Salus populi suprema lex, or, The free thoughts of a well-wisher for a good settlement in a letter to a friend.
      
       
         
           1689
        
      
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             Salus populi suprema lex, or, The free thoughts of a well-wisher for a good settlement in a letter to a friend.
             Stewart, James, Sir, 1635-1713.
          
           8 p.
           
             s.n.],
             [Edinburgh :
             1689.
          
           
             Added on t.p. of microfilm copy: By Iames Stewart.
             Not to be confused with the work by Clement Barksdale appended to his Aurea dicta, 1681.
             Place of publication from Wing.
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Scotland -- Politics and government -- 1689-1745.
        
      
    
     
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           SALUS
           POPULI
           SUPREMA
           LEX
           ,
           OR
           ,
           The
           Free
           THOUGHTS
           of
           a
           Well-Wisher
           ,
           For
           a
           good
           SETTLEMENT
           .
        
         
           IN
           A
           LETTER
           TO
           A
           FRIEND
           .
        
         
           
             By
             Iames
             Stewart
          
        
         
           Printed
           in
           the
           Year
           1689.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           SALUS
           POPULI
           SUPREMA
           LEX
           ,
           OR
           ,
           The
           Free
           Thoughts
           of
           a
           Well-wisher
           ,
           for
           a
           good
           Settlement
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             Sir
             ,
          
        
         
           THe
           settling
           of
           our
           Government
           ,
           in
           this
           extraordinary
           meeting
           of
           the
           Estates
           ,
           is
           a
           matter
           of
           that
           importance
           ;
           that
           I
           cannot
           but
           wish
           I
           were
           as
           able
           to
           assist
           in
           it
           ,
           as
           I
           am
           perswaded
           it
           is
           the
           duty
           of
           every
           man
           to
           contribute
           his
           best
           endeavours
           :
           And
           seing
           it
           is
           like
           to
           be
           the
           grand
           Question
           ,
           
             Whether
             we
             should
             call
             back
             the
             present
             King
             ,
             or
             ,
             at
             least
             ,
             in
             his
             absence
             resolve
             on
             such
             a
             Regency
             ,
             as
             may
             consist
             with
             the
             continuance
             of
             his
             Right
             ;
             or
             rather
             plainly
             declare
             the
             Thron
             to
             be
             vacant
             ,
             and
             supply
             it
             after
             Englands
             Example
             .
          
           You
           shall
           have
           my
           Opinion
           as
           free
           from
           passion
           ,
           as
           from
           particular
           intrest
           ,
           which
           I
           think
           is
           as
           little
           as
           any
           mans
           can
           be
           .
        
         
           I
           therefore
           humbly
           Conceive
           ,
           that
           the
           Estates
           may
           ,
           and
           ought
           ,
           to
           declare
           the
           Thron
           to
           be
           vacant
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           supply
           it
           ,
           by
           setting
           up
           the
           Prince
           and
           Princess
           of
           Orange
           ,
           after
           the
           example
           of
           England
           without
           variation
           .
        
         
           And
           my
           reason
           is
           one
           ,
           and
           most
           evident
           ,
           and
           demonstrative
           ,
           viz.
           Because
           the
           Thron
           is
           
             de
             facto
             vacant
          
           ,
           as
           being
           deserted
           ,
           and
           that
           God
           from
           Heaven
           ,
           presents
           to
           us
           ,
           and
           the
           Highest
           Necessity
           determines
           us
           ,
           to
           embrace
           their
           Highnessess
           as
           the
           only
           Persons
           that
           can
           ,
           and
           ought
           possess
           it
           .
           I
           know
           it
           was
           the
           method
           of
           England
           ,
           first
           to
           take
           notice
           of
           the
           King's
           malversations
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           ,
           and
           upon
           his
           deserting
           .
           to
           find
           that
           he
           had
           Abdicat
           ,
           and
           thereby
           rendered
           the
           Thron
           Vacant
           :
           But
           ,
           tho'
           all
           good
           Men
           must
           perpetually
           regrate
           ,
           the
           King
           's
           Fatal
           Addiction
           to
           the
           Romish
           Religion
           ,
           and
           the
           Excesses
           it
           hath
           caused
           him
           to
           commit
           ,
           and
           that
           now
           undoubtedly
           is
           the
           season
           to
           provide
           against
           these
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           Errors
           in
           the
           Government
           .
           Yet
           seing
           that
           some
           may
           be
           ready
           to
           affirm
           ,
           that
           by
           our
           late
           Laws
           we
           have
           too
           amply
           impowered
           ,
           &
           by
           our
           complyance
           ,
           too
           manifestly
           encouraged
           him
           in
           these
           very
           courses
           ,
           to
           make
           these
           his
           Majesties
           charge
           :
           and
           that
           it
           is
           more
           becoming
           the
           Respect
           due
           to
           
             Soveraign
             Majesty
          
           in
           all
           events
           ,
           and
           likewayes
           more
           easie
           to
           our
           old
           and
           National
           kindness
           to
           the
           ancient
           Race
           ,
           and
           Line
           ;
           to
           forbear
           such
           direct
           and
           extraordinary
           accusations
           .
           (
           leaving
           these
           to
           others
           )
           I
           rather
           choose
           ,
           and
           fix
           upon
           the
           medium
           of
           the
           Kings
           deserting
           as
           that
           ,
           which
           in
           our
           case
           is
           yet
           more
           palpable
           and
           clear
           then
           in
           that
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           abundantly
           conclusive
           of
           all
           I
           would
           inferr
           from
           it
           .
        
