Memorialls for the government of the royal-burghs in Scotland with some overtures laid before the nobility and gentry of several shyres in this kingdom : as also, a survey of the city of Aberdeen with the epigrams of Arthur Iohnstoun, Doctor of Medicine, upon some of our chief burghs translated into English by I.B. / by Philopoliteious (or,) a lover of the publick well-fare.
         Skene, Alexander.
      
       
         
           1685
        
      
       Approx. 392 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 145 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images.
       
         Text Creation Partnership,
         Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :
         2005-12 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).
         A60328
         Wing S3935
         ESTC R38926
         18196182
         ocm 18196182
         106993
         
           
            This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of
             Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal
            . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
          
        
      
       
         Early English books online.
      
       
         (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A60328)
         Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 106993)
         Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1130:21)
      
       
         
           
             Memorialls for the government of the royal-burghs in Scotland with some overtures laid before the nobility and gentry of several shyres in this kingdom : as also, a survey of the city of Aberdeen with the epigrams of Arthur Iohnstoun, Doctor of Medicine, upon some of our chief burghs translated into English by I.B. / by Philopoliteious (or,) a lover of the publick well-fare.
             Skene, Alexander.
             Johnstoun, Arthur, 1587-1641.
             Barclay, John, 1582-1621.
          
           288 p.
           
             Printed by John Forbes ...,
             Aberdeen :
             1685.
          
           
             Author's name on t.p., "Philopoliteious", in Greek characters.
             Attributed to Alexander Skene by Wing and NUC pre-1956 imprints.
             Reproduction of original in the Cambridge University Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford.
         Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors.
      
       
         EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO.
         EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org).
         The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. Anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source.
         Users should be aware of the process of creating the TCP texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data.
         Text selection was based on the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL). If an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in NCBEL, then their works are eligible for inclusion. Selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so.
         Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor.
         The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines.
         Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements).
         
          Keying and markup guidelines are available at the
           Text Creation Partnership web site
          .
        
      
       
         
         
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Municipal government -- Scotland.
           Scotland -- Politics and government -- 1660-1688.
           Aberdeen (Scotland) -- History.
        
      
    
     
        2005-03 TCP
        Assigned for keying and markup
      
        2005-06 SPi Global
        Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images
      
        2005-08 Olivia Bottum
        Sampled and proofread
      
        2005-08 Olivia Bottum
        Text and markup reviewed and edited
      
        2005-10 pfs
        Batch review (QC) and XML conversion
      
    
  
   
     
       
         
           
             
             
             
               Memorialls
               For
               the
               GOVERNMENT
               OF
               THE
               ROYALL-BURGHS
               IN
               SCOTLAND
               .
            
             
               With
               some
               Overtures
               laid
               before
               the
               Nobility
               and
               Gentry
               of
               the
               several
               Shyres
               in
               this
               Kingdom
               .
               AS
               ALSO
               ,
               A
               Survey
               of
               the
               City
               of
               ABERDEEN
               ,
               with
               the
               Epigrams
               of
               
                 Arthur
                 Iohnstoun
              
               Doctor
               of
               Medicin
               ,
               upon
               some
               of
               our
               chief
               Burghs
               translated
               into
               English
               by
               
                 I.
                 B.
              
               
            
             
               By
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               (
               Or
               ,
               )
               A
               lover
               of
               the
               Publick
               well-fare
               .
            
             
               ABERDEEN
               ,
               Printed
               by
               JOHN
               FORBES
               ,
               Printer
               to
               the
               CITY
               and
               UNIVERSITY
               ,
               1685.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               
            
             
               
                 By
                 the
                 Blessing
                 of
                 the
                 Vpright
                 the
                 City
                 is
                 exalted
                 :
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 overturned
                 by
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 the
                 wicked
                 .
              
               
                 Prov.
                 11.11
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Righteous
                 are
                 in
                 Authority
                 the
                 people
                 rejoice
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 wicked
                 beareth
                 rule
                 the
                 people
                 mourn
                 .
              
               
                 Prov.
                 29
                 2.
                 
              
               
                 VVhen
                 Themistocles
                 was
                 mocked
                 by
                 his
                 companions
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 ignorant
                 in
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 liberall
                 Sciences
                 .
                 He
                 answered
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 sing
                 to
                 the
                 Harp
                 ,
                 nor
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Psaltrie
                 :
                 but
                 he
                 could
                 make
                 a
                 little
                 Village
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 small
                 Town
                 a
                 Great
                 and
                 Famous
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 Plutarch
                 on
                 the
                 life
                 of
                 Themistocles
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Vnto
               the
               Right
               Honorable
               ,
               Sir
               GEORGE
               DRUMMOND
               of
               Milnab
               ,
               Lord
               Provest
               .
               
                 
                   THOMAS
                   ROBERTSON
                   ,
                   Bailie
                   .
                
                 
                   THOMAS
                   HAMILTON
                   ,
                   Bailie
                   .
                
                 
                   ALEXANDER
                   BRAND
                   ,
                   Bailie
                   .
                
                 
                   DAVID
                   SPENSE
                   ,
                   Bailie
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CHARLES
                     MURRAY
                  
                   of
                   Hadden
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     GEORGE
                     DRUMMOND
                  
                   Thesaurer
                   .
                
              
               And
               to
               the
               Rest
               of
               the
               Honorable
               Councill
               of
               the
               City
               of
               EDINBURGH
               .
            
             
               
                 RIGHT
                 HONORABLE
                 ,
              
            
             
               I
               being
               a
               person
               who
               (
               without
               vanity
               )
               may
               say
               ,
               
               that
               Heaven
               hath
               blessed
               with
               so
               much
               of
               a
               Publick
               Spirit
               ,
               that
               I
               feel
               in
               my
               heart
               an
               inclination
               that
               would
               do
               good
               unto
               all
               men
               ;
               but
               since
               my
               ability
               quadrats
               not
               with
               my
               desires
               ,
               (
               that
               being
               GODS
               peculiar
               Priviledge
               ,
               whose
               Omnipotencie
               can
               onely
               equall
               his
               Will
               ,
               )
               I
               must
               rest
               satisfied
               with
               the
               extent
               of
               my
               Cordiall
               Good
               Wishes
               for
               the
               Wellfare
               of
               all
               :
               from
               which
               Principle
               ,
               (
               though
               I
               am
               not
               in
               a
               capacity
               to
               act
               ,
               )
               I
               could
               not
               forbear
               to
               express
               somethings
               in
               these
               Memorialls
               ,
               whereby
               I
               humbly
               conceive
               ,
               the
               Good
               and
               Wellfare
               of
               the
               Burrows
               of
               this
               Kingdom
               may
               in
               some
               measure
               be
               advanced
               ,
               if
               acceptably
               improven
               .
            
             
               It
               would
               be
               from
               a
               defect
               of
               Charity
               ,
               
               if
               any
               apprehend
               I
               have
               wrot
               these
               out
               of
               conceit
               of
               my
               own
               abilitie
               ,
               for
               I
               am
               not
               so
               fond
               of
               any
               Talent
               I
               have
               acquyred
               ,
               that
               if
               my
               earnestness
               to
               cast
               in
               my
               Mite
               into
               the
               Treasurie
               for
               the
               Publick
               Good
               ,
               had
               not
               overballanced
               the
               mean
               thoughts
               I
               have
               of
               any
               thing
               I
               can
               do
               of
               this
               nature
               ,
               I
               should
               never
               have
               dared
               to
               present
               you
               with
               them
               .
               But
               now
               here
               they
               be
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               they
               are
               I
               presume
               to
               lay
               before
               You
               ,
               who
               are
               the
               Representatives
               of
               the
               Chiefest
               City
               of
               this
               Nation
               .
               It
               is
               your
               Discretion
               ,
               your
               Zeall
               for
               the
               Publick-Good
               ,
               your
               Christian
               Wisdom
               and
               Behaviour
               ,
               your
               Righteousness
               and
               Piety
               ,
               that
               influences
               not
               only
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Burrows
               ,
               but
               also
               most
               of
               the
               Subjects
               of
               this
               Kingdom
               .
               I
               am
               
               not
               ignorant
               how
               much
               I
               expose
               my self
               to
               the
               Critick
               Censures
               of
               many
               ,
               in
               permitting
               the
               Publishing
               of
               this
               Tractat
               ,
               considering
               the
               Politness
               and
               Learning
               of
               this
               Age
               ,
               and
               my
               own
               Imperfections
               in
               undertaking
               such
               a
               Task
               :
               Yet
               if
               ye
               shall
               be
               pleased
               favourably
               to
               accept
               hereof
               ,
               Charitably
               constructing
               my
               Zeal
               ,
               and
               covering
               my
               Defects
               and
               Over-reachings
               ,
               I
               need
               care
               the
               less
               what
               thoughts
               others
               have
               of
               me
               or
               it
               .
               And
               because
               it
               is
               frequent
               with
               many
               ,
               to
               measure
               their
               Esteem
               of
               Books
               by
               the
               respect
               or
               disrespect
               that
               is
               had
               to
               the
               Author
               ,
               I
               have
               therefore
               suppressed
               my
               Name
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               neither
               be
               undervalued
               ,
               or
               possibly
               by
               some
               overvalued
               upon
               my
               account
               :
               but
               that
               all
               may
               be
               left
               
               to
               consider
               what
               is
               said
               ,
               then
               to
               enquyre
               who
               said
               so
               .
               And
               how
               ever
               it
               be
               ,
               it
               shall
               be
               the
               cry
               of
               my
               heart
               ,
               that
               ye
               may
               acquit
               Your selves
               in
               all
               Your
               Places
               and
               Administrations
               like
               Men
               and
               Christians
               ,
               and
               that
               with
               Jehoshaphat
               Ye
               may
               prepare
               Your
               Hearts
               to
               seek
               the
               LORD
               .
               To
               whose
               Wisdom
               ,
               Counsell
               and
               Direction
               ,
               I
               commend
               You
               all
               ,
               as
               becomes
            
             
               
                 Right
                 Honorable
              
               
                 
                   The
                   cordiall
                   Well-wisher
                   of
                   the
                   Prosperity
                   of
                   Your
                   CITY
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   serve
                   You
                   in
                   the
                
                 LORD
                 ,
                 PHILOPOLITEIUS
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Epistle
               to
               the
               Reader
               .
            
             
               IT
               hath
               been
               a
               great
               question
               amongst
               the
               Ancients
               ,
               what
               kind
               of
               Government
               was
               most
               conduceable
               to
               the
               Happiness
               and
               Wellfare
               of
               the
               Life
               of
               Men
               some
               preferring
               the
               Government
               of
               one
               Wise
               ,
               Iust
               and
               Discreet
               Man
               for
               making
               Laws
               ,
               and
               commanding
               Obedience
               to
               all
               others
               ,
               and
               this
               is
               called
               Monarchie
               simply
               :
               Others
               preferring
               the
               Government
               of
               many
               ,
               who
               may
               perhaps
               disscerne
               better
               what
               is
               needfull
               for
               the
               Publick
               Good
               then
               one
               ,
               according
               to
               that
               saying
               
                 P●us
                 vident
                 oculi
                 quam
                 oculus
              
               .
               But
               forbearing
               to
               trouble
               any
               with
               the
               Opinions
               of
               
                 Plato
                 ,
                 Xenophon
                 ,
                 Aristotle
              
               or
               Cicero
               ,
               who
               have
               severally
               written
               Books
               concerning
               
                 Civil
                 Society
              
               ,
               and
               wherein
               they
               have
               differed
               one
               from
               another
               ;
               they
               having
               treated
               of
               these
               Governments
               ,
               to
               which
               soveraignity
               and
               supream
               Authority
               belonged
               .
            
             
             
               But
               the
               subject
               of
               this
               following
               Treatise
               being
               onely
               of
               Ro●all-Burghs
               within
               this
               Kingdom
               ,
               I
               think
               it
               the
               duty
               of
               all
               persons
               concerned
               therein
               to
               be
               thankfull
               to
               GOD
               ,
               that
               they
               live
               under
               the
               Power
               and
               Protection
               of
               a
               Potent
               MONARCH
               ,
               who
               Governs
               according
               to
               the
               Laws
               made
               by
               Him
               and
               his
               Royall-Ancestors
               ,
               with
               consent
               of
               the
               
                 three
                 Estates
                 of
                 this
                 Kingdom
              
               ,
               and
               preserves
               all
               the
               Priviledges
               of
               His
               Subjects
               accordingly
               ;
               so
               that
               by
               the
               foundamentall
               constitution
               of
               Government
               ;
               we
               are
               under
               the
               best
               temper
               and
               composure
               of
               any
               Nation
               in
               the
               World
               And
               if
               we
               will
               be
               good
               Christians
               ,
               good
               Subjects
               ,
               and
               a
               vertuous
               happy
               People
               ;
               we
               have
               the
               advantage
               of
               the
               best
               Laws
               of
               any
               Kingdom
               in
               Europe
               .
            
             
               As
               to
               the
               particular
               improvment
               of
               that
               Power
               ,
               which
               every
               City
               in
               this
               Nation
               hath
               within
               it self
               to
               contribute
               to
               its
               own
               Happiness
               and
               Prosperity
               ,
               I
               have
               taken
               the
               freedom
               to
               set
               down
               these
               few
               Memorialls
               for
               the
               benefit
               of
               all
               ,
               not
               out
               of
               any
               conceit
               of
               my
               ability
               for
               such
               an
               undertaking
               ,
               (
               as
               I
               can
               truely
               say
               )
               but
               out
               of
               a
               desire
               to
               be
               usefull
               according
               to
               my
               mean
               talent
               to
               Young-Men
               ,
               
               who
               perhaps
               are
               not
               acquainted
               with
               such
               things
               ,
               though
               these
               that
               have
               had
               experience
               are
               probably
               farr
               beyond
               me
               in
               Knowledge
               and
               Parts
               .
               And
               seeing
               there
               are
               Books
               written
               for
               every
               
                 Science
                 ,
                 Art
              
               or
               Employment
               ,
               from
               the
               highest
               to
               the
               lowest
               ,
               I
               have
               fallen
               upon
               this
               Essay
               ,
               if
               it
               were
               but
               to
               stir
               up
               some
               of
               more
               pregnant
               Parts
               and
               acute
               Engine
               then
               ever
               I
               laid
               claim
               to
               ,
               whereby
               they
               might
               benefit
               their
               Native-Countrey
               ,
               seeing
               the
               Government
               of
               Burghs
               within
               this
               Kingdom
               is
               a
               Subject
               that
               might
               very
               well
               beseem
               the
               exactest
               Pen
               ,
               till
               which
               appear
               ,
               let
               these
               concerned
               admit
               of
               this
               testimony
               of
               my
               respects
               ,
               who
               am
               ,
            
             
               
                 A
                 Cordiall
                 Well-wisher
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Burrows
                 of
                 this
                 
                   Kingdom
                   .
                   PHILOPOLITEIUS
                
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               To
               the
               Author
               of
               these
               MEMORIALLS
               .
            
             
               WEll
               may
               thou
               own
               to
               have
               a
               Publick
               Sp'rit
               ,
            
             
               And
               Philopoliteius
               nam'd
               for
               it
               ;
            
             
               And
               for
               this
               Book
               ,
               the
               Royal-Burrows
               all
            
             
               May
               ratifie
               thy
               Name
               ,
               and
               thus
               thee
               call
               :
            
             
               Thy
               wholsome
               Counsells
               if
               practised
               be
               ,
            
             
               Our
               Nation
               happy
               we
               shall
               shortly
               see
               .
            
             
               Our
               Burrows
               prosperous
               by
               Forraign-Trade
               ,
            
             
               Our
               Countrey
               to
               make
               Famous
               :
               all
               made
               glade
            
             
               To
               see
               our
               Kingdoms-Glory
               every
               way
            
             
               Encrease
               by
               Vertue
               :
               and
               what
               ever
               may
            
             
               Its
               Praise
               advance
               ,
               which
               surely
               will
               not
               miss
               ,
            
             
               If
               all
               our
               Rulers
               shall
               account
               of
               this
               .
            
             
               Then
               these
               Memorialls
               shall
               esteemed
               be
               ,
            
             
               And
               by
               our
               Cities
               keept
               in
               Memorie
               .
            
             
               
                 A
                 Friend
                 to
                 the
                 Author
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Another
               to
               the
               AUTHOR
               of
               these
               MEMORIALLS
               .
            
             
               HEre
               doth
               a
               Publick
               Spirit
               breath
               ,
            
             
               Tho
               by
               a
               privat
               Pen
               ,
            
             
               Both
               to
               provock
               and
               to
               incit
            
             
               Like
               minds
               in
               powerfull
               Men
               :
            
             
               More
               to
               preferr
               the
               Publick
               Good
               ,
            
             
               And
               seek
               that
               to
               advance
               ;
            
             
               Then
               Property
               or
               Interest
            
             
               Or
               Breeding
               ,
               brought
               from
               France
               .
            
             
               And
               if
               Ambition
               laid
               some
               men
            
             
               To
               seek
               Renown
               and
               Praise
               ,
            
             
               How
               much
               more
               should
               Religion
               then
            
             
               Above
               this
               Region
               raise
               ?
            
             
               True
               Christian
               Vertue
               doth
               aspyre
               ;
            
             
               To
               Eternize
               their
               Fame
            
             
               Before
               the
               LORD
               ,
               by
               doing
               so
            
             
               As
               He
               'll
               approve
               the
               same
               .
            
             
               A
               lover
               of
               the
               Publick
               Good
               ,
            
             
               Here
               is
               this
               
                 Authors
                 Name
              
               :
            
             
               Let
               all
               who
               read
               this
               Book
               ,
               make
               choise
            
             
               Of
               this
               habituall
               frame
               .
            
             
               
                 A
                 Lover
                 of
                 the
                 Author
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Contents
               or
               Index
               of
               the
               Memorialls
               contained
               in
               this
               Treatise
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     I.
                     
                  
                   Anent
                   the
                   Diversitie
                   of
                   Burghs
                   .
                   Viz.
                   Burghs
                   of
                   
                     Barrony
                     ,
                     Regality
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Burghs-Royal
                     .
                     Pag.
                     17
                  
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP
                     II.
                     
                  
                   Anent
                   Government
                   in
                   generall
                   and
                   in
                   speciall
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   advantages
                   of
                   the
                   Burghs-Royall
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Ingredients
                   of
                   the
                   severall
                   sorts
                   of
                   Government
                   .
                   
                     Pag.
                     19.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     III.
                     
                  
                   Of
                   the
                   Councill
                   and
                   their
                   Duties
                   in
                   generall
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   two
                   chief
                   Ends
                   they
                   should
                   aim
                   at
                   .
                   
                     Pag.
                     25.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     IV
                  
                   Anent
                   Religion
                   and
                   Holiness
                   ,
                   wherein
                   it
                   consists
                   not
                   ,
                   and
                   wherein
                   it
                   doth
                   consist
                   .
                   
                     Pag.
                     27.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     V.
                     
                  
                   Anent
                   Iustice
                   and
                   Righteousness
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Branches
                   and
                   Effects
                   thereof
                   in
                   a
                   
                     City
                     .
                     Pag.
                     32.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     VI.
                     
                  
                   Anent
                   Sobriety
                   and
                   
                     Moderation
                     .
                     Pag.
                     34.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP
                     VII
                     .
                  
                   Anent
                   bearing
                   down
                   Ambition
                   ,
                   and
                   joyning
                   in
                   Elections
                   of
                   Magistrats
                   and
                   
                     Councill
                     .
                     Pag.
                     38.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                   
                     CHAP
                     VIII
                     .
                  
                   Anent
                   Sloath
                   and
                   
                     Neglect
                     in
                     Rulers
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   publick
                   Administrations
                   .
                   
                     Pag.
                     44.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     IX
                     .
                  
                   Anent
                   Envy
                   and
                   Vain-Glory
                   ,
                   being
                   both
                   enemies
                   to
                   
                     Vertue
                     .
                     Pag.
                     55.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP
                     X.
                     
                  
                   Anent
                   Love
                   and
                   Concord
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   surest
                   foundation
                   of
                   a
                   
                     Kingdom
                     ,
                     City
                  
                   or
                   
                     Common-wealth
                     .
                     Pag.
                     62.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XI
                     .
                  
                   Anent
                   Observation
                   of
                   Laws
                   ,
                   both
                   Nationall
                   and
                   
                     Municipall
                     .
                     Pag.
                     70.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XII
                     .
                  
                   Some
                   select
                   
                     Acts
                     of
                     Parliament
                  
                   ,
                   anent
                   Royal-Burghs
                   ,
                   the
                   Conservator
                   ,
                   &
                   anent
                   the
                   
                     Staple
                     .
                     Pag.
                     74.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XIII
                  
                   Concerning
                   some
                   Means
                   in
                   generall
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   a
                   Burgh
                   may
                   flowrish
                   
                     Pag
                     88.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XIV
                     .
                  
                   Concerning
                   
                     Merchandising
                     .
                     Pag
                     94.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XV.
                     
                  
                   Concerning
                   some
                   general
                   Overturs
                   for
                   improvement
                   of
                   Trade
                   ,
                   mostly
                   relating
                   to
                   the
                   Chief
                   Rulers
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Kingdom
                     .
                     Pag.
                     98.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XVI
                     .
                  
                   Concerning
                   
                     Mechanick-Trades
                     .
                     Pag.
                     111
                  
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XVII
                     .
                  
                   Concerning
                   Planting
                   ,
                   both
                   for
                   Profit
                   and
                   Pleasure
                   .
                   
                     Pag.
                     115.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XVIII
                     .
                  
                   Concerning
                   Charity
                   ,
                   and
                   care
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Poor
                     .
                     Pag.
                     120.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XIX
                  
                   Concerning
                   Magistrats
                   in
                   Generall
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Qualifications
                   requyred
                   in
                   them
                   .
                   
                     Pag.
                     125.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XX.
                     
                  
                   Concerning
                   the
                   Duties
                   &
                   Office
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Provest
                     Pag.
                     134.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XXI
                  
                   Concerning
                   the
                   Office
                   and
                   Duties
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Bailies
                     Pag.
                     137.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XXII
                     .
                  
                   Concerning
                   the
                   Office
                   and
                   Duty
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Dean
                     of
                     Gild.
                     Pag.
                     140.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XXIII
                     .
                  
                   Concerning
                   the
                   Office
                   and
                   Duty
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Towns-Thesaurer
                     .
                     Pag.
                     146.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XXIV
                     .
                  
                   Concerning
                   the
                   Office
                   and
                   Duty
                   of
                   the
                   Town-Clerk
                   or
                   
                     Recorder
                     .
                     Pag.
                     148.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XXV
                     .
                  
                   Concerning
                   some
                   Duties
                   incumbent
                   upon
                   the
                   Magistrats
                   joyntlie
                   .
                   
                     Pag.
                     151.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XXVI
                     .
                  
                   Concerning
                   
                     Iustice
                     of
                     Peace
                     Courts
                  
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   holden
                   within
                   Burgh
                   by
                   the
                   Magistrats
                   thereof
                   .
                   
                     Pag.
                     159.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XXVII
                     .
                  
                   Concerning
                   some
                   Considerations
                   laid
                   before
                   the
                   Youth
                   ,
                   in
                   every
                   City
                   or
                   
                     Corporation
                     .
                     Pag.
                     165.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XXVIII
                     .
                  
                   Directed
                   to
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   ,
                   and
                   Free●men
                   of
                   
                     Cities
                     .
                     Pag.
                     176.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XXIX
                     .
                  
                   Some
                   Overtures
                   ,
                   humbly
                   offered
                   to
                   the
                   Nobles
                   and
                   Gentry
                   of
                   the
                   severall
                   
                     Shires
                     in
                     Scotland
                     .
                     Pag.
                     182.
                     
                  
                
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               MEMORIALS
               For
               the
               Government
               of
               ROYALL-BURGHS
               in
               SCOTLAND
               .
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 Anent
                 the
                 Diversitie
                 of
                 Burghs
                 ,
                 Viz.
                 Burghs
                 of
                 
                   Barrony
                   ,
                   Regality
                
                 ,
                 and
                 BURGHS-ROYALL
                 .
              
               
                 IN
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 SCOTLAND
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 three
                 sorts
                 of
                 Burghs
                 ,
                 some
                 are
                 Burghs
                 of
                 Barrony
                 ,
                 some
                 are
                 Burghs
                 of
                 Regality
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 are
                 
                   Royal-Burghs
                   .
                   Burghs
                
                 of
                 Barrony
                 are
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 Barrons
                 hath
                 full
                 power
                 to
                 choise
                 their
                 
                   Bailies
                   .
                   
                   Burghs
                
                 of
                 Regality
                 are
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 Lord
                 of
                 the
                 Regality
                 hath
                 the
                 full
                 power
                 to
                 choise
                 their
                 Bailies
                 ;
                 unless
                 power
                 be
                 given
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 Infestments
                 be
                 him
                 to
                 their
                 Commonalitie
                 ,
                 to
                 choise
                 their
                 own
                 Bailies
                 ;
                 whereof
                 there
                 are
                 diverse
                 instances
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 are
                 Royal-Burghs
                 ,
                 so
                 called
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 hold
                 immediatly
                 of
                 the
                 KING
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 first
                 Erections
                 ,
                 have
                 power
                 to
                 choise
                 their
                 
                   Provest
                   ,
                   Bailies
                
                 and
                 Councill
                 :
                 and
                 have
                 the
                 onely
                 Priviledge
                 of
                 Forraign-Trade
                 and
                 Merchandising
                 ;
                 and
                 have
                 their
                 own
                 Common-Lands
                 holden
                 of
                 the
                 KING
                 ,
                 their
                 Houses
                 and
                 Burrow-Lands
                 holden
                 in
                 free
                 Burgage
                 of
                 the
                 KING
                 ,
                 can
                 enter
                 an
                 Heir
                 to
                 Tenements
                 of
                 Land
                 within
                 Burgh
                 (
                 
                   brevi
                   manu
                
                 )
                 without
                 Service
                 or
                 Retour
                 ,
                 and
                 enter
                 them
                 thereto
                 and
                 give
                 them
                 Seasing
                 by
                 Hesp
                 and
                 Staple
                 :
                 and
                 have
                 many
                 more
                 Priviledges
                 conferred
                 on
                 them
                 ,
                 (
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 being
                 Sheriffs
                 within
                 themselves
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Edinburgh
                   ,
                   Aberdeen
                   ,
                   Striviling
                   &c.
                
                 )
              
               
                 Having
                 briefly
                 set
                 down
                 the
                 differences
                 betwixt
                 the
                 three
                 severall
                 sorts
                 of
                 Burghs
                 My
                 design
                 relating
                 onely
                 to
                 Royal-Burghs
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 set
                 down
                 first
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 thereof
                 .
                 2
                 dly
                 Shall
                 set
                 down
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Town-Councill
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Duties
                 incumbent
                 unto
                 them
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 GOD
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 wellfare
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 3
                 dly
                 .
                 Shall
                 set
                 down
                 the
                 Qualifications
                 of
                 an
                 able
                 and
                 fit
                 Magistrat
                 ,
                 upon
                 
                 whom
                 a
                 chief
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 prosperitie
                 and
                 happiness
                 of
                 a
                 Town
                 depends
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 the
                 particular
                 Duties
                 ,
                 relating
                 to
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 severall
                 Magistrats
                 in
                 particular
                 ,
                 and
                 next
                 of
                 their
                 Duties
                 joyntly
                 together
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 Anent
                 Government
                 in
                 generall
                 and
                 in
                 speciall
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Advantages
                 of
                 the
                 BURGHS-ROYALL
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Ingredients
                 of
                 the
                 severall
                 sorts
                 of
                 Government
                 .
              
               
                 AS
                 to
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 our
                 Cities
                 and
                 Towns
                 ,
                 severall
                 Politick
                 Writers
                 have
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 well
                 mixed
                 Government
                 ,
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 all
                 ●states
                 and
                 Ranks
                 of
                 Persons
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 preferred
                 ,
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 three
                 sorts
                 of
                 Governments
                 that
                 hath
                 been
                 ;
                 or
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 is
                 in
                 use
                 in
                 
                   Kingdoms
                   Common-Wealths
                
                 or
                 Cities
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 simply
                 considered
                 ;
                 as
                 Democracie
                 :
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 or
                 mixed
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 have
                 the
                 Supream
                 Power
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 Magistrats
                 are
                 chosen
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 Laws
                 are
                 made
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 carried
                 by
                 the
                 greater
                 part
                 ,
                 is
                 esteemed
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Judgement
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 :
                 
                 Their
                 great
                 end
                 is
                 Liberty
                 to
                 live
                 as
                 they
                 please
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 what
                 they
                 think
                 fit
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 kind
                 of
                 Government
                 degenerats
                 often
                 into
                 confusion
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 gross
                 abuses
                 have
                 been
                 committed
                 by
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   Aristocracie
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 few
                 persons
                 have
                 the
                 Soveraign
                 Power
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 often
                 degenerats
                 into
                 Faction
                 and
                 Division
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 Simple
                 Monarchie
                 ,
                 when
                 one
                 person
                 hath
                 absolutely
                 the
                 whole
                 Power
                 in
                 himself
                 to
                 make
                 what
                 Laws
                 he
                 will
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 whatsoever
                 he
                 thinks
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 often
                 degenerats
                 into
                 Tyrannie
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 as
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 a
                 well
                 mixed
                 Government
                 ,
                 made
                 up
                 wisely
                 of
                 all
                 Estates
                 and
                 Ranks
                 of
                 persons
                 ,
                 is
                 preferred
                 before
                 any
                 of
                 these
                 .
                 Such
                 is
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 this
                 our
                 
                   Ancient
                   Kingdom
                
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 some
                 respect
                 ,
                 our
                 Cities
                 are
                 mostly
                 so
                 constitute
                 ;
                 for
                 since
                 a
                 Common-Wealth
                 or
                 Citie
                 ,
                 consists
                 of
                 severall
                 Degrees
                 of
                 men
                 of
                 different
                 conditions
                 and
                 imployments
                 ,
                 some
                 Merchants
                 some
                 considerable
                 Heritors
                 that
                 live
                 upon
                 their
                 Rents
                 ,
                 some
                 Tradsmen
                 and
                 Handicrafts
                 ,
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 would
                 make
                 a
                 great
                 defect
                 in
                 a
                 Common-Wealth
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Members
                 are
                 usefull
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 but
                 one
                 Body
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 1.
                 
                 Cor.
                 12.21
                 ,
                 22.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Eye
                   cannot
                   say
                   to
                   the
                   Hand
                   I
                   have
                   no
                   need
                   of
                   thee
                   :
                   nor
                   again
                   ,
                   the
                   Head
                   to
                   the
                   Feet
                   I
                   have
                   no
                   need
                   of
                   you
                   :
                   nay
                   much
                   more
                   these
                   Members
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   ,
                   which
                   seem
                   to
                   be
                   more
                   feeble
                   are
                   
                   necessary
                   .
                
                 It
                 cannot
                 then
                 but
                 agree
                 with
                 reason
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 estate
                 and
                 condition
                 of
                 men
                 ,
                 should
                 have
                 their
                 own
                 share
                 in
                 the
                 manadgement
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 proportions
                 and
                 interests
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 have
                 matter
                 to
                 bless
                 GOD
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 equal
                 and
                 just
                 constitution
                 of
                 Government
                 not
                 onely
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 kingdom
                 (
                 which
                 of
                 it self
                 is
                 as
                 good
                 as
                 any
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 )
                 but
                 also
                 for
                 that
                 well
                 tempered
                 mixture
                 ,
                 granted
                 to
                 us
                 by
                 our
                 KINGS
                 ,
                 &
                 left
                 unto
                 us
                 of
                 our
                 
                   Worthy
                   Ancestours
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 our
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 particular
                 Common-Wealths
                 ,
                 being
                 thus
                 .
              
               
                 Our
                 Town-Councills
                 is
                 chosen
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Citizens
                 and
                 Burgesses
                 of
                 the
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 the
                 Citie-Roll
                 being
                 read
                 at
                 every
                 Election
                 of
                 Councill
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 Aristotle
                 were
                 alive
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 censure
                 us
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 the
                 Government
                 and
                 Lawes
                 of
                 the
                 Gretians
                 ,
                 given
                 by
                 Minos
                 and
                 Radamanthus
                 :
                 for
                 their
                 Cosmi
                 or
                 Magistrats
                 were
                 not
                 chosen
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 but
                 out
                 of
                 some
                 few
                 of
                 every
                 Tribe
                 ;
                 though
                 they
                 did
                 pretend
                 that
                 all
                 their
                 Laws
                 were
                 made
                 by
                 Jupiters
                 advyce
                 :
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Grecian
                   Re-publicks
                
                 did
                 imitate
                 them
                 ,
                 particularly
                 Lycurgus
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 a
                 large
                 List
                 drawn
                 up
                 of
                 all
                 amongst
                 us
                 ,
                 where
                 is
                 set
                 down
                 every
                 one
                 whom
                 any
                 person
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Present
                   Council
                
                 desires
                 or
                 nominats
                 :
                 then
                 they
                 choose
                 the
                 prefixed
                 number
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 appointed
                 to
                 be
                 
                 
                   New
                   Counsellours
                
                 for
                 the
                 ensuing
                 Year
                 :
                 Next
                 they
                 choose
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 number
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 been
                 ruling
                 the
                 Year
                 preceeding
                 ,
                 so
                 many
                 as
                 are
                 by
                 the
                 Law
                 appointed
                 to
                 continue
                 ,
                 Ja.
                 3.
                 
                 P.
                 7.
                 c.
                 57.
                 
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 so
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Deacons
                 of
                 the
                 Trades
                 ,
                 as
                 should
                 compleat
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Councill
                 ,
                 all
                 which
                 being
                 presently
                 called
                 and
                 conveened
                 ,
                 they
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Old
                   Councill
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Deacons
                 of
                 the
                 Trades
                 ,
                 (
                 besides
                 these
                 Tradsmen
                 that
                 are
                 on
                 the
                 Old
                 and
                 
                   New
                   Councill
                
                 )
                 do
                 elect
                 of
                 these
                 that
                 are
                 chosen
                 for
                 Counsellours
                 for
                 the
                 Year
                 to
                 come
                 ,
                 
                   Provest
                   ,
                   Bailies
                
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Office-bearers
                 requisite
                 .
                 Thus
                 
                   Bretheren
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Tradsmen
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 our
                 Cities
                 consists
                 ,
                 have
                 all
                 their
                 equall
                 share
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 our
                 Royal-Burrows
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 any
                 matter
                 of
                 more
                 then
                 ordinary
                 Importance
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 consulted
                 of
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Councill
                 find
                 it
                 meet
                 ,
                 they
                 call
                 the
                 former
                 years
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 joyns
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Consultation
                 and
                 Determination
                 and
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 business
                 of
                 setting
                 on
                 of
                 a
                 Tax
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Levying
                   of
                   Money
                
                 ;
                 whether
                 for
                 Nationall
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Particular
                   Use
                
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 the
                 consent
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 is
                 called
                 for
                 in
                 a
                 publick
                 Head-Court
                 conveened
                 by
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 Reasons
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Tax
                 ,
                 or
                 Imposition
                 is
                 holden
                 out
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 this
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 evident
                 to
                 the
                 judicious
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 have
                 the
                 best
                 Ingredients
                 and
                 Advantages
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 severall
                 sorts
                 of
                 Governments
                 .
              
               
               
                 Though
                 some
                 are
                 Priviledged
                 to
                 be
                 Sheriffs
                 within
                 their
                 Jurisdiction
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 have
                 Power
                 of
                 Life
                 and
                 Death
                 in
                 some
                 cases
                 ,
                 yet
                 we
                 may
                 look
                 on
                 our selves
                 as
                 more
                 happy
                 in
                 severall
                 respects
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 well
                 constitute
                 Monarchie
                 we
                 live
                 in
                 ,
                 then
                 if
                 Soveraign
                 Power
                 were
                 in
                 our
                 own
                 hands
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 free
                 Cities
                 and
                 Common-Wealths
                 have
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 Because
                 we
                 are
                 hereby
                 fred
                 from
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 overthrow
                 ,
                 oppression
                 ,
                 or
                 subjection
                 to
                 the
                 lust
                 of
                 any
                 proud
                 or
                 ambitious
                 Neighbour
                 ,
                 that
                 perchance
                 might
                 have
                 more
                 Strength
                 then
                 we
                 ,
                 being
                 under
                 the
                 Fatherly
                 Care
                 and
                 Protection
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Powerfull
                 Monarch
                 .
                 When
                 we
                 look
                 back
                 upon
                 the
                 manyfold
                 dangers
                 ,
                 that
                 Famous
                 and
                 Renowned
                 Cities
                 have
                 frequently
                 been
                 assaulted
                 with
                 in
                 Elder
                 times
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 present
                 Beholds
                 the
                 many
                 staggerings
                 ,
                 and
                 violent
                 agitations
                 ,
                 that
                 free
                 Towns
                 have
                 been
                 surprised
                 with
                 in
                 this
                 our
                 Age
                 ;
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Power
                 ,
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 and
                 Avarice
                 of
                 their
                 Insidious
                 Neighbours
                 :
                 we
                 may
                 bless
                 GOD
                 for
                 our
                 Peace
                 and
                 Security
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 If
                 any
                 intestine
                 jarrs
                 may
                 unhappily
                 arise
                 amongst
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 draw
                 Parties
                 to
                 Factions
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 Animosities
                 and
                 Seditions
                 ;
                 wherethrough
                 not
                 onely
                 the
                 Names
                 ,
                 Fames
                 ,
                 and
                 Estates
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 might
                 be
                 in
                 hazard
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 Lives
                 ,
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 and
                 Interests
                 of
                 the
                 Common-Wealth
                 might
                 utterly
                 
                 be
                 destroyed
                 and
                 subverted
                 thereby
                 .
                 We
                 have
                 the
                 Supream
                 Authority
                 of
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 all
                 these
                 evils
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 crush
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 bud
                 ;
                 whereby
                 our
                 Concord
                 ,
                 Unity
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 least
                 our
                 Peace
                 and
                 Security
                 is
                 through
                 Gods
                 blessing
                 safer
                 then
                 the
                 great
                 Imperiall
                 Citie
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 when
                 lyklie
                 to
                 have
                 teared
                 out
                 her
                 own
                 bowells
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 unnaturall
                 War
                 betwixt
                 Sylla
                 and
                 Marius
                 ,
                 which
                 destroyed
                 the
                 chiefest
                 and
                 best
                 of
                 her
                 Senators
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 many
                 thousands
                 of
                 her
                 own
                 Citizens
                 .
                 The
                 like
                 apparent
                 Fate
                 ,
                 being
                 wisely
                 and
                 seasonably
                 prevented
                 ,
                 (
                 when
                 that
                 unhappy
                 difference
                 arose
                 in
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 Year
                 1590
                 ,
                 called
                 the
                 Common-Cause
                 )
                 by
                 the
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Authority
                 of
                 King
                 JAMES
                 the
                 sixth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Interposition
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Convention
                   of
                   Burrows
                
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 the
                 Kings
                 approbation
                 ,
                 did
                 determine
                 the
                 controversie
                 ,
                 which
                 before
                 ,
                 through
                 slaughter
                 and
                 blood
                 ,
                 had
                 drawn
                 to
                 that
                 hight
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 not
                 timely
                 adverted
                 unto
                 ,
                 might
                 have
                 brought
                 with
                 it
                 destruction
                 and
                 desolation
                 .
              
               
                 Whereas
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 Government
                 is
                 so
                 regulated
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 above
                 shewed
                 ,
                 and
                 established
                 upon
                 surer
                 fundations
                 then
                 formerly
                 ;
                 that
                 through
                 GODS
                 Blessing
                 thereupon
                 ,
                 no
                 such
                 thing
                 hath
                 had
                 any
                 appearance
                 since
                 ,
                 not
                 (
                 we
                 hope
                 through
                 Mercy
                 )
                 shall
                 ever
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 pertinent
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 yet
                 ,
                 
                 I
                 shall
                 refer
                 it
                 till
                 I
                 intend
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 their
                 duties
                 in
                 particular
                 ,
                 where
                 ,
                 to
                 hold
                 out
                 immediatly
                 before
                 their
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 more
                 recent
                 and
                 proper
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 shall
                 speak
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 in
                 general
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 Of
                 the
                 COUNCIL
                 and
                 their
                 Duties
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 two
                 chief
                 Ends
                 they
                 should
                 aim
                 at
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Council
                 is
                 a
                 certain
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 lawfully
                 chosen
                 to
                 give
                 advyce
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 or
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Administration
                 of
                 Affairs
                 within
                 the
                 Common-Wealth
                 .
                 The
                 Romans
                 called
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 Senators
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 ●ravity
                 and
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 they
                 were
                 ●●lled
                 Fathers
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 care
                 they
                 had
                 of
                 the
                 ●●mmon-Wealth
                 ,
                 as
                 Parents
                 are
                 careful
                 to
                 pro●●de
                 and
                 see
                 for
                 their
                 Children
                 ,
                 what
                 they
                 stand
                 〈◊〉
                 need
                 of
                 ,
                 or
                 what
                 their
                 condition
                 may
                 re●●ire
                 ,
                 Counsellors
                 should
                 do
                 the
                 same
                 for
                 the
                 ●●-publick
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 
                   custodes
                   Legum
                
                 ,
                 the
                 keep●●s
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 appeals
                 are
                 made
                 to
                 them
                 ●●●m
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 when
                 any
                 person
                 conceives
                 ●●mself
                 wronged
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 The
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 the
                 Romans
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 ,
                 composed
                 their
                 Councils
                 of
                 old
                 wise
                 and
                 expert
                 Persons
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 prejudice
                 to
                 a
                 Citie
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 persons
                 chosen
                 ,
                 more
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 strengthen
                 a
                 Faction
                 ;
                 then
                 for
                 their
                 worth
                 and
                 abilities
                 especially
                 when
                 an
                 Oath
                 is
                 taken
                 by
                 every
                 Counsellor
                 at
                 his
                 admission
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 faithful
                 Counsellor
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 concern
                 the
                 Common-Wealth
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 all
                 
                   Royal
                   Burrows
                
                 the
                 
                   Council
                   Acts
                
                 are
                 th●
                 Rules
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 )
                 by
                 which
                 all
                 th●
                 Affairs
                 are
                 ordered
                 ,
                 and
                 according
                 to
                 whic●
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 should
                 walk
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 adm●nistrations
                 ,
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 publick
                 Laws
                 of
                 th●
                 Nation
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 Magistra●●
                 were
                 never
                 so
                 well
                 disposed
                 ,
                 or
                 qualified
                 ;
                 cannot
                 be
                 but
                 a
                 great
                 discouragement
                 ,
                 and
                 a●
                 impediment
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Council
                 be
                 not
                 composed
                 of
                 Wise
                 ,
                 Judicious
                 ,
                 and
                 Able
                 Men
                 :
                 mu●●
                 more
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 wicked
                 ,
                 or
                 vicious
                 ,
                 alway●
                 opposing
                 good
                 things
                 ,
                 discouraging
                 the
                 Godl●●
                 and
                 Virtuous
                 ,
                 and
                 strengthning
                 the
                 hands
                 ●●
                 the
                 Wicked
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 hold
                 out
                 something
                 of
                 the
                 Counc●●
                 Dutie
                 in
                 common
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 their
                 Dutie
                 ,
                 both
                 a●●
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 ,
                 to
                 propose
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 a●●
                 seriously
                 to
                 mind
                 two
                 Great
                 and
                 Honorab●●
                 Ends
                 ,
                 wherein
                 all
                 their
                 Consultations
                 and
                 A●●
                 should
                 terminat
                 .
                 viz.
                 The
                 Glory
                 of
                 GO●
                 2
                 dly
                 .
                 The
                 Good
                 and
                 Prosperity
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Cit●
                   ▪
                
                 
                 ●●ese
                 two
                 Generals
                 comprehend
                 all
                 the
                 Par●●●ulars
                 of
                 their
                 Duties
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 cannot
                 be
                 se●●rated
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 Honouring
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 much
                 of
                 〈◊〉
                 Happyness
                 of
                 the
                 Citie
                 consists
                 :
                 and
                 in
                 ad●●ncing
                 the
                 Happyness
                 and
                 Prosperity
                 of
                 the
                 Ci●●
                 there
                 will
                 redound
                 Glorie
                 and
                 Honour
                 to
                 ●OD
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 Anent
                 RELIGION
                 and
                 HOLINES
                 ,
                 ●●erein
                 it
                 consists
                 not
                 ,
                 and
                 wherein
                 it
                 ●●th
                 consist
                 .
              
               
                 THere
                 is
                 no
                 way
                 ,
                 whereby
                 GOD
                 is
                 more
                 Honoured
                 amongst
                 men
                 ,
                 then
                 when
                 they
                 live
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Rules
                 of
                 true
                 Religion
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 holden
                 forth
                 in
                 the
                 Scriptures
                 of
                 Truth
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 are
                 Plain
                 ,
                 Spiritual
                 ,
                 and
                 Universal
                 ;
                 according
                 to
                 ●●at
                 place
                 in
                 Titus
                 2.11
                 12.
                 
                 
                   For
                   the
                   Grace
                   of
                   ●OD
                   that
                   bringeth
                   Salvation
                   ,
                   hath
                   appeared
                   to
                   ●
                   men
                   Teaching
                   us
                   that
                   denying
                   all
                   ungodly●●●s
                   and
                   worldly
                   lusts
                   we
                   should
                   live
                   soberly
                   ,
                   righ●●●usly
                   ,
                   and
                   godly
                   in
                   this
                   present
                   world
                   .
                
                 This
                 
                 comprehends
                 all
                 true
                 Religion
                 ,
                 
                   To
                   wit
                
                 ,
                 a
                 turning
                 from
                 all
                 evil
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 doing
                 of
                 all
                 good
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 two
                 things
                 specially
                 requisit
                 in
                 al●
                 that
                 would
                 serve
                 GOD
                 aright
                 ,
                 and
                 worshi●
                 acceptably
                 ,
                 One
                 is
                 a
                 serious
                 conversion
                 of
                 the
                 heart
                 from
                 all
                 worldly
                 lusts
                 and
                 ungodly
                 corruptions
                 .
                 2
                 dly
                 ,
                 A
                 measur
                 of
                 a
                 humble
                 holy
                 spiritua●
                 lively
                 frame
                 upon
                 the
                 heart
                 :
                 without
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 all
                 Religious
                 Duties
                 are
                 but
                 acts
                 of
                 Hypocrisie
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 Micah
                 6.7
                 .
                 and
                 though
                 they
                 would
                 multiplie
                 their
                 services
                 and
                 duties
                 t●
                 the
                 uttermost
                 bounds
                 of
                 human
                 powers
                 ,
                 it
                 wer●
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 not
                 a
                 washing
                 from
                 filthiness
                 ,
                 lusts
                 ,
                 and
                 unrighteousness
                 ;
                 according
                 to
                 Isa.
                 1.
                 from
                 the
                 11.
                 to
                 18.
                 verse
                 .
                 So
                 Isa.
                 66.1
                 .
                 to
                 6.
                 verse
                 .
                 without
                 which
                 ,
                 any
                 may
                 see
                 ,
                 how
                 the
                 LORD
                 hates
                 and
                 despises
                 all
                 the
                 services
                 and
                 acts
                 of
                 worship
                 in
                 his
                 people
                 ▪
                 See
                 this
                 at
                 length
                 in
                 Amos
                 5.21
                 .
                 
                   &c.
                   I
                   hate
                   and
                   despise
                   your
                   feast
                   dayes
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   will
                   not
                   smel
                   in
                   your
                   solemn
                   assemblies
                   ,
                   though
                   ye
                   offer
                   me
                   burnt
                   offerings
                   ,
                   and
                   your
                   meat
                   offerings
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   not
                   accept
                   them
                   neither
                   will
                   regard
                   the
                   peace
                   offerings
                   of
                   your
                   fat
                   beasts
                
                 and
                 so
                 furth
                 .
                 
                   But
                   let
                   judgement
                   run
                   down
                   as
                   waters
                   ,
                   and
                   righteousness
                   as
                   a
                   mighty
                   stream
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 I
                 mention
                 this
                 the
                 rather
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 clear
                 Scripturs
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 common
                 fault
                 amongst
                 many
                 Professors
                 ,
                 to
                 lay
                 the
                 stress
                 of
                 Religion
                 and
                 Holiness
                 upon
                 the
                 bare
                 observation
                 of
                 Ordinances
                 and
                 outward
                 Duties
                 ;
                 though
                 the
                 
                 ●●ide
                 ,
                 greed
                 ,
                 and
                 vanity
                 of
                 the
                 hearts
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 ●
                 word
                 ,
                 the
                 spirit
                 of
                 conformity
                 to
                 the
                 fashions
                 ●f
                 this
                 world
                 ,
                 remains
                 and
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 dominion
                 ●ith
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 Rom.
                 12.2
                 .
              
               
                 See
                 Psal.
                 51.16
                 ,
                 17.
                 
                 There
                 are
                 Sacrifices
                 ●hich
                 GOD
                 cares
                 not
                 for
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 are
                 that
                 ●hich
                 he
                 regards
                 :
                 
                   A
                   pure
                   heart
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   brocken
                   ●●ontrite
                   spirit
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   most
                   acceptable
                   sacrifices
                   to
                   ●OD
                   .
                
                 A
                 pure
                 mind
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 service
                 of
                 GOD
                 ●●e
                 most
                 religious
                 Worship
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 ●●llow
                 and
                 imitate
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 Honour
                 ●OD
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 evil
                 ,
                 sayes
                 
                   Senec.
                   Lauct
                   .
                   Merc.
                   Trism
                
                 .
              
               
                 Yet
                 I
                 would
                 not
                 in
                 this
                 be
                 so
                 understood
                 ,
                 as
                 ●●
                 I
                 were
                 crying
                 down
                 all
                 outward
                 duties
                 ,
                 seeing
                 ●
                 is
                 their
                 abuse
                 my
                 testimony
                 is
                 onely
                 against
                 .
                 ●nd
                 therefore
                 ,
                 my
                 2
                 d.
                 requisit
                 I
                 speak
                 of
                 ,
                 was
                 ●hat
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 performed
                 with
                 a
                 measure
                 ●f
                 a
                 Humble
                 ,
                 Holy
                 ,
                 Spiritual
                 ,
                 and
                 lively
                 ●rame
                 of
                 Heart
                 ;
                 without
                 which
                 ,
                 Duties
                 are
                 ●ut
                 dead
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 be
                 as
                 abominable
                 in
                 the
                 ●●ght
                 of
                 the
                 LORD
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 under
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 ●ad
                 brought
                 a
                 dead
                 carcase
                 of
                 a
                 beast
                 ,
                 to
                 offer
                 ●p
                 in
                 Sacrifice
                 before
                 the
                 LORD
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 not
                 to
                 insist
                 further
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 set
                 ●own
                 a
                 Testimony
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 Judicious
                 and
                 ●earned
                 Man
                 ,
                 concerning
                 true
                 Religion
                 .
                 
                   Peter
                   ●harron
                
                 in
                 his
                 
                   second
                   book
                   of
                   Wisdom
                   ,
                   Cap.
                
                 5.
                 ●oncerning
                 Religion
                 ,
                 sayeth
                 thus
                 .
              
               
                 
                   That
                   of
                   so
                   many
                   diverse
                   Religions
                   ,
                   and
                   manners
                   
                   of
                   serving
                   GOD
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   or
                   may
                   be
                   ,
                   they
                   seem
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   most
                   noble
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   ha●●
                   greatest
                   appearance
                   of
                   Truth
                   ,
                   which
                   without
                   gre●●
                   corporal
                   ,
                   and
                   external
                   service
                   ,
                   draw
                   the
                   soul
                   in
                   it self
                   ,
                   and
                   raise
                   it
                   by
                   pure
                   contemplation
                   to
                   a●mire
                   and
                   adore
                   the
                   great
                   and
                   infinite
                   Majestie
                   ●
                   the
                   first
                   cause
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   essence
                   of
                   essence
                   without
                   any
                   great
                   declaration
                   or
                   determination
                   the●●of
                   ;
                   or
                   prescription
                   of
                   his
                   service
                   ,
                   but
                   acknowledgi●●
                   it
                   indefinitely
                   to
                   be
                   goodness
                   ,
                   perfection
                   ,
                   and
                   infi●●ness
                   wholly
                   incomprehensible
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   know●
                   .
                
              
               
                 Again
                 ,
                 (
                 sayeth
                 he
                 )
                 
                   Religion
                   consisteth
                   in
                   t●●
                   knowledge
                   of
                   GOD
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   our selves
                   ,
                   (
                   for
                   it
                   a
                   relative
                   action
                   betwixt
                   both
                   ,
                   )
                   the
                   office
                   thereo●
                   is
                   to
                   extol
                   GOD
                   to
                   the
                   uttermost
                   of
                   our
                   power
                   ,
                   a●●
                   to
                   beat
                   down
                   man
                   as
                   low
                   as
                   may
                   be
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   he
                   w●
                   utterly
                   lost
                   ;
                   and
                   afterwards
                   ,
                   to
                   furnish
                   himself
                   wi●●
                   means
                   to
                   rise
                   again
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   him
                   feel
                   his
                   misery
                   and
                   his
                   nothingness
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   he
                   may
                   put
                   his
                   wh●●
                   confidence
                   in
                   GOD
                   alone
                   .
                
                 Again
                 ,
                 (
                 sayeth
                 he●
                 
                   The
                   office
                   of
                   Religion
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   joyn
                   us
                   to
                   the
                   Author
                   a●●
                   principal
                   cause
                   of
                   all
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   reunite
                   man
                   ,
                   a●●
                   fasten
                   him
                   to
                   his
                   first
                   cause
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   his
                   root
                   ;
                   where●●
                   so
                   long
                   as
                   he
                   continueth
                   firm
                   and
                   setled
                   he
                   prefer●eth
                   himself
                   in
                   his
                   own
                   perfection
                   ;
                   and
                   contrarywis●
                   when
                   he
                   is
                   separated
                   ,
                   he
                   instantly
                   fainteth
                   a●●
                   languisheth
                   .
                
              
               
                 Next
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 Religion
                 ,
                 all
                 in
                 Authority
                 a●●
                 to
                 evidence
                 their
                 zeal
                 for
                 the
                 LORD
                 ,
                 i●
                 bearing
                 down
                 all
                 open
                 scandalous
                 Vices
                 ,
                 a●●
                 
                 
                   Drunkenness
                   ,
                   Whoredome
                   ,
                   Cursing
                
                 and
                 
                   Swearing
                   ,
                   ●hest
                   ,
                   Oppression
                   ,
                   Blood-shed
                   ,
                   Cheating
                   ,
                
                 and
                 all
                 ●njuries
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 consistent
                 with
                 the
                 good
                 ●
                 
                   Civil
                   Societies
                
                 :
                 And
                 on
                 this
                 account
                 he
                 is
                 the
                 ●inister
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 Sword
                 ●
                 vain
                 .
                 Rom.
                 13.1
                 ,
                 2
                 3
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Next
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 honour
                 true
                 Religion
                 in
                 his
                 ●wn
                 personal
                 walk
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 private
                 or
                 publick
                 ●ctings
                 :
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 shew
                 himself
                 exemplary
                 ,
                 and
                 ●
                 guard
                 and
                 watch
                 against
                 any
                 scandalous
                 fail●ngs
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 one
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   Magistratus
                   ubi
                   enim
                   de●nqunt
                   ,
                   longè
                   majus
                   exemplo
                   quam
                   culpa
                   peccare
                   vi●ntur
                   ,
                   Minores
                   namque
                   omnes
                   eorum
                   vestigia
                   se●uuntur
                   ,
                   vixque
                   se
                   errare
                   putant
                   ,
                   cum
                   ejusdem
                   cri●inis
                   reum
                   aliquem
                   Senatorem
                   ostendunt
                   .
                
                 That
                 ●
                 ,
                 When
                 a
                 Magistrat
                 doth
                 transgress
                 ,
                 they
                 ●em
                 to
                 sin
                 more
                 by
                 their
                 example
                 then
                 fault
                 ;
                 or
                 all
                 their
                 inferiours
                 follow
                 their
                 footsteps
                 and
                 ●arce
                 imagine
                 they
                 erre
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 can
                 hold
                 ●ut
                 a
                 Ruler
                 guilty
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 crime
                 .
                 
                   Pat.
                   ●inensis
                   Instit.
                   Reipub.
                   Lib.
                
                 3.
                 
                 Tit.
                 3.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 as
                 he
                 would
                 wish
                 to
                 be
                 honoured
                 of
                 GOD
                 ●o
                 be
                 an
                 instrument
                 of
                 good
                 in
                 his
                 place
                 he
                 ●ust
                 make
                 conscience
                 to
                 look
                 up
                 to
                 GOd
                 ,
                 ●nd
                 wait
                 upon
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 blessing
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 ●ndertakings
                 .
                 Prov.
                 3.6
                 .
                 
                   If
                   we
                   acknowledge
                   ●e
                   LORD
                   in
                   all
                   our
                   wayes
                   ,
                   he
                   will
                   direct
                   our
                   ●aths
                   .
                
                 And
                 without
                 this
                 waiting
                 on
                 the
                 LORD
                 or
                 his
                 blessing
                 ,
                 how
                 can
                 any
                 expect
                 to
                 prosper
                 ●
                 their
                 undertakings
                 and
                 consultations
                 .
                 The
                 
                 forecited
                 Author
                 ,
                 sayes
                 in
                 that
                 same
                 place
                 .
                 
                   Ib●
                   nunquam
                   res
                   humanae
                   prospere
                   succedunt
                   ,
                   ubi
                   ne●gliguntur
                   divinae
                   .
                
                 There
                 human
                 matters
                 never
                 succeed
                 well
                 ,
                 where
                 divine
                 are
                 neglected
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 adds
                 ,
                 Tit.
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Let
                   the
                   Council
                   be
                   diligently
                   carefull
                   ,
                   that
                   what
                   ever
                   is
                   done
                   in
                   the
                   Senate
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   have
                   GOD
                   for
                   their
                   Author
                   ,
                   whose
                   favour
                   being
                   obtained
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Sacrifices
                   of
                   spiritual
                   Prayer
                   nothing
                   can
                   succeed
                   ill
                   ,
                   nor
                   fall
                   out
                   wrong
                   in
                   th●
                   Common-Wealth
                   .
                
                 When
                 a
                 
                   Popish
                   Prelat
                
                 goe●
                 thus
                 far
                 in
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 Professors
                 of
                 Truth
                 should
                 much
                 more
                 depend
                 upon
                 GOD
                 ,
                 and
                 acknowledge
                 him
                 ,
                 having
                 many
                 promises
                 annexed
                 to
                 the
                 Dutie
                 ,
                 as
                 Ierem
                 29.12
                 13.
                 
                 Zach.
                 13.9
                 .
                 Psal.
                 10.17
                 .
                 Philip.
                 4.6.7
                 .
                 Prov
                 15.8
                 ,
                 29.
                 
                 Ioh.
                 16.23
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 for
                 the
                 dutie
                 of
                 Holiness
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the●
                 first
                 branch
                 of
                 Religion
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 Anent
                 Iustice
                 and
                 Righteousness
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Branches
                 and
                 Effects
                 thereof
                 in
                 a
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 CIties
                 that
                 would
                 honour
                 GOD
                 aright
                 ,
                 would
                 studie
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 to
                 be
                 Just
                 and
                 Righteous
                 .
                 This
                 Righteousness
                 and
                 Justice
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 blessings
                 o●
                 
                   Civil
                   Society
                
                 is
                 the
                 greatest
                 :
                 for
                 
                 ●t
                 layes
                 the
                 foundation
                 of
                 
                   Civil
                   Societie
                
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 it
                 there
                 could
                 be
                 no
                 
                   Civil
                   Societie
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Corporation
                 whatsoever
                 :
                 yea
                 ,
                 without
                 it
                 ,
                 all
                 ●he
                 duties
                 of
                 Holyness
                 and
                 Religion
                 will
                 prove
                 ●o
                 be
                 but
                 Formality
                 and
                 Hypocrisie
                 :
                 accor●ing
                 to
                 Amos
                 5.21
                 ,
                 22.
                 
                 The
                 propertie
                 of
                 this
                 Divine
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 do
                 wrong
                 to
                 none
                 ,
                 and
                 ●s
                 the
                 Civilists
                 desyne
                 Justice
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 render
                 ●o
                 every
                 one
                 their
                 due
                 .
                 To
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 ●eserved
                 well
                 ,
                 thanks
                 ,
                 praise
                 and
                 reward
                 ;
                 ●nd
                 to
                 offenders
                 ,
                 rebuke
                 and
                 punishment
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 verie
                 notable
                 duty
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 branch
                 of
                 this
                 vertue
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 promises
                 ,
                 pactions
                 ,
                 ●nd
                 covenants
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 such
                 engagemen●s
                 ;
                 ●nd
                 that
                 not
                 onely
                 with
                 Citizens
                 or
                 Strangers
                 with
                 whom
                 we
                 have
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 with
                 our
                 Enemies
                 .
                 There
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 baser
                 imputation
                 ●pon
                 these
                 who
                 have
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 the
                 Common-Wealth
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 break
                 promises
                 and
                 engagements
                 ,
                 which
                 reproach
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 ob●iterated
                 by
                 any
                 progress
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 read
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 whom
                 Ennius
                 called
                 
                   Covenant
                   breakers
                
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 chief
                 cause
                 of
                 the
                 overthrow
                 of
                 that
                 Famous
                 Citie
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 so
                 long
                 contended
                 with
                 Rome
                 for
                 the
                 Empire
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 Cicero
                 calls
                 this
                 fidelity
                 ,
                 a
                 constancie
                 of
                 words
                 and
                 Counsells
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 ●e
                 done
                 which
                 are
                 promised
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 these
                 therefore
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 charge
                 of
                 a
                 City
                 embrace
                 Righteousness
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 ,
                 
                 neither
                 fear
                 nor
                 favour
                 ,
                 hope
                 nor
                 prom●ses
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 other
                 allurement
                 ought
                 to
                 di●ve●t
                 them
                 .
                 Let
                 this
                 Righteousness
                 appear
                 in
                 all
                 concernments
                 ,
                 both
                 publick
                 and
                 private
                 weights
                 and
                 measures
                 ,
                 in
                 guarding
                 against
                 oppression
                 of
                 any
                 ,
                 doing
                 wrong
                 to
                 none
                 encouraging
                 and
                 defending
                 the
                 just
                 and
                 vertuous
                 ,
                 and
                 punishing
                 the
                 unjust
                 and
                 vicious
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 this
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 (
                 when
                 carefully
                 made
                 conscience
                 of
                 ,
                 )
                 their
                 will
                 spring
                 forth
                 many
                 more
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 contribute
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 an
                 Corporation
                 .
                 As
                 Innocencie
                 ,
                 Freindshipe
                 ,
                 Concord
                 ,
                 Kindly
                 Love
                 ,
                 Thankfullness
                 ,
                 Courteousness
                 ,
                 Gentleness
                 ,
                 all
                 which
                 are
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Citizens
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Righteous
                
                 LORD
                 
                   loveth
                   Righteousness
                   Psal.
                
                 11.7
                 .
                 
                   And
                   Blessings
                   are
                   upon
                   the
                   hea●
                   of
                   the
                   just
                   .
                   Prov.
                
                 10
                 6.
                 
                 
                   The
                   righteousness
                   of
                   the
                   perfect
                   shall
                   direct
                   his
                   way
                   :
                   The
                   righteousness
                   o●
                   the
                   upright
                   shall
                   deliver
                   them
                   :
                   And
                   to
                   him
                   that
                   soweth
                   righteousness
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   a
                   sure
                   reward
                   Prov.
                
                 11.5.6.18
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VI.
                 Anent
                 Sobriety
                 and
                 Moderation
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 third
                 thing
                 that
                 most
                 immediatly
                 relates
                 to
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Christian
                 Sobriety
                 and
                 Moderation
                 ,
                 whereby
                 
                 all
                 pride
                 inordinate
                 passion
                 or
                 hastiness
                 ,
                 excess
                 of
                 meeat
                 drink
                 and
                 vanity
                 of
                 apparell
                 will
                 be
                 evited
                 .
              
               
                 Pride
                 and
                 self-conceit
                 hath
                 occasioned
                 manie
                 evils
                 both
                 in
                 Church
                 and
                 State
                 :
                 But
                 I
                 shall
                 say
                 as
                 the
                 Apostle
                 said
                 ,
                 Rom.
                 12
                 3.
                 
                 
                   For
                   I
                   say
                   through
                   the
                   grace
                   given
                   to
                   me
                   ,
                   to
                   every
                   man
                   that
                   is
                   amongst
                   you
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   think
                   of
                   himself
                   more
                   highly
                   nor
                   he
                   ought
                   to
                   think
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   think
                   soberly
                   ,
                   according
                   as
                   GOd
                   hath
                   dealt
                   to
                   every
                   man
                   the
                   measure
                   of
                   faith
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 Vertue
                 will
                 not
                 permit
                 any
                 rash
                 course
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 but
                 will
                 make
                 men
                 carry
                 themselves
                 moderatly
                 ;
                 both
                 in
                 Prosperity
                 and
                 Adversity
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 will
                 not
                 let
                 Rulers
                 imperiously
                 Command
                 ,
                 as
                 through
                 passion
                 or
                 hastiness
                 to
                 abuse
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 encroach
                 upon
                 their
                 just
                 liberties
                 and
                 priviledges
                 ;
                 but
                 wisely
                 and
                 moderatly
                 perswade
                 and
                 exhort
                 where
                 that
                 can
                 take
                 effect
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 do
                 nothing
                 by
                 force
                 ;
                 because
                 power
                 is
                 in
                 their
                 hands
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 unsuteable
                 ,
                 yea
                 most
                 detestable
                 in
                 a
                 free
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 amongst
                 a
                 free
                 people
                 ,
                 unless
                 inevitable
                 necessity
                 require
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 will
                 not
                 permit
                 a
                 Magistrate
                 to
                 be
                 elated
                 or
                 lifted
                 up
                 in
                 his
                 mind
                 ,
                 but
                 will
                 suppress
                 that
                 vanity
                 and
                 ostentation
                 that
                 many
                 are
                 subject
                 to
                 .
                 
                   Valerius
                   Publicola
                
                 was
                 most
                 imitable
                 in
                 this
                 :
                 That
                 when
                 the
                 people
                 of
                 Rome
                 
                 had
                 expelled
                 their
                 Kings
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 with
                 the
                 Senate
                 had
                 conferred
                 the
                 supream
                 Authority
                 upon
                 him
                 ;
                 yet
                 he
                 used
                 it
                 most
                 soberly
                 and
                 modestly
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 assumed
                 
                   Spurius
                   Lucretius
                
                 for
                 his
                 Collegue
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 man
                 of
                 a
                 greater
                 age
                 ,
                 caused
                 transferr
                 the
                 Rods
                 or
                 
                   Magistraticall
                   Ensignes
                
                 on
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 the
                 exercise
                 of
                 this
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 all
                 excess
                 in
                 meat
                 and
                 drink
                 will
                 be
                 eschewed
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 vanity
                 or
                 prodigality
                 in
                 apparell
                 evited
                 and
                 curbed
                 ;
                 and
                 here
                 I
                 cannot
                 but
                 mention
                 the
                 commendable
                 Laws
                 made
                 by
                 Zaleucus
                 to
                 the
                 Locrenses
                 ,
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 .
              
               
                 Amongst
                 many
                 good
                 Laws
                 for
                 that
                 Common-Wealth
                 to
                 bear
                 down
                 the
                 pride
                 of
                 women
                 ,
                 He
                 appointed
                 that
                 no
                 woman
                 whatsoever
                 should
                 wear
                 Gold
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 precious
                 or
                 costly
                 Garments
                 ;
                 unless
                 they
                 did
                 publickly
                 profess
                 themselves
                 Whores
                 :
                 nor
                 that
                 men
                 should
                 wear
                 Gold-Rings
                 ,
                 or
                 Milesian-Garments
                 ,
                 unless
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 looked
                 upon
                 as
                 Whore-Masters
                 or
                 Adulterers
                 :
                 whereby
                 Diodorus
                 sayes
                 ,
                 through
                 fear
                 of
                 reproach
                 and
                 shame
                 ,
                 he
                 did
                 most
                 wisely
                 curb
                 all
                 excess
                 and
                 superfluitie
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 amongst
                 the
                 Vices
                 that
                 wrong
                 a
                 Citie
                 or
                 Common-Wealth
                 .
                 If
                 there
                 were
                 more
                 of
                 this
                 Vertue
                 in
                 Cities
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 such
                 unlimited
                 deboarding
                 in
                 rich
                 and
                 costly
                 Apparell
                 ;
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 the
                 most
                 Noble
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Land
                 can
                 wear
                 ,
                 but
                 
                   Citizens
                   Wives
                
                 and
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 yea
                 sometimes
                 of
                 the
                 meaner
                 quality
                 must
                 have
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 can
                 reach
                 it
                 .
                 It
                 were
                 very
                 suteable
                 to
                 the
                 Wisdom
                 of
                 a
                 grave
                 Senate
                 ;
                 by
                 Penall
                 Laws
                 ,
                 to
                 restrain
                 these
                 excesses
                 which
                 neither
                 GODS
                 Law
                 ,
                 nor
                 Conscience
                 can
                 bear
                 down
                 .
                 It
                 s
                 sad
                 to
                 see
                 ,
                 when
                 diverse
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 have
                 been
                 made
                 to
                 restrain
                 this
                 excess
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 ,
                 that
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Councils
                 should
                 let
                 them
                 perish
                 ,
                 through
                 their
                 slackness
                 and
                 want
                 of
                 Zeal
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 best
                 fruits
                 of
                 this
                 Prodigalitie
                 in
                 a
                 Citie
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 uphold
                 and
                 increase
                 Pride
                 ,
                 Emulation
                 ,
                 Lust
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 diminish
                 particular
                 mens
                 Estates
                 ;
                 which
                 should
                 relieve
                 and
                 uphold
                 the
                 Common-Wealth
                 under
                 incident
                 Burdens
                 .
                 It
                 were
                 more
                 praise
                 worthie
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 expense
                 made
                 upon
                 costly
                 Apparel
                 ,
                 (
                 beyond
                 what
                 might
                 serve
                 a
                 comely
                 and
                 due
                 decency
                 )
                 were
                 bestowed
                 upon
                 Gardens
                 and
                 Orchyards
                 ,
                 in
                 and
                 about
                 each
                 Town
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 usefull
                 for
                 the
                 health
                 ,
                 life
                 and
                 pleasure
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ;
                 and
                 would
                 be
                 comely
                 Ornaments
                 to
                 a
                 Citie
                 ,
                 and
                 yeeld
                 in
                 time
                 good
                 profit
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 all
                 Christian
                 Women
                 minding
                 that
                 command
                 ,
                 1.
                 
                 Pet.
                 3.3
                 ,
                 4
                 ,
                 5.
                 
                 
                   Whose
                   adorning
                   ,
                   let
                   it
                   not
                   be
                   that
                   outward
                   adorning
                   ,
                   of
                   plaiting
                   the
                   hair
                   ,
                   or
                   wearing
                   of
                   gold
                   ,
                   or
                   putting
                   on
                   of
                   apparell
                   :
                   but
                   let
                   it
                   be
                   the
                   hidden
                   man
                   of
                   
                   the
                   heart
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   corruptible
                   even
                   the
                   ornament
                   of
                   a
                   meek
                   and
                   quiet
                   spirit
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   in
                   the
                   sight
                   of
                   GOD
                   of
                   great
                   price
                   .
                   For
                   after
                   this
                   manner
                   of
                   old
                   time
                   ,
                   the
                   holy
                   Women
                   also
                   who
                   trusted
                   in
                   GOD
                   adorned
                   themselves
                   ,
                   being
                   in
                   subjection
                   to
                   their
                   own
                   husbands
                   .
                
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 bravery
                 of
                 holy
                 Women
                 in
                 old
                 times
                 ,
                 who
                 desired
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 more
                 esteem
                 with
                 GOD
                 then
                 with
                 men
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 I
                 have
                 spoken
                 a
                 little
                 to
                 these
                 three
                 particulars
                 ,
                 whereby
                 men
                 may
                 most
                 grorify
                 GOD
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 more
                 immediatly
                 tendeth
                 thereunto
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
                 Anent
                 bearing
                 down
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 and
                 joyning
                 in
                 Elections
                 of
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Councill
                 .
              
