subject-slavery-freebo


Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-25 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 11 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 671,644 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 61,058 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

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histogram of sizes
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box plot of sizes

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 93. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

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histogram of readability
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box plot of readability

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

xml, id, lemma, reg, pos, pc, acp, sentence, unit, sp, speaker, vvi, pns, av, vvb, will, pn, us, cs, one, great, well, cc, po, pno, made, type, may, contract, make, nn, man, vmb, ab, shall, men, vvz, much, god, time, slaves, good, vvn, many, must, now, indians, know, spaniards, join

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Oroonoko a tragedy, as it is acted at the Theatre-Royal by His Majesty''s servants / written by Tho. Southerne., The history of Algiers and it''s slavery with many remarkable particularities of Africk / written by the Sieur Emanuel D''Aranda, sometime a slave there ; English''d by John Davies ..., and An account of the first voyages and discoveries made by the Spaniards in America containing the most exact relation hitherto publish''d, of their unparallel''d cruelties on the Indians, in the destruction of above forty millions of people : with the propositions offer''d to the King of Spain to prevent the further ruin of the West-Indies / by Don Bartholomew de las Casas, Bishop of Chiapa, who was an eye-witness of their cruelties ; illustrated with cuts ; to which is added, The art of travelling, shewing how a man may dispose his travels to the best advantage..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

pc xml, pos acp, sentence xml, pc unit, unit sentence, vvi reg, pos vvi, pos pns, pns reg, pos vvb, vvb reg, pos av, pn reg, pos pn, cs reg, av reg, speaker xml, sp xml, sp sp, cc reg, po reg, pos po, pos pno, pno reg, pos vmb, type contract, nn reg, pos cc, ab reg, vvz reg, pos vvz, vmb reg, pos vvn, vvn reg, pos cs, lemma will, pos crq, will pos, pos uh, pos vvd, vvd reg, join left, contract lemma, rendition hi, pos vmd, vmd reg, xx reg, pos xx, stage xml, pos vvg

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are Oroonoko a tragedy, as it is acted at the Theatre-Royal by His Majesty''s servants / written by Tho. Southerne. An account of the first voyages and discoveries made by the Spaniards in America containing the most exact relation hitherto publish''d, of their unparallel''d cruelties on the Indians, in the destruction of above forty millions of people : with the propositions offer''d to the King of Spain to prevent the further ruin of the West-Indies / by Don Bartholomew de las Casas, Bishop of Chiapa, who was an eye-witness of their cruelties ; illustrated with cuts ; to which is added, The art of travelling, shewing how a man may dispose his travels to the best advantage., and Friendly advice to the gentlemen-planters of the East and West Indies In three parts. I. A brief treatise of the most principal fruits and herbs that grow in the East & West Indies; giving an account of their respective vertues both for food and physick, and what planet and sign they are under. Together with some directions for the preservation of health and life in those hot climates. II. The complaints of the negro-slaves against the hard usages and barbarous cruelties inflicted upon them. III. A discourse in way of dialogue, between an Ethiopean or negro-slave, and a Christian that was his master in America. By Philotheos Physiologus..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

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unigrams
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bigrams

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

world, tcp, religion, people, men, king, god, sea, man, lord, country, slaves, prince, patron, negroes, majesty, life, law, gallies, english, day, city, christians, christian, captain, xml, unit="sentence, type="contract2, type="contract1">''t
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keywords

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be xml, and The Revival, or, Directions for a sculpture describing the extraordinary care and diligence of our nation in publishing the faith among infidels in America and elsewhere compared with other both primitive and modern professors of Christianity. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

  1. xml - Oroonoko a tragedy, as it is acted at the Theatre-Royal by His Majesty''s servants / written by Tho. Southerne.
  2. em - An account of the first voyages and discoveries made by the Spaniards in America containing the most exact relation hitherto publish''d, of their unparallel''d cruelties on the Indians, in the destruction of above forty millions of people : with the propositions offer''d to the King of Spain to prevent the further ruin of the West-Indies / by Don Bartholomew de las Casas, Bishop of Chiapa, who was an eye-witness of their cruelties ; illustrated with cuts ; to which is added, The art of travelling, shewing how a man may dispose his travels to the best advantage.
  3. luc - The Revival, or, Directions for a sculpture describing the extraordinary care and diligence of our nation in publishing the faith among infidels in America and elsewhere compared with other both primitive and modern professors of Christianity.