         
           And
           that
           the
           King
           hath
           deserted
           the
           Thron
           ,
           and
           us
           ,
           is
           so
           apparent
           from
           that
           visible
           State
           of
           Anarchy
           ,
           under
           which
           we
           have
           Laboured
           these
           months
           by
           past
           :
           That
           certainly
           all
           Considering
           men
           ,
           in
           place
           of
           making
           it
           a
           matter
           of
           doubt
           ,
           do
           rather
           Admire
           ,
           and
           Praise
           the
           good
           Providence
           of
           the
           Almighty
           ,
           who
           hath
           so
           graciously
           kept
           our
           peace
           ,
           and
           prevented
           these
           ruining
           Mischiefs
           ,
           to
           which
           such
           a
           Lawless
           condition
           ,
           Joyned
           to
           our
           former
           intestine
           
           Distempers
           ,
           and
           Divisions
           .
           did
           exposeus
           .
           Our
           Kings
           it
           's
           true
           have
           of
           a
           long
           time
           resided
           in
           England
           ,
           Personally
           absent
           from
           us
           ,
           and
           some
           may
           say
           ,
           that
           his
           going
           to
           any
           other
           of
           his
           Dominions
           ought
           not
           to
           alter
           the
           case
           :
           But
           the
           Desertion
           we
           speak
           of
           ,
           being
           not
           a
           simple
           non-residence
           ,
           and
           personal
           absence
           ,
           but
           a
           manifest
           abandoning
           ,
           leaving
           us
           far
           more
           negligently
           ,
           then
           he
           did
           England
           ,
           without
           all
           Cause
           ,
           Care
           ,
           or
           Concernment
           ;
           cannot
           be
           covered
           with
           this
           Pretence
           .
           If
           upon
           that
           great
           ,
           and
           sudden
           pressure
           in
           England
           ,
           that
           moved
           him
           to
           take
           such
           surprising
           measures
           ;
           it
           had
           pleased
           his
           Majesty
           ,
           to
           give
           any
           account
           of
           them
           ,
           with
           what
           orders
           he
           might
           have
           thought
           necessary
           ,
           to
           his
           Privy-Council
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           ;
           something
           might
           be
           alledged
           to
           colour
           the
           Dereliction
           :
           But
           when
           nothing
           of
           this
           Nature
           was
           done
           ,
           but
           the
           Government
           quite
           given
           up
           ,
           in
           our
           greatest
           exigence
           ,
           to
           the
           Conviction
           and
           Amazement
           of
           his
           own
           Privy
           Council
           ,
           and
           all
           his
           Officers
           ;
           who
           only
           encreased
           the
           common
           consternation
           ,
           by
           following
           their
           Master's
           example
           ,
           the
           thing
           is
           but
           too
           certain
           .
           And
           therefore
           I
           shall
           only
           sum
           up
           its
           evidence
           with
           these
           two
           remarks
           .
           First
           ,
           that
           the
           King
           's
           leaving
           us
           ,
           as
           he
           did
           ,
           in
           his
           ,
           and
           our
           then
           circumstances
           ,
           is
           so
           unaccountable
           in
           all
           other
           reasonings
           ;
           that
           it
           seems
           plainly
           to
           say
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           his
           Majestie
           's
           good
           mind
           toward
           us
           ,
           that
           we
           should
           follow
           England's
           fate
           ,
           whatever
           it
           should
           prove
           .
           And
           next
           ,
           that
           there
           appears
           so
           much
           of
           the
           Divine
           Soveraignty
           ,
           over-ruling
           the
           King
           in
           the
           course
           he
           took
           in
           his
           departure
           ;
           that
           it
           cannot
           but
           intimat
           to
           all
           Serious
           Observers
           ,
           that
           thereby
           God
           thought
           good
           ,
           to
           prepare
           the
           way
           for
           the
           happy
           choice
           ,
           that
           he
           now
           presents
           .
        
         
           If
           then
           the
           King
           hath
           deserted
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           its
           Government
           ,
           the
           Thron
           is
           necessarly
           vacant
           :
           And
           if
           the
           Thron
           be
           vacant
           ,
           nothing
           can
           hinder
           to
           Declare
           it
           to
           be
           so
           ,
           unless
           Men
           do
           prefer
           Confusion
           ,
           and
           Ruin
           to
           order
           and
           Safety
           .
        
         
           But
           because
           the
           Oaths
           of
           
             Allegiance
             ,
             and
             Test
          
           ,
           with
           other
           Engagements
           ,
           seem
           to
           many
           ,
           to
           be
           still
           binding
           ;
           I
           shall
           resume
           the
           matter
           more
           particularly
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           their
           Liberation
           and
           Relief
           .
           And
           therefore
           must
           ,
           and
           do
           affirm
           from
           the
           most
           obvious
           evidence
           of
           things
           ,
           that
           the
           Desertion
           we
           ly
           under
           is
           not
           only
           total
           ,
           and
           absolute
           ;
           but
           withall
           so
           causless
           or
           rather
           pretenceless
           ,
           beyond
           the
           case
           of
           England
           ,
           without
           the
           least
           shaddow
           of
           constraint
           ,
           or
           reason
           ;
           that
           a
           more
           notable
           and
           clear
           breach
           of
           the
           