               
                 HAving
                 in
                 the
                 third
                 Chapter
                 ,
                 proposed
                 what
                 were
                 the
                 two
                 great
                 and
                 Honorable
                 Ends
                 which
                 the
                 Councill
                 should
                 aim
                 at
                 ,
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 GODS
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Cities
                 Wellfare
                 and
                 Prosper●ty
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 spoke
                 at
                 some
                 length
                 concerning
                 these
                 Duties
                 vvhich
                 relate
                 most
                 immediatly
                 to
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 in
                 recomending
                 Holiness
                 ,
                 
                 Righteousness
                 and
                 Sobriety
                 :
                 I
                 come
                 novv
                 to
                 ●peak
                 of
                 these
                 Duties
                 vvhich
                 more
                 ●mmediat●y
                 concern
                 the
                 good
                 and
                 prosperity
                 of
                 the
                 Ci●y
                 ,
                 and
                 first
                 I
                 shall
                 speak
                 of
                 some
                 evils
                 which
                 ●re
                 very
                 proper
                 for
                 a
                 Councill
                 to
                 conside●
                 ;
                 the
                 prevention
                 or
                 reformation
                 vvhereof
                 may
                 tend
                 ●o
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 vvhole
                 Body
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 abuse
                 hath
                 often
                 times
                 hazarded
                 the
                 prosperity
                 of
                 a
                 Common-Wealth
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 concerning
                 business
                 for
                 a
                 Senate
                 to
                 consider
                 and
                 use
                 all
                 means
                 that
                 may
                 crush
                 ambition
                 ,
                 brybing
                 or
                 unlavvfull
                 suteing
                 for
                 places
                 of
                 Magistracy
                 ,
                 vvhich
                 is
                 called
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Latins
                   ,
                   crimen
                   ambitus
                
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 some
                 Cities
                 thir
                 fourty
                 years
                 bygone
                 being
                 termed
                 Joyning
              
               
                 By
                 this
                 Factions
                 are
                 made
                 ,
                 heart-burnings
                 kindled
                 ,
                 discords
                 multiplyed
                 ,
                 malice
                 and
                 wrath
                 fostered
                 ,
                 pride
                 nourished
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 worthiest
                 depressed
                 ,
                 vvhen
                 the
                 emptiest
                 and
                 vvorthless
                 are
                 advanced
                 ,
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 neglected
                 ,
                 yea
                 many
                 times
                 overturned
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 destroyed
                 :
                 As
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 example
                 of
                 Sylla
                 and
                 
                   Marius
                   ,
                   Pompey
                
                 and
                 Cesar
                 ,
                 through
                 vvhose
                 ambition
                 and
                 inordinate
                 desire
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 all
                 the
                 Government
                 in
                 their
                 Persons
                 ,
                 Rome
                 lost
                 a
                 greater
                 number
                 of
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 then
                 she
                 did
                 by
                 the
                 propagation
                 of
                 her
                 Empyre
                 over
                 the
                 vvorld
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 vve
                 vvho
                 live
                 under
                 
                   Monarchical
                   Government
                
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 in
                 such
                 hazard
                 
                 to
                 ruine
                 our selves
                 ,
                 that
                 Parties
                 and
                 Factions
                 dare
                 come
                 to
                 that
                 hight
                 ,
                 as
                 these
                 Cities
                 that
                 had
                 Soveraign
                 Povver
                 ,
                 and
                 none
                 above
                 them
                 to
                 overavv
                 them
                 ;
                 yet
                 sure
                 I
                 am
                 ,
                 great
                 are
                 the
                 prejudices
                 and
                 decayes
                 these
                 ambitious
                 and
                 factious
                 persons
                 bring
                 upon
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 for
                 vvhatever
                 one
                 person
                 speaks
                 or
                 does
                 ,
                 vvhether
                 it
                 be
                 according
                 to
                 reason
                 or
                 not
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 does
                 alvvayes
                 oppose
                 it
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 reported
                 of
                 Themistocles
                 betvvixt
                 vvhom
                 and
                 Aristides
                 there
                 vvas
                 a
                 great
                 emulation
                 and
                 hatred
                 ,
                 they
                 tvvo
                 being
                 the
                 most
                 Famous
                 and
                 Worthy
                 Persons
                 in
                 Athens
                 ;
                 yet
                 alvvayes
                 opposed
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Senate
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 rysing
                 vvithout
                 any
                 thing
                 concluded
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 janglings
                 ,
                 Themistocles
                 cryed
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   Unless
                   ye
                   throw
                   him
                   and
                   me
                   into
                   the
                   Dungeon
                   ,
                   the
                   Athenian
                   Common-Wealth
                   can
                   never
                   prosper
                   nor
                   be
                   safe
                   .
                
              
               
                 In
                 a
                 vvord
                 ,
                 by
                 this
                 many
                 vvorks
                 of
                 the
                 Devil
                 are
                 caried
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 GOD
                 greatly
                 grieved
                 and
                 provocked
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 sad
                 effects
                 vvould
                 be
                 carefully
                 cured
                 by
                 removing
                 the
                 cause
                 ,
                 vvhich
                 is
                 this
                 Joyning
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 vvill
                 be
                 belovv
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 an
                 Ingenious
                 Man
                 ,
                 to
                 abase
                 himself
                 to
                 these
                 reproachfull
                 vvayes
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 ambitious
                 persons
                 falls
                 upon
                 for
                 putting
                 themselves
                 into
                 Offices
                 of
                 Magistracie
                 in
                 Towns
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 strengthning
                 their
                 Factions
                 vvhereby
                 they
                 may
                 rule
                 as
                 they
                 list
                 ,
                 and
                 bear
                 dovvn
                 their
                 Competitors
                 .
                 
                 ●
                 knovv
                 not
                 vvith
                 vvhat
                 Faith
                 they
                 can
                 ex●ect
                 direction
                 from
                 GOD
                 ,
                 or
                 strength
                 from
                 ●im
                 under
                 difficulties
                 ,
                 or
                 success
                 in
                 their
                 un●ertakings
                 or
                 consultations
                 for
                 the
                 Common-Wealth
                 ,
                 seeing
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 vvait
                 for
                 his
                 call
                 ;
                 but
                 did
                 run
                 unsent
                 ,
                 vvhereas
                 one
                 that
                 never
                 had
                 a
                 hand
                 in
                 his
                 ovvn
                 Election
                 ,
                 but
                 onely
                 by
                 the
                 esteem
                 and
                 good
                 opinion
                 that
                 the
                 E●ectors
                 had
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 is
                 called
                 to
                 place
                 or
                 office
                 of
                 Trust
                 ;
                 he
                 may
                 look
                 on
                 it
                 in
                 some
                 measure
                 as
                 a
                 call
                 from
                 GOD
                 ,
                 and
                 confidently
                 seek
                 wisdom
                 ,
                 direction
                 and
                 success
                 from
                 him
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 undertakings
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 expect
                 strength
                 and
                 furnitur
                 for
                 cutbearing
                 of
                 him
                 at
                 all
                 occasions
                 accordingly
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 this
                 Ambition
                 and
                 
                   joyning
                   work
                
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 carried
                 on
                 with
                 the
                 inferiour
                 sort
                 of
                 people
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 hand
                 in
                 Elections
                 as
                 some
                 
                   Deacons
                   of
                   Trades
                
                 .
                 I
                 desire
                 not
                 that
                 I
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 understood
                 ,
                 as
                 meaning
                 by
                 all
                 
                   Deacons
                   of
                   Trades
                
                 in
                 generall
                 ,
                 for
                 I
                 doubt
                 not
                 but
                 many
                 amongst
                 them
                 are
                 discreet
                 ,
                 vertuous
                 and
                 sober
                 men
                 ,
                 that
                 will
                 not
                 comply
                 with
                 any
                 design
                 prejudiciall
                 to
                 the
                 publick
                 wellfare
                 of
                 their
                 respective
                 Towns
                 :
                 for
                 these
                 who
                 are
                 greatest
                 sticklers
                 for
                 strengthning
                 of
                 Factions
                 and
                 promoting
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 finds
                 themselves
                 concerned
                 to
                 invite
                 these
                 to
                 Taverns
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 meetings
                 at
                 drinkings
                 and
                 collations
                 at
                 unseasonable
                 houres
                 ,
                 whereby
                 to
                 work
                 upon
                 
                 the
                 minds
                 of
                 these
                 men
                 ,
                 to
                 gain
                 their
                 votes
                 and
                 secure
                 their
                 designs
                 ,
                 without
                 considering
                 that
                 by
                 such
                 means
                 any
                 naughty
                 person
                 may
                 be
                 gotten
                 easily
                 preferred
                 to
                 the
                 most
                 deserving
                 ,
                 that
                 cannot
                 comply
                 with
                 these
                 wayes
                 or
                 the
                 humors
                 of
                 such
                 men
                 .
                 Even
                 as
                 it
                 fell
                 out
                 with
                 
                   Pub.
                   Scipio
                   Nasica
                
                 ,
                 (
                 to
                 whom
                 the
                 
                   Senate
                   of
                   Rome
                
                 for
                 his
                 many
                 notable
                 services
                 to
                 the
                 Common-Wealth
                 ,
                 had
                 given
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 
                   A
                   brave
                   and
                   most
                   Excellent
                   Man
                   ,
                
                 )
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 upon
                 the
                 list
                 to
                 be
                 Aedilis
                 ,
                 or
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Works
                 or
                 Houses
                 ,
                 taking
                 an
                 labouring
                 man
                 by
                 the
                 hand
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 found
                 very
                 hard
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 hardy
                 Craftsmen
                 uses
                 to
                 be
                 )
                 asked
                 in
                 jeast
                 ,
                 whether
                 he
                 walked
                 on
                 his
                 hands
                 or
                 feet
                 ?
                 which
                 the
                 Tradsman
                 taking
                 so
                 ill
                 ,
                 many
                 being
                 round
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 it
                 went
                 presently
                 through
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 an
                 repulse
                 to
                 that
                 excellent
                 man
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 thought
                 he
                 mocked
                 them
                 .
                 Yea
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 
                   Paulus
                   Aemilius
                
                 often
                 repulsed
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 joyn
                 :
                 And
                 was
                 not
                 that
                 brave
                 
                   Fabius
                   Maximus
                
                 repulsed
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Terentius
                   Varro
                
                 preferred
                 to
                 be
                 Consul
                 by
                 the
                 votes
                 of
                 the
                 Vulgar
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Patricii
                 or
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 but
                 come
                 of
                 the
                 Plebeian
                 sort
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 had
                 thereby
                 almost
                 ruined
                 and
                 lost
                 the
                 whole
                 Estate
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 it self
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Famous
                 Battell
                 of
                 Cannae
                 ,
                 lost
                 by
                 his
                 temerity
                 and
                 folly
                 .
              
               
               
                 Wherefore
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 work
                 worthy
                 not
                 onely
                 of
                 the
                 Councils
                 of
                 particular
                 Burghs
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 the
                 grave
                 and
                 judicious
                 Meeting
                 of
                 the
                 Convention
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Burrows
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 so
                 far
                 as
                 can
                 be
                 ,
                 this
                 bitter
                 root
                 which
                 hath
                 troubled
                 the
                 Burghs
                 of
                 these
                 Kingdoms
                 so
                 long
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 sad
                 fruits
                 .
                 The
                 Romans
                 made
                 Laws
                 against
                 it
                 ,
                 other
                 Cities
                 to
                 cure
                 it
                 ,
                 did
                 choose
                 their
                 Senators
                 and
                 Councils
                 by
                 Lot
                 ,
                 as
                 Florence
                 and
                 Sienna
                 ,
                 which
                 often
                 proves
                 dangerous
                 .
                 The
                 Venetians
                 mix
                 Lots
                 and
                 Elections
                 together
                 unto
                 this
                 day
                 ,
                 of
                 purpose
                 to
                 bear
                 down
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 whereby
                 great
                 Concord
                 is
                 preserved
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 State
                 hath
                 flowrished
                 wonderfully
                 ,
                 having
                 stood
                 above
                 eleven
                 hundred
                 Years
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 the
                 Zeal
                 of
                 these
                 Wise
                 and
                 Potent
                 Cities
                 for
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 their
                 
                   Civil
                   Liberties
                
                 be
                 such
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 care
                 they
                 take
                 in
                 their
                 Elections
                 ,
                 though
                 these
                 things
                 amongst
                 us
                 be
                 of
                 so
                 far
                 less
                 importance
                 ,
                 even
                 beyond
                 all
                 comparison
                 ;
                 yet
                 Christians
                 in
                 their
                 Sphere
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 low
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 no
                 less
                 carefull
                 to
                 bear
                 down
                 Sin
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 tender
                 of
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 which
                 suffers
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 often
                 times
                 by
                 these
                 things
                 .
              
               
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 I
                 must
                 recommend
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 thought
                 upon
                 in
                 an
                 effectual
                 way
                 ,
                 being
                 confident
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   KING
                   ,
                   Parliament
                
                 and
                 Council
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 ever
                 ready
                 to
                 ratify
                 what
                 may
                 be
                 in
                 this
                 for
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 VIII
                 .
                 Anent
                 Sloath
                 and
                 Neglect
                 in
                 Rulers
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 publick
                 Administrations
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 next
                 evil
                 a
                 carefull
                 Senate
                 and
                 faithfull
                 Rulers
                 should
                 beware
                 of
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 themselves
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 they
                 have
                 the
                 charge
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 would
                 wish
                 matters
                 go
                 well
                 ,
                 is
                 Neglect
                 and
                 Sloth
                 .
                 It
                 s
                 too
                 common
                 a
                 fault
                 amongst
                 many
                 in
                 publick
                 trust
                 ,
                 they
                 look
                 more
                 to
                 the
                 Dignity
                 then
                 Duty
                 of
                 their
                 Charge
                 ;
                 but
                 a
                 person
                 whom
                 GOD
                 hath
                 called
                 will
                 make
                 conscience
                 of
                 their
                 Imployment
                 ,
                 and
                 mind
                 their
                 business
                 ,
                 and
                 study
                 a
                 faithfull
                 discharge
                 of
                 their
                 Duty
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 Chron.
                 19.3
                 .
                 It
                 s
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 King
                 Jehosophat
                 prepared
                 his
                 heart
                 to
                 seek
                 GOD
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 he
                 seriously
                 bethought
                 himself
                 ,
                 how
                 he
                 might
                 most
                 advance
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 high
                 station
                 the
                 LORD
                 had
                 placed
                 him
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 have
                 excellent
                 fruits
                 of
                 that
                 seriousness
                 ,
                 mentioned
                 2.
                 
                 Chron.
                 17.6
                 ,
                 7
                 ,
                 8.
                 
                 And
                 2.
                 
                 Chron.
                 19.4
                 .
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 that
                 Chapter
                 .
              
               
               
                 2.
                 
                 Where
                 this
                 Sloth
                 and
                 Neglect
                 hath
                 place
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 good
                 minded
                 nor
                 acted
                 ,
                 even
                 although
                 men
                 be
                 of
                 great
                 and
                 pregnant
                 Parts
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 whereas
                 carefull
                 and
                 diligent
                 Persons
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 far
                 short
                 of
                 that
                 quickness
                 and
                 abilities
                 which
                 others
                 have
                 ,
                 yet
                 may
                 do
                 more
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 better
                 purpose
                 prosecute
                 their
                 business
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 from
                 whom
                 more
                 might
                 be
                 expected
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 s
                 reported
                 that
                 the
                 Famous
                 and
                 most
                 Eloquent
                 
                   Orator
                   Demosthenes
                
                 ,
                 had
                 no
                 great
                 promptness
                 or
                 naturall
                 parts
                 ,
                 but
                 onely
                 by
                 Pains
                 and
                 Industrie
                 ,
                 became
                 to
                 outstirpt
                 all
                 in
                 Greece
                 ;
                 yet
                 when
                 provocked
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 speak
                 nothing
                 immediatly
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 had
                 premediated
                 in
                 his
                 Nocturnall
                 Lucubrations
                 what
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 say
                 :
                 which
                 occasioned
                 Pythius
                 an
                 
                   Athenian
                   Orator
                
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   Demosthenes
                   Orations
                   did
                   smell
                   of
                   a
                   lamp
                   .
                
                 Also
                 ,
                 when
                 expediency
                 would
                 require
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 speak
                 for
                 himself
                 
                   ex
                   tempore
                   ,
                   Demades
                
                 behooved
                 to
                 plead
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 very
                 prompt
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 excell
                 all
                 others
                 in
                 an
                 extemporanean
                 discourse
                 ,
                 being
                 by
                 Nature
                 and
                 Ingyne
                 far
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 in
                 Athens
                 ,
                 tho
                 by
                 pains
                 and
                 industrie
                 Demosthenes
                 did
                 far
                 outstrip
                 them
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 falls
                 often
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 painfull
                 and
                 diligent
                 men
                 will
                 do
                 far
                 more
                 ,
                 then
                 many
                 that
                 are
                 of
                 much
                 greater
                 naturall
                 Parts
                 ;
                 for
                 care
                 and
                 diligence
                 will
                 supply
                 what
                 is
                 wanting
                 in
                 Nature
                 
                 and
                 Engine
                 :
                 on
                 the
                 contrare
                 ,
                 these
                 o●
                 sharpest
                 Wits
                 ,
                 trusting
                 to
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 their
                 Parts
                 ;
                 oftentimes
                 are
                 slothfull
                 and
                 lazie
                 while
                 they
                 remain
                 too
                 confident
                 in
                 their
                 Gifts
                 of
                 Nature
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 My
                 meaning
                 is
                 not
                 here
                 to
                 condemn
                 seasonable
                 and
                 suteable
                 divertisment
                 ,
                 for
                 I
                 know
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 man
                 is
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Spirit
                 cannot
                 alwayes
                 keep
                 upon
                 bend
                 ,
                 except
                 it
                 debilitate
                 and
                 loss
                 its
                 vigor
                 and
                 activity
                 ;
                 for
                 Nature
                 it self
                 craves
                 refreshment
                 by
                 sleep
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 travell
                 in
                 the
                 day
                 ;
                 so
                 the
                 Earth
                 ceaseth
                 to
                 bring
                 forth
                 her
                 Herbs
                 and
                 Fruits
                 at
                 all
                 Seasons
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 spared
                 be
                 the
                 cold
                 nipping
                 frosts
                 of
                 Winter
                 ,
                 returns
                 with
                 new
                 strength
                 to
                 shut
                 forth
                 her
                 tender
                 buds
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 s
                 reported
                 in
                 
                   Ecclesiastical
                   History
                
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 some
                 persons
                 came
                 to
                 see
                 
                   John
                   the
                   Apostle
                
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 Fame
                 they
                 heard
                 of
                 his
                 Holiness
                 and
                 Gravity
                 ,
                 they
                 found
                 him
                 feeding
                 a
                 Bird
                 ,
                 who
                 perceiving
                 they
                 wondred
                 some
                 what
                 at
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 disappointed
                 of
                 their
                 expectation
                 ,
                 takes
                 the
                 Bows
                 which
                 were
                 in
                 their
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 asks
                 them
                 why
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 alwayes
                 keep
                 them
                 bended
                 ?
                 They
                 answered
                 it
                 would
                 weaken
                 them
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 render
                 them
                 more
                 unfit
                 for
                 service
                 when
                 they
                 should
                 have
                 use
                 for
                 them
                 :
                 even
                 so
                 said
                 the
                 Apostle
                 ,
                 must
                 I
                 take
                 some
                 divertisment
                 ,
                 else
                 my
                 Spirits
                 should
                 fail
                 .
              
               
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Augustus
                   Caesar
                
                 having
                 changed
                 Capreae
                 for
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 Inarime
                 with
                 the
                 Neapolitans
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 retire
                 thither
                 for
                 his
                 health
                 ,
                 did
                 build
                 there
                 a
                 glorious
                 PALACE
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 for
                 honest
                 recreations
                 when
                 wearied
                 with
                 business
                 .
                 Recreations
                 are
                 not
                 onely
                 lawfull
                 but
                 expedient
                 ,
                 yea
                 sometimes
                 necessary
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 men
                 are
                 too
                 much
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 unseasonable
                 times
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 sinfull
                 and
                 very
                 unbeseeming
                 any
                 ,
                 but
                 especially
                 publick
                 persons
                 ;
                 for
                 then
                 not
                 onely
                 is
                 time
                 lost
                 ,
                 but
                 oft
                 times
                 needfull
                 and
                 weighty
                 business
                 neglected
                 ,
                 justice
                 delayed
                 ,
                 the
                 poor
                 and
                 oppressed
                 not
                 relieved
                 .
                 Even
                 as
                 Tiberius
                 abused
                 that
                 Island
                 exceedingly
                 ,
                 which
                 Augustus
                 did
                 use
                 soberly
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 went
                 thither
                 to
                 befool
                 himself
                 thorow
                 sordid
                 neglect
                 and
                 sloth
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 depart
                 from
                 Rome
                 ,
                 set
                 out
                 an
                 Edict
                 that
                 none
                 should
                 call
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Train
                 before
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 who
                 in
                 his
                 journey
                 thither
                 were
                 like
                 to
                 meet
                 him
                 ,
                 might
                 be
                 put
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 way
                 and
                 no
                 person
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 that
                 being
                 entered
                 this
                 Isle
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 lay
                 all
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Empyre
                 aside
                 :
                 whereby
                 he
                 permitted
                 Armenia
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Parthians
                   ,
                   Mysia
                
                 by
                 the
                 Dacianes
                 and
                 Sarmatianes
                 ,
                 and
                 France
                 by
                 the
                 Germans
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 disgrace
                 and
                 hazard
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Empire
                 .
                 He
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 taking
                 liberty
                 through
                 the
                 secrecy
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 guarded
                 
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 with
                 high
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 entry
                 thereto
                 but
                 a
                 narrow
                 shoar
                 ,
                 did
                 abundantly
                 and
                 freely
                 discover
                 the
                 ill
                 dissembled
                 vices
                 of
                 his
                 mind
                 :
                 And
                 with
                 
                   Pomponius
                   Flaccus
                   ,
                   L.
                   Piso
                
                 spent
                 both
                 dayes
                 and
                 nights
                 in
                 feast●ng
                 and
                 drinking
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 One
                 he
                 gave
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Syria
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 Other
                 ,
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 calling
                 these
                 his
                 most
                 joviall
                 Friends
                 and
                 Companions
                 for
                 all
                 seasons
                 .
              
               
                 His
                 greatest
                 delight
                 of
                 that
                 Isle
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 he
                 could
                 execute
                 his
                 cruelty
                 more
                 easily
                 ,
                 (
                 wherein
                 he
                 took
                 singular
                 pleasure
                 )
                 for
                 whom
                 ever
                 he
                 did
                 hate
                 ,
                 after
                 most
                 exquisite
                 and
                 long
                 torments
                 ,
                 he
                 caused
                 throw
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 Sea.
                 It
                 s
                 sad
                 when
                 the
                 lawfull
                 recreations
                 of
                 some
                 ,
                 are
                 turned
                 into
                 such
                 excess
                 by
                 others
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 become
                 their
                 shameful
                 snares
                 and
                 sins
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Demetrius
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 was
                 exceedingly
                 given
                 to
                 sluggishness
                 ,
                 and
                 delighted
                 onely
                 in
                 solitary
                 idleness
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 very
                 hard
                 and
                 difficult
                 to
                 get
                 access
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 more
                 recented
                 by
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 that
                 King
                 Philip
                 had
                 been
                 so
                 accessible
                 ,
                 that
                 any
                 might
                 have
                 got
                 audience
                 from
                 him
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 .
                 It
                 fell
                 out
                 that
                 an
                 old
                 woman
                 finding
                 the
                 King
                 not
                 busie
                 ,
                 requested
                 him
                 to
                 hear
                 her
                 graciously
                 :
                 The
                 King
                 replyed
                 somewhat
                 passionatly
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 leasure
                 to
                 hear
                 her
                 ,
                 but
                 she
                 fastning
                 her
                 eyes
                 cryed
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 a
                 King
                 
                 if
                 he
                 irked
                 to
                 hear
                 :
                 Demetrius
                 considering
                 and
                 becoming
                 more
                 mild
                 ,
                 gave
                 her
                 audience
                 at
                 great
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 her
                 business
                 and
                 sent
                 her
                 away
                 with
                 very
                 affable
                 words
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 pondered
                 the
                 words
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 woman
                 ,
                 he
                 changed
                 his
                 way
                 and
                 became
                 very
                 accessible
                 and
                 gracious
                 to
                 all
                 that
                 made
                 address
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 day
                 he
                 spent
                 in
                 hearing
                 and
                 giving
                 answers
                 ;
                 not
                 without
                 great
                 profit
                 and
                 delight
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 By
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 desire
                 a
                 due
                 diligence
                 in
                 all
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 with
                 that
                 seriousness
                 that
                 becomes
                 ,
                 not
                 excluding
                 seasonable
                 and
                 moderate
                 divertisment
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 rather
                 whet
                 then
                 blunt
                 the
                 Rational
                 Faculties
                 for
                 their
                 proper
                 exercises
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 neither
                 Magistrat
                 nor
                 Council
                 may
                 satisfie
                 themselves
                 with
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 their
                 charge
                 ,
                 nor
                 with
                 the
                 forme
                 of
                 their
                 appointed
                 dyets
                 and
                 meetings
                 :
                 but
                 labour
                 to
                 consider
                 the
                 particular
                 affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 their
                 respective
                 Charges
                 and
                 to
                 consider
                 of
                 every
                 good
                 and
                 laudable
                 Motion
                 that
                 concerneth
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 think
                 it
                 sufficient
                 to
                 approve
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 words
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 a
                 verbal
                 consent
                 ;
                 but
                 so
                 to
                 entertain
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 prosecute
                 all
                 these
                 publick
                 concernments
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 stop
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 any
                 that
                 may
                 challenge
                 them
                 of
                 neglect
                 ;
                 but
                 fully
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 answer
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 Conscience
                 towards
                 GOD
                 ,
                 before
                 whom
                 they
                 have
                 lifted
                 up
                 their
                 hands
                 
                 to
                 be
                 faithful
                 in
                 their
                 charges
                 and
                 imployments
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 And
                 here
                 I
                 judge
                 it
                 not
                 unfit
                 to
                 offer
                 it
                 to
                 consideration
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 this
                 is
                 a
                 Duty
                 of
                 persons
                 in
                 publick
                 trust
                 to
                 mind
                 their
                 own
                 Administrations
                 ;
                 so
                 it
                 were
                 worthy
                 of
                 a
                 Judicious
                 Senate
                 ,
                 that
                 would
                 advert
                 to
                 every
                 thing
                 commendable
                 in
                 a
                 Common-Wealth
                 ,
                 to
                 study
                 all
                 wayes
                 and
                 means
                 to
                 check
                 the
                 idleness
                 and
                 negligence
                 of
                 all
                 within
                 their
                 Corporation
                 :
                 especially
                 of
                 the
                 Youth
                 ,
                 whose
                 spirits
                 being
                 naturally
                 in
                 the
                 greatest
                 heat
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 fittest
                 for
                 action
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 carefully
                 keept
                 at
                 vertuous
                 Imployments
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 the
                 Favour
                 of
                 GOD
                 may
                 greatly
                 conduce
                 to
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 preservation
                 thereof
                 in
                 its
                 prosperity
                 ;
                 otherwayes
                 if
                 Idleness
                 get
                 liberty
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 activity
                 of
                 their
                 Spirits
                 will
                 vent
                 it self
                 in
                 Vice
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 onely
                 their
                 personal
                 ruine
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 decay
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 progress
                 of
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Homer
                 the
                 Famous
                 
                   Graecian
                   Poet
                
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 would
                 mock
                 and
                 jeer
                 Idlesit
                 and
                 Lazines
                 ,
                 he
                 brings
                 in
                 the
                 Cyclops
                 ,
                 or
                 Antient
                 Gyants
                 who
                 passe
                 their
                 whole
                 time
                 in
                 Idleness
                 ,
                 and
                 esteems
                 it
                 their
                 chiefest
                 happiness
                 to
                 be
                 doing
                 nothing
                 ,
                 he
                 allots
                 Lands
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 neither
                 needs
                 ploughing
                 nor
                 sowing
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 fruits
                 grow
                 there
                 naturally
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 plentifully
                 fed
                 :
                 and
                 least
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 troubled
                 with
                 the
                 meanest
                 thought
                 ,
                 he
                 commits
                 
                 all
                 care
                 to
                 the
                 Woman
                 .
                 His
                 Verses
                 are
                 rendered
                 in
                 Latine
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     Omnia
                     per
                     sese
                     nullo
                     nascuntur
                     Aratro
                     ,
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Non
                     Fora
                     ,
                     non
                     causas
                     agitant
                     non
                     sancta
                     Senatus
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Jura
                     ,
                     sed
                     in
                     celsis
                     habitantes
                     montibus
                     antra
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Et
                     puer
                     ,
                     &
                     magnis
                     de
                     rebus
                     judicat
                     uxor
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   Englished
                   thus
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     All
                     things
                     grow
                     of
                     themselves
                     without
                     the
                     pleugh
                     ,
                  
                
                 
                   
                     They
                     plead
                     no
                     causes
                     nor
                     in
                     Courts
                     do
                     sue
                     ,
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Regarding
                     not
                     the
                     Senats
                     sacred
                     Laws
                     ,
                  
                
                 
                   
                     But
                     in
                     high
                     hills
                     they
                     dwell
                     and
                     dungeon
                     caves
                  
                   :
                
                 
                   
                     They
                     to
                     their
                     wife
                     and
                     children
                     do
                     commit
                  
                
                 
                   
                     To
                     judge
                     of
                     weighty
                     things
                     ,
                     as
                     they
                     think
                     fit
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 This
                 kind
                 of
                 Idlesit
                 is
                 most
                 hatefull
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 esteemed
                 the
                 greatest
                 enemie
                 to
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 and
                 opposes
                 every
                 commendable
                 Art
                 and
                 Calling
                 :
                 and
                 because
                 it
                 abhores
                 the
                 meanest
                 care
                 ,
                 therefore
                 it
                 s
                 called
                 by
                 the
                 Antients
                 Incuria
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Graecians
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 without
                 care
                 .
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 all
                 (
                 especially
                 of
                 the
                 meanest
                 rank
                 )
                 to
                 hate
                 Idlesit
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 hath
                 three
                 evil
                 Companions
                 attending
                 it
                 ,
                 
                   Reproach
                   ,
                   Poverty
                
                 and
                 Famine
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 three
                 exceeding
                 feirce
                 destroying
                 beasts
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 But
                 though
                 I
                 was
                 saying
                 something
                 in
                 the
                 former
                 Chapter
                 against
                 unlawfull
                 hunting
                 after
                 places
                 and
                 preferment
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 but
                 take
                 occasion
                 from
                 this
                 ,
                 to
                 shew
                 such
                 a
                 fair
                 way
                 to
                 satisfie
                 their
                 desires
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 let
                 them
                 
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 the
                 word
                 :
                 Prov.
                 22.29
                 .
                 
                   Seest
                   thou
                   a
                   man
                   diligent
                   in
                   his
                   business
                   ,
                   he
                   shall
                   stand
                   before
                
                 KINGS
                 ,
                 
                   he
                   shall
                   not
                   stand
                   before
                   mean
                   men
                   .
                
                 Here
                 a
                 promise
                 of
                 Honour
                 and
                 Preferment
                 to
                 the
                 carefull
                 and
                 the
                 diligent
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 a
                 commendable
                 and
                 most
                 lawfull
                 way
                 of
                 seeking
                 preferment
                 ,
                 if
                 when
                 a
                 man
                 from
                 a
                 right
                 Principle
                 out
                 of
                 Conscience
                 of
                 Duty
                 ,
                 studies
                 a
                 sedulous
                 carefulness
                 and
                 diligence
                 in
                 all
                 he
                 is
                 called
                 to
                 go
                 about
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 contrare
                 ,
                 
                   Idleness
                   ,
                   Sloth
                
                 and
                 Laziness
                 is
                 threatned
                 with
                 difficulty
                 vexation
                 and
                 pain
                 .
                 Prov.
                 15.19
                 .
                 
                   The
                   way
                   of
                   the
                   slothfull
                   man
                   is
                   an
                   hedge
                   of
                   thorns
                   .
                
                 So
                 Prov.
                 13.4
                 .
                 
                   The
                   soul
                   of
                   the
                   sluggard
                   desireth
                   ,
                   and
                   hath
                   nothing
                   .
                   Prov.
                
                 21.35
                 .
                 
                   The
                   desire
                   of
                   the
                   slothfull
                   killeth
                   him
                   ,
                   for
                   his
                   hands
                   refuse
                   to
                   labour
                   .
                
                 See
                 Eccles.
                 10.18
                 .
                 Prov.
                 24.30.31
                 .
                 I
                 wish
                 all
                 persons
                 both
                 in
                 private
                 and
                 publick
                 imployments
                 may
                 seriously
                 mind
                 these
                 threatnings
                 ,
                 relating
                 to
                 this
                 common
                 guiltiness
                 of
                 Idleness
                 and
                 Neglect
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 But
                 for
                 the
                 incouragement
                 of
                 any
                 who
                 are
                 grieved
                 for
                 their
                 Sloth
                 ,
                 and
                 aversation
                 from
                 Pains
                 ,
                 Industry
                 and
                 Vertue
                 ;
                 I
                 shall
                 give
                 them
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 instances
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 raise
                 their
                 hopes
                 and
                 preserve
                 them
                 from
                 utter
                 despondency
                 ,
                 and
                 sinking
                 under
                 this
                 burden
                 :
                 But
                 I
                 must
                 say
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 ground
                 of
                 good
                 hope
                 ,
                 if
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 been
                 usless
                 in
                 their
                 generation
                 ,
                 either
                 through
                 a
                 naturall
                 sluggishness
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 or
                 
                 depraved
                 manners
                 ,
                 frequenting
                 loose
                 and
                 dissolute
                 company
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 far
                 come
                 to
                 themselves
                 as
                 is
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Prodigal
                   ,
                   Luke
                
                 15.17
                 .
                 To
                 reflect
                 upon
                 their
                 Folly
                 and
                 Sloth
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 become
                 weighted
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 desire
                 ,
                 as
                 Prov.
                 21.17
                 .
                 but
                 seriously
                 and
                 effectually
                 to
                 resolve
                 ,
                 to
                 set
                 a
                 work
                 after
                 Duty
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 might
                 :
                 To
                 such
                 I
                 will
                 set
                 before
                 them
                 these
                 instances
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 We
                 read
                 of
                 
                   Manlius
                   Torquatus
                
                 ,
                 son
                 to
                 
                   Lucius
                   Torquatus
                
                 ,
                 (
                 a
                 most
                 brave
                 and
                 excellent
                 Roman
                 ,
                 )
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 blunt
                 and
                 blockish
                 nature
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Father
                 did
                 appoint
                 him
                 to
                 live
                 remotly
                 in
                 the
                 Countrey
                 as
                 being
                 unfit
                 for
                 either
                 private
                 or
                 publick
                 business
                 ;
                 yet
                 notwithstanding
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 after
                 being
                 wearied
                 with
                 his
                 sluggish
                 disposition
                 ,
                 he
                 so
                 bestirred
                 himself
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 relieved
                 his
                 father
                 (
                 being
                 found
                 guilty
                 )
                 from
                 the
                 hazard
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 War
                 and
                 Victory
                 he
                 had
                 over
                 the
                 Latins
                 ,
                 he
                 obtained
                 a
                 Triumph
                 with
                 the
                 great
                 applause
                 and
                 consent
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 people
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 greater
                 corruption
                 could
                 appear
                 ,
                 then
                 in
                 
                   Fabius
                   Maximus
                
                 in
                 his
                 Youth
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 ryper
                 Years
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 nothing
                 wanting
                 in
                 him
                 that
                 could
                 be
                 for
                 compleating
                 the
                 gallantest
                 of
                 men
                 ;
                 to
                 whom
                 the
                 Surname
                 of
                 Allobrogis
                 was
                 given
                 ,
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 obtained
                 over
                 the
                 Gaulis
                 or
                 Frenches
                 by
                 his
                 particular
                 
                 care
                 and
                 conduct
                 ,
                 which
                 Surname
                 never
                 wore
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Posterity
                 .
              
               
                 Neither
                 is
                 that
                 passage
                 concerning
                 famous
                 Themistocles
                 to
                 be
                 past
                 over
                 in
                 silence
                 ,
                 whose
                 profligat
                 and
                 abominable-Life
                 was
                 so
                 despaired
                 of
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Mother
                 did
                 hang
                 her self
                 for
                 grief
                 ,
                 yet
                 afterward
                 coming
                 to
                 more
                 years
                 ,
                 he
                 attained
                 to
                 such
                 excellency
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 most
                 Eloquent
                 Cicero
                 stood
                 not
                 to
                 call
                 him
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 unworthily
                 ,
                 seeing
                 he
                 gathered
                 the
                 distressed
                 Forces
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 when
                 Xerxes
                 with
                 his
                 innumerable
                 Navy
                 began
                 to
                 burn
                 Athens
                 and
                 other
                 Towns
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 the
                 Valiant
                 Avenger
                 of
                 his
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 compelled
                 that
                 King
                 whom
                 the
                 Seas
                 seemed
                 not
                 sufficient
                 to
                 bear
                 ,
                 to
                 return
                 with
                 trembling
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Countrey
                 in
                 a
                 smal
                 fishing
                 boat
                 .
                 O
                 that
                 such
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 fruits
                 of
                 many
                 that
                 have
                 long
                 stood
                 as
                 barren
                 Plants
                 in
                 their
                 Generation
                 !
              
               
                 Let
                 all
                 that
                 are
                 sensibly
                 touched
                 with
                 a
                 deep
                 impression
                 of
                 their
                 unfruitfulness
                 and
                 usless
                 life
                 ,
                 improve
                 by
                 Faith
                 and
                 Prayer
                 ,
                 that
                 refreshing
                 Promise
                 ,
                 Psalm
                 .
                 92.12
                 ,
                 13
                 ,
                 14.
                 
                 
                   The
                   righteous
                   shall
                   flourish
                   like
                   the
                   palm-tree
                   :
                   he
                   shall
                   grow
                   like
                   the
                   cedar
                   in
                   Lebanon
                   .
                   Those
                   that
                   be
                   planted
                   in
                   the
                   house
                   of
                   the
                   LORD
                   ,
                   shall
                   flourish
                   in
                   the
                   courts
                   of
                   our
                   GOD.
                   They
                   shall
                   still
                   bring
                   forth
                   fruit
                   in
                   old
                   age
                   :
                   they
                   shall
                   be
                   fat
                   ,
                   and
                   flourishing
                   .
                
                 Now
                 the
                 LORD
                 is
                 faithfull
                 ,
                 
                   And
                   his
                   truth
                   endureth
                   for
                   ever
                   .
                   Psal.
                
                 117.2
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 IX
                 .
                 Anent
                 Envy
                 and
                 Vain-Glory
                 ,
                 being
                 both
                 Enemies
                 to
                 Vertue
                 .
              
               
                 IN
                 the
                 next
                 place
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 Counsellours
                 and
                 Citizens
                 watching
                 against
                 Envy
                 ,
                 whereby
                 a
                 man
                 grieves
                 at
                 his
                 Neighbours
                 Good
                 ,
                 Prosperity
                 and
                 Success
                 ,
                 and
                 rejoices
                 at
                 his
                 hurt
                 ;
                 or
                 when
                 any
                 cross
                 event
                 befalls
                 him
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 Common-Wealth
                 were
                 sincerely
                 aimed
                 at
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 joy
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Members
                 that
                 the
                 Body
                 were
                 well
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 were
                 blest
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 instrument
                 of
                 good
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 every
                 Ingenious
                 Person
                 that
                 hath
                 a
                 Publick
                 Spirit
                 would
                 rejoice
                 therein
                 ,
                 and
                 esteem
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 person
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 all
                 the
                 Glory
                 to
                 GOD
                 the
                 cheif
                 Author
                 thereof
                 :
                 and
                 would
                 be
                 far
                 from
                 that
                 venemous
                 disposition
                 ,
                 to
                 detract
                 ,
                 misconstruct
                 ,
                 defame
                 or
                 look
                 with
                 an
                 envyous
                 eye
                 upon
                 such
                 as
                 did
                 deserve
                 better
                 from
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 This
                 evil
                 of
                 Envy
                 rages
                 most
                 against
                 the
                 best
                 deserving
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 more
                 hatefull
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 one
                 be
                 blessed
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 instrument
                 of
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 thereof
                 ,
                 be
                 commended
                 
                 by
                 some
                 according
                 to
                 demerit
                 ,
                 this
                 stirs
                 up
                 Envy
                 in
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 occasions
                 detraction
                 and
                 misconstruction
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 deeds
                 or
                 endeavours
                 ,
                 contrare
                 to
                 the
                 rule
                 of
                 Love
                 ,
                 1.
                 
                 Cor.
                 13.4
                 5.
                 
                 
                   Charity
                   envyeth
                   not
                   ,
                   thinketh
                   no
                   evil
                   .
                
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Envy
                 hath
                 brought
                 ruine
                 to
                 many
                 Famous
                 Cities
                 and
                 Persons
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 the
                 misery
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 that
                 could
                 never
                 endure
                 to
                 see
                 one
                 Citizen
                 become
                 more
                 Famous
                 and
                 Deserving
                 beyond
                 his
                 fellow
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 but
                 either
                 he
                 was
                 killed
                 ,
                 banished
                 ,
                 forefaulted
                 of
                 his
                 Estate
                 ,
                 or
                 otherwise
                 tempted
                 to
                 put
                 hand
                 in
                 himself
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 Envy
                 that
                 was
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 that
                 moral
                 and
                 most
                 strick
                 
                   Philosopher
                   Socrates
                
                 ,
                 whom
                 ,
                 when
                 his
                 Wife
                 Xantippe
                 (
                 tho
                 a
                 most
                 perverse
                 Woman
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 been
                 a
                 daily
                 Tryall
                 to
                 the
                 Good
                 man
                 ,
                 yet
                 ,
                 )
                 when
                 she
                 saw
                 the
                 Executioner
                 reaching
                 the
                 Cup
                 of
                 Poison
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 sentenced
                 to
                 drink
                 ,
                 cryed
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   was
                   an
                   innocent
                   man
                   that
                   was
                   now
                   to
                   dye
                   .
                   Socrates
                
                 answered
                 ,
                 
                   What
                   ?
                   thinks
                   thou
                   it
                   better
                   I
                   should
                   dye
                   guilty
                
                 ?
                 What
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 other
                 Famous
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 whose
                 Glorious
                 Actions
                 both
                 in
                 Peace
                 and
                 War
                 ,
                 at
                 home
                 and
                 abroad
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 honour
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 Trophies
                 or
                 Triumphs
                 ,
                 but
                 procured
                 the
                 Punishment
                 of
                 an
                 miserable
                 Exile
                 .
              
               
                 Themistocles
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 beatten
                 Xerxes
                 in
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 delivered
                 his
                 Countrey
                 and
                 
                 all
                 Greece
                 from
                 the
                 Command
                 and
                 Tyrrannie
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 behooved
                 to
                 yeeld
                 to
                 Envy
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 rewarded
                 with
                 ten
                 Years
                 Banishment
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 excuse
                 the
                 Athenians
                 could
                 put
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 was
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 bear
                 down
                 his
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 lest
                 otherwise
                 by
                 Power
                 and
                 Glory
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 lifted
                 up
                 and
                 transgress
                 the
                 bounds
                 of
                 that
                 popular
                 equality
                 that
                 was
                 fit
                 :
                 yea
                 ,
                 they
                 permited
                 Tymocreon
                 a
                 
                   Rhodian
                   Poet
                
                 to
                 defame
                 him
                 in
                 Verse
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 accuse
                 him
                 of
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 Unjustice
                 ,
                 Wickedness
                 and
                 Perjury
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Aristides
                 who
                 by
                 Vertue
                 and
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 his
                 Actions
                 was
                 most
                 Honourable
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 his
                 Zeal
                 to
                 Justice
                 ,
                 was
                 surnamed
                 Just
                 ;
                 was
                 ejected
                 and
                 banished
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 preserved
                 ,
                 enlarged
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 so
                 great
                 Honour
                 made
                 it
                 Famous
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 was
                 going
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 he
                 lift
                 up
                 his
                 hands
                 to
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 imprecations
                 against
                 his
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 but
                 prayed
                 to
                 the
                 most
                 High
                 GOD
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 things
                 hereafter
                 might
                 befall
                 the
                 Athenians
                 so
                 happily
                 and
                 successfully
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 might
                 be
                 no
                 more
                 occasion
                 to
                 remember
                 Aristides
                 .
                 Examples
                 might
                 be
                 multiplied
                 ,
                 to
                 show
                 how
                 Envy
                 hath
                 depressed
                 many
                 excellent
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 rendered
                 them
                 uncapable
                 to
                 do
                 their
                 Countrey
                 or
                 Common-Wealth
                 service
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 But
                 because
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 thing
                 that
                 envyous
                 ones
                 most
                 desire
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 mind
                 them
                 of
                 some
                 
                 Scripturall
                 instances
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 deterr
                 them
                 from
                 so
                 base
                 a
                 Vice.
                 Let
                 such
                 consider
                 ,
                 that
                 Envy
                 is
                 a
                 disease
                 that
                 torments
                 themselves
                 ,
                 more
                 then
                 it
                 can
                 do
                 the
                 person
                 whom
                 they
                 envy
                 ;
                 Therefore
                 Antisthenes
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   that
                   as
                   rust
                   eats
                   iron
                   ,
                   so
                   does
                   envy
                   the
                   person
                   that
                   envyeth
                   .
                   Solomon
                
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   Its
                   rottenness
                   of
                   the
                   bones
                   .
                   Prov.
                
                 14.30
                 .
                 So
                 
                   David
                   ,
                   Psal.
                
                 112.10
                 .
                 speaking
                 of
                 the
                 envy
                 of
                 the
                 Wicked
                 to
                 the
                 Righteous
                 ,
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   They
                   shall
                   gnash
                   with
                   the
                   teeth
                   and
                   melt
                   away
                   .
                   Iob.
                
                 5.2
                 .
                 
                   Envy
                   slayes
                   the
                   silly
                   one
                
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 It
                 was
                 Envy
                 that
                 made
                 
                   Corah
                   ,
                   Dathan
                
                 and
                 Abiram
                 provoke
                 the
                 LORD
                 ,
                 to
                 cause
                 the
                 Earth
                 open
                 her
                 mouth
                 and
                 swallow
                 them
                 up
                 .
                 So
                 Psal.
                 106.16
                 .
                 compared
                 with
                 Num.
                 16.30
                 ,
                 31.
                 
                   verses
                   .
                   Envy
                
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 rise
                 of
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 Pharoah
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   Exod.
                
                 1.9
                 .
                 
                   Behold
                   the
                   People
                   of
                   the
                   Children
                   of
                   Israell
                   are
                   more
                   and
                   mightier
                   then
                   we
                   .
                
                 GOD
                 who
                 is
                 Love
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 pleasure
                 to
                 do
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 wellfare
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 people
                 ,
                 cannot
                 endure
                 Envy
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 would
                 approve
                 our selves
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 one
                 Spirit
                 with
                 Him
                 ,
                 we
                 would
                 not
                 envy
                 the
                 Honor
                 ,
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 Riches
                 or
                 any
                 Vertue
                 which
                 others
                 do
                 happily
                 procure
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 ever
                 Providence
                 should
                 bless
                 any
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 instrumentall
                 of
                 publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 we
                 take
                 the
                 Obligation
                 as
                 our
                 own
                 ,
                 thinking
                 our selves
                 bound
                 to
                 recent
                 it
                 as
                 done
                 to
                 our selves
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 But
                 because
                 naturally
                 the
                 Spirit
                 that
                 dwelleth
                 
                 in
                 us
                 lusteth
                 to
                 
                   Envy
                   :
                   Iames
                
                 5.5
                 .
                 all
                 persons
                 would
                 need
                 to
                 watch
                 against
                 Vain-Glory
                 and
                 Vaunting
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 would
                 wish
                 to
                 be
                 fred
                 from
                 Envy
                 ,
                 for
                 nothing
                 provokes
                 others
                 more
                 to
                 Envy
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 vanity
                 of
                 boasting
                 of
                 their
                 Vertues
                 ,
                 Worth
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 any
                 Good
                 they
                 have
                 done
                 .
                 It
                 s
                 good
                 to
                 keep
                 an
                 equality
                 and
                 carry
                 soberly
                 ,
                 not
                 permiting
                 our selves
                 to
                 be
                 blown
                 up
                 with
                 any
                 wind
                 of
                 vain
                 Conceit
                 or
                 Applause
                 from
                 others
                 ,
                 nor
                 to
                 hunt
                 after
                 it
                 .
                 Many
                 Heathens
                 have
                 given
                 eminent
                 Examples
                 of
                 Moderation
                 in
                 shunning
                 all
                 causes
                 of
                 Envy
                 ,
                 some
                 have
                 removed
                 themselves
                 from
                 their
                 
                   Native
                   Countrey
                
                 of
                 purpose
                 to
                 eschew
                 the
                 Envy
                 of
                 their
                 Citizens
                 ;
                 others
                 have
                 refused
                 Rewards
                 for
                 their
                 most
                 Notable
                 Services
                 .
                 As
                 
                   Pittacus
                   Mytelaeneus
                
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 holden
                 for
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 seven
                 Wise
                 Men
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 for
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 fred
                 his
                 Countrey
                 from
                 Tirrany
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 killed
                 Phrynon
                 the
                 
                   Athenian
                   Generall
                
                 in
                 a
                 singular
                 Combat
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Supream
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Common-Wealth
                 was
                 offered
                 to
                 him
                 he
                 refused
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 his
                 Countrey-Men
                 offered
                 him
                 great
                 and
                 large
                 Lands
                 ,
                 he
                 requested
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 give
                 him
                 what
                 many
                 would
                 envy
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 more
                 covet
                 :
                 
                   Wherefore
                   of
                   all
                   these
                
                 (
                 sayes
                 he
                 )
                 
                   I
                   will
                   have
                   no
                   more
                   ,
                   but
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   may
                   declare
                   the
                   moderation
                   of
                   my
                   Spirit
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   testimony
                   of
                   your
                   Good
                   Will
                   towards
                   me
                   ;
                   for
                   lesser
                   Gifts
                   and
                   Rewards
                   are
                   of
                   greater
                   duration
                   ,
                   and
                   great
                   things
                   are
                   scarce
                   thought
                   a
                   mans
                   own
                   .
                
                 
                 I
                 might
                 add
                 many
                 more
                 Instances
                 of
                 the
                 like
                 Sobriety
                 and
                 Moderation
                 in
                 great
                 Persons
                 from
                 several
                 Histories
                 ,
                 &
                 particularly
                 from
                 the
                 Famous
                 and
                 ever
                 to
                 be
                 Honoured
                 Common-Wealth
                 of
                 Venice
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 observed
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 very
                 little
                 personall
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 or
                 Affection
                 of
                 airie
                 Applause
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 they
                 contended
                 was
                 for
                 the
                 Good
                 of
                 their
                 Native
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Honour
                 thereof
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 admit
                 of
                 Sumptuous
                 Tombs
                 ,
                 nor
                 Magnifick
                 Statues
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Warlick
                 Ensignes
                 of
                 their
                 Glorious
                 Victories
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 up
                 as
                 the
                 lasting
                 Monuments
                 of
                 their
                 Vertuous
                 Atchievments
                 :
                 but
                 to
                 give
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 many
                 of
                 such
                 instances
                 ,
                 
                   Caspar
                   Conterenus
                
                 that
                 Noble
                 Venetian
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 description
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Venetian
                   Common-Wealth
                
                 ,
                 showes
                 for
                 proof
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Andreas
                   Contarenus
                
                 Duke
                 of
                 Venice
                 dying
                 shortly
                 after
                 that
                 most
                 remarkable
                 Overthrow
                 he
                 had
                 given
                 the
                 Genoaves
                 ,
                 prohibited
                 by
                 his
                 Latter-Will
                 that
                 no
                 Ensignes
                 or
                 Ducall
                 Coat
                 of
                 Armes
                 ,
                 neither
                 his
                 own
                 propper
                 Escotcheon
                 or
                 Name
                 should
                 be
                 engraven
                 on
                 his
                 Tomb
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 person
                 might
                 know
                 where
                 such
                 a
                 Worthy
                 and
                 Well
                 Deserving
                 Person
                 was
                 interred
                 .
                 This
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 may
                 check
                 the
                 airie
                 and
                 vain
                 Spirits
                 that
                 hunt
                 after
                 the
                 vain
                 applause
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 The
                 Apostle
                 gives
                 an
                 excellent
                 Direction
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 all
                 that
                 have
                 a
                 right
                 esteem
                 of
                 Gospel
                 Rules
                 will
                 walk
                 by
                 ,
                 )
                 Philip.
                 2.3
                 .
                 
                   Let
                   nothing
                   
                   be
                   done
                   through
                   strife
                   ,
                   or
                   vain
                   glory
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   lowlyness
                   of
                   mind
                   ,
                   let
                   each
                   esteem
                   other
                   better
                   then
                   himself
                   .
                
                 Again
                 ,
                 Gal.
                 5.26
                 .
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   not
                   be
                   desirous
                   of
                   vain
                   glory
                   ,
                   provocking
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   envying
                   one
                   another
                   .
                
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 As
                 for
                 Avarice
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 most
                 dangerous
                 and
                 destructive
                 evil
                 to
                 a
                 Common-wealth
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 gets
                 place
                 in
                 the
                 hearts
                 of
                 Rulers
                 ,
                 it
                 s
                 so
                 gross
                 a
                 Vice
                 in
                 publick
                 Persons
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 having
                 never
                 seen
                 ,
                 nor
                 known
                 any
                 prejudice
                 done
                 by
                 any
                 in
                 power
                 within
                 the
                 City
                 I
                 live
                 in
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 common
                 Treasurie
                 or
                 damnage
                 thereof
                 :
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 insist
                 on
                 it
                 ,
                 GOD
                 Himself
                 having
                 by
                 Jethro
                 given
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 speciall
                 Qualification
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 should
                 be
                 in
                 Authority
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 men
                 
                   Hating
                   Covetousness
                   ,
                   Exod.
                
                 18.21
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 having
                 touched
                 at
                 some
                 speciall
                 Evils
                 very
                 prejudiciall
                 to
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 place
                 ,
                 fall
                 to
                 speak
                 somewhat
                 of
                 the
                 particulars
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Town-Councill
                 should
                 be
                 carefull
                 to
                 cherish
                 ,
                 for
                 promoving
                 the
                 good
                 and
                 wellfare
                 of
                 their
                 Corporation
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 X.
                 Anent
                 Love
                 and
                 Concord
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 surest
                 foundation
                 of
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 City
                 or
                 Common-wealth
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 foundation
                 of
                 all
                 
                   Kingdoms
                   ,
                   Common-wealths
                   ,
                   Cityes
                   ,
                   Societies
                
                 and
                 Families
                 ,
                 is
                 LOVE
                 and
                 CONCORD
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 our
                 Lord
                 said
                 ,
                 Mat.
                 12.25
                 .
                 
                   Every
                   Kingdom
                   divided
                   against
                   it self
                   is
                   brought
                   to
                   desolation
                   ,
                   and
                   every
                   City
                   or
                   House
                   divided
                   against
                   it self
                   shall
                   not
                   stand
                   .
                
                 This
                 may
                 alone
                 suffice
                 to
                 discover
                 the
                 absolute
                 necessity
                 o●
                 Concord
                 and
                 
                   sweet
                   Harmony
                
                 in
                 a
                 City
                 and
                 Common-wealth
                 ,
                 therefore
                 have
                 I
                 chosen
                 to
                 lay
                 i●
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 only
                 and
                 sur●
                 foundation
                 of
                 a
                 happy
                 and
                 prosperous
                 City
                 .
                 For
                 what
                 is
                 the
                 Origen
                 of
                 a
                 City
                 or
                 
                   Civil
                   Society
                
                 but
                 an
                 harmonious
                 Concord
                 and
                 Agreement
                 to
                 live
                 together
                 for
                 mutuall
                 Aid
                 and
                 Assistanc●
                 in
                 all
                 common
                 Concernments
                 :
                 and
                 when
                 thi●
                 common
                 and
                 necessary
                 principle
                 is
                 forgotten
                 
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 minds
                 mostly
                 his
                 own
                 things
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 utter
                 neglect
                 of
                 the
                 common-Good
                 ;
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 People
                 and
                 Place
                 are
                 going
                 to
                 ruine
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 no
                 Age
                 since
                 the
                 World
                 was
                 ,
                 can
                 any
                 instance
                 be
                 given
                 ,
                 where
                 such
                 a
                 City
                 or
                 People
                 did
                 prosper
                 ;
                 multitudes
                 of
                 instances
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 dismall
                 presage
                 of
                 an
                 inevitable
                 destruction
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 and
                 magnificent
                 Cities
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 To
                 forbear
                 the
                 many
                 miserable
                 effects
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 first
                 view
                 are
                 obvious
                 to
                 any
                 judicious
                 beholder
                 ,
                 where
                 this
                 Vertue
                 is
                 wanting
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 instance
                 but
                 this
                 one
                 Evil
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 inevitable
                 consequent
                 thereof
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 this
                 ;
                 Every
                 motion
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 made
                 for
                 the
                 publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 though
                 with
                 demonstration
                 of
                 never
                 so
                 much
                 advantage
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 but
                 cross
                 the
                 particular
                 interest
                 of
                 any
                 Partie
                 or
                 Person
                 ,
                 yea
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 proceedeth
                 from
                 such
                 a
                 person
                 or
                 partie
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 forthwith
                 opposed
                 ,
                 crushed
                 and
                 utterly
                 husht
                 down
                 by
                 these
                 concerned
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 Witt
                 ,
                 Power
                 and
                 Moyen
                 laid
                 out
                 for
                 that
                 end
                 :
                 Whereas
                 ,
                 ●f
                 there
                 be
                 Love
                 and
                 
                   Harmonious
                   Concord
                
                 amongst
                 ●he
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 all
                 will
                 joyn
                 as
                 one-man
                 ,
                 to
                 ●romote
                 every
                 Motion
                 that
                 may
                 further
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 I
                 judge
                 it
                 a
                 chief
                 Duty
                 ly●ng
                 upon
                 all
                 in
                 Charge
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 have
                 any
                 Place
                 ●r
                 Authority
                 in
                 a
                 Common-Wealth
                 to
                 lay
                 them●elves
                 out
                 in
                 the
                 pursuit
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Benefit
                 :
                 
                 and
                 seeing
                 this
                 is
                 so
                 necessar
                 and
                 conduceable
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 a
                 Corporation
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 propose
                 these
                 few
                 means
                 that
                 may
                 contribute
                 for
                 the
                 attainment
                 and
                 preservation
                 thereof
                 when
                 attained
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 let
                 there
                 be
                 care
                 taken
                 that
                 all
                 Ranks
                 of
                 Persons
                 have
                 their
                 due
                 Liberties
                 and
                 Priviledges
                 preserved
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Rules
                 and
                 Constitutions
                 of
                 the
                 Common-Wealth
                 ;
                 for
                 incroachments
                 upon
                 these
                 have
                 caused
                 great
                 agitations
                 ,
                 yea
                 many
                 alterations
                 in
                 the
                 Governments
                 of
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 have
                 hazarded
                 the
                 ruine
                 thereof
                 ;
                 from
                 this
                 General
                 I
                 shall
                 instance
                 some
                 Particulars
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Let
                 the
                 People
                 bewar
                 ,
                 first
                 of
                 encroaching
                 upon
                 the
                 Priviledges
                 of
                 the
                 Councill
                 and
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 which
                 cannot
                 be
                 done
                 without
                 Mutinies
                 and
                 seditious
                 Meetings
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 effectuall
                 way
                 to
                 prevent
                 this
                 .
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Councill
                 be
                 very
                 tender
                 of
                 the
                 Priviledges
                 and
                 Liberties
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 to
                 do
                 nothing
                 against
                 them
                 by
                 force
                 or
                 oppression
                 .
                 Hence
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Rome
                 rose
                 up
                 against
                 the
                 Decem-viri
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 perceived
                 them
                 to
                 exercise
                 Tirranny
                 and
                 Oppression
                 under
                 the
                 covert
                 of
                 Authority
                 :
                 Therefore
                 ,
                 by
                 sedition
                 and
                 slaughter
                 they
                 were
                 thrust
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 new
                 Government
                 erected
                 .
                 So
                 also
                 the
                 Thirty
                 Praetors
                 of
                 Athens
                 (
                 whom
                 Lysander
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 had
                 set
                 up
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 with
                 Poison
                 and
                 Sword
                 destroyed
                 many
                 Famous
                 Worthie
                 Men
                 )
                 
                 were
                 destroyed
                 and
                 overturned
                 by
                 Thrasibulus
                 ,
                 which
                 Socrates
                 that
                 Divine
                 Philosopher
                 foretold
                 before
                 he
                 drank
                 that
                 deadly
                 Poisonous
                 Cup
                 at
                 their
                 Decree
                 .
                 Therefore
                 ,
                 Magistrats
                 would
                 rather
                 moderate
                 their
                 Power
                 by
                 Authority
                 ,
                 then
                 bend
                 and
                 strain
                 it
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 hight
                 .
                 Thus
                 wisely
                 Theopompus
                 did
                 bow
                 the
                 Royal
                 Authority
                 amongst
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 to
                 a
                 certain
                 mediocrity
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 setter
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 Epheri
                 from
                 amongst
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 ,
                 (
                 like
                 the
                 Tribuns
                 amongst
                 the
                 Romans
                 )
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 Taxed
                 by
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 scorn
                 :
                 
                   Thinks
                   thou
                   not
                   shame
                
                 (
                 said
                 she
                 )
                 
                   that
                   thou
                   leaves
                   thy
                   Son
                   with
                   less
                   Royal
                   Authority
                   and
                   Power
                   ,
                   then
                   thou
                   got
                   from
                   thy
                   Ancestors
                   .
                
                 He
                 answered
                 wisely
                 ,
                 
                   O
                   Woman
                   !
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   leave
                   them
                   less
                   ,
                   but
                   a
                   far
                   more
                   strong
                   and
                   lasting
                   Authority
                   .
                   Magistrats
                
                 would
                 be
                 milde
                 and
                 sober
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 severe
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Prudence
                 the
                 severall
                 caises
                 may
                 call
                 for
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Let
                 not
                 3
                 dly
                 the
                 
                   Bretheren
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 incroach
                 upon
                 the
                 just
                 Liberties
                 of
                 the
                 Trades
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 think
                 were
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 enlarged
                 for
                 the
                 encouragement
                 of
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 then
                 peremptor●ly
                 to
                 be
                 hem'd
                 in
                 :
                 where
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 but
                 small
                 prejudice
                 thereby
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Bretheren
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 great
                 benefit
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 the
                 Trades
                 might
                 be
                 engaged
                 to
                 consent
                 more
                 freely
                 and
                 cordially
                 to
                 all
                 good
                 Overtures
                 ,
                 that
                 might
                 advance
                 the
                 Publick
                 Interest
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Town
                 ;
                 therefore
                 ,
                 any
                 Favour
                 may
                 be
                 allowed
                 them
                 with
                 Publick
                 Consent
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 not
                 tend
                 to
                 set
                 them
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 stated
                 Faction
                 and
                 thereby
                 make
                 a
                 rent
                 in
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 things
                 which
                 may
                 evidence
                 the
                 good
                 Respects
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 encourage
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 Trades
                 to
                 be
                 vertuous
                 and
                 diligent
                 ,
                 ought
                 freely
                 and
                 kindly
                 to
                 be
                 condescended
                 to
                 4
                 ly
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 the
                 Trades
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 envy
                 the
                 Priviledges
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Brethren
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 ,
                 but
                 each
                 should
                 be
                 subservient
                 in
                 their
                 places
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 neither
                 of
                 them
                 seeking
                 to
                 
                   Remove
                   the
                   antient
                   Land-mark
                   which
                   their
                   Fathers
                   have
                   set
                   ,
                   Prov
                
                 22.28
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 In
                 the
                 second
                 place
                 ,
                 let
                 due
                 care
                 be
                 taken
                 to
                 suppress
                 Factions
                 and
                 all
                 factious
                 Persons
                 ,
                 which
                 hath
                 a
                 direct
                 tendency
                 to
                 Discords
                 ,
                 Hatreds
                 Emulations
                 and
                 many
                 such
                 like
                 bad
                 Vices
                 ;
                 if
                 this
                 Evil
                 were
                 seriously
                 laid
                 to
                 heart
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 means
                 that
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Prudence
                 could
                 help
                 men
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 imployed
                 and
                 improven
                 to
                 bear
                 down
                 this
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 spoke
                 somewhat
                 in
                 the
                 
                   seventh
                   Chapter
                
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 shall
                 forbear
                 it
                 now
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 In
                 the
                 third
                 place
                 ,
                 let
                 Justice
                 be
                 duely
                 administred
                 to
                 all
                 without
                 respect
                 of
                 persons
                 with
                 out
                 fead
                 or
                 favour
                 ;
                 according
                 to
                 2.
                 
                 Chron.
                 19.6
                 ,
                 7
                 I
                 but
                 name
                 this
                 ,
                 &
                 for
                 brevities
                 sake
                 forbear
                 ,
                 having
                 mentioned
                 it
                 at
                 more
                 length
                 in
                 the
                 5.
                 
                 Chap.
                 
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Let
                 fourthly
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 study
                 a
                 
                 loving
                 ,
                 discreet
                 and
                 respectfull
                 cariage
                 to
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Rank
                 in
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 LORD
                 ,
                 and
                 discountenance
                 and
                 bear
                 Testimony
                 against
                 all
                 miscariages
                 that
                 may
                 cross
                 Love
                 and
                 Concord
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 all
                 live
                 in
                 a
                 courteous
                 and
                 peaceable
                 Disposition
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 mistakes
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 readily
                 fall
                 in
                 amongst
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 let
                 every
                 one
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Relation
                 and
                 Place
                 study
                 to
                 clear
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 reconcile
                 all
                 disagreeing
                 Parties
                 ,
                 and
                 look
                 upon
                 these
                 that
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 kindle
                 discords
                 and
                 prejudices
                 amongst
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 (
                 under
                 what
                 ever
                 pretence
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 unworthy
                 to
                 live
                 in
                 civil
                 Society
                 .
                 If
                 we
                 be
                 bound
                 to
                 offices
                 of
                 Love
                 to
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 Exodus
                 23
                 45
                 ,
                 how
                 much
                 more
                 to
                 our
                 Neighbours
                 and
                 fellow
                 Citizens
                 .
                 This
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 lovely
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 GOD
                 and
                 Man
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 Psalm
                 133.1
                 .
                 &c
                 throughout
                 .
                 
                   O
                   how
                   good
                   and
                   pleasant
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   see
                   Bretheren
                   to
                   dwell
                   together
                   in
                   Unity
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 9
                 For
                 begetting
                 and
                 mantaining
                 this
                 desirable
                 Blessing
                 of
                 Love
                 and
                 Concord
                 in
                 a
                 City
                 and
                 
                   Common-Wealth
                   .
                   Fifthly
                
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 conducible
                 to
                 have
                 Societies
                 ,
                 Fellowships
                 and
                 Fraternities
                 set
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 to
                 have
                 frequent
                 Meetings
                 for
                 conference
                 about
                 such
                 Affaires
                 as
                 are
                 most
                 pertinent
                 to
                 their
                 Societies
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 good
                 there
                 were
                 commodious
                 publick
                 Houses
                 for
                 their
                 respective
                 Meetings
                 ,
                 with
                 wayes
                 set
                 down
                 and
                 setled
                 for
                 all
                 
                 Accommodations
                 convenient
                 ,
                 (
                 whereby
                 meetings
                 in
                 Taverns
                 might
                 be
                 evited
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 oftentimes
                 too
                 much
                 Money
                 lavished
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Creatures
                 too
                 much
                 abused
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 time
                 mispent
                 ,
                 )
                 where
                 ,
                 with
                 much
                 sobriety
                 and
                 mutuall
                 assistance
                 they
                 might
                 with
                 due
                 moderation
                 argue
                 and
                 debate
                 about
                 improvement
                 of
                 Traffick
                 in
                 Merchandise
                 ,
                 and
                 advancing
                 of
                 Trades
                 and
                 Arts
                 ,
                 and
                 propose
                 Overtures
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 down
                 wayes
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 as
                 need
                 should
                 require
                 ,
                 to
                 call
                 for
                 the
                 Aid
                 ,
                 Assistance
                 and
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Councill
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 these
                 Meetings
                 ,
                 care
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 that
                 no
                 motion
                 might
                 be
                 heard
                 ,
                 much
                 less
                 entertained
                 ,
                 that
                 did
                 tend
                 to
                 division
                 ,
                 just
                 irritation
                 or
                 offence
                 to
                 any
                 within
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 ;
                 but
                 let
                 all
                 have
                 one
                 eye
                 to
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 their
                 own
                 Good
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Prosperity
                 and
                 Advantage
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 
                   Incorporation
                   .
                   Bodinus
                
                 in
                 his
                 third
                 book
                 of
                 his
                 Reipublick
                 ,
                 and
                 seventh
                 chapter
                 towards
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 shewes
                 severall
                 Advantages
                 of
                 these
                 Meetings
                 and
                 Societies
                 in
                 Countries
                 and
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 in
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Languedock
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 what
                 great
                 and
                 good
                 things
                 they
                 did
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 refer
                 to
                 the
                 reader
                 to
                 peruse
                 ,
                 but
                 generally
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 much
                 good
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 to
                 the
                 whole
                 Town
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 discreetly
                 and
                 well
                 ordered
                 .
                 By
                 them
                 ,
                 all
                 abuses
                 may
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 rectified
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 defective
                 
                 supplyed
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 much
                 reformation
                 attained
                 ,
                 and
                 advantages
                 improven
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 every
                 Partie
                 and
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 
                   Love
                   ,
                   Harmony
                
                 and
                 Concord
                 attained
                 and
                 mantained
                 among
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 It
                 were
                 good
                 6
                 ly
                 .
                 and
                 very
                 expedient
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 could
                 come
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 of
                 Freedom
                 and
                 Brotherly
                 Kindness
                 ,
                 as
                 cheerfully
                 to
                 entertain
                 each
                 other
                 at
                 Table
                 ,
                 (
                 my
                 meaning
                 is
                 not
                 by
                 Feasting
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 any
                 extraordinary
                 way
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 tend
                 rather
                 to
                 a
                 prejudice
                 then
                 increase
                 of
                 Love
                 and
                 Friendshipe
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 neighbours
                 might
                 be
                 so
                 free
                 and
                 friendly
                 together
                 as
                 to
                 both
                 give
                 and
                 take
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 any
                 homely
                 fare
                 as
                 occasion
                 did
                 offer
                 .
                 )
                 Cicero
                 called
                 the
                 Table
                 ,
                 
                   Parens
                   &
                   Nutrix
                   Amicitiae
                   ,
                   The
                   Parent
                   and
                   Nurse
                   of
                   Friendship
                   .
                   Lycurgus
                
                 caused
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 eat
                 all
                 together
                 at
                 Publick
                 Tables
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 Common
                 Charges
                 .
                 The
                 Christians
                 in
                 the
                 Primitive
                 times
                 ,
                 (
                 when
                 Love
                 was
                 most
                 remarkable
                 )
                 had
                 their
                 
                   Love
                   Feasts
                
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 these
                 were
                 but
                 to
                 nourish
                 and
                 entertain
                 so
                 noble
                 and
                 necessary
                 a
                 Grace
                 ,
                 as
                 Love
                 and
                 sweet
                 Concord
                 is
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 By
                 this
                 Blessing
                 of
                 Love
                 and
                 Concord
                 ,
                 how
                 joyntlie
                 all
                 should
                 joyn
                 together
                 in
                 every
                 Overture
                 and
                 motion
                 made
                 for
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 ,
                 (
                 that
                 as
                 Prov.
                 24.26
                 .
                 
                   Every
                   man
                   should
                   kiss
                   
                   the
                   lips
                   of
                   him
                   that
                   gave
                   a
                   good
                   advice
                   ,
                
                 )
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 with
                 some
                 apparent
                 prejudice
                 to
                 our
                 own
                 particular
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 for
                 a
                 far
                 greater
                 good
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 By
                 this
                 we
                 should
                 make
                 the
                 Motto
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Burrowes
                 be
                 most
                 deservedly
                 called
                 BON-ACCORD
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 upon
                 all
                 commendable
                 and
                 Praise
                 Worthy
                 accounts
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 a
                 delight
                 to
                 all
                 to
                 live
                 together
                 ,
                 a
                 good
                 example
                 and
                 refreshment
                 to
                 strangers
                 that
                 should
                 see
                 our
                 Love
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 we
                 did
                 entertain
                 this
                 Peace
                 within
                 our
                 Walls
                 ,
                 the
                 LORD
                 would
                 add
                 that
                 inseparable
                 Blessing
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 
                   Prosperity
                   should
                   be
                   in
                   our
                   Pallaces
                   ,
                   Psal.
                
                 122.7
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 my
                 part
                 it
                 shall
                 be
                 my
                 Prayer
                 ,
                 as
                 verse
                 8.
                 
                 
                   For
                   my
                   Brethren
                   and
                   Companions
                   sakes
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   now
                   say
                   ,
                   Peace
                   be
                   within
                   thee
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   will
                   seek
                   thy
                   good
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XI
                 .
                 Anent
                 Observation
                 of
                 Laws
                 ,
                 both
                 Nationall
                 and
                 Municipall
                 .
              
