power may not iustly be said to rebell in that action , because it authentically stood vp for the onely supportation of publike peace , and the timely defence of his Maiesties positiue lawes : it must then necessarily follow , that they themselues ( so vnlawfully arising against his said Maiesties authenticall power ) did make the rebellion . And euen so , those our disordered persons ( in that their vnlawfull resistance ) they are very aptly and properly called obstinate rebels , how vnsauourie soeuer the word rebell doth seeme to that their vnsauourie taste . And that therefore the one part of them ( for that their vnlawfull rebellion ) were iustly put to the sword , and all the rest of them since , not vniustly deserued the gallowes as Felons , had not his excellent Highnesse ( euen by the meere motion of his Kingly clemencie without any their merit ) then mingled g Mercie with Iustice , according to the approued testimonie of the blessed Apostle , who telleth them thus : h Let euery soule be subiect to the authoritie of the higher powers . For there is no power but of God , the powers that be , are ordained of God : whosoeuer therefore resisteth the power , resisteth the ordinance of God , and they that resist shall receiue to themselues damnation . For Princes are not to be feared for good workes , but for euill . Wilt thou then be without feare of the power ? Do well , so shalt thou be praised for the same , for he is the Minister of God for thy wealth . But if thou do euill , then feare ; for hee beareth not the sword for nought , for he is the Minister of God , to take vengeance on him that doth euill . Wherefore you must be subiect , not because of wrath onely , but also for conscience sake . What sayest thou Capnistus , to the word rebellion , now ? as also to the testimonie of the Apostle concerning the same ? Were they not rebels in that their resistance ? And was not that their rebellion a very pestiferous enterprise against the present good of our publike State ? Capn. The case ( I confesse ) is much more apparently euident , than that any sound hearted subiect may once dare to oppose himselfe to the same . Although notwithstanding , they themselues , and their vnderhand fauourites do séeke to suppresse the imputation of rebellion thus : Indéed ( say they ) if those silie poore soules had taken vp armour against his Maiesties power , they might iustly be called rebels : but ( alas ) they were silie poore snakes , vtterly vnarmed , and therefore no rebels . Hydr. Why man , that their disordered intention ( it being wilfully persisted in , with a resolute mind not to depart from the place ) is by those ( the forenamed statutes ) made a plaine rebellion against his Maiestie , though neither armour nor weapon were vsed at all . Yea and the word which the Apostle puts downe in the forenamed Scripture , importeth so much . For the word there i is antitassómenos , that is , one opposing himselfe vnto ; one that resisteth , or withstandeth the power . Signifying thereby vnto vs , that not to obey , or not to submit to the power , is a plaine resistance , or a standing against the power of God , albeit neither armour nor weapon were vsed at all . Otherwise Saint Steuen could not iustly haue challenged the stifnecked Iewes for k resisters and rebels against the holy Ghost , because ( in that their wilfull resistance ) they vsed no materiall armour at all , but onely l the weapons of vnrighteousnesse to sinne . But tell me Capnistus , do those captious confederates then onely accompt it rebellion when as weapons are vsed with warre against warre ? Or is it onely the bearing of armour against his Maiesties power that maketh the rebell ? How then may themselues be ( that way ) set free from the iust imputation of an obstinate rebellion ? For ( besides that their vndutifull withstanding of his Maiesties Proclamation so authentically made in their owne proper hearing ) had they not armour ? had they not weapons ? Had they not hatchets , axes , mattocks , shouels , spades , forks , staues , bowes and arrowes , bils , partizans , guns , with other like implements ? were these no weapons thinkest thou ? And would they be commanded ( in a peaceable manner ) to deliuer vp these ? Nay did they not with violent force , and to their vitermost power , make a rebellious resistance with euery of these , against his Maiesties power ? Yea and ( which more is by much ) did they not ( like proud railing Shimeis ) very villanously m cast pibbles and stones against our most vertuous Dauid his authenticall power , euen then , when all the men of warre were n on their right hands , and on their left hands , I meane , had enuironed them round about on euery side ? If therefore , it be the onely bearing of armour against his Maiesties power that makes the rebellion , why , yet then surely euen they also themselues ( so vsing these weapons against his Maiesties power ) they are here very clearely concluded for Rebels , and therefore very pestiferous persons against the present good of our publike State. Howbeit ( besides those their former disordered courses , and desperate attempts against good lawes of our land , against his Maiesties peace , as also against his said Maiesties soueraigne power ) their disordered enterprise was yet more hurtfull to the present good of our State , by procuring ●o causelesly their owne , and other mens bloud to be so fearefully spilt about that their rebellious enterprise . The timely consideration whereof , should euen forcibly constraine the principall procurers of such a bloudie massacre to tremble and quake all the daies of their life , for feare , lest that shed bloud ( at one time or other ) be iustly o reuenged with bloud-shed vpon their owne pates . Capn. Oh nay Sir , such a consideration is so farre off from working their feare , as it rather procureth their comfort . For p the liuely image of God being ( by that massacre ) so fearefully defaced in those sillie poore soules whose bloud was so cruelly spilt , they doubt not ( they say ) but that the iust reuenger of bloud ( whose image was so fearefully defaced in euery of them ) will one day require an accompt for their bloud , according to his owne infallible promise , saying thus : q I will surely require your bloud wherein your liues are , at the hands of euery beast will I require the same . At the hand of man , euen at the hand of a mans brother , will I require the life of man. For r whosoeuer sheddeth mans bloud , by man shall his bloud be shed : because s in the image of God hath he made man. Now Sir , ( this being certainely so ) they doubt not ( they say ) but that euen those war-horses , as also the warriours them selues shall one day yéeld an heauie accompt for so cruelly spilling their bloud . Hydr. Why man , thou didst freely confesse but euen now , that their rebellious disorder ( in this their rebellious attempt ) was very well worthy of death . Capn. I did so indéed : and am still of that mind . Hydr. Yea , but tell me this one thing I pray thee . Who is the man that either may , or will dare to execute such a deserued death vpon any one of them all , if ( as themselues do blindly imagine ) their bloud must be required at the hands of such as shall put them to death ? Thou must necessarily acknowledge thus much at the least , that some kind of men ( in such an orderly execution of death vpon malefactors ) are clearely acquited of those malefactors death , and so freed from yeelding an accompt vnto God for their bloud : or else ( if that which these our fantastickes do fondly conclude from the forenamed Scripture be soundly concluded ) that then no malefactors bloud may ( at any hand ) be split , without the dreadfull displeasure of God. Capn. That must néeds be certainly so : and therefore , I pray you explane that portion of Scripture , for the better satisfaction of them , and of me . Hydr. With all my heart . Wherein thou hast here to consider afresh , that ( immediatly after the first creation ) the almightie Iehouah designed to Adam himselfe t the primarie and soueraigne dominion ouer all other his creatures in generall , by u putting them vnder his feete : and then next ( in a more speciall manner ) ouer Euah her selfe , by x subiecting her desire to Adam her husband , appointing him withall , to haue the maiestical● soueraigntie ouer her person . After this , the Lord ratified afresh , that selfesame maiesticall soueraigntie in Caine ; by constituting him y a princely ruler ouer Abel his brother ; by subiecting Abel his ordinarie desires vnto Caine ; and by authorising the said Caine to rule ouer the person of Abel . By this meanes , insinuating to all the succeeding ages , that as he is z the God of order , so would he haue a order obserued among his creatures . And thereupon ( by this his primarie president of such a princely soueraignty in the said person of Caine ) dis plainly demonstrate to all the world throughout their generations from age to age , how he had decreed for euer , that ( in all humane societies to the end of the world ) there should be some to beare rule , and some to obey . Now then , to the end the of-spring succeeding might not too too grosly imagine , that this selfesame princely preheminence of some speciall person ouer the people , after the first age of the world was come to the full period or vttermost date , the Lord therefore immediatly after the floud ( when the b windowes of heauen were closed vp , and the waters quite fled from the vpper face of the earth ) he c powerfully renewed the world afresh , by that selfesame primarie blessing wherwith d the propagation of man was blessed at first : and e reestablished also in man his primarie dominion ouer birds , beasts , and fishes . Yea and euen then also ( recalling eftsoones to remembrance f the bloudie massacres of Nimrod and others , as also intending a maruellous increase of the world afresh , by those eight suruiuers after the floud ) he purposely diuised a very prouident restraint concerning all such outragious murders as might any waies hinder his forenamed purpose for propagation : telling Noah and the rest , that he would vndoubtedly g require the bloud of man , at the hands of euery man outragiously spilling the same . And because there should no scruple of conscience remaine in any those iust reuengers of bloud , the Lord God therefore doth authentically establish afresh , a perpetuall supereminent power ouer man and beast , for the orderly execution of that his vnchangeable ordinance concerning the lawfull reuenge of any such wilfull murthers , telling them thus : h Whosoeuer sheddeth mans bloud , in man , or by man shall his bloud be shed , or let his bloud be shed . Lo this I assure thee , is the true sence and meaning of that portion of Scripture . Capn. Surely Sir , this sen●e which you giue , it seemeth very congruent with the proportion of faith , and scope of the text . Although yet , I haue heard say of some who do verily thinke that i the Lord ( in that text ) hath not exactly and purposely put downe any politique or positiue law concerning the authenticall punishment of outragious murders . Hydr. There are some ( I confesse ) who affirme as thou sayest , and those also of reuerend regard with the Churches of God. But whosoeuer more considerately examineth the apt coherence of this one , with all the precedent verses , he will ( I verily suppose ) be soone of a contrary mind . For sith the Lord God ( by the very tenure of that text ) doth directly determine a timely reuenge of euery such wilfull murders by the subordinate ministerie of some one man or other : what man is he that may vnblameably vndertake the timely execution of that selfe same determined reuenge , but only some such a one as the Lord himselfe hath publikely and powerfully enabled thereunto ? Besides that , if we consider somewhat more strictly , the very maine reason it selfe which the Lord God hath purposely rendered for the vndoubted approbation of such a ministeriall reuenge : we shall find ( in my iudgement ) the matter more euident than that it may probably be impugned of any . For whereas Noah , and his sonnes ( conceiuing some doubt concerning the matter propounded ) might haue made this exception , saying : Lord thou hast told vs euen now , that the outragious spiller of any mans bloud shall vndoubtedly be sure to haue his owne bloud spilt againe by man : but here shew vs ( we pray thee ) what one man in the world may reuengingly shed such a