             Fundamental
             Contract
          
           ,
           whereon
           all
           Government
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           ours
           ,
           Subsists
           ,
           can
           hardly
           be
           imagined
           .
           I
           cannot
           here
           digress
           ,
           to
           prove
           the
           Beeing
           ,
           and
           Nature
           ,
           of
           this
           fundamental
           contract
           :
           All
           Men
           of
           Sense
           ,
           do
           easily
           apprehend
           ,
           that
           Government
           is
           a
           matter
           of
           Trust
           ,
           and
           not
           of
           property
           or
           
             absolute
             Dominion
          
           ;
           and
           that
           ,
           tho'
           the
           ordinance
           in
           it self
           ,
           as
           also
           that
           of
           Marriage
           ,
           be
           of
           God
           ,
           yet
           the
           establishing
           of
           it
           in
           this
           or
           that
           form
           ,
           and
           upon
           this
           or
           that
           Person
           ,
           and
           Familie
           ,
           is
           ,
           after
           the
           parallel
           of
           the
           same
           Example
           ,
           of
           mans
           free
           choice
           and
           agreement
           :
           It
           being
           Impossible
           to
           Imagine
           ,
           how
           either
           the
           Hostility
           of
           conquest
           should
           terminat
           ,
           or
           the
           vain
           old
           World
           pretence
           of
           
             Paternal
             power
          
           ,
           the
           presumptive
           force
           of
           Prescription
           ,
           or
           the
           true
           and
           genuine
           vertue
           of
           a
           Surrender
           ,
           take
           place
           to
           introduce
           Government
           ,
           without
           the
           supposition
           of
           this
           
             mutual
             Consent
          
           ,
           and
           Contract
           ,
           either
           implyed
           ,
           or
           expressed
           .
           And
           thus
           indeed
           ,
           it
           is
           ,
           and
           no
           other
           wayes
           ,
           that
           the
           Powers
           which
           in
           the
           first
           Sense
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Abstract
           are
           by
           the
           Apostle
           Paul
           truely
           said
           ,
           
             to
             be
             of
             God
          
           ;
           are
           yet
           in
           the
           second
           Sence
           ,
           and
           
             in
             the
             Concret
          
           ,
           Justly
           called
           ,
           by
           the
           Apostle
           
             Peter
             ,
             the
             Ordinances
             of
             Man.
          
           We
           have
           too
           long
           been
           inured
           ,
           by
           Men
           of
           Corrupt
           Designs
           ,
           and
           practices
           ,
           to
           a
           certain
           false
           Cant
           ,
           
             that
             the
             King
             holds
             his
             Crown
             immediatly
             from
             God
             Almighty
             alone
             .
          
           But
           now
           ,
           Blessed
           be
           God
           ,
           all
           Men
           not
           wilfully
           blind
           ,
           do
           see
           ,
           and
           the
           very
           Authors
           of
           this
           Language
           ,
           begin
           to
           confess
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           otherways
           ;
           and
           that
           Government
           is
           founded
           in
           Consent
           ,
           and
           truely
           and
           only
           best
           bound
           by
           this
           
             Fundamental
             Contract
          
           .
           Whereof
           the
           
             Essentials
             viz.
          
           That
           a
           King
           should
           rule
           ,
           and
           Protect
           ,
           and
           the
           People
           Obey
           ,
           and
           Submit
           ,
           in
           Righteousness
           ,
           for
           the
           Glory
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           good
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           need
           no
           Record
           ,
           more
           then
           the
           Necessary
           duties
           of
           Man
           and
           Wife
           in
           the
           Contract
           of
           Marriage
           ,
           as
           being
           in
           both
           cases
           inseperable
           from
           the
           very
           Beeing
           of
           the
           Ordinances
           .
           And
           for
           the
           Naturals
           and
           Accidentals
           ,
           as
           Lawyers
           speak
           ,
           of
           this
           Contract
           of
           Government
           ,
           they
           may
           be
           seen
           ,
           and
           read
           ,
           in
           the
           perpetual
           consuetude
           ,
           and
           other
           Laws
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           are
           all
           confirmed
           
           by
           the
           mutual
           Stipulations
           ,
           Promises
           ,
           and
           Oaths
           customary
           ,
           specially
           at
           Coronations
           ,
           betwixt
           King
           and
           People
           .
        
         
           Our
           King
           then
           ,
           as
           all
           others
           ,
           being
           King
           by
           Contract
           ,
           acknowledged
           by
           his
           accepting
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           and
           requiring
           of
           us
           the
           Oaths
           of
           Allegiance
           ,
           and
           other
           engagements
           ;
           which
           express
           our
           part
           of
           the
           contract
           ,
           and
           no
           less
           necessarly
           suppose
           his
           :
           It
           is
           evident
           as
           the
           meridian
           light
           ,
           that
           if
           he
           either
           