               
                 THere
                 are
                 two
                 sorts
                 of
                 Laws
                 that
                 our
                 Cities
                 are
                 to
                 observe
                 ,
                 One
                 is
                 
                   Nationall
                   Laws
                
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Supream
                 Authority
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 wholl
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 these
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 
                 carefully
                 observed
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 their
                 be
                 a
                 negle●t
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 lyable
                 to
                 the
                 Penaltie
                 contained
                 in
                 the
                 Lawes
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 so
                 far
                 as
                 the
                 Law
                 is
                 just
                 and
                 praise
                 worthy
                 in
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 thro●gh
                 neglect
                 ,
                 or
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 worse
                 )
                 willfully
                 slighted
                 and
                 transgressed
                 ;
                 it
                 leaves
                 a
                 staine
                 of
                 unjustice
                 and
                 baseness
                 upon
                 the
                 guilty
                 :
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 onely
                 the
                 Reverence
                 which
                 we
                 ow
                 to
                 Authority
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Justice
                 and
                 Equity
                 of
                 the
                 Lawes
                 that
                 should
                 engage
                 all
                 good
                 Men
                 to
                 yeeld
                 Obedience
                 to
                 the
                 Statutes
                 of
                 the
                 Nation
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 asserted
                 without
                 prejudice
                 to
                 Truth
                 ,
                 as
                 these
                 that
                 are
                 best
                 acquaint
                 with
                 the
                 Lawes
                 at
                 home
                 and
                 abroad
                 knowes
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 few
                 Nations
                 (
                 if
                 any
                 )
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 better
                 Lawes
                 then
                 we
                 of
                 this
                 Nation
                 have
                 had
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 if
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 found
                 any
                 neglect
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 default
                 of
                 care
                 and
                 diligence
                 ,
                 yea
                 of
                 the
                 fidelity
                 of
                 those
                 to
                 whom
                 the
                 execution
                 of
                 them
                 is
                 committed
                 .
                 The
                 best
                 remedy
                 whereof
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 have
                 good
                 ,
                 able
                 and
                 conscientious
                 Office-bearers
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Yet
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 desire
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 understood
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 I
                 thought
                 it
                 Duty
                 implicitly
                 to
                 obey
                 all
                 Publick
                 Lawes
                 ,
                 for
                 I
                 know
                 a
                 State
                 may
                 erre
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 erred
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 a
                 Church
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 Parliaments
                 have
                 found
                 cause
                 to
                 repeall
                 and
                 nullifie
                 many
                 Acts
                 and
                 Lawes
                 made
                 by
                 former
                 Parliaments
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 caise
                 of
                 errour
                 (
                 which
                 a
                 man
                 by
                 his
                 private
                 Judgement
                 of
                 discretion
                 
                 may
                 discern
                 )
                 it
                 is
                 sin
                 to
                 obey
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 the
                 Authority
                 be
                 lawfull
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 may
                 make
                 wrong
                 Acts
                 ,
                 which
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 is
                 the
                 onely
                 Supream
                 Law-giver
                 )
                 cannot
                 be
                 lawfully
                 keeped
                 ,
                 upon
                 this
                 account
                 Israel
                 is
                 threatned
                 ,
                 Micah
                 6.16
                 .
                 
                   For
                   the
                   statutes
                   of
                   Omri
                   are
                   kept
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   works
                   of
                   the
                   house
                   of
                   Ahab
                   ,
                   and
                   ye
                   walk
                   in
                   their
                   counsels
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   should
                   make
                   thee
                   a
                   desolation
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   thereof
                   an
                   hissing
                   :
                   therefore
                   ye
                   shall
                   bear
                   the
                   reproach
                   of
                   my
                   people
                   .
                
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 caice
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 when
                 a
                 Lawfull
                 Authority
                 Acts
                 unlawfully
                 ,
                 our
                 duty
                 is
                 to
                 suffer
                 rather
                 then
                 to
                 sin
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 therefore
                 the
                 duty
                 of
                 all
                 to
                 pray
                 earnestly
                 for
                 Law-givers
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 Governed
                 of
                 GOD
                 to
                 make
                 no
                 Acts
                 but
                 what
                 are
                 good
                 and
                 observable
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 are
                 sinfull
                 may
                 be
                 repealled
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 being
                 a
                 duty
                 to
                 obey
                 sinfull
                 ordinances
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 Commandment
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 argues
                 a
                 people
                 to
                 have
                 no
                 sound
                 Principle
                 of
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 have
                 more
                 fear
                 and
                 respect
                 
                   unto
                   men
                   that
                   shall
                   die
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   the
                   sons
                   of
                   men
                   that
                   shall
                   be
                   made
                   as
                   grass
                
                 ;
                 then
                 to
                 the
                 living
                 GOD
                 ,
                 
                   who
                   hath
                   streached
                   forth
                   the
                   Heavens
                   ,
                   and
                   laid
                   the
                   foundations
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   .
                   Isa.
                
                 51.12
                 ,
                 13.
                 
                 And
                 GOD
                 in
                 his
                 Righteous
                 Judgement
                 not
                 onely
                 threatens
                 ,
                 but
                 oftentimes
                 executs
                 that
                 threatning
                 ,
                 Hos.
                 5.11
                 .
                 
                   Ephraim
                   is
                   oppressed
                   ,
                   and
                   broken
                   i●
                   judgement
                   :
                   
                   because
                   he
                   willingly
                   walked
                   after
                   the
                   commandment
                   .
                
                 It
                 s
                 no
                 strange
                 thing
                 to
                 see
                 a
                 people
                 oppressed
                 by
                 those
                 ,
                 whose
                 sinfull
                 commands
                 they
                 have
                 willingly
                 obeyed
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 other
                 kind
                 of
                 Lawes
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 punctually
                 observed
                 ,
                 are
                 Municipall
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 made
                 and
                 enacted
                 in
                 Councill
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 expediency
                 require
                 ,
                 Ratifyed
                 in
                 a
                 Publick
                 Head
                 Court
                 ,
                 by
                 consent
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Town
                 :
                 for
                 Lawes
                 of
                 greatest
                 and
                 most
                 common
                 concernment
                 ,
                 are
                 of
                 greatest
                 Authority
                 ,
                 when
                 approven
                 by
                 all
                 or
                 most
                 of
                 an
                 Incorporation
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 well
                 Governed
                 Town
                 ,
                 where
                 Lawes
                 bear
                 the
                 whole
                 sway
                 of
                 the
                 Authority
                 ,
                 when
                 neither
                 fead
                 nor
                 favour
                 ,
                 fear
                 nor
                 reward
                 prevails
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 men
                 are
                 judged
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Law
                 impartially
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 say
                 no
                 more
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 it
                 concerns
                 all
                 men
                 in
                 Councill
                 and
                 Magistracie
                 strictly
                 to
                 take
                 notice
                 ,
                 what
                 
                   Nationall
                   Lawes
                
                 are
                 most
                 to
                 be
                 observed
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 conduce
                 most
                 to
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 Honour
                 thereof
                 ,
                 and
                 carefully
                 to
                 see
                 these
                 put
                 in
                 execution
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 Lawes
                 occasionally
                 made
                 be
                 themselves
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 their
                 Predecessors
                 ,
                 for
                 advancing
                 of
                 the
                 Common
                 Good
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 be
                 observed
                 with
                 ●hat
                 veneration
                 ,
                 and
                 executed
                 with
                 that
                 dis●retion
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 most
                 becoming
                 their
                 Honour
                 ●nd
                 Gravity
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XII
                 .
                 Some
                 select
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 ,
                 anent
                 Royall-Burghs
                 and
                 the
                 Conservator
                 ,
                 and
                 anent
                 the
                 Staple
                 .
              
               
                 BEcause
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Burghs
                 may
                 probably
                 not
                 have
                 the
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 at
                 all
                 occasions
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 thought
                 it
                 not
                 amiss
                 ,
                 to
                 extract
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Abridgment
                   of
                   the
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliament
                   ,
                
                 such
                 as
                 I
                 judged
                 most
                 propper
                 to
                 be
                 known
                 by
                 all
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 caution
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 discreet
                 and
                 intelligent
                 Person
                 may
                 take
                 heed
                 to
                 distinguish
                 betwixt
                 Times
                 elder
                 and
                 latter
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 in
                 all
                 Burghs
                 there
                 be
                 eight
                 or
                 twelve
                 Persons
                 after
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 chosen
                 of
                 
                   secret
                   Councill
                
                 and
                 sworn
                 thereto
                 to
                 decide
                 matters
                 of
                 wrong
                 or
                 un-law
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 avail
                 of
                 five
                 or
                 eight
                 pounds
                 ,
                 within
                 eight
                 dayes
                 warning
                 .
                 Ja
                 ,
                 2.
                 
                 P.
                 11.
                 c.
                 46.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 no
                 man
                 in
                 Burgh
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 Man-rent
                 ,
                 nor
                 ride
                 in
                 Rowl
                 ,
                 in
                 fear
                 of
                 Weir
                 with
                 any
                 but
                 
                 the
                 KING
                 and
                 his
                 Officiars
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 
                   Lord
                   of
                   the
                   Burgh
                
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 purchase
                 no
                 Lordship
                 in
                 Oppression
                 of
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 under
                 pain
                 of
                 Confiscation
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 lives
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 KINGS
                 will.
                 Ja.
                 2.
                 
                 P.
                 14.
                 c.
                 77.
                 
                 Ja.
                 4.
                 
                 P.
                 3.
                 c.
                 34.
                 and
                 Ja.
                 5.
                 
                 P.
                 4.
                 c.
                 27
              
               
                 That
                 all
                 Merchants
                 be
                 Freemen
                 indwellers
                 in
                 
                   Burghs
                   .
                   Ja.
                
                 3.
                 
                 P.
                 2.
                 c.
                 11.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 
                   Officiars
                   in
                   Burghs
                
                 be
                 not
                 continued
                 further
                 then
                 a
                 Year
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Old-Councill
                 first
                 choise
                 the
                 New
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 both
                 Old
                 and
                 New
                 choise
                 the
                 Officiars
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 ilk
                 Craft
                 have
                 Vot
                 in
                 Election
                 of
                 Officiars
                 ,
                 by
                 one
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 be
                 the
                 Craft
                 yearly
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 no
                 Captain
                 ,
                 nor
                 Constable
                 of
                 any
                 Castle
                 may
                 bear
                 Office
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Town
                   .
                   Ja.
                
                 3.
                 
                 P.
                 5.
                 c.
                 30.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 all
                 Burghs
                 four
                 of
                 the
                 Old-Council
                 should
                 be
                 chosen
                 Yearly
                 to
                 sit
                 with
                 the
                 New
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 preceeding
                 Acts.
                 Ja.
                 3.
                 
                 P.
                 7.
                 c.
                 57.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 the
                 Election
                 of
                 
                   Officiars
                   of
                   Burghs
                
                 be
                 without
                 partiality
                 or
                 mastership
                 .
                 Ja.
                 3.
                 
                 P.
                 14.
                 c.
                 108.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 all
                 
                   Officiars
                   in
                   Burgh
                
                 be
                 changed
                 yearly
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 be
                 persons
                 useing
                 Merchandise
                 within
                 the
                 
                   Burgh
                   .
                   Ja.
                
                 4.
                 
                 P.
                 6.
                 c.
                 80.
                 
                 Honest
                 and
                 and
                 substantious
                 
                   Burgesses
                   ,
                   Merchants
                
                 and
                 In-dwellers
                 thereof
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pain
                 of
                 tinsell
                 of
                 their
                 freedom
                 who
                 does
                 in
                 the
                 contrare
                 .
                 Ja.
                 5.
                 
                 P.
                 4.
                 c.
                 26.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 none
                 be
                 capable
                 of
                 Magistracy
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 
                 any
                 other
                 office
                 within
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 except
                 Merchants
                 and
                 actuall
                 Traffickers
                 within
                 the
                 said
                 Burgh
                 allennarly
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 others
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 said
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 
                   Commissioners
                   of
                   Burghs
                   to
                   Parliaments
                
                 wear
                 such
                 decent
                 Apparel
                 in
                 all
                 solemn
                 occasions
                 as
                 his
                 MAJESTIE
                 shall
                 prescribe
                 .
                 Ja
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 20.
                 c.
                 8.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 the
                 
                   Commissioners
                   of
                   Burrowes
                
                 conveen
                 yearly
                 in
                 Ennerkeithing
                 ,
                 the
                 morn
                 after
                 
                   St.
                   James
                   day
                
                 ,
                 to
                 treat
                 about
                 the
                 wellfare
                 of
                 Merchandise
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 own
                 common
                 profit
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Burgh
                 absent
                 ,
                 to
                 pay
                 five
                 pounds
                 to
                 the
                 Coast
                 of
                 these
                 present
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 letters
                 be
                 direct
                 thereupon
                 ▪
                 Ja.
                 3.
                 
                 P.
                 14.
                 c.
                 111.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 all
                 Ships
                 ,
                 strangers
                 and
                 others
                 come
                 to
                 free
                 Burrowes
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 make
                 their
                 Merchandise
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 strangers
                 buy
                 no
                 Fish
                 but
                 salted
                 and
                 barrelled
                 ,
                 and
                 shall
                 make
                 no
                 Merchandise
                 at
                 the
                 Lewes
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 no
                 Subject
                 take
                 Ships
                 to
                 fraught
                 in
                 defraud
                 o●
                 the
                 KING
                 under
                 the
                 pain
                 of
                 tinsell
                 of
                 life
                 and
                 goods
                 ;
                 and
                 strangers
                 contraveening
                 ,
                 tyne
                 Ship
                 and
                 goods
                 .
                 Ja.
                 4.
                 
                 P.
                 1.
                 c.
                 3.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 Act
                 ratified
                 ,
                 and
                 further
                 that
                 none
                 buy
                 from
                 the
                 said
                 strangers
                 ,
                 but
                 from
                 Free-men
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Ports
                 of
                 the
                 saids
                 Burrowes
                 under
                 the
                 pain
                 of
                 escheat
                 of
                 their
                 Moveables
                 :
                 
                   Q.
                   Ma.
                   P.
                
                 6.
                 c.
                 59.
                 
                 But
                 this
                 Act
                 is
                 called
                 ,
                 an
                 Act
                 anent
                 liberty
                 of
                 Merchants
                 at
                 the
                 West-Sea
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 these
                 Acts
                 again
                 ratified
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 strangers
                 
                 neither
                 buy
                 nor
                 sell
                 any
                 Merchandise
                 but
                 at
                 free
                 Burrowes
                 and
                 with
                 Free-men
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 none
                 conduct
                 ,
                 fraught
                 ,
                 nor
                 pilote
                 any
                 stranger
                 to
                 the
                 Isles
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pain
                 of
                 tinsell
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 Lands
                 and
                 Goods
                 .
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 7.
                 c.
                 120.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 Strangers-Merchants
                 lodge
                 in
                 the
                 free
                 Burrowes
                 or
                 Principall
                 Towns
                 of
                 the
                 Ports
                 where
                 they
                 arrive
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 their
                 Hosts
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 to
                 the
                 KING
                 of
                 their
                 Goods
                 inward
                 and
                 outward
                 .
                 Ja.
                 4.
                 
                 P.
                 4.
                 c.
                 41.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 the
                 Common-Good
                 of
                 all
                 Burrowes
                 be
                 spent
                 for
                 their
                 Common
                 Profit
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 advice
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Town
                   Council
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Deacons
                   of
                   Crafts
                
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Chamberlane
                 enquire
                 into
                 this
                 yearly
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Rents
                 of
                 Burrowes
                 be
                 not
                 set
                 but
                 for
                 three
                 years
                 allennarly
                 ,
                 under
                 pain
                 of
                 nullity
                 .
                 Ja.
                 4.
                 
                 P.
                 3.
                 c.
                 36.
                 
              
               
                 Ratification
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Priviledges
                   of
                   Burrowes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 none
                 dwell
                 out
                 of
                 Burrowes
                 ,
                 use
                 Merchandise
                 ,
                 nor
                 tap
                 ,
                 nor
                 sell
                 
                   Wine
                   ,
                   Wax
                   ,
                   Silk
                   ,
                   Spycerie
                   ,
                   Wad
                   ,
                
                 nor
                 sicklike
                 Stuff
                 ,
                 nor
                 Stapple-Goods
                 ,
                 nor
                 pack
                 nor
                 peil
                 in
                 Leith
                 or
                 other
                 places
                 outwith
                 Burrowes
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pain
                 of
                 escheat
                 of
                 the
                 Goods
                 .
                 Ja.
                 4.
                 
                 P.
                 6.
                 c.
                 84.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 Commissars
                 or
                 Head-men
                 of
                 Burghs
                 be
                 warned
                 to
                 the
                 giving
                 of
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 three
                 Estates
                 .
                 
                   Ibid.
                   c
                
                 88.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 
                   Magistrats
                   of
                   Burghs
                
                 bring
                 yearly
                 to
                 the
                 Exchequer
                 ,
                 their
                 Count-Books
                 of
                 their
                 Common
                 Good
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pain
                 of
                 tinsell
                 of
                 their
                 
                 freedom
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 fifteen
                 dayes
                 before
                 ,
                 they
                 warn
                 all
                 that
                 pleases
                 to
                 come
                 and
                 object
                 against
                 their
                 accounts
                 .
                 Ja.
                 5.
                 
                 P.
                 4.
                 c.
                 26.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 no
                 
                   Earl
                   ,
                   Lord
                   ,
                   Barron
                
                 ,
                 nor
                 others
                 molest
                 Burrowes
                 ,
                 their
                 Officiars
                 or
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 in
                 using
                 their
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pain
                 of
                 oppression
                 .
                 
                   Ibid.
                   c.
                
                 27.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 no
                 man
                 pack
                 nor
                 peil
                 
                   Wool
                   ,
                   Skin
                
                 or
                 Hide
                 or
                 loss
                 nor
                 laid
                 outwith
                 from
                 Burghs
                 and
                 Priviledges
                 thereof
                 .
                 Ja.
                 5.
                 
                 P.
                 7.
                 c.
                 107.
                 
              
               
                 Item
                 ,
                 That
                 no
                 persons
                 strangers
                 or
                 inhabitants
                 within
                 the
                 Realm
                 ,
                 pack
                 or
                 peil
                 any
                 hides
                 or
                 skins
                 in
                 the
                 Isles
                 out
                 free
                 Burghs
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pain
                 of
                 tinsell
                 of
                 the
                 saids
                 hides
                 or
                 skins
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Sheriffs
                 and
                 Over-lords
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 where
                 the
                 same
                 is
                 done
                 ,
                 are
                 ordained
                 to
                 put
                 the
                 Act
                 in
                 execution
                 .
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 23.
                 c.
                 12.
                 
              
               
                 He
                 that
                 tines
                 the
                 cause
                 within
                 Burgh
                 payeth
                 the
                 winners
                 expense
                 .
                 Ja.
                 5.
                 
                 P.
                 7.
                 c.
                 110.
                 
                 And
                 also
                 ,
                 12
                 
                   pennies
                   per
                   pound
                
                 to
                 the
                 poor
                 .
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 6.
                 c.
                 92.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 the
                 
                   Officiars
                   of
                   Burghs
                
                 have
                 the
                 onely
                 power
                 to
                 punish
                 Forstalers
                 within
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 Ja
                 5.
                 
                 P.
                 7.
                 c.
                 113.
                 
                 Renewed
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 accusing
                 (
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 negligence
                 of
                 Burrowes
                 )
                 given
                 also
                 to
                 the
                 Thesaurer
                 ,
                 or
                 his
                 MAJESTIES
                 
                   Advocat
                   .
                   Ja.
                
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 12.
                 c.
                 148.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 Burrowes
                 have
                 an
                 universal
                 Weight
                 .
                 Ja.
                 5.
                 
                 P.
                 7
                 c.
                 114.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 the
                 Officiars
                 in
                 Burghs
                 search
                 and
                 apprehend
                 
                 all
                 havers
                 of
                 false
                 Money
                 ,
                 or
                 counterfitters
                 of
                 the
                 KINGS
                 Irons
                 for
                 coynzie
                 .
                 
                   Ibid.
                   c.
                
                 124.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 
                   Magistrats
                   of
                   Burghs
                
                 cause
                 
                   Deacons
                   ,
                   Craftsmen
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Hostlers
                 ,
                 set
                 and
                 take
                 reasonable
                 prices
                 for
                 their
                 Work
                 and
                 Victuals
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 deprive
                 them
                 of
                 their
                 Office
                 and
                 Priviledge
                 .
                 
                   Q.
                   Ma.
                   P.
                
                 5.
                 c.
                 23.
                 
              
               
                 Ratification
                 of
                 the
                 Priviledges
                 of
                 Burrowes
                 and
                 Burgesses
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Letters
                 be
                 directed
                 upon
                 their
                 Priviledges
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 made
                 thereupon
                 ,
                 without
                 calling
                 any
                 Partie
                 .
                 
                   Q.
                   Ma.
                   P.
                
                 6.
                 c.
                 49.
                 
                 P.
                 9.
                 c.
                 86.
                 
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 1.
                 c.
                 26.
                 
                 P.
                 5.
                 c.
                 64.
                 
                 P.
                 6.
                 c.
                 85.
                 
                 And
                 P.
                 19.
                 c.
                 5.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 all
                 common
                 high
                 Gates
                 to
                 and
                 from
                 Free-Burrowes
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 and
                 from
                 Dry-Burrowes
                 ,
                 from
                 and
                 to
                 Sea-Ports
                 next
                 adjacent
                 ,
                 be
                 keept
                 and
                 no
                 stop
                 made
                 thereuntill
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pain
                 of
                 Oppression
                 .
                 
                   Q.
                   Ma.
                
                 P.
                 6.
                 c.
                 53.
                 
              
               
                 Ratified
                 ,
                 and
                 ordaining
                 such
                 as
                 shall
                 stop
                 or
                 impede
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 charged
                 summarily
                 on
                 six
                 dayes
                 before
                 the
                 
                   Lords
                   of
                   Session
                
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 onely
                 Judges
                 thereto
                 appointed
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 decerned
                 to
                 have
                 done
                 wrong
                 and
                 to
                 desist
                 ,
                 and
                 find
                 caution
                 for
                 that
                 effect
                 ,
                 under
                 such
                 pains
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 modified
                 ,
                 half
                 to
                 the
                 KING
                 ,
                 half
                 to
                 the
                 partie
                 grieved
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 probation
                 to
                 be
                 by
                 Famous
                 Witnesses
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 by
                 an
                 assize
                 .
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 12.
                 c.
                 156.
                 
              
               
               
                 Act
                 in
                 favours
                 of
                 Burrowes
                 of
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 discharging
                 unwarrantable
                 exactions
                 of
                 Fishers
                 in
                 Lochfyne
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 Lochs
                 of
                 the
                 Isles
                 ;
                 by
                 bringing
                 their
                 Fishes
                 within
                 this
                 Realm
                 for
                 serving
                 the
                 countrey
                 allennarly
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pain
                 of
                 oppression
                 .
                 
                   Q.
                   Ma.
                
                 P.
                 6.
                 c.
                 54.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 none
                 make
                 privy
                 Convention
                 ,
                 put
                 on
                 Armour
                 ,
                 display
                 Banners
                 ,
                 sound
                 Trumpet
                 or
                 Talbron
                 within
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 QUEEN
                 or
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 license
                 ,
                 under
                 pain
                 of
                 death
                 .
                 
                   Q.
                   Ma.
                
                 P.
                 9.
                 c.
                 83.
                 
              
               
                 Ratified
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 none
                 convocate
                 or
                 assemble
                 within
                 Burgh
                 except
                 they
                 have
                 license
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 do
                 nothing
                 in
                 their
                 Meeting
                 against
                 the
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 ,
                 and
                 quiet
                 of
                 the
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 the
                 saids
                 Meetings
                 are
                 declared
                 seditious
                 .
                 Item
                 ,
                 All
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 ordained
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 their
                 Officiars
                 for
                 suppressing
                 of
                 tumults
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pain
                 to
                 be
                 punished
                 by
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Councill
                 of
                 the
                 Burgh
                 as
                 fosterers
                 of
                 the
                 saids
                 tumults
                 .
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 18.
                 c.
                 17.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 the
                 Burrowes
                 may
                 meet
                 four
                 times
                 In
                 the
                 year
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Commissioner
                 for
                 ilk
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 for
                 Edinburgh
                 ,
                 at
                 what
                 Burgh
                 they
                 please
                 ;
                 for
                 matters
                 concerning
                 their
                 State.
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 5
                 c.
                 64.
                 
              
               
                 Ratified
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Burgh
                 not
                 keeping
                 the
                 Convention
                 when
                 appointed
                 by
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 ,
                 o●
                 by
                 the
                 Burgh
                 of
                 Edinburgh
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 six
                 or
                 eight
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 :
                 and
                 warned
                 by
                 a
                 Missive
                 from
                 the
                 
                 Provest
                 ,
                 and
                 Bailies
                 of
                 the
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Convention
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 held
                 or
                 otherwise
                 lawfully
                 cited
                 ;
                 be
                 fined
                 in
                 twenty
                 Pounds
                 towards
                 the
                 Charges
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 meet
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 on
                 the
                 
                   Act
                   of
                   Convention
                   ,
                   Letters
                   of
                   Horning
                   and
                   Poinding
                
                 be
                 summarily
                 direct
                 at
                 the
                 instance
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Burgh
                   of
                   Edinburgh
                
                 for
                 payment
                 of
                 this
                 Fine
                 .
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 7.
                 c.
                 119.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 the
                 
                   Taxation
                   of
                   Burrowes
                
                 be
                 not
                 altered
                 ,
                 but
                 stand
                 as
                 formerly
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 be
                 the
                 sixth
                 part
                 allennarly
                 of
                 all
                 generall
                 
                   Taxations
                   .
                   Ja.
                
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 11.
                 c.
                 111.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 no
                 
                   Free
                   Burgh
                
                 sell
                 or
                 annailzie
                 their
                 Freedom
                 in
                 whole
                 or
                 in
                 part
                 to
                 any
                 other
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 wayes
                 ;
                 without
                 license
                 of
                 his
                 HIGHNES
                 and
                 
                   three
                   Estates
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pain
                 of
                 tinsell
                 of
                 Freedom
                 of
                 the
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 either
                 buying
                 or
                 selling
                 .
                 
                   Ibid.
                   c.
                
                 112.
                 
              
               
                 Act
                 ratifying
                 all
                 former
                 Acts
                 of
                 new
                 statuting
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 exercise
                 Merchandise
                 not
                 being
                 
                   Free
                   Burgesses
                
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pain
                 of
                 escheat
                 of
                 their
                 whole
                 Moveables
                 ,
                 half
                 to
                 the
                 KING
                 ,
                 and
                 half
                 ●o
                 the
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 whose
                 Commissioner
                 shall
                 apprehend
                 the
                 same
                 ;
                 but
                 prejudice
                 to
                 Landed-men
                 ●o
                 have
                 some
                 Merchandise
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 use
                 and
                 ●ehoofe
                 ,
                 provyding
                 they
                 sell
                 not
                 the
                 same
                 again
                 .
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 12.
                 c.
                 152.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 all
                 Inhabitants
                 in
                 Burghs
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 ●e
                 admitted
                 Burgesses
                 or
                 not
                 ,
                 exercising
                 Traffick
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 having
                 change
                 within
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 bear
                 their
                 part
                 of
                 all
                 
                   Taxes
                   ,
                   Stents
                   ,
                   Watchings
                   ,
                   Wardings
                
                 and
                 all
                 Duties
                 and
                 Services
                 touching
                 the
                 KING
                 or
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 without
                 respect
                 to
                 any
                 priviledge
                 granted
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 be
                 granted
                 ,
                 except
                 that
                 the
                 KING
                 may
                 exeem
                 one
                 of
                 ilk
                 Craft
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 Service
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 prejudice
                 to
                 the
                 members
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Colledge
                   of
                   Justice
                   .
                   Ibid.
                   c.
                
                 153.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 there
                 be
                 three
                 Burghs
                 bigged
                 ,
                 One
                 in
                 Kintyre
                 ,
                 another
                 in
                 Lochaber
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 third
                 in
                 Lewes
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 Priviledges
                 of
                 
                   Burghs
                   .
                   Ja.
                
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 15.
                 c.
                 263.
                 
                 See
                 the
                 Act
                 in
                 the
                 Highlands
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 exercise
                 of
                 Crafts
                 in
                 the
                 Suburbs
                 of
                 Burrowes
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 their
                 Officiars
                 may
                 intromit
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 escheat
                 all
                 work
                 wrought
                 or
                 working
                 there
                 ,
                 to
                 whomsoever
                 the
                 materials
                 may
                 appertain
                 .
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 12.
                 c.
                 154.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 thir
                 two
                 Acts
                 ratified
                 ,
                 extending
                 the
                 former
                 to
                 Free
                 and
                 Unfree
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 their
                 Commodity
                 within
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 no
                 other
                 dwelling
                 ,
                 and
                 bearing
                 no
                 other
                 burden
                 without
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 14.
                 c.
                 225.
                 
                 But
                 declared
                 thus
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 residing
                 within
                 Burgh
                 with
                 their
                 families
                 ,
                 who
                 may
                 spend
                 a
                 hundred
                 Pounds
                 a
                 Year
                 ,
                 or
                 are
                 stented
                 to
                 be
                 worth
                 two
                 thousand
                 merks
                 ,
                 be
                 subject
                 to
                 burdens
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 exeeming
                 and
                 excepting
                 
                   ut
                   supra
                   .
                   Ja
                
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 15.
                 c
                 275.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 all
                 unfree
                 persons
                 ,
                 not
                 actuall
                 Burgesses
                 
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Royall
                   Burrowes
                
                 where
                 they
                 dwell
                 ,
                 and
                 payes
                 no
                 Taxt
                 nor
                 Stent
                 ,
                 desist
                 and
                 cease
                 from
                 using
                 Merchandise
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Liberties
                 of
                 the
                 saids
                 Burghs
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pains
                 statute
                 against
                 
                   unfree
                   Traffecters
                
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 
                   Letters
                   of
                   Horning
                
                 be
                 thereon
                 direct
                 ,
                 charging
                 the
                 said
                 unfree
                 men
                 to
                 find
                 caution
                 to
                 obey
                 this
                 Act
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Decreets
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Convention
                   of
                   Burrowes
                
                 ,
                 betwixt
                 Burgh
                 and
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 and
                 Burgesses
                 and
                 
                   Free
                   Burrowes
                
                 upon
                 ten
                 dayes
                 .
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 19.
                 c.
                 6
              
               
                 That
                 
                   Letters
                   of
                   Horning
                
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 simple
                 charge
                 of
                 ten
                 dayes
                 be
                 direct
                 on
                 all
                 Decreets
                 of
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Burrowes
                   ,
                   inter
                   Concives
                   ,
                
                 and
                 others
                 subject
                 to
                 their
                 Jurisdiction
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Officiars
                 execution
                 thereof
                 given
                 on
                 fyfteen
                 dayes
                 .
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 13.
                 c.
                 177.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 the
                 Common
                 Good
                 of
                 Burrowes
                 after
                 the
                 yearly
                 rowping
                 and
                 setting
                 thereof
                 ,
                 be
                 yearly
                 bestowed
                 at
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Councill
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 doing
                 of
                 the
                 Common
                 Affaires
                 thereof
                 .
                 
                   Ibid.
                   c.
                
                 181.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 instance
                 of
                 the
                 Heritors
                 ,
                 take
                 summar
                 cognition
                 upon
                 citation
                 of
                 the
                 partie
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 condition
                 of
                 Bands
                 Lyferented
                 within
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 and
                 ordain
                 the
                 Liferenter
                 to
                 repair
                 them
                 within
                 an
                 Year
                 ;
                 wherein
                 if
                 the
                 Liferenter
                 failzie
                 ,
                 the
                 Heritor
                 may
                 enter
                 to
                 the
                 possession
                 ,
                 upon
                 security
                 found
                 to
                 pay
                 the
                 Liferenter
                 or
                 Conjunctfier
                 the
                 mail
                 the
                 house
                 may
                 
                 give
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 cognition
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 extended
                 to
                 all
                 burnt
                 and
                 wast
                 lands
                 .
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 14
                 c.
                 226.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 Burghs
                 and
                 their
                 Stent-masters
                 do
                 onely
                 Stent
                 persons
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 rents
                 and
                 holding
                 within
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 livings
                 and
                 rents
                 lying
                 without
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 15.
                 c.
                 276.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Ratification
                   of
                   all
                   Priviledges
                   and
                   Acts
                   in
                   favours
                   of
                   free
                   Burrowes
                   and
                   Burgesses
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   of
                   the
                   Acts
                   of
                   Ja.
                
                 3.
                 
                 P.
                 2.
                 c.
                 11.
                 
                 Ja.
                 4.
                 
                 P.
                 6.
                 c.
                 84.
                 
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 12.
                 c.
                 151.
                 
                 And
                 P.
                 19.
                 c.
                 6.
                 
                 All
                 here
                 above
                 declaring
                 the
                 Liberties
                 contained
                 in
                 these
                 Acts
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 onely
                 proper
                 and
                 competent
                 to
                 the
                 free
                 Royal-Burghs
                 that
                 have
                 Vote
                 in
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 and
                 bear
                 burden
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 Car.
                 1.
                 
                 P.
                 1.
                 c.
                 24.
                 
                 But
                 this
                 Act
                 corrected
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 ordained
                 ,
                 that
                 Free-men
                 of
                 Royall-Burrowes
                 ,
                 and
                 none
                 else
                 ,
                 may
                 buy
                 or
                 sell
                 in
                 great
                 or
                 whole
                 sale
                 ,
                 
                   Wine
                   ,
                   Wax
                   ,
                   Silk
                   ,
                   Spyceries
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Wad
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 materials
                 for
                 dyeing
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 none
                 may
                 import
                 or
                 export
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 or
                 import
                 any
                 other
                 Commodities
                 except
                 as
                 thi●
                 Act
                 allowes
                 ,
                 but
                 prejudice
                 to
                 
                   Noblemen
                   ,
                   Prelates
                   ,
                   Barrons
                
                 and
                 others
                 of
                 their
                 Priviledge
                 o●
                 importing
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 use
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 is
                 declared
                 leasome
                 to
                 any
                 Subject
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 who
                 shal●
                 buy
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 export
                 Corns
                 of
                 the
                 growth
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 
                   Cattell
                   ,
                   Nolt●
                   Sheep
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Horse
                   ;
                   Coal
                   ,
                   Salt
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Wool
                   ,
                   Ski●
                
                 ▪
                 
                 and
                 Hydes
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 
                   Native
                   Commodities
                
                 .
                 And
                 
                   Burghs
                   of
                   Regality
                
                 and
                 Barrony
                 and
                 other
                 Burgesses
                 and
                 members
                 of
                 Societies
                 ,
                 may
                 export
                 all
                 their
                 own
                 Manufacture
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 Goods
                 as
                 they
                 shall
                 buy
                 in
                 Faires
                 and
                 Markets
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 these
                 Exporters
                 may
                 import
                 for
                 their
                 return
                 or
                 fraught
                 and
                 hyre
                 of
                 their
                 
                   Ships
                   ,
                   Timber
                   ,
                   Iron
                   ,
                   Tarr
                   ,
                   Soap
                   ,
                   Lint
                   ,
                   Lintseed
                   ,
                   Hemp
                   ,
                   Onyons
                
                 and
                 necessaries
                 for
                 Tillage
                 ,
                 or
                 building
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 their
                 Manufactories
                 and
                 also
                 may
                 tax
                 and
                 retail
                 all
                 commodities
                 whatsomever
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 any
                 unfree-men
                 shall
                 be
                 found
                 to
                 have
                 any
                 Goods
                 to
                 be
                 bought
                 or
                 sold
                 ,
                 exported
                 or
                 imported
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 this
                 Statute
                 ,
                 if
                 within
                 
                   Burgh
                   Royall
                
                 ,
                 Suburbs
                 or
                 Pendicles
                 thereof
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 Goods
                 may
                 be
                 summarily
                 ceised
                 upon
                 as
                 escheat
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 without
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 onely
                 arreasted
                 and
                 pursued
                 as
                 escheat
                 ,
                 half
                 to
                 the
                 KING
                 ,
                 and
                 half
                 to
                 the
                 Burgh-apprehender
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 may
                 not
                 onely
                 in
                 this
                 last
                 call
                 be
                 summarly
                 ceised
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 fact
                 by
                 any
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pain
                 of
                 a
                 riot
                 .
                 And
                 all
                 Acts
                 and
                 Ratifications
                 contrary
                 thereto
                 are
                 rescinded
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Letters
                   of
                   Horning
                
                 are
                 ordained
                 to
                 be
                 direct
                 on
                 this
                 Act
                 at
                 the
                 instance
                 of
                 
                   Burghs
                   Royall
                   .
                   Car.
                
                 2
                 P.
                 2.
                 
                 Sess.
                 3.
                 c.
                 5.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 where
                 houses
                 are
                 ruinous
                 within
                 Burgh
                 by
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 three
                 years
                 ,
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 may
                 warn
                 these
                 known
                 to
                 have
                 interest
                 therein
                 of
                 property
                 or
                 anuallrent
                 personally
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 their
                 
                 dwelling
                 houses
                 ,
                 and
                 them
                 and
                 all
                 others
                 at
                 the
                 Parish
                 Kirk
                 and
                 Mercat
                 Cross
                 ,
                 and
                 incaice
                 of
                 absence
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Realm
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Cross
                 of
                 Edinburgh
                 ,
                 and
                 Pier
                 and
                 
                   Shoar
                   of
                   Lieth
                
                 on
                 sixty
                 dayes
                 ,
                 to
                 repair
                 them
                 within
                 year
                 and
                 day
                 ,
                 or
                 otherwise
                 that
                 They
                 will
                 repair
                 them
                 within
                 the
                 said
                 space
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 none
                 will
                 buy
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 may
                 buy
                 and
                 rebuild
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 right
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 unquestionable
                 security
                 to
                 the
                 builders
                 .
                 Car.
                 2.
                 
                 P.
                 1.
                 
                 Sess.
                 3.
                 c.
                 6.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 no
                 
                   Royall
                   Burgh
                
                 keep
                 Mercats
                 on
                 Munday
                 or
                 
                   Saturday
                   .
                   Car
                
                 2
                 P.
                 1.
                 
                 Sess.
                 3.
                 c.
                 19.
                 
              
               
                 Burgesses
                 and
                 Indwellers
                 in
                 
                   Burghs
                   Royal
                
                 may
                 onely
                 arreast
                 Strangers
                 living
                 without
                 the
                 Burgh
                 for
                 horse-meat
                 or
                 
                   mans-meat
                   ,
                   abuilziements
                
                 or
                 other
                 Merchandise
                 due
                 to
                 themselves
                 originally
                 ,
                 without
                 Bond
                 or
                 security
                 given
                 thereof
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 may
                 be
                 pursued
                 for
                 wrongous
                 imprisonment
                 .
                 Car.
                 2.
                 
                 P.
                 2.
                 
                 Sess.
                 3.
                 c.
                 5.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliament
                   anent
                   the
                   Conservator
                   .
                
                 
                   THat
                   the
                   Conservator
                   have
                   jurisdiction
                   to
                   judge
                   with
                   six
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   four
                   honest
                   Merchants
                   with
                   him
                   ,
                   betwixt
                   Merchant
                   and
                   Merchant
                   beyond
                   Seas
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   no
                   Merchant
                   pursue
                   another
                   before
                   any
                   other
                   Judge
                   under
                   the
                   pain
                   of
                   five
                   Pounds
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   parties
                   expense●
                   Ja.
                   4.
                   
                   P.
                   6.
                   c.
                   81.
                   
                
                 
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Conservator
                   come
                   home
                   yearly
                   ,
                   or
                   send
                   a
                   Procurator
                   to
                   answere
                   for
                   him
                   ,
                   under
                   pain
                   of
                   tinsell
                   of
                   his
                   Office
                   and
                   of
                   twenty
                   pounds
                   great
                   to
                   the
                   KING
                   .
                   
                     Ibid.
                     c.
                  
                   82.
                   
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Conservator
                   admit
                   no
                   Cocket
                   except
                   the
                   
                     Merchants
                     ,
                     Skipper
                  
                   and
                   Factors
                   swear
                   that
                   they
                   have
                   no
                   forbidden
                   Goods
                   ,
                   nor
                   no
                   lawfull
                   Goods
                   besides
                   what
                   is
                   in
                   the
                   Cocket
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   they
                   know
                   of
                   none
                   in
                   the
                   Ship
                   pertaining
                   to
                   others
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   so
                   far
                   as
                   they
                   know
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Goods
                   pertain
                   to
                   Free-men
                   :
                   As
                   also
                   ,
                   that
                   before
                   the
                   loadning
                   of
                   the
                   Ship
                   for
                   her
                   return
                   ,
                   they
                   swear
                   that
                   the
                   Goods
                   pertain
                   to
                   themselves
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   to
                   Strangers
                   ;
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   the
                   Conservator
                   may
                   arreast
                   the
                   Ship
                   and
                   Goods
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   all
                   the
                   Goods
                   of
                   the
                   refuser
                   .
                   Ja.
                   6.
                   
                   P.
                   15.
                   c.
                   257.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Conservator
                   should
                   put
                   the
                   Acts
                   against
                   Usurie
                   in
                   execution
                   upon
                   all
                   
                     Scots
                     Merchants
                     ,
                     Skippers
                  
                   and
                   Factors
                   in
                   the
                   Low-countries
                   ,
                   and
                   compt
                   thereupon
                   to
                   the
                   
                     Thesaurer
                     .
                     Ibid.
                     c.
                  
                   259.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   Acts
                   anent
                   the
                   Staple
                   .
                
                 
                   THat
                   an
                   Incorporation
                   be
                   made
                   of
                   Scots
                   in
                   the
                   Low-countries
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Priviledges
                   ,
                   ordaining
                   the
                   Scots
                   residing
                   there
                   ,
                   and
                   pretending
                   to
                   the
                   saids
                   Priviledges
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   their
                   Oath
                   of
                   obedience
                   to
                   the
                   KING
                   and
                   his
                   Laws
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   dwelling
                   in
                   Scotland
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   they
                   pay
                   for
                   their
                   entries
                   ten
                   Pounds
                   Fleemish
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   the
                   persons
                   refusers
                   to
                   be
                   deprived
                   of
                   all
                   benefite
                   or
                   commerce
                   with
                   his
                   HIGHNES
                   
                     Liedges
                     .
                     Ja.
                  
                   6.
                   
                   P.
                   6.
                   c.
                   96.
                   
                
                 
                   That
                   no
                   Ships
                   passing
                   to
                   the
                   Low-countries
                   land
                   any
                   mans
                   Goods
                   but
                   at
                   Campvere
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   ordinary
                   Staple
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   no
                   person
                   go
                   on
                   land
                   ,
                   or
                   take
                   any
                   thing
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Ship
                   untill
                   her
                   arrivall
                   there
                   ,
                   under
                   the
                   pain
                   of
                   ten
                   pound
                   Fleemish
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Conservator
                   should
                   take
                   the
                   Merchants
                   and
                   Skippers
                   Oathes
                   thereanent
                   .
                   Ja.
                   6.
                   
                   P.
                   15.
                   c.
                   258.
                   
                
                 
                   That
                   Merchants
                   coming
                   from
                   the
                   Low-countries
                   ,
                   give
                   to
                   the
                   Conservator
                   an
                   account
                   of
                   the
                   quantity
                   and
                   quality
                   of
                   the
                   Goods
                   ,
                   under
                   the
                   pain
                   of
                   confiscation
                   thereof
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   a
                   subscribed
                   Cocket
                   thereof
                   be
                   sent
                   home
                   to
                   the
                   
                     Thesaurer
                     .
                     Ibid.
                     c.
                  
                   260.
                   
                
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIII
                 .
                 Concerning
                 some
                 Means
                 in
                 generall
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 a
                 Burgh
                 may
                 flowrish
                 .
              
               
                 IT
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 a
                 faithfull
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 vigilant
                 Rulers
                 over
                 a
                 City
                 and
                 Common-wealth
                 ,
                 seriously
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 by
                 what
                 means
                 a
                 Town
                 may
                 most
                 flowrish
                 ,
                 
                 grow
                 in
                 Greatness
                 ,
                 prosper
                 in
                 Riches
                 ,
                 and
                 increase
                 in
                 Numerous
                 and
                 Vertuous
                 Inhabitants
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 name
                 some
                 of
                 these
                 .
                 1.
                 
                 Religion
                 was
                 a
                 mean
                 whereby
                 Jerusalem
                 was
                 not
                 onely
                 made
                 head
                 of
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 greatest
                 in
                 all
                 Asia
                 ,
                 because
                 all
                 the
                 Males
                 behooved
                 to
                 appear
                 there
                 thrise
                 a
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 was
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 the
                 LORD
                 ,
                 there
                 the
                 High
                 Priest
                 and
                 all
                 solemn
                 Oblations
                 and
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 hence
                 it
                 was
                 called
                 the
                 
                   Holy
                   City
                
                 :
                 but
                 now
                 there
                 are
                 no
                 places
                 that
                 have
                 any
                 Holiness
                 in
                 them
                 under
                 the
                 Gospel
                 ,
                 Joh.
                 4.21
                 ,
                 22.
                 
                 For
                 GOD
                 may
                 be
                 Worshiped
                 every
                 where
                 ,
                 and
                 any
                 where
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 in
                 Spirit
                 and
                 in
                 Truth
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 any
                 Religious
                 Concernment
                 that
                 might
                 more
                 greaten
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 nor
                 be
                 a
                 more
                 attractive
                 motive
                 for
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 any
                 Principle
                 ruling
                 in
                 them
                 of
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 then
                 a
                 Holy
                 People
                 .
                 Isa.
                 4.3
                 .
                 and
                 60.21
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 a
                 City
                 generally
                 did
                 walk
                 so
                 Christianly
                 and
                 so
                 Sweetly
                 together
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 Gospell
                 Rules
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 give
                 evidence
                 of
                 the
                 fullfilling
                 these
                 blessed
                 Promises
                 ,
                 Isa.
                 1.25
                 26.
                 upon
                 which
                 account
                 a
                 Town
                 might
                 be
                 justly
                 termed
                 a
                 
                   City
                   of
                   Righteousness
                   ,
                   the
                   Faithfull
                   City
                   ,
                
                 this
                 was
                 a
                 sure
                 foundation
                 of
                 all
                 true
                 Prosperity
                 and
                 Greatness
                 ,
                 therefore
                 let
                 all
                 profane
                 and
                 ungodly
                 persons
                 be
                 esteemed
                 the
                 chiefest
                 enemies
                 to
                 a
                 Cities
                 wellfare
                 and
                 the
                 Pious
                 and
                 truely
                 Godly
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Jewells
                 and
                 Blessing
                 thereof
                 .
              
               
               
                 A
                 2
                 d.
                 mean
                 of
                 making
                 a
                 Town
                 flowrish
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 dilligent
                 care
                 to
                 have
                 Trade
                 and
                 Merchandise
                 thriving
                 by
                 all
                 due
                 encouragement
                 thereunto
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 endeavour
                 (
                 if
                 possible
                 )
                 to
                 have
                 some
                 distinct
                 and
                 particular
                 Commoditie
                 to
                 be
                 exported
                 or
                 imported
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 other
                 neighbour
                 Town
                 hath
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 usefull
                 Manufacture
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 place
                 of
                 the
                 Nati●●
                 :
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 not
                 so
                 good
                 or
                 cheap
                 .
                 It
                 we●●
                 a
                 desireable
                 thing
                 in
                 Scotland
                 to
                 see
                 every
                 Town
                 to
                 improve
                 their
                 Situation●
                 ,
                 and
                 soyle
                 their
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 Lochs
                 ,
                 Trades
                 ,
                 Arts
                 and
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 word
                 their
                 particular
                 properties
                 and
                 advantages
                 by
                 industrie
                 ,
                 that
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 might
                 be
                 found
                 to
                 have
                 some
                 special
                 and
                 distinct
                 commodity
                 to
                 vent
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 great
                 benefit
                 and
                 their
                 Countries
                 service
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 3
                 d.
                 mean
                 is
                 to
                 cherish
                 Industry
                 ,
                 and
                 Arts
                 and
                 Handy-crafts
                 ,
                 See
                 Botero
                 on
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 Cities
                 ,
                 Pag.
                 84.
                 and
                 to
                 procure
                 excellent
                 Wits
                 and
                 Persons
                 of
                 eminent
                 Qualifications
                 for
                 that
                 end
                 .
              
               
                 4
                 ly
                 .
                 The
                 erecting
                 and
                 maintaining
                 Schools
                 of
                 Learning
                 ,
                 and
                 Professors
                 of
                 all
                 usefull
                 and
                 commendable
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 draw
                 the
                 Youth
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey
                 to
                 be
                 bred
                 in
                 Cities
                 and
                 Towns
                 in
                 doing
                 whereof
                 ,
                 speciall
                 care
                 would
                 be
                 had
                 that
                 strict
                 Laws
                 and
                 Orders
                 might
                 be
                 set
                 down
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 and
                 quiet
                 behaviour
                 of
                 the
                 Students
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 duly
                 execute
                 by
                 faithful
                 Masters
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 carefull
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 that
                 Parents
                 and
                 Relations
                 may
                 send
                 their
                 Children
                 thither
                 in
                 a
                 measure
                 of
                 confidence
                 and
                 security
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 be
                 preserved
                 in
                 Peace
                 .
              
               
                 5
                 ly
                 .
                 Inviting
                 by
                 immunities
                 from
                 Taxes
                 and
                 Tolls
                 all
                 that
                 have
                 any
                 commodities
                 to
                 sell
                 ,
                 to
                 frequent
                 Mercats
                 and
                 great
                 Faires
                 within
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 need
                 to
                 be
                 procured
                 from
                 the
                 KING
                 and
                 Parliament
                 for
                 that
                 end
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 a
                 Town
                 may
                 have
                 severall
                 advantages
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 Taxes
                 were
                 quited
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 very
                 low
                 .
                 As
                 
                   Monethly
                   Mercats
                
                 in
                 every
                 great
                 Town
                 ,
                 for
                 Horse
                 and
                 Oxen
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Countrey
                 may
                 be
                 served
                 at
                 all
                 seasons
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Burgh
                 be
                 benifited
                 by
                 the
                 change
                 that
                 the
                 Countrey
                 People
                 should
                 make
                 .
              
               
                 6
                 ly
                 .
                 That
                 all
                 the
                 Judicatories
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 had
                 be
                 set
                 up
                 within
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 whereby
                 the
                 Subjects
                 may
                 have
                 occasion
                 to
                 make
                 frequent
                 resort
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 .
              
               
                 7
                 ly
                 .
                 To
                 endeavour
                 to
                 order
                 well
                 all
                 necessaries
                 for
                 Food
                 and
                 Fireing
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 keeping
                 and
                 mantaining
                 Families
                 within
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 may
                 be
                 encouraged
                 to
                 buy
                 and
                 build
                 Houses
                 in
                 Towns
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 undoubtedly
                 contribute
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 Prospering
                 of
                 Trades
                 and
                 Arts
                 in
                 a
                 Town
                 by
                 their
                 change
                 ,
                 and
                 greatly
                 enlarge
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 8
                 ly
                 .
                 If
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 speciall
                 Blessing
                 of
                 Nature
                 in
                 or
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 for
                 
                 pleasure
                 or
                 profit
                 to
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 same
                 may
                 be
                 published
                 and
                 set
                 forth
                 with
                 the
                 best
                 advantages
                 ,
                 for
                 inviting
                 the
                 concurse
                 of
                 Strangers
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   the
                   Waters
                   of
                   Bath
                   in
                   England
                   ,
                
                 the
                 
                   Medicinall
                   Wells
                   and
                   Fountaine
                   at
                   Spa
                   in
                   Germany
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Orges
                   in
                   France
                
                 ;
                 and
                 
                   that
                   health
                   giving
                   Spring
                   for
                   Gravel
                   ,
                   Gout
                   ,
                   Hydropsie
                   and
                   Collick
                   at
                   Aberdeen
                   ,
                
                 being
                 drunk
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 
                   Dr.
                   William
                   Barclay
                
                 his
                 printed
                 prescriptions
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 Summer-Moneths
                 .
                 Or
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 notable
                 or
                 curious
                 device
                 invented
                 ,
                 or
                 illustrated
                 by
                 Art
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 adorn
                 or
                 ennoble
                 a
                 Town
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 will
                 influence
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 concur
                 to
                 advance
                 it
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 former
                 means
                 have
                 been
                 drawn
                 from
                 profit
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 ,
                 that
                 pleasure
                 hath
                 been
                 a
                 special
                 mean
                 to
                 draw
                 Strangers
                 to
                 a
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 this
                 ,
              
               
                 9
                 ly
                 .
                 Curious
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 fruitfull
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 in
                 ,
                 or
                 about
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 so
                 so
                 placed
                 as
                 may
                 most
                 beautify
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 no
                 less
                 profitable
                 then
                 pleasant
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   Omne
                   tulit
                   punctum
                   qui
                   miscuit
                   utile
                   dulci.
                   
                
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 place
                 enlarge
                 upon
                 some
                 of
                 these
                 in
                 particular
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 fourth-Chapter
                 I
                 did
                 treat
                 of
                 Religion
                 at
                 some
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 shall
                 not
                 therefore
                 insist
                 now
                 ,
                 but
                 regrate
                 that
                 Superstition
                 hath
                 served
                 to
                 greaten
                 more
                 Towns
                 in
                 many
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 
                 true
                 fear
                 of
                 GOD
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 love
                 that
                 should
                 be
                 amongst
                 Christians
                 .
                 Witness
                 Rome
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 so
                 much
                 frequented
                 upon
                 the
                 imagination
                 of
                 her
                 pretended
                 
                   holy
                   places
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   false
                   relicts
                   of
                   Saints
                   departed
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   the
                   supream
                   Authority
                   of
                   her
                   Ecclesiastical
                   Affairs
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   her
                   Judaick
                   Jubilies
                
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 and
                 many
                 more
                 such
                 like
                 Impostures
                 ,
                 she
                 hath
                 made
                 
                   many
                   Nations
                   drunk
                   with
                   the
                   Wine
                   of
                   her
                   Fornications
                   and
                   Whoredomes
                   ,
                
                 and
                 thereby
                 keeps
                 her self
                 in
                 such
                 greatness
                 ,
                 
                   till
                   the
                   LORD
                   by
                   powring
                   out
                   the
                   vialls
                   Rev.
                
                 16.
                 
                   burn
                   and
                   consume
                   that
                   seat
                   of
                   the
                   Beast
                   .
                
              
               
                 Many
                 other
                 Cities
                 and
                 Towns
                 are
                 also
                 greatly
                 frequented
                 upon
                 superstitious
                 Accounts
                 by
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Loretto
                   in
                   Italy
                   ,
                   S
                   Michael
                   in
                   France
                   ,
                   Compostella
                   in
                   Spain
                   ,
                
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 places
                 altho
                 rough
                 and
                 almost
                 inaccessible
                 .
                 But
                 now
                 when
                 Light
                 hath
                 discovered
                 these
                 Antichristian-Delusions
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 we
                 should
                 study
                 upon
                 more
                 Christian
                 Accounts
                 ,
                 to
                 invite
                 Strangers
                 (
                 as
                 was
                 said
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 this
                 Chapter
                 )
                 by
                 being
                 through
                 divine
                 Grace
                 a
                 holy
                 People
                 ,
                 living
                 in
                 the
                 true
                 fear
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 love
                 to
                 his
                 holy
                 Image
                 ,
                 where
                 ever
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 by
                 an
                 holy
                 and
                 blameless
                 Conversation
                 .
                 Though
                 there
                 be
                 a
                 difference
                 in
                 Judgement
                 in
                 most
                 Cities
                 now
                 in
                 Brittain
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 our
                 care
                 to
                 love
                 all
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 seek
                 thee
                 good
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 if
                 so
                 be
                 the
                 LORD
                 may
                 bring
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 Himself
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 acknowledgement
                 of
                 the
                 Truth
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 walk
                 according
                 to
                 that
                 rule
                 ,
                 Phillip
                 .
                 3.15
                 16.
                 
                 This
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 sutable
                 to
                 Christian
                 Charity
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 meekness
                 and
                 moderation
                 that
                 becometh
                 the
                 Gospell
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 conducible
                 to
                 the
                 greatning
                 of
                 a
                 City
                 and
                 Common-wealth
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIV
                 .
                 Concerning
                 Merchandising
                 .
              
               
                 HAving
                 touched
                 some
                 Generalls
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 prosperity
                 of
                 a
                 Town
                 in
                 the
                 
                   last
                   Chapter
                
                 ,
                 I
                 come
                 now
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 more
                 particularly
                 at
                 some
                 more
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 first
                 is
                 Merchandising
                 .
              
               
                 Rulers
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 speciall
                 care
                 to
                 give
                 all
                 due
                 encouragement
                 to
                 Trading
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 thought
                 upon
                 ,
                 for
                 by
                 it
                 a
                 Burgh
                 is
                 mostly
                 distinguished
                 from
                 a
                 Countrey-Village
                 ;
                 rather
                 then
                 by
                 strong
                 Walls
                 or
                 Fortifications
                 as
                 some
                 distinguish
                 ,
                 without
                 Trade
                 a
                 Town
                 were
                 little
                 better
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 Traffick
                 is
                 the
                 very
                 essence
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 it
                 the
                 Being
                 and
                 Vitalls
                 of
                 a
                 Burgh
                 or
                 City
                 is
                 mantained
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 It
                 therefore
                 concerneth
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 
                 Councill
                 to
                 assist
                 ,
                 yea
                 ,
                 to
                 own
                 as
                 their
                 propper
                 Concernment
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Intetests
                 that
                 may
                 impare
                 or
                 prejudge
                 the
                 Traffick
                 in
                 all
                 Staple-Commodities
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 
                   Supream
                   Authority
                
                 makes
                 any
                 Act
                 ,
                 or
                 are
                 like
                 to
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 may
                 damnify
                 the
                 same
                 ;
                 as
                 in
                 highting
                 Customs
                 or
                 Bulzeon
                 :
                 These
                 things
                 would
                 be
                 adverted
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 opportunities
                 carefully
                 attended
                 when
                 matters
                 of
                 that
                 nature
                 may
                 be
                 best
                 helped
                 ,
                 especially
                 at
                 Parliaments
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 necessity
                 to
                 make
                 choise
                 of
                 understanding
                 ,
                 able
                 and
                 active
                 men
                 to
                 be
                 Commissioners
                 at
                 such
                 times
                 ,
                 otherwayes
                 it
                 may
                 fall
                 out
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 that
                 possibly
                 cannot
                 be
                 gotten
                 helped
                 in
                 an
                 Age.
                 
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 It
                 were
                 good
                 to
                 look
                 well
                 upon
                 all
                 these
                 wayes
                 whereby
                 Trade
                 is
                 prejudiced
                 amongst
                 our selves
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 take
                 condign
                 order
                 with
                 Fore●allers
                 of
                 Mercats
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 raisers
                 and
                 highters
                 of
                 the
                 prices
                 of
                 common
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 that
                 studie
                 to
                 enhance
                 one
                 particular
                 Commoditie
                 in
                 their
                 hands
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 sell
                 and
                 oppress
                 others
                 at
                 their
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 more
                 wayes
                 which
                 others
                 can
                 more
                 easily
                 fall
                 upon
                 that
                 are
                 better
                 acquainted
                 nor
                 I
                 am
                 with
                 the
                 like
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 It
                 were
                 very
                 commendable
                 for
                 all
                 that
                 have
                 charge
                 in
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 look
                 to
                 these
                 particulars
                 above
                 mentioned
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 be
                 carefull
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 and
                 his
                 Councill
                 of
                 Assessors
                 (
                 to
                 whom
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 propper
                 )
                 may
                 set
                 themselves
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 best
                 
                 Overtures
                 for
                 removing
                 of
                 impediments
                 ,
                 and
                 advancing
                 all
                 means
                 that
                 may
                 make
                 every
                 Trade
                 whether
                 of
                 
                   Scottish
                   Commodities
                
                 outward
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 
                   Forraign
                   Commodities
                
                 as
                 are
                 brought
                 homeward
                 to
                 prosper
                 and
                 flowrish
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 Councill
                 after
                 mature
                 deliberation
                 had
                 ;
                 that
                 the
                 means
                 be
                 propper
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 be
                 practised
                 without
                 the
                 breach
                 of
                 any
                 duty
                 to
                 the
                 setled
                 Laws
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 may
                 put
                 to
                 their
                 Authority
                 and
                 so
                 effectually
                 prosecute
                 the
                 samen
                 that
                 no
                 covetous
                 or
                 selfish
                 stickler
                 (
                 that
                 may
                 possibly
                 find
                 himself
                 hem'd
                 in
                 from
                 his
                 avaricious
                 and
                 greedy
                 way
                 )
                 may
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 gainstand
                 what
                 the
                 Councill
                 hath
                 enacted
                 for
                 the
                 Good
                 and
                 Prosperity
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Merchants
                 in
                 common
              
               
                 Hobbs
                 in
                 his
                 2
                 
                   d.
                   part
                   of
                   his
                   Rudiments
                   of
                   Dominion
                   ,
                
                 sayes
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   every
                   Society
                   of
                   men
                   that
                   live
                   in
                   a
                   Corporation
                   together
                   ,
                   intending
                   the
                   Publick
                   Good
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   would
                   not
                   rest
                   upon
                   a
                   bare
                   consent
                   to
                   prosecute
                   that
                   ,
                   and
                   unless
                   there
                   be
                   restraints
                   for
                   fear
                   of
                   punishments
                   on
                   those
                   that
                   out
                   of
                   selfish
                   ends
                   &c
                   would
                   obstruct
                   the
                   Wee
                   ll
                   of
                   the
                   Publick
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   all
                   mens
                   particular
                   Wills
                   must
                   run
                   in
                   the
                   Will
                   of
                   the
                   Councill
                   ,
                   or
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   the
                   
                     Governours
                     ,
                     viz.
                  
                   the
                   major
                   part
                   thereof
                   .
                
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 .
                 I
                 will
                 not
                 take
                 upon
                 me
                 to
                 mention
                 any
                 particular
                 ways
                 how
                 Traffick
                 may
                 be
                 
                 advanced
                 in
                 Towns
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 more
                 propper
                 for
                 a
                 
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild
                   Court
                
                 (
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 needfull
                 to
                 be
                 alwayes
                 of
                 the
                 ablest
                 and
                 most
                 judicious
                 of
                 the
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 of
                 most
                 publick
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 )
                 yet
                 it
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 amiss
                 to
                 offer
                 these
                 things
                 to
                 consideration
                 .
              
               
                 Consider
                 to
                 what
                 good
                 improvement
                 one
                 man
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 in
                 my
                 time
                 )
                 did
                 bring
                 the
                 
                   Manufacture
                   of
                   Stockings
                   ,
                   viz.
                
                 G.
                 P.
                 
                   in
                   Aberdeen
                
                 ,
                 whereby
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Trade
                 in
                 some
                 measure
                 keeped
                 up
                 not
                 onely
                 with
                 Merchants
                 at
                 the
                 South
                 and
                 West
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 with
                 severals
                 that
                 carie
                 them
                 both
                 to
                 England
                 and
                 Ireland
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 one
                 man
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 private
                 Industrie
                 ,
                 did
                 bring
                 the
                 Countrey
                 People
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 perfection
                 in
                 good
                 Stockings
                 ,
                 what
                 may
                 a
                 Corporation
                 do
                 ,
                 if
                 a
                 serious
                 care
                 were
                 had
                 for
                 such
                 improvements
                 in
                 this
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 things
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 Seeing
                 we
                 have
                 Commodities
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 Nation
                 sufficient
                 to
                 bring
                 us
                 home
                 all
                 necessaries
                 from
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   Holland
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Nations
                 on
                 the
                 Baltick-Sea
                 ,
                 to
                 serve
                 our
                 Towns
                 and
                 Countries
                 about
                 us
                 ,
                 onely
                 we
                 have
                 little
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 to
                 send
                 to
                 London
                 ,
                 and
                 our
                 Neighbour-Nation
                 of
                 England
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 ,
                 such
                 of
                 our
                 Nation
                 as
                 travel
                 thither
                 ,
                 are
                 constrained
                 to
                 ca●ry
                 in
                 Money
                 to
                 their
                 great
                 expense
                 and
                 hazard
                 ,
                 ●or
                 to
                 draw
                 Money
                 upon
                 Bill
                 at
                 a
                 dear
                 rate
                 .
                 To
                 prevent
                 this
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 shall
                 please
                 the
                 LORD
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 hath
                 in
                 his
                 good
                 Providence
                 united
                 both
                 
                 Nations
                 under
                 one
                 KING
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 in
                 one
                 
                   Protestant
                   Religion
                
                 and
                 Language
                 ,
                 )
                 to
                 take
                 off
                 these
                 Acts
                 which
                 are
                 made
                 to
                 obstruct
                 the
                 mutuall
                 Freedom
                 and
                 Trade
                 betwixt
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 make
                 up
                 a
                 compleat
                 Union
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 were
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 wished
                 )
                 it
                 were
                 most
                 expedient
                 to
                 consider
                 what
                 Commodities
                 we
                 have
                 in
                 our
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 that
                 would
                 go
                 best
                 off
                 there
                 ,
                 as
                 our
                 
                   Linning-Cloath
                   ,
                   Linning-Yairne
                   ,
                   Stockings
                
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 and
                 syzes
                 ,
                 
                   Furrs
                   ,
                   Feathers
                   &c
                
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 things
                 as
                 active
                 Merchants
                 might
                 easily
                 find
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 need
                 to
                 keep
                 a
                 good
                 Correspondence
                 at
                 London
                 ,
                 seeing
                 the
                 Merchants
                 there
                 Traffeck
                 with
                 both
                 the
                 Indies
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 places
                 where
                 the
                 Netherlanders
                 Trade
                 in
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 :
                 it
                 is
                 probable
                 that
                 our
                 Commodities
                 might
                 in
                 some
                 progress
                 of
                 time
                 make
                 a
                 good
                 Mercat
                 there
                 also
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XV.
                 Concerning
                 some
                 General
                 Overtures
                 for
                 improvement
                 of
                 Trade
                 ,
                 mostly
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Chief
                 Rulers
                 of
                 the
                 KINGDOM
                 .
              
               
                 BUt
                 seeing
                 I
                 have
                 been
                 recommending
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 Merchandise
                 to
                 the
                 Rulers
                 and
                 Councils
                 of
                 our
                 Cities
                 and
                 
                   Burghs
                   ,
                   Merchandise
                
                 being
                 an
                 imployment
                 
                 whereby
                 not
                 onely
                 Burghs
                 ,
                 but
                 Kingdoms
                 and
                 Common-wealths
                 doeth
                 mostly
                 prosper
                 and
                 flowrish
                 ,
                 if
                 well
                 and
                 rightly
                 improven
                 ,
                 therefore
                 it
                 not
                 onely
                 concerns
                 the
                 Merchants
                 of
                 the
                 Burghs
                 to
                 endeavour
                 the
                 advancement
                 and
                 improvment
                 of
                 Trade
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 due
                 submission
                 it
                 is
                 conceived
                 ,
                 the
                 Powers
                 and
                 Rulers
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 may
                 lay
                 themselves
                 out
                 seriously
                 to
                 encourage
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 speciall
                 concernment
                 lying
                 upon
                 them
                 to
                 promove
                 ,
                 seeing
                 it
                 mostly
                 advances
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Nation
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 decay
                 thereof
                 tends
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 prejudice
                 .
              
               
                 Therefore
                 First
                 ,
                 It
                 is
                 humbly
                 to
                 be
                 wished
                 ,
                 that
                 our
                 Rulers
                 would
                 take
                 speciall
                 care
                 and
                 make
                 diligent
                 enquiry
                 by
                 the
                 Custom-Books
                 and
                 other
                 evidences
                 that
                 are
                 propper
                 ,
                 to
                 know
                 whether
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 or
                 Common-wealth
                 be
                 losers
                 or
                 gainers
                 by
                 their
                 Trade
                 ,
                 by
                 casting
                 the
                 ballance
                 betwixt
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 the
                 Goods
                 imported
                 into
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Goods
                 exported
                 Yearly
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 a
                 greater
                 importation
                 then
                 there
                 was
                 of
                 exportation
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 so
                 much
                 loss
                 to
                 the
                 Nation
                 by
                 how
                 much
                 the
                 importation
                 exceeds
                 the
                 exportation
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 superplus
                 beyond
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 the
                 Goods
                 exported
                 exhausts
                 so
                 much
                 Money
                 which
                 is
                 drawn
                 forth
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 pay
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 gradually
                 if
                 the
                 super
                 expense
                 continue
                 ,
                 the
                 Trade
                 and
                 Nation
                 must
                 come
                 to
                 ruine
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Second
                 mean
                 of
                 improvement
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 our
                 
                 Rulers
                 would
                 be
                 pleased
                 to
                 take
                 a
                 speciall
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Coine
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 Nation
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 
                   Foreign
                   Coine
                
                 imported
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Money
                 payed
                 in
                 by
                 the
                 Merchants
                 for
                 Bullion
                 may
                 be
                 imployed
                 for
                 buying
                 of
                 Bullion
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Mint-house
                 lose
                 not
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 the
                 mixture
                 which
                 they
                 must
                 needs
                 lose
                 if
                 they
                 melt
                 
                   Forraign
                   Coine
                
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Third
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 would
                 take
                 care
                 that
                 the
                 Princes
                 and
                 States
                 of
                 
                   Forraign
                   Nations
                
                 may
                 grant
                 Favour
                 that
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 impositions
                 laid
                 on
                 upon
                 the
                 product
                 of
                 our
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 whereby
                 to
                 debar
                 us
                 from
                 Trade
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 Denmark
                 and
                 Norway
                 may
                 not
                 obstruct
                 the
                 Trade
                 of
                 our
                 
                   Victuall
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
              
               
                 A
                 Fourth
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 be
                 an
                 encouragment
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 Fishing
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 
                   Code
                   ,
                   Herring
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Whale-Fishing
                 ,
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 exportation
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Goods
                 to
                 be
                 imported
                 by
                 the
                 Money
                 that
                 is
                 purchassed
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 ;
                 and
                 withall
                 ,
                 that
                 Strangers
                 may
                 be
                 debarred
                 from
                 having
                 the
                 advantage
                 that
                 is
                 more
                 propperly
                 due
                 to
                 the
                 Natives
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 that
                 the
                 Governours
                 of
                 our
                 North-Isles
                 are
                 more
                 kind
                 and
                 favourable
                 to
                 the
                 Hamburgers
                 then
                 to
                 our
                 own
                 Natives
                 ,
                 in
                 selling
                 their
                 Fishes
                 to
                 them
                 rather
                 then
                 to
                 our
                 own
                 Countrey-men
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Fifth
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 speciall
                 notice
                 may
                 be
                 taken
                 how
                 to
                 improve
                 the
                 naturall
                 product
                 of
                 our
                 Land
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 
                   Coal
                   ,
                   Salt
                
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 kind
                 of
                 
                   Grain
                   
                   Wool
                   ,
                   Hyde
                   ,
                   Tallow
                   ,
                   Skins
                   ,
                   Linning-cloath
                   ,
                   Plaiding
                   ,
                   Fingrams
                   ,
                   Stockings
                   ,
                   Salmond
                   ,
                   Herring
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 As
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 Coal
                 and
                 Salt
                 may
                 be
                 appointed
                 to
                 be
                 transported
                 to
                 the
                 propper
                 Ports
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 thought
                 most
                 fit
                 ,
                 where
                 men
                 may
                 be
                 appointed
                 as
                 Factors
                 to
                 have
                 care
                 thereof
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 exporters
                 be
                 not
                 necessitated
                 to
                 sell
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 fallen
                 Mercats
                 ,
                 since
                 they
                 are
                 Commodities
                 that
                 may
                 wait
                 for
                 a
                 better
                 Mercat
                 without
                 loss
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 such
                 as
                 cannot
                 be
                 wanted
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 As
                 to
                 Corne
                 and
                 Grain
                 ,
                 that
                 care
                 may
                 be
                 had
                 as
                 is
                 said
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Third
                   Mean
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Paragraph
                 foresaid
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 As
                 for
                 Skins
                 and
                 Hydes
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 had
                 access
                 to
                 American-Plantations
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 a
                 liberty
                 could
                 be
                 procured
                 to
                 a
                 Select
                 Company
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 others
                 to
                 have
                 Trade
                 there
                 but
                 they
                 ,
                 then
                 Skin
                 and
                 Hyde
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 good
                 Commodity
                 ,
                 being
                 well
                 Tanned
                 or
                 Barked
                 ,
                 or
                 made
                 in
                 Shoes
                 ;
                 which
                 would
                 not
                 onely
                 tend
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 profit
                 of
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 but
                 would
                 occasion
                 many
                 Trades-men
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 on
                 work
                 at
                 home
                 in
                 our
                 own
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 seeing
                 we
                 have
                 attained
                 to
                 a
                 good
                 perfection
                 both
                 in
                 
                   Barking
                   ,
                   Tanning
                
                 and
                 Currying
                 .
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 As
                 for
                 Wool
                 it
                 needs
                 not
                 be
                 exported
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 if
                 our
                 Manufacturies
                 at
                 home
                 were
                 carefully
                 looked
                 to
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 we
                 have
                 few
                 or
                 no
                 select
                 Manufacturies
                 in
                 this
                 Land
                 ,
                 yet
                 
                 we
                 can
                 improve
                 the
                 whole
                 Wool
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 better
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 sell
                 cheaper
                 abroad
                 then
                 any
                 
                   Forraign
                   Manufacture
                
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 can
                 afford
                 it
                 ,
                 particularly
                 upon
                 
                   Plaidings
                   ,
                   Fingrams
                
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 kind
                 of
                 raw-Cloaths
                 ;
                 in
                 respect
                 saving
                 of
                 Charges
                 is
                 the
                 life
                 of
                 all
                 Manufactures
                 ,
                 for
                 particular
                 select
                 Manufactures
                 must
                 have
                 servants
                 well
                 appointed
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 bedding
                 and
                 dyet
                 ,
                 whereas
                 all
                 the
                 Wool
                 of
                 Scotland
                 may
                 be
                 wrought
                 by
                 the
                 Commons
                 of
                 this
                 Nation
                 at
                 a
                 very
                 easie
                 rate
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 their
                 sober
                 way
                 of
                 living
                 ,
                 and
                 working
                 but
                 at
                 such
                 times
                 as
                 their
                 other
                 Countrey-work
                 permits
                 .
                 For
                 illustration
                 whereof
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 amiss
                 an
                 instance
                 that
                 fell
                 out
                 severall
                 years
                 ago
                 in
                 my
                 own
                 time
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 evince
                 that
                 the
                 Plaiding
                 and
                 Fingrams
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Commons
                 in
                 the
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 much
                 greater
                 advantage
                 ,
                 then
                 by
                 setting
                 up
                 a
                 particular
                 Manufacture
                 for
                 the
                 said
                 imployment
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 was
                 a
                 substantious
                 Merchant
                 in
                 Edinburgh
                 ,
                 called
                 
                   Mr.
                   Barnes
                
                 ,
                 who
                 considering
                 the
                 great
                 Sumes
                 of
                 Money
                 that
                 was
                 brought
                 in
                 to
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Plaiding
                   Trade
                
                 ,
                 especially
                 by
                 the
                 Merchants
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 who
                 bought
                 mostly
                 all
                 their
                 Wool
                 from
                 Edinburgh
                 and
                 the
                 
                   South
                   Parts
                
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 it
                 but
                 at
                 the
                 second
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 sell
                 it
                 out
                 in
                 small
                 's
                 to
                 the
                 Countrey-People
                 there
                 about
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 at
                 Charges
                 for
                 transporting
                 and
                 born
                 the
                 hazard
                 by
                 Sea
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 
                 Whereas
                 he
                 considering
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 Wool
                 without
                 any
                 such
                 expense
                 or
                 hazard
                 ,
                 and
                 causing
                 make
                 Plaiding
                 in
                 a
                 particular
                 Manufacture
                 ,
                 there
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 but
                 make
                 greater
                 profit
                 in
                 Holland
                 then
                 they
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 could
                 make
                 ,
                 seeing
                 he
                 could
                 save
                 such
                 a
                 considerable
                 expense
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 necessitated
                 to
                 ware
                 out
                 :
                 whereupon
                 he
                 sets
                 up
                 his
                 Manufacture
                 and
                 wrought
                 about
                 ten
                 Sea-Packs
                 of
                 Plaiding
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 be
                 reckoned
                 worth
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Pounds
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 perceived
                 the
                 Merchants
                 in
                 Aberdeen
                 did
                 sell
                 their
                 Plaiding
                 at
                 as
                 low
                 a
                 rate
                 as
                 his
                 stood
                 himself
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 with
                 advantage
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 a
                 wondering
                 what
                 could
                 be
                 the
                 reason
                 ,
                 and
                 meeting
                 with
                 
                   Alexander
                   Farquhar
                
                 a
                 Merchant
                 in
                 Aberdeen
                 his
                 acquaintance
                 ,
                 enquired
                 how
                 it
                 could
                 be
                 ,
                 laying
                 before
                 him
                 the
                 former
                 considerations
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 
                   Alexander
                   Farquhar
                
                 replyed
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 people
                 that
                 wrought
                 their
                 Plaiding
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 by
                 farr
                 such
                 entertainment
                 as
                 his
                 servants
                 had
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 drank
                 oftner
                 clear
                 
                   spring
                   Water
                
                 than
                 Ale
                 :
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 had
                 their
                 Plaiding
                 much
                 cheaper
                 than
                 he
                 had
                 his
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 he
                 quickly
                 gave
                 over
                 his
                 Manufacture
                 .
              