murderers bloud , and not be made guiltie of bloudshed himselfe ? That may the magistrate to ( saith the Lord ) into whose authentical hands alone , I haue ( for such a determined reuenge ) euen purposely put k my reuenging sword . Lo , here is the proper coherence , and the purposed scope of this present text . Capn. Very well . But why may such a man do it more than another , and not be made guiltie of murder himselfe ? Hydr. For answer herein , let me first aske thee this question : namely , Whether thou beleeuest that the Lord God himselfe may take an immediate reuenge of innocent bloud vpon the murdering person ? Capn. That I do verily beléeue ; both because he hath iustly decreed such iust reuenge : and for that also he ( being onely the supereminent God ) may l Do whatsoeuer seemeth good in his owne eies , without the checke or controlement of any . Hydr. Well , and that which he may immediatly so worke by himselfe alone , may he not likewise mediately accomplish the same , by the ordinary meanes of another ? Capn. Yes Sir , he may worke either by himselfe , or by another , what pleaseth himselfe . But sith he hath vnchangeably determined such a reuenge vpon any the causelesse spiller of bloud , how may this his mediate reuenger of bloud performe such an action more then another , and not be guiltie of bloudshed himselfe ? Hydr. Such a man may vnblameably do it ( saith God ) because I my selfe ( for that selfe same purpose ) haue vndoubtedly substituted him thereunto , according to m the very image of that mine owne maiesticall soueraignty . That is , I haue ( in a more especiall manner ) aduanced him to such an excellent seruice , by inuesting his person more properly with a most liuely resemblance of mine owne reuenging power : & by making him especially , the authenticall representation or the expresse image of that mine owne immaculate iustice against malefactors . Thus then , these words of the Lord , namely ( for n in the image of God hath he made man ) they are euen purposely annexed to that the precedent decree of the Lord , as the very maine reason why such a substituted magistrate may powerfully and vnblameably require like of a murderer as a decreed reuenge of the murder committed : namely , because ( for that selfe same businesse ) he is the authenticall image of the Almightie his absolu●e authority . Capn. Surely Sir , those words ( as you say ) they séeme to haue in them a very probable reason of that the presedent decrée concerning the iust reuenger of bloud : and are therefore euen purposely annexed thereto , for a further confirmation thereof . Howbeit , some others ( by your leaue ) they do imagine that these words ( o for in the image of God hath he made man ) they were p not put downe there for any such supposed confirmation of the magistrate his subordinate power , as your selfe do séeme to affirme ; but as an amplification rather , to aggrauate the sinne of such murder committed : telling the murderer thus , that not onely he hath bene most iniurious to the man whom he murdered , but that also the Lord his supereminent Maiestie is mightily wronged thereby , q because his owne image in man ( by such an outragious murder ) is most monstrously mangled , marred , and ( in a manner ) defaced . Hydr. Although this which those men affirme , be ( in it owne selfe ) such a sanctified truth as proportionably consorteth with the analogie of faith : yet is it not truly collected ( I verily thinke ) from that portion of Scripture , if we more strictly consider the same according to the maine purpose of the Almightie himselfe . Because these words ( the image of God ) they haue not any such reference there to the murdered man , but rather to the magistrate himselfe , so seuerely reuenging the murder committed . The Lord very plainly declaring therby , that r not onely a iust reuenge must seuerely be executed vpon the outragious murderers , but that also , the said reuenge must onely be orderly vndertaken by a man authentically endued with the authoritie of God. Yea and this sence of the place may yet more euidently breake forth to euery mans apprehension , if we aduisedly consider , first the seuerall significations of the image of God : and then next , if we examine more strictly the word s gnasa it selfe , put downe in the forenamed text . Capn. Shew me first ( I beséech you ) the seuerall significations of the image of God. Hydr. Touching the seuerall significations of that selfe-same image , so frequent and ordinary in sacred Scriptures , we haue here to obserue , that a man is said to be made according to the image of God , in a threefold respect : namely first , respecting the nature of his soule : the same being a spirituall essence , immortall , eternall , inuisible , and very significantly resembling the immortalitie , eternitie , and inuisibilitie of his Lord and Creatour . And in an especiall regard hereof , each man ( so created ) is fitly called t a liuing soule Secondly , a man is not vnaptly said to be created also according to the image of God , in an onely respect of the essentiall qualities of that his said soule , namely , righteousnesse , and holinesse : because man also was therein accordingly created after u the image of God. And thirdly , a man may very well be said to be created also in the image of God , in a more speciall respect of the holy attributes thereof bestowed vpon him , namely , dominion , dignitie , and glorie : because man also himselfe ( euen by a more speciall dispensation from God ) obtained from God x a most princely soueraigntie ouer all the inferiour creatures , as also more specially y concerning mankind . Capn. This Sir ( I confesse ) is maruellous strange , and more then euer I heard . But what do you inferre from this thréefold signification of the image of God ? Hydr. Euen that which notably tendeth to the timely confirmation of our purpose concerning the true ●ence of this text . For we may not ( in any wise ) vnderstand this portion of Scripture according to that primarie signification of the image of God , namely , according to the spirituall essence , immortalitie , eternitie , and inuisibilitie of mans soule : because therein the soule of man was made immortall ; and the Lord speaketh here precisely of that image of God in man , wherin mans bloud may be spilt , which cannot properly be said concerning mans soule . Neither may we vnderstand this portion of Scripture according to that secondarie signification of the said image of God , namely , according to the essentiall qualities of that selfesame soule , I meane , true righteousnesse , and holinesse : because those the essential qualities appertaining to the soule of man , as they were vtterly lost in our forefather Adam , so surely ( being now eternally restored to a man in Christ ) they are no way subiected to any such outragious spilling of bloud . And therefore we must necessarily vnderstand this making of man in the image of God , according to the third signification of the image of God , namely , according to that z diuine dominion , power , or soueraignetie which ( by y e speciall dispensation of God ) is more especially designed to some such speciall persons as are ( by his absolute authoritie ) to take a iust reuenge vpon all malefactours . Capn. Surely Sir , this thréefold signification of the image of God , doth shew forth the true sence of that text by sundry degrées a like the day-dawne in the morning . But how may this sence be yet further confirmed from a more strict examination of the word gnasa , put downe in that text ? Hydr. Exceedingly wel . Because the word gnasa , ( which is there translated ( made ) it may not properly be referred to that speciall worke of creation wherein Adam b was primarily c or secondarily made according to the said image of God , concerning either the essentiall being , or the essentiall qualities of that his said soule , which are no way subiected to any such outragious spilling of bloud : and therefore it cannot bee rightly referred to either of them . Capn. Oh yes Sir , maruellous fitly , especially if the word gnasa , be vsed indifferently for that thréefold signification of the image of God. Hydr. It were certainly true as thou sayest , if the word gnasa indeede , were vsed indifferently for euery of those seuerall significations of the said image of God. And therefore , we haue here now to consider afresh , that as the holy Ghost hath purposely distinguished those seuerall significations of the image of God the one from the other : so hath he precisely obserued three seuerall words in the originall tongue , to set forth the different degrees of those the said actions of God , according to their different conditions . Capn. What are those thrée seuerall words , I beséech you ? Hydr. The first word is d bara , that is , to create , or to make : and more properly it betokeneth e the bringing out of something , without any matter at all preexisting in nature . And euen so accordingly this word bara , it is vsed sometimes f for creation ; sometimes againe g for procreation ; or the bringing of one thing from out of another , and sometimes also for h recreation , or making againe : because euery of these three seuerall actions there appeareth a wonderfull inherent power in God , who i worketh whatsoeuer pleaseth himselfe in heauen and earth : and k calleth those things which are not , as though they were . Secondly , the Lord sometimes vseth the word l sarath , which properly and naturally signifieth to m burne vp , to boyle , to melt mettall , to trie forth by fire , and so metaphorically , to n trie out the children of men , to search through their hearts and their waies : also sometimes if signifieth to o to forme , or to fashion a thing , and to bring it vnto that exact and absolute condition which p doth proportionably consent with the primarie patterne thereof . And thirdly , the Lord sometime also he vseth the word q gnasa put downe in this portion of Scripture , as also r in sundry other places where occasion requireth . The which word ( in like manner ) is diuersly obserued in the sacred Scriptures , according to the diuerse and sundry occasions offered . For sometimes it signifieth s the timely producing , and the orderly bringing forth of the fruites of the earth according to Natures primary appointment ; sometimes it signifieth t the procuring , the getting , and the gathering , together of things , as men vsually do , when they gather vp goods and treasures ; sometimes it signifieth u to prouide , to prepare , or to make readie a thing , as men commonly do , when they prepare and make readie their meate for the hungrie trauelling persons ; sometimes it signifieth x to do , to make , to fashion , to forme , or to finish a thing , as the Lord did his workes in the first creation ; sometimes it signifieth y to present with sacrifice , or to offer vp sacrifice as men vsually do in the seruice of God ; yea sometimes againe it signifieth z to aduance , to extoll , to grace , or to magnifie , as men commonly do vnto some such speciall persons as they aduance vnto dignitie , and euen so is the word gnasa a vsed in this our present text . Capn. I perceiue the variety of significations concerning those the forenamed thrée words , but what do you obserue from the same ? Hydr. Surely , euen that which sufficiently tendeth to the true opening of this portion of Scripture according to that onely sence which I set downe before . For seeing the holy Ghost hath not here put downe the word bara , which properly betokeneth the creating of something from out of nothing preexisting in nature ; neither yet hath vsed the word tsarath , which properly signifieth to forme or fashion a thing ( as it were ) by melting the same in a mould : therefore , this portion of Scripture ( being not purposely declared by any of those two words ) it cannot properly be vnderstood of that primarie image of God which more particularly respecteth the first creation of man ; and so consequently the speciall reason comprehended therein , it can haue no such peculiar reference to that murdered man in whom the created image of God is so defaced . Moreouer , sith the holy Ghost doth precizely put downe in this portion of Scripture , neither bara , nor tsarath , but the onely word gnasa , which properly betokeneth to aduance , to extoll , or to magnifie with honor , as I told thee before : therefore the text cannot significantly be resolued thus ; For in the primarie image of God , hath the Lord created or formed that murdered man : but rather more proportionably thus ; For in the secondary image of God , hath the Lord aduanced , and magnified that his subordinate reuenger of innocent bloud . And so the maine reason rendred there in that text , it hath ( thou maist see ) a much more peculiar reference to such a reuenger of innocent bloud as is peculiarly authorised thereunto according to that diuine image of soueraignetie , wherein such a reuenger ( by a peculiar dispensation from God ) is authentically aduanced , extolled , and most honorably magnified . Now then , the Almightie Iehouah ( protesting to Noah and the rest , that the b outragious spiller of any mans bloud ▪ should by man haue his owne bloud spilt againe in a iust reuenge ) doth presenly put downe the maine reason , why such a subordinate reuenger of bloud may boldly , and vnblameably accomplish that businesse : namely , because such a man ( such a ministeriall reuenger of bloud I meane ) is authentically formed or made in the image of God ; or ( to speake more significantly and properly according to the originall text ) because such a subordinate reuenger , is authentically aduanced , dignified , extolled , or magnified with the authenticall image , or liuely resemblance c of that the Almightie his maiesticall soueraignetie , wherewith he may boldly and vnblameably execute vengeance vpon all such malefactors as are formerly condemned to death for any their enormious or capitall crimes . Lo Capnistus , this ( I assure thee ) is the very true sence and meaning of that portion of Scripture . Capn. Surely Sir , this sence which you giue ( in my proper conceipt ) it is without all contradiction . More especially , if those the former thrée words be not méere Synonima , words ( I meane ) of one and the selfesame signification , but are vsed rather ( as you say ) for such different termes as are purposely put downe by d the spirit of truth , to distinguish those the forenamed thrée actions of God , according to their different , and diuerse conditions . Hydr. There is ( I assure thee ) no question thereof . Yea and therefore the e onely wise God ( to take quite away all colourable shewes of any such idle conceipt ) hath of very purpose compacted and coupled euen those the former three words ( I meane , bara , tsarath and gnasa ) all ioyntly together in one and the selfe same verse , yea and ( which more is by much ) for those the three former different respects which we precizely spake of before , saying thus : Euery one shall be called by my name , for f berathiu , ietsarethiu , aph-gnasithiu that is , I haue created him , I haue formed him , yea I haue exalted him . We may not therefore too too grosly imagine that these three seuerall words were here put downe by the Prophet , onely for bate Synonima , as words ( I meane ) of one and the same signification ; for so should he haue made but an idle tautologie , that is , but a superfluous and a needlesse repetition of one and the selfe same matter , propounded thus : I haue created him , I haue created him , I haue created him . But those three seuerall words they are vsed there rather g as different termes , or as an elegant gradation , to set forth more succinctly , the excellent and most admirable order of the Lord his exceeding great kindnesse towards the elect . For first of all the Prophet he telleth the people , that ( from the very first houre of their creation ) the Lord h hath ordained them to his owne euerlasting glorie i according to the eternall purpose of his owne will. Then next , that he formeth or fashioneth them afresh , being fearefully fallen from their former integritie : that is , k he calleth , iustifieth and preserueth them to himselfe , by this holy Spirit of regeneration , And lastly , that he aduanceth , extolleth , or magnifieth them with a soueraigne dominion , dignitie and honour l both in this , and the life to come . Capn. The matter ( as you make it ) both seeme verie probable . But yet do tell me ( I pray you ) wherefore you your selfe haue purposely translated the word gnasa put downe in that place ( aduanced or magnified ) rather then ( made or formed that man in the image of God ) as it is vsually turned in many of our Latine and English Bibles ? Hydr. I haue purposely translated the word gnasa so , for three principall reasons . First , because ( among the manifold significations of that word set downe before ) it is no improper , but a most proper signification of the word it selfe . Secondly , for that the very coherence and purpose of that present text doth euen proportionably require that selfe same translation . And thirdly , because ( in sundry other places m of Scripture besides ) the same word gnasa ( vpon the like vrgent occasion , by many most excellent and learned n Linguists ) is ordinarily and vsually translated , to aduance , to extoll , and to magnifie with a soueraigne dignitie , dominion , preheminence , or princely power . As in Deuteronomie thus , Is not the Lord God thy Father , that hath redeemed thee , that hath magnified thee , that hath proportioned thee ? And a little after , thus : He forsooke God that magnified him , and regarded not the strong God of his saluation . Also in Samuel , thus : It is the Lord that magnified Moses and Aaron , and brought your fathers out of the land of Egypt . Also in ▪ Isaiah thus : Euery one shall be called by my name ( saith the Lord ) for I created him , I formed him , I magnified him . And againe in another place thus : I the same , euen I will beare you vntill the hoare haires , I haue magnified you ; I will also beare you , I will carrie you , and I will deliuer you . Where also he vseth the like elegant gradation , ( though in different termes ) to that which he spake of before . Now then , sith such excellent Linguists ( notwithstanding the forenamed opposition in some of our Latine , and English Bibles ) haue thus ( vpon vrgent occasion from those the former propounded o Scriptures ) of very purpose translated the word gnasa ( not made , but magnified rather ) according to the naturall signification thereof : why may not I Capnistus ( vpon a like vrgent occasion from the text it selfe ) translate the word gnasa , put downe p in Genesis ( not made , but magnified man in the image of God ) notwithstanding any thy pretended opposition in the forenamed Bibles ? Capn. Surely Sir , I sée no reason at all why the like lawfull libertie herein , may not ( vpon equall occasion ) be vsed by you , which was formerly vsed of others , yea and so much the rather , by how much the sence which your selfe haue giuen concerning this portion of Scripture , is thereby made so apparently euident to each mans apprehension , as that I ( for mine owne part ) am presently constrained to q crie out and say thus , Oh great is the truth , & must néeds preuaile . Hydr. If any besides they selfe do yet seeme scrupulous concerning this sence of the place , I do here purposely referre him ( for further satisfaction herein ) to that the authenticall interpretation thereof which our Sauiour himselfe , and the holy spirit of God ( vpon iust occasion ) haue authentically put downe : saying thus vnto Peter ( and all other whatsoeuer being onely but persons of priuate regard ) Put vp thy sword into his place , r for all that take the sword , shall perish with the sword , Wherein our Sauiour Christ doth s make no restraint of the Magistrate his lawfull authoritie in the vse of the sword : but only inhibites an ●surped authoritie , or a lawlesse abuse thereof . And therefore , these words in Mathew t hoilabóntes , that is , all that take the sword , would rather be translated ( saith Beza ) thus u omnes vsurpantes , that is , euery one vsurping the sword shall perish with the sword . Yea and so the Hebrew word x nasa ( saith he ) whereunto answereth the Greeke word , tò lambánein , is eftsoones obserued in y the sacred Scriptures . And in very deede , those men , they may iustly be said to take , that is , to vsurpe the sword , to whom the same is not purposely giuen by the Lord himselfe , or who do abuse the said sword beyond the appointed limits and bounds of their proper calling . As did Peter there , and as all others before the law written should vndoubtedly haue done : had not the Almightie law-giuer ( in that z ninth of Genesis ) authentically enabled their persons to take iust reuenge vpon any the outragious spiller of innocent bloud . Thus then I hope the Magistrates authoritie ( concerning such a sanctified vse of the sword ) was sufficiently established among the old Patriarkes , euen by that selfesame legall decree which the Almightie concluded there with Noah , and the rest immediatly after the floud . Wherein also I haue laboured the matter so much the more , by how much I would not willingly ( without very apparent reason ) be said to dissent from so worthie & reuerend a man , concerning the true and naturall sence of that portion of Scripture : as also to let thy selfe and the rest perceiue , that his Maiesties power ( so authentically suppressing those our rebellious Tobacconists ) was no waies made guiltie of shedding their bloud . Capn. The truth thereof is so apparently euident , as ( I thinke ) all men but such as are purposely blind , will fréely acknowledge the same . But yet Sir , they and their vnderhand fauourites do excéedingly wonder , that so many poore soules should be put to the sword , being al English men borne , and bred in our countrey . Hydrophorus . How many ( thinkest thou ) were put to the sword ? Capn. I do not certainely know the number my selfe , but y e report goeth currantly in many mens mouthes , that there were fouretéene score slaine and hurt at the least . Hydr. What maruell is it , though such a false report ran currantly among that disordered companie , sith their words seemed a softer then butter , when ( not withstanding ) there was war in their hearts : & seeing their speech appeared more smooth ●hen oyle , when as yet they imagined nothing but mischiefe , being not vnlike to b a very sharpe razour which cutteth so deceitefully , as hardly a man may perceiue the same . But oh impudent mouthes , which are no whit ashamed ( vnder a falsely pretended couerture of foureteene score persons ) to shilter foureteene score lies and foure at the least : for there were not slaine aboue sixteene persons at most . Notwithstanding , behold here the bad disposition of those our monstrous Minotaures ? For as they had desperately c laid their bloud●e hands before vpon such as were soundly at peace with euery of them , and broken the holy couenant of their dutifull subiection to his Maiesties power : so surely ( to hide the horrour of that their horrible enterprice ) they are not now ashamed to make knowne to the world , that they d do rather loue euill , then that which is good , and do take a far greater delight to broach abroade lies , then to vtter the truth of the matter . Capn. But yet Sir ( notwithstanding all this ) they do boldly affirme , that a most barbarous crueltie was shelved vpon sillie poore women and children ; one woman being sauagely killed with two young babes in her wombe , another runne bloudily through with a speare , the one end thereof sticking fast in the ground , and the other end being pitifully shattered on péeces in her harmelesse sides : also vpon old men , women and children , being but weeding their corne in the fields : and lastly , vpon poore passengers likewise , that did but trauell by the way . Hydr. It seemeth rather ( by the purport of thy speech ) that a most barbarous villanie is vsed against his Maiesties souldiers , by these most barbarous and sauage reports . Howbeit , it now plainly appeares , that these barbarous Cannibals can do nothing else but e vse their bad tongues to deceipt ▪ that they f haue sharpened their said tongues like a serpent ; that g the poyson of Aspes is vnder their lips ; and that they h delight in nothing at all , but to shoote out their arrowes ( I meane ) most bitter and venimous words . For I assure thee this on my credit , that there was killed neither woman nor child ; neither yet any one creature weeding their corne , was so much as once challenged at all . It may be ( I confesse , which yet I beleeue can neuer be proued ) that some one passenger ( carelesly crowding himselfe in the midst of the throng as they fled ) receiued some little hurt at vnawares , but wittingly and willingly not touched at all : and