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

  1. xml, a60965, id - Oroonoko a tragedy, as it is acted at the Theatre-Royal by His Majesty''s servants / written by Tho. Southerne.
  2. em, great, indians - An account of the first voyages and discoveries made by the Spaniards in America containing the most exact relation hitherto publish''d, of their unparallel''d cruelties on the Indians, in the destruction of above forty millions of people : with the propositions offer''d to the King of Spain to prevent the further ruin of the West-Indies / by Don Bartholomew de las Casas, Bishop of Chiapa, who was an eye-witness of their cruelties ; illustrated with cuts ; to which is added, The art of travelling, shewing how a man may dispose his travels to the best advantage.
  3. god, nature, good - Friendly advice to the gentlemen-planters of the East and West Indies In three parts. I. A brief treatise of the most principal fruits and herbs that grow in the East & West Indies; giving an account of their respective vertues both for food and physick, and what planet and sign they are under. Together with some directions for the preservation of health and life in those hot climates. II. The complaints of the negro-slaves against the hard usages and barbarous cruelties inflicted upon them. III. A discourse in way of dialogue, between an Ethiopean or negro-slave, and a Christian that was his master in America. By Philotheos Physiologus.
  4. god, shall, unto - The Revival, or, Directions for a sculpture describing the extraordinary care and diligence of our nation in publishing the faith among infidels in America and elsewhere compared with other both primitive and modern professors of Christianity.
  5. diligence, opposite, philip - The Revival, or, Directions for a sculpture describing the extraordinary care and diligence of our nation in publishing the faith among infidels in America and elsewhere compared with other both primitive and modern professors of Christianity.

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

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topic model

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

xml, pc, p, l, unit="sentence, pos="n1, pos="vvi, cs, pos="n2, time, people, slaves, man, t, day, men, country, way, x, others, things, nothing, place, pos="po, thing, id="a60965, >, stage, cc, work, self, reason, manner, part, av, slave, reg="oro, rest, join="right">[

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

was, be, is, had, have, were, are, lemma="i, pos="pns, being, made, do, been, make, came, having, said, did, put, give, has, come, take, went, sent, go, brought, see, set, lemma="your, gave, taken, took, found, done, know, lemma="well, given, say, got, told, let, get, thought, carried, knew, pos="av_j, according, heard, left

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nouns
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verbs

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

id="a60965, w, pos="acp, xml, pc, pos="vvb, pos="pn, unit="sentence, pos="j, reg="i, lemma="you, sp, speaker, lemma="be, pos="pno, pos="d, reg="you, reg="to, pos="vmb, pos="cc, pos="vvi, lemma="the, reg="the, pos="n, god, pos="po, pos="vvz, lemma="and, pos="av, pos="vvn, indians, spaniards, lemma="a, /p, reg="and, lemma="of, reg="a, reg="of, lemma="have, pos="crq, lemma="will, type="contract2, lemma="he, king, lemma="it, christians, pos="pns, lemma="she, lemma="in, reg="in

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

they, he, his, their, it, i, we, him, our, them, ''em, us, you, your, my, her, me, themselves, she, himself, its, em, thy, one, thee, lemma="throw, ours, us''d, theirs, yours, herself, shou''d, dy''d, mine, lemma="breast, ye, l, beg''d, w, ty, thou, there, tallowes, scandaliz''d, rhey, reg="himself, receiv''d, ourselves, obey''d, march''d

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

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proper nouns
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pronouns

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

pos="n1, great, other, many, such, good, pos="av, own, more, same, little, poor, reg="me, much, reg="be, pos="n1-nn, reg="for, first, reg="her, pos="cs, new, true, pos="uh_mi, whole, most, pos="pns, least, old, certain, several, best, greatest, greater, better, able, reg="we, cruel, last, small, young, ready, next, long, reg="us, common, like, full, christian, hard, very

not, so, very, as, then, up, more, most, well, out, now, there, only, much, also, therefore, yet, never, away, together, thus, down, here, too, in, even, off, ever, still, long, far, first, about, soon, rather, all, over, again, before, no, once, often, sometimes, onely, just, almost, immediately, especially, enough, afterwards

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adjectives
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adverbs

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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