               
                 Notwithstanding
                 that
                 our
                 Commons
                 live
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 sober
                 rate
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 set
                 at
                 work
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 their
                 advantage
                 in
                 the
                 
                   North
                   Parts
                
                 of
                 Scotland
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 former
                 years
                 the
                 product
                 of
                 their
                 labours
                 hath
                 brought
                 into
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 
                 yearly
                 ,
                 upwards
                 of
                 an
                 hundreth
                 thousand
                 
                   rex
                   dollars
                
                 for
                 many
                 years
                 together
                 ;
                 without
                 this
                 the
                 Nobility
                 and
                 Gentry
                 in
                 thir
                 parts
                 could
                 not
                 get
                 their
                 Money
                 Rents
                 well
                 payed
                 ,
                 which
                 Trade
                 and
                 Employment
                 hath
                 been
                 thir
                 severall
                 years
                 under
                 great
                 decay
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Plaiding
                 and
                 Fingrams
                 are
                 become
                 to
                 be
                 sold
                 at
                 the
                 half
                 of
                 the
                 value
                 which
                 they
                 did
                 formerly
                 ,
                 neither
                 is
                 the
                 half
                 exported
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 mostly
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 their
                 deceitfull
                 mismannadgment
                 thereof
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 helped
                 by
                 appointing
                 particular
                 knowing
                 men
                 ,
                 and
                 giving
                 them
                 allowance
                 to
                 attend
                 the
                 Mercats
                 for
                 visiting
                 and
                 judging
                 the
                 sufficiency
                 of
                 the
                 Cloath
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 augment
                 the
                 quantity
                 ,
                 and
                 advance
                 the
                 Price
                 to
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Wool
                 that
                 is
                 vented
                 abroad
                 ,
                 and
                 unless
                 some
                 such
                 qualified
                 Persons
                 be
                 impowred
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 an
                 setled
                 allowance
                 induced
                 to
                 a
                 diligent
                 inspection
                 and
                 judging
                 of
                 the
                 samen
                 ,
                 all
                 our
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 which
                 hath
                 been
                 so
                 commendablie
                 enacted
                 for
                 regulating
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 will
                 prove
                 but
                 ineffectuall
                 as
                 constant
                 experience
                 hath
                 too
                 much
                 evidenced
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Fifth
                   Countrey
                   Commodity
                
                 is
                 Stockings
                 ,
                 which
                 hath
                 been
                 within
                 thir
                 few
                 years
                 admirably
                 improven
                 by
                 one
                 Man
                 in
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 was
                 instanced
                 before
                 )
                 to
                 wit
                 
                   George
                   Pyper
                
                 ,
                 who
                 encouraged
                 the
                 Countrey
                 People
                 so
                 ,
                 by
                 giving
                 them
                 a
                 little
                 money
                 or
                 some
                 linning
                 at
                 times
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 five
                 groats
                 the
                 pair
                 ,
                 he
                 caused
                 them
                 
                 work
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 fynness
                 that
                 he
                 hath
                 given
                 twenty
                 shillings
                 sterling
                 and
                 upward
                 for
                 the
                 pair
                 :
                 but
                 as
                 the
                 su●ficiency
                 of
                 Plaiding
                 and
                 Fingrams
                 may
                 be
                 recovered
                 by
                 carefull
                 visitors
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 Stockings
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 the
                 more
                 saleable
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 su●ficiency
                 of
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 due
                 length
                 and
                 shape
                 both
                 of
                 Men
                 and
                 Womens
                 be
                 diligently
                 observed
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 a
                 gage
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 principall
                 gage
                 ,
                 and
                 dispersed
                 through
                 all
                 the
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Stockings
                 may
                 be
                 censured
                 ,
                 or
                 confiscated
                 through
                 ignorance
                 of
                 the
                 owners
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 visitors
                 allowance
                 for
                 his
                 mark
                 and
                 seal
                 appointed
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 Forraign-Countries
                 may
                 come
                 to
                 know
                 the
                 due
                 esteem
                 that
                 our
                 Stockings
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 in
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 the
                 neglect
                 of
                 the
                 sufficiencie
                 of
                 Plaiding
                 and
                 Fingrams
                 have
                 been
                 a
                 great
                 cause
                 of
                 the
                 decay
                 of
                 Trade
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 the
                 Plantations
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Dutch
                   West
                   India
                   Companies
                
                 is
                 likewise
                 a
                 considerable
                 cause
                 thereof
                 ;
                 which
                 requires
                 that
                 we
                 should
                 wisely
                 consider
                 ,
                 how
                 and
                 where
                 we
                 may
                 recover
                 a
                 good
                 off-tract
                 of
                 these
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 
                   Dutch
                   Plantations
                
                 in
                 Brasile
                 (
                 which
                 the
                 Portuguyes
                 now
                 possess
                 )
                 that
                 were
                 furnished
                 with
                 our
                 Plaiding
                 and
                 Fingrams
                 and
                 it
                 were
                 worth
                 the
                 while
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 could
                 find
                 a
                 way
                 with
                 any
                 of
                 these
                 that
                 have
                 Plantations
                 in
                 America
                 now
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 we
                 could
                 fall
                 upon
                 a
                 way
                 of
                 furnishing
                 the
                 
                   French
                   King
                
                 his
                 
                 Armies
                 with
                 these
                 
                   Scottish
                   Cloaths
                
                 ,
                 seeing
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Nation
                 in
                 Europe
                 can
                 serve
                 them
                 at
                 an
                 easier
                 rate
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 in
                 Plaiding
                 and
                 Fingrams
                 but
                 also
                 in
                 such
                 other
                 Cloaths
                 ,
                 as
                 Perpetuanes
                 and
                 Sairges
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Sixth
                   Countrey
                   Commodity
                
                 named
                 ,
                 is
                 Salmond
                 and
                 Herring
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 carefully
                 ,
                 seen
                 unto
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 be
                 in
                 all
                 points
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 ,
                 particularly
                 the
                 33
                 
                   Act
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Parliament
                   ,
                   K.
                   Charles
                   the
                
                 2
                 d.
                 And
                 Magistrats
                 to
                 be
                 diligent
                 in
                 their
                 inspection
                 of
                 Cowpers
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 that
                 Trade
                 also
                 may
                 flowrish
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 
                   Sixth
                   mean
                
                 for
                 improving
                 the
                 Trade
                 of
                 the
                 Nation
                 ,
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Estate
                   of
                   the
                   Burrowes
                
                 would
                 humbly
                 petition
                 our
                 Rulers
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 Parliament
                 that
                 sits
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 pleased
                 to
                 consider
                 the
                 great
                 damnage
                 the
                 Royall-Burrowes
                 sustain
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 great
                 discouragment
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 the
                 Trade
                 of
                 the
                 Nation
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Burghs
                   of
                   Regality
                
                 and
                 Barrony
                 have
                 got
                 so
                 great
                 Priviledges
                 by
                 the
                 5
                 
                   th
                   .
                   Act
                   of
                   the
                
                 3
                 
                   d.
                   Session
                   of
                   the
                
                 2
                 
                   d.
                   Parliament
                   of
                   K.
                   Charles
                   the
                
                 2
                 d.
                 seeing
                 they
                 may
                 not
                 onely
                 buy
                 in
                 Mercats
                 and
                 Faires
                 all
                 
                   Scots
                   Commodities
                
                 ,
                 the
                 product
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 all
                 Staple
                 Ware
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 may
                 also
                 export
                 the
                 same
                 to
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 home
                 with
                 the
                 money
                 or
                 value
                 thereof
                 ,
                 what
                 Commodities
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey
                 they
                 think
                 fit
                 ,
                 very
                 inconsiderable
                 exceptions
                 being
                 reserved
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 that
                 the
                 Royal-Burrowes
                 
                 payes
                 the
                 sixth
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 KINGS
                 Taxation
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Burghs
                   of
                   Regality
                
                 and
                 Barrony
                 bear
                 no
                 part
                 nor
                 proportion
                 thereof
                 less
                 or
                 more
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 of
                 their
                 enlarged
                 Priviledges
                 and
                 great
                 Traffick
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 little
                 difference
                 betwixt
                 them
                 and
                 Royall-Burrowes
                 ,
                 as
                 any
                 understanding
                 man
                 may
                 perceive
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 more
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 severall
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 rescinded
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 made
                 in
                 favours
                 of
                 the
                 Royall-Burghs
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 next
                 Parliament
                 may
                 be
                 intreated
                 to
                 take
                 into
                 their
                 consideration
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 was
                 the
                 cause
                 and
                 grounds
                 of
                 these
                 Acts.
                 As
                 the
                 24
                 
                   Act
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Parliament
                   of
                   K.
                   Charles
                   the
                   first
                   .
                
                 So
                 
                   the
                   Act
                   of
                   Ja.
                
                 4.
                 
                 P.
                 6.
                 c.
                 84.
                 
                 So
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 12.
                 c.
                 152.
                 
                 Ja.
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 19.
                 c.
                 6.
                 
                 Let
                 the
                 Burrowes
                 consider
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Convention
                   of
                   Burrowes
                
                 and
                 the
                 Priviledges
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Deans
                   of
                   Gild
                   &c
                
                 are
                 now
                 of
                 little
                 significancy
                 by
                 this
                 late
                 Act.
                 
              
               
                 Seventhly
                 ,
                 It
                 is
                 worthy
                 of
                 consideration
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 for
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 Trade
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Custome
                 and
                 Excyse
                 of
                 Merchant
                 Goods
                 were
                 set
                 and
                 fermed
                 by
                 the
                 generall
                 Taxmen
                 to
                 the
                 speciall
                 Burghs
                 and
                 the
                 precincts
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 whereby
                 severall
                 inconvenients
                 might
                 be
                 remeded
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Customs
                 and
                 Excyse
                 of
                 these
                 goods
                 that
                 are
                 brought
                 home
                 to
                 
                   Burghs
                   of
                   Regality
                
                 and
                 Barrony
                 which
                 are
                 concealed
                 and
                 no
                 count
                 thereof
                 gotten
                 ,
                 whereas
                 the
                 Sub-taxmen
                 of
                 the
                 speciall
                 Burrowes
                 would
                 be
                 concerned
                 to
                 look
                 
                 more
                 narrowly
                 to
                 it
                 then
                 any
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 ,
                 whereas
                 there
                 are
                 heavy
                 burdens
                 of
                 Taxations
                 lyes
                 on
                 the
                 Royall-Burghs
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 Inhabitants
                 remove
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 set
                 up
                 in
                 these
                 other
                 Burghs
                 ,
                 seeing
                 they
                 enjoy
                 so
                 great
                 Priviledges
                 of
                 Trading
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 decay
                 of
                 the
                 Royall-Burghs
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 evidenced
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 large
                 Lodging
                 with
                 all
                 accommodations
                 may
                 be
                 had
                 in
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Royall-Burrowes
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 dale
                 more
                 easie
                 rate
                 than
                 a
                 very
                 common
                 thack
                 house
                 in
                 some
                 of
                 these
                 
                   Burghs
                   of
                   Barrony
                
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 easily
                 instanced
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 ,
                 the
                 Burgesses
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Burghs
                   of
                   Regality
                
                 and
                 Barrony
                 getting
                 mostly
                 their
                 Merchandise
                 stollen
                 free
                 of
                 Custome
                 and
                 Excyse
                 ,
                 thereby
                 are
                 in
                 a
                 capacity
                 to
                 under-sell
                 the
                 Merchants
                 of
                 the
                 Royall-Burghs
                 in
                 such
                 commodities
                 very
                 considerably
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 no
                 little
                 discouragment
                 of
                 the
                 Royal-Burghs
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 may
                 sell
                 their
                 wares
                 as
                 far
                 below
                 others
                 as
                 the
                 Custome
                 and
                 Excyse
                 will
                 extend
                 to
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Merchants
                 of
                 
                   Royall
                   Burghs
                
                 need
                 look
                 for
                 no
                 change
                 ,
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 hath
                 these
                 commodities
                 .
              
               
                 Eightly
                 ,
                 It
                 would
                 be
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 advancement
                 of
                 Trade
                 as
                 is
                 conceived
                 ,
                 if
                 our
                 Rulers
                 would
                 ordain
                 a
                 competent
                 number
                 of
                 Knowing
                 Merchants
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 principall
                 Burrowes
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 to
                 meet
                 at
                 such
                 seasons
                 and
                 places
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 appointed
                 and
                 thought
                 most
                 expedient
                 ,
                 
                 for
                 considering
                 and
                 fixing
                 upon
                 a
                 solid
                 way
                 ,
                 for
                 puting
                 in
                 practise
                 all
                 good
                 Overtures
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 may
                 suggest
                 unto
                 them
                 for
                 promoving
                 the
                 Prosperity
                 of
                 the
                 Trade
                 of
                 the
                 Nation
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 further
                 assistance
                 of
                 these
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 good
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Convention
                   of
                   Burrowes
                
                 would
                 appoint
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 of
                 every
                 Royall-Burgh
                 ,
                 to
                 ordain
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Understanding
                 of
                 their
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 to
                 meet
                 at
                 such
                 times
                 as
                 they
                 shall
                 judge
                 fit
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 debate
                 and
                 argue
                 anent
                 the
                 Trading
                 with
                 these
                 Commodities
                 which
                 are
                 most
                 in
                 use
                 by
                 the
                 Merchants
                 of
                 the
                 respective
                 Burghs
                 ;
                 and
                 what
                 Overtures
                 they
                 can
                 fall
                 upon
                 for
                 improving
                 the
                 samen
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 agreed
                 and
                 condescended
                 there
                 upon
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 thereof
                 subscribed
                 with
                 their
                 hand
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 hand
                 of
                 their
                 Praeses
                 chosen
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Provest
                   ,
                   Bailies
                
                 and
                 Councill
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 to
                 give
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 after
                 a
                 serious
                 revieu
                 and
                 consideration
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Convention
                   of
                   Burrowes
                
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 Committie
                 deligated
                 by
                 them
                 for
                 that
                 effect
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 consider
                 ,
                 and
                 approve
                 or
                 disapprove
                 the
                 samen
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 in
                 their
                 Reasons
                 accordingly
                 to
                 the
                 Committie
                 of
                 Trade
                 ;
                 that
                 so
                 after
                 a
                 serious
                 and
                 solid
                 consideration
                 thereof
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 recommended
                 to
                 the
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 KINGS
                 Councill
                 for
                 their
                 Approbation
                 and
                 Authority
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 said
                 that
                 few
                 will
                 be
                 at
                 the
                 pains
                 to
                 wait
                 upon
                 such
                 meetings
                 to
                 consider
                 things
                 so
                 
                 rypely
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 neglect
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 affaires
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 proposall
                 seems
                 to
                 require
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 which
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 answered
                 ,
                 If
                 the
                 importance
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 be
                 duely
                 weyed
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 weighty
                 results
                 seriously
                 considered
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 found
                 well
                 worth
                 all
                 the
                 pains
                 and
                 expenses
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 wared
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Affair
                 be
                 not
                 altogether
                 turned
                 into
                 a
                 meer
                 formality
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 particularly
                 let
                 all
                 concerned
                 consult
                 and
                 consider
                 the
                 great
                 Revenue
                 these
                 improvment
                 would
                 raise
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Customs
                 and
                 Excyse
                 ,
                 the
                 Honour
                 ,
                 Fame
                 and
                 Esteem
                 it
                 would
                 purchase
                 to
                 our
                 Nation
                 abroad
                 ,
                 the
                 great
                 increase
                 and
                 encouragment
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 to
                 Sea-men
                 and
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 the
                 plentifull
                 and
                 comfortable
                 livelyhood
                 of
                 severall
                 hundreds
                 and
                 thousands
                 of
                 Familie●
                 in
                 our
                 Land
                 :
                 and
                 with
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 Vertuous
                 and
                 Praise
                 Worthy
                 Improvment
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 Commodities
                 that
                 are
                 the
                 naturall
                 product
                 of
                 our
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 not
                 onely
                 the
                 strength
                 and
                 stock
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 would
                 be
                 augmented
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Riches
                 of
                 many
                 privat●
                 men
                 greatly
                 multiplyed
                 ,
                 providing
                 that
                 in
                 all
                 our
                 deportment
                 and
                 industrie
                 we
                 walk
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 may
                 upon
                 good
                 ground
                 expect
                 a
                 Blessing
                 from
                 the
                 Lord
                 our
                 God.
                 See
                 Psa.
                 127.1
                 ,
                 2.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XVI
                 .
                 Concerning
                 Mechanick-Trades
                 .
              
               
                 IT
                 were
                 a
                 most
                 commendable
                 piece
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 if
                 Rulers
                 would
                 be
                 at
                 pains
                 to
                 set
                 down
                 wayes
                 how
                 every
                 idle
                 person
                 within
                 Cities
                 and
                 Towns
                 might
                 be
                 discovered
                 ,
                 and
                 strict
                 accounts
                 thereof
                 be
                 exacted
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 Persons
                 of
                 every
                 Rank
                 might
                 be
                 known
                 ,
                 how
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 what
                 means
                 they
                 live
                 ,
                 by
                 what
                 Trade
                 ,
                 Industrie
                 and
                 Vertue
                 they
                 mantained
                 themselves
                 and
                 Families
                 .
              
               
                 Diodorus
                 reports
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 Law
                 amongst
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 should
                 give
                 up
                 his
                 name
                 to
                 the
                 Magistrat
                 within
                 whose
                 precinct
                 he
                 lived
                 ,
                 and
                 show
                 by
                 what
                 Trade
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 what
                 gain
                 he
                 lived
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 were
                 found
                 to
                 lye
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 live
                 by
                 unlawfull
                 means
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 which
                 severity
                 was
                 reckoned
                 the
                 more
                 just
                 ,
                 because
                 idle
                 lazie
                 persons
                 are
                 the
                 poyson
                 of
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 it
                 s
                 they
                 that
                 are
                 most
                 pron
                 to
                 Whordom
                 ,
                 Drunkenness
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Debauchrie
                 ,
                 it
                 s
                 they
                 that
                 hate
                 the
                 best
                 men
                 ,
                 are
                 covetous
                 of
                 others
                 Goods
                 ,
                 are
                 seditious
                 ,
                 mutinous
                 
                 and
                 unworthy
                 to
                 be
                 permitted
                 to
                 live
                 amongst
                 Civill
                 and
                 Vertuous
                 People
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 seeing
                 every
                 one
                 hath
                 not
                 a
                 competency
                 of
                 Money
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Stock
                 for
                 Merchandising
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 good
                 policie
                 to
                 advert
                 to
                 the
                 naturall
                 Genius
                 and
                 Disposition
                 of
                 young
                 Boyes
                 ,
                 for
                 what
                 Trade
                 or
                 Employment
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 fittest
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 skilled
                 in
                 Writing
                 and
                 Arithmetick
                 and
                 of
                 lively
                 active
                 Spirits
                 fit
                 for
                 Merchandising
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 employed
                 accordingly
                 .
                 If
                 their
                 Talent
                 lye
                 in
                 a
                 disposition
                 for
                 any
                 
                   Mechanick
                   Trade
                
                 ▪
                 that
                 fit
                 Masters
                 may
                 be
                 pitched
                 upon
                 for
                 their
                 education
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 particular
                 employment
                 their
                 minds
                 are
                 most
                 inclyned
                 unto
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 found
                 a
                 remarkable
                 Acumen
                 or
                 Mind
                 more
                 then
                 ordinary
                 ,
                 that
                 such
                 might
                 be
                 sent
                 abroad
                 to
                 other
                 Nations
                 (
                 after
                 some
                 time
                 of
                 breeding
                 at
                 home
                 .
                 )
                 where
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 best
                 perfected
                 in
                 his
                 Art
                 upon
                 the
                 publick
                 expense
                 ,
                 with
                 speciall
                 provision
                 and
                 surety
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 return
                 and
                 serve
                 the
                 Town
                 in
                 his
                 calling
                 as
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 employed
                 ;
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 good
                 mean
                 to
                 furnish
                 our
                 Towns
                 with
                 all
                 excellent
                 Arts
                 and
                 Manufactures
                 .
                 If
                 we
                 would
                 lay
                 our selves
                 out
                 to
                 improve
                 such
                 means
                 and
                 wayes
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 doubt
                 but
                 this
                 would
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 years
                 tend
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 our
                 Cities
                 and
                 the
                 reputation
                 of
                 our
                 Nation
                 .
                 For
                 my
                 own
                 part
                 ,
                 I
                 ever
                 looked
                 upon
                 an
                 excellent
                 Artist
                 and
                 one
                 who
                 had
                 a
                 good
                 engyne
                 or
                 ability
                 for
                 
                 working
                 excellent
                 things
                 in
                 his
                 calling
                 ,
                 beyond
                 the
                 ordinary
                 strain
                 and
                 common
                 custom
                 o●
                 men
                 of
                 his
                 Trade
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 usefull
                 O●nament
                 to
                 a
                 Town
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Sphere
                 .
                 Therefore
                 vertuous
                 men
                 in
                 every
                 calling
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 regarded
                 and
                 encouraged
                 with
                 all
                 respect
                 due
                 to
                 their
                 merit
                 and
                 carriage
                 ,
                 and
                 idle
                 ,
                 drunken
                 and
                 thriftless
                 persons
                 rebuked
                 ,
                 punished
                 ,
                 yea
                 declared
                 incapable
                 of
                 any
                 place
                 or
                 trust
                 within
                 the
                 Corporation
                 .
                 If
                 this
                 were
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 industrie
                 and
                 commendable
                 diligence
                 amongst
                 all
                 sorts
                 ;
                 and
                 less
                 extraordinary
                 drinking
                 and
                 sinfull
                 spending
                 of
                 time
                 in
                 Taverns
                 and
                 Ale-houses
                 amongst
                 Tradsmen
                 then
                 there
                 is
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 both
                 shame
                 and
                 sin
                 for
                 men
                 to
                 consume
                 their
                 health
                 and
                 time
                 in
                 doing
                 nothing
                 but
                 satisfying
                 their
                 lusts
                 and
                 carnall
                 appetites
                 .
                 
                   M.
                   Cato
                
                 in
                 his
                 
                   book
                   of
                   Manners
                
                 wrot
                 exceeding
                 well
                 in
                 comparing
                 the
                 Life
                 of
                 Man
                 to
                 Yron
                 ;
                 which
                 if
                 ye
                 use
                 it
                 wears
                 away
                 ,
                 but
                 yet
                 with
                 beauty
                 and
                 splendor
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 ye
                 use
                 it
                 not
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 consumed
                 with
                 rust
                 .
                 Vertuous
                 persons
                 by
                 honest
                 exercises
                 spend
                 themselves
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 inward
                 peace
                 ,
                 glory
                 and
                 reputation
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 whereas
                 vicious
                 and
                 idle
                 wretches
                 gain
                 nothing
                 but
                 ignominy
                 and
                 contempt
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Cato
                 spoke
                 well
                 to
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 at
                 
                   Numantia
                   Consider
                   with
                   your selves
                   Souldiers
                
                 ,
                 (
                 said
                 he
                 )
                 
                   if
                   ye
                   do
                   any
                   good
                   thing
                   with
                   travel
                   or
                   labour
                   ,
                   the
                   labour
                   soon
                   passes
                   away
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   good
                   remains
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   ye
                   do
                   any
                   business
                   for
                   pleasure
                   ,
                   
                   the
                   pleasure
                   soon
                   evanishes
                   but
                   the
                   shame
                   remains
                   .
                
                 Which
                 expression
                 showes
                 nothing
                 worse
                 than
                 Idlesit
                 ,
                 and
                 nothing
                 better
                 than
                 Vertuous
                 Industrie
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 a
                 comely
                 thing
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 see
                 all
                 persons
                 in
                 Towns
                 diligent
                 in
                 their
                 Callings
                 ,
                 and
                 al●
                 Tradesmen
                 in
                 their
                 usefull
                 occupations
                 industriously
                 laborious
                 like
                 Bees
                 ,
                 all
                 joyning
                 their
                 pains
                 to
                 provide
                 what
                 is
                 usefull
                 to
                 humane
                 Society
                 ▪
                 What
                 can
                 render
                 a
                 Town
                 more
                 illustrious
                 then
                 usefull
                 Arts
                 and
                 Trades
                 ,
                 inviting
                 Neighbours
                 and
                 Strangers
                 to
                 resort
                 thither
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 our
                 Manufactures
                 ,
                 and
                 bringing
                 their
                 best
                 things
                 to
                 supplie
                 what
                 we
                 need
                 ?
                 So
                 much
                 lyes
                 on
                 Rulers
                 to
                 bring
                 from
                 abroad
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 Tradesmen
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 encourage
                 our
                 own
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 not
                 onely
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 gain
                 their
                 livelyhood
                 ,
                 but
                 may
                 live
                 comfortably
                 and
                 be
                 usefull
                 in
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 as
                 occasion
                 requires
                 .
              
               
                 Also
                 Rulers
                 would
                 guard
                 against
                 all
                 abuses
                 and
                 oppressions
                 committed
                 readily
                 by
                 Tradesmen
                 upon
                 new
                 Intrants
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 are
                 brought
                 so
                 low
                 in
                 their
                 condition
                 and
                 so
                 plunged
                 in
                 debt
                 before
                 they
                 can
                 be
                 free
                 in
                 their
                 Trad●
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 hardly
                 able
                 in
                 many
                 years
                 to
                 recover
                 and
                 get
                 themselves
                 out
                 of
                 burden
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XVII
                 .
                 Concerning
                 Planting
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 Profit
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 .
              
               
                 HAving
                 touched
                 severall
                 things
                 that
                 may
                 seem
                 worthy
                 of
                 a
                 Councils
                 consideration
                 ,
                 for
                 making
                 a
                 Town
                 flowrish
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 foregoing
                 Chapters
                 or
                 Partitions
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 ommit
                 to
                 offer
                 it
                 to
                 their
                 Judgments
                 to
                 deliberat
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 very
                 expedient
                 both
                 for
                 profit
                 and
                 pleasure
                 to
                 consider
                 how
                 their
                 Cities
                 may
                 be
                 beautified
                 with
                 Planting
                 of
                 usefull
                 Trees
                 in
                 all
                 places
                 in
                 and
                 near
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 most
                 conveniently
                 had
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 no
                 small
                 reproach
                 upon
                 the
                 generality
                 of
                 our
                 Nation
                 ,
                 that
                 our
                 People
                 are
                 so
                 negligent
                 and
                 careless
                 in
                 this
                 particular
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 contentment
                 and
                 satisfaction
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 reaped
                 thereby
                 ,
                 for
                 Planting
                 is
                 not
                 onely
                 delightfull
                 to
                 the
                 eye
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 exhilirating
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 every
                 beholder
                 ,
                 by
                 its
                 beauty
                 and
                 greeness
                 ,
                 inviting
                 the
                 cheerfull
                 Birds
                 to
                 chant
                 and
                 express
                 their
                 melodious
                 Notes
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 refreshment
                 of
                 the
                 
                 hearers
                 oft
                 tymes
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 ,
                 in
                 few
                 years
                 (
                 due
                 diligence
                 and
                 care
                 being
                 taken
                 to
                 plant
                 them
                 aright
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 prune
                 and
                 keep
                 them
                 )
                 they
                 are
                 very
                 usefull
                 for
                 publick
                 and
                 private
                 use
                 as
                 need
                 and
                 expediencie
                 shall
                 require
                 .
                 We
                 find
                 that
                 the
                 most
                 flowrishing
                 and
                 rich
                 Nations
                 have
                 great
                 abundance
                 of
                 many
                 so●ts
                 of
                 Planting
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 not
                 onely
                 by
                 Nature
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 Art
                 and
                 Industrie
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 and
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 hath
                 evidenced
                 her
                 bounty
                 in
                 a
                 liberall
                 measure
                 to
                 us
                 in
                 that
                 matter
                 ,
                 no
                 less
                 then
                 to
                 others
                 our
                 Neighbours
                 round
                 about
                 us
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 witnessed
                 by
                 the
                 many
                 Woods
                 and
                 Forrests
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 well
                 furnished
                 with
                 
                   Oakes
                   ,
                   Elmes
                   ,
                   Firrs
                   ,
                   Ashes
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 and
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 every
                 generation
                 are
                 much
                 destroyed
                 and
                 cut
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 few
                 or
                 none
                 to
                 repair
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 how
                 can
                 we
                 but
                 undergo
                 the
                 just
                 reproach
                 of
                 a
                 careless
                 and
                 lazie
                 People
                 in
                 this
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rather
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Laws
                 and
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 made
                 by
                 our
                 Gracious
                 and
                 Vertuous
                 KINGS
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Estates
                   of
                   the
                   Kingdom
                
                 ;
                 particularly
                 by
                 
                   K.
                   James
                   the
                
                 5
                 
                   th
                   .
                   in
                   his
                
                 9.
                 
                 
                   Act
                   of
                   Parl.
                
                 4.
                 and
                 our
                 late
                 
                   K.
                   Charles
                   the
                
                 2
                 
                   d.
                   Parliament
                
                 1.
                 
                 Act
                 41.
                 cannot
                 prevail
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 obvious
                 to
                 the
                 sence
                 of
                 every
                 beholder
                 ,
                 what
                 an
                 Ornament
                 Planting
                 is
                 to
                 Great
                 mens
                 houses
                 who
                 are
                 worthie
                 of
                 their
                 due
                 commendation
                 that
                 have
                 taken
                 paines
                 herein
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 worthie
                 the
                 considering
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 
                 GOD
                 created
                 Man
                 in
                 his
                 primitive
                 Innocency
                 and
                 Integrity
                 ,
                 he
                 placed
                 him
                 in
                 a
                 Garden
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 that
                 exercise
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 a
                 sinless
                 state
                 to
                 dress
                 and
                 keep
                 it
                 .
                 Gen.
                 2.8
                 ,
                 15.
                 whence
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 observed
                 ,
                 that
                 Planting
                 and
                 the
                 care
                 thereof
                 is
                 an
                 exercise
                 not
                 unbecoming
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 Saincts
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Greatest
                 of
                 men
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 see
                 many
                 Proofes
                 o●
                 this
                 ,
                 as
                 First
                 in
                 that
                 Good
                 and
                 Holy
                 Man
                 that
                 found
                 Grace
                 in
                 GODS
                 sight
                 ,
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 (
                 save
                 a
                 few
                 with
                 him
                 )
                 perished
                 ,
                 Gen.
                 9.20
                 .
                 
                   And
                   Noah
                   began
                   to
                   be
                   an
                   Husband
                   man
                   and
                   he
                   planted
                   a
                   Vyne-yard
                   .
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   Abraham
                
                 the
                 Friend
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 and
                 Father
                 of
                 the
                 Faithfull
                 ,
                 
                   Planted
                   a
                   Grove
                   in
                   Beersheba
                   ,
                   and
                   called
                   there
                   on
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   the
                   LORD
                   .
                   Gen
                
                 21.33
                 .
                 Next
                 ,
                 
                   King
                   Solomon
                
                 a
                 Great
                 and
                 Wise
                 KING
                 Eccles.
                 2.4
                 5.
                 
                 
                   I
                   made
                   me
                   great
                   Works
                   I
                   builded
                   me
                   Houses
                   ,
                   and
                   planted
                   me
                   Vyne-yards
                   .
                   I
                   made
                   me
                   Gardens
                   and
                   Orchards
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   planted
                   in
                   them
                   all
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruits
                   .
                
                 So
                 Uzziah
                 delighted
                 in
                 this
                 Employment
                 ,
                 2.
                 
                 Chron.
                 26
                 10.
                 
                 He
                 had
                 Husband-men
                 and
                 dressers
                 of
                 Vynes
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Yea
                 our
                 Blessed
                 LORD
                 JESUS
                 did
                 honour
                 this
                 Industrie
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 frequenting
                 the
                 Garden
                 ,
                 Joh
                 18.1
                 .
                 
                   When
                   JESUS
                   had
                   spoken
                   these
                   words
                   ,
                   he
                   went
                   over
                   the
                   brook
                   Cedron
                   ,
                   where
                   was
                   a
                   Garden
                   ,
                   into
                   which
                   he
                   entered
                   with
                   his
                   Disciples
                   .
                
                 Ver.
                 2.
                 
                 
                   And
                   Judas
                   also
                   who
                   betrayed
                   him
                   knew
                   the
                   place
                   :
                   for
                   JESUS
                   oftentimes
                   resorted
                   thither
                   with
                   his
                   Disciples
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 I
                 could
                 name
                 many
                 Great
                 men
                 that
                 have
                 taken
                 pleasure
                 in
                 Planting
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Cyrus
                   the
                   younger
                   ,
                   King
                   of
                   Persia
                   ,
                
                 who
                 planted
                 Orchards
                 and
                 Gardens
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 hand
                 .
                 See
                 
                   Cicero
                   de
                   Senectute
                   p.
                
                 210.
                 
                 But
                 I
                 shall
                 forbear
                 to
                 insist
                 ,
                 onely
                 desiring
                 our
                 Cities
                 and
                 Towns
                 may
                 seriously
                 consider
                 the
                 profit
                 and
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 will
                 very
                 far
                 counterballance
                 the
                 expense
                 and
                 paines
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 constant
                 and
                 yearly
                 recompense
                 ,
                 I
                 mean
                 a
                 well
                 furnished
                 Garden
                 and
                 Orchard
                 when
                 carefully
                 keept
                 and
                 waited
                 upon
                 .
              
               
                 Therefore
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 close
                 this
                 purpose
                 with
                 a
                 friendly
                 desire
                 that
                 all
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Town-Councils
                 may
                 seriously
                 consider
                 ,
                 how
                 they
                 may
                 in
                 this
                 give
                 best
                 obedience
                 to
                 the
                 laudable
                 Acts
                 and
                 Laws
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 most
                 profit
                 and
                 satisfaction
                 to
                 their
                 respective
                 Incorporations
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 remembered
                 ,
                 when
                 Adam
                 sinned
                 he
                 was
                 sent
                 forth
                 from
                 the
                 
                   Garden
                   of
                   Eden
                
                 to
                 till
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 more
                 painfull
                 and
                 inferiour
                 employment
                 and
                 not
                 permitted
                 to
                 enjoy
                 that
                 sweet
                 and
                 refreshful
                 mansion
                 of
                 the
                 Garden
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 Gods
                 Curse
                 upon
                 a
                 land
                 ,
                 when
                 Trees
                 were
                 smitten
                 and
                 taken
                 away
                 from
                 it
                 .
                 Exod.
                 9.25
                 .
                 Amos
                 4.9
                 .
                 Joel
                 1.12
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 promised
                 Blessing
                 ,
                 
                   To
                   plant
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   eat
                   the
                   fruit
                   of
                   them
                   .
                   Jer.
                
                 29.5
                 .
                 Amos
                 9.4
                 .
                 Ezek.
                 34.27
                 .
              
               
                 Therefore
                 these
                 Precepts
                 may
                 be
                 pertinently
                 applyed
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 .
                 Tit.
                 3.14
                 .
                 
                   Let
                   
                   ours
                   also
                   learn
                   to
                   mantain
                   good
                   Works
                   for
                   necessary
                   uses
                   .
                
                 And
                 that
                 of
                 Philip.
                 4.8
                 .
                 
                   Whatsoever
                   things
                   are
                   true
                   ,
                   whatsoever
                   things
                   are
                   honest
                   whatsoever
                   things
                   are
                   just
                   ,
                   whatsoever
                   things
                   are
                   pure
                   ,
                   whatsoever
                   things
                   are
                   lovely
                   ,
                   whatsoev●r
                   things
                   are
                   of
                   good
                   report
                   :
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   any
                   vertue
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   any
                   praise
                   ,
                   think
                   on
                   these
                   things
                   .
                
                 Much
                 of
                 our
                 Corne-fields
                 about
                 some
                 Towns
                 have
                 been
                 improven
                 for
                 Herbs
                 and
                 Roots
                 by
                 common
                 Gardners
                 ,
                 and
                 why
                 not
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 choisest
                 Soyles
                 and
                 Situations
                 be
                 also
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 for
                 pleasant
                 Gardens
                 and
                 fruitfull
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 frequently
                 in
                 well
                 ordered
                 and
                 flowrishing
                 Towns
                 abroad
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 great
                 profit
                 ,
                 health
                 and
                 delight
                 without
                 their
                 Towns
                 ,
                 and
                 few
                 of
                 our
                 Nation
                 have
                 little
                 worse
                 Grounds
                 for
                 such
                 things
                 ;
                 save
                 that
                 Walls
                 and
                 Dykes
                 may
                 be
                 found
                 expensive
                 ,
                 and
                 sparing
                 many
                 unnecessary
                 superfluities
                 in
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 bringing
                 home
                 Tyle
                 for
                 ballast
                 in
                 Ships
                 from
                 
                   Holland
                   &c
                
                 may
                 help
                 that
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 profit
                 accrewing
                 by
                 a
                 fruitfull
                 and
                 well
                 ordered
                 Orchard
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 years
                 will
                 recompense
                 all
                 expensses
                 (
                 with
                 GODS
                 blessing
                 )
                 abundantly
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XVIII
                 .
                 Concerning
                 Charity
                 ,
                 and
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Poor
                 .
              
               
                 THough
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 many
                 Duties
                 incumbent
                 upon
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Town-Councils
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 Governours
                 of
                 Cities
                 and
                 Burghs
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 judicious
                 will
                 understand
                 as
                 their
                 occasions
                 and
                 stations
                 will
                 discover
                 unto
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 one
                 Dutie
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 least
                 )
                 that
                 all
                 are
                 bound
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 
                   Supream
                   Governour
                
                 of
                 Heaven
                 and
                 Earth
                 takes
                 speciall
                 notice
                 thereof
                 ,
                 and
                 hath
                 carefully
                 recommended
                 to
                 all
                 his
                 People
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 is
                 a
                 tender
                 care
                 over
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 cordiall
                 Charity
                 towards
                 the
                 Poor
                 .
                 See
                 for
                 this
                 Deut.
                 15.7
                 ,
                 8
                 9
                 ,
                 10
                 ,
                 11.
                 
                 
                   If
                   there
                   be
                   among
                   you
                   a
                   poor
                   man
                   of
                   one
                   of
                   thy
                   brethren
                   ,
                   within
                   any
                   of
                   thy
                   gates
                   ,
                   in
                   thy
                   land
                   which
                   the
                   LORD
                   thy
                   GOD
                   giveth
                   thee
                   ,
                   thou
                   shalt
                   not
                   harden
                   thy
                   heart
                   ,
                   nor
                   shut
                   thine
                   hand
                   from
                   thy
                   poor
                   brother
                   :
                   
                   But
                   thou
                   shalt
                   open
                   thy
                   hand
                   wide
                   unto
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   shalt
                   surely
                   lend
                   him
                   sufficiently
                   for
                   his
                   need
                   in
                   that
                   which
                   he
                   wanteth
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Beware
                   that
                   there
                   be
                   not
                   a
                   thought
                   in
                   thy
                   wicked
                   heart
                   ,
                   saying
                   ,
                   The
                   seventh
                   year
                   ,
                   the
                   year
                   of
                   release
                   is
                   at
                   hand
                   :
                   and
                   thine
                   eye
                   be
                   evil
                   against
                   thy
                   poor
                   brother
                   ,
                   and
                   thou
                   givest
                   him
                   nought
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   cry
                   unto
                   the
                   LORD
                   against
                   thee
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   be
                   sin
                   unto
                   thee
                   .
                
                 Vers.
                 10.
                 
                 
                   Thou
                   shalt
                   surely
                   give
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   thine
                   heart
                   shall
                   not
                   be
                   grieved
                   when
                   thou
                   givest
                   unto
                   him
                   :
                   because
                   that
                   for
                   this
                   thing
                   the
                   LORD
                   thy
                   GOD
                   shall
                   bless
                   thee
                   in
                   all
                   thy
                   works
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   all
                   that
                   thou
                   puttest
                   thy
                   hands
                   unto
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   poor
                   shall
                   never
                   cease
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   land
                   :
                   therefore
                   I
                   command
                   thee
                   ,
                   saying
                   ,
                   Thou
                   shalt
                   open
                   thine
                   hand
                   wide
                   unto
                   thy
                   brother
                   ,
                   to
                   thy
                   poor
                   and
                   to
                   thy
                   needy
                   ,
                   in
                   thy
                   land
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 Scripture
                 is
                 so
                 full
                 and
                 pungent
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 that
                 fear
                 the
                 LORD
                 will
                 find
                 it
                 more
                 binding
                 than
                 any
                 
                   Act
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 Humane
                 Law
                 whatsomever
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 hath
                 in
                 its
                 bosome
                 ,
                 both
                 threates
                 to
                 the
                 disobedient
                 ,
                 and
                 comfortable
                 Promises
                 to
                 the
                 due
                 observers
                 of
                 this
                 Command
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 Christian
                 Magistrats
                 should
                 seriously
                 consider
                 upon
                 suitable
                 wayes
                 how
                 the
                 Poor
                 within
                 their
                 gates
                 may
                 be
                 most
                 carefully
                 and
                 discreetly
                 provided
                 for
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 in
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 considerable
                 Towns
                 in
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 Hospitals
                 ,
                 some
                 for
                 Men
                 ,
                 some
                 for
                 Women
                 ,
                 some
                 
                 for
                 Orphans
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 are
                 summs
                 of
                 money
                 have
                 been
                 Mortified
                 and
                 appointed
                 for
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Rents
                 thereof
                 might
                 be
                 furthcoming
                 for
                 such
                 uses
                 by
                 Pious
                 and
                 Charitable
                 Citizens
                 .
                 Of
                 this
                 the
                 Rulers
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 Charge
                 should
                 be
                 carefull
                 ,
                 lest
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 such
                 summs
                 should
                 be
                 delapidated
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Revenues
                 thereof
                 should
                 be
                 duely
                 and
                 discreetly
                 destributed
                 to
                 the
                 fit
                 Objects
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 care
                 may
                 be
                 had
                 that
                 the
                 wills
                 of
                 the
                 Mortifiers
                 be
                 punctually
                 observed
                 ,
                 lest
                 others
                 perceiving
                 a
                 negligence
                 herein
                 ,
                 might
                 be
                 discouraged
                 from
                 such
                 Pious
                 Mortifications
                 and
                 Donations
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 where
                 these
                 are
                 wanting
                 or
                 comes
                 short
                 to
                 answere
                 the
                 urgent
                 necessities
                 of
                 the
                 numerous
                 Poor
                 people
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 a
                 Town
                 ,
                 care
                 would
                 needs
                 be
                 had
                 ,
                 and
                 paines
                 taken
                 that
                 all
                 Poor
                 ones
                 whether
                 elder
                 or
                 younger
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 a
                 capacity
                 to
                 work
                 or
                 go
                 about
                 any
                 profitable
                 employment
                 may
                 be
                 set
                 to
                 work
                 ,
                 and
                 young
                 ones
                 ,
                 whether
                 Males
                 or
                 Femals
                 put
                 to
                 learn
                 at
                 Schools
                 and
                 Trades
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Capacities
                 and
                 Inclinations
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Prudence
                 of
                 Wise
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 wayes
                 may
                 be
                 fallen
                 upon
                 ,
                 and
                 Collections
                 of
                 Moneyes
                 obtained
                 with
                 consent
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 supply
                 what
                 will
                 be
                 found
                 requisite
                 for
                 such
                 Charitable
                 and
                 Pious
                 Uses
                 :
                 as
                 supplying
                 the
                 Aged
                 ,
                 Decrepit
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 work
                 ,
                 and
                 setting
                 the
                 Young
                 
                 Poor
                 to
                 sutable
                 Callings
                 and
                 Employments
                 .
                 Sure
                 I
                 am
                 ,
                 where
                 this
                 care
                 is
                 Christianly
                 and
                 Charitably
                 minded
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 the
                 promise
                 of
                 a
                 Faithfull
                 GOD
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 this
                 thing
                 the
                 LORD
                 shall
                 Bless
                 them
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 works
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 they
                 put
                 their
                 hand
                 unto
                 ,
                 therefore
                 all
                 would
                 need
                 to
                 beware
                 of
                 resting
                 upon
                 a
                 bare
                 formality
                 of
                 making
                 a
                 triffling
                 Offering
                 in
                 Publick
                 upon
                 dayes
                 for
                 Worship
                 ,
                 but
                 look
                 upon
                 the
                 Duty
                 as
                 seriously
                 recommended
                 by
                 Him
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 all
                 our
                 Mercies
                 ,
                 and
                 giver
                 of
                 all
                 our
                 Good
                 things
                 :
                 see
                 for
                 this
                 ,
                 Isa.
                 58
                 7.
                 when
                 this
                 Hypocriticall
                 formalists
                 were
                 dissatisfied
                 ,
                 that
                 GOD
                 took
                 no
                 more
                 notice
                 of
                 their
                 fastings
                 ,
                 and
                 frequenting
                 of
                 Ordinances
                 ,
                 as
                 vers
                 .
                 2
                 ,
                 3.
                 of
                 that
                 chapter
                 holds
                 forth
                 :
                 the
                 LORD
                 showes
                 them
                 the
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 vers
                 .
                 4.5
                 .
                 and
                 shewes
                 them
                 plainly
                 vers
                 .
                 7.
                 that
                 the
                 Fast
                 that
                 he
                 regardes
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   To
                   deal
                   thy
                   Bread
                   to
                   the
                   hungrie
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   thou
                   bring
                   the
                   Poor
                   that
                   are
                   cast
                   out
                   to
                   thy
                   house
                   ,
                   when
                   thou
                   seest
                   the
                   naked
                   that
                   thou
                   cover
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   thou
                   hid
                   not
                   thy self
                   from
                   thine
                   own
                   flesh
                   .
                
              
               
                 Mind
                 that
                 Command
                 ,
                 Heb.
                 13.16
                 .
                 
                   But
                   to
                   do
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   communicate
                   forget
                   not
                   ,
                   for
                   with
                   such
                   Sacrifices
                   GOD
                   is
                   well
                   pleased
                   .
                
                 And
                 they
                 that
                 mind
                 most
                 the
                 pleasing
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 never
                 be
                 behind
                 hand
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 Psal.
                 41.1
                 .
                 
                   Blessed
                   is
                   he
                   that
                   considereth
                   the
                   Poor
                   ,
                   the
                   LORD
                   will
                   deliver
                   him
                   in
                   time
                   of
                   
                   trouble
                   .
                
                 It
                 was
                 Jobs
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 afford
                 him
                 no
                 small
                 Peace
                 and
                 Comfort
                 in
                 the
                 day
                 of
                 his
                 sad
                 distress
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 say
                 from
                 a
                 Testimony
                 of
                 a
                 Good
                 Conscience
                 ,
                 Job
                 31.19
                 .
                 
                   If
                   I
                   have
                   seen
                   any
                   perish
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   cloathing
                   ,
                   or
                   any
                   poore
                   without
                   covering
                   .
                
                 ver
                 .
                 20.
                 
                 
                   If
                   his
                   loyns
                   have
                   not
                   blessed
                   me
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   he
                   were
                   not
                   warmed
                   with
                   the
                   fleece
                   of
                   my
                   sheep
                   .
                
                 This
                 man
                 was
                 a
                 blessed
                 Magistrat
                 ,
                 and
                 happy
                 were
                 it
                 if
                 all
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 Authority
                 in
                 the
                 Nation
                 could
                 have
                 such
                 a
                 Testimony
                 from
                 their
                 own
                 hearts
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Power●ull
                 and
                 Rich
                 in
                 the
                 Land
                 could
                 employ
                 their
                 abundance
                 to
                 such
                 commendable
                 ,
                 yea
                 acceptable
                 uses
                 before
                 GOD
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 upon
                 good
                 ground
                 expect
                 Jobs
                 reward
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 an
                 outgate
                 from
                 all
                 their
                 troubles
                 ,
                 as
                 Job
                 42.10
                 .
                 Yea
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 promise
                 from
                 his
                 mouth
                 who
                 is
                 faithfull
                 and
                 true
                 ,
                 yea
                 Truth
                 it self
                 ,
                 that
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 a
                 
                   Cup
                   of
                   cold
                   water
                   given
                   to
                   a
                   Disciple
                   shall
                   in
                   no
                   wise
                   lose
                   his
                   reward
                   .
                   Mat.
                
                 10.42
                 .
                 Let
                 all
                 consider
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 I
                 proceed
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIX
                 .
                 Concerning
                 Magistrats
                 in
                 Generall
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Qualifications
                 requyred
                 in
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 INtending
                 (
                 if
                 the
                 LORD
                 will
                 )
                 to
                 hold
                 out
                 the
                 Duties
                 of
                 the
                 particular
                 Office-Bearers
                 in
                 our
                 Royal-Burghs
                 in
                 the
                 Chapters
                 following
                 ,
                 I
                 judge
                 it
                 expedient
                 to
                 set
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 the
                 Qualifications
                 of
                 a
                 Magistrat
                 in
                 generall
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 happiness
                 of
                 a
                 Town
                 depends
                 very
                 much
                 upon
                 well
                 qualified
                 and
                 faithfull
                 Magistrats
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 this
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 duty
                 of
                 all
                 Citizens
                 to
                 endeavour
                 ●o
                 be
                 good
                 men
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 capacity
                 to
                 do
                 good
                 service
                 when
                 called
                 to
                 places
                 of
                 Trust
                 in
                 their
                 respective
                 Towns
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 that
                 ●ears
                 God
                 should
                 pray
                 fervently
                 to
                 the
                 Lord
                 to
                 ●aise
                 up
                 many
                 such
                 amongst
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Magistrat
                 is
                 an
                 Officer
                 ,
                 or
                 Office-Bearer
                 ,
                 who
                 hath
                 power
                 to
                 command
                 in
                 a
                 State
                 or
                 City
                 .
                 There
                 be
                 many
                 Office-Bearers
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 power
                 to
                 command
                 ,
                 
                 nor
                 to
                 punish
                 Offenders
                 .
                 Now
                 we
                 shall
                 point
                 out
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 kind
                 of
                 persons
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Magistrat
                 or
                 Ruler
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 carefully
                 chosen
                 after
                 the
                 draught
                 of
                 
                   Scriptur-Magistrats
                   ,
                   Exod.
                
                 18.21
                 .
                 according
                 to
                 these
                 properties
                 ,
                 First
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 be
                 an
                 able
                 man
                 of
                 body
                 and
                 mind
                 to
                 do
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 service
                 ,
                 not
                 an
                 ignorant
                 ,
                 that
                 can
                 do
                 nothing
                 without
                 the
                 Clerk.
                 This
                 Ability
                 comprehends
                 three
                 Qualities
                 ,
                 first
                 ,
                 he
                 must
                 be
                 a
                 man
                 of
                 understanding
                 ,
                 and
                 must
                 know
                 the
                 Duties
                 of
                 his
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 discern
                 in
                 all
                 matters
                 that
                 comes
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 else
                 he
                 is
                 unfit
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Magistrat
                 :
                 he
                 must
                 distinguish
                 betwixt
                 the
                 weight
                 and
                 justice
                 of
                 the
                 complaint
                 and
                 malice
                 of
                 the
                 Plaintiff
                 ,
                 and
                 must
                 be
                 one
                 that
                 can
                 speak
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 and
                 judge
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 rule
                 thereof
                 ,
                 not
                 weak
                 for
                 abilities
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 Thus
                 
                   William
                   Shepherd
                   in
                   his
                   Epistle
                   to
                   the
                   Reader
                   before
                   hi●
                   Book
                   on
                   the
                   Justice
                   of
                   Peace
                   ,
                
                 who
                 hath
                 set
                 down
                 these
                 Qualifications
                 that
                 none
                 needs
                 expres●
                 them
                 better
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 I
                 referr
                 the
                 Reader
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 He
                 must
                 be
                 a
                 man
                 of
                 Courage
                 ,
                 that
                 will
                 doe
                 what
                 ever
                 he
                 finds
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Duty
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 of
                 all
                 opposition
                 from
                 men
                 ,
                 Psal.
                 82.3
                 ,
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Defend
                   the
                   poor
                   and
                   fatherless
                   ,
                   deliver
                   the
                   poor
                   and
                   needy
                   ,
                   and
                   rid
                   them
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   hand
                   of
                   the
                   wicked
                   .
                
                 Men
                 that
                 would
                 perform
                 such
                 Duties
                 would
                 needs
                 be
                 men
                 o●
                 
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 for
                 so
                 doth
                 the
                 word
                 Defender
                 and
                 Deliverer
                 import
                 :
                 hence
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 Faithfull
                 Rulers
                 are
                 called
                 
                   Patres
                   Patriae
                   ,
                   Fathers
                   of
                   their
                   Countrey
                   ,
                
                 because
                 defenders
                 of
                 their
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 because
                 defenders
                 and
                 deliverers
                 .
                 Therefore
                 one
                 that
                 will
                 be
                 boasted
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 from
                 their
                 Duty
                 by
                 the
                 threat
                 of
                 a
                 greater
                 person
                 ,
                 or
                 down
                 cast
                 of
                 countenance
                 from
                 men
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ;
                 is
                 not
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Magistrat
                 .
                 Men
                 of
                 Spirit
                 and
                 Courage
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 frighted
                 from
                 their
                 Duty
                 by
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 but
                 will
                 hazard
                 all
                 that
                 is
                 dearest
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 discharge
                 of
                 a
                 necessary
                 Duty
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 Rules
                 of
                 Prudence
                 being
                 duely
                 and
                 discreetly
                 observed
                 )
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 judged
                 as
                 proud
                 or
                 willfull
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 work
                 is
                 the
                 LORDS
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 hath
                 the
                 promise
                 of
                 his
                 presence
                 and
                 out-bearing
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 Chron.
                 19.6
                 ,
                 11.
                 
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 An
                 able
                 man
                 is
                 a
                 wise
                 man
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 teacheth
                 not
                 onely
                 the
                 Duties
                 themselves
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 but
                 reacheth
                 the
                 circumstances
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 time
                 ,
                 place
                 and
                 manner
                 of
                 doing
                 them
                 .
                 So
                 Prov.
                 8.15
                 .
                 
                   By
                   me
                
                 (
                 sayes
                 Wisdom
                 )
                 
                   Kings
                   Reign
                   ,
                   and
                   Princes
                   decree
                   Justice
                   .
                
                 And
                 vers
                 .
                 20.
                 
                 
                   I
                   lead
                   in
                   the
                   way
                   of
                   Righteousness
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   the
                   paths
                   of
                   Judgement
                   .
                
                 So
                 that
                 a
                 man
                 by
                 Wisdom
                 will
                 propose
                 not
                 onely
                 a
                 good
                 end
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour
                 to
                 perform
                 a
                 good
                 Duty
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 will
                 use
                 right
                 means
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 circumstantiat
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 every
                 
                 very
                 step
                 and
                 path
                 of
                 his
                 way
                 shall
                 be
                 in
                 Righteousnes
                 .
                 A
                 wise
                 man
                 ponders
                 all
                 his
                 actions
                 .
                 Psal.
                 112.5
                 .
                 
                   He
                   will
                   guide
                   his
                   affairs
                   with
                   discretion
                   ,
                
                 discerning
                 when
                 to
                 doe
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 to
                 forbear
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 manner
                 how
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 not
                 every
                 thing
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 thus
                 much
                 for
                 an
                 able
                 man.
                 
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 He
                 must
                 be
                 a
                 man
                 fearing
                 GOD
                 ,
                 not
                 a
                 man
                 wicked
                 in
                 life
                 and
                 conversation
                 ,
                 for
                 Power
                 without
                 Piety
                 is
                 but
                 armed
                 injustice
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 an
                 active
                 man
                 that
                 can
                 do
                 much
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 do
                 much
                 mischief
                 .
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 a
                 bad
                 maxime
                 ,
                 that
                 an
                 ill
                 man
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 good
                 Magistrat
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 to
                 have
                 more
                 truth
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 that
                 hath
                 no
                 care
                 to
                 reforme
                 himself
                 ,
                 will
                 never
                 have
                 care
                 to
                 reforme
                 others
                 .
                 Magistrats
                 are
                 called
                 Gods
                 ,
                 Psal.
                 82.6
                 .
                 
                   I
                   said
                   ye
                   are
                   Gods.
                
                 And
                 it
                 were
                 well
                 that
                 they
                 did
                 represent
                 more
                 of
                 Divine
                 Perfections
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 shamefull
                 thing
                 to
                 see
                 a
                 man
                 in
                 honour
                 have
                 no
                 likness
                 to
                 GOD
                 in
                 Holiness
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Emperour
                   Constantius
                
                 said
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 a
                 discovery
                 of
                 these
                 Courtiers
                 who
                 were
                 easily
                 tempted
                 to
                 forsake
                 the
                 Christian
                 Religion
                 ,
                 
                   They
                   can
                   never
                   be
                   faithfull
                   to
                   me
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   not
                   faithfull
                   to
                   GOD.
                
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 GOD
                 that
                 makes
                 a
                 Magistrat
                 behave
                 himself
                 as
                 one
                 that
                 GOD
                 takes
                 special
                 notice
                 of
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 administrations
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 be
                 more
                 affraid
                 to
                 do
                 
                 any
                 wrong
                 ,
                 than
                 if
                 all
                 the
                 men
                 on
                 Earth
                 were
                 to
                 judge
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 actions
                 ,
                 ever
                 remembring
                 that
                 word
                 ,
                 Psal.
                 82.1
                 .
                 
                   GOD
                   standeth
                   in
                   the
                   congregation
                   of
                   the
                   Mighty
                   ,
                   he
                   judgeth
                   among
                   the
                   Gods.
                   
                
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 He
                 should
                 be
                 a
                 man
                 of
                 Truth
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 a
                 plain
                 upright
                 man
                 ,
                 that
                 loves
                 truth
                 in
                 himself
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 counts
                 it
                 his
                 duty
                 and
                 dignity
                 to
                 sift
                 it
                 out
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 found
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 embrace
                 and
                 mantain
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 uttermost
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 will
                 easily
                 prove
                 a
                 false
                 friend
                 that
                 will
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 dare
                 to
                 falsifie
                 truth
                 for
                 his
                 friend
                 :
                 such
                 men
                 cannot
                 be
                 stable
                 and
                 firm
                 in
                 any
                 good
                 duty
                 ,
                 neither
                 will
                 he
                 stand
                 for
                 the
                 Truth
                 and
                 Righteousness
                 in
                 an
                 hour
                 of
                 temptation
                 ▪
                 Jam.
                 1.18
                 .
                 
                   The
                   double
                   minded
                   man
                   is
                   unstable
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 He
                 must
                 be
                 a
                 man
                 hating
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 little
                 ground
                 to
                 expect
                 justice
                 from
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 covetous
                 ,
                 for
                 Prov.
                 28.21
                 .
                 Solomon
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   for
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   Bread
                   that
                   man
                   will
                   transgress
                   ,
                
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 for
                 any
                 carnall
                 advantage
                 or
                 gain
                 that
                 man
                 will
                 wrest
                 justice
                 ,
                 for
                 coveto●sness
                 is
                 not
                 onely
                 Idolatry
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 makes
                 a
                 Judge
                 an
                 Idol
                 as
                 Psal.
                 115.5
                 ,
                 6.
                 
                 
                   That
                   hath
                   eyes
                   and
                   see
                   not
                   ,
                   eares
                   and
                   hear
                   not
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   mouth
                   but
                   speaketh
                   not
                   .
                
              
               
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 He
                 should
                 be
                 a
                 just
                 man
                 ,
                 equall
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 not
                 partiall
                 nor
                 respecting
                 persons
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 holden
                 out
                 from
                 2.
                 
                 Sam.
                 23.3
                 ,
                 4.
                 
                 
                   He
                   that
                   
                   ruleth
                   over
                   men
                   must
                   be
                   just
                   ,
                   ruling
                   in
                   the
                   f●ar
                   of
                   GOD
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 Rulers
                 should
                 doe
                 as
                 the
                 LORD
                 himself
                 would
                 doe
                 ,
                 2.
                 
                 Chron.
                 19.7
                 .
                 
                   With
                   the
                   LORD
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   respect
                   of
                   persons
                   ,
                   nor
                   taking
                   of
                   gifts
                   .
                
              
               
                 Sixthly
                 ,
                 He
                 must
                 be
                 a
                 man
                 ,
                 Gentle
                 ,
                 Affable
                 ,
                 not
                 a
                 froward
                 ,
                 hasty
                 or
                 passionat
                 man
                 ,
                 for
                 such
                 will
                 not
                 patiently
                 endure
                 to
                 hear
                 many
                 complaints
                 of
                 the
                 Poor
                 .
                 Moses
                 a
                 great
                 Ruler
                 is
                 highly
                 commended
                 for
                 his
                 Meekness
                 ,
                 Numb
                 .
                 12.3
                 .
                 So
                 CHRIST
                 as
                 a
                 KING
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 Meek
                 .
                 Mat.
                 21.5
                 .
              
               
                 Seventhly
                 ,
                 He
                 should
                 be
                 an
                 active
                 man
                 ,
                 and
                 diligent
                 in
                 prosecution
                 of
                 duty
                 and
                 not
                 lazie
                 .
              
               
                 Eightly
                 ,
                 He
                 should
                 be
                 a
                 man
                 of
                 good
                 repute
                 ,
                 and
                 known
                 amongst
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 as
                 Deut.
                 1.13.15
                 .
                 Not
                 an
                 obscure
                 and
                 mean
                 man
                 ,
                 for
                 Power
                 will
                 arme
                 Skill
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 not
                 that
                 every
                 Magistrat
                 in
                 a
                 Town
                 must
                 be
                 worth
                 so
                 many
                 Thousands
                 &c
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 had
                 need
                 to
                 have
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 he
                 may
                 live
                 honestly
                 upon
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 necessitated
                 to
                 use
                 any
                 Trade
                 or
                 Employment
                 unbeseeming
                 his
                 Office.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 was
                 a
                 fault
                 amongst
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 justly
                 taxed
                 by
                 Aristotle
                 ,
                 and
                 esteemed
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 causes
                 of
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 that
                 great
                 and
                 mighty
                 Common-wealth
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 their
                 choise
                 of
                 their
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 a
                 greater
                 regard
                 to
                 rich
                 men
                 then
                 to
                 men
                 of
                 worth
                 and
                 vertue
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 their
                 reason
                 was
                 ,
                 because
                 men
                 of
                 great
                 Estates
                 might
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 attend
                 the
                 Effaires
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 :
                 therefore
                 ,
                 when
                 men
                 are
                 rich
                 and
                 vertuous
                 also
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 preferable
                 to
                 all
                 others
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 was
                 a
                 ready
                 way
                 to
                 open
                 a
                 door
                 to
                 all
                 avarice
                 and
                 fraud
                 said
                 that
                 great
                 Philosopher
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 Government
                 from
                 the
                 Noble
                 and
                 truely
                 Vertuous
                 ,
                 and
                 monopolize
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 a
                 few
                 covetous
                 ambitious
                 rich
                 men
                 ,
                 whereas
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 easily
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 duty
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 prevented
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 taking
                 such
                 order
                 that
                 the
                 best
                 men
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 of
                 greatest
                 abilities
                 and
                 vertues
                 might
                 not
                 onely
                 abstain
                 from
                 base
                 Callings
                 and
                 Employments
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 actually
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 out
                 of
                 Office
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 Corporation
                 in
                 their
                 Government
                 might
                 have
                 been
                 cured
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 ruin
                 happily
                 prevented
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 were
                 good
                 policie
                 to
                 prefer
                 the
                 Vertuous
                 though
                 meaner
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 vicious
                 and
                 unworthy
                 though
                 richer
                 for
                 it
                 were
                 fit
                 he
                 did
                 excell
                 other
                 men
                 though
                 not
                 in
                 Riches
                 and
                 Estate
                 ,
                 yet
                 in
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 Piety
                 ,
                 Courage
                 and
                 better
                 Qualifications
                 .
                 Prov.
                 12.26
                 .
                 
                   The
                   Righteous
                   is
                   more
                   excellent
                   than
                   his
                   neighbour
                   .
                
                 It
                 s
                 such
                 that
                 prepares
                 their
                 heart
                 for
                 their
                 Duty
                 and
                 will
                 make
                 conscience
                 of
                 diligence
                 therein
                 ,
                 and
                 seek
                 the
                 advancement
                 of
                 the
                 interests
                 of
                 CHRIST
                 ,
                 the
                 Cities
                 prosperity
                 and
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 all
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 under
                 their
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 I
                 
                 would
                 recomend
                 to
                 all
                 Magistrats
                 to
                 study
                 these
                 Scriptures
                 well
                 .
                 Psal.
                 75.2
                 .
                 Psal.
                 101.8
                 .
                 Psal.
                 82.
                 throughout
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 some
                 say
                 ,
                 we
                 cannot
                 find
                 Magistrats
                 with
                 such
                 Qualifications
                 in
                 every
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 we
                 must
                 take
                 them
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 Answere
                 ,
                 That
                 should
                 not
                 hinder
                 to
                 set
                 down
                 all
                 the
                 best
                 Qualifications
                 which
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 wished
                 in
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 all
                 good
                 Magistrats
                 ought
                 to
                 study
                 to
                 have
                 ,
                 and
                 Cities
                 are
                 to
                 choise
                 the
                 best
                 they
                 can
                 have
                 ,
                 seeing
                 the
                 Holy
                 Scriptures
                 have
                 recomended
                 such
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 we
                 ought
                 to
                 pray
                 that
                 GOD
                 would
                 raise
                 up
                 many
                 such
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 we
                 must
                 do
                 as
                 we
                 may
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 cannot
                 do
                 as
                 we
                 would
                 .
              
               
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 having
                 hinted
                 at
                 the
                 good
                 Qualities
                 Magistrats
                 should
                 have
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 also
                 touch
                 a
                 little
                 what
                 a
                 sad
                 thing
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 a
                 City
                 to
                 have
                 ill
                 men
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 Rulers
                 ,
                 because
                 
                   Contraria
                   juxta
                   se
                   posita
                   clarius
                   elucescunt
                   .
                   Contraries
                   set
                   together
                   ,
                   make
                   both
                   the
                   more
                   discernable
                   .
                
              
               
                 Psal.
                 82.5
                 .
                 David
                 regrates
                 this
                 as
                 a
                 sad
                 judgement
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 ,
                 that
                 men
                 in
                 Authority
                 were
                 ignorant
                 and
                 perverse
                 ,
                 
                   &c.
                   
                   They
                   know
                   not
                   neither
                   will
                   they
                   understand
                   ,
                   they
                   walk
                   on
                   in
                   darkness
                
                 :
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 subjoyns
                 ,
                 
                   All
                   the
                   foundations
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   are
                   out
                   of
                   course
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   They
                   know
                   not
                
                 ,
                 This
                 implyes
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 a
                 blockish
                 ignorance
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 like
                 they
                 might
                 
                 have
                 naturall
                 Parts
                 like
                 other
                 men
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 know
                 not
                 that
                 GOD
                 stands
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 His
                 eye
                 is
                 on
                 them
                 taking
                 speciall
                 notice
                 of
                 their
                 iniquity
                 and
                 injustice
                 and
                 bearing
                 more
                 favour
                 to
                 the
                 wicked
                 ,
                 nor
                 to
                 the
                 poor
                 and
                 innocent
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 may
                 read
                 in
                 the
                 Scriptures
                 that
                 GOD
                 stands
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 notices
                 their
                 doings
                 ,
                 yet
                 
                   They
                   will
                   not
                   understand
                
                 ,
                 this
                 holds
                 out
                 their
                 perversness
                 ,
                 and
                 willfull
                 Atheism
                 ,
                 as
                 Psal.
                 10.11
                 .
                 
                   He
                   hath
                   said
                   in
                   his
                   heart
                   ,
                   GOD
                   hath
                   forgotten
                   :
                   he
                   hideth
                   his
                   face
                   he
                   will
                   never
                   see
                   it
                   .
                
                 vers
                 .
                 13.
                 
                 
                   He
                   hath
                   said
                   in
                   his
                   heart
                   ,
                   Thou
                   wilt
                   not
                   require
                   it
                   ,
                
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 boldly
                 dares
                 to
                 do
                 any
                 injustice
                 that
                 his
                 lusts
                 will
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 really
                 in
                 the
                 presence
                 of
                 his
                 Great
                 Judge
                 .
              