therefore those his Maiesties souldiers are most barbarously belied by these their beastly reports . Howbeit , the best remedie they haue against i those deadly stroakes of the tongue , is ( with good David ) to crie out to the Lord and say , k Deliuer vs oh Lord from the euill men , preserue vs fro ! such pestilent persons , and protect our harmelesse soules from all those lying lips which l imagine but euill things in their rebellious hearts , and stirre vp a deadly strife all the day long ; which do m mischieuously furmize all manner of words that may do hurt , oh false deceitfull tongues . But thou oh Lord wilt n shoote an arrow sodenly at euery of them , yea their deadly stroaks they shal be at once . They shall cause their own tongs to fall pat on their pates , in so much as whosoeuer seeth them shall flee from them , and say thus vnto euery of them : o What good haue those your deceiptfull tongues procured vnto you ? or what do those your venimous mouthes auaile you at all ? Hath not the Almightie Iehouah destroyed you for euer ? hath he not plucked you out from your tabernacles , and made you a present terrour to those that passe by the way : when they daily behold what monuments of mischiefe you are iustly become to all disobedient and rebellious raskals ? Euen so p let all thine enemies perish oh Lord , that shall any waies raise up themselves against thine annointed , but let all those that loue thee and thy sauing health , be euen as the Sunne , when he ariseth in his strength . So be it Lord Iesus . Thus then thou seest now Capnistus , that ( notwithstanding any their barbarous babblings abroad ) his Maiesties power is euery way freed from blame : and those q cursed Cains themselues are euery way guiltie of spilling their owne and their confederates bloud , either then in the skirmish , or at any time since , in the orderly execution of iustice vpon them . Capn. Good Sir , I do not as yet perceiue , how they themselues should be made guiltie of any mans bloud but their owne , vnlesse haply they did most outragiously lay their violent hands vpon any their associates slaine . Hydr. Thay they themselues became guiltie of their owne , and their confed●rates bloud , it is more then apparently euident . Because howsoeuer it be necessary that offences should come , yet r woe be to that man whatsoever , by whom the offence first cometh on foote . Yea and the ciuill law telleth vs confidently , y t s whosoeuer administreth an occasion of hurt , that man is accompted y e doer of the hurt it selfe . Moreouer , if their laying of violent hands vpon any of those their associats ( though otherwise , neuer so worthie of death ) had vndoubtedly made them guiltie of that their bloud : what a dangerous condition then , are those wretches in ( thinkest thou ) before the Maiestie of the immortall God , who so desperately combined themselues in one , and with such bloudie and murdering resolutions made haste to murder his Maiesties authenticall power ? Yea and ( which more is by much ) what a fearefull case are those blind Cannibals in before God in their conscience , who so caus●lesly , so cruelly , so cursedly , and with most rebellious minds to the King his excellent Maiestie , did so villanously execute such a villanous , merciles , and monstrous massacre vpon s that excellent Captaine , who was the deputed conducter of his Maiesties power for the present ? whose experimented valour for seruice of weightie importance , and whose admirable worth for the timely atchieuing of any notable exploit , is famous throughout the whole world ; yea and whose wofull want for future imployments of trust , is ten thousand times more then would be the want of an hundred thousand of such sillie fresh-water souldiers as rebelliously bare armour then against his said Maiesties authenticall power . Well , sith i● is now as it is , let them praise God with all their hearts , for his Maiesties exceeding great clemencie in so pardoning , and sparing their liues for the present ; and let them ( in Gods holy name ) endeauour now to spend the remainder of their wofull daies , in an earnest and heartie desire to be freed forthwith from t that one bloud-guiltinesse aboue all the rest , before the presence of God ; lest good Abel his innocent bloud u do continually crie out for vengeance against them : and themselues ( being iustly cast forth from the face of the earth ) begin with horrour of conscience x to run hither and thither like runagate-vagabonds , being hourely afraid to be cruelly killed of euery one that shall but happen to meete them . Lo Capnistus , this is the worst I wish to them all , and this is the best I can do for them . In the meane time , thou maist now very plainly perceiue by that which is spoken , what a pestilent crew of pernicious persons all those our disordered Tobacconists were ( for the present ) to the publike good of our State ; as also , what further mischiefes might forthwith haue followed vpon those their mischiuous attempts , had not our merciful God ( by the prouident care of those his Maiesties most prudent magistrates ) very mercifully met with the mischiefes in time : Namely , many mutinous broiles among our owne selues ; ciuill dissentions in euery coast , the spending of our selues against our owne selues , much spilling of English bloud , a present spoile of all the good blessings of God , the opening of a fearefull gap to forreine inuasions , most cruell massacres on euery side , with an extreme hazard of King , of Queene , of kingly of-spring , of our happie estate , yea & of this our flourishing kingdome also , without the more mercie of our mercifull God. Capn. It is vndoubtedly true as you say . And therefore the Lord of his infinite mercies forgiue all men their sins in deseruing , and those men their sins in attempting such horrible beginnings of mischiefe . Hydr. The Lord God say amen to the same , for the merits of Iesus Christ. Now then , ( to knit vp the second part of this our present discourse in a summarie speech ) sith those the disordered courses of our gracelesse Tobacconists are euery way so exceedingly hurtfull to their owne proper persons , first by poysoning their bodies and soules , and then next , by procuring a prodigall dispending of their ancient patrimonies and other preserments ; sith they are so vnnaturally iniurious to their owne wiues & children , by causing their needlesse pouertie , and wofull complaints ; sith they are so barbarously cruell towards their poore Tenants , for the chargeable supply of their vnnecessary wants ; sith they are so outragiously resolute vpon the present spoile of other mens substance ; sith they are so fearefully opposite to the well setled peace of our countrey ; sith they are so starely repugnant to the good established lawes of our land ; sith they are so dangerously occurring to the publike peace of our soueraigne Lord the King ; sith they are so proudly rebellious to his Maiesties soueraigne power ; sith they are such ineuitable prouocations to the vntimely spilling of their owne and other mens bloud ; briefly , sith they are the horrible beginnings of many mutinous broiles , of ciuill dissentions , of spending our selues , of spilling much bloud , of spoyling the present good blessings of God , of opening a fearefull gap to forreine inuations , of cruell massacres , of an extreme hazard to our gracious King , our Queene , the royall Progenie , to our happy Estate , and most flourishing kingdome : Let their owne proper bodies , their patrimonies , their wiues , their children , their poore oppressed Tenants , their honest good neighbours , the quiet of our countrey , the lawes of our land , the publike peace of our soueraigne Lord the King , his Maiesties soueraigne power , their owne and other mens blouds , the forreine powers about vs , our King , our Queene , the whole Progenie , our present good , the flourishing state of our kingdome , yea and Capnistus also himselfe , in the name of those our disordered Tobacconists ; let all these ( I say ) both ioyntly , and seuerally conclude with me , and for me , whether those their filthie Tobacco fumes are , not onely pernicious to their owne proper bodies , but ouer profluuious also for those our ●isordered Tobacconists purses , and too too pestiferous to the present good of our publike State. Capn. Surely Sir , I ( for mine owne part ) do not onely conclude it an infallible truth from my very heart roote , but will ( herewithall ) very readily afford you a generall applaud from the rest , and my selfe : praysing the Almightie with heart and mouth , that it was his gracious prouidence to bring me so right in your companie , before that I entred vpon my purposed voyage : protesting withall from an vnfained heart , to haue from henceforth those filthe Tobacco fumes in no lesse detestation then the diuell of hell . Hydr. Not so Capnistus . For howsoeuer I am heartily glad to heare thee brought now into such a deadly deflation with those their former Tobacco fumes , yet let not my present speech , bring any such preiudice to that thy purposed voyage . Thou art a proper young man , of exceeding great hope in our countrey , even now in thy best flourishing state ; and young-men ( thou knowest ) by trauelling forreine countries , may haply attaine to a notable experience ; besides that , this thy purposed adventure , may become very gainful vnto thee . Capn. I am a young man ( Sir ) I confesse ; and therefore do stand in more néed of a sound and setled experience . Howbeit , I have now gathered ( I thanke my good God ) such an experimented and sanctified wisedome from this your present discourse , as doth very plainly demonstrate vnto me , the palpable foolerie of all my former West India voyages . Although this I acknowledge withall , that ( if my purposed iourney had this way bene prosperous ) I could ( by the onely trafficke of Tobacco it selfe ) haue clearely gained thrée hundred pounds by my voyage at least ; so vainly are our vaine English-men affected after a vaine , and vanishing filthie fume . But Sir , ( Gods holy name be blessed ) I begin now to abhorre the gaine that is enterprised with such imminent perils , and accomplished also with such endless paines . For what will it y profit a man to winne the whole world , and lose his owne soule ? And ( Sir ) you told me but euen now , that z Whosoever but administreth an occasion of mischiefe , he is the principall master of that mischiefe himselfe . Hydr. That is certainly so . But God grant Capnistus , that this so forward a protestation proue not a fire-flash , resembling those sodaine flames of thy filthy Tobacco fumes , which ( being sodainly kindled with the flame of a candle ) are as sodainly quenched with good ale fumes . Yea I beseech the Almightie with all my heart , that this thy sodaine illumination proue not ( in the end ) and odde Interiection , I meane , some sodaine passion of a passionate mind prolated vnder an vnperfect voice , and thereupon as sodainly vanish away like a flash or a fume . Capn. Nay Sir , my protestation procéeds from a firme and setled iudgement : and ( that you may the rather credit my spéech ) I will tell you what seale shall be set to the same for a further confirmation thereof . I have ( at this present ) two hundred pounds worth of this beastly Tobacco at home in my house ; all which ( notwithstanding the great value thereof ) shall either presently packe to the fire as a burnt oblation for this my aduised vow , or else be sent swimming downe the Thames at the least , directly towards West India from whence it first came , in an vtter detestation of the most detestable fooleries of those our disordered Tobacconists . Hydr. Not so Capnistus . For howsoever the filthie fume of Tobacco taken inward be most pernicious to the bodies of men , yet may there a very good vse be made of the hearbe it selfe for sundry diseases befalling the bodies of men , as I told thee before . Capn. Good Sir , I am altogether hopelesse for euer beholding any good vse of that which ( being first abusiuely brought to our countrey by bad and wilde dispositions for the onely abuse thereof ) hath euer since bene beastly abused by like dispositions , and never yet conuerted to any good vse at all . And therefore ( for mine owne part ) I will neuer regard whatsoever supposed good vse may hereafter bee made of Tobacco it selfe , all the while I perceiue the present abuse of filthie Tobacco fumes in such earnest request among our