             Renounce
             ,
             Abdicate
             ,
             or
             totaly
             Desert
             ,
          
           he
           wholly
           breaks
           his
           part
           ,
           dissolves
           the
           Contract
           ,
           and
           looses
           us
           ,
           from
           our
           part
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           promises
           ,
           Oaths
           ,
           and
           Tests
           by
           which
           we
           can
           be
           thereto
           bound
           .
           The
           compact
           of
           Marriage
           is
           certainly
           the
           most
           Divine
           ,
           and
           binding
           ,
           known
           amongst
           men
           ;
           and
           here
           God
           is
           said
           to
           joine
           ,
           and
           in
           such
           a
           manner
           ,
           that
           neither
           of
           the
           Parties
           tho
           most
           free
           Contracters
           ,
           and
           both
           consenting
           ,
           may
           separate
           without
           his
           warrand
           :
           Yet
           if
           one
           of
           the
           Parties
           ,
           specially
           the
           unbelieving
           ,
           depart
           the
           Apostle
           pronounces
           distinctly
           from
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Contract
           ,
           and
           Gods
           mind
           in
           its
           institution
           ,
           
             let
             him
             depart
             the
             other
             partie
             is
             not
             in
             Bondage
             in
             such
             a
             case
             ,
          
           either
           to
           his
           conjugal
           promise
           ,
           or
           to
           any
           other
           Supervenient
           Oath
           ,
           that
           may
           have
           interveened
           ;
           But
           is
           as
           free
           from
           the
           Law
           of
           the
           Departer
           ,
           or
           Deserter
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           were
           naturally
           Dead
           :
           If
           then
           it
           be
           so
           in
           the
           business
           of
           Marriage
           ,
           can
           any
           Man
           hesitat
           ,
           but
           it
           must
           be
           much
           more
           so
           in
           the
           case
           of
           Government
           ;
           the
           tye
           whereof
           ,
           in
           the
           acknowlegment
           of
           all
           ,
           falls
           many
           degrees
           short
           of
           the
           formers
           obligation
           :
           But
           so
           it
           is
           that
           the
           King
           hath
           deserted
           causelesly
           ,
           totally
           ,
           and
           absolutely
           ,
           as
           hath
           been
           declared
           ,
           and
           therefore
           in
           all
           Law
           ,
           Reason
           ,
           and
           Revelation
           ,
           the
           Thron
           is
           vacant
           ,
           and
           we
           are
           loosed
           from
           his
           Law
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           supposable
           engagements
           .
        
         
           But
           you
           may
           say
           ,
           in
           the
           Apostles
           words
           ,
           to
           the
           same
           purpose
           ,
           
             But
             God
             hath
             called
             us
             to
             peace
             ,
          
           and
           therefore
           we
           ought
           neither
           to
           be
           hasty
           ,
           nor
           peremptory
           ,
           but
           seing
           we
           know
           his
           Majesties
           departure
           was
           not
           his
           free
           choice
           ,
           and
           that
           after
           this
           little
           Secession
           rather
           then
           Desertion
           ,
           he
           purposes
           to
           return
           ,
           as
           he
           hath
           signified
           by
           his
           letters
           ,
           we
           ought
           to
           wait
           for
           him
           ;
           and
           not
           so
           lightly
           throw
           off
           our
           Allegiance
           ,
           to
           which
           we
           are
           by
           Nature
           ,
           and
           Religion
           ,
           so
           strictly
           bound
           .
           I
           answer
           ,
           that
           what
           ever
           was
           the
           manner
           of
           the
           Kings
           departure
           from
           England
           ,
           yet
           ,
           as
           to
           us
           ,
           it
           was
           a
           free
           choice
           ,
           which
           hapening
           in
           such
           a
           juncture
           ,
           and
           exposing
           us
           so
           dangerously
           to
           all
           the
           miseries
           of
           a
           Dissolution
           ,
           is
           really
           Irreparable
           :
           specially
           seing
           that
           by
           the
           same
           default
           of
           his
           ,
           
             res
             non
             est
             integra
          
           .
           But
           the
           Kingdom
           being
           oblidged
           by
           the
           most
           binding
           Law
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           
             Salus
             Populi
             Suprema
             Lex
             esto
          
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           cogent
           necessity
           of
           
             self
             preservation
          
           ,
           to
           fly
           and
           betake
           it self
           to
           his
           Highness
           Heavens-sent
           Protection
           ;
           it
           is
           impossible
           for
           us
           to
           retreat
           from
           it
           ,
           without
           a
           most
           ungrate
           perfidie
           toward
           the
           Prince
           ,
           and
           Damnable
           folly
           toward
           our selves
           ,
           in
           rendring
           the
           whole
           Kingdom
           obnoxious
           to
           a
           greater
           Forfeiture
           ,
           than
           can
           be
           secured
           against
           ,
           by
           any
           offered
           Pardon
           and
           Indemnity
           ,
           in
           our
           present
           circumstances
           .
           Admitting
           then
           ,
           that
           his
           Majestie
           purposes
           to
           return
           ;
           yet
           I
           say
           he
           must
           excuse
           us
           ,
           since
           his
           offer
           is
           too
           late
           .
           But
           more
           especially
           because
           ,
           as
           all
           good
           Men
           hear
           ,
           and
           understand
           with
           regrate
           ,
           he
           makes
           the
           offer
           by
           his
           Letters
           ,
           in
           such
           a
           manner
           ,
           as
           promises
           nothing
           ,
           save
           a
           threatning
           Invasion
           of
           perfidious
           and
           cruel
           French
           and
           
             Irish
             Papists
          
           ,
           to
           destroy
           our
           Religion
           ,
           and
           make
           Britain
           a
           field
           of
           Blood
           ,
           and
           an
           utter
           Desolation
           .
           Wherefore
           I
           must
           conclude
           ,
           by
           way
           of
           Retortion
           ,
           that
           seing
           both
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           ,
           have
           loos'd
           us
           from
           our
           Allegiance
           ,
           by
           his
           Majesties
           Desertion
           ,
           as
           hath
           been
           proved
           ;
           and
           God
           ,
           as
           you
           say
           ,
           doth
           also
           call
           us
           unto
           peace
           :
           we
           should
           undoubtedly
           shew
           our selves
           ,
           the
           most
           nottorious
           contemners
           of
           this
           sweet
           and
           Heavenly
           call
           ,
           if
           after
           so
           great
           a
           deliverance
           ,
           we
           should
           again
           bring
           back
           the
           King
           ,
           with
           such
           a
           
             sevenfold
             worse
             attendance
          
           and
           thereby
           unavoidably
           render
           our
           
             Last
             Estate
          
           infinitly
           worse
           then
           our
           First
           .
        