               
                 
                   They
                   walk
                   on
                   in
                   Darkness
                
                 ,
                 Though
                 their
                 Duty
                 were
                 never
                 so
                 clearly
                 hold
                 out
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 yeeld
                 to
                 the
                 Obedience
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 walk
                 on
                 after
                 the
                 perverse
                 dispositions
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 hearts
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 obstinate
                 wills
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 the
                 pure
                 Word
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 and
                 His
                 revealed
                 Will.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 caise
                 the
                 Psalmists
                 conclusion
                 will
                 hold
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   all
                   the
                   Foundations
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   are
                   out
                   of
                   course
                   ,
                
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 all
                 Judges
                 and
                 Judicatories
                 which
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 refreshfull
                 to
                 the
                 Poor
                 ,
                 needy
                 and
                 oppressed
                 ,
                 that
                 ought
                 to
                 strengthen
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 do
                 well
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 terrour
                 to
                 
                 evil
                 doers
                 ,
                 are
                 now
                 running
                 in
                 a
                 just
                 contrary
                 course
                 and
                 
                   when
                   the
                   foundations
                   are
                   destroyed
                   ,
                   what
                   can
                   the
                   Righteous
                   doe
                   ,
                   Psal.
                
                 11.3
                 .
                 Sure
                 they
                 need
                 look
                 for
                 no
                 relief
                 from
                 all
                 their
                 oppressions
                 and
                 inj●ries
                 from
                 men
                 ,
                 but
                 commit
                 themselves
                 to
                 GOD
                 who
                 is
                 the
                 helper
                 of
                 the
                 fatherless
                 ,
                 Psal.
                 10.14
                 .
                 and
                 12.5
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 all
                 this
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 the
                 great
                 blessing
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 a
                 City
                 or
                 Town
                 to
                 have
                 faithfull
                 ,
                 able
                 and
                 pious
                 Rulers
                 ,
                 Prov.
                 29.2
                 .
                 
                   When
                   the
                   righteous
                   are
                   in
                   authority
                   the
                   people
                   rejoyce
                   ,
                   but
                   when
                   the
                   wicked
                   beareth
                   rule
                   ,
                   the
                   people
                   murmur
                   .
                
                 It
                 is
                 therefore
                 an
                 incumbent
                 duty
                 on
                 all
                 to
                 pray
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 LORD
                 would
                 raise
                 many
                 able
                 men
                 up
                 in
                 their
                 respective
                 Towns
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 to
                 seek
                 it
                 of
                 GOD
                 to
                 make
                 all
                 the
                 present
                 Incumbents
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 Authority
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 such
                 as
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XX.
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Duties
                 and
                 Office
                 of
                 the
                 Provest
                 .
              
               
                 HAving
                 recommended
                 severall
                 Duties
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Councill
                 in
                 generall
                 are
                 to
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 and
                 prosperity
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 in
                 th●
                 foregoing
                 part
                 of
                 this
                 Treatis●
                 
                 I
                 presume
                 next
                 ,
                 to
                 set
                 down
                 the
                 Duties
                 of
                 the
                 severall
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Office-Bearers
                 ,
                 that
                 use
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 our
                 Councils
                 at
                 every
                 Years
                 Election
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 not
                 that
                 I
                 presume
                 to
                 know
                 these
                 Duties
                 better
                 than
                 others
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 satisfaction
                 of
                 new
                 Entrants
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 not
                 had
                 occasion
                 to
                 be
                 acquainted
                 with
                 such
                 Employments
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 and
                 chiefest
                 Magistrat
                 in
                 all
                 Burghs-Royal
                 is
                 the
                 Provest
                 .
                 Who
                 in
                 England
                 is
                 called
                 Mayor
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 called
                 him
                 
                   Consul
                   .
                   quia
                   bene
                   Rei-pub
                   .
                   consulat
                
                 Its
                 his
                 place
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 chief
                 care
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Effaires
                 and
                 Concernments
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 discharge
                 this
                 duty
                 in
                 ordinary
                 and
                 emergent
                 Affaires
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 forsee
                 and
                 provide
                 for
                 all
                 things
                 that
                 may
                 conduce
                 to
                 the
                 good
                 thereof
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 care
                 will
                 require
                 serious
                 consideration
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 may
                 advance
                 the
                 wellfare
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 part
                 thereof
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 any
                 danger
                 or
                 evill
                 that
                 may
                 fall
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 damnage
                 thereof
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 it
                 and
                 guard
                 against
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 It
                 is
                 his
                 place
                 to
                 preceed
                 in
                 Councill
                 ,
                 and
                 moderat
                 the
                 samen
                 and
                 to
                 take
                 speciall
                 notice
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 referrs
                 thereof
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 He
                 is
                 to
                 conveen
                 the
                 Councill
                 upon
                 extraordinary
                 dayes
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 doubtsome
                 matters
                 or
                 emergent
                 occasions
                 .
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 He
                 is
                 to
                 oversee
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Office-Bearers
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 all
                 doe
                 
                 their
                 Duties
                 and
                 acquit
                 themselves
                 diligently
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 that
                 relate
                 to
                 their
                 charge
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 s
                 not
                 enough
                 to
                 give
                 good
                 advice
                 and
                 Counsell
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 samen
                 be
                 not
                 put
                 in
                 execution
                 tymeously
                 and
                 seasonably
                 .
              
               
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 He
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 carefull
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Charters
                 and
                 evidents
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 Paper
                 that
                 is
                 of
                 importance
                 to
                 the
                 Towns
                 Concernments
                 be
                 punctualy
                 keeped
                 in
                 the
                 Towns-Charter-Chists
                 ,
                 or
                 where
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 preserved
                 ;
                 and
                 not
                 left
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 hands
                 else
                 where
                 ,
                 least
                 they
                 may
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 missed
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 in
                 seeking
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 neglect
                 of
                 these
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 keeping
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 ordinarly
                 is
                 the
                 Provest
                 chiefly
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Bailies
                 .
              
               
                 Sixthly
                 ,
                 And
                 above
                 all
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 care
                 he
                 be
                 just
                 ,
                 innocent
                 and
                 of
                 singular
                 integrity
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 behaviour
                 ,
                 for
                 an
                 ill
                 example
                 in
                 a
                 Magistrat
                 is
                 far
                 greater
                 than
                 a
                 fault
                 in
                 inferiour
                 persons
                 :
                 Therefore
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Magistrat
                 should
                 have
                 the
                 chiefest
                 care
                 of
                 his
                 publick
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 personall
                 behaviour
                 .
                 I
                 need
                 the
                 less
                 insist
                 upon
                 this
                 which
                 concerns
                 him
                 as
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Magistrat
                 ,
                 having
                 so
                 fully
                 holden
                 furth
                 the
                 Qualifications
                 he
                 should
                 aim
                 at
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 Chapter
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXI
                 .
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Office
                 and
                 Duties
                 of
                 the
                 Bailies
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 next
                 Office
                 of
                 Magistracy
                 is
                 the
                 Bailies
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 English
                 call
                 Aldermen
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Romans
                 called
                 
                   Praetores
                   ,
                   quia
                   praeerant
                
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 Authority
                 with
                 the
                 Provest
                 in
                 all
                 our
                 Burghs
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 Decreets
                 and
                 execution
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 hence
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 have
                 called
                 the
                 
                   Provest
                   Primus
                   Balivorum
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Bailies
                 being
                 four
                 in
                 number
                 in
                 all
                 our
                 chief
                 Burghs
                 ,
                 their
                 charge
                 is
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 though
                 for
                 order
                 ,
                 and
                 easing
                 the
                 Burden
                 in
                 some
                 things
                 they
                 are
                 divided
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 divide
                 the
                 Town
                 in
                 four
                 Quarters
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 hath
                 his
                 propper
                 Quarter
                 alloted
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 choise
                 or
                 lots
                 according
                 to
                 agreement
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 It
                 is
                 his
                 Duty
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 an
                 exact
                 account
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Families
                 and
                 Persons
                 living
                 within
                 
                 his
                 Quarter
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 know
                 what
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 if
                 Citizens
                 or
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 their
                 Trade
                 or
                 Occupation
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 what
                 means
                 they
                 live
                 and
                 mantain
                 themselves
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 no
                 idle
                 ,
                 suspect
                 ,
                 or
                 scandalous
                 person
                 be
                 there
                 without
                 due
                 notice
                 taken
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 They
                 are
                 to
                 wait
                 (
                 
                   per
                   vices
                
                 )
                 every
                 one
                 a
                 moneth
                 about
                 in
                 the
                 Towns
                 publick
                 House
                 ,
                 or
                 Clerks-Chamber
                 thereof
                 ,
                 so
                 many
                 hours
                 every
                 day
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 from
                 ten
                 to
                 twelve
                 forenoon
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 hour
                 or
                 two
                 afternoon
                 ,
                 to
                 hear
                 Complaints
                 ,
                 examine
                 Parties
                 and
                 Witnesses
                 ,
                 and
                 accordingly
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 cause
                 to
                 set
                 down
                 Convictions
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 next
                 ordinary
                 Councill-day
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 guilty
                 persons
                 be
                 censured
                 by
                 the
                 whole
                 Councill
                 according
                 to
                 merit
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 It
                 s
                 his
                 duty
                 to
                 wait
                 on
                 the
                 weekly
                 and
                 publick
                 Courts
                 of
                 Judgement
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 but
                 two
                 dayes
                 ordinarly
                 every
                 Week
                 with
                 some
                 ,
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 every
                 Tuesday
                 and
                 Saturday
                 of
                 the
                 week
                 be
                 ten
                 of
                 the
                 clock
                 in
                 the
                 forenoon
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 sits
                 in
                 the
                 publick
                 Town-house
                 as
                 sole
                 Judge
                 in
                 all
                 Legal
                 Processes
                 that
                 are
                 amongst
                 Citizens
                 in
                 Civil
                 Differences
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 peculiarly
                 competent
                 to
                 be
                 determined
                 by
                 the
                 Lords
                 and
                 Senators
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Colledge
                   of
                   Justice
                
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 are
                 the
                 Supream
                 Judges
                 in
                 all
                 Civil
                 Controversies
                 for
                 the
                 whole
                 Nation
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 this
                 place
                 Bills
                 are
                 read
                 ,
                 Summonds
                 are
                 called
                 ,
                 Officiars
                 or
                 Serjants
                 faithfull
                 
                 Executions
                 thereof
                 carefully
                 noticed
                 and
                 cleared
                 ;
                 agreements
                 proposed
                 ,
                 and
                 reasonings
                 pro
                 and
                 contra
                 heard
                 from
                 the
                 Advocats
                 of
                 the
                 respective
                 Parties
                 ,
                 Processes
                 carried
                 on
                 to
                 Interloquitors
                 and
                 finall
                 Decreets
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 usuall
                 before
                 any
                 other
                 Civil
                 Judge
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 In
                 matters
                 of
                 great
                 difficultie
                 ,
                 the
                 Bailie
                 is
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 advice
                 and
                 judgement
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Towns
                   Consulter
                
                 ,
                 who
                 ought
                 alwayes
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 Learned
                 ,
                 Judicious
                 and
                 Discreet
                 Lawier
                 that
                 conveniently
                 may
                 be
                 had
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 yet
                 the
                 Magistrat
                 ought
                 not
                 wholly
                 to
                 captivat
                 his
                 Judgement
                 to
                 what
                 ever
                 he
                 advises
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 bound
                 to
                 ponder
                 well
                 ,
                 and
                 advise
                 if
                 his
                 Information
                 and
                 Judgement
                 be
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 known
                 Laws
                 and
                 common
                 Pratticks
                 of
                 the
                 Nation
                 ,
                 and
                 according
                 to
                 Conscience
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 it
                 concernes
                 every
                 Magistrat
                 that
                 sits
                 in
                 Judgement
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Judicious
                 and
                 Intelligent
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 that
                 is
                 carefull
                 to
                 have
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 and
                 Civil
                 Pratticks
                 ,
                 lest
                 otherwise
                 he
                 may
                 ignorantly
                 be
                 made
                 to
                 pronounce
                 Decreet
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 according
                 to
                 Equity
                 and
                 Justice
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 partiality
                 of
                 the
                 Consulter
                 ,
                 who
                 possibly
                 hath
                 been
                 solicited
                 or
                 brybed
                 by
                 the
                 injurious
                 Partie
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Consulter
                 should
                 be
                 not
                 onely
                 able
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 person
                 of
                 singular
                 Integrity
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 ,
                 I
                 judge
                 the
                 whole
                 
                   Magistrats
                   ,
                   Provest
                
                 and
                 Bailies
                 ,
                 should
                 advert
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 particulars
                 
                 in
                 the
                 foregoing
                 Chapters
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 laid
                 before
                 the
                 Councill
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 as
                 opportunities
                 may
                 be
                 offered
                 and
                 occasion
                 given
                 ,
                 seeing
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 are
                 as
                 the
                 hands
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 heads
                 of
                 the
                 Councill
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 in
                 execution
                 what
                 ever
                 they
                 enact
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 a
                 Council
                 did
                 make
                 all
                 the
                 profitable
                 Acts
                 and
                 Constitutions
                 imaginable
                 for
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 to
                 small
                 purpose
                 if
                 diligent
                 and
                 active
                 Magistrats
                 be
                 wanting
                 .
                 Therefore
                 ,
                 let
                 Magistrats
                 notice
                 these
                 desireable
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 endued
                 with
                 ,
                 mentioned
                 in
                 the
                 former
                 Chapter
                 of
                 this
                 Treatise
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXII
                 .
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Office
                 and
                 Duty
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild.
                
                 
              
               
                 THe
                 next
                 Office-bearer
                 to
                 the
                 Provest
                 and
                 Bailies
                 is
                 the
                 
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 ,
                 whose
                 Duty
                 is
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Charge
                 usually
                 given
                 him
                 after
                 his
                 Election
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 He
                 is
                 the
                 Towns-Fiscall
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 is
                 to
                 accuse
                 all
                 Fore-stallers
                 of
                 
                   Staple
                   Commodities
                
                 ,
                 and
                 see
                 
                 them
                 convicted
                 by
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 according
                 to
                 Law
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 be
                 censured
                 by
                 the
                 Council
                 at
                 their
                 next
                 siting
                 ;
                 also
                 ,
                 to
                 accuse
                 all
                 other
                 publick
                 Transgressors
                 ,
                 as
                 incroachers
                 upon
                 the
                 Towns
                 Priviledges
                 or
                 Magistrats
                 thereof
                 ,
                 or
                 brakers
                 of
                 the
                 Paenall
                 Statutes
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 He
                 is
                 to
                 receive
                 and
                 count
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 Fines
                 and
                 unlawes
                 of
                 the
                 convicted
                 persons
                 censured
                 by
                 the
                 Councill
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 personall
                 punishment
                 be
                 inflicted
                 with
                 an
                 alternative
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 redeemed
                 therefrom
                 by
                 such
                 a
                 summ
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 see
                 that
                 the
                 sentence
                 be
                 executed
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 the
                 Clerk
                 insert
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 book
                 of
                 Convicts
                 and
                 Fines
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 countable
                 for
                 the
                 Money
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 alwayes
                 to
                 be
                 supposed
                 by
                 the
                 Auditors
                 of
                 the
                 Towns
                 Counts
                 ,
                 that
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 evidence
                 of
                 inflicting
                 of
                 the
                 personall
                 punishment
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 that
                 caise
                 the
                 
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 hath
                 received
                 the
                 Money
                 as
                 the
                 alternative
                 thereof
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 likewise
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Fines
                 of
                 Fore-stallers
                 as
                 convicted
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 censured
                 by
                 the
                 Councill
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 He
                 is
                 to
                 receive
                 all
                 the
                 Money
                 for
                 Casualities
                 belonging
                 to
                 his
                 Office
                 ;
                 as
                 for
                 instance
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 should
                 come
                 a
                 Stranger
                 with
                 any
                 Merchant
                 Commodities
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 that
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 divided
                 amongst
                 the
                 Merchants
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 due
                 proportions
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 would
                 cause
                 mistakes
                 and
                 strifes
                 to
                 arise
                 ,
                 if
                 some
                 got
                 thereof
                 and
                 others
                 nothing
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 caice
                 it
                 
                 is
                 his
                 Duty
                 to
                 conveen
                 the
                 Merchants
                 by
                 publick
                 intimation
                 with
                 the
                 hand
                 Bell
                 ,
                 and
                 represent
                 the
                 caice
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 their
                 consent
                 obtained
                 ,
                 to
                 roup
                 the
                 Commodity
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 profit
                 he
                 gains
                 more
                 than
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 pay
                 the
                 Stranger
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 charge
                 himself
                 therewith
                 ,
                 either
                 amongst
                 the
                 common
                 accidents
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 whole
                 Town
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 his
                 Count
                 of
                 the
                 Gild-Box
                 for
                 their
                 Poor
                 ,
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 condescended
                 by
                 the
                 meeting
                 .
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 He
                 is
                 to
                 have
                 speciall
                 care
                 that
                 no
                 privat
                 person
                 buy
                 any
                 Forraign
                 Commodity
                 from
                 a
                 Stranger
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 buy
                 it
                 himself
                 ;
                 yet
                 with
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 sure
                 that
                 it
                 be
                 taken
                 off
                 his
                 hand
                 at
                 the
                 rate
                 agreed
                 for
                 and
                 with
                 profit
                 ,
                 seeing
                 Strangers
                 are
                 not
                 Burgesses
                 and
                 not
                 free
                 to
                 Trade
                 ,
                 therefore
                 the
                 Stranger
                 is
                 holden
                 to
                 make
                 his
                 first
                 offer
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 sell
                 to
                 any
                 other
                 privat
                 Burger
                 till
                 then
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 no
                 privat
                 person
                 shall
                 have
                 it
                 under
                 wha●
                 he
                 offered
                 it
                 for
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild.
                
                 
              
               
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 It
                 is
                 his
                 Duty
                 to
                 look
                 carefully
                 that
                 the
                 Towns
                 Statutes
                 be
                 keept
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Prices
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 which
                 the
                 Council
                 hath
                 se●
                 down
                 for
                 that
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 Sixthly
                 ,
                 He
                 is
                 to
                 see
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Weight
                 and
                 Measures
                 whether
                 publick
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 publick
                 Weights
                 in
                 the
                 Weigh●
                 house
                 ,
                 Barrells
                 ,
                 Kinkins
                 ,
                 Firlots
                 ,
                 Pecks
                 Elnes
                 and
                 Metts
                 :
                 as
                 also
                 these
                 of
                 privat
                 person
                 
                 in
                 their
                 Trading
                 and
                 privat
                 Shops
                 or
                 Malt-men
                 ,
                 Wine
                 and
                 Ale-sellers
                 ,
                 their
                 Elnes
                 ,
                 Stoups
                 ,
                 Weights
                 ,
                 &c
                 that
                 all
                 these
                 be
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Act
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 severall
                 standards
                 appointed
                 and
                 approven
                 thereby
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 being
                 
                   Censor
                   Morum
                   &
                   Delictorum
                
                 hath
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Charge
                 lying
                 on
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 ever
                 they
                 be
                 that
                 are
                 faulty
                 or
                 short
                 in
                 these
                 things
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 accuse
                 them
                 and
                 see
                 them
                 convict
                 and
                 censured
                 by
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Councill
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 take
                 in
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 his
                 Assessors
                 ,
                 in
                 consulting
                 what
                 abuses
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 noticed
                 in
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 of
                 alse
                 great
                 moment
                 to
                 his
                 place
                 as
                 to
                 give
                 Judgement
                 in
                 matters
                 of
                 controversie
                 betwixt
                 Merchants
                 in
                 his
                 Court.
                 
              
               
                 Seventhly
                 ,
                 He
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 carefull
                 to
                 recommend
                 to
                 the
                 Councill
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 elect
                 for
                 his
                 Assessors
                 the
                 Wisest
                 ,
                 Gravest
                 and
                 most
                 Experimented
                 Persons
                 in
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 who
                 will
                 make
                 Conscience
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 faithful
                 discharge
                 of
                 his
                 Duty
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 those
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 keep
                 Court
                 every
                 week
                 once
                 and
                 as
                 occasion
                 requires
                 ;
                 where
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 preceed
                 for
                 hearing
                 and
                 judging
                 of
                 all
                 causes
                 and
                 differences
                 betwixt
                 Merchants
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 Merchants
                 and
                 Sea-men
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 Jac.
                 6.
                 
                 Parl.
                 13.
                 c.
                 180.
                 
              
               
                 Eightly
                 ,
                 With
                 these
                 his
                 Assessors
                 he
                 is
                 seriously
                 to
                 consider
                 how
                 to
                 increase
                 ,
                 preserve
                 and
                 distribute
                 the
                 money
                 of
                 the
                 Gild-Box
                 ,
                 for
                 relief
                 
                 of
                 decayed
                 and
                 poor
                 
                   Bretheren
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 ,
                 their
                 Relicts
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 discretion
                 and
                 Charity
                 .
              
               
                 Ninthly
                 ,
                 He
                 is
                 seriously
                 to
                 propose
                 at
                 the
                 meeting
                 of
                 his
                 Court
                 ,
                 if
                 any
                 have
                 an
                 Overture
                 to
                 offer
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 practicable
                 ,
                 for
                 promoving
                 ,
                 securing
                 and
                 advancing
                 the
                 Trade
                 of
                 Merchandising
                 in
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 gravely
                 to
                 debate
                 thereanent
                 ,
                 and
                 prosecute
                 it
                 after
                 due
                 deliberation
                 according
                 to
                 Reason
                 and
                 Discretion
                 .
              
               
                 Tenthly
                 ,
                 He
                 is
                 to
                 press
                 them
                 earnestly
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 abuses
                 or
                 transgression
                 of
                 
                   Publick
                   Laws
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Towns-Statutes
                 by
                 any
                 that
                 keeps
                 the
                 weekly
                 Mercats
                 in
                 any
                 kind
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 that
                 contraveen
                 the
                 Statutes
                 ,
                 that
                 redress
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 and
                 the
                 guilty
                 punished
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Towns-Statutes
                 for
                 regulation
                 of
                 prices
                 would
                 every
                 Year
                 be
                 written
                 in
                 the
                 Gild-Court-Book
                 ,
                 and
                 often
                 read
                 for
                 memories
                 sake
                 .
              
               
                 Eleventhly
                 ,
                 He
                 is
                 to
                 consider
                 what
                 reparation
                 the
                 Towns-House
                 or
                 
                   Tolbooth
                   ,
                   Pack-House
                   ,
                   Weigh-House
                
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 publick
                 Works
                 that
                 belong
                 onely
                 to
                 his
                 Charge
                 requires
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 cause
                 the
                 same
                 diligently
                 be
                 performed
                 by
                 the
                 respective
                 Artists
                 and
                 Tradesmen
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 thing
                 whereby
                 the
                 Town
                 may
                 be
                 better
                 accommodated
                 or
                 adorned
                 without
                 profusness
                 ,
                 or
                 prodigall
                 expenses
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 think
                 upon
                 such
                 things
                 and
                 propose
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Councill
                 .
              
               
               
                 By
                 these
                 foresaid
                 particulars
                 this
                 charge
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 weighty
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 found
                 gross
                 disorders
                 in
                 the
                 Town
                 in
                 matters
                 relating
                 to
                 his
                 Office
                 as
                 before
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 justly
                 imputed
                 to
                 the
                 neglect
                 and
                 unfaithfulness
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 more
                 immediatly
                 than
                 to
                 any
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 still
                 lyes
                 upon
                 them
                 to
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 his
                 Duty
                 if
                 he
                 shall
                 be
                 found
                 wanting
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 a
                 man
                 shall
                 worthily
                 acquit
                 himself
                 in
                 all
                 duties
                 belonging
                 to
                 this
                 Charge
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 without
                 doubt
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 weightiest
                 in
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 ;
                 he
                 may
                 remember
                 how
                 the
                 famous
                 
                   Roman
                   Cato
                
                 was
                 surnamed
                 the
                 Censor
                 ,
                 all
                 his
                 life
                 and
                 ever
                 since
                 also
                 ,
                 not
                 as
                 if
                 there
                 had
                 been
                 none
                 in
                 that
                 Office
                 but
                 he
                 :
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 be
                 ore
                 and
                 after
                 him
                 in
                 that
                 Charge
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 he
                 did
                 discharge
                 his
                 Duty
                 most
                 faithfully
                 and
                 diligently
                 ,
                 he
                 obtained
                 that
                 designation
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 in
                 that
                 Office
                 he
                 had
                 obtained
                 a
                 victory
                 or
                 gotten
                 a
                 Triumph
                 .
                 Even
                 as
                 Scipio
                 was
                 sirnamed
                 Africanus
                 ,
                 from
                 these
                 Heroick
                 Victories
                 he
                 obtained
                 there
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 onely
                 say
                 as
                 Paul
                 the
                 Apostle
                 said
                 of
                 an
                 Elder
                 that
                 ruled
                 well
                 ,
                 1.
                 
                 Tim.
                 5.17
                 .
                 That
                 he
                 that
                 dischargeth
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 well
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 counted
                 worthy
                 of
                 double
                 Honour
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXIII
                 .
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Office
                 and
                 Duty
                 of
                 the
                 Towns-Thesaurer
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 next
                 Office-bearer
                 is
                 the
                 Thesaurer
                 ,
                 of
                 whose
                 Duty
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 receive
                 a
                 particular
                 account
                 Yearly
                 after
                 his
                 Election
                 from
                 the
                 Towns-Clerk
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 alwise
                 expedient
                 he
                 be
                 a
                 person
                 who
                 can
                 command
                 ready
                 money
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 his
                 predecessor
                 be
                 super-expended
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 pay
                 him
                 at
                 the
                 Term
                 immediatly
                 ensuing
                 to
                 the
                 Election
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 advance
                 any
                 money
                 due
                 to
                 the
                 Towns-Stipendiaries
                 at
                 the
                 said
                 Term
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 any
                 other
                 ordinary
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 times
                 extraordinary
                 advancements
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 publick
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 may
                 require
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 which
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 gather
                 in
                 the
                 Towns
                 propper
                 revenues
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 be
                 
                   Fwes
                   of
                   Lands
                
                 within
                 the
                 
                   Freedom
                   of
                   the
                   Town
                
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 some
                 Towns
                 have
                 
                   Fwes
                   of
                   Salmond-fishings
                
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 ferm
                 duties
                 as
                 of
                 
                   Mills
                   ,
                   Pack-house
                
                 and
                 
                   weigh-House
                   ,
                   Customs
                
                 and
                 Tolls
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 
                 other
                 such
                 like
                 duties
                 as
                 are
                 insert
                 in
                 his
                 charge
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 all
                 these
                 will
                 not
                 serve
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 advertise
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Council
                 thereof
                 ,
                 that
                 either
                 moneys
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 resing
                 be
                 other
                 persons
                 may
                 be
                 called
                 for
                 ,
                 or
                 an
                 taxation
                 to
                 be
                 imposed
                 upon
                 all
                 the
                 free
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 tymously
                 granted
                 and
                 collected
                 for
                 his
                 satisfaction
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 year
                 of
                 his
                 office
                 expyre
              
               
                 I
                 must
                 add
                 for
                 the
                 encouragement
                 of
                 any
                 person
                 that
                 shall
                 be
                 in
                 this
                 Office
                 ,
                 I
                 never
                 knew
                 any
                 a
                 loser
                 in
                 their
                 debursments
                 for
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 unless
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 through
                 their
                 own
                 neglect
                 ,
                 in
                 not
                 timely
                 taking
                 up
                 and
                 using
                 diligence
                 against
                 the
                 per●ons
                 and
                 estates
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 indebted
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 it
                 fall
                 out
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 reflection
                 upon
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Councill
                 as
                 defective
                 of
                 discretion
                 ,
                 in
                 not
                 timely
                 provyd●ng
                 for
                 his
                 satisfaction
                 if
                 the
                 Thesaurer
                 have
                 given
                 them
                 timely
                 warning
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 severall
                 other
                 Office-Bearers
                 next
                 to
                 these
                 formerly
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 are
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 different
                 constitutions
                 of
                 the
                 severall
                 Royall-Burghs
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 some
                 have
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 the
                 Kirk-Works
                 and
                 Bridge-Works
                 ,
                 some
                 have
                 the
                 charge
                 to
                 the
                 Mortified-Moneyes
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 have
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 the
                 Hospitals
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 have
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 the
                 Shoar
                 or
                 Harbours
                 ,
                 or
                 Works
                 belonging
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 But
                 seeing
                 the
                 setled
                 Office-bearers
                 that
                 are
                 fixed
                 
                 and
                 constant
                 in
                 every
                 Royal-Burgh
                 are
                 spoke
                 to
                 at
                 some
                 length
                 ,
                 I
                 need
                 say
                 little
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 seeing
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 are
                 to
                 have
                 their
                 distinct
                 charge
                 which
                 is
                 sufficient
                 to
                 instruct
                 and
                 direct
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 duty
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 consulting
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 any
                 other
                 that
                 are
                 best
                 skilled
                 in
                 their
                 Effairs
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 counselled
                 what
                 to
                 do
                 and
                 how
                 to
                 behave
                 in
                 all
                 these
                 concernments
                 ,
                 as
                 become
                 judicious
                 and
                 discreet
                 Persons
                 that
                 are
                 chosen
                 to
                 these
                 Employments
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXIV
                 .
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Office
                 and
                 Duty
                 of
                 the
                 Towns-Clerk
                 or
                 Recorder
                 .
              
               
                 THough
                 the
                 Clerk
                 have
                 no
                 vote
                 in
                 Councill
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 is
                 a
                 necessary
                 constituent
                 Member
                 in
                 every
                 Judicature
                 and
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 wise
                 ,
                 sober
                 and
                 faithfull
                 man
                 :
                 a
                 person
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Laws
                 both
                 Nationall
                 and
                 Municipall
                 ;
                 eloquent
                 
                 in
                 Speech
                 ,
                 an
                 able
                 Pen-man
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 addicted
                 to
                 diligence
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Duties
                 of
                 his
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 that
                 will
                 make
                 Conscience
                 to
                 serve
                 GOD
                 and
                 Man
                 in
                 his
                 station
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 should
                 be
                 First
                 ,
                 Wise
                 and
                 Judicious
                 ,
                 that
                 thereby
                 he
                 may
                 discern
                 what
                 is
                 legall
                 and
                 just
                 ,
                 and
                 expedient
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 perceive
                 somethings
                 done
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 modestly
                 and
                 reverently
                 express
                 it
                 in
                 Councill
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 as
                 the
                 caice
                 requires
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 He
                 should
                 be
                 sober
                 ,
                 otherwayes
                 he
                 will
                 (
                 as
                 one
                 puft
                 up
                 with
                 self-conceit
                 )
                 incroach
                 upon
                 the
                 Duty
                 of
                 a
                 Magistrat
                 or
                 Counsellour
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 upon
                 him
                 to
                 carry
                 more
                 highly
                 than
                 becomes
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 unseemly
                 in
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 seldom
                 without
                 a
                 tacit
                 reflection
                 on
                 those
                 who
                 should
                 command
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 He
                 should
                 be
                 faithfull
                 ,
                 else
                 it
                 is
                 like
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 carried
                 with
                 Faction
                 ,
                 and
                 by●assed
                 with
                 respect
                 of
                 persons
                 in
                 his
                 collecting
                 and
                 marking
                 of
                 Votes
                 ,
                 and
                 conceiving
                 and
                 recording
                 of
                 Acts
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 detestable
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 sufficient
                 to
                 render
                 a
                 man
                 uncapable
                 of
                 all
                 trust
                 .
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 He
                 should
                 be
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 and
                 Municipal-Laws
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 that
                 thereby
                 he
                 may
                 order
                 processes
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 the
                 Courts
                 for
                 common
                 Pleas
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Bailies
                 sit
                 Judges
                 in
                 due
                 form
                 ,
                 and
                 happily
                 may
                 be
                 capable
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 abilities
                 
                 to
                 consult
                 the
                 Bailies
                 indifficult
                 Law
                 caices
                 ,
                 seeing
                 it
                 may
                 fall
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 oftentymes
                 
                   de
                   facto
                
                 doth
                 fall
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 young
                 men
                 are
                 made
                 Magistrats
                 that
                 are
                 little
                 acquainted
                 with
                 many
                 such
                 like
                 things
                 incumbent
                 to
                 his
                 Office
                 ,
                 which
                 an
                 intelligent
                 and
                 discreet
                 Clerk
                 may
                 be
                 often
                 very
                 instrumentall
                 to
                 help
                 .
              
               
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 Eloquent
                 in
                 speech
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 may
                 fal●
                 out
                 that
                 need
                 require
                 an
                 able
                 man
                 to
                 expres●
                 the
                 respects
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 a
                 PRINCE
                 ,
                 o●
                 some
                 Eminent
                 Noble
                 Person
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 represen●
                 the
                 caise
                 or
                 cause
                 the
                 Town
                 hath
                 to
                 lay
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 were
                 very
                 requisit●
                 he
                 were
                 Eloquent
                 and
                 confident
                 to
                 discharg●
                 this
                 Duty
                 ,
                 since
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 supposed
                 his
                 Breeding
                 and
                 Education
                 may
                 prompt
                 him
                 more
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 then
                 men
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 frequently
                 Magistrats
                 i●
                 Cities
                 ,
                 though
                 otherwayes
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 jud●cious
                 and
                 su●ficiently
                 qualified
                 .
              
               
                 Sixthly
                 ,
                 He
                 would
                 needs
                 be
                 an
                 able
                 Pe●
                 man
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 for
                 conceiving
                 clearly
                 Acts
                 an●
                 Decreets
                 ,
                 but
                 missive
                 Letters
                 to
                 Persons
                 of
                 a●
                 qualities
                 ,
                 he
                 onely
                 and
                 propperly
                 being
                 th●
                 
                   Towns
                   Secretarie
                
                 .
              
               
                 Seventhly
                 ,
                 Addicted
                 to
                 be
                 diligent
                 in
                 all
                 th●
                 duties
                 of
                 his
                 Charge
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 is
                 intrust●
                 with
                 recording
                 all
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Councils
                
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 D●creets
                 of
                 Bailies
                 and
                 
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild
                   Courts
                
                 ;
                 Bo●
                 and
                 all
                 such
                 publick
                 Concernments
                 in
                 the
                 Tow●
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 beware
                 of
                 loytering
                 or
                 leaving
                 hi●
                 
                 self
                 behind
                 in
                 filling
                 up
                 of
                 Books
                 and
                 Registers
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Councill
                 may
                 deligat
                 some
                 in
                 particular
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 that
                 the
                 minute
                 of
                 their
                 Acts
                 be
                 rightly
                 drawn
                 up
                 and
                 carefully
                 looked
                 to
                 in
                 their
                 Publick
                 Register
                 before
                 their
                 next
                 Meeting
                 .
              
               
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 He
                 would
                 needs
                 be
                 one
                 that
                 makes
                 Conscience
                 to
                 serve
                 GOD
                 and
                 Man
                 in
                 his
                 station
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 hath
                 this
                 Quality
                 joyned
                 to
                 his
                 other
                 abilities
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 forementioned
                 requisits
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 performed
                 .
                 He
                 will
                 not
                 covetously
                 extortion
                 any
                 he
                 hath
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 in
                 his
                 Employment
                 ,
                 but
                 rest
                 contented
                 with
                 such
                 rewards
                 as
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Councill
                 appoint
                 for
                 him
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 severall
                 Duties
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 discretion
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 leave
                 him
                 to
                 exact
                 what
                 he
                 lists
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXV
                 .
                 Concerning
                 some
                 Duties
                 incumbent
                 upon
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 joyntly
                 .
              
               
                 HAving
                 briefly
                 touched
                 the
                 duties
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 in
                 severall
                 Chapters
                 ,
                 and
                 pointed
                 at
                 the
                 Office
                 and
                 Duties
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 every
                 Office-bearer
                 by
                 themselves
                 apart
                 ,
                 I
                 crave
                 liberty
                 to
                 
                 mention
                 somethings
                 that
                 may
                 concern
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 in
                 common
                 and
                 jointly
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 First
                 ,
                 It
                 s
                 ye
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 visit
                 the
                 Schools
                 at
                 least
                 every
                 quarter
                 ,
                 with
                 such
                 persons
                 as
                 ye
                 think
                 fit
                 to
                 call
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 you
                 for
                 examina●ion
                 of
                 
                   Grammer-Rules
                   ,
                   Themes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 interpretation
                 and
                 analizing
                 of
                 Authors
                 :
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 it
                 were
                 fit
                 before
                 ye
                 went
                 ,
                 1.
                 
                 To
                 cause
                 read
                 s●ch
                 Mortifications
                 as
                 concern
                 the
                 Grammer-School
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 ,
                 that
                 ye
                 may
                 discharge
                 your
                 Trust
                 according
                 to
                 Conscience
                 .
                 2
                 ly
                 .
                 At
                 every
                 Visitation
                 read
                 over
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 the
                 School
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 some
                 Towns
                 have
                 been
                 severall
                 times
                 Printed
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 recorded
                 in
                 the
                 publick
                 Register
                 of
                 the
                 School
                 .
                 3
                 ly
                 .
                 Be
                 carefull
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 partiality
                 in
                 distributing
                 the
                 Praemia
                 or
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 best
                 Schollars
                 may
                 be
                 most
                 encouraged
                 .
                 4
                 ly
                 .
                 That
                 every
                 Visitation
                 be
                 particularly
                 Registred
                 in
                 the
                 School-Register
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 the
                 Visitors
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Schollars
                 that
                 gain
                 the
                 Praemiums
                 may
                 set
                 down
                 their
                 own
                 names
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 ground
                 upon
                 which
                 they
                 did
                 obtain
                 the
                 Praemium
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 the
                 putting
                 their
                 names
                 upon
                 record
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 as
                 considerable
                 an
                 encouragement
                 as
                 the
                 Praemium
                 it self
                 .
                 5
                 ly
                 .
                 The
                 Masters
                 attendance
                 and
                 faithfull
                 discharge
                 of
                 Duty
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 observance
                 of
                 the
                 appointed
                 hours
                 would
                 be
                 carefully
                 enquyred
                 into
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 exercise
                 of
                 Discipline
                 towards
                 the
                 Schollars
                 ,
                 and
                 defects
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 found
                 reproved
                 
                 and
                 recorded
                 in
                 the
                 Register
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 be
                 amended
                 against
                 the
                 next
                 Visitation
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 so
                 ,
                 the
                 amendment
                 to
                 be
                 recorded
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 last
                 blot
                 taken
                 off
                 .
                 This
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 visitation
                 of
                 Schools
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 further
                 requisit
                 ,
                 I
                 leave
                 it
                 to
                 your
                 ryper
                 considerations
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 constitution
                 of
                 Schools
                 in
                 the
                 several
                 Burghs
                 may
                 require
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 Ye
                 would
                 need
                 to
                 meet
                 together
                 shortly
                 after
                 your
                 Election
                 when
                 every
                 Office-bearer
                 hath
                 got
                 his
                 Charge
                 from
                 the
                 Clerk
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 every
                 one
                 a
                 day
                 a
                 part
                 ,
                 because
                 this
                 work
                 would
                 be
                 done
                 to
                 purpose
                 and
                 not
                 posted
                 over
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 read
                 over
                 his
                 Charge
                 whom
                 ye
                 call
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 recommend
                 it
                 to
                 his
                 care
                 and
                 diligence
                 what
                 is
                 incumbent
                 :
                 with
                 all
                 adding
                 that
                 in
                 respect
                 he
                 will
                 have
                 more
                 time
                 and
                 opportunity
                 to
                 perceive
                 what
                 is
                 amiss
                 under
                 his
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 will
                 be
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 upon
                 discovery
                 thereof
                 he
                 may
                 acquaint
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 or
                 Councill
                 that
                 course
                 may
                 be
                 taken
                 therewith
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 found
                 most
                 convenient
                 .
                 This
                 would
                 be
                 done
                 exactly
                 with
                 every
                 Office-bearer
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 It
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 work
                 very
                 suitable
                 to
                 your
                 place
                 ,
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 most
                 Prudent
                 ,
                 Judicious
                 and
                 Discreet
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 few
                 or
                 more
                 as
                 ye
                 think
                 fit
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 of
                 your
                 own
                 number
                 ,
                 and
                 call
                 them
                 and
                 lay
                 it
                 upon
                 them
                 Authoritatively
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 all
                 differences
                 ,
                 
                 plyes
                 ,
                 mistakes
                 ,
                 discords
                 or
                 heart-burnings
                 that
                 fall
                 out
                 amongst
                 neighbours
                 to
                 reconcile
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 accordingly
                 ye
                 ought
                 to
                 call
                 the
                 Parties
                 ,
                 and
                 shew
                 them
                 that
                 as
                 Magistrats
                 ye
                 look
                 upon
                 your selves
                 as
                 engaged
                 before
                 GOD
                 amongst
                 other
                 Duties
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Citizens
                 in
                 Peace
                 and
                 Love
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 timely
                 notice
                 be
                 tak●n
                 of
                 all
                 pleas
                 in
                 Law
                 ,
                 that
                 expenses
                 may
                 be
                 prevented
                 and
                 Love
                 and
                 Friendship
                 preserved
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Town
                   .
                   Justitia
                   &
                   Benignitate
                   Pax
                   inter
                   Concives
                   .
                
                 If
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 incendiarie
                 ,
                 or
                 bad
                 instrument
                 in
                 a
                 Town
                 ,
                 let
                 such
                 be
                 noticed
                 and
                 rebuked
                 .
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 It
                 were
                 a
                 commendable
                 thing
                 if
                 ye
                 that
                 are
                 Magistrats
                 would
                 meet
                 among
                 yourselves
                 once
                 every
                 week
                 ,
                 and
                 probably
                 it
                 might
                 seem
                 fit
                 at
                 an
                 afternoon
                 before
                 your
                 Councill-day
                 ,
                 that
                 ye
                 might
                 prepare
                 and
                 rypen
                 matter●
                 that
                 are
                 under
                 refer
                 for
                 the
                 Councill
                 ,
                 or
                 what
                 else
                 ye
                 may
                 think
                 fitest
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 Towns
                 Effaires
                 ,
                 this
                 would
                 not
                 onely
                 shorten
                 your
                 work
                 upon
                 Council-days
                 ,
                 but
                 would
                 evidence
                 that
                 your
                 Actings
                 were
                 done
                 with
                 good
                 advysement
                 and
                 deliberation
                 .
              
               
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 It
                 will
                 be
                 worth
                 your
                 consideration
                 ,
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 a
                 way
                 to
                 make
                 up
                 a
                 publick
                 Liberary
                 of
                 such
                 books
                 as
                 are
                 most
                 fit
                 for
                 qualifying
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 persons
                 in
                 publick
                 trust
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 these
                 that
                 treats
                 of
                 Kingdoms
                 and
                 
                   Common-wealths
                   &c
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Laws
                 thereof
                 and
                 
                   Histories
                   ,
                   
                   Geographie
                
                 ,
                 that
                 treat
                 of
                 the
                 manners
                 of
                 Nations
                 ,
                 our
                 own
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliaments
                   ,
                   Regiam
                   Majestatem
                   ,
                
                 and
                 generally
                 all
                 other
                 such
                 like
                 Books
                 that
                 may
                 become
                 
                   Civil
                   Rulers
                
                 to
                 be
                 acquainted
                 with
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 there
                 are
                 but
                 few
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Latin-Tongue
                 or
                 French-Language
                 ,
                 that
                 afford
                 severall
                 such
                 ,
                 as
                 Bodin
                 that
                 writs
                 copiously
                 of
                 a
                 Common-Wealth
                 in
                 French.
                 So
                 
                   Franciscus
                   Patricius
                   Senensis
                
                 that
                 writs
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Institution
                   of
                   a
                   Common-Wealth
                
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Institution
                   of
                   a
                   Kingdom
                   ;
                   Wendilini
                   Polititia
                   ,
                
                 but
                 these
                 are
                 in
                 Latine
                 and
                 are
                 old
                 ;
                 but
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 Modern
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 found
                 at
                 London
                 .
                 Also
                 books
                 fit
                 for
                 a
                 
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 and
                 his
                 Assessors
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Lex
                   Mercatoria
                   ,
                   Roberts
                   Map
                   of
                   Commerce
                   ,
                
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Sea-Laws
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Roll
                   of
                   Oleron
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Consolato
                   of
                   Barcellona
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 which
                 being
                 keept
                 in
                 some
                 Publick
                 Place
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Counsellours
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 persons
                 that
                 had
                 the
                 trust
                 of
                 them
                 under
                 inventour
                 )
                 might
                 at
                 all
                 occasions
                 have
                 access
                 unto
                 .
                 Sure
                 I
                 am
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 very
                 commendable
                 thing
                 to
                 have
                 such
                 a
                 Liberary
                 in
                 your
                 Council-house
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 continually
                 under
                 your
                 eye
                 and
                 care
                 ,
                 and
                 might
                 be
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 convenient
                 .
              
               
                 Sixthly
                 ,
                 Ye
                 are
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 your
                 Neighbours
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 once
                 every
                 year
                 to
                 ryde
                 your
                 Land-Marches
                 ,
                 both
                 outward
                 and
                 inward
                 Marches
                 ;
                 the
                 outward
                 is
                 that
                 ye
                 see
                 that
                 none
                 
                 of
                 your
                 Neighbour-Heritours
                 encroach
                 upon
                 your
                 Freedom-Land
                 ,
                 nor
                 upon
                 the
                 properties
                 of
                 your
                 Fewers
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 the
                 inward
                 Marches
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 ye
                 may
                 see
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Heritors
                 of
                 the
                 Burrow-Roods
                 encroach
                 upon
                 the
                 High-Wayes
                 or
                 beyond
                 the
                 bounds
                 of
                 your
                 March-stones
                 :
                 and
                 while
                 I
                 mention
                 this
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 fit
                 ye
                 should
                 take
                 some
                 effectuall
                 cou●se
                 with
                 the
                 High-Wayes
                 or
                 Avenues
                 that
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 that
                 horses
                 with
                 loads
                 may
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 all
                 the
                 Seasons
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 in
                 Winter
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 in
                 Summer
                 and
                 the
                 rather
                 ,
                 that
                 ye
                 have
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 Acts
                 and
                 Orders
                 for
                 your
                 assistance
                 therein
                 .
              
               
                 Seventhly
                 ,
                 Were
                 it
                 not
                 worth
                 your
                 serious
                 consideration
                 ,
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 some
                 suitable
                 way
                 to
                 stirr
                 up
                 all
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 privat
                 persons
                 to
                 perform
                 notable
                 services
                 to
                 the
                 wellfare
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 bethink
                 your selves
                 what
                 may
                 be
                 of
                 greatest
                 efficacie
                 to
                 encourage
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 persons
                 thereto
                 ?
              
               
                 I
                 think
                 amongst
                 many
                 other
                 wayes
                 (
                 which
                 ryper
                 judgements
                 may
                 fall
                 upon
                 )
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 a
                 good
                 one
                 to
                 imitate
                 the
                 LORDS
                 own
                 way
                 ,
                 set
                 down
                 in
                 Mal.
                 3.16
                 .
                 
                   Then
                   they
                   that
                   feared
                   the
                   LORD
                   spoke
                   often
                   one
                   to
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   LORD
                   hearkened
                   ,
                   and
                   heard
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Book
                   of
                   Remembrance
                   was
                   written
                   before
                   him
                   ,
                   for
                   them
                   that
                   feared
                   the
                   LORD
                   ,
                   and
                   thought
                   
                   upon
                   his
                   Name
                   .
                
                 See
                 vers
                 .
                 17.
                 
                 
                   And
                   they
                   shall
                   be
                   mine
                   ,
                   saith
                   the
                   LORD
                   of
                   Hosts
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 This
                 was
                 a
                 bad
                 time
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 that
                 wrought
                 wickedness
                 were
                 set
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 that
                 tempted
                 GOD
                 were
                 delivered
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 proud
                 were
                 called
                 happy
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 rare
                 to
                 hear
                 any
                 speaking
                 aright
                 of
                 the
                 Wayes
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 that
                 feared
                 the
                 LORD
                 did
                 speak
                 often
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 GOD
                 hearkened
                 and
                 heard
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 insert
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Book
                 of
                 Remembrance
                 for
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 .
                 
                   For
                   they
                   shall
                   be
                   mine
                   saith
                   the
                   LORD
                   of
                   Hosts
                   ,
                   in
                   that
                   day
                   when
                   I
                   make
                   up
                   my
                   Jewels
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   will
                   spare
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   man
                   spareth
                   his
                   own
                   son
                   that
                   serveth
                   him
                   .
                
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 way
                 the
                 LORD
                 took
                 ,
                 even
                 to
                 record
                 notable
                 Service
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 due
                 time
                 he
                 might
                 reward
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 when
                 the
                 LORD
                 blesses
                 any
                 man
                 to
                 do
                 any
                 notable
                 Act
                 for
                 the
                 common
                 Good
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 either
                 for
                 profit
                 or
                 reputation
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 such
                 an
                 Act
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 recorded
                 even
                 in
                 a
                 Register
                 apart
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 and
                 theirs
                 may
                 find
                 the
                 more
                 respect
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 fall
                 an
                 opportunity
                 to
                 manifest
                 it
                 in
                 t●me
                 to
                 come
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 puting
                 Mordecai's
                 good
                 Service
                 on
                 record
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 his
                 exaltation
                 ,
                 the
                 Jews
                 preservation
                 ,
                 and
                 Hamans
                 destru●tion
                 .
                 Esther
                 2.23
                 .
                 And
                 6.1
                 ,
                 2
                 ,
                 3.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Romans
                 and
                 Graecians
                 had
                 their
                 own
                 wayes
                 for
                 stirring
                 up
                 their
                 Citizens
                 to
                 all
                 Heroick
                 
                 Acts
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 were
                 deeply
                 tainted
                 with
                 vain
                 glory
                 as
                 their
                 Triumph
                 and
                 Lawrel-Crowns
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 
                   Corona
                   Ovalis
                
                 of
                 Myrtle
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 victory
                 gotten
                 with
                 little
                 hazard
                 ,
                 
                   Corona
                   Civica
                
                 made
                 with
                 leaves
                 of
                 Oake
                 for
                 him
                 that
                 saved
                 a
                 Citizen
                 from
                 the
                 Enemie
                 :
                 so
                 also
                 
                   Corona
                   Populea
                
                 ,
                 for
                 Young
                 men
                 that
                 were
                 found
                 industrious
                 and
                 studious
                 in
                 the
                 exercise
                 of
                 Vertue
                 which
                 was
                 made
                 of
                 Poplar
                 leaves
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 but
                 triviall
                 things
                 ,
                 but
                 much
                 intended
                 to
                 gratifie
                 vain
                 glorious
                 humours
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 puting
                 notable
                 Services
                 and
                 Acts
                 upon
                 record
                 ,
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 encouragement
                 of
                 the
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 observers
                 thereof
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 with
                 such
                 solemn
                 circumstances
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 thought
                 fit
                 and
                 most
                 consistent
                 with
                 modesty
                 and
                 sobriety
                 so
                 as
                 the
                 posterity
                 may
                 be
                 influenced
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 exercises
                 .
                 Rom.
                 13.3
                 ,
                 4.
                 
                 They
                 that
                 do
                 good
                 are
                 to
                 have
                 Praise
                 and
                 Rewards
                 from
                 Rulers
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 evil
                 doers
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 punished
                 by
                 them
                 who
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 terrour
                 to
                 such
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 these
                 had
                 been
                 recorded
                 ,
                 there
                 had
                 been
                 Honourable
                 mention
                 made
                 of
                 many
                 stately
                 Buildings
                 and
                 Monuments
                 in
                 many
                 of
                 our
                 Royall-Burghs
                 ,
                 which
                 long
                 ere
                 now
                 ,
                 or
                 shortly
                 will
                 be
                 quyte
                 forgotten
                 .
                 Neither
                 these
                 Artists
                 and
                 privat
                 persons
                 that
                 do
                 good
                 Service
                 ,
                 or
                 find
                 out
                 good
                 inventions
                 for
                 profit
                 or
                 ornament
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 should
                 be
                 neglected
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXVI
                 .
                 Concerning
                 
                   Iustice
                   of
                   Peace
                   Courts
                
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 holden
                 within
                 Burgh
                 by
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 thereof
                 .
              
               
                 IN
                 the
                 foregoing
                 Chapters
                 I
                 have
                 presumed
                 to
                 suggest
                 severall
                 particulars
                 which
                 may
                 conduce
                 to
                 advance
                 the
                 Polilcy
                 ,
                 good
                 Government
                 and
                 prosperity
                 of
                 a
                 City
                 or
                 Common-wealth
                 as
                 men
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 his
                 I
                 am
                 to
                 mind
                 the
                 Rulers
                 more
                 particularly
                 ●ow
                 they
                 shall
                 order
                 it
                 as
                 Christians
                 ,
                 in
                 evi●enceing
                 their
                 zeall
                 against
                 sin
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 honour
                 ●nd
                 Glory
                 of
                 Him
                 who
                 is
                 the
                 PRINCE
                 of
                 ●he
                 KINGS
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 whose
                 ●houlders
                 the
                 government
                 is
                 laid
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 ●lone
                 all
                 blessings
                 of
                 peace
                 ,
                 prosperity
                 and
                 pre●ervation
                 can
                 be
                 expected
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 whose
                 ●racious
                 favour
                 ,
                 no
                 skill
                 ,
                 power
                 ,
                 wisdom
                 or
                 ●eans
                 that
                 men
                 shall
                 use
                 can
                 profit
                 ,
                 according
                 ●o
                 Psal.
                 127.1
                 .
                 
                   Except
                   the
                   LORD
                   build
                   the
                   ●ouse
                   they
                   labour
                   in
                   vain
                   that
                   build
                   it
                   .
                   Except
                   the
                   LORD
                   keep
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   the
                   watch-men
                   waketh
                   ●●t
                   in
                   vain
                   .
                
                 Then
                 seeing
                 all
                 our
                 mercies
                 spring
                 
                 from
                 this
                 fountain
                 ,
                 it
                 concerns
                 all
                 Magistrats
                 very
                 near
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 carefull
                 that
                 no
                 gross
                 sin
                 be
                 indulged
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Whoring
                 ,
                 Drunkenness
                 and
                 Swearing
                 ;
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 common
                 Scandalls
                 unsuitable
                 to
                 the
                 Gospel
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 profess
                 it
                 ;
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 Cities
                 and
                 Towns.
                 These
                 are
                 sufficient
                 to
                 provock
                 GOD
                 to
                 withdraw
                 his
                 mercies
                 and
                 to
                 send
                 sad
                 Plagues
                 and
                 Rods
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 confound
                 all
                 your
                 Counsells
                 and
                 blast
                 your
                 best
                 Endeavours
                 :
                 for
                 suppressing
                 whereof
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 no
                 better
                 outward
                 mean
                 then
                 a
                 conscientious
                 ,
                 faithfull
                 and
                 diligent
                 
                   Court
                   of
                   Justice
                
                 keeped
                 by
                 well
                 principled
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 assisted
                 by
                 pious
                 ,
                 honest
                 and
                 zealous
                 Constables
                 weekly
              
               
                 Now
                 I
                 hope
                 no
                 tender
                 Christian
                 will
                 judge
                 me
                 too
                 presumptuous
                 ,
                 to
                 offer
                 to
                 propose
                 a
                 rule
                 to
                 the
                 Royall-Burrowes
                 ,
                 how
                 they
                 shall
                 bear
                 down
                 these
                 common
                 Vices
                 ,
                 seeing
                 I
                 can
                 say
                 it
                 in
                 sincerity
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 from
                 a
                 respect
                 that
                 I
                 owe
                 to
                 GODS
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 reall
                 regard
                 I
                 have
                 to
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Wellfare
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Burrowes
                 of
                 SCOTLAND
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 humbly
                 hold
                 out
                 my
                 mind
                 unto
                 them
                 in
                 this
                 matter
                 .
              
               
                 Therefore
                 I
                 wish
                 that
                 all
                 Magistrats
                 in
                 their
                 respective
                 Towns
                 ,
                 would
                 choose
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 Quarter
                 of
                 their
                 Town
                 ,
                 four
                 ,
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 ,
                 well
                 qualified
                 ,
                 sober
                 and
                 discreet
                 men
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 Constables
                 (
                 it
                 were
                 expedient
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 
                 were
                 members
                 of
                 the
                 Church-Session
                 )
                 that
                 with
                 them
                 they
                 might
                 meet
                 and
                 hold
                 a
                 Court
                 every
                 week
                 upon
                 such
                 a
                 day
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 judged
                 most
                 convenient
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 the
                 Constables
                 may
                 give
                 in
                 their
                 delations
                 upon
                 those
                 persons
                 they
                 have
                 found
                 guilty
                 in
                 Whoredom
                 ,
                 Drunkenness
                 or
                 Swearing
                 ,
                 who
                 may
                 be
                 ordered
                 to
                 be
                 summoned
                 against
                 the
                 next
                 Court
                 day
                 ,
                 that
                 then
                 and
                 there
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 censured
                 and
                 punished
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 merit
                 by
                 Fynes
                 ,
                 Imprisonment
                 or
                 so
                 as
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 in
                 their
                 discretion
                 shall
                 think
                 fit
                 ,
                 not
                 exceeding
                 the
                 censures
                 imposed
                 by
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 more
                 effectuall
                 bearing
                 down
                 of
                 Swearing
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 found
                 fit
                 that
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Constables
                 with
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Towns
                   Officiars
                
                 or
                 Serjants
                 should
                 go
                 through
                 the
                 Town
                 on
                 every
                 Mercat
                 day
                 
                   per
                   vices
                
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Countrey
                 people
                 are
                 conveened
                 ,
                 and
                 greatest
                 confluences
                 of
                 people
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ;
                 and
                 whatever
                 person
                 they
                 find
                 taking
                 GODS
                 Holy
                 Name
                 in
                 vain
                 ,
                 or
                 swearing
                 any
                 other
                 Oath
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 immediatly
                 exact
                 some
                 small
                 money
                 from
                 every
                 one
                 that
                 are
                 found
                 so
                 doing
                 :
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 Mercat
                 give
                 in
                 all
                 that
                 money
                 to
                 the
                 Collector
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 the
                 Magistrat
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 laid
                 up
                 for
                 publick
                 use
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 note
                 thereof
                 to
                 be
                 keept
                 in
                 the
                 Register
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 by
                 experience
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 few
                 Moneths
                 this
                 way
                 diligently
                 gone
                 about
                 in
                 a
                 Town
                 where
                 thousands
                 of
                 people
                 have
                 frequented
                 the
                 Mercat
                 place
                 ,
                 there
                 hath
                 
                 not
                 the
                 meanest
                 Oath
                 been
                 heard
                 in
                 that
                 place
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 sadly
                 to
                 be
                 regrated
                 that
                 this
                 Zeal
                 waxes
                 too
                 soon
                 cold
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 any
                 shall
                 object
                 ,
                 that
                 Church-Sessions
                 or
                 Consistories
                 are
                 sufficient
                 to
                 take
                 order
                 with
                 these
                 evils
                 ▪
                 and
                 are
                 fitter
                 than
                 any
                 Magistrat
                 or
                 
                   Civil
                   Court
                
                 ?
              
               
                 I
                 answere
                 ,
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 Ministers
                 and
                 Church-Sessions
                 continue
                 to
                 do
                 some
                 thing
                 of
                 this
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 custome
                 in
                 
                   Countrey
                   Parishes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 authorizing
                 them
                 therein
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 this
                 Polemick-Age
                 when
                 many
                 things
                 are
                 controverted
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 not
                 questioned
                 formerly
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 found
                 a
                 matter
                 very
                 extrinsick
                 to
                 Church-Officers
                 or
                 Guids
                 ,
                 to
                 meddle
                 with
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 is
                 propper
                 to
                 the
                 Civil-Magistrat
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Fynes
                 ,
                 Imprisonments
                 ,
                 or
                 Corporall
                 Punishments
                 ,
                 seeing
                 Magistrats
                 within
                 Burghs
                 may
                 easily
                 perform
                 that
                 Duty
                 ,
                 whereas
                 in
                 
                   Countrey
                   Parishes
                
                 they
                 cannot
                 be
                 so
                 conveniently
                 had
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 easie
                 to
                 any
                 understanding
                 men
                 to
                 perceive
                 ,
                 how
                 Heteroclit
                 a
                 thing
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 see
                 Preachers
                 speaking
                 to
                 such
                 delinquents
                 more
                 Magisterially
                 liker
                 a
                 
                   Civil
                   Magistrat
                
                 than
                 Ministerially
                 ,
                 menacing
                 their
                 Persons
                 and
                 exacting
                 on
                 their
                 Purses
                 ,
                 whereas
                 it
                 were
                 more
                 becoming
                 Ministers
                 of
                 the
                 Gospell
                 to
                 endeavour
                 to
                 awaken
                 and
                 convince
                 their
                 Consciences
                 which
                 is
                 their
                 propper
                 work
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Weapons
                 of
                 
                 their
                 Warfare
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 Carnall
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 Cor.
                 10.4
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 Neither
                 is
                 this
                 design
                 to
                 weaken
                 their
                 hands
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 strengthen
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 propper
                 work
                 ;
                 seeing
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 both
                 Courts
                 is
                 to
                 suppress
                 Sin
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 more
                 likely
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 desired
                 effect
                 ,
                 when
                 Civil
                 and
                 
                   Ecclesiastick
                   Rulers
                
                 do
                 every
                 one
                 their
                 Duty
                 in
                 their
                 propper
                 Sphere
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 more
                 sutable
                 to
                 a
                 Christian
                 Magistrat
                 ,
                 to
                 execute
                 Justice
                 by
                 Civill
                 Punishments
                 upon
                 delinquents
                 with
                 a
                 tender
                 compassionat
                 heart
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 speak
                 to
                 the
                 Consciences
                 of
                 sinners
                 ,
                 then
                 for
                 a
                 
                   Preacher
                   of
                   the
                   Gospell
                
                 to
                 threaten
                 Corporall
                 Punishments
                 ;
                 tho
                 they
                 can
                 pretend
                 to
                 no
                 more
                 zeall
                 then
                 James
                 and
                 
                   John
                   ,
                   Luke
                
                 .
                 9.54
                 ,
                 55.
                 whom
                 CHRIST
                 rebuked
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   Ye
                   know
                   not
                   what
                   manner
                   of
                   spirit
                   ye
                   are
                   of
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   man
                   is
                   not
                   come
                   to
                   destroy
                   mens
                   lives
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   save
                   them
                   .
                
              
               
                 But
                 some
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 why
                 may
                 not
                 this
                 Court
                 take
                 order
                 with
                 Blood-wicks
                 and
                 Ryots
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 breach
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 Paenall-statutes
                 ?
              
               
                 I
                 answere
                 ,
                 Not
                 ,
                 because
                 this
                 were
                 to
                 encroach
                 upon
                 the
                 Priviledge
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 ,
                 whose
                 duty
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 accuse
                 and
                 see
                 these
                 convicted
                 and
                 punished
                 that
                 are
                 guilty
                 of
                 the
                 breach
                 of
                 these
                 Civill-statutes
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 collect
                 their
                 Fynes
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 used
                 not
                 to
                 notice
                 persons
                 guilty
                 of
                 Whoreing
                 ,
                 Swearing
                 and
                 Drunkenness
                 ,
                 but
                 most
                 ordinarly
                 
                 these
                 were
                 either
                 laid
                 over
                 to
                 Church-Sessions
                 ,
                 or
                 altogether
                 neglected
                 and
                 little
                 noticed
                 ,
                 unless
                 it
                 was
                 Whoredom
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 unfitness
                 and
                 inexpediency
                 of
                 this
                 is
                 spoke
                 to
                 before
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 referr
                 to
                 the
                 Readers
                 serious
                 consideration
                 .
              
               
                 Happy
                 were
                 every
                 City
                 and
                 Town
                 in
                 this
                 Land
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Zeal
                 (
                 which
                 in
                 some
                 places
                 is
                 often
                 times
                 too
                 apparent
                 for
                 self-interest
                 ,
                 )
                 were
                 running
                 in
                 no
                 other
                 channell
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 pure
                 ,
                 holy
                 and
                 harmless
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 wellfare
                 of
                 Souls
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 Christian
                 Meekness
                 and
                 Love
                 might
                 sweetly
                 vent
                 it self
                 to
                 the
                 joy
                 of
                 GODS
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 edification
                 of
                 all
                 Pious
                 and
                 sober
                 minded
                 People
                 and
                 the
                 conviction
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 stubborn
                 and
                 obstinat
                 offenders
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 as
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 most
                 Religious
                 Duties
                 of
                 GODS
                 Worship
                 may
                 degenerat
                 and
                 turn
                 to
                 a
                 form
                 of
                 Godliness
                 without
                 the
                 Power
                 ,
                 as
                 2.
                 
                 Tim.
                 3.5
                 .
                 which
                 feed
                 the
                 fancy
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 some
                 the
                 itching
                 ear
                 with
                 Rhetoricall
                 flowrishes
                 and
                 specious
                 outsyde
                 dresses
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 Tim.
                 4.3
                 ,
                 4.
                 rather
                 then
                 
                   building
                   up
                   souls
                   in
                   the
                   most
                   holy
                   faith
                   .
                   Jude
                
                 20.
                 
                 So
                 these
                 means
                 tho
                 never
                 so
                 much
                 strengthned
                 and
                 established
                 by
                 Law
                 ,
                 may
                 through
                 remissness
                 and
                 want
                 of
                 true
                 Zeal
                 be
                 also
                 turned
                 into
                 a
                 meer
                 form
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 fruit
                 or
                 effect
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 temper
                 and
                 disposition
                 of
                 the
                 instruments
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 iniquity
                 of
                 
                 the
                 times
                 when
                 Sin
                 lifts
                 up
                 its
                 head
                 and
                 comes
                 to
                 that
                 hight
                 of
                 arrogancy
                 and
                 pride
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 admit
                 of
                 a
                 check
                 :
                 but
                 however
                 a
                 Duty
                 remains
                 a
                 Duty
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 we
                 cannot
                 do
                 what
                 we
                 would
                 ,
                 and
                 impediments
                 become
                 insuperable
                 ,
                 
                   In
                   magnis
                   voluisse
                   sat
                   est
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 great
                 and
                 many
                 Advantages
                 that
                 will
                 or
                 may
                 accrue
                 by
                 a
                 diligent
                 prosecuting
                 of
                 this
                 
                   Justice
                   Court
                
                 weekly
                 may
                 be
                 easily
                 perceived
                 ,
                 for
                 thereby
                 sin
                 may
                 be
                 duely
                 punished
                 ,
                 Swearing
                 and
                 all
                 Oaths
                 banished
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 streets
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 considerable
                 sum
                 of
                 money
                 collected
                 for
                 the
                 poor
                 and
                 other
                 pious
                 uses
                 ,
                 the
                 Clerks
                 pains
                 liberally
                 rewarded
                 as
                 a
                 punctuall
                 Register
                 keeped
                 for
                 that
                 end
                 may
                 evidence
                 ,
                 for
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Uno
                   dato
                   absurdo
                   multa
                   sequuntur
                
                 .
                 So
                 one
                 Good
                 cometh
                 never
                 alone
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXVII
                 .
                 Concerning
                 some
                 Considerations
                 laid
                 before
                 the
                 Youth
                 ,
                 in
                 every
                 City
                 or
                 Corporation
                 .
              
               
                 HAving
                 written
                 at
                 some
                 length
                 of
                 the
                 Duty
                 of
                 Rulers
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Burghs
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 close
                 this
                 Treatise
                 till
                 I
                 lay
                 some
                 considerations
                 before
                 
                 the
                 Young-men
                 of
                 all
                 our
                 Cities
                 and
                 Towns
                 in
                 the
                 Nation
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 born
                 and
                 bred
                 therein
                 :
                 as
                 also
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 and
                 Free-men
                 of
                 our
                 Cities
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Youth
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 them
                 consider
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 seed
                 and
                 seminarie
                 of
                 their
                 respective
                 Corporations
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Blessing
                 and
                 Happiness
                 of
                 a
                 Town
                 doth
                 much
                 depend
                 upon
                 them
                 and
                 their
                 behaviour
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 Vertuous
                 ,
                 Wise
                 and
                 Sober
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 procure
                 in
                 due
                 time
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 commendation
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 of
                 their
                 Nativity
                 and
                 Residence
                 ;
                 if
                 otherwayes
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 what
                 in
                 them
                 ly
                 to
                 draw
                 disgrace
                 and
                 contempt
                 upon
                 it
                 .
                 See
                 Prov.
                 11.11
                 .
                 
                   By
                   the
                   Blessing
                   of
                   the
                   Upright
                   the
                   City
                   is
                   exalted
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   overthrown
                   by
                   the
                   mouth
                   of
                   the
                   wicked
                   .
                
                 For
                 by
                 Riotousness
                 and
                 Debauchrie
                 they
                 ruine
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 way
                 for
                 Strangers
                 to
                 be
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 See
                 Prov.
                 2.21
                 ,
                 22
                 
                   For
                   the
                   upright
                   shall
                   dwell
                   in
                   the
                   land
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   perfect
                   shall
                   remain
                   in
                   it
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   wicked
                   shall
                   be
                   cut
                   off
                   from
                   the
                   earth
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   transgressors
                   shall
                   be
                   rooted
                   out
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
              
               
                 Wherefore
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 I
                 recommend
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 LORD
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 above
                 all
                 make
                 it
                 their
                 care
                 to
                 know
                 GOD
                 and
                 his
                 living
                 Motions
                 in
                 their
                 hearts
                 ,
                 whereby
                 he
                 bears
                 witness
                 against
                 all
                 the
                 Sins
                 they
                 are
                 inclyned
                 unto
                 ,
                 and
                 points
                 out
                 their
                 Duty
                 and
                 the
                 Way
                 they
                 should
                 walk
                 in
                 ,
                 according
                 
                 to
                 Eccles.
                 12.1
                 .
                 
                   Remember
                   now
                   thy
                   Creator
                   in
                   the
                   dayes
                   of
                   thy
                   youth
                   ,
                
                 for
                 tho
                 they
                 follow
                 the
                 corrupt
                 wayes
                 of
                 their
                 hearts
                 in
                 the
                 dayes
                 of
                 their
                 youth
                 ,
                 yet
                 (
                 sayes
                 Solomon
                 )
                 
                   Knew
                   thou
                   for
                   all
                   these
                   things
                   GOD
                   will
                   bring
                   thee
                   into
                   judgement
                   .
                   Eccles.
                
                 11.9
                 .
              
               
                 Wherefore
                 O
                 Young
                 Men
                 !
                 be
                 faithfull
                 to
                 the
                 Light
                 of
                 GODS
                 Spirit
                 in
                 your
                 hearts
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 s
                 there
                 ye
                 shall
                 here
                 a
                 word
                 behind
                 you
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   This
                   is
                   the
                   way
                   walk
                   ye
                   in
                   it
                   :
                   when
                   ye
                   turne
                   to
                   the
                   right
                   hand
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   ye
                   turne
                   to
                   the
                   left
                   .
                
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 teacher
                 which
                 shall
                 not
                 be
                 removed
                 into
                 a
                 Corner
                 .
                 Isa.
                 30.20
                 ,
                 21.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 therefore
                 ,
                 be
                 much
                 in
                 reading
                 and
                 studying
                 to
                 know
                 the
                 Mind
                 of
                 the
                 LORD
                 in
                 Holy
                 Scripture
                 ,
                 and
                 joyn
                 Prayer
                 therewith
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 serious
                 n
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 it
                 not
                 be
                 a
                 bare
                 form
                 ;
                 but
                 look
                 up
                 to
                 GOD
                 in
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 wait
                 on
                 him
                 till
                 thou
                 obtain
                 the
                 desired
                 blessing
                 .
                 See
                 Prov.
                 2.1
                 ,
                 2
                 ,
                 3
                 ,
                 4
                 ,
                 5
                 ,
                 6.
                 