disordered Tobacconists : more especially among those our insatiable deuourers of all the good blessings of God ; and therefore I will ( for euer hereafter ) beware of giuing the least occasion to any such fearefull abuse . Hydr. Gods holy name be blessed for these his good beginnings of grace , and the Lord multiplie his sweete mercies vpon thee an hundred fold . But yet thus much I would haue thee remember withall , that as it is the vndoubted true nature of all those to whom the Lord restoreth a the ioy of his sauing health , and more fully establisheth with the spirit of freedome , to shew forth his mercifull waies to the wicked : so is it a speciall dutie imposed vpon euery Christian Conuert ( being soundly conuerted himselfe ) euen then also most seriously to labour b the sound conuersion of all others besides . And therefore ( good Capnistus ) I pray thee heartily , do thou now make knowne thy Christian conuersion , by that thy Christian care in conuerting thy brethren . Shew thy selfe c wise ( for euer hereafter ) in winning of soules : and so shalt thou certainly know , that d he which hath conuerted a sinner from going astray from the waies of the Lord , shall saue a soul from death , and couer a multitude of sinnes . Hydr. Good Sir , my good will that way ( by the grace of God ) shall neuer be wanting when , or wheresoeuer I méete with any of them : how furiously soeuer their filthie Tobacco fumes do make them to fret , to frowne , or to to fume at the same . Hydr. Indeed Capnistus , whensoeuer thou dost soundly vndergo such a Christian course , thou must looke forthwith for the e strokes of the tongue . For thou shalt no sooner begin f to proclaime desolation against those their shameful disorders , but the sweete word of the Lord will be made a reproach to thy person , and thy selfe shall be had in derision for it . Then shalt thou be forced g to heare the raylings of many , and be assaulted with feare on euery side : yea then be thou sure h that euen those thy former familiars will narrowly watch for thy halting , and daily endeauour to execute all their outragious villanies vpon thee . But i be thou nothing dismaid with any their terrours , feare not their fierie threatnings , neither bee thou troubled at all with , the rufull remembrance thereof ; nay rather , be thou euery houre ready k to offer thy backe to those smiters , and thy cheekes to those nippers , and neuer hide thy face from their shame and spitting . But endure thou with meeknesse l the outragious raylings of those raging Rabshakeians , and vndergo with patience , the m causeles curses of any those shamelesse Shimeis , because the Lord himselfe hath bidden them curse : it may be , the Almightie will much more mercifully behold thy affliction , and do thee much good for their cursing that day . Capn. Good Sir , ( being thus resolutely bent as I am n to fight the Lords battailes , neuer make you any doubt ( I beséech you ) but that I haue long since o set downe , & seriously cast with my selfe , whether I be able with bare ten thousand , to méete him y ● cometh against me with twenty thousand , or not . Do as you may be certaine of this , that ( if I had either felt a fainting heart , or found too féeble a force , I would rather p send an Ambassadour , and desire conditions of peace , then desperately aduenture my selfe vpon any so bloudy a bickering . And therefore , I pray you ceasse wéeping q and breaking my heart : because ( by the helpe of my God ) I will rather endure ten thousand tortures and torments , then suffer his glorious name to be so déepely dishonoured by any their disordered dealings , or permit his gracious blessings to be so prodigally and so profluuiously r dispended vpon the inordinate lusts of those our insatiable and lasciuious suckers in of filthie Tobacco fumes , if any my priuate admonitions , or open reproofes may hinder the same . Hydr. If thy resolution be thus , why then , s the will of the Lord be done ; but in any wise obserue ( I pray thee ) a Christian course in those thy rebukes . Capn. My Worshipfull Fathers , and fellowes for forreine aduentures : We that u go downe to the Sea in ships , & occupie our businesse in huge great waters , we haue eftsoones séene the great works of the Lord , and his wonders done in the déepe . How he commandeth the stormie winds to arise , and lifteth vp those the mighty waues of the Sea , which make our tottring ships mount vp to the heauens , and downe againe to the déepe . So as our soules they melt for trouble , to sée our selues tossed to and fro , to stagger like drunken men , and to be hourely brought to our wits end for feare . We remember ( I hope ) that when wee cried heartily out to the Lord in the midst of those our dangerous troubles , he brought vs forth from our present distresse , by turning those great tempests into a quiet calme , and by causing the waues of the Sea to be still . Lo , then began wee to be heartily glad , because wee were safely brought to the hauen where we longed to be . These things ( my deare brethren ) we all know to be true in our owne proper experience . Oh let vs therefore most highly exalt the Lord in the congregation of his people , and praise his great name in the assemblie of the Elders . Let not our goodnesse herein , be x as a morning cloud , or like to the morning deaw that goeth away . Let vs not within a while y forget God our Sauiour : who hath dealt so wonderfully with euery of vs , aboue many the sonnes of mortall men . But let vs eftsoones be perswaded , that those terrible stormes of wind they did onely pronosticate the ineuitable stormes of God his excéeding great anger against our excessiue sins : yea and let vs acknowledge withall , that there can be no greater wickednesse concerning our ordinary callings , then wittingly to trafficke home that from forreine parts , which doth both willingly and wickedly procure a generall wastfull consuming of all the good blessings of God. More especially , whē those selfe same blessings are prodigally dispended vpon that which not onely doth our countrey people no one good at all , but also which hurteth their health , consumeth their wealth , and hazardeth eftsoones their happie estates . Perhaps your good worships do wonder much what this hurtfull trafficke might be ? I will here tell you the same without further delay . It is that our filthie Tobacco fumes which we so dangerously aduenture to get ; which our owne countrie-men so gréedily deuoure , and which hath so egregiously endangered our publike State. I know there is an excéeding great gaine to be gotten thereby : yea I feare me ( alas ) that too too many of our miserable Merchants ( by the very sale thereof ) haue gotten the diuell and all . But accursed be that gaine whatsoeuer z which is so dangerously obtained with the excéeding great griefe , and hazard of body and soule in hell . The pernicious , the profluuious , and pestiferous effects of these our filthie Tobacco fumes , do vniuersally appeare throughout this whole countrey of ours , and a woe bee to them that are found the primary causers thereof . Let not vs ( my worshipfull Fathers , and fellowes in forreine aduentures ) for a priuate gaine to our proper purses , procure the cause of a publike bane to our owne countrey people . Let not our inordinate care of superfluous wines , be made an ordindary b razour to our countrie-mens throates . Let not our preposterous profession , be any occasion at all to our countries perdition . Let vs no longer cozen our poore countrey neighbours , by bringing them home a filthie pestiferous fumes , for their rich and substantiall fruits . Let vs not still shew our selues to be those insatiable hungrie Merchants , who ( hearing once what wonderful gaine may be got from the intoxicated minds of Mooneheaded Minotaures ) do most shamefully c take ouer with them an abundance of gold and siluer , to sell the sonnes of Israel for slaues , d and to make open sale of the soules of men for old shooes : lest the Almightie reuenger of innocent bloud e do breake our whole Nauie in péeces , and disable them finally for all forreine aduentures . Let vs not hereafter any more vndergo such dangerous voyages for vaine and vanishing smoke , but endeuour to trafficke home rather f the cedar trées , and firre trées , the Algummin wood , the gold of Ophir , and precious stones : so shall we be worthely estéemed those honest and frugall aduenturers who séeke rather the publike good of our countrey , then the priuate gaine of our purses . But if ( notwithstanding any thing hitherto said ) we neither care what bad trafficke we buy , nor passe not what excessiue prices our poore countreymen pay for our paysonsome pelse , all the while wee our selues may liue by their losse , then surely we shall most filthily shame our selues , and plucke a iustly deserued reproch vpon our worthie profession . For mine owne part ( my reuerend brethren ) I had rather vndergo ( I assure you ) ten hundred thousand tortures of death , then but once more to vndertake the enriching of mine owne selfe by the sale of that , which not onely doth no manner of good , and which is many waies so pernicious to the bodies of men , so profluuious to poore mens purses , and so pestiferous to the publike good of my natiue countrey . For surely ( knowing so much as now by the swéete mercies of my God I do sincerely know , and féeling what comfort by the worke of his spirit I presently féele ) if I should still continue that my former most couetous , nay rather most cutthroate-like course , all the whole world might iustly conclude , that ( if time would serue to vent them forth by open sale ) I would desperately g aduenture ( with the Babilonish Merchants ) to trafficke also from Rome , euen Agnus Deies , crucifixes , popish pardons , with other like paultrey pelfe , by the fearefull Tale of any poore countrymens soules . Yea and ( which more is by much ) that I would ( with the most vicious Venetian Panders ) very desirously packe ouer whole ships-full of sorrie Venetian Courteghianes , and most shamefully lease them forth in fée-farme for a filthie lucre . Alas ( my deare brethren ) alas , what a proportionable equitie is that ( thinke you ) which chaffereth but chaffe vnto men for their precious wheate ; which giueth them goose-quils for their glittring gold ; and which onely affordeth them a foule thinking fume , for their seuenfold refined siluer ? Is not this to accomplish that ancient hyperbolicall prouerbe , which so accustomably accompleth each vile contemptible trafficke , no better in effect , then h the very shadow of smoke ? that is , but a vanishing shew , without any substance at all . Is not this , to make men beléeue that we prouided them very daintie fine cates , howsoeuer most dearely bought ; when yet ( as is vsually spoken ) we set onely before them , i an holy sacrifice ( forsooth ) without any swéete smoke ? that is , a poore beggerly banquet , without either béefe or browesse at all . Would we our own selues ( my reuerend masters ) be willingly feasted so at other mens tables . Could we ( at any hand ) endure to pay so excessiuely deare for our suppers before hand , and ( when all cometh to all ) be then so conie catchingly fobbed forth with such a vaine shew of fantasticall fooleries : Can we be contented ( I pray you ) that any one liuing person ( vpon any such our former most chargeable payments ) should promise vs the gainefull purchase of golden mountaines , and then ( for our substantiall siluer ) procure onely vnto vs but k the deceiptfull sale of a most filthie vanishing fume ? that is , should make vs many great & glorious promises , which notwithstanding are finally destitute of their wished effects . Might we not ( my worshipfull brethren ) for these our insatiable l and dog-like inordinate desires of gréedie gaine , be iustly termed ( not the worshipfull Merchant venturers ) but rather those worrie-shéep mucke-scrape Vespasian vipers , who ( for filling their extraordinary gaping after gréedie gaine ) do make an ordinarie sale ( being spoken with reuerence ) of their most filthie stinking stale ? Yea and ( which more vile is ) when at any time their godly minded Matrons , or their sanctified sonnes ( with great anguish of heart , and griefe of mind ) do but once séeme to distaste or dislike of such kind of sale , euen then ( most contemptuously ) to proffer the most poysonsome stinke of that stinking gaine to their sanctified noses , bidding them