         
           But
           you
           may
           still
           urge
           ,
           why
           so
           peremptory
           ,
           and
           severe
           ,
           you
           resisted
           ,
           and
           opposed
           King
           CHARLES
           the
           first
           ,
           with
           Arms
           ,
           and
           yet
           ,
           even
           in
           the
           hottest
           of
           the
           Warr
           ,
           when
           you
           entered
           into
           a
           League
           and
           Covenant
           for
           its
           more
           effectual
           prosecution
           ,
           you
           reserved
           his
           Majesties
           Soveraignity
           ,
           and
           just
           Rights
           .
           Why
           then
           should
           the
           Kings
           simple
           departure
           ,
           be
           now
           accounted
           worse
           ,
           to
           inferr
           a
           Dissolution
           ,
           and
           justify
           a
           Rejection
           ,
           than
           what
           was
           reckoned
           in
           his
           Father
           
           to
           be
           a
           Hostile
           Invasion
           .
           It
           's
           answered
           ,
           not
           to
           touch
           upon
           any
           invidious
           comparison
           of
           their
           Persons
           ,
           nor
           yet
           upon
           his
           Majesties
           woful
           defection
           from
           the
           true
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           whereby
           he
           hath
           too
           visibly
           brought
           on
           himself
           ,
           the
           curse
           that
           his
           Grand-father
           did
           ,
           in
           this
           case
           leave
           ,
           and
           entail
           on
           his
           posterity
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           the
           Kings
           Desertion
           doth
           inferr
           a
           Dissolution
           ,
           and
           warrand
           a
           Rejection
           ,
           albeit
           his
           Fathers
           supposed
           Invasion
           was
           not
           carried
           that
           length
           ;
           Because
           our
           warrs
           with
           the
           Father
           were
           but
           an
           incident
           unhappy
           quarrel
           ,
           amongst
           our selves
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           with
           our
           King
           ;
           wherein
           ,
           as
           it
           could
           not
           be
           said
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           Deserted
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           or
           yet
           hostilly
           invaded
           it
           ,
           by
           a
           Foraigne
           Force
           ;
           so
           we
           had
           all
           reason
           to
           reserve
           his
           Soveraignity
           and
           just
           Rights
           ,
           in
           the
           probable
           prospect
           ,
           of
           a
           good
           Composure
           ,
           and
           Peace
           .
           Whereas
           our
           present
           Kings
           Desertion
           is
           not
           only
           Causeless
           ,
           Total
           ,
           and
           Absolute
           ,
           leaving
           the
           Thron
           vacant
           ,
           to
           the
           evidence
           of
           every
           Mans
           sense
           ;
           beyond
           all
           control
           ,
           or
           excuse
           of
           reason
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           manner
           as
           if
           he
           had
           been
           removed
           by
           Death
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           just
           construction
           of
           Law
           ,
           it
           imports
           such
           a
           
             voluntary
             Dereliction
          
           ,
           as
           frees
           us
           from
           our
           former
           Allegiance
           ,
           and
           layes
           on
           us
           an
           Indispensible
           Obligation
           of
           providing
           for
           a
           
             new
             Establishment
             .
             Si
             Rex
             enim
             Imperium
             abdicavit
             ,
             aut
             manifeste
             habet
             pro.
             Derelicto
             ,
          
           says
           Grotius
           ,
           
             in
             eum
             post
             id
             tempus
             ,
             omnia
             licent
             quae
             in
             Privatum
             .
          
        
         
           Having
           thus
           cleared
           the
           Nature
           and
           Import
           of
           the
           Kings
           Desertion
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Thron
           being
           
             de
             Facto
             Derelinquished
          
           ,
           we
           are
           in
           the
           same
           manner
           loosed
           from
           the
           Law
           ,
           and
           Oaths
           of
           our
           Allegiance
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           were
           Naturally
           dead
           ,
           and
           his
           Race
           extinguished
           ;
           specially
           when
           we
           cannot
           now
           think
           of
           his
           Return
           ,
           had
           his
           Reign
           been
           ten
           times
           more
           justifieable
           ,
           without
           the
           Horrour
           of
           all
           the
           fatal
           consequences
           of
           Blood
           ,
           Confusion
           and
           Desolation
           ;
           it
           is
           evident
           that
           for
           the
           Estates
           to
           declare
           the
           thing
           as
           it
           is
           ,
           and
           to
           proceed
           to
           a
           new
           and
           necessary
           settlement
           ,
           is
           not
           attended
           with
           the
           least
           difficulty
           .
        