                 
                   My
                   Son
                   ,
                   if
                   thou
                   wilt
                   rceive
                   my
                   words
                   ,
                   and
                   hide
                   my
                   Commandments
                   with
                   thee
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   thou
                   encline
                   thine
                   ear
                   unto-Wisdom
                   ,
                   and
                   apply
                   thine
                   heart
                   to
                   Understanding
                   :
                   yea
                   ,
                   if
                   thou
                   cryest
                   after
                   Knowledge
                   and
                   liftest
                   up
                   thy
                   voice
                   for
                   Understanding
                   :
                   if
                   thou
                   seekest
                   her
                   as
                   silver
                   ,
                   and
                   searchest
                   for
                   her
                   as
                   for
                   hid
                   treasure
                   :
                   then
                   shal●
                   thou
                   understand
                   the
                   fear
                   of
                   the
                   LORD
                   ,
                   and
                   find
                   the
                   Knowledge
                   of
                   GOD.
                   For
                   the
                   LORD
                   giveth
                   Wisdom
                   :
                   out
                   of
                   his
                   mouth
                   cometh
                   Knowledge
                   and
                   Understanding
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 Next
                 I
                 recommend
                 to
                 you
                 to
                 set
                 your
                 hearts
                 to
                 prosecute
                 some
                 vertuous
                 Calling
                 or
                 Employment
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 Merchandiseing
                 or
                 Mechanick-Trade
                 ,
                 particularly
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 LORD
                 order
                 it
                 )
                 to
                 choise
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 you
                 the
                 Trade
                 of
                 your
                 Father
                 ,
                 though
                 herein
                 ye
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 limited
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 a
                 diligent
                 and
                 skillfull
                 prosecution
                 of
                 some
                 Vertuous
                 Calling
                 and
                 Employment
                 ,
                 ye
                 will
                 not
                 onely
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 preserve
                 that
                 Portion
                 left
                 to
                 you
                 by
                 your
                 Patents
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 Blessing
                 of
                 GOD
                 to
                 augment
                 the
                 samen
                 to
                 your
                 great
                 credit
                 and
                 reputation
                 .
                 The
                 sooner
                 ye
                 betake
                 your selves
                 to
                 your
                 Callings
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 .
                 Parents
                 are
                 oftentimes
                 b●ame-worthy
                 ,
                 that
                 keep
                 their
                 Sons
                 at
                 Schools
                 and
                 Universities
                 though
                 their
                 Talent
                 and
                 Inclina●ion
                 run
                 not
                 in
                 that
                 Channell
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 are
                 unit
                 for
                 breeding
                 in
                 their
                 Callings
                 ,
                 whereas
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Languages
                 and
                 Arithmetick
                 mi●ht
                 be
                 sufficient
                 to
                 qualifie
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 men
                 mee●
                 to
                 live
                 in
                 these
                 civil
                 Employments
                 fit
                 for
                 a
                 C●tizen
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 hath
                 been
                 observed
                 frequently
                 by
                 wise
                 and
                 sober
                 men
                 of
                 all
                 ranks
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 hath
                 been
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 
                   Burgers
                   Children
                
                 that
                 they
                 followed
                 not
                 their
                 Fathers
                 Trade
                 ,
                 but
                 i●
                 their
                 Parents
                 purchased
                 any
                 considerable
                 Estate
                 by
                 their
                 Trade
                 and
                 Industrie
                 ,
                 the
                 Childre●
                 (
                 bred
                 up
                 at
                 a
                 far
                 higher
                 rate
                 both
                 in
                 appar●ll
                 dyet
                 and
                 breeding
                 ,
                 then
                 their
                 Parents
                 were
                 or
                 their
                 Trade
                 could
                 allow
                 ,
                 )
                 became
                 more
                 high-minded
                 ,
                 
                 proud
                 and
                 vain
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 judged
                 it
                 below
                 them
                 to
                 stoup
                 to
                 do
                 many
                 things
                 which
                 their
                 Parents
                 did
                 .
                 Hence
                 thorow
                 want
                 of
                 fit
                 Education
                 ,
                 and
                 foolish
                 pride
                 and
                 conceitedness
                 ,
                 many
                 have
                 become
                 idle
                 men
                 ,
                 and
                 spent
                 their
                 whole
                 life
                 without
                 any
                 Calling
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 have
                 become
                 poor
                 and
                 left
                 their
                 Children
                 in
                 a
                 mean
                 condition
                 ,
                 or
                 have
                 been
                 necessitated
                 to
                 go
                 off
                 the
                 Countrey
                 to
                 seek
                 a
                 livelyhood
                 else
                 where
                 :
                 from
                 hence
                 it
                 needs
                 not
                 seem
                 strange
                 to
                 see
                 old
                 Families
                 in
                 Cities
                 wear
                 quyt
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 no
                 Posterity
                 to
                 preserve
                 any
                 memory
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 how
                 soon
                 any
                 competent
                 Estate
                 is
                 gained
                 by
                 the
                 Parents
                 ,
                 the
                 Children
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 )
                 become
                 vain
                 and
                 riotous
                 oftentimes
                 ,
                 and
                 forbear
                 any
                 vertuous
                 or
                 commendable
                 Calling
                 ,
                 and
                 live
                 an
                 idle
                 life
                 ,
                 which
                 does
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 reflect
                 upon
                 the
                 Rulers
                 and
                 their
                 Government
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 reputation
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Town
                   .
                   Wendelin
                   in
                   his
                
                 2
                 
                   d.
                   book
                
                 12.
                 
                 Chap.
                 cites
                 
                   Cicero
                   in
                   his
                
                 7
                 
                   These
                   Pag.
                
                 198.
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   Tamdiu
                   duravit
                   in
                   Civitate
                   Gloria
                   ,
                   quamdiu
                   Adolescentibus
                   Romae
                   vagari
                   otiosis
                   non
                   licuit
                   .
                   
                     That
                     is
                  
                   ,
                   Glory
                   or
                   Renown
                   remained
                   in
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   so
                   long
                   as
                   idlesit
                   was
                   not
                   permitted
                   to
                   the
                   Youth
                   in
                   Rome
                   .
                
              
               
                 It
                 s
                 reported
                 that
                 
                   Marcus
                   Aurelius
                
                 the
                 Emperour
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 ,
                 did
                 condemn
                 all
                 those
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 Works
                 that
                 walked
                 in
                 the
                 Mercat-Place
                 without
                 the
                 bage
                 of
                 their
                 particular
                 
                 Calling
                 .
                 If
                 such
                 Laws
                 had
                 place
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 serve
                 to
                 abate
                 the
                 vain
                 conceitedness
                 in
                 many
                 that
                 will
                 not
                 abase
                 themselves
                 to
                 keep
                 Shops
                 ,
                 or
                 these
                 Employments
                 which
                 their
                 Predecessors
                 did
                 use
                 ;
                 and
                 i●
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 mean
                 of
                 their
                 riseing
                 ,
                 or
                 coming
                 to
                 any
                 respect
                 in
                 a
                 World
                 :
                 forgeting
                 that
                 word
                 ,
                 Prov.
                 12.9
                 .
                 
                   He
                   that
                   is
                   despised
                   and
                   hath
                   a
                   servant
                   ,
                   is
                   better
                   then
                   he
                   that
                   honoureth
                   himself
                   and
                   lacketh
                   bread
                   ,
                
                 Which
                 plainly
                 speaks
                 out
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 far
                 more
                 commendable
                 to
                 Trade
                 and
                 use
                 any
                 lawfull
                 Employment
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 to
                 live
                 comfortably
                 ,
                 then
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 vain
                 conceit
                 of
                 themselves
                 of
                 being
                 above
                 such
                 mean
                 Employments
                 ,
                 to
                 spend
                 their
                 time
                 idlely
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 bring
                 inevitable
                 want
                 upon
                 them
                 and
                 theirs
                 :
                 whereas
                 it
                 were
                 far
                 more
                 commendable
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Children
                 of
                 Old-Burgers
                 continuing
                 to
                 follow
                 their
                 Parents
                 Trade
                 whereby
                 they
                 might
                 prevent
                 inevitable
                 Poverty
                 ,
                 and
                 spend
                 their
                 dayes
                 with
                 much
                 Comfort
                 and
                 Peace
                 both
                 outwardly
                 and
                 inwardly
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 good
                 example
                 and
                 means
                 of
                 education
                 to
                 their
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 and
                 retain
                 the
                 respect
                 and
                 esteem
                 which
                 their
                 Parents
                 or
                 themselves
                 have
                 gained
                 in
                 their
                 City
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 fruits
                 of
                 that
                 Vertue
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 product
                 of
                 a
                 truely
                 Wise
                 ,
                 Humble
                 and
                 Sober
                 Spirit
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 matter
                 worthy
                 of
                 consideration
                 for
                 all
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 in
                 Burghs
                 
                 and
                 Cities
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 rejoyce
                 to
                 see
                 their
                 Fellow-Citizens
                 prosper
                 ,
                 and
                 Vertue
                 to
                 grow
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 all
                 due
                 encouragement
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 Trade
                 in
                 generall
                 ,
                 but
                 particularly
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 evidence
                 a
                 vertuous
                 disposition
                 in
                 following
                 the
                 Trade
                 and
                 Way
                 of
                 their
                 Parents
                 and
                 Predecessors
                 ,
                 especially
                 seeing
                 this
                 hath
                 been
                 so
                 little
                 in
                 use
                 these
                 many
                 Years
                 ,
                 yea
                 Generations
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 as
                 this
                 Duty
                 is
                 not
                 onely
                 Blessed
                 with
                 many
                 Personall
                 and
                 Domestick
                 Advantages
                 ,
                 to
                 these
                 that
                 carefully
                 and
                 prudently
                 follow
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 hath
                 its
                 own
                 advantages
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 As
                 First
                 ,
                 the
                 Off-spring
                 of
                 Old
                 Families
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 a
                 burden
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 which
                 oftentimes
                 gives
                 occasion
                 of
                 reproach
                 to
                 Latter-in-comers
                 to
                 upbraid
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 burie
                 the
                 Vertues
                 and
                 good
                 Offices
                 their
                 Worthy
                 Ancestors
                 have
                 manifested
                 in
                 their
                 time
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 in
                 utter
                 oblivion
                 .
                 It
                 could
                 not
                 but
                 move
                 the
                 beholders
                 to
                 see
                 
                   M.
                   Hortalus
                
                 ,
                 the
                 onely
                 Stock
                 of
                 the
                 Noble
                 
                   Hortensian
                   Family
                
                 ,
                 to
                 plead
                 for
                 Charity
                 with
                 his
                 four
                 Children
                 in
                 his
                 hand
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 
                   Emperour
                   Tiberius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lords
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 laying
                 out
                 his
                 Poverty
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 tho
                 he
                 was
                 descended
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Consuls
                 and
                 Dictators
                 ,
                 yet
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 honest
                 Industrie
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 Frugality
                 requisit
                 ,
                 had
                 fallen
                 into
                 extream
                 necessity
                 :
                 whereas
                 if
                 
                 he
                 ,
                 or
                 his
                 immediat
                 Parents
                 had
                 not
                 through
                 Ambition
                 wasted
                 ,
                 or
                 through
                 idleness
                 suffered
                 their
                 Estates
                 to
                 ruine
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Emperors
                 answer
                 to
                 him
                 did
                 insinuat
                 ,
                 he
                 and
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 prevented
                 this
                 shame
                 .
                 
                   Cor.
                   Tacitus
                   lib.
                
                 2.8
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 ,
                 by
                 this
                 the
                 Town
                 is
                 better
                 furnished
                 with
                 able
                 and
                 understanding
                 men
                 for
                 Rule
                 and
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 better
                 management
                 of
                 the
                 Towns
                 effairs
                 ,
                 seeing
                 it
                 is
                 evident
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 who
                 are
                 born
                 and
                 bred
                 in
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 are
                 for
                 most
                 part
                 better
                 educated
                 in
                 Learning
                 and
                 brought
                 up
                 more
                 carefully
                 at
                 Schools
                 then
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 or
                 Countrey-people
                 are
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 most
                 part
                 come
                 from
                 the
                 Countrey
                 to
                 be
                 Merchants
                 and
                 Trades-men
                 in
                 Burghs
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 also
                 ,
                 many
                 Towns-Youths
                 have
                 occasion
                 to
                 be
                 bred
                 in
                 
                   Forraign
                   Countries
                
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 to
                 attain
                 better
                 accomplishments
                 then
                 others
                 who
                 never
                 had
                 such
                 opportunities
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 farr
                 more
                 usefull
                 and
                 skilfull
                 for
                 publick
                 effaires
                 then
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 By
                 this
                 Old
                 Families
                 may
                 be
                 continued
                 to
                 many
                 Generations
                 through
                 the
                 blessing
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 in
                 growing
                 prosperity
                 in
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 Credit
                 and
                 Esteem
                 ;
                 at
                 least
                 in
                 a
                 continuance
                 of
                 what
                 hath
                 been
                 already
                 attained
                 thereof
                 ,
                 as
                 hath
                 been
                 seen
                 in
                 many
                 great
                 and
                 flourishing
                 Cities
                 abroad
                 ,
                 whereof
                 abundance
                 could
                 be
                 instanced
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 would
                 wear
                 out
                 
                 the
                 common
                 reproach
                 put
                 upon
                 Cities
                 by
                 the
                 indiscreeter
                 sort
                 of
                 Gentrie
                 ,
                 who
                 look
                 on
                 them
                 as
                 Carles
                 and
                 base
                 spirited-men
                 which
                 is
                 mostly
                 occasioned
                 by
                 the
                 frequent
                 access
                 of
                 too
                 many
                 that
                 are
                 such
                 who
                 take
                 up
                 Trafficking
                 and
                 Merchandising
                 ,
                 and
                 supplie
                 the
                 roomes
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 these
                 who
                 think
                 themselves
                 too
                 good
                 to
                 Trade
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 seeing
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 can
                 make
                 a
                 man
                 more
                 properly
                 a
                 Gentleman
                 then
                 Vertue
                 and
                 descent
                 from
                 vertuous
                 persons
                 ,
                 by
                 Birth
                 and
                 Antiquity
                 joyned
                 with
                 a
                 competent
                 Estate
                 and
                 Living
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 accomplishments
                 of
                 the
                 mind
                 ,
                 our
                 Cities
                 being
                 furnished
                 with
                 the
                 Off-spring
                 of
                 old
                 Inhabitants
                 well
                 educated
                 and
                 bred
                 ,
                 and
                 vertuous
                 in
                 their
                 Callings
                 and
                 Behaviours
                 ,
                 might
                 upon
                 good
                 ground
                 be
                 reputed
                 Gentlemen
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 many
                 others
                 that
                 without
                 question
                 are
                 held
                 so
                 ;
                 seeing
                 that
                 Merchandiseing
                 in
                 it self
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 esteemed
                 as
                 consistent
                 with
                 a
                 Gentleman
                 as
                 Tillage
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 may
                 be
                 to
                 these
                 Gentlemen
                 who
                 labour
                 their
                 own
                 Lands
                 ,
                 which
                 doubtless
                 is
                 very
                 commendable
                 in
                 it self
                 and
                 becoming
                 the
                 Greatest
                 Persons
                 :
                 seeing
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 GOD
                 gives
                 this
                 Counsell
                 by
                 a
                 Royall
                 and
                 Princely
                 Hand
                 as
                 the
                 Pen-man
                 ,
                 Prov.
                 12.11
                 .
                 
                   He
                   that
                   tilleth
                   his
                   Land
                   shall
                   be
                   satisfied
                   with
                   bread
                   ,
                   but
                   he
                   that
                   followeth
                   vain
                   persons
                   is
                   void
                   of
                   understanding
                   .
                
                 The
                 meaning
                 whereof
                 is
                 very
                 plain
                 ,
                 preferring
                 Industrie
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 common
                 
                 and
                 ordinary
                 Calling
                 to
                 an
                 idle
                 life
                 ,
                 under
                 what
                 ever
                 pretence
                 of
                 Gentility
                 ,
                 esteeming
                 such
                 in
                 plain
                 termes
                 fools
                 and
                 void
                 of
                 understanding
                 .
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 By
                 this
                 our
                 Cities
                 and
                 Towns
                 would
                 be
                 better
                 furnished
                 of
                 publick
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 that
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 tender
                 of
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 without
                 all
                 doubt
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 born
                 and
                 bred
                 in
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 descended
                 of
                 severall
                 Generations
                 of
                 
                   Ancient
                   Citizens
                
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 onely
                 be
                 more
                 ready
                 to
                 lay
                 out
                 their
                 pains
                 and
                 labour
                 for
                 the
                 Credit
                 and
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 but
                 will
                 more
                 willingly
                 spend
                 and
                 be
                 spent
                 ,
                 yea
                 ,
                 lay
                 down
                 their
                 lives
                 if
                 called
                 thereto
                 ,
                 then
                 probably
                 can
                 be
                 expected
                 from
                 New-incomers
                 ,
                 who
                 cannot
                 have
                 that
                 naturall
                 love
                 and
                 respect
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 which
                 others
                 cannot
                 but
                 have
                 .
                 Hence
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 of
                 the
                 Generous
                 Romans
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 the
                 battell
                 at
                 Cannae
                 ,
                 when
                 almost
                 all
                 ground
                 of
                 hope
                 was
                 lost
                 of
                 preserving
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Florus
                   lib.
                
                 2.
                 cap.
                 6.
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   Aerario
                   deficiente
                   privati
                   opes
                   suas
                   Reip.
                   conferunt
                   .
                
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   When
                   the
                   Thesaurie
                   was
                   exhausted
                   all
                   the
                   privat
                   men
                   bestowed
                   their
                   Wealth
                   upon
                   the
                   Publict
                   .
                
              
               
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 all
                 Citizens
                 to
                 consider
                 the
                 way
                 and
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 flowrishing
                 Cities
                 abroad
                 ,
                 where
                 Traffick
                 and
                 all
                 kind
                 of
                 Trade
                 is
                 vigorously
                 prosecuted
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 encrease
                 of
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 most
                 
                 considerable
                 men
                 in
                 their
                 Towns
                 ,
                 some
                 one
                 way
                 and
                 some
                 another
                 by
                 Mechanick-Trades
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 by
                 Merchandiseing
                 .
                 Let
                 all
                 inform
                 themselves
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Industry
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Towns
                 of
                 the
                 United-Provinces
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 their
                 pains
                 and
                 industry
                 in
                 their
                 severall
                 Callings
                 are
                 become
                 so
                 great
                 and
                 powerfull
                 ,
                 yea
                 ●ormidable
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 KING
                 nor
                 PRINCE
                 ●n
                 Europe
                 but
                 will
                 honour
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 Title
                 ●f
                 
                   High
                   and
                   Mighty
                   Lords
                
                 :
                 whereby
                 they
                 have
                 ●aunted
                 the
                 pride
                 of
                 the
                 Spaniard
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 ●hen
                 once
                 coped
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 Powerfull
                 PRINCES
                 in
                 Christendom
                 .
                 Let
                 also
                 the
                 In●ustry
                 of
                 the
                 Hans-Towns
                 in
                 Germany
                 ,
                 and
                 ●he
                 Cities
                 on
                 the
                 
                   Baltick
                   Sea
                
                 be
                 considered
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 makes
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 so
                 considerable
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 reported
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Grand-Seigneor
                 a●ongst
                 the
                 Turks
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 PRINCES
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 he
                 must
                 ●lso
                 have
                 some
                 Handy-Trade
                 ,
                 such
                 is
                 the
                 re●pect
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 Infidels
                 put
                 upon
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 when
                 ●any
                 that
                 are
                 called
                 Christians
                 are
                 in
                 this
                 worse
                 ●en
                 Infidels
                 ,
                 who
                 refuse
                 to
                 provide
                 for
                 their
                 ●amilies
                 by
                 commendable
                 and
                 vertuous
                 Cal●●ngs
                 and
                 Employments
                 .
                 By
                 these
                 and
                 the
                 ●ke
                 considerations
                 ,
                 I
                 earnestly
                 intreat
                 that
                 all
                 ●ur
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 of
                 what
                 ever
                 rank
                 or
                 quality
                 ●ey
                 be
                 ,
                 would
                 seriously
                 ponder
                 the
                 great
                 im●ortance
                 of
                 Trading
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 according
                 to
                 
                 their
                 Talent
                 and
                 Ability
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 meanest
                 may
                 be
                 encouraged
                 in
                 all
                 fit
                 wayes
                 becoming
                 ,
                 especially
                 
                   Young
                   Men.
                
                 The
                 Romans
                 thought
                 this
                 much
                 worth
                 the
                 noticeing
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 Crowned
                 publickly
                 all
                 
                   Young
                   Men
                
                 that
                 were
                 studious
                 of
                 vertuous
                 Exercises
                 and
                 Employments
                 ;
                 with
                 
                   Corona
                   Populea
                
                 ,
                 with
                 
                   Poplar
                   leaves
                
                 as
                 I
                 touched
                 in
                 the
                 twentyfifth
                 
                   Chapter
                   of
                   this
                   Book
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXVIII
                 .
                 Directed
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 Free-men
                 of
                 Cities
                 .
              
               
                 IT
                 may
                 be
                 easily
                 beleeved
                 ,
                 how
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 wellfare
                 of
                 every
                 particular
                 Citizen
                 depends
                 upon
                 the
                 well-being
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 Estate
                 and
                 Condition
                 of
                 their
                 respective
                 Towns
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 City
                 or
                 Common-Wealth
                 is
                 but
                 one
                 Body
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 well
                 expressed
                 by
                 one
                 showing
                 it
                 was
                 as
                 absurd
                 for
                 
                 the
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 to
                 grudge
                 to
                 contribute
                 their
                 uttermost
                 endeavours
                 for
                 the
                 Publick
                 good
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 for
                 the
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 naturall
                 Body
                 of
                 a
                 Man
                 to
                 repyne
                 against
                 the
                 Stomack
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Hands
                 work
                 ,
                 the
                 Feet
                 walk
                 ,
                 and
                 goe
                 about
                 business
                 ,
                 &c
                 ,
                 whereby
                 the
                 Stomack
                 might
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 utter
                 indigencie
                 and
                 want
                 through
                 famine
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 conjecture
                 how
                 soon
                 the
                 Hands
                 should
                 hang
                 down
                 ,
                 the
                 Feet
                 wax
                 feeble
                 ,
                 the
                 Eyes
                 become
                 dim
                 &c.
                 
                 The
                 application
                 of
                 this
                 is
                 clear
                 that
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 otherwayes
                 with
                 every
                 Member
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 where
                 the
                 Publick
                 is
                 neglected
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 was
                 the
                 sense
                 of
                 this
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 hinted
                 before
                 )
                 that
                 made
                 the
                 Generous
                 Romans
                 after
                 the
                 Bat●ell
                 of
                 Cannae
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 both
                 
                   Senators
                   ,
                   Knights
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Privat-Citizens
                 ,
                 to
                 cast
                 in
                 their
                 Privat-Wealth
                 into
                 the
                 Common-Thesaurie
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 ●as
                 quite
                 exhausted
                 :
                 yea
                 ,
                 this
                 made
                 the
                 Tradesmen
                 ,
                 as
                 Measons
                 and
                 
                   Carpenters
                   &c
                
                 ,
                 to
                 employ
                 their
                 pains
                 and
                 labours
                 without
                 wages
                 in
                 that
                 ●xtremity
                 for
                 the
                 Good
                 and
                 Preservation
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 Publick
                 spiritedness
                 ,
                 they
                 ●on
                 recovered
                 their
                 pristine
                 Glory
                 ,
                 Renown
                 and
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 being
                 thereby
                 delivered
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 ●rovidence
                 of
                 the
                 ALMIGHTY
                 )
                 from
                 that
                 ●minent
                 danger
                 ,
                 which
                 then
                 did
                 threaten
                 ●eir
                 utter
                 ruine
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 powerfull
                 and
                 prevail●g
                 Enemie
                 Hanniball
                 and
                 his
                 victorious
                 Army
                 .
                 
                 See
                 
                   Walter
                   Raleighs
                   History
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Florus
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 all
                 therefore
                 consider
                 ,
                 if
                 a
                 Town
                 or
                 Common-wealth
                 be
                 under
                 a
                 great
                 decay
                 and
                 heavy
                 burdens
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 like
                 to
                 ruine
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 if
                 surable
                 and
                 seasonable
                 remedies
                 be
                 not
                 provided
                 ,
                 whither
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 as
                 needfull
                 for
                 Citizens
                 to
                 deny
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 up
                 their
                 private
                 interests
                 to
                 be
                 disposed
                 of
                 for
                 relief
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 a
                 diseased
                 person
                 that
                 is
                 threatned
                 with
                 death
                 by
                 a
                 deadly
                 disease
                 ,
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 let
                 blood
                 and
                 to
                 purging
                 evacuations
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 potion
                 were
                 never
                 so
                 bitter
                 and
                 unpleasant
                 to
                 the
                 taste
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 hope
                 of
                 health
                 and
                 life
                 thereby
                 .
                 We
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 as
                 Children
                 who
                 are
                 led
                 meerly
                 by
                 sense
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 Men
                 who
                 by
                 Reason
                 can
                 deny
                 Sense
                 and
                 force
                 themselves
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 such
                 Medicines
                 as
                 may
                 effectuat
                 the
                 cure
                 ,
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 unpleasant
                 to
                 the
                 pallat
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 therefore
                 an
                 unbeseeming
                 thing
                 in
                 any
                 ,
                 to
                 grudge
                 at
                 any
                 Impositions
                 that
                 may
                 relieve
                 the
                 Publick
                 Burdens
                 of
                 the
                 Common-Wealth
                 .
                 And
                 surely
                 those
                 Towns
                 whose
                 Inhabitants
                 voluntarly
                 consent
                 to
                 such
                 reliefs
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 Imposition
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Supream
                   Authority
                
                 ,
                 are
                 highly
                 to
                 be
                 commended
                 ,
                 as
                 Dundee
                 and
                 Glasgow
                 ,
                 such
                 cannot
                 but
                 flowrish
                 and
                 prosper
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 by
                 the
                 considerable
                 acquisitions
                 which
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Glasgow
                 hath
                 made
                 within
                 thir
                 few
                 years
                 ,
                 yea
                 in
                 building
                 a
                 new
                 Town
                 at
                 the
                 mouth
                 
                 of
                 their
                 River
                 with
                 all
                 accommodations
                 for
                 
                   Trade
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 I
                 could
                 be
                 glade
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 in
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 would
                 but
                 inform
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 spiritedness
                 of
                 that
                 People
                 thir
                 many
                 years
                 by
                 gone
                 ,
                 and
                 emulat
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 give
                 but
                 one
                 instance
                 of
                 this
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 the
                 Englishes
                 had
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 this
                 Nation
                 ,
                 when
                 Gess
                 and
                 Excyse
                 was
                 great
                 ;
                 they
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 did
                 agree
                 to
                 pay
                 six
                 Shillings-sterling
                 upon
                 every
                 Boll
                 of
                 Malt
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 payed
                 all
                 the
                 publick
                 Dues
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Sallaries
                 of
                 their
                 Stipendiaries
                 ;
                 and
                 had
                 their
                 Publick
                 Revenue
                 of
                 their
                 Thesaurie
                 still
                 free
                 from
                 any
                 out-givings
                 all
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 shortly
                 after
                 acquyred
                 Lands
                 of
                 great
                 Rents
                 .
                 An
                 Old-Provest
                 of
                 that
                 Town
                 J.
                 G.
                 told
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 divyded
                 among
                 themselves
                 in
                 some
                 things
                 ,
                 yet
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 should
                 make
                 a
                 motion
                 that
                 might
                 tend
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 agreed
                 as
                 one
                 man.
                 
              
               
                 So
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 in
                 some
                 respect
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Florus
                   in
                   his
                   second
                   book
                   ;
                   Chap.
                
                 6.
                 said
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 
                   Battell
                   of
                   Cannae
                   .
                   O
                   populum
                   dignum
                   omnium
                   faevore
                   &
                   admiratione
                   hominum
                   !
                   compulsus
                   ad
                   ultimos
                   metus
                   ab
                   incepto
                   non
                   destitit
                   :
                   &
                   de
                   sua
                   urbe
                   solicitus
                   .
                
                 (
                 that
                 is
                 )
                 
                   O
                   people
                   !
                   worthy
                   of
                   the
                   favour
                   and
                   respect
                   of
                   all
                   men
                   ;
                   and
                   of
                   their
                   admiration
                   ;
                   though
                   redacted
                   to
                   the
                   last
                   extremity
                   ;
                   yet
                   carefull
                   of
                   their
                   Town
                   .
                
              
               
                 If
                 such
                 a
                 Spirit
                 did
                 act
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 our
                 
                 Nation
                 ,
                 our
                 Towns
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 more
                 prosperous
                 condition
                 by
                 far
                 then
                 they
                 are
                 :
                 and
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 will
                 lay
                 before
                 you
                 this
                 consideration
                 ,
                 either
                 ye
                 are
                 Citizens
                 born
                 or
                 not
                 .
                 If
                 ye
                 be
                 Natives
                 ?
                 it
                 is
                 but
                 naturall
                 to
                 all
                 men
                 to
                 love
                 the
                 place
                 of
                 their
                 Nativity
                 .
                 Many
                 have
                 not
                 thought
                 their
                 Lives
                 dear
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 undergo
                 all
                 perills
                 and
                 hazards
                 for
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Well-being
                 thereof
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 that
                 old
                 saying
                 .
                 
                   Dulce
                   est
                   pro
                   Patria
                   mori
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   gratefull
                   to
                   die
                   for
                   their
                   Native-Countrey
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 they
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 born
                 ,
                 but
                 now
                 made
                 Free-Citizens
                 may
                 mind
                 that
                 their
                 Children
                 are
                 born
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 Parents
                 for
                 most
                 part
                 travell
                 and
                 toyl
                 for
                 their
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 freeing
                 the
                 Publick
                 Debts
                 and
                 Burdens
                 ,
                 ye
                 free
                 your
                 Posterity
                 of
                 Burdens
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 some
                 possibly
                 may
                 jealous
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 their
                 Magistrats
                 as
                 unfaithfull
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 To
                 which
                 I
                 can
                 say
                 ,
                 (
                 having
                 severall
                 years
                 born
                 Office
                 in
                 our
                 own
                 Town
                 ,
                 )
                 I
                 never
                 knew
                 any
                 cause
                 for
                 such
                 a
                 thought
                 ,
                 nor
                 that
                 ever
                 a
                 Magistrat
                 was
                 so
                 base
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 guilty
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Crime
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Romans
                 called
                 ,
                 
                   Crimen
                   Peculatus
                
                 :
                 when
                 Magistrats
                 or
                 others
                 took
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Money
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 personall
                 gain
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 abhored
                 by
                 GOD
                 and
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 enough
                 to
                 procure
                 a
                 Curse
                 upon
                 them
                 and
                 their
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 who
                 ever
                 should
                 be
                 guilty
                 of
                 such
                 baseness
                 .
              
               
               
                 I
                 have
                 read
                 of
                 severall
                 brave
                 Men
                 amongst
                 those
                 we
                 call
                 Heathens
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 Persons
                 of
                 greatest
                 Trust
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 been
                 so
                 faithfull
                 ,
                 that
                 rather
                 then
                 appropriat
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 to
                 their
                 privat
                 use
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 preferred
                 to
                 dye
                 poor
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 buried
                 on
                 the
                 Publick
                 Expense
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Children
                 educated
                 and
                 provyded
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 means
                 .
                 It
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 far
                 more
                 abhorrent
                 to
                 these
                 that
                 profess
                 Christianity
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 frequent
                 with
                 many
                 to
                 admit
                 of
                 a
                 dissatisfaction
                 with
                 their
                 Rulers
                 ,
                 and
                 apprehend
                 their
                 might
                 be
                 had
                 many
                 fitter
                 to
                 Govern
                 then
                 they
                 who
                 are
                 present
                 Incumbents
                 ,
                 I
                 suppose
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 their
                 choise
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 fare
                 with
                 them
                 as
                 it
                 did
                 with
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Capua
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 about
                 to
                 have
                 murthered
                 their
                 whole
                 Senat
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 
                   Clavius
                   Pacuvius
                
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 great
                 respect
                 amongst
                 the
                 People
                 desired
                 them
                 (
                 being
                 conveened
                 in
                 a
                 Publick
                 Assembly
                 )
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 choise
                 of
                 a
                 New
                 Senat
                 before
                 they
                 destroyed
                 the
                 Old.
                 There
                 was
                 not
                 a
                 man
                 that
                 any
                 could
                 name
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 was
                 rejected
                 by
                 the
                 multitude
                 for
                 some
                 fault
                 or
                 other
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 base
                 and
                 unworthie
                 :
                 wherefore
                 he
                 prevailed
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 spare
                 the
                 Senators
                 and
                 to
                 take
                 a
                 new
                 triall
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 I
                 apprehend
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 even
                 so
                 in
                 many
                 Cities
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 people
                 are
                 most
                 dissatisfied
                 with
                 their
                 present
                 Magistrats
                 are
                 they
                 could
                 agree
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
               
                 Therefore
                 seeing
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 men
                 are
                 but
                 men
                 ,
                 let
                 none
                 discover
                 their
                 fathers
                 nakedness
                 ,
                 but
                 patiently
                 and
                 charitably
                 bear
                 with
                 human
                 infirmities
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 concur
                 in
                 their
                 stations
                 ,
                 to
                 seek
                 the
                 Wellfare
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXIX
                 .
                 Some
                 Overtures
                 ,
                 humbly
                 offered
                 to
                 the
                 Nobles
                 and
                 Gentrie
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 Shires
                 in
                 Scotland
                 .
              
               
                 HAving
                 written
                 some
                 Memorialls
                 for
                 the
                 Burghs
                 of
                 this
                 Nation
                 ,
                 I
                 crave
                 favour
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 may
                 with
                 freedom
                 make
                 this
                 address
                 to
                 You
                 ,
                 in
                 laying
                 humbly
                 before
                 you
                 suggestions
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 better
                 pollished
                 by
                 your
                 mature
                 and
                 sharper
                 Understandings
                 ,
                 may
                 tend
                 to
                 the
                 Universall
                 Good
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 In
                 order
                 to
                 which
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 wish
                 you
                 all
                 consider
                 ,
                 that
                 its
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 
                 the
                 LORD
                 that
                 teacheth
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 without
                 which
                 no
                 project
                 nor
                 purpose
                 can
                 attain
                 a
                 blessed
                 success
                 ,
                 or
                 arrive
                 at
                 a
                 happy
                 end
                 .
                 It
                 s
                 onely
                 they
                 that
                 acknowledge
                 the
                 LORD
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 promise
                 to
                 be
                 directed
                 and
                 guided
                 in
                 their
                 paths
                 .
                 It
                 were
                 a
                 great
                 Mercy
                 to
                 this
                 Land
                 ,
                 if
                 this
                 were
                 practically
                 beleeved
                 by
                 all
                 ,
                 especially
                 by
                 you
                 who
                 may
                 greatly
                 influence
                 your
                 inferiours
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 were
                 but
                 a
                 sutable
                 effect
                 of
                 that
                 Gospel-Light
                 which
                 hath
                 shined
                 in
                 most
                 parts
                 of
                 this
                 Nation
                 since
                 the
                 reformation
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 stir
                 you
                 up
                 the
                 more
                 effectually
                 to
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 Look
                 back
                 and
                 consider
                 the
                 many
                 Mercies
                 the
                 LORD
                 GOD
                 hath
                 bestowed
                 upon
                 this
                 Land
                 since
                 ever
                 we
                 were
                 a
                 People
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 we
                 be
                 far
                 short
                 of
                 many
                 other
                 Nations
                 in
                 outward
                 advantages
                 ;
                 yet
                 it
                 hath
                 been
                 our
                 happiness
                 to
                 receive
                 both
                 Honour
                 and
                 Spirituall
                 Blessings
                 beyond
                 the
                 most
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 for
                 both
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 give
                 some
                 instances
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Honour
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 our
                 Naion
                 after
                 long
                 and
                 many
                 bloody
                 conflicts
                 with
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 to
                 set
                 bounds
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Roman
                   Empire
                
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 had
                 matter
                 to
                 say
                 as
                 GOD
                 Himself
                 said
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 Job
                 38.11
                 .
                 
                   Hitherto
                   shalt
                   thou
                   come
                   ,
                   but
                   no
                   further
                   :
                   and
                   here
                   shall
                   thy
                   proud
                   waves
                   be
                   stayed
                   .
                
                 Though
                 it
                 s
                 our
                 duty
                 to
                 say
                 as
                 Psal.
                 115.1
                 .
                 
                   Not
                   unto
                   us
                   O
                   LORD
                   ,
                   Not
                   unto
                   us
                   ,
                   but
                   unto
                   thy
                   Name
                   give
                   Glory
                   .
                
                 For
                 
                 though
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 LORDS
                 mercie
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 valour
                 and
                 conduct
                 of
                 that
                 renowned
                 King
                 Corbredus
                 ,
                 surnamed
                 Galdus
                 ,
                 the
                 twentyfirst
                 King
                 of
                 Scotland
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 courage
                 and
                 valiant
                 indefatigability
                 of
                 your
                 noble
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Roman-Armie
                 consisting
                 of
                 above
                 ten
                 Legions
                 ,
                 or
                 sixty
                 thousand
                 men
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 first
                 came
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 
                   Julius
                   Agricola
                
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 beaten
                 and
                 worn
                 out
                 by
                 the
                 Scots
                 and
                 Pights
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 beleaguered
                 within
                 their
                 trenches
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 to
                 that
                 straite
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 sent
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 our
                 King
                 who
                 commanded
                 in
                 Chief
                 ,
                 which
                 because
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 looked
                 upon
                 as
                 a
                 greater
                 Glory
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 Vulgar
                 esteem
                 )
                 then
                 any
                 other
                 Kingdom
                 in
                 Europe
                 can
                 boast
                 of
                 :
                 I
                 have
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 insert
                 their
                 address
                 and
                 speach
                 here
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 unworthy
                 of
                 record
                 which
                 is
                 as
                 followeth
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 occasion
                 ,
                 (
                 having
                 granted
                 them
                 liberty
                 and
                 cessation
                 of
                 Armes
                 )
                 there
                 came
                 four
                 Grave
                 and
                 Venerable
                 Men
                 from
                 the
                 Roman-Camp
                 ,
                 (
                 cloathed
                 with
                 Roman-Gowns
                 ,
                 no
                 less
                 decent
                 then
                 gorgious
                 ,
                 )
                 to
                 these
                 confederated
                 Kings
                 sitting
                 in
                 the
                 Assembly
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 both
                 Nations
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 approached
                 to
                 the
                 presence
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 did
                 prostrat
                 themselves
                 upon
                 the
                 ground
                 :
                 who
                 (
                 immediatly
                 at
                 the
                 command
                 of
                 these
                 Kings
                 ,
                 being
                 raised
                 
                 up
                 )
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 who
                 was
                 appointed
                 as
                 Spoksman
                 ,
                 said
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Most
                   invincible
                
                 PRINCES
                 ,
                 the
                 Roman-Army
                 
                   and
                   their
                   Commanders
                   ,
                   though
                   Conquerors
                   ●f
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   implores
                   Your
                   Favour
                   :
                   whom
                   they
                   ●ave
                   these
                   many
                   years
                   prosecuted
                   by
                   Hostile-War
                   ,
                   ●nd
                   humbly
                   begs
                   your
                   pardon
                   and
                   mercy
                   .
                   Neither
                   ●ould
                   there
                   any
                   thing
                   fall
                   out
                   amongst
                   such
                   glorious
                   Actions
                   for
                   your
                   Honour
                   and
                   Renown
                   ,
                   or
                   more
                   wor●hy
                   of
                   memory
                   amongst
                   your
                   Posterity
                   ,
                   then
                   that
                   the
                
                 Roman-Ambassadors
                 
                   should
                   have
                   fallen
                   down
                   at
                   our
                   feet
                   ,
                   to
                   whom
                   all
                   Kings
                   and
                   People
                   being
                   sub●ued
                   are
                   forced
                   to
                   pay
                   obedience
                   .
                   Ye
                   have
                   over●ome
                   us
                   we
                   acknowledge
                   ,
                   with
                   you
                   is
                   the
                   power
                   of
                   ●ur
                   Life
                   and
                   Death
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   anger
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   whom
                   we
                   have
                   found
                   to
                   be
                   highly
                   offended
                   for
                   ●ac
                   War
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   most
                   unjustly
                   engaged
                   you
                   ●●to
                   .
                   Use
                   these
                   at
                   your
                   own
                   pleasure
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   〈◊〉
                   may
                   advance
                   your
                   Glory
                   and
                   Renown
                   .
                   All
                   we
                   ●eg
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   ye
                   may
                   overcome
                   your
                   wrath
                   ,
                   who
                   have
                   ●vercome
                   the
                   Conquerors
                   of
                   the
                   World.
                   Or
                   if
                   ye
                   ●ill
                   rather
                   choose
                   to
                   be
                   subdued
                   by
                   your
                   passion
                   ,
                   kill
                   ●very
                   one
                   of
                   us
                   to
                   the
                   last
                   man
                   ,
                   for
                   we
                   cannot
                   deny
                   ●●●t
                   we
                   have
                   deserved
                   it
                   .
                   But
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   small
                   matter
                   ●●at
                   ye
                   who
                   inhabit
                   the
                   uttermost
                   ends
                   of
                   the
                   earth
                   ,
                   ●ould
                   conquer
                   by
                   your
                   Valour
                   all
                   other
                   Mortalls
                   ,
                   by
                   ●hich
                   ye
                   do
                   transcend
                   the
                   highest
                   pitch
                   of
                   Human
                   ●ower
                   :
                   but
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   yet
                   more
                   when
                   ye
                   have
                   over●●me
                   many
                   more
                   powerfull
                   ,
                   if
                   yet
                   ye
                   shall
                   preserve
                   ●ive
                   so
                   many
                   brave
                   men
                   .
                   We
                   have
                   felt
                   the
                   force
                   
                   of
                   your
                   armes
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   felt
                   the
                   wrath
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   we
                   humbly
                   implore
                   we
                   may
                   feel
                   your
                   Mercy
                   and
                   Clemency
                   ,
                   and
                   because
                   we
                   acknowledge
                   our selves
                   beaten
                   and
                   rendered
                   unto
                   you
                   ,
                   what
                   ever
                   conditions
                   of
                   Peace
                   ye
                   shall
                   appoint
                   us
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   willingly
                   to
                   accept
                   .
                
              
               
                 These
                 things
                 being
                 said
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 weeping
                 did
                 throw
                 themselves
                 down
                 at
                 the
                 feet
                 of
                 thes●
                 Kings
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 many
                 tears
                 prayed
                 they
                 would
                 spare
                 their
                 conquered
                 and
                 submissive
                 Petitioners
                 ▪
                 And
                 intreated
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 satisfied
                 ,
                 that
                 th●
                 Gods
                 had
                 so
                 aboundantly
                 avenged
                 themselve●
                 upon
                 them
                 for
                 this
                 unjust
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 impious
                 wrongs
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 unto
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 particularly
                 related
                 by
                 our
                 
                   Scots
                   Historian
                   Hector
                   Boyes
                
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 life
                 of
                 this
                 King
                 
                   Corbr●dus
                   Galdus
                
                 ,
                 who
                 asserts
                 the
                 most
                 he
                 had
                 se●
                 down
                 concerning
                 our
                 conflicts
                 and
                 wars
                 wit●
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 it
                 not
                 onely
                 from
                 th●
                 Famous
                 
                   Brittish
                   Historians
                
                 ,
                 but
                 from
                 the
                 Roma●
                 Writters
                 themselves
                 ;
                 particularly
                 ,
                 from
                 
                   Co●nelius
                   Tacitus
                   ,
                   Lampridius
                   ,
                   Herodianus
                   ,
                   Paul●
                   Diaconus
                   ,
                   Elius
                   Spartanus
                   ,
                   Strabo
                   ,
                   &c
                
                 :
                 as
                 ma●
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 
                   Boyes
                   his
                   Epistle
                   Dedicatory
                   to
                   K.
                   Jam●●
                   the
                   fifth
                   .
                
              
               
                 Now
                 I
                 suppose
                 ,
                 that
                 neither
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   Spain
                   ▪
                   Germany
                
                 ,
                 nor
                 
                   England
                   ,
                   &c
                
                 :
                 can
                 boast
                 of
                 suc●
                 an
                 Honour
                 as
                 the
                 LORD
                 GOD
                 did
                 he●
                 by
                 put
                 upon
                 this
                 our
                 Nation
                 ,
                 according
                 a●
                 Honour
                 is
                 ordinarly
                 esteemed
                 by
                 the
                 most
                 〈◊〉
                 people
                 of
                 the
                 world
                 .
              
               
               
                 Scaliger
                 in
                 his
                 Epitaph
                 upon
                 
                   Geo.
                   Buchanan
                
                 our
                 ●ountrey-Man
                 ,
                 and
                 our
                 Historian
                 closes
                 it
                 up
                 ●ith
                 thir
                 two
                 lynes
                 ,
                 
                   
                     Imperii
                     fuerat
                     Romani
                     Scotia
                     limes
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Romani
                     Scotia
                     eloquii
                     finis
                     erit
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 Again
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 Spirituall
                 Blessings
                 ,
                 consider
                 ,
                 ●cotland
                 was
                 amongst
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Nations
                 ●ho
                 embraced
                 the
                 Christian-Religion
                 ,
                 which
                 ●as
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 
                   Donald
                   the
                   first
                
                 did
                 reign
                 〈◊〉
                 Scotland
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 Year
                 187
                 after
                 CHRIST'S
                 ●irth
                 .
                 And
                 also
                 ,
                 were
                 amongst
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 ●id
                 forsake
                 the
                 Idolatrie
                 and
                 Superstition
                 of
                 the
                 Roman-Antichrist
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 this
                 by
                 the
                 speciall
                 Mercy
                 and
                 Providence
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 who
                 all
                 a●●ngst
                 hath
                 given
                 eminent
                 evidences
                 of
                 his
                 great
                 ●egard
                 and
                 compassion
                 unto
                 Scotland
                 ,
                 both
                 be●ore
                 Christianity
                 was
                 embraced
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 we
                 ●ere
                 Heathens
                 :
                 and
                 also
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 were
                 lying
                 ●nder
                 the
                 darkness
                 of
                 Popish-delusions
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 ●imessed
                 by
                 our
                 deliverances
                 from
                 the
                 Tyrra●y
                 of
                 the
                 Danes
                 ,
                 obtained
                 by
                 signall
                 Victories
                 ●nder
                 severall
                 of
                 our
                 Kings
                 ,
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 ●he
                 Famous
                 Predecessors
                 of
                 the
                 Families
                 of
                 ●rroll
                 and
                 Marischall
                 were
                 eminently
                 instru●entall
                 at
                 Luncartie
                 and
                 Barrie
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 from
                 the
                 powerfull
                 invasions
                 of
                 the
                 ●orvegians
                 under
                 Acio
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 defeated
                 by
                 
                   King
                   Alexander
                   the
                   third
                
                 :
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 mi●●culous
                 deliverances
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 unjust
                 and
                 hor●●d
                 devastations
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Edwards
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   second
                
                 
                 and
                 third
                 of
                 England
                 :
                 by
                 the
                 incomparable
                 Valour
                 of
                 
                   William
                   Wallace
                
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 never
                 enough
                 admired
                 Prowess
                 and
                 Conduct
                 of
                 that
                 Famous
                 and
                 most
                 Renowned
                 
                   King
                   ,
                   Robert
                   Bruce
                
                 .
              
               
                 Wherefore
                 it
                 remaineth
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 LORD
                 GOD
                 hath
                 blessed
                 you
                 with
                 times
                 of
                 Peace
                 and
                 Tranquillity
                 ,
                 that
                 ye
                 should
                 say
                 with
                 
                   King
                   David
                   ,
                   Psal.
                
                 116.12
                 .
                 
                   What
                   shall
                   we
                   render
                   unto
                   the
                   LORD
                   for
                   all
                   his
                   benefits
                   towards
                   us
                   ,
                
                 that
                 we
                 are
                 not
                 under
                 the
                 power
                 and
                 constant
                 fear
                 and
                 slavery
                 of
                 cruell
                 and
                 enraged
                 enemies
                 ,
                 killing
                 our
                 Children
                 and
                 dear
                 Relations
                 ,
                 ravishing
                 our
                 Virgins
                 ,
                 Wives
                 and
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 spoiling
                 our
                 Goods
                 ,
                 burning
                 our
                 Houses
                 ,
                 depopulating
                 our
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 word
                 ruining
                 ,
                 laying
                 desolat
                 our
                 Countrey
                 without
                 Inhabitants
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 hath
                 been
                 the
                 Lot
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 your
                 Ancestors
                 in
                 sundrie
                 former
                 Generations
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 not
                 these
                 considerations
                 move
                 and
                 excite
                 you
                 to
                 bethink
                 yourselves
                 ,
                 what
                 shall
                 we
                 do
                 for
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 GOD
                 of
                 our
                 Mercies
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 our
                 Native-Countrey
                 in
                 these
                 our
                 dayes
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 our
                 Children
                 and
                 Posterity
                 in
                 succeeding
                 Generations
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 I
                 doubt
                 not
                 ,
                 but
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 brave
                 and
                 eminent
                 Spirits
                 amongst
                 the
                 Nobility
                 and
                 Gentry
                 of
                 Scotland
                 ,
                 that
                 can
                 judge
                 wha●
                 
                 ●hings
                 are
                 most
                 conducible
                 to
                 all
                 these
                 Hono●able
                 Ends
                 now
                 mentioned
                 ;
                 yet
                 under
                 favour
                 ,
                 ●nd
                 with
                 your
                 liberty
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 presume
                 to
                 men●●on
                 a
                 few
                 things
                 unto
                 you
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 reported
                 by
                 Plutarch
                 in
                 the
                 life
                 of
                 
                 Theseus
                 ●●at
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 barbaritie
                 of
                 Ancient
                 Times
                 ,
                 ●●at
                 men
                 placed
                 their
                 vertue
                 and
                 valour
                 in
                 kill●●g
                 ,
                 slaughtering
                 and
                 destroying
                 of
                 men
                 ,
                 and
                 〈◊〉
                 best
                 in
                 oppressing
                 of
                 others
                 and
                 making
                 of
                 ●●●ves
                 ,
                 yea
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 regrated
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 our
                 ●●me
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 by
                 many
                 reckoned
                 the
                 sharpest
                 ●●d
                 prettiest
                 men
                 ,
                 that
                 can
                 over-reach
                 and
                 go
                 ●●yond
                 or
                 oppress
                 their
                 peaceable
                 Neighbours
                 .
              
               
                 Whereas
                 the
                 Doctrine
                 of
                 Christianity
                 teach●●h
                 its
                 professors
                 more
                 myld
                 and
                 righteous
                 ●●ings
                 ,
                 
                   not
                   to
                   render
                   evil
                   for
                   evil
                   :
                   Thes.
                
                 5.15
                 .
                 ●ath
                 .
                 5.44
                 .
                 much
                 less
                 to
                 do
                 any
                 evil
                 with●●t
                 a
                 cause
                 .
                 The
                 Primitive
                 Christians
                 were
                 〈◊〉
                 a
                 far
                 other
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 testified
                 by
                 
                   Origen
                   ,
                   ●●stin
                   Martyr
                   ,
                   Tertulian
                
                 in
                 their
                 Apologies
                 ,
                 par●●●ularly
                 by
                 that
                 famous
                 letter
                 which
                 
                   Marcus
                   ●●relius
                   Antoninus
                   Emperour
                
                 wrote
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Senat
                 ●●d
                 People
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 wherein
                 he
                 showes
                 ,
                 that
                 〈◊〉
                 his
                 great
                 distress
                 he
                 had
                 called
                 the
                 Christians
                 〈◊〉
                 his
                 assistance
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 
                   without
                   Weapons
                   ,
                   ●●munition
                   ,
                   Armour
                
                 or
                 
                   Trumpet
                   ;
                   as
                   men
                   ab●●ing
                   such
                   preparation
                   or
                   furnitur
                   ,
                   but
                   onely
                   ●●●●sfied
                   in
                   the
                   trust
                   of
                   their
                   GOD
                   ,
                   whom
                   they
                   ●●●ry
                   about
                   with
                   them
                   in
                   their
                   Consciences
                   .
                
                 This
                 〈◊〉
                 far
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 old
                 Barbaritie
                 ,
                 which
                 
                 alace
                 hath
                 revived
                 to
                 the
                 full
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 defection
                 and
                 apostacy
                 from
                 the
                 purity
                 and
                 simplicity
                 of
                 Christianity
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 evident
                 by
                 the
                 fr●quent
                 and
                 bloody
                 wars
                 amongst
                 both
                 Papists
                 an●
                 Protestants
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 now
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 LORD
                 GOD
                 i●
                 calling
                 for
                 these
                 illustrious
                 and
                 splendid
                 Ve●tues
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 most
                 sutable
                 and
                 congru●●
                 to
                 the
                 Spirit
                 and
                 Light
                 of
                 the
                 Gospell
                 ,
                 whic●
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 more
                 in
                 esteem
                 and
                 practice
                 ,
                 y●●
                 should
                 have
                 little
                 use
                 for
                 that
                 Valour
                 and
                 Ve●tue
                 which
                 Heathens
                 and
                 Infidels
                 do
                 so
                 muc●
                 cry
                 up
                 and
                 admire
                 .
                 If
                 ye
                 were
                 laying
                 you●
                 selves
                 out
                 to
                 Honour
                 GOD
                 ,
                 by
                 seeking
                 aft●●
                 truth
                 ,
                 and
                 doing
                 righteousness
                 ,
                 the
                 LORD
                 GOD
                 would
                 doubtless
                 employ
                 his
                 Power
                 an●
                 Providence
                 to
                 preserve
                 you
                 in
                 peace
                 and
                 pro●perity
                 .
                 Exod.
                 34.23
                 ,
                 24.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 requisit
                 in
                 th●
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Sheriff
                   head
                   Courts
                
                 in
                 eve●●
                 Shyre
                 (
                 which
                 meet
                 twice
                 or
                 thrice
                 every
                 year
                 were
                 improven
                 to
                 better
                 purpose
                 ,
                 then
                 me●●ly
                 to
                 cite
                 the
                 names
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 absen●
                 lyable
                 to
                 fynes
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 present
                 to
                 give
                 mone●
                 upon
                 Instruments
                 ,
                 both
                 which
                 might
                 be
                 do●●
                 to
                 good
                 purpose
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Courts
                 when
                 co●veened
                 did
                 improve
                 their
                 Meetings
                 to
                 bett●●
                 Ends
              
               
                 As
                 First
                 ,
                 Every
                 Court
                 would
                 notice
                 the
                 di●cords
                 within
                 their
                 respective
                 Shyres
                 and
                 P●●vinces
                 ,
                 
                 for
                 what
                 ever
                 cause
                 the
                 difference
                 were
                 ,
                 ●hich
                 was
                 a
                 speciall
                 effair
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 ●f
                 our
                 KINGS
                 did
                 ever
                 much
                 concern
                 them●elves
                 in
                 ,
                 to
                 agree
                 all
                 discords
                 amongst
                 Sub●●cts
                 that
                 were
                 at
                 variance
                 .
                 See
                 Buchanan
                 ,
                 in
                 ●●e
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 
                   K.
                   Gregorius
                   ,
                   ●ag
                
                 .
                 177.
                 
                 And
                 to
                 forbear
                 mentioning
                 more
                 ,
                 
                   K.
                   James
                   the
                   sixth
                
                 took
                 much
                 pains
                 in
                 this
                 to
                 ●ood
                 purpose
                 ,
                 see
                 
                   Spotswood
                   ,
                   Pag.
                
                 364.
                 
                 See
                 ●sal
                 .
                 133.1
                 .
                 throughout
                 ,
                 
                   Behold
                   ,
                   how
                   good
                   ,
                   ●●d
                   how
                   pleasant
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   for
                   brethren
                   to
                   dwell
                   to●●ther
                   in
                   unitie
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 So
                 these
                 Courts
                 might
                 appoint
                 fit
                 persons
                 ,
                 ●●ch
                 as
                 are
                 preferable
                 for
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Skill
                 〈◊〉
                 the
                 Effair
                 ,
                 or
                 are
                 of
                 most
                 probable
                 Qua●●y
                 as
                 near
                 in
                 relation
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 great
                 favour
                 and
                 ●●spect
                 with
                 the
                 Parties
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 difference
                 may
                 〈◊〉
                 taken
                 away
                 ,
                 Friendship
                 and
                 Union
                 made
                 〈◊〉
                 ,
                 unnecessary
                 charge
                 and
                 expense
                 prevented
                 〈◊〉
                 being
                 heard
                 at
                 Law
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 there
                 might
                 〈◊〉
                 no
                 distance
                 ,
                 heart
                 burning
                 ,
                 rancour
                 or
                 ●ath
                 in
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 respective
                 Shyres
                 :
                 but
                 love
                 ●●d
                 mutuall
                 friendship
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 ●●iefest
                 ends
                 and
                 designs
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 GOD
                 ●●d
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 would
                 transcend
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 Justice
                 ●●d
                 Righteousness
                 ,
                 for
                 where
                 true
                 Love
                 and
                 ●eaceable
                 and
                 friendly
                 disposition
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 ●●minion
                 ,
                 Parties
                 would
                 rather
                 condescend
                 to
                 〈◊〉
                 losers
                 of
                 their
                 due
                 right
                 ,
                 then
                 brake
                 the
                 ●●s
                 of
                 friendship
                 and
                 love
                 .
              
               
               
                 It
                 is
                 reported
                 by
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Historians
                 of
                 our
                 Nation
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 commendation
                 of
                 the
                 Old-Barrons
                 of
                 the
                 Mearns
                 that
                 there
                 never
                 fell
                 out
                 any
                 debate
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 did
                 so
                 concern
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 took
                 no
                 respit
                 till
                 the
                 matter
                 was
                 put
                 to
                 a
                 friendly
                 close
                 .
                 If
                 this
                 were
                 the
                 custom
                 and
                 way
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Nation
                 ,
                 what
                 a
                 mercy
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 to
                 our
                 Countrey
                 and
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 ?
                 what
                 great
                 advantage
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 and
                 to
                 Particular
                 Families
                 ?
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 for
                 every
                 one
                 to
                 judge
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Concordia
                   res
                   parvae
                   crescunt
                   ,
                   discordia
                   maximae
                   dilabuntur
                   .
                
                 This
                 was
                 an
                 old
                 saying
                 in
                 Salustius
                 ,
                 and
                 holds
                 true
                 in
                 all
                 Ages
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 respects
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 fit
                 that
                 in
                 these
                 Head-Courts
                 consideration
                 were
                 carefully
                 and
                 cordially
                 had
                 of
                 such
                 
                   Acts
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 ,
                 whether
                 old
                 or
                 late
                 ,
                 that
                 did
                 most
                 concern
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 order
                 thereto
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 fit
                 persons
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 most
                 publick
                 spirits
                 and
                 activity
                 in
                 every
                 corner
                 and
                 precinct
                 of
                 the
                 respective
                 Shyres
                 ,
                 were
                 appointed
                 to
                 see
                 these
                 put
                 in
                 Execution
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 report
                 at
                 the
                 next
                 Head-Court
                 their
                 diligence
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 If
                 this
                 were
                 ,
                 our
                 Hye-wayes
                 for
                 Travellers
                 would
                 be
                 neatly
                 repared
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   Bridges
                
                 ,
                 where
                 most
                 danger
                 is
                 would
                 be
                 builded
                 carefully
                 up
                 ,
                 though
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 charge
                 in
                 each
                 respective
                 Province
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   Sturdy-Beggars
                   ,
                   Theeves
                   ,
                   Robbers
                   ,
                   ●dle-Persons
                
                 notably
                 supprest
                 .
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 Our
                 Countrey
                 in
                 
                   Planting
                   ,
                   Parking
                   ,
                   Hedging
                
                 and
                 Dycking
                 beautifully
                 trimmed
                 .
              
               
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 All
                 pollicie
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Dove-houses
                   ,
                   War●ands
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Cunningers
                 ,
                 commendably
                 advanced
                 .
              
               
                 Sixthly
                 ,
                 The
                 Poor
                 in
                 every
                 Parish
                 conscien●●ously
                 provyded
                 .
              
               
                 Seventhly
                 ,
                 The
                 Young-ones
                 put
                 to
                 Schooles
                 and
                 Trades
                 timely
                 and
                 in
                 fit
                 season
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 vertue
                 ,
                 ●iety
                 and
                 good
                 order
                 should
                 eminently
                 flowrish
                 .
              
               
                 Eightly
                 ,
                 Scandalous
                 and
                 provocking
                 Sins
                 ,
                 ●s
                 
                   Drunkenness
                   ,
                   Whooring
                   ,
                   Swearing
                
                 and
                 Oaths
                 ,
                 ●nd
                 idle
                 gaming
                 at
                 Cardes
                 and
                 
                   Dyce
                   &c
                
                 ,
                 punc●●ally
                 punished
                 .
              
               
                 Whereby
                 the
                 LORD
                 GOD
                 of
                 all
                 our
                 ●ercies
                 would
                 graciously
                 be
                 pleased
                 to
                 multi●●y
                 his
                 Blessings
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 Plenty
                 and
                 Prospe●●ty
                 upon
                 us
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 Isa.
                 62.4
                 .
                 
                   Thou
                   ●●alt
                   no
                   more
                   be
                   termed
                   forsaken
                   ,
                   neither
                   shall
                   thy
                   ●●nd
                   any
                   more
                   be
                   termed
                   desolate
                   ;
                   but
                   thou
                   shalt
                   be
                   ●●lled
                
                 Hephzibah
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   thy
                   land
                
                 Benlah
                 ,
                 
                   for
                   the
                   ●ORD
                   delyteth
                   in
                   thee
                   ,
                   and
                   thy
                   land
                   shall
                   be
                   ●arried
                   .
                
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 well
                 worth
                 the
                 noticeing
                 ,
                 what
                 
                   Bodin
                   〈◊〉
                   his
                   third
                   book
                   of
                   his
                   Republick
                   ,
                   Chap.
                
                 7.
                 
                 Pag.
                 ●2
                 .
                 writs
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Province
                   of
                   Languedock
                   in
                   France
                   at
                   the
                
                 Nobility
                 and
                 Gentry
                 
                   of
                   that
                
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 
                 
                   in
                   their
                   conventions
                   ,
                   had
                   ordered
                
                 1200
                 
                   Livers
                   ,
                   or
                   an
                   hundred
                   pound
                   sterling
                   yearly
                   ,
                   for
                   training
                   up
                   the
                   Youth
                   of
                   that
                   whole
                   Countrey
                   in
                   the
                   City
                   of
                
                 Nimes
                 :
                 
                   besides
                   what
                   was
                   done
                   by
                   other
                   Societies
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   they
                   builded
                   brave
                   Fortresses
                   ,
                   or
                   Forts
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   .
                   That
                   they
                   caused
                   execute
                
                 Buzac
                 
                   who
                   was
                   the
                   most
                   noble
                   and
                   notable
                
                 Volens
                 or
                 Robber
                 
                   in
                   that
                   Age
                   ,
                   whom
                   neither
                
                 Judge
                 nor
                 Magistrat
                 ,
                 
                   no
                   nor
                   the
                
                 Parliament
                 of
                 Tholouse
                 
                   it self
                   could
                   get
                   any
                   order
                   taken
                   with
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Also
                   they
                   appointed
                   other
                   great
                   sums
                   ,
                   for
                   other
                   brave
                   uses
                   and
                   ends
                   of
                   publick
                   concernment
                   .
                
                 And
                 so
                 goeth
                 on
                 to
                 shew
                 the
                 great
                 profit
                 which
                 accrues
                 to
                 a
                 Nation
                 or
                 Countrey
                 by
                 such
                 conventions
                 and
                 societies
                 :
                 and
                 showes
                 that
                 these
                 were
                 better
                 governed
                 in
                 the
                 Cantons
                 of
                 the
                 Switzers
                 then
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 for
                 every
                 Canton
                 ,
                 yea
                 every
                 rank
                 of
                 men
                 ,
                 as
                 Merchants
                 and
                 Trades
                 had
                 their
                 common
                 and
                 general
                 Meetings
                 there
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 .
                 Also
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 
                   ten
                   Circuits
                
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 of
                 Germany
                 have
                 their
                 distinct
                 Meetings
                 a
                 part
                 ,
                 all
                 which
                 are
                 in
                 such
                 order
                 and
                 correspondence
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Empyre
                 (
                 sayes
                 he
                 )
                 would
                 have
                 long
                 agoe
                 been
                 brought
                 to
                 ruine
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 this
                 Policy
                 and
                 Government
                 prevented
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 were
                 much
                 to
                 be
                 wished
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 appointed
                 dyers
                 of
                 Meeting
                 from
                 that
                 Love
                 and
                 Friendship
                 which
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 amongst
                 Neighbours
                 and
                 Relations
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 bounds
                 of
                 every
                 
                 Presbitry
                 or
                 Parish
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 were
                 expedient
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 
                   Justice
                   of
                   Peace
                
                 might
                 be
                 present
                 ,
                 where
                 conveniently
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 had
                 ,
                 to
                 confer
                 what
                 might
                 tend
                 to
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 bounds
                 within
                 their
                 precincts
                 ,
                 and
                 accordingly
                 ●o
                 put
                 such
                 things
                 in
                 practice
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 prepare
                 Overtures
                 at
                 every
                 such
                 meeting
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 ●he
                 whole
                 .
                 This
                 questionless
                 would
                 greatly
                 ●end
                 to
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 ●ypen
                 matters
                 not
                 onely
                 for
                 more
                 publick
                 conventions
                 ;
                 but
                 also
                 for
                 a
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 when
                 ●uch
                 occasion
                 offered
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 any
                 other
                 meet●ngs
                 which
                 the
                 
                   Kings
                   Councill
                
                 appoints
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 ●id
                 lately
                 for
                 repairing
                 Hye-Wayes
                 and
                 Bridges
                 .
              
               
                 Every
                 Parish
                 might
                 have
                 their
                 Heritors
                 ,
                 with
                 ●uch
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 discreetest
                 of
                 their
                 Yeomanrie
                 ,
                 ●o
                 meet
                 once
                 or
                 twise
                 every
                 Moneth
                 in
                 a
                 con●enient
                 House
                 ,
                 unless
                 it
                 be
                 in
                 Winter
                 ;
                 which
                 ●ere
                 a
                 mean
                 to
                 preserve
                 freedom
                 and
                 friendship
                 ●n
                 the
                 Parish
                 :
                 where
                 they
                 might
                 confer
                 at
                 large
                 ●nent
                 the
                 general
                 Concernments
                 thereof
                 as
                 the
                 ●roportioning
                 of
                 the
                 Cess
                 or
                 other
                 Subsidies
                 ,
                 ●nd
                 laying
                 down
                 a
                 way
                 for
                 a
                 publick
                 Purse
                 ,
                 ●r
                 defraying
                 publick
                 Charges
                 of
                 the
                 Parish
                 ,
                 ●roviding
                 for
                 the
                 Poor
                 ,
                 mending
                 
                   Hye-Wayes
                   ,
                   Bridges
                
                 and
                 Calsies
                 within
                 their
                 bounds
                 ,
                 and
                 ●●king
                 course
                 with
                 idle
                 persons
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Numa
                   Pompilius
                   ;
                   King
                   and
                   Law-giver
                   to
                   the
                   ●omans
                   ;
                   Solon
                
                 and
                 Lycurgus
                 these
                 Graecian-Law●●vers
                 ,
                 were
                 much
                 for
                 such
                 Meetings
                 and
                 Fraternities
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 all
                 such
                 means
                 as
                 might
                 tend
                 to
                 beget
                 and
                 confirm
                 Friendship
                 and
                 Love
                 ,
                 and
                 advance
                 the
                 common
                 interest
                 ;
                 see
                 Plutarch
                 on
                 Solon
                 and
                 Lycurgus
                 lives
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 are
                 but
                 a
                 few
                 hints
                 of
                 such
                 Vertuous
                 Employments
                 and
                 Improvments
                 as
                 our
                 Great
                 Men
                 might
                 lay
                 themselves
                 out
                 in
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 humbly
                 conceived
                 might
                 tend
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 Good
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 profit
                 of
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 if
                 effectually
                 prosecuted
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 because
                 many
                 great
                 Wits
                 are
                 ready
                 to
                 reject
                 every
                 motion
                 which
                 flowes
                 not
                 from
                 themselves
                 ,
                 or
                 from
                 some
                 of
                 a
                 higher
                 station
                 then
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 and
                 for●this
                 end
                 raise
                 objections
                 against
                 such
                 things
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 answere
                 this
                 with
                 one
                 singular
                 observation
                 of
                 the
                 forementioned
                 
                   French
                   Author
                   ,
                   Bodinus
                
                 in
                 his
                 fourth
                 book
                 Pag.
                 593.
                 
              
               
                 
                   There
                   are
                
                 (
                 sayes
                 he
                 )
                 
                   two
                   remarkable
                   faults
                   ,
                   which
                   oftentimes
                   men
                   of
                   sharpest
                   spirits
                   fall
                   into
                   concerning
                   the
                   Government
                   of
                   Societies
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   One
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   look
                   narrowly
                   to
                   the
                   inconvenients
                   of
                   a
                   Law
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   motion
                   ,
                   without
                   considering
                   the
                   good
                   that
                   may
                   flow
                   from
                   it
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   other
                   is
                   ,
                   they
                   run
                   from
                   one
                   extream
                   to
                   another
                   .
                
                 So
                 I
                 shall
                 wish
                 the
                 Benefits
                 which
                 may
                 flow
                 from
                 this
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 laid
                 in
                 the
                 ballance
                 against
                 any
                 inconvenients
                 which
                 men
                 can
                 imagin
                 can
                 follow
                 upon
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 ,
                 I
                 wish
                 such
                 may
                 not
                 run
                 from
                 the
                 diligent
                 
                 and
                 carefull
                 observation
                 of
                 such
                 good
                 Overtures
                 and
                 profitable
                 Motions
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 supine
                 and
                 totall
                 neglect
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 may
                 tend
                 to
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 GOD
                 ,
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 their
                 Posterity
                 :
                 but
                 rather
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 hinted
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 )
                 may
                 improve
                 their
                 accutest
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 noble
                 Enduements
                 ,
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 a
                 way
                 of
                 prosecuting
                 these
                 Honorable
                 Ends
                 ●o
                 the
                 compleatest
                 period
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 caice
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 attained
                 all
                 I
                 ever
                 aimed
                 at
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 true
                 Zelot
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 soberness
                 ●hall
                 close
                 with
                 one
                 that
                 was
                 a
                 good
                 Countrey-man
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 ,
                 who
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   
                     
                       Vive
                       ,
                       vale
                       si
                       quid
                       novisti
                       rectius
                       istis
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Candidus
                       imperti
                       ,
                       si
                       non
                       his
                       utere
                       mecum
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Englished
                       thus
                       .
                    
                     
                       Live
                       and
                       farewell
                       if
                       better
                       things
                       thou
                       knows
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Impairt
                       them
                       freely
                       ,
                       if
                       not
                       make
                       use
                       of
                       those
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   PHILOPOLITEIUS
                   .
                
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
             
               A
               Succinct
               SURVEY
               Of
               the
               famous
               CITY
               OF
               ABERDEEN
               ,
               With
               its
               Situation
               ,
               Description
               ,
               Antiquity
               ,
               Fidelity
               and
               Loyalty
               to
               their
               SOVERAIGNES
               .
               AS
               ALSO
               ,
               The
               gracious
               Rewards
               conferred
               thereon
               ,
               and
               the
               signall
               Evidences
               of
               Honour
               put
               upon
               many
               chief
               MAGISTRATS
               thereof
               .
            
             
               With
               a
               Catalogue
               of
               THEM
               since
               the
               CITY
               was
               burn'd
               for
               LOYALTY
               ,
               about
               the
               Year
               1330.
               
            
             
               TOGETHER
               WITH
               The
               Epigrams
               of
               ARTHUR
               JOHNSTOUN
               Doctor
               of
               Medicin
               upon
               the
               said
               CITY
               ,
               and
               severall
               other
               of
               the
               Principall
               ROYALL-BURGHS
               in
               this
               Ancient
               Kingdom
               of
               SCOTLAND
               :
               Translated
               into
               English
               by
               
                 I
                 B.
              
               
            
             
               By
               a
               Zealous
               Lover
               of
               BON-ACCORD
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               .
            
             
               Aberdeen
               ,
               Printed
               by
               
                 Iohn
                 Forbes
              
               1685.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               
                 
                   BON
                   ACCORD
                
                 
                   Insignia
                   Vrbis
                   abredonie
                
              
            
             
               
                 Psal.
                 87
                 4.
                 
              
               
                 I
                 will
                 make
                 mention
                 of
                 Rahab
                 ,
                 and
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 know
                 me
                 ;
                 behold
                 Philistia
                 ,
                 and
                 Tyre
                 ,
                 with
                 Ethiopia
                 :
                 this
                 man
                 was
                 born
                 there
                 .
                 
                   vers
                   6.
                
                 
                 The
                 LORD
                 shall
                 count
                 when
                 he
                 writeth
                 up
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 man
                 was
                 born
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 Prov.
                 17.6
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 glory
                 of
                 children
                 are
                 their
                 fathers
                 .
              
               
                 Philip.
                 4.8
                 .
              