boldly to smell thereof , and then tell him withall , whether that same siluer ( so gathered together ) doth not yéeld as redolent a sauour as any of the swéetest gold couched vp long since intheir Cabbinets made of spruce . By this meanes making good vpon their owne paultrie pates the pestiferous Vespasian prouerbe ; which telleth them plainly , that m the sauour of insatiable gaine ( from what filthie matter soeuer the same ariseth ) doth afford as fragrant a smell to those their insatiable and hunger-sterued nostrils , as any the finest ciuet or muske . Thereby also canonizing that heathenish Poet for a Preacher of truth ; who n telleth them plainly thus : From whence it comes we neuer care : So it may fall vnto our share . Perhaps your good worhips would willingly know the maine reason it selfe , why those filthie mucke merchants should become such hungersterued Heluoes , concerning o the holy hunger of gold , such gréedie gormandizers of filthie gaine , yea and such insatiable Philargyrians , in gathering treasures togither : the reason hereof ( saith Zenodor ) is onely this , namely , because p the néedie beggars satchell can neuer be satisfied . Now then , if we also our selues ( my worshipfull masters ) should ( in these our sea-faring courses ) declare our selues to be such : were we not very well worthie ( euen for this onely respect ) to be no lesse odiously estéemed of , and therein also as deseruedly ( in all points ) to be dealt withall , as was that notable conie chatcher Thurinus , in the daies of Alexander Seuerus ? Who ( being sharpely accused , and presently produced before the said Alexander , for that he ( remaining otherwise in no fauour at all with his Maiestie ) did notwithstanding , continually beare the sillie poore subiects in hand that he was all in all , and in excellent accompt with his Highnesse . By this base and paltrie practise ( vnder an onely pretence of speaking for them to his Maiestie ) he did very péeuishly pilfer much mony from out of the poore mens purses . Howbeit ( so soone as that his said knauerie brake forth to the open view of the world , and the same accordingly made knowne to the King ) he was forthwith adiudged to be surely made fast to a stake , and ( hauing great store of gréene wood then kindled about him ) to be so smothered to death by the violent smoke of that fire : The Executioner also then crying out to the by-standers and saying thus ; He q is worthily adiudged to perish with smoke , who hath so deceiptfully sold forth his smoke vnto others . And herein moreouer that conie catching companion did personally accomplish the old ancient Prouerbe which speaketh thus : r By flying from smoke , I fell forthwith into the flame it selfe . These the precedent matters being now more naturally , and more exactly considered , with their seuerall circumstances concurring also therewith , let vs in Gods name ( my worshipfull fathers and fellowes ) at no time hereafter after giue any further offence this way : but very conscionably and carefully ( from henceforth ) carrie our selues towards all sorts of people , s whether they be Iewes , Gentiles , or the Churches of Christ. Let vs héedfully t abstaine from all appearance of euill . So shall the Lord God u abundantly blesse vs : so shall the Kings Maiestie x most powerfully protect vs ; so shall our deare countriemen y pray heartily for vs ; so shall not the land at any time hereafter z vomit vs forth for filthie Amorites ; yea so shall we be sure to haue a peace in our conscience with God and men . Lo ( Sir ) this I assure you ( if the Lord God say amen to my purpose intended ) shall be the whole and the onely course that I will take with these kind of men . Hydr. Surely Capnistus , I do freely approue of this thy purposed course : yea and I doubt not at all , but that so many of them also as haue but one halfe dramme of Gods holy feare in their secret hearts , as haue but one scruple of true honestie in their open foreheads , yea as haue but one onely graine of common humanitie in their ordinarie courses , will euery of them very conscionably , & most carefully accompt of the same . As for those insatiable companions , of whom thou didst speake euen now , there is no hope at all to preuaile with any of them . For b can the blacke More change his skin ? or is it possible the Leopard should after his spots ? Then also may those men learne to do good , who haue bene accustomed so long to do euill . Otherwise , howsoeuer c they may be wise enough to do euill , yet to do well they haue no wisdome within them at all . But now shew me what course thou wilt take with the rest . Capn. The course I intend to take with them , shall be this . Having first made throughly knowne to euery of thē , this your present discourse , I will then wish them withall , for very shame to remember themselues in time , to giue ouer all those their former carousing courses with spéede ; to forbeare now any longer to make such beastly swine of themselues , by swillings in so superfluously the manifold blessings of God ; to abandon all their former vnnaturall dealings towards their owne wiues & children , towards their true hearted Tenants , towards their honest poore neighbours , and naturall countrie . To take héede moreouer , lest ( in pursuing such a superfluous supply to their insatiable gulling throats ) they do not procure d a cleannesse of teeth throughout the whole kingdome ; lest ( in going about such an vnorderly augmentation of tillage ) they e do not cause the whole earth to deceiue the dressers therof ; lest ( by this their inordinate swallowing downe of their filthy Tobacco fumes ) they do f make their swéetest drinkes to be mingled with Myrrhe , and to haue a most bitter fare-well to all the drinkes thereof ; lest ( by procuring such a néedlesse hauocke of wine , ale , and béere ) they themselues g be constrained to drinke their owne water for monie ; lest ( instead of h the harpe , the violl , the timbrell , the pipe , and the wine at their extraordinarie wanton feasts ) they be driuen i to eate their owne bread with a trembling feare , and to drinke their water with trouble and carefulnesse ; lest ( for their former most filthie abuse of the manifold blessings of God ) the Lord himselfe k do shoote forth the arrowes of famine among them , and breake the staffe of their bread in péeces ; lest ( for this their abundance of victuals now ) they l be compelled to take wheate , barley , beanes , lentils , millet , fitches , with whatsoeuer else they can get in one vessel together , to make them their bread thereof , according to the number of daies wherein they must be faine to sléepe on their sides ; yea and to bake their said bread in the dung of men , to eate it by weight , and to drinke their water by measure . Briefly , lest they be enforced to heare a most horrible crie before , and behinde them , saying thus : m Awake you drunkards , wéepe and houle you quaffers of wine , because of the new wine , for it shall finally be plucked away from your throats . Whereas ( on the other side ) if they once soundly forsake their former most filthie waies , and be heartily conuerted to God , he will then so excéedingly n blesse their basket and store , as they shall not néede thus disorderly to run vpon any such desperate and dangerous attempts for the augmentation of tillage . Because , whensoeuer they do conscionably sow that selfe same portion of tillage which they haue ( at this present ) in their owne proper vse , the Lord God of hoasts will euen then giue such a bountiful blessing vnto it , as they shall be sure o to find in one yeare an hundred fold more by due estimation . For the Lord he will p giue them the early , and the latter raine , and q render them the yeares that the grashopper had eaten before . Yea their r very barnes shall be filled with wheate , and their winepresses abound with wine and with oile . And herein no maruell at all , because the Lord ( in the day of this their holy conuersion ) will heare s yea the Lord God of hosts will heare the heauens ; and the heauens they will heare the earth ; and the earth , it will heare the corne , wine and oile ; and the corne , wine , and oile will heare the people ; and the people shall t sée the vallies stand so thicke with corne , that they shall laugh and sing , and say one to another , Behold how u the earth doth yéeld her increase ; and God , euen our owne God hath giuen vs his blessing . Lo ( Sir ) this is all the whole course I will take with that sort of men . Hydr. This course ( I confesse ) is very conuenient , were they men capable of it . But alas ( Capnistus ) the wisedome of the word is a matter ouer loftie for such fantasticall fooles as do so insatiably affect their owne inordinate lusts : they may ( by no possible meanes ) attaine to the height thereof . Not because the words of wisedome are idlely bestowed among any the sonnes of mortall men , ( for x the feare of the Lord is the very beginning of wisdome ) but for that all such vnregenerate fooles do most disdainfully despite true wisdome it selfe , and all holy instruction . Neither yet hath the authenticall sound of such sacred knowledge bene hitherto held backe from any of them . For behold y Wisdome her selfe hath cried without , she hath vttered her voyce in the open streets , she hath called to them all in the publike assemblies , yea euen in the very preasse of the people themselues , as also in the middest of the Citie hath shee solemnely vttered her words , saying thus : Oh you foolish , how long will you affect your owne foolishnesse , and you scornfull take such pleasure in scorning ? Oh turne you at my correction , for loe , I will now euen powre out my mind vnto you at large , and make you vnderstand my words to the full . What ( I pray thee ) might Wisdome do z more to the sonnes of men , then shee hath hitherto done vnto euery of them ? But what ? behold a how obstinately they do despise all her counsels , and most scornfully set her corrections at nought . Lo then , here is the onely cause of their foolishnesse . Capn. And why should not all these be as capable of heauenly wisedome , as those other we spake of a little afore ? Hydr. Because they will b not obey nor incline their eare vnto wisdome , but run headlong after the counsels and stubburnnesse of their owne wicked hearts , c walking moreouer according to the course of this sinfull world , and after the Prince that ruleth in the aire , that wicked spirit ( I meane ) which euen now worketh effectually in all those children of disobedience : who d hauing their owne cogitations euen vtterly darkened , and being meere strangers from the gracious life of God ( by reason of that in-bred ignorance which is naturally ingraffed in euery of them ) and being become without feeling , haue given themselues ouer to worke all manner of vncleannesse , euen with an insatiable kind of greedinesse . And therefore , as they haue no regard at all e to know God , so surely , the Lord ( iniustice ) deliuers them vp vnto reprobate minds , to do such things as are not conuenient : sending them withall f very strong delusions to make them beleeue all manner of lies , because they received not the truth : that thereupon , they all might iustly be damned which beleeue not the truth , but take an exceeding great pleasure in those their vnrighteous courses . Which their iust recompence also euen then shall iustly fall vpon euery of them . g when the Lord Iesus shall shew himselfe from heauen with his mightie Angels in flaming fire , rendring due vengeance to so many of them as know not God , and which obey not the Gospell : who shall be then punished with euerlasting perdition from the presence of the Lord , and from the glory of his maiesticall power . When notwithstanding he shall be eternally glorified in all his Saints , and be made maruellous in euery of them that beleeue : because our testimonie towards them , was so soundly beleeued in the day of their hoped saluation . Capn. Well Sir , whatsoeuer be the successe , I will earnestly endeauour to speake plainly unto euery of them , and ( it may be ) that many of them will willingly heare me . Hydr. It may be they will not : and more likey it is so , by a thousand fold . Capn. Oh , I beséech you Sir , neuer say so , but hope the best : h for charitie ( you know ) must not be suspitious . Hydr. I know it very well Capnistus , and this I dare tell thee withall , that charitie ( in like manner ) it must not be