         
           And
           therefore
           I
           go
           on
           to
           the
           second
           point
           viz.
           That
           in
           this
           state
           of
           things
           ,
           the
           Estates
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ought
           to
           supply
           the
           vacancy
           of
           the
           Thron
           ,
           by
           setting
           up
           their
           Highnesses
           the
           Prince
           and
           Princess
           of
           Orange
           ,
           after
           England's
           example
           without
           variation
           .
           And
           the
           Reason
           I
           gave
           for
           it
           ,
           was
           because
           ,
           that
           God
           from
           Heaven
           presents
           them
           to
           us
           ,
           and
           the
           highest
           necessity
           determines
           us
           to
           acquiesce
           in
           his
           good
           pleasure
           .
           And
           that
           God
           presents
           them
           ,
           if
           there
           be
           any
           voice
           or
           language
           ,
           in
           his
           providences
           ,
           as
           certainly
           there
           is
           ,
           it
           amounts
           in
           our
           case
           to
           a
           manifest
           Declaration
           .
           When
           after
           King
           Solomons
           death
           ,
           the
           Lord
           so
           ordered
           the
           matter
           in
           the
           Treaty
           betwixt
           Rehoboam
           ,
           and
           the
           People
           ,
           that
           by
           his
           imprudent
           Answer
           ,
           he
           provock'd
           the
           ten
           Tribes
           to
           Reject
           him
           ;
           the
           Lord
           ,
           by
           a
           Prophet
           ,
           commands
           Judah
           to
           sit
           still
           ,
           and
           desist
           from
           fighting
           ,
           for
           ,
           says
           he
           ,
           
             the
             thing
             is
             from
             me
          
           .
           Can
           any
           Man
           then
           doubt
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           concurrence
           of
           the
           many
           signal
           providences
           (
           more
           remarkable
           both
           for
           Number
           ,
           and
           Weight
           ,
           then
           can
           be
           instanced
           from
           all
           our
           Histories
           )
           which
           at
           present
           surround
           us
           to
           shew
           us
           the
           way
           ,
           the
           Persons
           ,
           whom
           God
           thus
           designs
           ,
           ought
           to
           be
           Chosen
           and
           Embraced
           .
        
         
           It
           was
           an
           Inspiration
           from
           God
           ,
           that
           moved
           his
           Highness
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Protestant
           Princes
           in
           Germany
           to
           resent
           so
           cordially
           the
           Distress
           of
           the
           Protestant
           interest
           abroad
           ,
           and
           it's
           Danger
           here
           with
           us
           .
           It
           was
           also
           another
           effect
           of
           the
           same
           
             Divine
             Influence
          
           ;
           that
           excited
           his
           Highness
           
             raising
             up
             the
             Righteous
             Man
             from
             the
             East
             ,
          
           and
           prevailed
           upon
           the
           Cautious
           and
           Warry
           Estates
           of
           the
           united
           Provinces
           ,
           to
           set
           about
           so
           great
           ,
           and
           incredible
           an
           undertaking
           ,
           wherein
           a
           Man
           may
           justly
           doubt
           ,
           whether
           the
           vastness
           of
           the
           expence
           ,
           the
           hazard
           of
           the
           Seas
           ,
           season
           ,
           and
           tempests
           ,
           or
           the
           Preparations
           and
           Forces
           of
           the
           Adversary
           ,
           were
           more
           discouraging
           .
           But
           that
           God
           ,
           should
           have
           so
           happily
           conducted
           thorow
           all
           these
           difficulties
           ;
           turned
           ,
           almost
           as
           one
           Man
           ,
           the
           Hearts
           of
           all
           the
           People
           of
           Britain
           ;
           and
           caused
           all
           the
           feared
           opposition
           to
           melt
           away
           ,
           as
           Snow
           before
           the
           Sun
           ,
           so
           that
           his
           Highness
           was
           without
           Battel
           ,
           brought
           to
           London
           only
           with
           Joy
           &
           
             Triumph
             .
             This
             ,
             This
             is
             the
             Lord
             's
             doing
             and
             it
             is
             marvellous
             in
             our
             eyes
             !
          
           Nor
           are
           the
           succeeding
           passages
           of
           his
           work
           ,
           tho'
           not
           of
           so
           great
           a
           Lustre
           ,
           of
           less
           significancy
           and
           moment
           ,
           as
           to
           our
           present
           purpose
           :
           That
           his
           Majesty
           left
           England
           once
           and
           again
           so
           obstinatly
           ;
           neglected
           and
           ●●rgot
           Scotland
           totally
           ;
           made
           the
           French
           King
           ,
           that
           Enemy
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           Man
           ,
           his
           only
           refuge
           ,
           and
           set
           up
           all
           his
           remaining
           hopes
           on
           Tyrconnel
           and
           his
           
             Irish
             Papists
          
           ;
           that
           the
           
           meeting
           of
           the
           Estates
           in
           England
           ,
           did
           so
           readily
           and
           unanimously
           settle
           the
           Soveraignity
           upon
           their
           Highnesses
           .
           And
           lastly
           that
           our
           Country-men
           ,
           going
           to
           London
           ,
           with
           such
           different
           Interests
           ,
           and
           Designs
           ,
           should
           yet
           have
           carried
           along
           with
           them
           ,
           so
           much
           of
           the
           Spirit
           and
           Sense
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           as
           to
           agree
           ,
           almost
           as
           one
           Man
           ,
           to
           address
           to
           his
           Highness
           ,
           to
           take
           on
           him
           the
           Government
           and
           call
           the
           present
           Convention
           :
           All
           these
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           laid
           together
           and
           recommending
           none
           other
           to
           us
           ,
           then
           the
           very
           next
           in
           blood
           to
           the
           King
           that
           hath
           forsaken
           us
           ,
           must
           ,
           after
           the
           vacancy
           of
           the
           Thron
           above
           demonstrate
           ,
           appear
           to
           every
           one
           ,
           that
           regards
           the
           work
           of
           the
           Lord
           ,
           and
           considers
           the
           operation
           of
           his
           Hands
           ,
           to
           be
           nothing
           less
           then
           so
           many
           Lines
           from
           Gods
           Soveraign
           Power
           ,
           and
           Wisdom
           ,
           concentring
           to
           point
           out
           their
           Highnesses
           as
           the
           only
           Persons
           that
           ought
           and
           can
           possess
           it
           .
        