               
                 Finally
                 ,
                 brethren
                 ,
                 whatsoever
                 things
                 are
                 true
                 ,
                 whatsoever
                 things
                 are
                 honest
                 ,
                 whatsoever
                 things
                 are
                 just
                 ,
                 whatsoever
                 things
                 are
                 pure
                 ,
                 whatsoever
                 things
                 are
                 lovely
                 ,
                 whatsoever
                 things
                 are
                 of
                 good
                 report
                 :
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 vertue
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 praise
                 ,
                 think
                 on
                 these
                 things
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Unto
               the
               Right
               Honorable
               ,
               SIR
               GEORGE
               SKENE
               of
               Fintray
               ,
               
                 Lord
                 Provest
              
               .
               
                 
                   ALEXR.
                   ALEXANDER
                   ,
                   Bailie
                   .
                
                 
                   WALTER
                   ROBERTSON
                   Bailie
                   .
                
                 
                   ALEXANDER
                   GORDON
                   ,
                   Bailie
                   .
                
                 
                   ANDREW
                   MITCHELL
                   ,
                   Bailie
                   .
                
                 
                   PATRICK
                   GELLIE
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild
                   ,
                
                 
                   JOHN
                   GORDON
                   Thesaurer
                   ,
                
              
               And
               to
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Honorable
               Councill
               of
               the
               City
               of
               ABERDEEN
               .
            
             
               
                 RIGHT
                 HONORABLE
                 ,
              
            
             
               It
               hath
               been
               the
               ●avourable
               Advantage
               and
               signall
               Providence
               that
               hath
               attended
               Aberdeen
               
               for
               many
               Ages
               ,
               that
               it
               hath
               had
               a
               honorable
               Character
               among
               the
               
                 Burghs
                 of
                 Scotland
              
               ,
               (
               which
               I
               wish
               may
               never
               declyne
               )
               the
               sense
               whereof
               made
               me
               recollect
               what
               I
               knew
               or
               had
               read
               concerning
               it
               ,
               at
               least
               since
               the
               fatall
               Overthrow
               thereof
               in
               the
               dayes
               of
               
                 King
                 David
                 Bruce
              
               about
               the
               year
               1330
               ,
               by
               the
               totall
               burning
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               the
               universall
               slaughter
               of
               those
               that
               did
               not
               escape
               .
               And
               finding
               that
               
                 Sir
                 Robert
                 Sibbald
                 ,
                 Dr.
                 of
                 Phisick
              
               the
               
                 Kings
                 Geographer
              
               ,
               by
               a
               warrant
               from
               Authority
               ;
               had
               emitted
               an
               Advertisement
               for
               a
               true
               information
               of
               the
               several
               
                 Shyres
                 ,
                 Burghs
                 ,
                 Universities
                 &c
                 ,
              
               of
               this
               Kingdom
               .
               I
               looked
               on
               it
               as
               a
               fit
               Opportunity
               to
               communicat
               what
               I
               knew
               unto
               
               ●ou
               ,
               that
               ye
               might
               dispose
               thereof
               ●s
               ye
               should
               see
               meet
               .
               I
               have
               there●ore
               set
               down
               a
               Survey
               of
               Aberdeen
               at
               some
               length
               ,
               that
               all
               may
               see
               ●nd
               perceive
               what
               a
               City
               it
               is
               ,
               and
               ●ath
               been
               ;
               not
               onely
               for
               conside●able
               Buildings
               ,
               but
               also
               as
               to
               the
               ●enown
               of
               its
               Inhabitants
               .
               If
               there
               ●e
               ought
               judged
               worthy
               of
               Praise
               ●r
               Remark
               ,
               ye
               may
               look
               upon
               that
               ●s
               an
               incitement
               for
               imitation
               ,
               and
               ●
               quickning
               motive
               for
               your
               Pos●erity
               to
               endeavour
               a
               studious
               Pro●ress
               in
               the
               commendable
               wayes
               of
               Vertue
               ;
               for
               here
               may
               be
               seen
               the
               ●minent
               Evidences
               of
               that
               Loyaltie
               which
               was
               conspicuous
               in
               your
               Ancestors
               :
               Also
               ,
               the
               Princely
               Rewards
               and
               Royall
               Marks
               our
               ●overaignes
               did
               bestow
               upon
               your
               
               City
               and
               Magistrats
               .
               Here
               also
               may
               be
               seen
               the
               assiduous
               care
               and
               diligence
               our
               Magistrats
               have
               at
               all
               occasions
               evidenced
               for
               advanceing
               Vertue
               ,
               and
               what
               might
               tend
               to
               the
               Honour
               and
               Reputation
               of
               the
               City
               .
            
             
               If
               Rome
               had
               matter
               to
               glory
               of
               her
               Heroes
               in
               severall
               Generations
               ,
               Aberdeen
               hath
               not
               wanted
               occasion
               to
               speak
               well
               of
               many
               of
               her
               Rulers
               in
               diverse
               Ages
               ?
               I
               love
               not
               to
               be
               guilty
               of
               giving
               the
               least
               appearance
               of
               evil
               ,
               or
               what
               may
               savour
               of
               flatterie
               or
               ostentation
               .
               One
               thing
               I
               aim
               at
               ,
               is
               ,
               that
               ye
               may
               out-vye
               all
               that
               have
               gone
               before
               you
               in
               Vertue
               ,
               Wisdom
               ,
               Fidelity
               ,
               and
               care
               of
               the
               Wellfare
               of
               your
               Common-Wealth
               .
               And
               in
               a
               word
               ,
               
               that
               I
               may
               say
               as
               the
               Wise-man
               said
               of
               the
               
                 Vertuous
                 Woman
                 ,
                 That
                 your
                 own
                 works
                 may
                 praise
                 you
                 in
                 the
                 gates
                 ,
              
               which
               is
               the
               earnest
               desire
               ,
               of
            
             
               
                 Right
                 Honorable
              
               
                 
                   A
                   cordiall
                   Well-wisher
                   to
                   the
                   prosperity
                   ,
                   true
                   Honour
                   and
                   Wellfare
                   of
                
                 ABERDEEN
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   all
                   its
                
                 Rulers
                 .
                 PHILOPOLITEIUS
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Epistle
               to
               the
               Reader
               .
            
             
               
                 COURTEOUS
                 READER
                 ,
              
            
             
               IT
               may
               be
               lookt
               upon
               by
               some
               ,
               that
               this
               
                 Survey
                 of
                 Aberdeen
              
               may
               savour
               of
               Ostentation
               ,
               seeing
               there
               are
               few
               ,
               or
               perhaps
               no
               other
               Town
               in
               the
               Kingdom
               that
               is
               descryved
               ,
               or
               hath
               any
               of
               their
               Acts
               published
               :
               To
               which
               I
               may
               say
               ,
               that
               such
               vanity
               in
               so
               doing
               far
               from
               my
               mind
               ,
               seeing
               there
               is
               nothing
               more
               ordinarie
               amongst
               all
               Nations
               ,
               then
               to
               set
               down
               what
               hath
               been
               the
               most
               remarkable
               
                 Providences
                 of
                 GOD
              
               to
               their
               Countries
               and
               Places
               of
               their
               Nativity
               ;
               whereby
               Posterity
               may
               observe
               the
               
                 Mercies
                 of
                 the
                 LORD
              
               to
               their
               Ancestors
               ;
               the
               neglect
               or
               ommission
               of
               such
               thankfull
               remembrances
               is
               threatened
               
                 Psal.
                 28.5
                 .
                 Because
                 they
                 regard
                 not
                 the
                 Works
                 of
                 the
                 LORD
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 operations
                 of
                 his
                 hands
                 ,
                 he
                 shall
                 destroy
                 them
                 and
                 not
                 build
                 them
                 up
                 .
              
               Amongst
               the
               many
               sins
               for
               which
               the
               LORD
               is
               pleading
               a
               controversie
               with
               this
               Nation
               ,
               this
               may
               have
               its
               own
               weight
               ,
               that
               we
               are
               not
               thankfull
               ,
               that
               the
               LORD
               did
               
               furnish
               us
               with
               well
               Qualified
               and
               Able
               Men
               to
               bear
               rule
               in
               Cities
               and
               Shyres
               ,
               which
               when
               they
               are
               removed
               without
               successors
               sutable
               to
               fill
               their
               roomes
               ,
               is
               no
               small
               stroak
               on
               a
               Nation
               ,
               according
               to
               
                 Isa.
                 3.1
                 2
                 ,
                 3.
                 
                 For
                 behold
                 ,
                 the
                 LORD
                 ,
                 the
                 LORD
                 of
                 Hosts
                 will
                 take
                 away
                 from
                 Jerusalem
                 ,
                 the
                 Mighty
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Man
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 the
                 Judge
                 and
                 the
                 Prophet
                 ,
                 the
                 Prudent
                 and
                 the
                 Ancient
                 ,
                 the
                 Captain
                 of
                 ●iftie
                 and
                 the
                 Honorable
                 Man
                 ,
                 the
                 Counsellor
                 and
                 the
                 cunning
                 Artificer
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Eloquent
                 Orator
                 .
              
               Wherefore
               ,
               I
               hope
               none
               will
               misconstruct
               me
               ●or
               making
               a
               respectful
               remembrance
               of
               these
               whom
               the
               LORD
               honoured
               and
               doth
               at
               this
               time
               honour
               ●
               be
               worthy
               Magistrats
               of
               our
               Town
               in
               their
               day
               and
               generation
               ,
               for
               it
               is
               said
               
                 Prov.
                 17.6
                 .
                 The
                 Glory
                 of
                 Children
                 are
                 their
                 Fathers
                 .
              
            
             
               Another
               Reason
               is
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               be
               ,
               these
               who
               are
               in
               Authority
               in
               the
               Nation
               over
               us
               ,
               nay
               be
               induced
               to
               have
               a
               respect
               to
               some
               Great
               Persons
               ,
               who
               in
               their
               place
               deserve
               to
               be
               honored
               with
               all
               that
               respect
               which
               is
               due
               ,
               yet
               not
               to
               the
               ●rejudice
               of
               the
               interest
               of
               Burghs
               :
               To
               obviat
               which
               judge
               it
               not
               amiss
               to
               shew
               forth
               what
               good
               sub●●cts
               ,
               and
               of
               what
               due
               esteem
               a
               Burgh
               or
               
               City
               ●ight
               to
               be
               had
               in
               ;
               that
               in
               times
               of
               greatest
               need
               ●ave
               been
               so
               usefull
               in
               their
               Soveraignes-Service
               ,
               ●●
               particularly
               Aberdeen
               hath
               been
               many
               times
               ,
               ●●
               History
               and
               Records
               can
               witness
               .
            
             
             
               It
               were
               to
               be
               wished
               ,
               that
               all
               the
               most
               considerable
               Burghs
               in
               this
               Kingdom
               ,
               would
               set
               apart
               some
               of
               their
               ablest
               Men
               to
               collect
               out
               of
               their
               ancient
               Records
               ,
               what
               hath
               been
               most
               remarkable
               in
               their
               Towns
               in
               former
               Ages
               ,
               or
               at
               present
               ;
               that
               the
               Nation
               might
               be
               convinced
               of
               their
               usefulness
               ,
               and
               of
               that
               respect
               and
               honour
               that
               ought
               to
               be
               put
               upon
               them
               ,
               so
               as
               it
               might
               be
               seen
               ,
               they
               ought
               not
               to
               be
               born
               down
               or
               discouraged
               when
               any
               weighty
               Concernment
               of
               theirs
               comes
               in
               question
               .
               Upon
               these
               accompts
               I
               have
               made
               this
               short
               Essay
               ,
               hoping
               at
               least
               it
               may
               be
               a
               motive
               ,
               to
               induce
               and
               stir
               up
               a
               more
               accurat
               Pen
               to
               be
               employed
               in
               this
               or
               the
               like
               ;
               not
               onely
               in
               reference
               to
               our
               City
               ,
               but
               also
               ,
               to
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               of
               the
               Nation
               ,
               who
               without
               vanity
               ,
               shall
               subscryve
               my self
               at
               present
               according
               to
               truth
            
             
               
                 PHILOPOLITEIUS
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               A
               succinct
               SURVEY
               Of
               the
               Famous
               CITY
               OF
               ABERDEEN
               .
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Situation
                 of
                 ABERDEEN
                 ,
                 Its
                 Longitude
                 and
                 Latitude
                 .
              
               
                 ABERDEEN
                 is
                 a
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 
                   North
                   of
                   Scotland
                
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 Dee
                 ,
                 within
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 MARR
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Shyre
                 thereof
                 .
                 It
                 lyeth
                 within
                 the
                 
                   North
                   Temperat
                   Zone
                
                 ,
                 though
                 much
                 inclyning
                 to
                 the
                 colder
                 side
                 thereof
                 ,
                 being
                 
                 much
                 nigher
                 to
                 the
                 Pole
                 then
                 to
                 the
                 Equinoctiall-Line
                 ;
                 for
                 its
                 Latitude
                 or
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 Equinoctiall-Line
                 ,
                 is
                 57
                 degrees
                 and
                 10
                 minuts
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 Pole
                 is
                 onely
                 32
                 degrees
                 and
                 50
                 minuts
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 s
                 Longitude
                 ,
                 or
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 Meridian
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Canarie
                   Islands
                
                 ,
                 is
                 22
                 degrees
                 and
                 30
                 minuts
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 Parallell
                 ,
                 or
                 equall
                 Latitude
                 and
                 climate
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Merchant-Isles
                   in
                   Nova-Britannia
                   in
                   America
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Southmost
                   cape
                   in
                   Norway
                
                 ,
                 called
                 the
                 
                   Noas
                   of
                   Norway
                   ,
                   Stockholme
                   in
                   Swedland
                   ,
                   Lavonia
                   ,
                
                 and
                 the
                 middle
                 parts
                 of
                 Russia
                 ,
                 and
                 territories
                 of
                 
                   Muscovia
                   in
                   Europe
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Cosacks
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 middle
                 
                   Countries
                   in
                   Tartary
                   ,
                   in
                   Asia
                   .
                
              
               
                 In
                 which
                 Parallell
                 ,
                 the
                 longest
                 day
                 is
                 of
                 length
                 in
                 Sun-shine
                 17
                 hours
                 ,
                 and
                 40
                 minuts
                 ;
                 being
                 within
                 the
                 tenth
                 Climate
                 ,
                 reckning
                 the
                 first
                 Climate
                 to
                 begin
                 where
                 the
                 longest
                 day
                 is
                 13
                 hours
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 Climat
                 to
                 be
                 that
                 space
                 in
                 Latitude
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 longest
                 day
                 is
                 half
                 an
                 hour
                 longer
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 the
                 length
                 of
                 the
                 shortest
                 day
                 at
                 Aberdeen
                 is
                 6
                 hours
                 ,
                 and
                 20
                 
                   minuts
                   ,
                   viz.
                
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 longest
                 day
                 wants
                 of
                 24
                 hours
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 the
                 first
                 day
                 of
                 the
                 moneth
                 May
                 to
                 the
                 twentytwo
                 day
                 of
                 July
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 constant
                 day
                 light
                 ,
                 the
                 Sky
                 all
                 that
                 time
                 never
                 fully
                 setting
                 even
                 at
                 midnight
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 twi-light
                 never
                 
                 goeth
                 fully
                 down
                 till
                 the
                 Sun
                 be
                 16
                 degrees
                 under
                 the
                 Horizon
                 :
                 whereas
                 all
                 that
                 time
                 at
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 low
                 at
                 midnight
                 ,
                 the
                 Suns
                 depression
                 below
                 the
                 Horizon
                 in
                 the
                 longest
                 day
                 ,
                 being
                 onely
                 9
                 degrees
                 20
                 minuts
                 at
                 midnight
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Meridian-hight
                 in
                 the
                 shortest
                 day
                 just
                 as
                 much
                 .
              
               
                 His
                 Meridian-Altitude
                 in
                 the
                 Equinoctial-Line
                 ,
                 is
                 here
                 32
                 degrees
                 ,
                 50
                 minuts
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greatest
                 hight
                 the
                 Sun
                 ever
                 comes
                 to
                 at
                 Aberdeen
                 in
                 the
                 longest
                 day
                 at
                 12
                 hours
                 ,
                 is
                 onely
                 56
                 degrees
                 and
                 20
                 minuts
                 ,
                 near
                 a
                 degree
                 less
                 then
                 the
                 hight
                 of
                 the
                 Pole
                 on
                 the
                 North-side
                 .
              
               
                 560
                 Myles
                 be-North
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 the
                 Frozen-Zone
                 begins
                 ,
                 where
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 longest
                 day
                 the
                 Sun
                 doth
                 not
                 set
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 nor
                 ryseth
                 in
                 the
                 shortest
                 :
                 The
                 Fixt-Stars
                 within
                 57
                 degrees
                 10
                 minuts
                 of
                 the
                 North-Pole
                 do
                 here
                 never
                 set
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 within
                 as
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 South
                 do
                 here
                 never
                 rise
                 nor
                 appear
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 lyeth
                 almost
                 directly
                 under
                 the
                 middlemost
                 Star
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 
                   Boar's
                   tail
                
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 the
                 Constellation
                 of
                 Cassiopeia
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 degree
                 of
                 Latitude
                 is
                 ,
                 as
                 over
                 all
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 
                   sixty
                   Scots
                   Miles
                
                 from
                 South
                 to
                 North
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 degree
                 of
                 Longitude
                 in
                 this
                 Parallell
                 ,
                 is
                 onely
                 32
                 Miles
                 ,
                 answering
                 to
                 a
                 degree
                 of
                 Latitude
                 ,
                 by
                 ●eason
                 the
                 Circles
                 of
                 Longitude
                 grow
                 allwayes
                 ●esser
                 the
                 nearer
                 to
                 the
                 Pole.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 flowes
                 at
                 
                   Aberdeen
                   South
                   and
                   by
                   West
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                   North
                   and
                   by
                   East
                
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 is
                 Full-Sea
                 at
                 the
                 Change
                 and
                 Full-Moon
                 at
                 12
                 hours
                 and
                 45
                 minuts
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sun
                 at
                 his
                 greatest
                 hight
                 wants
                 33
                 degrees
                 40
                 minuts
                 from
                 being
                 Verticall
                 at
                 Aberdeen
                 .
                 This
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 Longitude
                 and
                 Latitude
                 and
                 the
                 Appendixes
                 thereof
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Description
                 of
                 ABERDEEN
                 .
              
               
                 ABERDEEN
                 is
                 pleasantly
                 seated
                 upon
                 three
                 Hills
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 all
                 joyned
                 together
                 by
                 easie
                 descents
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Streets
                 they
                 are
                 scarcely
                 discernable
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 of
                 Circuit
                 about
                 2141
                 double
                 spaces
                 ,
                 through
                 which
                 six
                 Gates
                 enter
                 ,
                 being
                 built
                 as
                 it
                 presently
                 stands
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 difficult
                 to
                 be
                 fortified
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 ordinary
                 and
                 regular
                 way
                 of
                 
                 fortifications
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 hath
                 been
                 diverse
                 times
                 attempted
                 in
                 this
                 our
                 Age
                 since
                 the
                 late
                 Troubles
                 began
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 Troubles
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 set
                 forth
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 men
                 in
                 good
                 array
                 and
                 Military
                 Furniture
                 to
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 well
                 trained
                 for
                 service
                 when
                 called
                 thereto
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 being
                 seated
                 between
                 the
                 Rivers
                 of
                 Dee
                 and
                 Don
                 ,
                 is
                 said
                 by
                 
                   George
                   Buchannan
                
                 ,
                 our
                 Scots-Historiographer
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 
                   piscatu
                   Salmonum
                   nobilis
                
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   Excellent
                   ,
                   or
                   Famous
                   for
                   Salmond-Fishing
                   .
                
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Accommodations
                 and
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 our
                 City
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 an
                 indifferent
                 good
                 entrie
                 to
                 our
                 Harbour
                 for
                 Ships
                 ,
                 especially
                 since
                 that
                 great
                 Ston
                 called
                 
                   Craig
                   Metellan
                
                 was
                 raised
                 up
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 Dee
                 ,
                 and
                 transported
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Current
                 thereof
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 now
                 ,
                 Ships
                 can
                 incurr
                 no
                 damnage
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 done
                 by
                 the
                 renowned
                 Art
                 and
                 Industrie
                 of
                 that
                 Ingenious
                 and
                 Vertuous
                 Citizen
                 ,
                 
                   David
                   Anderson
                
                 :
                 As
                 also
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 considerable
                 Bulwark
                 ,
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 of
                 late
                 years
                 caused
                 erect
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 South-side
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ;
                 extending
                 up
                 the
                 Shoar
                 such
                 a
                 great
                 length
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 very
                 great
                 Ships
                 may
                 enter
                 and
                 be
                 safely
                 preserved
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 ,
                 without
                 hazard
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 impropper
                 here
                 to
                 insert
                 this
                 following
                 Information
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 Seamen
                 or
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 who
                 may
                 have
                 occasion
                 to
                 
                 come
                 by
                 Sea
                 to
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 which
                 skillfull
                 Mariners
                 have
                 observed
                 and
                 been
                 at
                 pains
                 to
                 sett
                 about
                 at
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 desire
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 as
                 followeth
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Ship
                 coming
                 from
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 bound
                 for
                 the
                 Road
                 and
                 Harbour
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 a
                 mile
                 to
                 the
                 Southward
                 of
                 the
                 Road
                 ,
                 ye
                 will
                 see
                 a
                 Bay
                 with
                 a
                 
                   Countrey
                   Church
                
                 standing
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 thereof
                 ,
                 called
                 the
                 
                   Kirk
                   of
                   Nigg
                
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 North-ward
                 lyeth
                 the
                 Girdle-ness
                 (
                 or
                 Aberdeen-ness
                 ,
                 )
                 which
                 when
                 ye
                 come
                 by
                 ,
                 come
                 no
                 nearer
                 the
                 same
                 then
                 a
                 long
                 Cable
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 ye
                 come
                 by
                 it
                 ,
                 ye
                 will
                 see
                 two
                 sharp
                 spire
                 Steeples
                 ,
                 which
                 Steeples
                 ye
                 must
                 run
                 to
                 the
                 North-ward
                 untill
                 ye
                 open
                 the
                 
                   West-most
                   Steeple
                
                 a
                 sailesbreadth
                 to
                 the
                 North-ward
                 of
                 the
                 East-most
                 ,
                 there
                 ye
                 may
                 Anchor
                 on
                 nine
                 or
                 
                   ten
                   fathom
                   water
                
                 ,
                 where
                 ye
                 may
                 ride
                 with
                 
                   Southerly
                   ,
                   Northerly
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Westerly
                   Winds
                
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 entrie
                 thereof
                 is
                 a
                 Barr
                 ,
                 whereon
                 at
                 low
                 water
                 there
                 is
                 scarce
                 on
                 it
                 two
                 foot
                 water
                 :
                 on
                 the
                 South-side
                 of
                 the
                 Barr
                 there
                 stands
                 a
                 Beackon
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 the
                 incoming
                 ye
                 must
                 leave
                 on
                 your
                 Larboard-side
                 a
                 Ships
                 breadth
                 free
                 thereof
                 ,
                 where
                 commonly
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 the
                 Channell
                 doth
                 run
                 .
                 From
                 the
                 Beackon
                 to
                 the
                 East-ward
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 Girdleness
                 is
                 all
                 Rocks
                 .
                 At
                 Spring-tydes
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 thereon
                 about
                 15
                 foot
                 water
                 ;
                 at
                 Neep-tydes
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 about
                 nine
                 or
                 ten
                 foot
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 advise
                 a
                 Stranger
                 to
                 seek
                 that
                 
                 Harbour
                 without
                 a
                 Pilot
                 ;
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 Pilots
                 fair
                 way
                 :
                 and
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 ye
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Road
                 ,
                 ye
                 can
                 allwayes
                 have
                 a
                 Boat
                 for
                 putting
                 out
                 a
                 Vaiffe
                 at
                 all
                 occasions
                 ,
                 for
                 Piloting
                 you
                 into
                 the
                 Harbour
                 .
                 The
                 nearest
                 rake
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Harbour
                 is
                 North-East
                 and
                 South-West
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 ye
                 are
                 within
                 the
                 said
                 Harbour
                 ye
                 lye
                 land
                 locked
                 for
                 all
                 winds
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 low
                 water
                 ,
                 your
                 Ships
                 lye
                 dry
                 on
                 very
                 good
                 ground
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 ye
                 be
                 bound
                 for
                 the
                 Harbour
                 coming
                 from
                 the
                 North-ward
                 ye
                 may
                 borrow
                 into
                 the
                 Land
                 or
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 four
                 or
                 five
                 fathom
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Westerly-Winds
                 into
                 three
                 fathom
                 .
                 The
                 flowings
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Harbour
                 within
                 ,
                 are
                 South
                 and
                 be
                 West
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 road
                 South-South-West
                 .
              
               
                 ABERDEEN
                 hath
                 ever
                 had
                 since
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Poperie
                 a
                 great
                 and
                 fair
                 Fabrick
                 ,
                 containing
                 two
                 great
                 and
                 spacious
                 Churches
                 for
                 Publick
                 Worship
                 ;
                 the
                 Greatest
                 towards
                 the
                 West
                 is
                 called
                 the
                 Old-Church
                 ,
                 the
                 lesser
                 towards
                 the
                 East
                 is
                 called
                 the
                 New-Church
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 stately
                 Spire
                 or
                 Steeple
                 ,
                 the
                 Churches
                 and
                 Steeple
                 are
                 covered
                 beautifully
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 and
                 within
                 plenished
                 neatly
                 with
                 good
                 Dasks
                 and
                 Galries
                 of
                 excellent
                 Workmanship
                 of
                 Wainscot
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 and
                 large
                 Lights
                 and
                 Windowes
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Steeple
                 are
                 three
                 great
                 and
                 harmonious
                 Bells
                 ,
                 in
                 sound
                 each
                 descending
                 below
                 another
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 one
                 Musicall
                 Note
                 as
                 upon
                 a
                 Bimull-Clieff
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 three
                 Bells
                 strick
                 24
                 stroaks
                 at
                 every
                 
                 half
                 hour
                 in
                 a
                 sweet
                 and
                 pleasant
                 Concord
                 ,
                 the
                 great
                 Clock
                 having
                 four
                 fair
                 Horologes
                 with
                 conspicuous
                 Figures
                 clearly
                 guilded
                 ,
                 one
                 to
                 every
                 
                   Airth
                   ,
                   viz.
                   South
                   ,
                   North
                   ,
                   East
                
                 and
                 West
                 ,
                 for
                 use
                 to
                 every
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 Suburbs
                 .
                 These
                 Bells
                 being
                 rung
                 for
                 conveening
                 to
                 Publick
                 Worship
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 Sabbath
                 Dayes
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 one
                 Bell
                 rung
                 first
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 second
                 two
                 Bells
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 third
                 three
                 Bells
                 ,
                 which
                 make
                 a
                 grave
                 and
                 melodious
                 Melodie
                 .
              
               
                 Also
                 there
                 is
                 another
                 Fabrick
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 large
                 length
                 called
                 the
                 Gray-Friars-Church
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 Spire
                 or
                 Steeple
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Bell
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 alwayes
                 rung
                 for
                 conveening
                 to
                 all
                 publick
                 Lessons
                 in
                 the
                 Colledge
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 publick
                 Clock
                 .
              
               
                 Also
                 ,
                 another
                 Fabrick
                 called
                 the
                 Trinity-Church
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 Steeple
                 lately
                 repaired
                 by
                 the
                 Trades
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 Chappell
                 at
                 the
                 Castle-hill
                 called
                 
                   St.
                   Ninians
                
                 ,
                 it
                 had
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 employed
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Comissar
                   Court
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 common
                 Use
                 of
                 the
                 Cities-Effairs
                 ,
                 but
                 now
                 the
                 Bishop
                 hath
                 taken
                 back
                 that
                 Court
                 to
                 the
                 Old-Town
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 his
                 Priviledge
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 smaller
                 Fabrick
                 builded
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 for
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Village
                 of
                 Futtie
                 ,
                 appointed
                 for
                 Catechiseing
                 that
                 People
                 which
                 since
                 hath
                 had
                 a
                 Minister
                 to
                 preach
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 as
                 a
                 distinct
                 Parish
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 
                 Citizens
                 and
                 that
                 People
                 being
                 under
                 one
                 Session
                 or
                 Consistoriall
                 for
                 Discipline
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 Towns-house
                 in
                 the
                 Mercat-place
                 called
                 the
                 TOLL-BOOTH
                 ,
                 which
                 hath
                 a
                 fair
                 and
                 
                   spacious
                   Rowm
                
                 for
                 the
                 Courts
                 of
                 Judicature
                 to
                 sit
                 in
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 Head-Courts
                 of
                 the
                 Shyre
                 and
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Sheriff
                 and
                 
                   Bailie
                   Courts
                
                 :
                 above
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 MAGAZINE
                 or
                 Store-house
                 )
                 for
                 
                   Warlike
                   Ammunition
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 It
                 hath
                 also
                 another
                 
                   large
                   stately
                   Rowm
                
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Town-Councill
                 conveen
                 ,
                 under
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 low
                 Councill-house
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 and
                 his
                 Assessors
                 meet
                 ,
                 for
                 effairs
                 peculiar
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Brethren
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 :
                 as
                 also
                 ,
                 the
                 Commissioners
                 of
                 the
                 Shyre
                 ,
                 for
                 Cess
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 
                   common
                   concernments
                
                 :
                 together
                 with
                 an
                 other
                 Rowm
                 called
                 the
                 Clerks-Chamber
                 ,
                 which
                 hath
                 accommodations
                 for
                 Clerks
                 and
                 Writters
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 
                   East
                   end
                
                 thereof
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 high-Tower
                 with
                 two
                 Battlements
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 ●s
                 erected
                 a
                 high
                 and
                 
                   stately
                   Spire
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Steeple
                 ,
                 ●overed
                 with
                 lead
                 ,
                 under
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 Clock
                 and
                 Bell
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 the
                 samen
                 are
                 severall
                 Rowms
                 for
                 Prisoners
                 both
                 high
                 and
                 low
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 large
                 and
                 high
                 House
                 ,
                 called
                 ●he
                 Pack-house
                 and
                 Weigh-house
                 ,
                 wherein
                 are
                 a
                 ●reat
                 many
                 Rowms
                 for
                 Merchant-Wares
                 of
                 all
                 ●orts
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 the
                 Shoar
                 being
                 (
                 as
                 ●
                 said
                 )
                 of
                 late
                 years
                 greatly
                 enlarged
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 ●
                 a
                 pleasant
                 considerable
                 walk
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 furthest
                 end
                 thereof
                 ,
                 which
                 leads
                 to
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 and
                 towards
                 the
                 
                 Harbour-mouth
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Mercat-place
                 is
                 larger
                 then
                 in
                 any
                 Town
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 being
                 an
                 hundreth
                 twenty
                 and
                 four
                 double
                 space
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 a
                 third
                 part
                 thereof
                 in
                 breadth
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 narrowest
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 two
                 Regiments
                 of
                 foot
                 Souldiers
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 rank
                 and
                 fyle
                 ,
                 tho
                 in
                 open
                 order
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 stateliest
                 Bridges
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 Dee
                 ,
                 of
                 seven
                 Arches
                 of
                 a
                 like
                 and
                 equall
                 largeness
                 ,
                 within
                 two
                 short
                 myles
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 And
                 there
                 is
                 another
                 be-North
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 of
                 an
                 high
                 and
                 great
                 Arch
                 over
                 the
                 
                   River
                   Don
                
                 ,
                 both
                 which
                 are
                 mantained
                 by
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 upon
                 propper
                 Rents
                 mortified
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 use
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Philosophie-Colledge
                 the
                 houses
                 whereof
                 were
                 purchased
                 by
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 in
                 consideration
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   George
                   Earle
                   Marischall
                   ,
                   Grandfather
                
                 to
                 this
                 present
                 Earle
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 zeal
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 respect
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 ABERDEEN
                 ,
                 did
                 mortifie
                 publick
                 Rents
                 for
                 the
                 Principall
                 and
                 four
                 Regents
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Colledge
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 is
                 called
                 the
                 
                   Marischall
                   Colledge
                
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 up
                 an
                 half
                 of
                 the
                 Carolin-University
                 for
                 it
                 hath
                 a
                 Principall
                 and
                 four
                 
                   Regents
                   o●
                   Teaching-Masters
                
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 hath
                 a
                 publick
                 Professor
                 of
                 School-Divinity
                 ,
                 who
                 teacheth
                 a
                 publick
                 Lesson
                 two
                 dayes
                 every
                 Week
                 during
                 the
                 
                 sitting
                 of
                 the
                 Colledge
                 :
                 Also
                 a
                 Professor
                 of
                 Mathematicks
                 ,
                 who
                 upon
                 other
                 two
                 dayes
                 every
                 week
                 teacheth
                 two
                 Lessons
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 Lessons
                 of
                 Arithmetick
                 and
                 Geometrie
                 taught
                 by
                 ●ther
                 Masters
                 thereunto
                 appointed
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 Renowned
                 Famous
                 and
                 Learned
                 Physician
                 DR
                 .
                 DUNCAN
                 LIDDELL
                 who
                 mortified
                 a
                 con●●derable
                 Rent
                 to
                 the
                 Professor
                 of
                 Mathematicks
                 ,
                 and
                 six
                 Mathematicall
                 and
                 
                   Philosophicall
                   Bursers
                
                 or
                 six
                 years
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 many
                 summs
                 of
                 mo●ey
                 mortified
                 to
                 the
                 said
                 Colledge
                 since
                 the
                 e●ection
                 thereof
                 ,
                 (
                 whereto
                 the
                 Town-Councill
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 are
                 mostly
                 Patrons
                 )
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 appears
                 ,
                 ●here
                 hath
                 been
                 more
                 Charity
                 extended
                 within
                 ●hir
                 hundred
                 and
                 twenty
                 years
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 Re●ormation
                 of
                 Religion
                 from
                 
                   Popish
                   Idolatry
                
                 and
                 Superstition
                 ,
                 then
                 hath
                 been
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Ages
                 be●re
                 ,
                 which
                 our
                 
                   Towns
                   Counts
                
                 of
                 
                   Mortified
                   Mo●ies
                
                 ,
                 for
                 
                   Schools
                   ,
                   Colledge
                   ,
                   Hospitalls
                   ,
                   Gild-Box
                   Common
                   Poor
                   &c.
                
                 can
                 evidence
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Colledge
                 hath
                 a
                 copious
                 Library
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 at
                 first
                 plenished
                 by
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 who
                 ●ook
                 all
                 their
                 books
                 they
                 had
                 laid
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 ●pper
                 rowm
                 above
                 their
                 Session-house
                 ,
                 and
                 trans●itted
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Library
                 in
                 the
                 Col●dge
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 uses
                 of
                 all
                 concerned
                 :
                 and
                 
                   Dr.
                   Reid
                   Secretary
                
                 in
                 the
                 Latine-Tongue
                 to
                 
                   King
                   Charles
                
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 left
                 a
                 Sallary
                 to
                 the
                 keeper
                 ●f
                 the
                 said
                 Library
                 .
                 which
                 Library
                 hath
                 been
                 ●ugmented
                 in
                 its
                 books
                 by
                 severall
                 Mortifiers
                 ,
                 ●
                 by
                 the
                 said
                 
                   Dr.
                   Reid
                
                 ,
                 the
                 forementioned
                 
                 
                   Dr.
                   Liddell
                
                 ,
                 who
                 mortified
                 about
                 2000
                 Merks
                 worth
                 of
                 Books
                 ,
                 and
                 20
                 Merks
                 yearly
                 to
                 buy
                 
                   Mathematicall
                   Books
                
                 and
                 Instruments
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Dr.
                   William
                   Johnstoun
                   Phisician
                
                 and
                 Professor
                 of
                 the
                 Mathematicks
                 here
                 :
                 and
                 by
                 
                   Dr.
                   Patrick
                   Dun
                
                 a
                 learned
                 Physician
                 ,
                 and
                 Principall
                 of
                 this
                 Colledge
                 .
              
               
                 Also
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Grammar-School
                 ,
                 which
                 hath
                 a
                 chief
                 Master
                 ,
                 and
                 three
                 teaching
                 Masters
                 under
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 the
                 said
                 
                   Dr.
                   Dun
                
                 mortified
                 1200
                 Merks
                 of
                 yearly
                 Rent
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 City
                 is
                 disburdened
                 of
                 what
                 they
                 payed
                 yearly
                 to
                 the
                 former
                 Masters
                 thereof
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 have
                 a
                 School
                 for
                 Musick
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 taught
                 of
                 old
                 by
                 very
                 eminent
                 Musicians
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 wants
                 no
                 opportunities
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 for
                 Youth
                 both
                 Male
                 and
                 Female
                 to
                 learn
                 any
                 manner
                 of
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 commendable
                 skill
                 or
                 knowledge
                 in
                 such
                 things
                 as
                 may
                 best
                 qualifie
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 four
                 Hospitalls
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 one
                 for
                 decayed
                 
                   Brethren
                   of
                   Gild.
                
                 A
                 second
                 for
                 indigent
                 Widowes
                 and
                 Virgins
                 of
                 
                   Brethren
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 ,
                 lately
                 purchased
                 by
                 a
                 sum
                 of
                 money
                 ,
                 mortified
                 by
                 
                   Dame
                   Marion
                   Dowglas
                
                 daughter
                 to
                 the
                 somet●me
                 
                   Earle
                   of
                   Buchan
                
                 ,
                 and
                 late
                 Lady-Drum
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Honour
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Citizens
                 conferred
                 on
                 her
                 deceased
                 Husband
                 at
                 his
                 buriall
                 in
                 Aberdeen
                 1632.
                 
                 The
                 rents
                 whereof
                 were
                 augmented
                 by
                 a
                 considerable
                 summ
                 ,
                 mortified
                 to
                 this
                 Hospitall
                 by
                 
                   James
                   Milne
                   Elder
                
                 ,
                 Merchant
                 ,
                 who
                 also
                 mortified
                 100
                 Pounds
                 yearly
                 to
                 two
                 
                 
                   Philosophicall
                   Bursers
                
                 in
                 this
                 Colledge
                 ,
                 with
                 500
                 Merks
                 to
                 this
                 Kirk-session
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 third
                 Hospitall
                 for
                 Trades-men
                 ,
                 founded
                 and
                 built
                 by
                 the
                 deceast
                 
                   Dr.
                   William
                   Guild
                
                 ,
                 sometime
                 Preacher
                 in
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 and
                 lately
                 Principall
                 of
                 the
                 KINGS
                 -
                 Colledge
                 in
                 the
                 Old-Town
                 .
                 This
                 Hospitall
                 hath
                 a
                 spacious
                 comely
                 Rowm
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Deacon
                 or
                 Conveener-Courts
                 meet
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 fourth
                 Hospitall
                 for
                 Litsters
                 ,
                 the
                 Rent
                 whereof
                 was
                 mortified
                 by
                 
                   Archbald
                   Beans
                   ,
                   Litster
                
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 builded
                 a
                 goodly
                 House
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 stately
                 entry
                 .
                 The
                 use
                 of
                 this
                 Rent
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 decayed
                 Litsters
                 ,
                 their
                 Wives
                 Children
                 and
                 Servants
                 ,
                 severall
                 of
                 whose
                 Daughters
                 have
                 been
                 provyded
                 with
                 sutable
                 portions
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Rent
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 honestly
                 married
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 eight
                 Mills
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 lands
                 thereunto
                 pertaining
                 ,
                 whereof
                 a
                 new
                 Wind-Mill
                 is
                 builded
                 of
                 stone
                 and
                 lyme
                 at
                 the
                 South-entrie
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 of
                 excellent
                 use
                 if
                 carefully
                 keeped
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 two
                 Water-Mills
                 within
                 the
                 suburbs
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 five
                 near
                 by
                 in
                 the
                 adjacent
                 territories
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 have
                 a
                 choise
                 Medicinall
                 Spring
                 ,
                 called
                 the
                 
                   Well
                   of
                   Spa
                
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Wool-man-hill
                 ,
                 built
                 with
                 hewen-ston
                 ,
                 very
                 specifick
                 for
                 
                   Gout
                   ,
                   Gravell
                   ,
                   Collick
                
                 and
                 Hydropsie
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 late
                 Famous
                 
                   Dr.
                   William
                   Barclay
                   ,
                   Physician
                
                 ,
                 did
                 learnedly
                 
                 describe
                 1615
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 now
                 re-printed
                 when
                 the
                 Well
                 was
                 re-built
                 1670
                 ,
                 the
                 copies
                 whereof
                 the
                 
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 hath
                 in
                 his
                 custody
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 every
                 person
                 concerned
                 to
                 know
                 its
                 Vertues
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 to
                 use
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 is
                 referred
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 ABERDEEN
                 .
              
               
                 AS
                 for
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 ABERDEEN
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 certain
                 that
                 Ptolomie
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 Ancient
                 Geographer
                 ,
                 who
                 lived
                 about
                 1500
                 years
                 since
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 dayes
                 of
                 
                   Antonius
                   Pius
                
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Geographicall-Tables
                 ,
                 making
                 a
                 description
                 of
                 the
                 Isles
                 of
                 Brittain
                 ,
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 Albion
                 and
                 Ireland
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 little
                 adjacent
                 Isles
                 he
                 calls
                 this
                 
                   City
                   Devana
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 River
                 adjacent
                 thereto
                 Diva
                 :
                 whom
                 Camdenus
                 the
                 
                   English
                   Historiographer
                
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Britannia
                 cites
                 ,
                 for
                 proving
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 
                 whose
                 words
                 are
                 these
                 .
                 
                   Devana
                   Urbs
                   per-antiqua
                   a
                   Ptolemeo
                   ,
                   nunc
                   vero
                   Aberdonia
                   ,
                   id
                   est
                   ,
                   Devae
                   ostium
                   Britannica
                   dictione
                   ab
                   ipsis
                   Scotis
                   appellatur
                
                 So
                 that
                 for
                 Antiquity
                 this
                 CITY
                 may
                 be
                 reckned
                 amongst
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 of
                 this
                 ISLE
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 City
                 was
                 Erected
                 into
                 a
                 Burgh-Royall
                 by
                 Gregorius
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 his
                 Justice
                 ,
                 Temperance
                 and
                 Fortitude
                 ,
                 was
                 surnamed
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 73.
                 
                 King
                 of
                 Scotland
                 ;
                 whose
                 Honorable
                 Acts
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 
                   Scotland
                   ,
                   England
                
                 and
                 Ireland
                 are
                 at
                 length
                 set
                 down
                 in
                 
                   Hector
                   Boyes
                   History
                
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Buchannans
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 after
                 the
                 birth
                 of
                 CHRIST
                 893
                 years
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 since
                 Bon-accord
                 was
                 erected
                 in
                 a
                 Burgh-Royall
                 it
                 is
                 seven
                 hundreth
                 fourscore
                 twelve
                 years
                 ,
                 this
                 year
                 being
                 the
                 year
                 1685.
                 
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 decease
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 
                   King
                   Gregory
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Erection
                 and
                 Infeftments
                 given
                 by
                 him
                 to
                 this
                 City
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 iniquity
                 of
                 the
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 incursions
                 )
                 were
                 lost
                 :
                 for
                 
                   Edward
                   the
                   first
                   King
                   of
                   England
                   ,
                
                 called
                 Langshanks
                 ,
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 work
                 to
                 burn
                 and
                 destroy
                 all
                 the
                 old
                 Evidents
                 and
                 Monuments
                 within
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 where
                 ever
                 he
                 came
                 ,
                 or
                 his
                 Power
                 could
                 reach
                 .
              
               
                 Moreover
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 
                   King
                   David
                   Bruce
                
                 ,
                 the
                 City
                 being
                 surprysed
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Englishes
                 ,
                 sent
                 by
                 Edward
                 the
                 third
                 of
                 England
                 :
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 Men
                 ,
                 Wives
                 
                 and
                 Children
                 were
                 all
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 sword
                 and
                 killed
                 ;
                 the
                 City
                 burnt
                 for
                 six
                 dayes
                 together
                 ,
                 as
                 Spotswood
                 and
                 
                   Boyes
                   Histories
                
                 declare
                 ,
                 all
                 our
                 Registers
                 and
                 
                   Old
                   Evidents
                
                 were
                 destroyed
                 about
                 the
                 year
                 1330
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Citizens
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 had
                 killed
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 that
                 keeped
                 Garison
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 ;
                 who
                 had
                 sorely
                 opprest
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 taken
                 it
                 and
                 rased
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 being
                 then
                 re-built
                 upon
                 the
                 Hills
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 now
                 seated
                 (
                 having
                 formerly
                 ,
                 been
                 cituated
                 from
                 the
                 Green
                 ,
                 and
                 Eastward
                 under
                 the
                 Hills
                 except
                 the
                 Castle-gate
                 ,
                 )
                 hence
                 it
                 is
                 called
                 the
                 
                   New-Town
                   of
                   Aberdeen
                
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 with
                 relation
                 to
                 that
                 
                   Burgh
                   of
                   Barronie
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 now
                 the
                 
                   Bishops
                   seat
                
                 ,
                 since
                 is
                 was
                 translated
                 from
                 Mortlick
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 
                   King
                   David
                   ,
                   anno
                
                 1137
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 
                   Spotswood
                   pag.
                
                 101.
                 when
                 Nectanus
                 was
                 Bishop
                 ,
                 the
                 foundation
                 of
                 which
                 Bishoprick
                 was
                 by
                 
                   King
                   Malcome
                   the
                   second
                   Anno
                
                 1010
                 at
                 Mortlick
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   King
                   James
                   the
                   fourth
                
                 his
                 time
                 ;
                 
                   Bishop
                   William
                   Elphinston
                
                 builded
                 the
                 KINGS
                 -
                 Colledge
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Old
                   Town
                
                 ;
                 that
                 Town
                 being
                 seated
                 near
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 Don
                 ,
                 about
                 a
                 1000
                 space
                 from
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 is
                 commonly
                 called
                 the
                 
                   Old
                   Town
                   of
                   Aberdeen
                   ,
                   not
                   ,
                
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 of
                 greater
                 Antiquity
                 then
                 the
                 Burgh-Royall
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 for
                 I
                 was
                 informed
                 by
                 a
                 very
                 intelligent
                 Gentleman
                 near
                 that
                 place
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 some
                 old
                 Evidents
                 designing
                 it
                 the
                 
                   Old
                   Town
                
                 of
                 SEATOUN
                 after
                 the
                 Lands
                 thereto
                 adjoyning
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 the
                 Bishop
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 hath
                 had
                 his
                 residence
                 there
                 ,
                 ever
                 since
                 his
                 Seat
                 was
                 translated
                 from
                 Mortlick
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Magnificent
                 Structure
                 of
                 a
                 Cathedrall
                 builded
                 thereafter
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 a
                 stately
                 Colledge
                 ;
                 custome
                 and
                 i●norance
                 calls
                 it
                 the
                 Old-Town
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 it
                 having
                 been
                 Erected
                 in
                 a
                 
                   Burgh
                   of
                   Barrony
                
                 in
                 favours
                 of
                 the
                 Bishop
                 of
                 the
                 Diocess
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 reported
                 that
                 some
                 call
                 Aberdeen
                 only
                 Urbs
                 ,
                 a
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Old-Town
                 where
                 the
                 
                   Bishop's
                   Seat
                
                 is
                 ,
                 Civitas
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 take
                 that
                 distinction
                 betwixt
                 a
                 Town
                 and
                 a
                 City
                 ;
                 as
                 it
                 relates
                 to
                 a
                 Bishop's-Seat
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 spurious
                 product
                 of
                 a
                 Popish-Institution
                 ;
                 because
                 many
                 Towns
                 were
                 called
                 Cities
                 before
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Bishop
                 in
                 the
                 world
                 .
                 A
                 Town
                 propperly
                 re●ates
                 to
                 the
                 Buildings
                 and
                 Houses
                 ;
                 a
                 City
                 denotes
                 the
                 Citizens
                 and
                 Free-men
                 that
                 are
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 :
                 But
                 for
                 this
                 let
                 these
                 that
                 would
                 ●ppropriat
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 a
                 City
                 to
                 a
                 Bishop-Seat
                 ,
                 ●ead
                 the
                 
                   Bishop
                   of
                   Cajetan
                   de
                   Institutione
                   Reipub.
                   ●●b
                   .
                
                 1.
                 
                 Tit.
                 3.
                 
                   sub
                   fine
                
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 will
                 show
                 what
                 〈◊〉
                 City
                 is
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 ABERDEEN
                 .
              
               
                 WE
                 have
                 matter
                 to
                 bless
                 GOD
                 for
                 the
                 equall
                 and
                 just
                 constitution
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 our
                 Ctiy
                 and
                 particular
                 Common-Wealth
                 ,
                 granted
                 to
                 us
                 by
                 our
                 KINGS
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 unto
                 us
                 by
                 our
                 Worthy
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 thus
                 .
              
               
                 Our
                 Town-Councill
                 is
                 chosen
                 yearly
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Citizens
                 and
                 Burgesses
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 Roll
                 of
                 our
                 whole
                 
                   Brethren
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 being
                 first
                 read
                 at
                 every
                 Election
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 ,
                 which
                 holds
                 upon
                 the
                 Wednesday
                 before
                 Michaelmess-day
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 a
                 large
                 Catalogue
                 drawn
                 up
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 
                   Brethren
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 amongst
                 us
                 ,
                 every
                 Person
                 (
                 whom
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Old-Councill
                 desires
                 to
                 be
                 lifted
                 among
                 these
                 out
                 of
                 whom
                 the
                 New-Councill
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 )
                 is
                 presently
                 set
                 down
                 in
                 that
                 new
                 list
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 list
                 is
                 compleated
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 reading
                 over
                 the
                 whole
                 
                 
                   Brethren
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 indefinit
                 number
                 set
                 down
                 upon
                 a
                 large
                 sheet
                 of
                 Paper
                 ,
                 with
                 lines
                 drawen
                 after
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 names
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 
                   Provest
                   ,
                   Bailies
                
                 ,
                 and
                 whole
                 Old-Councill
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 may
                 make
                 choise
                 of
                 thirteen
                 
                   Brethren
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 to
                 be
                 named
                 for
                 the
                 New-Councill
                 for
                 the
                 year
                 to
                 come
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 Votes
                 or
                 Marks
                 make
                 up
                 the
                 number
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 ,
                 they
                 of
                 the
                 Old-Councill
                 choose
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 number
                 four
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 called
                 the
                 Old-four
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 added
                 to
                 the
                 former
                 thirteen
                 ,
                 make
                 up
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 seventeen
                 
                   Brethren
                   of
                   Gild.
                
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 having
                 got
                 the
                 Roll
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 present
                 Deacons
                 of
                 Trades
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 two
                 of
                 these
                 Deacons
                 chosen
                 which
                 make
                 up
                 the
                 compleit
                 number
                 of
                 ninteen
                 for
                 the
                 Councill
                 the
                 year
                 ensuing
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 new
                 chosen
                 Counsellors
                 being
                 all
                 sent
                 for
                 ,
                 and
                 come
                 in
                 the
                 afternoon
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Old
                 and
                 New-Council
                 with
                 the
                 six
                 Deacons
                 of
                 Trades
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 four
                 Deacons
                 of
                 the
                 Old
                 and
                 
                   New
                   Councill
                
                 ,
                 which
                 make
                 up
                 ten
                 Deacons
                 of
                 Trades
                 and
                 thirty
                 
                   Brethren
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 ,
                 making
                 up
                 in
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 40
                 Votes
                 ,
                 they
                 altogether
                 choose
                 first
                 the
                 Provest
                 :
                 then
                 four
                 Bailies
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Dean
                   of
                   Gild
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Thesaurer
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Master
                   of
                   the
                   Kirk-work
                
                 and
                 
                   Bridge
                   work
                
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Master
                   of
                   the
                   Mortified
                   Moneys
                
                 a
                 
                   Master
                   of
                   the
                   Gild
                   Hospital
                
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Master
                   of
                   the
                   Shoar
                
                 ,
                 called
                 
                   Master
                   of
                   the
                   Impost
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 six
                 single
                 Counsellors
                 who
                 bear
                 no
                 Office
                 ,
                 but
                 sit
                 and
                 Vote
                 in
                 all
                 Effairs
                 that
                 come
                 before
                 the
                 Councill
                 with
                 the
                 two
                 new
                 
                   Deacons
                   of
                   Trades
                
                 .
                 If
                 in
                 this
                 Election
                 there
                 fall
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 having
                 equall
                 Votes
                 ,
                 the
                 Provest
                 in
                 this
                 caice
                 hath
                 the
                 casting
                 Vote
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 way
                 of
                 Election
                 was
                 determined
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Convention
                   of
                   Burghs
                
                 ,
                 and
                 ratified
                 and
                 approved
                 by
                 
                   King
                   James
                   the
                   sixth
                
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 difference
                 that
                 ●ell
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 Common-Cause
                 1593.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 any
                 matter
                 of
                 more
                 then
                 ordinary
                 importance
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 consulted
                 off
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 present
                 Councill
                 find
                 it
                 meet
                 ,
                 they
                 call
                 the
                 former
                 years
                 Councill
                 ,
                 and
                 joyne
                 both
                 in
                 consultation
                 and
                 determination
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 business
                 of
                 setting
                 on
                 of
                 a
                 Tax
                 ,
                 or
                 levying
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 whither
                 for
                 Nationall
                 or
                 Particular
                 Us●
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 ;
                 the
                 consent
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 is
                 called
                 for
                 in
                 a
                 Publick
                 Head-Court
                 conveened
                 by
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 reasons
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Tax
                 or
                 Imposition
                 are
                 holden
                 forth
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Provest
                   &c.
                
                 unto
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 by
                 this
                 it
                 is
                 evident
                 to
                 the
                 Judicious
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 have
                 the
                 best
                 Ingredients
                 and
                 Advantages
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 severall
                 sorts
                 of
                 Government
                 :
                 And
                 to
                 compleat
                 our
                 Power
                 ,
                 our
                 Provest
                 and
                 Bailies
                 are
                 made
                 Sheriffs
                 within
                 their
                 own
                 City
                 and
                 Freedom-Lands
                 ,
                 by
                 K.
                 CHARLES
                 
                   the
                   first
                
                 1633
                 by
                 which
                 our
                 Citizens
                 are
                 fred
                 from
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 any
                 Sheriff
                 that
                 at
                 times
                 
                 have
                 sought
                 to
                 oppress
                 them
                 ,
                 yea
                 to
                 pannell
                 them
                 for
                 life
                 without
                 a
                 just
                 cause
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 
                   Allexander
                   Rutherford
                   Provest
                
                 his
                 time
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Sheriff-Deput
                 pannelled
                 a
                 Burger
                 ,
                 called
                 
                   Patrick
                   Corser
                
                 for
                 resetting
                 stollen
                 Brass
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 bought
                 on
                 a
                 Ma●ket-day
                 innocently
                 and
                 would
                 not
                 admit
                 of
                 surety
                 for
                 any
                 summ
                 of
                 money
                 whatsoever
                 offered
                 by
                 the
                 Provest
                 (
                 the
                 Sheriff
                 having
                 a
                 pick
                 against
                 the
                 man
                 pannelled
                 ,
                 )
                 which
                 the
                 Provest
                 perceiving
                 that
                 no
                 reason
                 could
                 prevaill
                 ,
                 commanded
                 
                   Patrick
                   Corser
                
                 down
                 staires
                 upon
                 any
                 hazard
                 that
                 might
                 follow
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 fred
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 also
                 ,
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 a
                 moneth
                 or
                 thereby
                 before
                 the
                 yearly
                 Election
                 ,
                 cause
                 the
                 Drummer
                 go
                 through
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 inviting
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 Free-men
                 ,
                 to
                 come
                 and
                 hear
                 the
                 accounts
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Office-bearers
                 counted
                 ,
                 fitted
                 and
                 subscrived
                 by
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Auditors
                 of
                 the
                 counts
                 chosen
                 in
                 the
                 day
                 of
                 the
                 Election
                 for
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 any
                 that
                 pleases
                 may
                 see
                 how
                 uprightly
                 all
                 the
                 Towns-Revenues
                 and
                 Moneys
                 received
                 ,
                 are
                 bestowed
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Fidelity
                 and
                 Loyall-Duty
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 have
                 alwayes
                 payed
                 to
                 their
                 SOVERAIGNES
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 gracious
                 Rewards
                 conferred
                 thereon
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 signall
                 Evidences
                 of
                 Honour
                 put
                 upon
                 many
                 chief
                 Magistrats
                 thereof
                 .
              
               
                 THis
                 City
                 having
                 been
                 erected
                 into
                 a
                 Burgh-Royall
                 by
                 King
                 GREGORIE
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 and
                 Priviledged
                 with
                 many
                 Donations
                 by
                 Him
                 as
                 some
                 Notes
                 and
                 Scrolls
                 bear
                 Record
                 ,
                 gathered
                 by
                 the
                 Recorders
                 and
                 Town-Clerks
                 afterwards
                 .
                 The
                 Principall
                 Evidents
                 being
                 destroyed
                 in
                 the
                 common
                 Callamities
                 of
                 these
                 sad
                 times
                 formerly
                 hinted
                 at
                 .
              
               
               
                 This
                 City
                 was
                 had
                 in
                 speciall
                 favour
                 with
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 succeeding
                 KINGS
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 
                   King
                   William
                
                 ,
                 surnamed
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 Fortitude
                 ,
                 the
                 Lyon.
                 He
                 built
                 a
                 Palace
                 in
                 Aberdeen
                 where
                 sometime
                 he
                 remained
                 with
                 his
                 Court
                 ,
                 which
                 afterward
                 he
                 dedicated
                 to
                 a
                 new
                 order
                 of
                 Friars
                 (
                 called
                 the
                 Trinity-Friars
                 )
                 for
                 setting
                 up
                 an
                 Abbacie
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 two
                 of
                 that
                 order
                 ,
                 which
                 
                   Pope
                   Innocent
                   the
                   third
                
                 had
                 newly
                 Erected
                 ,
                 being
                 recommended
                 by
                 the
                 Pope
                 and
                 sent
                 from
                 Rome
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 Abbacie
                 he
                 gave
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 Rents
                 intending
                 if
                 he
                 lived
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 greater
                 ,
                 this
                 Order
                 was
                 erected
                 1211.
                 
                 Which
                 Abbacie
                 was
                 burnt
                 when
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 where
                 now
                 the
                 Trades-Hospitall
                 stands
                 ,
                 being
                 re-edified
                 but
                 of
                 late
                 years
                 by
                 
                   Dr.
                   William
                   Guild
                
                 .
              
               
                 Likewise
                 it
                 is
                 Recorded
                 that
                 the
                 three
                 
                   Kings
                   Alexanders
                
                 had
                 here
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 a
                 pleasant
                 Pallace
                 ,
                 which
                 afterwards
                 was
                 translated
                 to
                 the
                 Friars-Predicators
                 or
                 Dominicans
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Alexander
                   the
                   second
                
                 did
                 greatly
                 adorn
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 it
                 Liberties
                 and
                 Priviledges
                 the
                 like
                 with
                 Pearth
                 1214
                 :
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 year
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 immediatly
                 after
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 
                   King
                   William
                
                 .
              
               
                 Boyes
                 holds
                 forth
                 in
                 his
                 
                   History
                   ,
                   pag.
                
                 283.
                 ver
                 .
                 65.
                 
                 That
                 this
                 KING
                 came
                 to
                 Aberdeen
                 with
                 his
                 Sister
                 Isobell
                 ,
                 (
                 after
                 he
                 returned
                 from
                 England
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 honored
                 it
                 with
                 many
                 Priviledges
                 ,
                 as
                 
                 
                   King
                   Gregory
                   ,
                   King
                   Malcome
                
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 and
                 David
                 brother
                 to
                 
                   King
                   William
                
                 had
                 done
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 he
                 called
                 this
                 CITY
                 
                   His
                   own
                   City
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Infef●ments
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 
                   King
                   Alexander
                   the
                   second
                
                 under
                 his
                 
                   Seal
                   in
                   green
                   Wax
                
                 is
                 yet
                 extant
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Record
                 of
                 the
                 Priviledges
                 given
                 by
                 Him
                 to
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 having
                 (
                 by
                 Providence
                 )
                 escaped
                 from
                 the
                 common
                 Calamity
                 .
              
               
                 
                   King
                   Robert
                   Bruce
                
                 in
                 these
                 most
                 troublesome
                 times
                 ,
                 wherein
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 Reign
                 or
                 recover
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Edward
                 the
                 first
                 
                   King
                   of
                   England
                
                 ,
                 being
                 beaten
                 severall
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 finding
                 all
                 his
                 attempts
                 unsuccessfull
                 retired
                 to
                 ABERDEEN
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 place
                 of
                 safety
                 where
                 he
                 found
                 that
                 his
                 Enemies
                 and
                 his
                 former
                 bad
                 success
                 might
                 be
                 overcome
                 :
                 for
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 hope
                 of
                 his
                 Effai●s
                 but
                 despaired
                 of
                 all
                 Victory
                 ,
                 intending
                 to
                 go
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 till
                 better
                 times
                 might
                 fall
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 get
                 
                   Forraign
                   Forces
                
                 for
                 his
                 assistance
                 .
                 Incontinently
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 came
                 and
                 exhorted
                 Him
                 to
                 better
                 hopes
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 confidence
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 Him
                 assistance
                 both
                 in
                 men
                 and
                 money
                 ,
                 and
                 followed
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 of
                 Inverurie
                 where
                 they
                 fought
                 with
                 the
                 Enemie
                 ,
                 and
                 obtained
                 his
                 first
                 Victory
                 ,
                 whereof
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 speciall
                 Instruments
                 and
                 Helps
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 being
                 so
                 sickly
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 carried
                 in
                 his
                 Bed
                 ,
                 as
                 Boyes
                 
                 ●elates
                 ,
                 fol.
                 312.
                 whence
                 there
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 method
                 setled
                 to
                 recover
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 which
                 service
                 he
                 was
                 moved
                 to
                 bestow
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 ABERDEEN
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Lands
                 of
                 the
                 Kings-Forrest
                 ,
                 called
                 the
                 Stock●d-Wood
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 parts
                 and
                 pendicles
                 of
                 ●he
                 same
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Mills
                   ,
                   Waters
                   ,
                   Fishings
                   ,
                   ●mall
                   Customs
                   ,
                   Tolls
                   ,
                   Courts
                   ,
                   Weights
                   ,
                   Mea●ures
                   ,
                   Free
                   Port
                   and
                   Haven
                
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Priviledges
                 and
                 Liberties
                 whatsomever
                 ,
                 pertaining
                 or
                 that
                 might
                 pertain
                 justly
                 to
                 a
                 Royall-Burgh
                 within
                 this
                 Realm
                 .
              
               
                 Under
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 
                   King
                   David
                   Bruce
                   ,
                   John
                   Randell
                
                 Earle
                 of
                 Murray
                 ,
                 being
                 for
                 the
                 ●ime
                 Governour
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 amongst
                 ●his
                 chiefest
                 Designes
                 for
                 recovering
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 he
                 saw
                 it
                 was
                 most
                 expedient
                 to
                 pursue
                 
                   David
                   Cumming
                
                 Earle
                 of
                 Atholl
                 ,
                 whom
                 
                   King
                   Edward
                   of
                   England
                
                 had
                 appointed
                 Governour
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 collected
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 came
                 ●traight
                 to
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 where
                 (
                 notwithstanding
                 ●he
                 Tyrrany
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 they
                 were
                 under
                 ,
                 )
                 ●he
                 was
                 informed
                 where
                 
                   David
                   Cumming
                
                 was
                 ,
                 knowing
                 their
                 Loyaltie
                 to
                 
                   King
                   David
                
                 Bruce
                 ●heir
                 Naturall
                 KING
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 straight
                 way
                 pursued
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 years
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Englishes
                 having
                 con●inued
                 their
                 Rapine
                 and
                 Cruelty
                 in
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 ●y
                 keeping
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 the
                 Citizens
                 taking
                 Counsell
                 how
                 they
                 might
                 free
                 
                 themselves
                 of
                 that
                 Yoke
                 and
                 Servitude
                 ,
                 at
                 last
                 resolved
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Garison
                 whom
                 they
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 thereafter
                 levelled
                 the
                 Castle
                 with
                 the
                 ground
                 .
                 Whence
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 that
                 resolute
                 Act
                 ,
                 they
                 got
                 their
                 Ensignes-Armoriall
                 ,
                 which
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 they
                 bear
                 :
                 witness
                 that
                 late
                 Book
                 of
                 Heraldry
                 ,
                 set
                 forth
                 by
                 
                   Sir
                   George
                   Mckenzie
                   of
                   Rose-haugh
                   Knight
                   ,
                   His
                   Majesties
                   Advocat
                   ,
                
                 who
                 hath
                 blazoned
                 the
                 
                   Arms
                   of
                   Aberdeen
                
                 particularly
                 ,
                 thus
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Arms
                 or
                 
                   Ensigns
                   Armoriall
                
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Burgh
                   Royall
                
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 beareth
                 Gules
                 ,
                 three
                 Towres
                 triple
                 ,
                 towered
                 in
                 a
                 double-Tressure
                 counter
                 flowred
                 Argent
                 ,
                 supported
                 by
                 two
                 Leopards
                 propper
                 ,
                 the
                 Motto
                 in
                 an
                 Escroll
                 above
                 ,
                 BON-ACCORD
                 ,
                 whence
                 there
                 are
                 these
                 Verses
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     Arx
                     triplex
                     ,
                     arcem
                     testatur
                     ab
                     hoste
                     receptam
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Hostis
                     utrinque
                     doces
                     ,
                     tu
                     Leoparde
                     genus
                     .
                  
                   
                     Lillia
                     cum
                     Clypeo
                     ,
                     voti
                     Rex
                     pignora
                     jussit
                  
                   
                     Esse
                     ,
                     color
                     fusi
                     signa
                     cruoris
                     habet
                     .
                  
                   
                     Haec
                     hostes
                     sensere
                     ,
                     Bona
                     at
                     Concordia
                     (
                     virtue
                  
                   
                     Qua
                     res
                     usquè
                     viget
                     publica
                     )
                     culta
                     domi
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     In
                     English
                     thus
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     threefold
                     Towres
                     ,
                     the
                     Castle
                     showes
                     regain'd
                  
                   
                     From
                     Enemies
                     ,
                     who
                     it
                     by
                     force
                     mantain'd
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Leopards
                     ,
                     which
                     on
                     each
                     hand
                     ye
                     view
                     ,
                  
                   
                     The
                     cruell
                     temper
                     of
                     these
                     foes
                     do
                     shew
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     The
                     Shield
                     and
                     Lillies
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     Kings-Command
                  
                   
                     As
                     pledges
                     of
                     his
                     great
                     good-will
                     do
                     stand
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Collour
                     ,
                     calls
                     the
                     Blood
                     there
                     shed
                     to
                     mind
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Which
                     these
                     proud
                     Foes
                     unto
                     their
                     cost
                     did
                     find
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     BON-ACCORD
                     ,
                     by
                     which
                     doth
                     safely
                     come
                  
                   
                     To
                     Common-Wealths
                     )
                     establisht
                     was
                     at
                     home
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I.
                   B.
                   
                
              
               
                 And
                 upon
                 the
                 reverse
                 of
                 the
                 Seal
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Burgh
                 is
                 insculped
                 in
                 a
                 field
                 Azure
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Temple
                   Argent
                   ,
                   St.
                   Nicholas
                
                 standing
                 in
                 the
                 Porch
                 Mytered
                 and
                 Vested
                 propper
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Dexter-hand
                 lifted
                 up
                 to
                 Heaven
                 praying
                 over
                 three
                 Children
                 in
                 a
                 
                   Boylling
                   Caldron
                
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 holding
                 in
                 the
                 Sinister
                 a
                 
                   Crosier
                   Ore
                
                 :
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 Old-Arms
                 of
                 the
                 Burgh-Royall
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 as
                 
                   His
                   Majesties
                   Advocat
                
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 book
                 above-mentioned
                 relates
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Castle
                 was
                 thus
                 taken
                 and
                 ruined
                 ,
                 the
                 English
                 being
                 deeply
                 affected
                 therewith
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 their
                 men
                 ,
                 did
                 gather
                 their
                 Forces
                 together
                 to
                 avenge
                 this
                 Injury
                 against
                 Aberdeen
                 :
                 The
                 Citizens
                 then
                 following
                 
                   Joannes
                   Fraser
                
                 ,
                 who
                 Commanded
                 these
                 Forces
                 that
                 adhered
                 to
                 the
                 Interest
                 of
                 
                   King
                   David
                   Bruce
                
                 ,
                 did
                 most
                 stoutly
                 fight
                 the
                 English
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Church-Yard
                 ,
                 and
                 although
                 with
                 much
                 Blood
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 men
                 ,
                 yet
                 at
                 last
                 obtained
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
              
               
                 Hence
                 four
                 years
                 after
                 ,
                 
                   Edward
                   the
                   third
                
                 having
                 
                 sent
                 a
                 great
                 Navie
                 to
                 recover
                 his
                 loss
                 in
                 thir
                 Northern-parts
                 ,
                 his
                 Forces
                 fell
                 upon
                 Aberdeen
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 spoiled
                 the
                 Religious-Houses
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 coming
                 by
                 surprize
                 and
                 greatly
                 incensed
                 for
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 their
                 men
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 sustained
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Garison
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 forementioned
                 Fight
                 ,
                 )
                 did
                 cut
                 off
                 Men
                 ,
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 none
                 being
                 spared
                 except
                 such
                 as
                 had
                 by
                 flight
                 saved
                 themselves
                 :
                 they
                 burnt
                 the
                 City
                 six
                 dayes
                 together
                 ,
                 as
                 hath
                 been
                 touched
                 above
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 thereafter
                 re-built
                 ,
                 is
                 ever
                 after
                 called
                 the
                 NEW-TOWN
                 of
                 ABERDEEN
                 .
              
               
                 
                   King
                   David
                   Bruce
                
                 had
                 ever
                 after
                 a
                 great
                 favour
                 and
                 respect
                 for
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 dwelt
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Mint-House
                 here
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 peeces
                 of
                 Money
                 not
                 long
                 since
                 extant
                 with
                 the
                 inscription
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 did
                 testifie
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 did
                 ratifie
                 and
                 approve
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Donations
                 of
                 
                   Lands
                   ,
                   Waters
                   ,
                   Fishings
                
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Priviledges
                 ,
                 which
                 
                   King
                   Robert
                
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 Predecessors
                 had
                 formerly
                 given
                 or
                 granted
                 to
                 the
                 said
                 Burgh
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 their
                 good
                 Service
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 and
                 himself
                 against
                 the
                 common
                 Enemie
                 .
              
               
                 Also
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 
                   King
                   James's
                
                 ,
                 1
                 st
                 .
                 2
                 d.
                 3
                 d.
                 4
                 th
                 5
                 th
                 .
                 and
                 6
                 th
                 .
                 did
                 all
                 ratifie
                 and
                 approve
                 all
                 these
                 Priviledges
                 and
                 Donations
                 of
                 what
                 ever
                 any
                 of
                 their
                 Predecessors
                 had
                 done
                 before
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 witnessed
                 their
                 favourable
                 
                 Respects
                 to
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 thereof
                 upon
                 severall
                 occasions
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 instance
                 ,
                 
                   King
                   JAMES
                   the
                   fourth
                
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 complaint
                 made
                 against
                 SIR
                 JOHN
                 RUTHERFORD
                 
                   of
                   Tarlane
                
                 after
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Elections
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 chosen
                 Provest
                 (
                 having
                 for
                 many
                 years
                 enjoyed
                 that
                 Office
                 ,
                 )
                 The
                 King
                 wrot
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Town
                   Councill
                
                 ,
                 desiring
                 an
                 exact
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 ground
                 of
                 the
                 Complaint
                 made
                 against
                 
                   His
                   Loved
                   Familiar
                
                 SIR
                 JOHN
                 RUTHERFORD
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Kings
                   Letter
                
                 ,
                 dated
                 November
                 5.
                 1487.
                 recorded
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Towns
                   Books
                
                 doth
                 bear
                 .
              