foolish in grounding so firme a perswasion of hope i vpon so hopelesse a ground as standeth onely on may bees . Hydr. Why Sir , the word was purposely giuen , you know , for k the hoped , and happie conuersion of sinfull soules . Hydr. Very true ( as thou sayest , ) although yet for the onely conuersion of those poore sinfull soules , whose effectuall calling to grace was purposely and eternally l decreed of God , by the ordinarie meanes of that selfe same word . For they being m before all beginnings the elected of God in Iesus Christ , were sure ( in their appointed time ) to haue their effectuall calling to the true knowledge of God , by the powerfull n preaching of his holy Gospell . And therefore , euen as all they which are eternally elected , are sure ( in time ) to be effectually called : so surely all such as haue finally no calling at all , or but onely a temporarie calling to grace , they cannot certainly conclude to themselues , any one certaine or grounded hope of their eternall election in Christ. Seeing therefore the true sauing faith is primarily o begot in the hearts of the heaters by the word of God preached , and must secondarily p grow vp and increase by that selfe same meanes it was first begottē , how is it possible ( thinkest thou ) that those men should euer be effectually called by the ordinarie preaching of Gods holy word q who cannot possibly be brought to the ordinary hearing therof ? sith men must necessarily r giue their willing consent to y e word , before they can be drawne to the obediēce therof . Or when at any time ( for fashions sake ) they come to the ordinarie preaching of that selfe same word , if they then heare it onely s as a minstrels song , with their mouthes make mockes at those preachers which bring it , their prophane hearts still pursuing their former inordinate affections : what other thing else will befall them ( thinkest thou ) but that which the Prophet proclaimeth saying , t Behold you despisers , and wonder , & vanish away , for I worke a worke in your daies , a worke , which you will not beleeue , though a man should declare it vnto you ? Capn. Whether they heare , or not heare , fleare and floute , jeare or jibe , make moes with their mouthes or not , if God giue me power , I will neuer forbeare them . Hydr. Oh say not so Capnistus , for Christ telleth thee u it is not alwaies good to tumble the childrens bread vnto whelpes : forbidding thee moreouer x to cast those thy precious pearles before beastly swine , and to hurle thy holy things vnto filthie dogs ; because the swine they will treade those pearles in the mire , and y the dogs , they will turne againe and teare thee in peeces . And howsoeuer those scorners may shew themselues holy a time , yet be thou assured of this , that the dogs ( first or last ) will z returne to their vomire afresh , and the swine which seemed before to be washed cleane , to their wallowing againe in the mire . And therefore , if ( at any time ) they shew themselues such , or if they will a needs become filthie , let them be filthie still : assuring themselues that all the while they be such they shall neuer haue b entrance through the gates into the celestiall Citie , but be shut out among dogs , enchanters , whoremongers , murderers , idolaters , and such as take a delight in their lying . Although yet I doubt not at all , but that the ordinarie preaching of the glorious Gospell , shall c accomplish that thing whereunto it was purposely sent of God : namely , it shall either be a blessing or a d burden ; a word of e conuersion , or a word of confusion ; a f sauour of life vnto life , or a sauour of death vnto death : yea and in either of both , the same shall be a sweete sauour to God. Capn. Why then ( God willing ) I will not ceasse crying vnto them , that ( whether they heare or not ) they may yet know g there hath bene a Prophet among them . Hydr. Surely Capnistus , as thy resolution herein in exceeding honest , thy purpose godly , and thy intended course correspondent to both : so I doubt not at all but that ( if thy practicall proceeding be sutable in euery respect ) exceeding much good may be wrought by the same . More especially , if thou ( for thine owne part ) doest Christianly consider , that such as are but lately wained from the milke , and newly drawne from the brest , must haue h precept vpon precept , precept vpon precept ; line vnto line , line vnto line ; there a little , and there a little : yea and must also be spoken vnto with a stuttring tongue , and a stammering language . And then next , if they also ( for their parts ) laying apart g all filthinesse , and superfluitie of maliciousnesse , do reuerently , chearefully , and in the spirit of meekenesse receiue the word at thy mouth : acknowledging withall , that those thy h friendly strokes are beneficiall for them , and that thy pretious balmes will not breake their heads . For the timely accomplishment whereof , both thy selfe , and euery of them shall be sure ( from time to time ) to haue the hourely assistance i of my heartiest praiers to almightie God k in the name and mediation of Iesus Christ. In the meane time , the houre appointed for mine ordinarie studies , beginneth now to approch , and very loth I am to let slip the same , vnlesse vpon very important and vrgent occasions . Capn. And in very déed ( Sir ) the time also , and the tide it selfe for my former purposed voyage , doth draw very neare : so as I my selfe ( for the present ) must euen necessarily make hast to the l hauen , either to vnlade , or forthwith to dispose of some other designement concerning that ve●sell of mine , which alreadie is full fraught for some forreine aduenture ; and therefore must euen now craue leaue for my present departure . Hydr. With all my heart : beseeching the eternall God m to giue thee fauour with forreine nations , and to make thy iourney exceeding prosperous to thee . Capn. I n thanke my God in Iesus Christ , for this your godly care for the good so my soule : and I humbly beséech the Father of mercies to assist you from time to time , with his holy Spirit of wisedome , for the publike good of our Church and countrey . And euen so I most heartily take my leaue for the present . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Psal. 119.168 . If in this my present Discourse , I do haply faile of any such delectable speech or eloquence as might giue good contentment to the Ciceronian and delicate eares , I pray you pardon mine imperfections that way . For how should I possibly deliuer any daintie discourse of so noysome , so stinking and so offensiue a Subiect , as is the poysonsome sauour of filthie Tobacco fumes ? In the meane time , season your tastes , I beseech you , with this succeeding Sonet . TOBACCO TORTVRED . WHat doth the foule contagious fume and smoke Of this Tobacco ( filthie stinking weede ) But senses all , and spirits liuely choake , And through y e members strange infection breede ? The moysture naturall it doth consume , Wherein the treasure of the life is laid : Which being lost , and wasted by this fume , Thou then ( of something ) art iust nothing made . Thou then ( of something ) art iust nothing made , Thy wasted body straight is turn'd to dust : And ( dire contagion through thy limmes conuai'd ) Thy life to wracke and ruine , run needs must . If thou desire to know , and cause demand Why such strange monstrous maladies are rife ? The cause is plaine , and reason is at hand ; Men like and loue this smokie kind of life . Men like and loue this smokie kind of life , Whereby doth vanish into aire most thinne , The vigour of the mind , and bodies chiefe Strength ; force and power also of life and limme . This is the wel-spring of diseases all , The tree which direfull death doth yeeld for fruite : Whereby their loathsome limbes do quickly fall , And run to ruine , clad in wofull suite . This is the mortall foe which doth assaile The members vigour , and the bodies power : A Tyrant which most cruelly doth hale The vitall breath ( hearts handmaid ) from her bower . This is a Traitour , and doth treason warke ; Braine cleare and bright , with smokie mists polluting : And with his colour blacke , obscure and darke , Throughout the body euery part imbruing . And ( that it might more easily effect The dire perdition of the heart and head , The body with contagious rotte infect , And through the members deadly poyson spread : ) A Conduite pipe deuised is by Art , Whereby the smokie aire might haue a way . Through the whole body , and through euery part , The dire destroying venime to conuay . And when the direfull venime is conua'id Through all the body , and through euery part , Then fainting life withall , doth quickly fade , Strength quite consum'd , and vigour of the heart . Let him therefore eschue pernicious draught Of filthie , loathsome , vile infectious fume , That doth desire strength fresh , or hath a thought To keepe his bodie sound and limbes in tune . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . If neither m● former Prose may perswade , nor my present méeter make glad your mal-contented minds , I pray you then make your selues some sport about the reading of my subsequent riddle , vntill my next arriuall . Reade me a riddle , What is that , That is Times greatest daunter , cause of idlenesse , Tobacco . That is Old Ale-house haunter , friend to drunkennesse , Tobacco . That is Vile bewitching weede , healths huge consumer , Tobacco . That is Wits most wofull speede , breaths foule perfumer , Tobacco . That is Intrails foule blacknesse , bodies braue dier , Tobacco . That is Dame Natures slacknesse , quenching her fier , Tobacco . That is Wiues , childs dysaster , Tenants contrition , Tobacco . That is Wealths wofull waster , countries perdition , Tobacco . That is Offence to manie , bringing good to none , Tobacco . That is Not lou'd of any , vntill it be gone . Tobacco . Ioca , seriáque . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Certaine faults escaped in the printing , which are to be corrected as followeth . Pag. 11. l. 32. reade either . p. 38. l. 1. reade , make good . p. 55. l. 25. put out one of the words healths . p. 61. l. 4. reade sharpsighted . p. 66. l. 10. reade manuary . p. 74. l. 7. reade lip . p. 87. l. 5. reade , shoomaker . p. 92. lin . 31. reade drudges . p. 116 l. 23. reade respected . p. 137 l. 26. reade Fie , fie p. 149. l. 16. reade I assure thee . p. ●62 l. 25. reade life . p. 184. l. 14. reade shipfuls . p. 186. l. 33. reade maturely . p. 187. l. 36. reade swilling . p. 192. reade and with . Typographi Encomium . Fieldus opus pressit ; mendâ vacat iste Libellus : Non nisi correctas imprimit ille notas . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A19997-e140 a 1 Cor. 14.31 . b Wisd. 11.17 . c Eccles. 3.11 . d In a Treatise of household gouernment couertly conuayed from me , and set ●orth in the name o● R. C. e Math. 11.19 . f Ier. 18.18 . Notes for div A19997-e630 a Bonum quo communius , e● meliu● . b Res. rationis expers est ipsa improbitas . c Psal. 120.4 . d 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Notes for div A19997-e1880 g Rom. 7.25 . h Iam. 1.14 . i Gen. 3.1 . Wisd. 1.24 . 2 Cor. 11.3 . k Gen. 3.1 . 1 Tim. 2.14 . l Gen. 3.6 . m Gen. 1.27 . Eph. 4.24 . n Gen. 3.4.5.6 . o Gen. 3.1.4.5 p 1 King. 11.1.2.3 4.5.6.7.8 . q Eccle. 13.1 . r Ier. 51.8.9 . Reue. 14.8.9 . and 18.3.4 . s 2. Cor. 2.16 . t 2. Cor. 2.14.15 . u Esa. 3.16 . x 1. Cor. 15.33 Iere. 44.16.17 . y Psal. 106.34 35. z 1. Thes. 5 22. a Reuel ▪ 18.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19 . b 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Haec Hel●na pro qua digladiabantur . vide Iliad . 3. c Plat. in Gorg d Arist. in Meter . lib. 4. ●ap . 1. e Arist. in Meter . lib. 4. cap. 1. f Hebr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , id est , fumanit , infumauit , fumu● emisit . Graec. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . id est , fumus , ex furuo colore sic dictus . g Gene. 15.17 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Et ecce fumantem furnum . Exod. 19.18 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Et ascendebat fumus eius . i Iosh. 8.20 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Et ascenderet fumus ciuitatis . k Psal. 74.1 . and 75.5 . and 104.5 . and 144.5 . l Ouid. Meta. m Virg. Aeneid . 