         
           I
           Grant
           for
           all
           that
           hath
           been
           said
           ,
           that
           providences
           of
           whatsoever
           kind
           and
           number
           are
           no
           Rule
           of
           Duty
           ;
           nor
           do
           I
           here
           pretend
           to
           adduce
           them
           as
           such
           ;
           but
           it
           being
           already
           cleared
           ,
           that
           thorow
           the
           Kings
           Desertion
           ,
           the
           Thron
           is
           vacant
           ,
           the
           Government
           dissolved
           ,
           and
           the
           Kingdom
           brought
           under
           the
           necessity
           of
           a
           new
           Establishment
           ;
           I
           can
           hardly
           believe
           that
           any
           will
           be
           found
           so
           Refractory
           ,
           as
           not
           to
           acknowledge
           ,
           that
           such
           leading
           and
           perswasive
           Providences
           ,
           are
           the
           best
           Designations
           of
           the
           Persons
           on
           whom
           we
           ought
           to
           fix
           .
        
         
           Yet
           ,
           lest
           such
           there
           may
           be
           ,
           I
           shall
           farther
           consider
           the
           last
           part
           of
           the
           Argument
           ,
           and
           that
           is
           ,
           That
           even
           the
           highest
           necessity
           determines
           us
           to
           follow
           
           England's
           Example
           in
           this
           Affair
           ,
           without
           variation
           .
           And
           this
           ,
           I
           think
           may
           easily
           be
           Illustrat
           ,
           as
           well
           from
           the
           Inconveniences
           ,
           and
           Mischiefs
           on
           the
           one
           hand
           ,
           if
           we
           divide
           :
           as
           from
           the
           Advantages
           on
           the
           other
           ,
           if
           we
           joine
           intirely
           with
           them
           .
           And
           for
           the
           Inconveniences
           ,
           the
           long
           and
           bloody
           Troubles
           ,
           and
           Calamities
           ,
           that
           this
           Kingdom
           suffered
           in
           its
           divided
           Estate
           from
           England
           ,
           are
           yet
           too
           fresh
           in
           mens
           Remembrance
           ,
           to
           suffer
           any
           to
           desire
           a
           relapse
           into
           it
           ,
           unless
           it
           may
           be
           in
           this
           only
           prospect
           ,
           that
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           great
           change
           hapned
           in
           our
           Circumstance
           ,
           some
           may
           thereby
           now
           hope
           ,
           for
           a
           speedy
           Conquest
           ,
           as
           in
           any
           terms
           more
           desireable
           ,
           than
           our
           best
           separat
           condition
           .
           The
           Conjunction
           of
           the
           two
           Kingdoms
           ,
           under
           King
           JAMES
           the
           sixth
           ,
           was
           a
           Blessing
           so
           long
           lookt
           for
           ,
           and
           acceptable
           ,
           that
           when
           he
           applyed
           to
           it
           ,
           that
           saying
           ,
           
             Quos
             Deus
             conjunxit
             nemo
             separet
          
           ,
           he
           but
           spoke
           the
           true
           sense
           ,
           and
           wish
           of
           both
           Nations
           :
           shall
           we
           then
           ,
           when
           things
           are
           so
           much
           altered
           to
           the
           worse
           ,
           be
           so
           unhappy
           as
           to
           aim
           at
           this
           unluckie
           separation
           ?
           specially
           when
           it
           is
           most
           certain
           and
           visible
           ,
           that
           the
           least
           apparent
           difference
           ,
           betwixt
           England
           and
           us
           ,
           at
           this
           time
           ,
           would
           be
           a
           great
           encouragement
           to
           Enemies
           &
           discouragment
           to
           Friends
           ,
           particularly
           our
           distressed
           Brethren
           in
           Ireland
           :
           And
           that
           if
           we
           do
           not
           directly
           call
           back
           the
           King
           (
           whereof
           I
           am
           sure
           the
           inevitable
           Evils
           above
           represented
           do
           raise
           in
           every
           honest
           man
           an
           extreme
           horror
           )
           We
           can
           take
           no
           other
           course
           distinct
           from
           that
           of
           England
           ,
           without
           laying
           our selves
           open
           to
           all
           their
           dangers
           ,
           with
           very
           small
           assurance
           of
           their
           assistance
           .
           I
           know
           the
           boiling
           of
           our
           Scots
           blood
           ,
           upon
           a
           little
           stirring
           of
           the
           old
           Emulation
           ,
           industriously
           practised
           by
           Papists
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           affect
           them
           ,
           may
           readily
           throw
           up
           ,
           What
           ?
           are
           not
           we
           a
           free
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           much
           more
           ancient
           than
           that
           of
           England
           ?
           Why
           should
           we
           then
           be
           tyed
           to
           their
           Measures
           ?
           specially
           to
           reject
           totally
           our
           King
           ,
           Who
           ,
           as
           to
           us
           ,
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           is
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           of
           our
           Blood
           and
           Kindred
           .
           But
           first
           ,
           after
           the
           recalling
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           which
           is
           indeed
           the
           Point
           that
           all
           the
           Promoters
           of
           this
           humour
           aim
           at
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           mids
           betwixt
           it
           ,
           and
           an
           absolute
           rejection
           ,
           that
           is
           not
           attended
           with
           most
           deterring
           Circumstances
           ,
           as
           hath
           been
           already
           declared
           .
           Next
           ,
           what
           doth
           all
           this
           vain
           talk
           signify
           ?
           doth
           it
           add
           any
           thing
           to
           our
           strength
           ,
           for
           preventing
           ,
           or
           resisting
           ,
           the
           abovementioned
           Inconveniences
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           point
           that
           all
           Sober
           men
           ought
           mostly
           to
           heed
           ;
           or
           is
           it
           not
           rather
           just
           like
           unto
           the
           Thistles
           Elevation
           ,
           in
           King
           Joash
           his
           Parable
           ,
           which
           after
           it
           had
           compared
           it self
           to
           the
           Cedar
           ,
           was
           trode
           down
           by
           a
           wild
           Beast
           that
           passed
           by
           ,
           which
           infallibly
           would
           be
           our
           fate
           ,
           in
           attending
           to
           such
           empty
           Counsels
           .
        
         
           Whereas
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           if
           we
           go
           along
           ,
           and
           hold
           with
           England
           in
           this
           Re-establishment
           ,
           
           we
           have
           God
           to
           be
           our
           Guide
           and
           Leader
           ,
           as
           hath
           been
           shewed
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           next
           place
           we
           may
           be
           assured
           ,
           that
           as
           we
           are
           already
           threatned
           by
           the
           same
           hazard
           ,
           and
           also
           rather
           more
           exposed
           to
           them
           ,
           then
           they
           ,
           so
           the
           holding
           the
           same
           course
           with
           them
           will
           always
           procure
           us
           ready
           ,
           and
           effectual
           assistance
           ;
           greatly
           animat
           all
           our
           Well-wishers
           ,
           specially
           our
           Brethren
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           prove
           a
           happy
           Introduction
           to
           the
           long
           desired
           Union
           of
           both
           Kingdoms
           ,
           which
           last
           motive
           of
           a
           good
           and
           perpetual
           Union
           ,
           is
           of
           itself
           sufficient
           ,
           to
           all
           Considering
           men
           ,
           to
           preponderat
           all
           can
           be
           said
           on
           this
           head
           :
           it
           being
           indeed
           the
           only
           thing
           wanting
           to
           compleat
           the
           happiness
           ,
           and
           security
           of
           both
           Kingdoms
           ;
           and
           that
           which
           seems
           reserved
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           ORANGE
           ,
           as
           
             the
             man
             of
             God's
             right
             hand
             ,
          
           able
           to
           surmount
           ,
           and
           adjust
           all
           the
           difficulties
           of
           so
           great
           a
           Work
           ,
           and
           worthy
           to
           bear
           its
           Glory
           .
        
         
           Thus
           you
           have
           my
           opinion
           ,
           and
           the
           Lord
           give
           all
           Concerned
           a
           true
           ,
           and
           right
           understanding
           .
           If
           bare
           Infidelity
           or
           Difference
           in
           Religion
           were
           here
           adduced
           as
           causes
           ,
           to
           make
           void
           the
           King's
           Title
           and
           Authority
           ;
           the
           Westminster
           confession
           (
           tho'
           well
           enough
           cautioned
           ,
           by
           the
           qualities
           of
           Just
           and
           Legal
           to
           exempt
           us
           from
           the
           late
           imposings
           )
           might
           yet
           occasion
           some
           to
           scruple
           :
           or
           if
           Malversations
           were
           the
           only
           ground
           ,
           these
           might
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           said
           ,
           make
           the
           enquiry
           more
           uneasie
           ,
           and
           the
           conclusion
           
             less
             unquestionable
          
           .
           But
           when
           the
           King
           himself
           hath
           loos'd
           us
           ,
           by
           such
           a
           manifest
           ,
           and
           irreparable
           Desertion
           :
           And
           God
           from
           Heaven
           points
           out
           to
           us
           so
           Desireable
           and
           Excellent
           a
           choice
           .
           And
           Lastly
           when
           the
           most
           powerful
           necessity
           of
           the
           Preservation
           of
           all
           that
           can
           be
           dear
           to
           us
           ,
           oblidges
           us
           to
           imbrace
           it
           :
           What
           can
           possibly
           demurr
           true
           Protestants
           ,
           and
           rational
           Men
           ,
           to
           agree
           to
           it
           .
           Neither
           ought
           we
           to
           be
           alarmed
           at
           the
           Backwardness
           ,
           and
           Refractoriness
           of
           some
           whose
           ill
           consciences
           of
           their
           former
           oppressions
           and
           violences
           ,
           may
           desperatly
           drive
           them
           to
           a
           more
           avowed
           opposition
           .
           Since
           beside
           that
           it
           must
           be
           in
           it self
           contemptible
           ,
           nothing
           can
           more
           effectually
           defeat
           it
           ,
           and
           all
           our
           other
           vain
           fears
           ,
           then
           our
           Resolute
           and
           Unanimous
           concluding
           and
           adhereing
           to
           such
           a
           Just
           ,
           Necessary
           ,
           and
           Happy
           Re-establishment
           .
        
         
           Adieu
           .