2. n Cic. in Pisonem . o 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cognationem habet cum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . i. aurae , vapor . p Gen. 2.6 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . p Gen. 2.6 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . q Iob. 36.27 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . ad vaporem cius . r Iohan. Velcurio . in Cōment . lib. 3. cap. 5. s Ouid. Metamor lib. 1. t Colum. lib. 5. cap. 10. u Virg. Aeneid . lib. 5. x 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ex . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cognationem habet cum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 y 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . z 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . b Plin. lib. 31. cap. 3. c Cicer. 1. Tuscul. d Arist. Mete . lib. 4. cap. 1. e 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . f Empedocles . g Quintilian . h Aulus Gellius . i 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . fuligo . k Exod. 30.1.39 . Numb . 4.16 . ●sal . 66.15 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . odor . m Cant. 2.13 . and 4.10 . Ier. 48.11 . n Ga●lica . o Italica . p Germanica . q Hispanica . r Virg. 12. Aeneid . s Mar. lib. 1. t Arist. Mete . lib. 4. cap. 1. u Galen . in libro Simplic . The first argument . x Arìst . Me●● . lib. 4. cap. 1. y Arist. in Meteor . lib. 4. cap. 1. The second argument . z Ioh Velcurio in vniuersam Arist. Physic. lib. 2. cap. 14. a Ioh. Velcurio in vniuersam Arist. Physic. lib. 2. cap. 14. b Hippocra . in libro Aphoris . lib. 5. Aphoris . 62. Galen . in libro detemperam . c Arist. Mete . lib. 4. cap. 1. c Ioh. Velcurio in vniuersam Arist. Physic. Lib. 2. cap. 22. d Phil. 3.19 . The third argument . e Arist Mete . lib. 4. cap. 9. f 1 Kin. 22.23 . ●4 . The fourth argument . g Vnicuique in sua arte perito , credendum est . h Gesnerus , ad Ioh. Functium Epist. vltima . i Pro. 29.9 . k Esdr. 4.41 . A recapitulation of the whole . Notes for div A19997-e17090 l 2 Pet. 1.19 . m Eccles. 107 n Hag. 1.6 . o Pro. 22.1 . Eccles. 7.2 . p 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . q Nocet emp●adolore , voluptas . r Gen. 6.5 . Iam. 4.5 . s Deut. 23.15 . t Psal. 78.18 . and 106.14 . 1 Cor. 10.6 . u Iam. 4.3 . x Psal. 78.29 . y Psal. 78.30 . z Rom. 1.24 . a Wisd. 11. ●3 . b Psal. 128.2 . c Psal. 128.1 . d Mat. 3.9 . e Pro. 10.22 . f Iob. 20.15 . g Ecclus. 19.1 . h Psal. 128.1.2 i Deut. 28.3.4.5 . k Psal. 128.1.2 . l Deut. 28.16.17.18 . Malac. 3.9 . m Pro. 23.21 . Hag. 1.5.6 . n Pro. 3.33 . 1 King 17.14.16 . o Hag. 1.5 . p Deut. 28.38 . Mich. 6.15 . Hag. 1.6.9 . q Ioel. 1.4 . r Iob. 27.3 . Psal. 146.4 . Isa. 2.22 . s Psal. 94.1 . t Deut. 32.21 . u Deut. 28.28 . x Deut. 28.29 . y Gen. 15.16 . z Diogenes . a 1 Sam. 25.22 1 King. 21.21 . The same or the like complaint may also be taken vp against adul●erous husbands . b Mal. 2.14.15 . c Gen. 30.3 . d Mal. 2.15 . e Gen. 30.11 . f Psal. 127.5 . g Psal. 127.5 . h Exod. 4.25 . i 1 Tim. 5.8 . k Luke . 10.41 . l 1 Tim. 5.8 . m Mich. 2.1 . n Mich. 2.4 . o Mich. 2.4.5 . p Iob. 5.3.4.5 . q Iob. 5.6 . r Pro. 1.32 . s Pro. 1.31 . t Pro. 6.11 . u Isay. 3.15 . x Isay. 3.15 . y Am. 8.4 . z Am. 8.4 . a Am. 5.12 . b Am. 8.4 . c Hab. 2.8 . d Am. 8.8 . e Isa. 59.5 . f Isa. 59.4 . g Isa. 5.18 . h Luk. 16 . 13● i In nomine Domini incipit omne malum . k Ierem. 4.22 . l Exod. 10.13.14 . m Crobyll ●ugum . n Psal. 127.2 . o Pro. 6.6.7.8 . and 30.25 . p Iudg. 14.14 . Ecclus. 11.3 . q Isa. 7.18 . r Psal. 118.12 . s Deut. 1.44 . t Psal. 109.10 . u Math. 23.4 . Luke 10.46 . Act. 15.10 . x Rom. 16.27 . y Deut. 34.9 . z Rom. 13.4 . a 1 King. 1.34 , 39. b Ioh. 8.44 . c Gen. 49.3 . d Ann. 4. Henry 7.29 . Ann. 7 Henry 8. i. ann . Dom. 1515. An. 20. Henry 8.22 . An. 27. Henry 8.22 . Ann. 5. Elizabeth , 2. Ann. Dom. 1569. Ann. 27. Elizabeth , 1.10 . Ann. 31 Elizabeth , 5. Ann. Iaco. 1.1 . e Isa. 3.15 . f Math. 26.52 . g Rom. 13.4 . Reuel . 13.10 . h See Pultons Abridgment of penall statutes : against riots , routs , & vnlawfull assemblies . i See the statute , primo Mar. 12. And the statute primo Elizabethae , 17. k See the statute primo Mar. 12. And the statute primo Elizabethae 17. l See the statute , primo Mar. 12. And the statute primo Elizabethae , 17. m See Pulton in the title of Riots &c. sect . 5. n The forme of the Proclamation . See Pulton . o 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Psal. 17.9 . p Ionah . 4.11 . q Pro. 17.15 . and 24.24 . Isa. 5.20.23 . r Wisd. 6.3 . Rom. 13.2.3 . Tit. 3.1 . 2 Pet. 2.13 . f Ier. 44.17 . t Videre licet , gustare non licet . u Pro. 14.28 . x 1 Cor. 3 6.7 . y 2. Cor. 11.19 . z 2 King. 9.20 . a P●il . 9.19 . b Isa. 5.8 . c Isa. 33.1 . Mich. 2.1.2.3.4 . d 1 Kin. 21.21 . e Isa. 3.15 . f Gen. 13.2.5.6 . and 24.35 . and 26.14 . and 29.6 . and 30.31.32 1 Sam. 17.15 . Psal. 78.70.71 . g Gen. 24..35 . Ps. 144 ▪ 13.14 . h Policrat . de nugis Curialium . lib. 6. cap. 24. i 1 Cor. 9.7 . k Act. 19.14.15 . l Isa. 56.10.11 m Math. 15.18.19 . n Isa. 56.11 . o Act. 19 29. p Act. 19.28 . q Gen. 34.13 . r Mat. 11.19 . Hos. 4.9 . t Hos. 4.8.9 . u Gen. 24.50 . x Gen. 3.23 . y Deut. 28.13 . Psal. 45.7 . Ecclus. 38.25 . &c. z Math. 6.29 . a Psal. 45.9.13.14 . b Math. 11.8 . c Ioh. 19.23 . d Phil. 2.11.12 . 1 Tim. 6.8.9 . e Iam. 4.3 . f 2 King. 5.3 . g See Pultons Abridgment in the statute of corne ●●d graine See the statute of 1. & 2. Phil. & Mar. Also the statute of 5. Elizab. 5.27 . h See Pultons Abridgment ibid. 3.4 . Item ibidem , in the title of corne and graine . 3.4 . i See Pulton , in the statute against forestallers , &c. See the statute of 5. Edw. 6.14 . See 5. Eliz. 5. Item : 27. Eliz. 11. k See Pultons Abridgment in the title of Farmers . 2. Item , ibid. in the title of corne , 10. l See the Canons against resorting to Alehouses . m See Pulton in the title of labourers , sect . 2.3.13 . Also in the title of poore people . sect 22. n See Pulton in the title of vagabonds , 1.2 . &c. o Ibedem 11. p Ibidem 10. q See Pulton , in the title , Alehouses . sect . 2. r Ibidem sect . 1. s Act. 9.18 . t The Hebrewes haue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as in Gen. 14.14 . Ios. 22.16.29 . Ezech. 2.3 . Dan. 9.5 . u Cognationē habet cum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 & cum . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 x 2 Sam. 2.26 . y The Grecians haue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 z The French haue rebeller , se reuanger . a The Italians haue rebellare , resorgere . b The Latines haue repugnare . c Hebrew , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Grec . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gal. Guerroyeur , homme de guerre . Ital. Combattitore , guerrieur . Lat. Bellator . d Hebr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Grec . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gal. Caeluy qui rebelle . Ital. Rubello . Hisp. E●que rebela . Lat. Rebellator . Hebr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Grec . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gal. Caeluy qui rebelle . Ital. Rubello . Hisp. E●que rebela . Lat. Rebellator . e Iudg. 9.14.15 . f Cicero . Bellare cum Dij , id est , naturae repugnare ? Nā vbi maioritas , ibi mandan●● authoritas , vbi minoritas , ibi obediendi necessitas . g Psal. 85.10 . h Rom 13.1.2.3.4.5 . i 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Rom. 13.2 . k Act. 7.51 . l Rom. 6.13 . m 2 Sam. 15.4.5 . n 2 Sam. 16.6 . o Gen. 4.10 . p Gen. 9.6 . q Gen. 9.5 . r Gen. 9.6 . Matth. 26.52 . Reuel . 13.10 . s Gen. 1.27 . and 9.6 . Eph. 4.24 . t Gen. 1.26.28 u Psal. 8.6.7.8 x Gen. 3.16 . &c. 1.22 . 1 Cor. 14.34 . y Gen. 4.7 . z 1 Cor. 14.33 ▪ a 1 Cor. 14. ●0 . b Gen. 8.2.13 . c Gen. 9.1 . d Gen. 1.28 . e Gen. 9.2 . f Gen. 10.8.9 . g Gen. 9.5 . h Gen. 9.6 . i Ioh. Caluine in Gen. 9.6 . k Rom. 13.4 . l 1 Sam. 3.18 . m Gen. 9.6 . n Gen. 9.6 . o Gen. 9 6. p Iohan. Cal●inus , in Gen. 9.6 . q Gen. 1.26 . r Tremelius in Gen. 9.6 . Petrus Martyrus in Gen. 9.6 . s 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 t Gen. 2.7 . 1 Cor. 15.45 . u Gen. 1.26 . Eph. 4.24 Col. 3.10 . x Gen 1.26 . and 9 2. Psal. 8.5.6.7 . y Gen. 3.16 . and 4.7 . Wisd. 4.7 . and 9 6. 1 Cor. 11.7 . z 1 Cor. 11.7 See Caluin . ●hera . a 2 Pet. 1.19 . b Gen. 2.7 . 1 Cor. 15.45 . c Gen. 1.26 . and 5.1 . Ephes. 4.24 . Col. 3.10 . d 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 e Gen. 1.1 . f Gen. 1.1 . and 5.1 . g Gen. 1.11 . and 2.18 . h Psal. 51.12 . i Psal. 135.6 . k Rom. 4.17 . l 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 m Iere. 6.29 . n Psal. 26.2 . and 66.10 . Isa. 48.10 . o Isa. 43.7 . p 1 Cor. 15.22 . q 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 r Gen. 4 9. and 5.1 . Isa. 41.4 . s Gen. 1.11 . t Gen. 14.5 . Ezech. 28.4 . u Gen. 18.7 . x Psal. 115.3 . y Exod. 10.25 . Leuit. 16.9 . z Deut. 32.6 . 1 Sam. 12.6 . a Gen. 9.6 . b Gen. 9.5 . c Gen. 9.6 . Rom. 13.4 . d Ioh. 14.16.17 . e Rom 16.27 . f Isa. 43.7 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 g See Tremelius in Isa 43.7 . h Pro. 16.4 . i Eph. 1.5 . k Rom. 8.30 . l 1 Sam. 12.6 . m Deut. 32.6.15 . 1 Sam. 12.6 . n See R. D. Kimbi , in 1. Sam. 12.6 . See Tremelius in Deut. 32.6.15 . and 1. Sam. 12.6 . Isa. 43.7 . Isa. 46.4 . o Deut. 30.6.15 . 1 Sam. 12.6 . Isa. 43.7 . and 46.4 . p Gen. 9.6 . q Esdr. 4.41 . r Math. 26.51 . Reuel . 13.10 . s See Caluine in Mat. 26.10 . t 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 accipientes . u See Theod. Beza in Mat. 26.52 . x 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . y Exod. 20.7 . Deut. 5.11 . Psal. 50.16 . z Gen. 9.6 . a Psal. 55.21 . b Psal. 52.2 . c Psal. 55.20 . d Psal. 52.3 . e Psal. 140.3 . Rom. 3.13 . f Psal. 140.3 . g Rom. 3.13 . h Psal. 64.3 . i Ier. 18.18 . k Psal. 140.1.2 . l Psal. 120.2 . m Psal. 52.2 . n Psal. 21.12 . o Psal. 120.3 . p Iudg. 5.31 . q Gen. 4.10.11 r Math. 18.7 . s Qui occasionem damni dat : damnum dedisse videtur . s Sir Henrie Fowkes Knight . t Psal. 51.14 . u Gen. 4.14 . Heb. 12.24 . x Gen. 4.14 . Pro. 17.11 . Isa. 19.4 . Ier. 50.41.42 . y Marc. 8.36 . Luke . 9.25 . z Qui occasionem damni dat , damnum dedisse videtur . a Psal. 51.12.13 . b Luc. 22.32 . Ioh. 1.40.41.45 . 1 Tim. 1.15.16 c Pro. 11.30 . d Iam. 5.20 . e Ier. 18.18 . f Ier. 20 8. g Ier. 20.10 . h Psal. 41.9 . Ier. 20.10 . i 1 Pet. 3.14 . k Isa. 50.6 . l 2. King. 18.22 m 2 Sam. 16.11.12 . n 1 Sam. 25.28 . 1 Cor. 10.4 . o Luc. 14.31 . p Luc. 14.32 . q Act. 21.13 . r Iam. 4.3 . s Act. 21.14 . u Psal. 107.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31 . x Hosh. 6.4 . y Psal. 106.21 z Mat. 16.28 . Marc. 8.36 . Luc. 9.25 . a Mat. 18.7 . b Psal. 62.2 . Isa. 7.20 . c 1 Macab . 3.41 . d Amos. 8.6 Reuel . 18.13 . e 1 Kin. 22 49. 2 Chron 20.37 f 2 Chro. 2.8 . and 8.18 . g Reuel . 18.13 . h Sopho●les in Antigone . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Fumi vmbra . i Lucianus . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sacrum sine fumo . k Martialis , Vend●e fumos . l Psal. 59.14.15 . Isa. 56.11 . m Vespasianus , Lucribonus est odor ex re qualibet . n Ennius , Vnde habeat curat nemo , sed oportet habere . o Auri sacra fames . p Zenodorus , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Mendicantium sacculi , semper inanes . q Martialis dignus vt fumo pereat , qui fumos vendidit r Lucianus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 F●mum fugiens , in flāmam incidi . s 1 Cor. 10.32 . t 1 Thess. 5 . 2● u Psal. 128.1.2 . &c. x Rom. 13.4 . y 1 Tim. 2.1.2 . z Gen. 15.16 . a Rom. 12 18. Heb. 12.14 . b Ier. 13.23 . c Iere. 4.22 . d Amos. 4.6 . e Isa. 24.5 . f Isa. 24.9 . g Lam. 5.4 . h Isa. 5.12 . i Ezech. 12.18 k Ezech. 5.16 . l Ezech. 4.9.10.11.12 . m Ioel. 1.5 . n Deut. 28 . 5● o Gen. 26.12 . p Ioel. 2.23 . q Ioel. 2.25 . r Ioel. 3.24 . s Hosh. 2.21.22 . t Psal. 65.13 . u Psal. 67.6 . x Pro. 1.7 . y Pro. 1.22.23 . Ier. 7.23 . z Isa. 5.4 . Mich. 6.34 . a Pr● . 1.27 . b Ierem. 7.24 . c Eph. 2.2 . d Eph. 4.18.19 e Rom. 1.28 . f 2 Thess. 2.10.11.12 . g 2 Thess. 1.7.8.9.10 . h 1 Cor. 13.7 . i 1 Cor. 10.12 . k Act. 17.30 . l Rom. 8.29.30 Eph. 1.9.13 . m Eph. 1.4 . 2 Tim. 1.9 . o 1 Pet. 1.20 . p 1 Pet. 2.1.2 . q Psal. 58.45 . r Isa. 1.19 . s Ezech. 33.30 . ●1 . 32 . t Habak . 1.5 . Act. 13.41 . u Mat. 15.26 . x Math. 7.6 . y Ier. 20.7.8 . Math. 7.6 . z Pro. 26.11 . 2 Pet. 2.22 . a Reuel . 22.11 . b Reuel . 22.14.15 . c Isa. 55.10 . d Isa. 13.1 . e Rom. 1.16 . f 2 Cor. 2.15.16 . g Ezech. 2.5 . and 33.33 . h Isa. 28.9.10.11 . g Iam. 1.20.21 h Psal. 141.5 . i Eph. 1.16.17 . k Ioh. 15.7.16 . l Psal. 107.30 . m Est. 2.15 . Iudith . 10.8 . n Rom. 1.8 .