               
                 Again
                 ,
                 
                   King
                   JAMES
                   the
                   fifth
                
                 was
                 often
                 in
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 singularly
                 shew
                 Favour
                 and
                 Respects
                 to
                 the
                 Familie
                 of
                 the
                 MENZIESES
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 many
                 years
                 did
                 wisely
                 and
                 happily
                 Govern
                 our
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 Also
                 ,
                 
                   King
                   JAMES
                   the
                   sixth
                
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 onely
                 confirme
                 in
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 
                   Ancient
                   Priviledges
                
                 and
                 Liberties
                 given
                 to
                 this
                 City
                 by
                 his
                 
                   Royall
                   Predecessors
                
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 ,
                 when
                 ●s
                 by
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 this
                 Nation
                 the
                 King
                 might
                 have
                 exacted
                 his
                 Burrow-Mailes
                 in
                 Sterling-Money
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 the
                 utter
                 undoing
                 and
                 extirpation
                 of
                 this
                 Re-publick
                 :
                 He
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 
                   Princely
                   Clemency
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Favour
                 which
                 he
                 did
                 ever
                 bear
                 to
                 this
                 his
                 Ancient-City
                 ,
                 did
                 of
                 new
                 again
                 Re-erect
                 and
                 found
                 the
                 samen
                 ;
                 and
                 did
                 quite
                 abolish
                 and
                 ab●ogat
                 the
                 payment
                 of
                 Sterling-Money
                 ,
                 by
                 dissolving
                 
                 the
                 same
                 from
                 the
                 Crown
                 in
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 so
                 far
                 as
                 concerns
                 this
                 City
                 allennarlly
                 :
                 the
                 like
                 benefit
                 being
                 denyed
                 to
                 any
                 other
                 Burgh
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 :
                 as
                 also
                 ,
                 disponning
                 and
                 giving
                 of
                 new
                 the
                 
                   Burgh
                   ,
                   Common-Lands
                   ,
                   Fishings
                
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Liberties
                 thereof
                 whatsomever
                 ,
                 for
                 payment
                 of
                 current
                 money
                 allennarly
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 honored
                 our
                 then
                 present
                 Provest
                 ,
                 THOMAS
                 MENZIES
                 of
                 Durne
                 or
                 Cults
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Knight-hood
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Privy-Chamber
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 presence
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 sort
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 both
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 acknowledged
                 (
                 before
                 them
                 then
                 present
                 ,
                 )
                 worthy
                 of
                 that
                 honour
                 ,
                 be
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 good
                 service
                 lately
                 done
                 by
                 Him
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 gentle
                 entertainment
                 of
                 his
                 
                   Honorable
                   Servants
                
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 to
                 visit
                 Aberdeen
                 by
                 the
                 Kings
                 appointment
                 1617.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 SIR
                 THOMAS
                 MENZIES
                 of
                 Cults
                 having
                 procured
                 that
                 Famous
                 Pearl
                 which
                 was
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Brook
                 or
                 Burne
                 of
                 Kellie
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 runs
                 into
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 Ythan
                 ,
                 which
                 Pearle
                 ,
                 for
                 beauty
                 and
                 bigness
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 best
                 that
                 hath
                 been
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 found
                 in
                 Scotland
                 :
                 our
                 said
                 Provest
                 having
                 found
                 by
                 the
                 Judgement
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Jewelers
                 in
                 Edinburgh
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 most
                 Precious
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 high
                 Value
                 ,
                 went
                 up
                 to
                 London
                 and
                 gifted
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 this
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1620.
                 
              
               
               
                 Who
                 in
                 retribution
                 gave
                 him
                 twelve
                 or
                 fourtteen
                 Chalders
                 of
                 Victuall
                 about
                 Dumfermling
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 Merchant-Goods
                 in
                 Aberdeen
                 during
                 his
                 life
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 it
                 pleased
                 GOD
                 he
                 dyed
                 at
                 Wooller
                 on
                 the
                 Border
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 return
                 home
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 this
                 did
                 signifie
                 the
                 speciall
                 Favour
                 the
                 King
                 did
                 bear
                 to
                 our
                 then
                 Provest
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 live
                 to
                 enjoy
                 the
                 effects
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Kings
                   Royall
                
                 and
                 
                   Princely
                   Respects
                
                 .
                 This
                 Pearle
                 was
                 reported
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Jewells
                 of
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 England
                 .
              
               
                 Likewise
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 King
                 called
                 the
                 Commissioners
                 of
                 both
                 Kingdoms
                 to
                 treat
                 anent
                 the
                 Union
                 betwixt
                 Scotland
                 and
                 England
                 ,
                 ALEXANDER
                 RUTHERFORD
                 Provest
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 being
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 four
                 chosen
                 for
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 the
                 Burrowes
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 did
                 put
                 it
                 upon
                 Him
                 to
                 speak
                 in
                 behalf
                 of
                 the
                 Burrowes
                 ,
                 who
                 did
                 acquite
                 himself
                 so
                 satisfyingly
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 that
                 pulling
                 a
                 rich
                 
                   Diamond
                   Ring
                
                 from
                 his
                 Finger
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 it
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 token
                 of
                 his
                 Royall-Respects
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 heard
                 some
                 relate
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 delivered
                 his
                 discourse
                 in
                 our
                 Scots-dialect
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 not
                 so
                 intelligible
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 to
                 the
                 
                   English
                   Commissioners
                
                 ,
                 he
                 spoke
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 purpose
                 in
                 Latine
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Bishops
                 might
                 understand
                 :
                 then
                 gave
                 a
                 like
                 account
                 to
                 the
                 Nobility
                 amongst
                 the
                 
                   English
                   Commissioners
                
                 in
                 the
                 French-Language
                 ,
                 which
                 did
                 affect
                 the
                 
                 King
                 with
                 very
                 much
                 complacency
                 ,
                 who
                 carried
                 a
                 singular
                 Respect
                 to
                 the
                 Subjects
                 of
                 this
                 his
                 Native-Country
                 and
                 
                   Ancient
                   Kingdom
                
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 every
                 thing
                 acceptable
                 that
                 had
                 -
                 a
                 tendency
                 to
                 the
                 repute
                 thereof
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Battell
                 of
                 Harlaw
                 did
                 witness
                 the
                 Zeal
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 against
                 the
                 Enemies
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 Peace
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 1411.
                 where
                 the
                 Provest
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Citizens
                 did
                 assist
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Victory
                 of
                 that
                 day
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 their
                 lives
                 .
              
               
                 Also
                 that
                 fatall
                 Battell
                 of
                 Pinkie
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 were
                 lost
                 and
                 killed
                 many
                 brave
                 Towns-Men
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 that
                 went
                 thither
                 (
                 though
                 at
                 so
                 far
                 a
                 distance
                 )
                 for
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 their
                 Soveraign
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Nation
                 .
              
               
                 
                   King
                   CHARLES
                
                 the
                 first
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1633
                 at
                 his
                 Coronation
                 in
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 confirmed
                 and
                 ratified
                 all
                 our
                 above
                 written
                 Priviledges
                 and
                 Liberties
                 of
                 new
                 ,
                 given
                 and
                 granted
                 by
                 his
                 
                   Royall
                   Father
                
                 and
                 Progenitors
                 with
                 this
                 addition
                 ,
                 making
                 and
                 constituting
                 the
                 Provest
                 and
                 
                   Bailies
                   ,
                   Sheriffs
                
                 within
                 their
                 Burgh
                 and
                 Freedom-Lands
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Priviledge
                 of
                 having
                 an
                 unground
                 Malt-Market
                 ,
                 and
                 honored
                 PAUL
                 MENZIES
                 of
                 Kinmundie
                 then
                 present
                 Provest
                 with
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 Knight-hood
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 year
                 1649
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Parliament
                 of
                 Scotland
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 dutifull
                 Respects
                 ,
                 and
                 Loyaltie
                 to
                 their
                 undoubted
                 
                   Soveraign
                   ,
                   King
                   
                   CHARLES
                
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 had
                 proclaimed
                 Him
                 King
                 of
                 
                   Great
                   Britain
                   ,
                   France
                
                 and
                 Ireland
                 ,
                 and
                 immediatly
                 did
                 choose
                 Commissioners
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 three
                 Estates
                 of
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 to
                 invite
                 their
                 King
                 to
                 this
                 his
                 
                   Ancient
                   Kingdom
                
                 ,
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Crown
                 which
                 had
                 now
                 of
                 right
                 descended
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 108
                 Kings
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Parliament
                 made
                 choise
                 of
                 ALEXANDER
                 JAFFRAY
                 of
                 
                   Kingswells
                   Commissioner
                
                 for
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 Burrowes
                 to
                 go
                 over
                 to
                 Holland
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 Wise
                 ,
                 Pious
                 and
                 Discreet
                 Man
                 all
                 his
                 time
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 (
                 to
                 be
                 faithfull
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 he
                 had
                 his
                 Commission
                 from
                 )
                 intreated
                 the
                 Parliament
                 to
                 consider
                 the
                 most
                 important
                 Article
                 in
                 his
                 Commission
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 he
                 might
                 undertake
                 that
                 weighty
                 Employment
                 with
                 the
                 greater
                 Alacrity
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 to
                 visit
                 the
                 counts
                 of
                 the
                 extraordinary
                 losses
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 .
                 The
                 Parliament
                 had
                 that
                 respect
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 so
                 desirous
                 to
                 grant
                 his
                 so
                 just
                 demand
                 ,
                 that
                 forthwith
                 they
                 did
                 Deput
                 some
                 fit
                 Members
                 ,
                 who
                 after
                 hearing
                 and
                 considering
                 ,
                 made
                 their
                 report
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 the
                 Parliament
                 by
                 an
                 Act
                 did
                 acknowledge
                 themselves
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Representative
                 of
                 the
                 Nation
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 justly
                 resting
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 the
                 summ
                 of
                 nine
                 hundreth
                 threescore
                 and
                 nine
                 thousand
                 Merks
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 grant
                 the
                 Cess
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 be
                 allowed
                 to
                 them
                 for
                 as
                 many
                 Moneths
                 as
                 
                 drew
                 to
                 eighteen
                 thousand
                 Merks
                 ;
                 because
                 this
                 great
                 summ
                 that
                 was
                 due
                 to
                 them
                 had
                 exhausted
                 the
                 summs
                 of
                 Money
                 that
                 was
                 Mortified
                 to
                 
                   Hospitals
                   Schools
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Colledge
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Common-Poor
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 had
                 ruined
                 almost
                 the
                 Common
                 Thesaurie
                 thereof
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 was
                 all
                 they
                 could
                 spare
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 till
                 an
                 opportunity
                 might
                 fall
                 out
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 more
                 full
                 payment
                 ,
                 which
                 hitherto
                 hath
                 ever
                 failed
                 ,
                 and
                 hath
                 been
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 the
                 severall
                 heavy
                 burdensom
                 Taxations
                 that
                 have
                 of
                 late
                 years
                 been
                 laid
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 procuring
                 that
                 relief
                 which
                 hath
                 been
                 obtained
                 thir
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 years
                 bygone
                 by
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 ,
                 who
                 withall
                 have
                 made
                 themselves
                 lyable
                 to
                 the
                 grudge
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 so
                 selfiish
                 ,
                 that
                 before
                 their
                 particular
                 suffer
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 they
                 could
                 let
                 the
                 Publick
                 come
                 to
                 utter
                 ruine
                 and
                 perish
                 without
                 remedy
                 and
                 unavoidably
                 :
                 but
                 of
                 two
                 evils
                 the
                 least
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 to
                 return
                 ,
                 Our
                 abovenamed
                 Commissioner
                 obtained
                 also
                 an
                 
                   Act
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Souldiers
                 should
                 be
                 quartered
                 in
                 Aberdeen
                 for
                 three
                 years
                 thereafter
                 ,
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 great
                 respect
                 the
                 Parliament
                 had
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Commissioners
                 of
                 the
                 three
                 Estates
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 after
                 his
                 return
                 ,
                 being
                 Commissioner
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Convention
                   of
                   Burrowes
                
                 at
                 Queensferrie
                 ,
                 obtained
                 half
                 a
                 merk
                 down
                 of
                 Aberdeens
                 proportion
                 
                 of
                 the
                 100
                 Pound
                 of
                 Stent-Roll
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 advantage
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 being
                 chosen
                 that
                 year
                 Provest
                 of
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 went
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Commissioners
                 the
                 next
                 year
                 1650
                 to
                 the
                 Hague
                 in
                 Holland
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 pleased
                 GOD
                 so
                 to
                 prosper
                 their
                 endeavours
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 bring
                 the
                 King
                 home
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 Aberdeen
                 being
                 the
                 first
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 ,
                 there
                 he
                 was
                 received
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Demonstrations
                 of
                 joy
                 and
                 cheerfullness
                 that
                 the
                 Magistrats
                 and
                 Inhabitants
                 could
                 evidence
                 :
                 as
                 also
                 ,
                 the
                 Silver-Keyes
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 were
                 delivered
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Provest
                 (
                 who
                 tame
                 sometime
                 before
                 to
                 prepare
                 for
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 reception
                 )
                 with
                 an
                 Eloquent
                 and
                 Pertinent
                 Harrangue
                 therewith
                 made
                 by
                 
                   Mr.
                   James
                   Sandilands
                
                 ,
                 of
                 Cotton
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Cities
                   Recorder
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Clerk.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 February
                 and
                 beginning
                 of
                 March
                 1651
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 came
                 to
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 stayed
                 a
                 week
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 
                   Mr.
                   Robert
                   Farquhar
                
                 of
                 Munie
                 was
                 Provest
                 ,
                 (
                 
                   Alexander
                   Jaffray
                
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 Provest
                 the
                 former
                 year
                 ,
                 having
                 been
                 taken
                 Prisoner
                 at
                 Dumbar-fight
                 which
                 was
                 on
                 the
                 third
                 of
                 September
                 1650.
                 )
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 pleased
                 to
                 honour
                 our
                 then
                 present
                 Provest
                 with
                 the
                 Honor
                 of
                 Knighthood
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 
                   Patrick
                   Leslie
                
                 of
                 Eden
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 Provest
                 some
                 years
                 before
                 with
                 the
                 like
                 Honor.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 also
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1681
                 ,
                 GEORGE
                 SKEN●
                 
                 of
                 Fintray
                 was
                 Honoured
                 with
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Knighthood
                 at
                 EDINBURGH
                 ,
                 by
                 JAMES
                 Duke
                 of
                 Albany
                 and
                 York
                 ,
                 then
                 Commissioner
                 to
                 the
                 Parliament
                 of
                 SCOTLAMD
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 late
                 KING
                 ,
                 CHARLES
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 His
                 ROYALL-BROTHER
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VI.
                 Concerning
                 the
                 STATE
                 of
                 ABERDEEN
                 .
              
               
                 AS
                 for
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 ABERDEEN
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 taken
                 for
                 the
                 Yearly
                 Revenue
                 of
                 their
                 Thesaurie
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 considerable
                 as
                 some
                 lesser
                 Towns
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 mostly
                 exhausted
                 in
                 paying
                 Stipendiaries
                 and
                 other
                 incidencies
                 ,
                 especially
                 since
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 
                   Queen
                   Mary
                
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 our
                 Freedom-Lands
                 and
                 Salmon-Fishings
                 were
                 all
                 fewed
                 out
                 to
                 particular
                 men
                 ;
                 which
                 though
                 it
                 brought
                 in
                 considerable
                 summs
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 yet
                 now
                 the
                 Fewes
                 both
                 of
                 Lands
                 and
                 
                 Waters
                 are
                 but
                 very
                 inconsiderable
                 :
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 extending
                 but
                 to
                 
                   seven
                   hundreth
                   sixteen
                   Pounds
                   ten
                   shillings
                   Scots
                   money
                   .
                
              
               
                 Yet
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 appear
                 how
                 considerable
                 this
                 City
                 is
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Kings
                   Exchequer
                
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 consider
                 the
                 Customs
                 and
                 Excyse
                 of
                 Merchant-Goods
                 ,
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 ,
                 the
                 Excyse
                 of
                 
                   Ale
                   ,
                   Beer
                
                 and
                 Aquavitae
                 or
                 Strong-Waters
                 ;
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Yearly
                   Supplie
                
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 by
                 
                   Act
                   of
                   Parliament
                
                 ,
                 this
                 City
                 one
                 Year
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 of
                 in-come
                 to
                 the
                 Exchequer
                 about
                 
                   thirty
                   thousand
                   Pounds
                   of
                   Scots
                   money
                   .
                
              
               
                 If
                 this
                 were
                 duely
                 considered
                 ,
                 it
                 might
                 easily
                 be
                 perceived
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Prosperity
                 and
                 Flowrishing
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 is
                 of
                 speciall
                 concernment
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Publick
                 Interests
                 of
                 the
                 Nation
                 ;
                 and
                 incaice
                 of
                 its
                 decay
                 ,
                 the
                 prejudice
                 of
                 both
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 less
                 considerable
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 acknowledge
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 severall
                 of
                 the
                 Chiefest
                 
                   Staple
                   Commodities
                
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Plaiding
                   ,
                   Fingrams
                   ,
                   Stockings
                   ,
                   Salmond
                   ,
                   Stuffs
                   ,
                   Serges
                   ,
                   Sheep-skins
                
                 and
                 Lamb-skins
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Plading
                 was
                 giving
                 good
                 price
                 in
                 Holland
                 ,
                 the
                 old
                 Conservator
                 SIR
                 PATRICK
                 DRUMMOND
                 frequenty
                 reported
                 that
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 SCOTLAND
                 was
                 more
                 obliedged
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 ABERDEEN
                 for
                 the
                 abundance
                 of
                 money
                 the
                 Merchants
                 thereof
                 brought
                 to
                 the
                 Nation
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 of
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 besides
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 Trade
                 of
                 this
                 so
                 
                 profitable
                 a
                 Commodity
                 is
                 greatly
                 decayed
                 and
                 become
                 very
                 low
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Rivers
                 of
                 Dee
                 and
                 Don
                 ,
                 besides
                 what
                 is
                 brought
                 from
                 Ythan
                 and
                 Ugie
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 two
                 last
                 Rivers
                 belong
                 to
                 the
                 Earle
                 MARISCHALL
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Heritors
                 of
                 the
                 Shyre
                 )
                 these
                 two
                 first
                 Rivers
                 afford
                 our
                 Merchants
                 above
                 an
                 hundreth
                 and
                 twenty
                 Lasts
                 of
                 Salmond
                 or
                 thereby
                 one
                 year
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 carried
                 to
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   Holland
                
                 and
                 sometimes
                 to
                 Spain
                 and
                 other
                 forreign
                 places
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 knew
                 a
                 Merchant
                 in
                 my
                 time
                 who
                 sent
                 to
                 Dantzick
                 thirty
                 thousand
                 Lamb-skins
                 in
                 one
                 year
                 ;
                 but
                 our
                 Trade
                 is
                 much
                 decayed
                 by
                 what
                 it
                 hath
                 been
                 fourty
                 or
                 fifty
                 Years
                 ago
                 ,
                 before
                 our
                 late
                 
                   Intestin
                   Troubles
                
                 began
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
                 A
                 Catalogue
                 of
                 these
                 who
                 have
                 been
                 PROVESTS
                 in
                 ABERDEEN
                 ,
                 whereof
                 any
                 record
                 may
                 be
                 had
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 
                   Scrolls
                   ,
                   Charters
                
                 or
                 Infeftments
                 ,
                 before
                 or
                 since
                 the
                 burning
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Anno
                   Dom.
                   
                
                 
                   1310.
                   
                   
                     Duncanus
                     Melavill
                  
                   found
                   in
                   the
                   Bishop
                   of
                   Aberdeens
                   old
                   Registers
                   .
                
                 
                   1326.
                   
                   
                     Simon
                     Gilchach
                  
                   found
                   in
                   an
                   authentick
                   Scroll
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   1329.
                   
                   Willielmus
                   de
                   Strabrok
                   in
                   a
                   Scroll
                   .
                
                 
                   1142.
                   
                   David
                   de
                   Fingask
                   in
                   a
                   Scroll
                   .
                
                 
                   1349.
                   
                   
                     Simon
                     Lynto
                  
                   in
                   an
                   old
                   Evident
                   .
                
                 
                   1350.
                   
                   Robertus
                   de
                   Edynhine
                   in
                   an
                   old
                   Evident
                   .
                
                 
                   1352.
                   
                   
                     Willielmus
                     Leith
                  
                   in
                   a
                   Scroll
                   .
                
                 
                   1360.
                   
                   
                     Thomas
                     Mercer
                  
                   in
                   an
                   authentick
                   Scroll
                   .
                
                 
                   1361.
                   
                   
                     Thomas
                     Mercer
                  
                   in
                   an
                   authentick
                   Scroll
                   .
                
                 
                   1366.
                   
                   
                     Laurentius
                     Garvock
                  
                   in
                   a
                   Scroll
                   .
                
                 
                   1367.
                   
                   Laurentius
                   de
                   Fety
                   in
                   authentick
                   Scrolls
                   .
                
                 
                   1382.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Bannerman
                  
                   in
                   authentick
                   Scrolls
                   .
                
                 
                   1384.
                   
                   Laurentius
                   de
                   Fety
                   .
                
                 
                   1385.
                   
                   Laurentius
                   de
                   Fety
                   .
                
                 
                   1392.
                   
                   Willielmus
                   de
                   Camera
                   Pater
                   .
                
                 
                   1393.
                   
                   Willielmus
                   de
                   Camera
                   Pater
                   .
                
                 
                   1395.
                   
                   Willielmus
                   Filius
                   Andreae
                   .
                
                 
                   1396.
                   
                   Willielmus
                   de
                   Camera
                   Pater
                   .
                
                 
                   1398.
                   
                   Willielmus
                   de
                   Camera
                   Pater
                   .
                   The
                   oldest
                   Court-book
                   of
                   this
                   City
                   ,
                   is
                   of
                   this
                   years
                   date
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   in
                   the
                   Latine-Tongue
                   .
                
                 
                   1399.
                   
                   Adam
                   de
                   Benyn
                   ,
                   tenet
                   cum
                   libro
                   .
                
                 
                   1400.
                   
                   Adam
                   de
                   Benyn
                   ,
                   tenet
                   cum
                   libro
                   .
                
                 
                   1401.
                   
                   
                     Laurentius
                     Leith
                  
                   ,
                   tenet
                   cum
                   libro
                   .
                
                 
                   1403.
                   
                   Laurentius
                   de
                   Leith
                   .
                
                 
                   1404.
                   
                   Willielmus
                   de
                   Camera
                   Filius
                   .
                
                 
                   1405.
                   
                   Robertus
                   Filius
                   David
                   .
                
                 
                   1406.
                   
                   
                     Robertus
                     David
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1407.
                   
                   
                     Robertus
                     David
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1408.
                   
                   Robertus
                   Filius
                   David
                   .
                
                 
                   1409.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Fitchet
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1410.
                   
                   Robertus
                   Filius
                   David
                   ,
                   slain
                   at
                   Harlam
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   1411.
                   
                   
                     Andreas
                     Giffurd
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1412.
                   
                   Thomas
                   de
                   Camera
                   .
                
                 
                   1413.
                   
                   
                     Willielmus
                     Jackson
                  
                   ,
                   from
                   this
                   forth
                   we
                   can
                   find
                   no
                   Court
                   Book
                   till
                   
                     Gilbert
                     Menzeis
                  
                   time
                   1426.
                   
                
                 
                   1416.
                   
                   
                     Thomas
                     Roule
                  
                   in
                   an
                   old
                   Charter
                   .
                
                 
                   1419.
                   
                   
                     Andreas
                     Giffurd
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1423.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1425.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Vaus
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1426.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   ,
                   tenet
                   cum
                   libro
                   .
                
                 
                   1427.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   ,
                   tenet
                   cum
                   libro
                   .
                
                 
                   1428.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Vaus
                  
                
                 
                   1429.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Vaus
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1433.
                   
                   Thomas
                   de
                   Camera
                   ,
                   tenet
                   cum
                   libro
                   .
                
                 
                   1434.
                   
                   Thomas
                   de
                   Camera
                   .
                
                 
                   1435.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Scroggis
                  
                   ,
                   tenet
                   cum
                   libro
                   .
                
                 
                   1437.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Fyffe
                  
                   ,
                   tenet
                   cum
                   libro
                   .
                
                 
                   1438.
                   
                   Thomas
                   de
                   Camera
                   ,
                   tenet
                   cum
                   libro
                   .
                
                 
                   1439.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1440.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Fyffe
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1441.
                   
                   
                     Matheus
                     Fitchet
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1442.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Marr
                  
                   junior
                   .
                
                 
                   1443.
                   
                   Alexander
                   de
                   Camera
                   .
                
                 
                   1444.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Vaus
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1445.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Vaus
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1446.
                   
                   Alexander
                   de
                   Camera
                   .
                
                 
                   1447.
                   
                   
                     Willielmus
                     Sherar
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1448.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Fyffe
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1449.
                   
                   Ioannes
                   de
                   Scroggis
                   Filius
                   .
                
                 
                   1450.
                   
                   Ioannes
                   de
                   Scroggis
                   Filius
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   1451.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Fyffe
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1452.
                   
                   Ioannes
                   de
                   Fyffe
                   .
                
                 
                   1453.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Marr.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   1454.
                   
                   
                     Andreas
                     Menzies
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1455.
                   
                   Ioannes
                   de
                   Scroggis
                   Filius
                   .
                
                 
                   1456.
                   
                   Ioannes
                   de
                   Fyffe
                   .
                
                 
                   1457.
                   
                   Ioannes
                   de
                   Fyffe
                   .
                
                 
                   1458.
                   
                   
                     Ricardus
                     Kintore
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1459.
                   
                   
                     Ricardus
                     Kintore
                  
                   1460
                   ,
                   1461
                   ,
                   1462
                   ,
                   1463
                   ,
                   1464
                   ,
                   1465
                   ,
                   1466.
                   
                     totidem
                     annis
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1467
                   ,
                   
                     Alexander
                     Cameron
                  
                   1468
                   ,
                   1469
                   ,
                   totidem
                   .
                
                 
                   1470.
                   
                   
                     Andreas
                     Allanson
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1471.
                   
                   
                     Ricardus
                     Kintore
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1472.
                   
                   
                     Andreas
                     Sherar
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1473.
                   
                   
                     Andreas
                     Allanson
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1474.
                   
                   Alexander
                   de
                   Camera
                   .
                
                 
                   1475.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Menzeis
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1476.
                   
                   
                     Andreas
                     Sherar
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1477.
                   
                   Alexander
                   de
                   Camera
                   .
                
                 
                   1478.
                   
                   
                     Andreas
                     Sherar
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1479.
                   
                   Alexander
                   de
                   Camera
                   .
                
                 
                   1480.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Menzeis
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1481.
                   
                   
                     Iacobus
                     Lesty
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1482.
                   
                   
                     Robertus
                     Blinshell
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1483.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Rutherford
                  
                   de
                   Migvie
                   .
                
                 
                   1484.
                   
                   Alexander
                   de
                   Camera
                   .
                
                 
                   1485.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     '
                     Rutherford
                  
                   de
                   Tarlane
                   miles
                   .
                
                 
                   1486.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Menzeis
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1487.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Rutherford
                  
                   de
                   Tarlane
                   miles
                   .
                
                 
                   1488.
                   
                   
                     David
                     Menzeis
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   1489.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Rutherford
                  
                   de
                   Tarlane
                   miles
                   .
                
                 
                   1490.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Rutherford
                  
                   de
                   Tarlane
                   miles
                   .
                
                 
                   1491.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Cullen
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1492.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Rutherford
                  
                   de
                   Tarlane
                   miles
                   .
                
                 
                   1493.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Reid
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1494.
                   
                   
                     David
                     Menzies
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1495.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Chalmer
                  
                   de
                   Murthill
                   .
                
                 
                   1496.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Rutherford
                  
                   miles
                   .
                
                 
                   1497.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Rutherford
                  
                   miles
                   .
                
                 
                   1498.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Rutherford
                  
                   miles
                   .
                
                 
                   1499.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Rutherford
                  
                   miles
                   .
                
                 
                   1500.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Rutherford
                  
                   miles
                   .
                
                 
                   1501.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Menzeis
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1502.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Menzeis
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1503.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Menzeis
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1504.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Lesly
                  
                   de
                   Wardes
                   .
                
                 
                   1505.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1506.
                   
                   
                     Andreas
                     Cullen
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   150
                   ,
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   1508
                   ,
                   1509
                   ,
                   1510
                   ,
                   1511
                   ,
                   1512
                   ,
                   1513.
                   totidem
                   annis
                   .
                
                 
                   1514.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Marr.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   1515.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Marr.
                  
                   1516
                   ,
                   1517
                   ,
                   1518
                   ,
                   1519
                   ,
                   1520.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   totidem
                   annis
                   .
                
                 
                   1521.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Collison
                  
                   ,
                   nota
                   ,
                   electus
                   fuit
                   ante
                   diem
                   ordinariam
                   ,
                   virtute
                   literarum
                   Regiarum
                   desuper
                   directarum
                   .
                
                 
                   1522.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Findon
                   .
                
                 
                   1523.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Findon
                   .
                
                 
                   1524.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Findon
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   1525.
                   
                   
                     Thomas
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Pitfoddels
                   .
                
                 
                   1526
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1527.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1528.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   ,
                   1529
                   ,
                   1530
                   ,
                   1531
                   ,
                   1532.
                   totidem
                   annis
                   .
                
                 
                   1533.
                   
                   
                     Thomas
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Pitfoddels
                   .
                
                 
                   1534.
                   
                   
                     Thomas
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Pitfoddels
                   .
                
                 
                   1535.
                   
                   
                     Andreas
                     Cullen
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1536.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Findon
                   .
                
                 
                   1537
                   ,
                   
                     Thomas
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Pitfoddels
                   ,
                   1538
                   ,
                   1539
                   ,
                   1540
                   ,
                   1541
                   ,
                   1542
                   ,
                   1543
                   ,
                   1544
                   ,
                   totidem
                   annis
                   .
                
                 
                   1545.
                   
                   Georgius
                   Comes
                   de
                   Huntly
                   ,
                   Dominus
                   
                     Gordon
                     &
                     Badzenoch
                  
                   ac
                   locum
                   tenens
                   Generalis
                   Boreae
                   .
                
                 
                   1546.
                   
                   Georgius
                   Comes
                   de
                   
                     Huntly
                     &c.
                  
                   praepositus
                   .
                
                 
                   1547.
                   
                   
                     Thomas
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Pitfoddels
                   ,
                   annuatim
                   electus
                   fuit
                   praepositus
                   ad
                   annum
                   1576.
                   
                
                 
                   1576.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Coullie
                   .
                
                 
                   1577.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Pitfoddels
                   .
                
                 
                   1578.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Pitfoddels
                   annuatim
                   ad
                   annum
                   .
                   1588.
                   
                
                 
                   1588.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Thomas
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Durne
                   .
                
                 
                   1589.
                   
                   Mr
                   
                     Thomas
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Durne
                   .
                
                 
                   1590.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Cullen
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1591.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Rutherford
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1592.
                   
                   
                     Thomas
                     Menzeis
                  
                   apparens
                   de
                   Durne
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   1593.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Cheyn
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1594.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Collison
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1595.
                   
                   
                     Thomas
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Durne
                   .
                
                 
                   1596.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Rutherford
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1597.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Chalmer
                  
                   de
                   Cults
                   .
                
                 
                   1598.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Rutherford
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1599.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Cullen
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1600.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Rutherford
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1601.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Cullen
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1602.
                   
                   
                     Thomas
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Durne
                   .
                
                 
                   1603.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Rutherford
                  
                
                 
                   1604.
                   
                   
                     David
                     Menzeis
                  
                   Senior
                   .
                
                 
                   1605.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Rutherford
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1606.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Cullen
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1607.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Rutherford
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1608.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Cullen
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1609.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Rutherford
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1610.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Cullen
                     &
                  
                   quia
                   vitam
                   obiit
                   penultimo
                   Octobris
                   ,
                   
                     Alexander
                     Rutherford
                  
                   electus
                   fuit
                   in
                   ejus
                   vicem
                   1610.
                   
                
                 
                   1611
                   ,
                   
                     Alexander
                     Rutherford
                  
                   1612
                   ,
                   1613
                   ,
                   1614
                   ,
                   totidem
                   annis
                   .
                
                 
                   1615
                   ,
                   
                     Thomas
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   Cults
                   ,
                   1616
                   ,
                   1617
                   ,
                   in
                   qua
                   anno
                   factus
                   fuit
                   miles
                   .
                   1618
                   ,
                   1619
                   ,
                   1620
                   ,
                   totidem
                   annis
                   ,
                   &
                   quia
                   dictus
                   Dominus
                   Thomas
                   vitam
                   obiit
                   in
                   mense
                   Septembris
                   1620
                   ,
                   in
                   suo
                   itinere
                   in
                   rediundo
                   ab
                   Anglia
                   ,
                   Mr.
                   
                     David
                     Rutherford
                  
                   electus
                   fuit
                   praepositus
                   in
                   ejus
                   vicem
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   1621.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     David
                     Rutherford
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1622.
                   
                   
                     Georgius
                     Nicolson
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1623.
                   ad
                   annum
                   1633.
                   
                   
                     Paulus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   de
                   
                     Kinmundie
                     &
                  
                   eo
                   anno
                   nominatus
                   Dominus
                   Paulus
                   ,
                   miles
                   .
                
                 
                   1634.
                   
                   
                     Patricius
                     Lesly
                  
                   de
                   Eden
                   ,
                   ab
                   Officio
                   privatus
                   14.
                   
                   Januarii
                   1635
                   ,
                   &
                   dictus
                   
                     D.
                     Paulus
                     Menzeis
                  
                   electus
                   fuit
                   praepositus
                   in
                   ejus
                   vicem
                   ;
                   sed
                   postea
                   
                     Patricius
                     Leslie
                  
                   anno
                   1639.
                   electus
                   &
                   restitutus
                   fuit
                   .
                
                 
                   1635.
                   
                   
                     Robertus
                     Johnstoun
                  
                   de
                   Crimond
                   ,
                   remotus
                   fuit
                   per
                   decretum
                   Dominorum
                   Secreti
                   Concilii
                   ,
                   &
                   Mr.
                   
                     Alexander
                     Jaffray
                  
                   de
                   Kingswells
                   virtute
                   dicti
                   decreti
                   ,
                   electus
                   fuit
                   praepositus
                   in
                   ejus
                   vicem
                   .
                
                 
                   1636.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Alexander
                     Jaffray
                  
                   ,
                   de
                   Kingswells
                   .
                
                 
                   1637.
                   
                   
                     Robertus
                     Johnstoun
                  
                   ,
                   de
                   Crimond
                   .
                
                 
                   1638.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Alexander
                     Jaffray
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1639.
                   
                   
                     Patricius
                     Lesly
                  
                   de
                   Eden
                   .
                
                 
                   1640.
                   
                   
                     Patricius
                     Lesly
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1641.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Alexander
                     Jaffray
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1642.
                   
                   
                     Patricius
                     Lesly
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1643.
                   
                   
                     Patricius
                     Lesly
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1644.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Robertus
                     Farquhar
                  
                   ,
                   de
                   Munie
                   .
                
                 
                   1645.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Thomas
                     Gray
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1646.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Thomas
                     Gray
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   mense
                   Februarii
                   .
                
                 
                   1647.
                   
                   
                     Patricius
                     Lesly
                  
                   electus
                   fuit
                   .
                
                 
                   1647.
                   
                   
                     Patricius
                     Lesly
                  
                   electus
                   apud
                   Gilchonstoun
                   ,
                   quia
                   Pestis
                   erat
                   in
                   Urbe
                   .
                
                 
                   1648.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Thomas
                     Gray
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   1649.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Jaffray
                  
                   de
                   Kingswells
                   .
                
                 
                   1650.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Robertus
                     Farquhar
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1651.
                   
                   
                     Alexander
                     Jaffray
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1652.
                   
                   
                     Georgius
                     Morison
                  
                   de
                   Pitfour
                   .
                
                 
                   1653.
                   
                   
                     Georgius
                     Morison
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1654.
                   
                   
                     Georgius
                     Morison
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1655.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Thomas
                     Gray
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1656.
                   
                   
                     Georgius
                     Cullen
                  
                   qui
                   obiit
                   in
                   dicto
                   officio
                   .
                
                 
                   1657.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Jaffray
                  
                   de
                   Dilspro
                   .
                
                 
                   1658.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Jaffray
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1659.
                   
                   
                     Ioannes
                     Jaffray
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1660.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Gray
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1661.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Gray
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1662.
                   
                   
                     Gulielmus
                     Gray
                  
                   qui
                   vitam
                   obiit
                   eo
                   anno
                   .
                
                 
                   1663.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Gray
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1664.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Robertus
                     Patrie
                  
                   de
                   Portlethin
                   .
                
                 
                   1665.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Robertus
                     Patrie
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1666.
                   
                   
                     Gilbertus
                     Gray
                  
                   qui
                   vitam
                   obiit
                   in
                   dicto
                   Officio
                   .
                
                 
                   1667.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Robertus
                     Patrie
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1668.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Robertus
                     Patrie
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1669.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Robertus
                     Patrie
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1670.
                   
                   Mr.
                   
                     Robertus
                     Patrie
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1671.
                   
                   
                     Robertus
                     Forbes
                  
                   de
                   Robslaw
                   .
                
                 
                   1672.
                   
                   
                     Robertus
                     Forbes
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1673.
                   
                   
                     Robertus
                     Forbes
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1674.
                   
                   
                     Robertus
                     Patrie
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1675.
                   
                   
                     Robertus
                     Forbes
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1676.
                   
                   
                     Georgius
                     Skene
                  
                   de
                   Fintray
                   ,
                   ad
                   praesentem
                   annum
                   1685.
                   
                
              
               
               
                 This
                 City
                 hath
                 not
                 been
                 a
                 barren
                 Mother
                 or
                 Nurse
                 in
                 our
                 Israell
                 ,
                 in
                 bringing
                 forth
                 and
                 breeding
                 up
                 many
                 eminent
                 men
                 and
                 brave
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 whereof
                 there
                 might
                 be
                 set
                 down
                 a
                 large
                 Catalogue
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 in
                 bypast
                 years
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 of
                 Men
                 eminent
                 for
                 abilities
                 in
                 their
                 severall
                 Professions
                 in
                 this
                 same
                 Age
                 ,
                 whom
                 I
                 have
                 known
                 by
                 face
                 in
                 my
                 own
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 both
                 in
                 
                   Grammar
                   ,
                   Musick
                   ,
                   Philosophy
                   ,
                   Medicin
                   ,
                   Mathematicks
                   ,
                   Poesie
                   ,
                
                 the
                 Civill
                 and
                 
                   Cannon-Law
                   ,
                   School-Divinity
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Art
                 Military
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 in
                 their
                 Times
                 been
                 not
                 only
                 Ornaments
                 to
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 But
                 lest
                 this
                 might
                 favour
                 of
                 ostentation
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 severall
                 other
                 considerations
                 I
                 forbear
                 ,
                 and
                 shall
                 leave
                 it
                 to
                 any
                 other
                 to
                 performe
                 this
                 task
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 found
                 needfull
                 ;
                 and
                 therefor
                 shall
                 summ
                 up
                 the
                 description
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Elogies
                 written
                 upon
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Citizens
                 and
                 Families
                 thereof
                 in
                 these
                 Epigrams
                 made
                 by
                 DR
                 .
                 ARTHUR
                 JOHNSTOUN
                 as
                 followes
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 VIII
                 .
                 The
                 EPIGRAMS
                 of
                 
                   DR
                   .
                   ARTHUR
                   IOHNSTOUN
                
                 ,
                 Phisitian
                 in
                 ordinary
                 to
                 
                   King
                   CHARLES
                
                 the
                 first
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 ABERDEEN
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Arthuri
                   Johnstoni
                   Epigrammata
                   ,
                   De
                   ABERDONIA
                   Urbe
                   .
                
                 
                   Cune
                   populo
                   quisquis
                   Romanam
                   suspicis
                   urbem
                   ,
                
                 
                   Et
                   mundi
                   dominam
                   ,
                   deliciasque
                   vocas
                   ?
                
                 
                   Confer
                   
                     Aberdoniam
                     ,
                     Thytis
                  
                   hanc
                   servilibus
                   undis
                
                 
                   Alluit
                   ,
                   Urbs
                   famulo
                   nec
                   procul
                   illa
                   mari
                   est
                   .
                
                 
                   Utraque
                   fulta
                   jugis
                   subjectos
                   despicit
                   amnes
                   :
                
                 
                   Utraque
                   fulminea
                   spirat
                   ab
                   arce
                   minas
                   .
                
                 
                   Illa
                   suos
                   Fabios
                   ,
                   invictaque
                   Fulmina
                   belli
                
                 
                   Scipiadas
                   jactat
                   ,
                   Caesariamque
                   domum
                   .
                
                 
                   Mennesios
                   Urbs
                   haec
                   proceres
                   ,
                   Gentemque
                   Culenam
                   ,
                
                 
                   Et
                   Collissonios
                   ,
                   Lausoniosque
                   patres
                   .
                
                 
                   Urbe
                   Quirinali
                   minor
                   est
                   Urbs
                   Grampica
                   ,
                   Caves
                
                 
                   Sunt
                   tamen
                   HIG
                   Animis
                   ,
                   Ingeniisque
                   pares
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   
                   Englished
                   thus
                   ,
                   by
                   I.
                   B
                   ,
                
                 
                   Who
                   e're
                   thou
                   art
                   ,
                   that
                   Rome
                   do'st
                   magnifie
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   her
                   extoll
                   as
                   people
                   fondly
                   ,
                   do
                   :
                
                 
                   Entitling
                   her
                   the
                   Earths
                   delight
                   and
                   Queen
                   ,
                
                 
                   Compare
                   with
                   her
                   the
                   City
                   ABERDEEN
                   :
                
                 
                   A
                   City
                   which
                   doth
                   neighbour
                   with
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   which
                   the
                   Oceans
                   waves
                   do
                   constantlie
                
                 
                   Flow
                   up
                   at
                   Handmaids
                   ;
                   yet
                   ere
                   they
                   approach
                
                 
                   They
                   stoop
                   as
                   fearing
                   too
                   far
                   to
                   encroach
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   lofty
                   hills
                   both
                   Cities
                   view
                   with
                   pryd
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   little
                   Brooks
                   which
                   through
                   the
                   Vallayes
                   glyd
                   :
                
                 
                   Both
                   from
                   their
                   stately
                   and
                   their
                   thundering
                   Tower
                   ,
                
                 
                   Defye
                   with
                   threatnings
                   all
                   unfriendly
                   power
                   .
                
                 
                   Rome
                   of
                   her
                   Tabii
                   and
                   unconquer'd
                   Hosts
                   ,
                
                 
                   Of
                   Scipios
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   great
                   Caesars
                   boasts
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   CITY
                   of
                   her
                   Menzeises
                   great
                   worth
                   ,
                
                 
                   Of
                   Cullens
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   Lawsons
                   here
                   brought
                   forth
                   ;
                
                 
                   And
                   Collisons
                   ,
                   all
                   men
                   of
                   great
                   esteem
                   :
                
                 
                   Of
                   these
                   she
                   boasts
                   ,
                   these
                   doth
                   her
                   Glory
                   deem
                
                 
                   I●
                   Bigness
                   may
                   'mongst
                   Praises
                   reckned
                   be
                   ,
                
                 
                   Rome
                   is
                   indeed
                   of
                   greater
                   bulk
                   then
                   She
                   ;
                
                 
                   But
                   in
                   all
                   Gifts
                   ,
                   and
                   Ornaments
                   of
                   mind
                   ,
                
                 
                   Rome
                   may
                   her
                   Equalls
                   in
                   this
                   CITY
                   find
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   ABERDONIA-NOVA
                   .
                
                 
                   URBS-NOVA
                   piscosi
                   quam
                   dictant
                   ostia
                   DEVAE
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     Urbibus
                     Antiquis
                  
                   praeripit
                   omne
                   decus
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Hanc
                     DELUBRA
                  
                   A
                   beant
                   totum
                   Cantata
                   per
                   Orbem
                   ,
                
                 
                   Templaque
                   mortali
                   non
                   fabricata
                   manu
                   .
                
                 
                   Haec
                   prope
                   Romuleis
                   Aedes
                   Sacrata
                   Camaenis
                
                 
                   Surgit
                   ,
                   Athenaeum
                   non
                   procul
                   Inde
                   vides
                   .
                
                 
                   Ardua
                   sideriis
                   rutilant
                   Praetoria
                   primis
                   ,
                
                 
                   Hic
                   ubi
                   planities
                   panditur
                   ampla
                   fori
                   .
                
                 
                   Adspicis
                   hic
                   Procerum
                   vicina
                   palatia
                   Coelo
                   ,
                
                 
                   Et
                   Populi
                   pictos
                   ,
                   
                     Aureolosque
                     Lares
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Quid
                   memorem
                   
                     ternos
                     ,
                     trita
                     propugnacula
                  
                   ,
                   colles
                
                 
                   Qualibus
                   Urbs
                   surgit
                   qua
                   
                     caput
                     Orbis
                  
                   erat
                   .
                
                 
                   Hanc
                   quoque
                   
                     Lanaris
                     Mons
                  
                   ornat
                   ,
                   amaenior
                   illis
                   ,
                
                 
                   Hinc
                   
                     ferrugineis
                     SPADA
                  
                   colorat
                   aquis
                   .
                
                 
                   Inde
                   
                     Suburbanum
                     JAMESONI
                  
                   despicis
                   Hortum
                   ,
                
                 
                   Qu●●
                   Domini
                   pictum
                   suspicor
                   esse
                   manu
                   .
                
                 
                   Salmonum
                   dat
                   DEVA
                   greges
                   ,
                   maris
                   equora
                   gazas
                   ,
                
                 
                   Memphi
                   ,
                   tuas
                   ,
                   &
                   quas
                   India
                   jactat
                   opes
                   .
                
                 
                   Pons
                   septem
                   gemino
                   cameratus
                   fornice
                   DEVAM
                
                 
                   Integit
                   ,
                   
                     AUTHOREM
                     juncta
                     Tiara
                  
                   notat
                   .
                
                 
                   Haec
                   celebret
                   Vulgus
                   .
                   solos
                   Ego
                   prae●ico
                   Cives
                   ,
                
                 
                   His
                   collata
                   nihil
                   caetera
                   laudis
                   habent
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Martia
                     mens
                  
                   illos
                   commendat
                   &
                   
                     aurea
                     virtus
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   Rebus
                   ●●
                   in
                   dubiis
                   saepe
                   probata
                   Fides
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Hospita
                     Gens
                  
                   haec
                   est
                   &
                   Comis
                   &
                   
                     annula
                     Divum
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   Quaeque
                   regnunt
                   alios
                   ,
                   huic
                   famulantur
                   opes
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Si
                   locus
                   est
                   meritis
                   ,
                   Urbs
                   haec
                   Regina
                   vocari
                
                 
                   Et
                   Dominae
                   titulum
                   sumere
                   jure
                   potest
                   .
                
                 
                   Caetera
                   Mortales
                   producunt
                   Oppida
                   ,
                   solos
                
                 
                   Urbs
                   haec
                   Haeroas
                   ,
                   Semi-Deosque
                   parit
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Englished
                   thus
                   .
                
                 
                   NEW-ABERDEEN
                   enrich'd
                   by
                   Dees
                   clear
                   streams
                
                 
                   All
                   praise
                   from
                   Ancient
                   Cities
                   justly
                   claims
                   ;
                
                 
                   It
                   's
                   bless'd
                   with
                   Churches
                   famous
                   in
                   all
                   lands
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   Temples
                   framed
                   by
                   no
                   mortall
                   hands
                   .
                
                 
                   Muses
                   alse
                   famous
                   as
                   once
                   Rome
                   did
                   grace
                   ,
                
                 
                   Have
                   hallowed
                   a
                   House
                   into
                   this
                   place
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Colledge
                   may
                   be
                   seen
                   not
                   far
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                
                 
                   Where
                   Learning
                   fixed
                   hath
                   its
                   residence
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Mercat-place
                   where
                   men
                   resort
                   for
                   gain
                   ,
                
                 
                   Is
                   stretched
                   out
                   into
                   a
                   spacious
                   Plain
                   :
                
                 
                   There
                   you
                   the
                   stately
                   Judgement-House
                   may
                   view
                
                 
                   Whose
                   Battlements
                   are
                   of
                   a
                   Starry-Hew
                   :
                
                 
                   There
                   Palaces
                   of
                   Peers
                   you
                   may
                   espy
                   ,
                
                 
                   Whose
                   Lofty-Tops
                   approach
                   unto
                   the
                   Sky
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   Towns-Mens-Houses
                   there
                   you
                   may
                   behold
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   garnish'd
                   are
                   and
                   shining
                   like
                   the
                   Gold.
                
                 
                   What
                   need
                   I
                   further
                   the
                   
                     three
                     Hills
                  
                   to
                   name
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   as
                   three-Bulwarks
                   fortifie
                   the
                   Same
                   .
                
                 
                   Like
                   these
                   on
                   which
                   that
                   City
                   doeth
                   stand
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   once
                   as
                   Head
                   did
                   all
                   the
                   Earth
                   cōmand
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Wool-man-hill
                   which
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   out-vyes
                
                 
                   In
                   pleasantness
                   ,
                   this
                   City
                   beautifies
                   :
                
                 
                 
                   There
                   is
                   the
                   
                     Well
                     of
                     Spa
                  
                   ,
                   that
                   
                     healthfull
                     Font
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   Whose
                   Yr'ne-hew'd-Water
                   colloureth
                   the
                   Mount.
                
                 
                   Not
                   far
                   from
                   thence
                   a
                   
                   Garden
                   's
                   to
                   be
                   seen
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   unto
                   Jameson
                   did
                   appertain
                   :
                
                 
                   Wherein
                   a
                   little
                   pleasant
                   House
                   doth
                   stand
                   ,
                
                 
                   Painted
                   (
                   as
                   I
                   guess
                   )
                   with
                   its
                   Masters
                   hand
                   .
                
                 
                   Dee
                   doth
                   afford
                   of
                   Salmon
                   wondrous
                   store
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Neighbour-Sea
                   brings
                   up
                   into
                   the
                   Shore
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Riches
                   whereof
                   Egypt
                   makes
                   her
                   boast
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   Indian-Treasures
                   come
                   into
                   this
                   Coast.
                
                 
                   A
                   Bridge
                   doth
                   reach
                   along
                   the
                   River
                   Dee
                   ,
                
                 
                   Wherein
                   
                     seven
                     double
                     stately
                     Arches
                  
                   be
                   :
                
                 
                   Who
                   built
                   this
                   sumptuous-Work
                   if
                   ye
                   would
                   know
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Myter
                   which
                   is
                   carv'd
                   thereon
                   doth
                   show
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   let
                   the
                   
                     Vulgar
                     sort
                  
                   these
                   things
                   commend
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Citizens
                   to
                   praise
                   I
                   do
                   intend
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   all
                   these
                   things
                   with
                   them
                   compared
                   be
                   ,
                
                 
                   They
                   do
                   deserve
                   no
                   praise
                   no
                   memorie
                   :
                
                 
                   That
                   Martiall-mind
                   which
                   oft
                   appeared
                   hath
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   golden
                   Vertue
                   and
                   unstained
                   Faith
                
                 
                   Which
                   lodges
                   in
                   them
                   all
                   these
                   joyntly
                   doe
                
                 
                   Concur
                   to
                   raise
                   their
                   Name
                   and
                   Fame
                   on
                   high
                   :
                
                 
                   They
                   are
                   a
                   courteous
                   People
                   and
                   a
                   Kind
                   ,
                
                 
                   Men
                   of
                   aspiring
                   Spirits
                   ,
                   and
                   noble
                   Mind
                   :
                
                 
                   Riches
                   which
                   doth
                   the
                   baser
                   sort
                   enslave
                   ,
                
                 
                   They
                   have
                   them
                   ;
                   but
                   they
                   them
                   as
                   servants
                   have
                
                 
                   If
                   Worth
                   have
                   place
                   ,
                   of
                   Cities
                   this
                   may
                   be
                
                 
                   Entitled
                   -
                   Queen
                   ,
                   and
                   claim
                   
                     Sov'raigniti
                     '
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   All
                   other
                   Cities
                   Mortalls
                   bear
                   ;
                   but
                   This
                   ,
                
                 
                   Of
                   Demi-Gods
                   and
                   
                   Hero's
                   Parent
                   is
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   I
                   could
                   add
                   many
                   more
                   Verses
                   in
                   Latine
                   and
                   English
                   upon
                   ABERDEEN
                   ;
                   but
                   being
                   loath
                   to
                   nauseat
                   the
                   Reader
                   I
                   forbear
                   ;
                   I
                   have
                   some
                   Verses
                   made
                   in
                   Latine
                   by
                   Mr.
                   JOHN
                   JOHNSTOUN
                   ,
                   and
                   also
                   some
                   Latine-Verses
                   upon
                   the
                   Learned-Men
                   that
                   lived
                   in
                   this
                   same
                   Age
                   ;
                   but
                   shall
                   forbear
                   to
                   multiply
                   these
                   Poeticall-Elogies
                   :
                   let
                   these
                   suffice
                   to
                   stir
                   up
                   the
                   Citizens
                   and
                   their
                   Posterity
                   so
                   to
                   behave
                   themselves
                   in
                   all
                   their
                   deportments
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   may
                   most
                   imitat
                   their
                   Worthy-Ancestors
                   in
                   every
                   Vertue
                   purely
                   imitable
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   be
                   accessory
                   to
                   occasion
                   the
                   old
                   Renown
                   and
                   Esteem
                   that
                   ABERDEEN
                   had
                   gained
                   ,
                   to
                   fail
                   in
                   their
                   Persons
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IX
                 .
                 Dr.
                 IOHNSTOUNS
                 Epigrams
                 ,
                 upon
                 several
                 of
                 the
                 Royall-Burghs
                 in
                 this
                 KINGDOM
                 ;
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 his
                 Poems
                 printed
                 at
                 
                   Middle-Burgh
                   1642.
                
                 
                 Translated
                 into
                 English
                 ,
                 by
                 I.
                 B.
                 
              
               
                 HAving
                 taken
                 pains
                 to
                 write
                 this
                 Survey
                 of
                 ABERDEEN
                 My
                 Respects
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 Burghs
                 are
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 prevailed
                 so
                 far
                 with
                 my
                 good
                 Friend
                 
                 MR.
                 JOHN
                 BARCLAY
                 Person
                 of
                 -
                 Cruden
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 Translate
                 the
                 Epigrams
                 of
                 DR
                 .
                 ARTHUR
                 JOHNSTOUN
                 out
                 of
                 Latine
                 into
                 English
                 to
                 show
                 my
                 Good-will
                 and
                 Desire
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 evidence
                 my
                 real
                 Respects
                 to
                 them
                 when
                 I
                 can
                 but
                 catch
                 an
                 occasion
                 :
                 The
                 ability
                 of
                 the
                 TRANSLATOR
                 and
                 HIS
                 Justice
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 Latine
                 and
                 
                   English
                   Translation
                
                 of
                 
                   His
                   Epigrams
                
                 on
                 Aberdeen
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 serve
                 as
                 an
                 Embleme
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 follow
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 the
                 Burghs
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 see
                 it
                 needfull
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 set
                 able
                 Persons
                 on
                 work
                 ,
                 to
                 satisfie
                 the
                 desire
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Printed
                   Advertisement
                
                 and
                 Queries
                 thereof
                 ,
                 set
                 forth
                 by
                 SIR
                 ROBERT
                 SIBBALD
                 ,
                 (
                 Physician
                 in
                 ordinary
                 and
                 Geographer
                 to
                 the
                 late
                 KING
                 CHARLES
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 within
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 SCOTLAND
                 ,
                 )
                 for
                 answering
                 the
                 then
                 KINGS
                 Mynd
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 the
                 compleating
                 the
                 Description
                 of
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 Tho
                 these
                 Epigrams
                 being
                 Printed
                 in
                 Latine
                 might
                 satisfie
                 Strangers
                 ;
                 yet
                 I
                 suppose
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 less
                 acceptable
                 to
                 our
                 own
                 Countrey-men
                 to
                 have
                 them
                 in
                 English
                 ,
                 hoping
                 the
                 discreet
                 Reader
                 will
                 not
                 impute
                 the
                 Superstitious
                 or
                 Hyperbolicall-Expressions
                 which
                 appear
                 in
                 these
                 Epigrams
                 to
                 Me
                 or
                 the
                 Translator
                 ,
                 seeing
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 Latine
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 excellent
                 Poets
                 of
                 his
                 time
                 )
                 did
                 expect
                 the
                 Common-Liberty
                 allowed
                 to
                 Such
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   EDINBURGH
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   EDINBURGH
                   may
                   view
                   the
                   Heav'n●
                   at
                   will
                
                 
                   It
                   s
                   built
                   upon
                   a
                   lofty
                   rysing
                   Hill
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Fields
                   and
                   Rivers
                   which
                   its
                   Handmaids
                   be
                
                 
                   It
                   thence
                   views
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Tributary-Sea
                   .
                
                 
                   Here
                   where
                   the
                   Sun
                   displayes
                   its
                   morning-light
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Palace
                   doth
                   present
                   it self
                   to
                   sight
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   Princely-Dwelling
                   under
                   Arthures-seat
                   ,
                
                 
                   Adorn'd
                   by
                   most
                   Ingenious
                   Art
                   of
                   late
                   .
                
                 
                   Toward
                   the
                   West
                   the
                   raised
                   Castle
                   stands
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   with
                   its
                   Thunders
                   giveth
                   loud
                   Cōmands
                
                 
                   A
                   Church
                   appears
                   in
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   Town
                
                 
                   Which
                   is
                   this
                   Cities
                   and
                   the
                   Earths-Renown
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Structure
                   rear'd
                   by
                   Ancient
                   Pietie
                   ,
                
                 
                   Within
                   its
                   Walls
                   all
                   things
                   most
                   stately
                   be
                   ,
                
                 
                   Its
                   gilded
                   top
                   which
                   is
                   of
                   Marble-fine
                
                 
                   Shap'd
                   as
                   an
                   interwoven
                   Crown
                   doth
                   shine
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Hall
                   of
                   Judgement
                   by
                   the
                   Temple
                   stands
                   ,
                
                 
                   A
                   Building
                   of
                   most
                   curious
                   Artists
                   hands
                   .
                
                 
                   Each
                   Citizen
                   hath
                   such
                   an
                   House
                   that
                   It
                
                 
                   Might
                   PEERES
                   of
                   highest
                   quality
                   befit
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   threats
                   of
                   Foes
                   do
                   not
                   make
                   Them
                   affrayd
                   ,
                
                 
                   Nor
                   need
                   They
                   be
                   by
                   their
                   Assaults
                   dismay'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Tiber
                   doth
                   Rome
                   ,
                   the
                   Sea
                   doth
                   Venice
                   fright
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   EDINBURGH
                   defyes
                   the
                   Waters
                   might
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Trust
                   Me
                   ,
                   no
                   City
                   worthier
                   is
                   to
                   be
                
                 
                   With
                   presence
                   grac'd
                   of
                   ROYAL-DIGNITIE
                   :
                
                 
                   And
                   for
                   a
                   KINGLY-CITY
                   none
                   can
                   wish
                
                 
                   A
                   Seat
                   that
                   's
                   more
                   convenient
                   then
                   this
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   TRANSLATORS
                   Addition
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   late
                   pure
                   Waters
                   hither
                   are
                   convey'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Citizens
                   are
                   thereby
                   well
                   supply'd
                   :
                
                 
                   Who
                   views
                   the
                   distant
                   Springs
                   from
                   whence
                   They
                   run
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Conduits
                   which
                   are
                   deep
                   under
                   ground
                   :
                
                 
                   The
                   Wells
                   which
                   in
                   the
                   Street
                   these
                   Streams
                   do
                   fill
                   ,
                
                 
                   Will
                   judg't
                   a
                   Work
                   of
                   more
                   then
                   human-Skill
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   LEITH
                   .
                
                 
                   LEITH
                   ,
                   by
                   that
                   Water
                   which
                   is
                   nam'd
                   by
                   thee
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   thee
                   a
                   thousand
                   Favours
                   granted
                   be
                   ;
                
                 
                   Thy
                   bosome
                   is
                   a
                   safe
                   and
                   happy
                   Port
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   which
                   a
                   thousand
                   Veshells
                   do
                   resort
                   :
                
                 
                   Thou
                   art
                   a
                   Pilot-Town
                   ,
                   thy
                   Ships
                   are
                   such
                
                 
                   As
                   are
                   ambitious
                   to
                   out-sail
                   the
                   Dutch.
                
                 
                   The
                   utmost
                   parts
                   of
                   Earth
                   thy
                   Sailes
                   descry
                   ,
                
                 
                   Through
                   Eastern
                   and
                   through
                   Western-Seas
                   they
                   fly
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Thou
                   knows
                   the
                   paths
                   by
                   which
                   the
                   glorious
                   Sun
                
                 
                   Fullfills
                   His
                   Course
                   ,
                   and
                   where
                   the
                   Moon
                   doth
                   run
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   where
                   the
                   sparkling
                   Stars
                   themselves
                   do
                   roll
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   counts
                   the
                   shyning
                   Signs
                   of
                   either
                   Pole.
                
                 
                   When
                   in
                   the
                   Ocean
                   thou
                   displayes
                   thy
                   sail
                   ,
                
                 
                   Both
                   Wind
                   and
                   Waves
                   to
                   thy
                   Commands
                   do
                   vail
                   .
                
                 
                   Thou
                   worthy
                   Town
                   who
                   hast
                   the
                   Sailing-Art
                   ,
                
                 
                   From
                   Typhis
                   learn'd
                   ,
                   or
                   didst
                   to
                   Him
                   impart
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   LITHGOW
                   .
                
                 
                   LITHGOW's
                   a
                   Noble
                   Town
                   ,
                   first
                   look
                   upon
                
                 
                   Its
                   coastly
                   Temple
                   built
                   of
                   polisht
                   Ston
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   splendor
                   doth
                   the
                   PALACES
                   near
                   by
                
                 
                   With
                   It
                   contend
                   ,
                   which
                   Other
                   shall
                   outvy
                   .
                
                 
                   These
                   Towred-Buildings
                   which
                   more
                   precious
                   are
                
                 
                   Then
                   both
                   the
                   houses
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   by
                   far
                   .
                
                 
                   An
                   unwald
                   Lake
                   is
                   near
                   unto
                   the
                   Town
                   ,
                
                 
                   Wherein
                   the
                   scaled-Flocks
                   float
                   up
                   and
                   down
                   :
                
                 
                   When
                   Grampion-Arms
                   their
                   Enemies
                   defeats
                   ,
                
                 
                   These
                   Ponds
                   afford
                   them
                   their
                   Triumphal-Treats
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   of
                   the
                   Kings-Lake
                   doth
                   enjoy
                   the
                   name
                   ,
                
                 
                   As
                   Caesar
                   that
                   in
                   company
                   did
                   claim
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Lucrine-Lake
                   for
                   Luxurie
                   serv'd
                   more
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   LITHGOW's
                   yeelds
                   the
                   most
                   delicious
                   Store
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   STIRLING
                   .
                
                 
                   Who
                   is
                   by
                   Verses
                   able
                   to
                   set
                   forth
                   ,
                
                 
                   Or
                   to
                   declare
                   the
                   lovely
                   STIRLINGS
                   worth
                   :
                
                 
                   Our
                   KINGS
                   oft
                   in
                   this
                   place
                   of
                   safety
                   ,
                
                 
                   Secure
                   into
                   their
                   little
                   Cratches
                   †
                   ly
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Its
                     Air
                  
                   is
                   pure
                   by
                   Heav'ns
                   near
                   influence
                   ▪
                
                 
                   From
                   Foes
                   assaults
                   no
                   Town
                   hath
                   more
                   defence
                   ▪
                
                 
                   A
                   Castle
                   on
                   two
                   Rocks
                   stands
                   here
                   so
                   fair
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   with
                   Tarpeian-Joves
                   it
                   may
                   compare
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Arched-Bridge
                   here
                   meets
                   FORTH
                   ▪
                   glyding-Streams
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   to
                   its
                   Vault
                   obeysance
                   from
                   't
                   doth
                   claim
                   :
                
                 
                   As
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Phrygian-Coasts
                     Maeander
                  
                   runs
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   winds
                   it self
                   about
                   in
                   various
                   turns
                   :
                
                 
                   The
                   River
                   here
                   doth
                   force
                   its
                   Passage
                   so
                   ,
                
                 
                   Flowes
                   and
                   returns
                   is
                   tossed
                   too
                   and
                   fro
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Traveller
                   whose
                   found
                   of
                   daily
                   change
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   through
                   the
                   Earth
                   with
                   tedious
                   steps
                   doth
                   range
                   ;
                
                 
                   When
                   hither
                   he
                   doth
                   happen
                   to
                   retire
                   ,
                
                 
                   This
                   Town
                   and
                   
                     Countreys
                     Wealth
                  
                   he
                   doth
                   admire
                   .
                
                 
                   These
                   strange
                   things
                   do
                   deserve
                   the
                   sweetest
                   layes
                   :
                
                 
                   But
                   Warlick-Vertue
                   mertits
                   further
                   Praise
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   
                     Roman
                     pride
                  
                   how
                   oft
                   hath
                   STIRLING
                   queld
                   ,
                
                 
                   Their
                   
                     Conquering
                     Swords
                     IT
                  
                   more
                   then
                   once
                   repell'd
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Flood
                   wherewith
                   this
                   Cities-fields
                   are
                   wet
                
                 
                   Did
                   bounds
                   to
                   their
                   
                     O're-running
                     Empire
                  
                   set
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   PEARTH
                   .
                
                 
                   BERTH
                   first
                   ,
                   now
                   PEARTH
                   thou
                   Town
                   of
                   
                     Ancient
                     Fame
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   Art
                   called
                   by
                   a
                   great
                   APOSTLES
                   Name
                   ;
                
                 
                   In
                   Praise
                   thou
                   do'st
                   deserve
                   to
                   have
                   thy
                   share
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   Cleanliness
                   and
                   for
                   thy
                   
                     Wholsome
                     Air
                  
                   :
                
                 
                   And
                   for
                   that
                   River
                   by
                   which
                   thou
                   do'st
                   stand
                   ,
                
                 
                   Whose
                   Streams
                   make
                   fertil
                   all
                   its
                   Neighbouring
                   Land
                   :
                
                 
                   These
                   ruines
                   of
                   thy
                   Bridge
                   we
                   yet
                   do
                   see
                   ,
                
                 
                   It
                   s
                   
                     well
                     cut
                     Stons
                  
                   ,
                   thy
                   Wealth
                   do
                   testifie
                   :
                
                 
                   The
                   swelling
                   Floods
                   their
                   force
                   upon
                   it
                   spent
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Showres
                   made
                   them
                   impatient
                   of
                   restrent
                   .
                
                 
                   Their
                   violence
                   (
                   so
                   HEAV'N
                   will'd
                   )
                   did
                   break
                   down
                
                 
                   That
                   sumptuous
                   BRIDGE
                   the
                   Glory
                   of
                   thy
                   TOWN
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   
                     Grampian
                     Poets
                  
                   to
                   commend
                   ,
                   there
                   's
                   found
                
                 
                   An
                   Isle
                   here
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   
                     Wattrie
                     Streams
                  
                   surround
                
                 
                   A
                   
                     little
                     Isle
                  
                   ,
                   but
                   by
                   the
                   Highland
                   LORDS
                
                 
                   A
                   Battell
                   fought
                   therein
                   to
                   't
                   Fame
                   affords
                   .
                
                 
                   Here
                   the
                   brave
                   Youth
                   the
                   Noble
                   Horses
                   train
                   ,
                
                 
                   With
                   which
                   the
                   Wing'd-ones
                   could
                   no
                   Race
                   mantain
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Isle
                   ,
                   MARS
                   -
                   Field
                   may
                   be
                   intituled
                   ,
                
                 
                   By
                   Light
                   SCOTS
                   Chariots
                   oft
                   enobelled
                   .
                
                 
                   Near
                   by
                   Thee
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   Woods
                   where
                   one
                   may
                   kill
                
                 
                   The
                   Staigs
                   and
                   Roes
                   ensnare
                   ,
                   with
                   nets
                   at
                   will
                   :
                
                 
                   And
                   from
                   the
                   Carse
                   (
                   not
                   far
                   off
                   is
                   )
                   which
                   bears
                
                 
                   Most
                   fragrant
                   Aples
                   and
                   most
                   luscious
                   Pears
                   :
                
                 
                   Whilst
                   thus
                   thou
                   do'st
                   a
                   happy
                   mixture
                   make
                   ,
                
                 
                   A
                   gain
                   with
                   pleasure
                   nothing
                   thou
                   do'st
                   lake
                   :
                
                 
                   And
                   so
                   the
                   Crown
                   of
                   Praise
                   and
                   Dignitie
                
                 
                   As
                   
                     Thy
                     just
                     due
                  
                   doth
                   appertain
                   to
                   Thee
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   DUNDEE
                   .
                
                 
                   An
                   
                     Ancient
                     Town
                  
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   Tay's
                   entrie
                   do
                
                 
                   Willing
                   obedience
                   ,
                   and
                   subjection
                   shew
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   bones
                   of
                   conquer'd
                   and
                   slain
                   Danes
                   are
                   found
                
                 
                   Here
                   scattered
                   ,
                   ill
                   buried
                   in
                   the
                   ground
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   When
                   
                     Genoa
                     thee
                  
                   views
                   ,
                   it
                   doth
                   despise
                
                 
                   ●s
                   Marbles
                   ,
                   nor
                   doth
                   
                     barbarous
                     Egypt
                  
                   pryse
                
                 
                   
                     Her
                     Pyramids
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Gargara
                   doth
                   deem
                
                 
                   ●s
                   Harvests
                   to
                   deserve
                   but
                   small
                   esteem
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Lyburne
                     Land
                  
                   thinks
                   not
                   her
                   Veshells
                   fair
                   ,
                
                 
                   When
                   as
                   she
                   them
                   doth
                   with
                   
                     thy
                     Ships
                  
                   compare
                   .
                
                 
                   Venice
                   her self
                   in
                   poverty
                   thinks-lost
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   Cnidus
                   of
                   her
                   Fishes
                   dare
                   not
                   boast
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Spartan
                     Youth
                  
                   to
                   equall
                   thine
                   doth
                   fail
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     Romes
                     Senators
                  
                   unto
                   thy
                   Consuls
                   vail
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   as
                   an
                   
                     Artless
                     fool
                  
                   should
                   branded
                   be
                   ,
                
                 
                   Who
                   from
                   Tay's-Gulph
                   did
                   beg
                   a
                   name
                   to
                   Thee
                   ;
                
                 
                   Since
                   thou
                   by
                   more
                   then
                   Human-Art
                   are
                   fram'd
                
                 
                   DON-DEI
                   the
                   Gift
                   of
                   GOD
                   thou
                   should
                   be
                   nam'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   GLASGOW
                   .
                
                 
                   GLASGOW
                   to
                   Thee
                   thy
                   
                     Neighbouring
                     Towns
                  
                   give
                   place
                   ,
                
                 
                   ●Bove
                   them
                   thou
                   lifts
                   
                     thine
                     head
                  
                   with
                   comely
                   grace
                
                 
                   Scarce
                   in
                   the
                   
                     spatious
                     Earth
                  
                   ,
                   can
                   any
                   see
                
                 
                   A
                   City
                   that
                   's
                   more
                   beautifull
                   then
                   thee
                   .
                
                 
                   Towards
                   the
                   
                     setting
                     Sun
                     thou'
                     rt
                  
                   built
                   ,
                   and
                   finds
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     temperat
                     breathings
                  
                   of
                   the
                   Western-Winds
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   thee
                   the
                   
                     Winter
                     colds
                  
                   not
                   hurtfull
                   are
                   ,
                
                 
                   Nor
                   
                     scorching
                     Heats
                  
                   of
                   the
                   Canicular
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   More
                   pure
                   then
                   Amber
                   is
                   the
                   
                     River
                     Clyde
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   Whose
                   
                     Gentle
                     Streams
                  
                   do
                   by
                   thy
                   Borders
                   glyd
                   ;
                
                 
                   And
                   here
                   a
                   thousand
                   Sail
                   receive
                   commands
                
                 
                   To
                   traffick
                   for
                   thee
                   unto
                   Forraign-Lands
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Bridge
                   of
                   
                     pollisht
                     Ston
                  
                   ,
                   doth
                   here
                   vouchase
                
                 
                   To
                   Travellers
                   o're
                   Clyde
                   a
                   Passage
                   safe
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Thyne
                     Orchards
                  
                   full
                   of
                   
                     fragrant
                     Fruits
                  
                   and
                   Buds
                
                 
                   Come
                   nothing
                   short
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Corcyran
                     Woods
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   
                     blushing
                     Roses
                  
                   grow
                   into
                   
                     thy
                     fields
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   no
                   less
                   plenty
                   then
                   sweet
                   Paestum
                   yeelds
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Thy
                     Pastures
                     ,
                     Flocks
                     ,
                     thy
                     fertile
                     Ground
                     ,
                  
                   the
                   Corns
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     Thy
                     Waters
                     ,
                     Fish
                     ,
                     thy
                     Fields
                  
                   the
                   Woods
                   adorns
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     Thy
                     Buildings
                     high
                  
                   and
                   glorious
                   are
                   ;
                   yet
                   be
                
                 
                   More
                   fair
                   within
                   then
                   they
                   are
                   outwardly
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Thy
                     Houses
                  
                   by
                   
                     thy
                     Temples
                  
                   are
                   out
                   done
                   ,
                
                 
                   Thy
                   glittering
                   Temples
                   of
                   the
                   fairest
                   Stone
                   :
                
                 
                   And
                   yet
                   the
                   Stones
                   of
                   them
                   how
                   ever
                   fair
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Workmanship
                   exceeds
                   whlch
                   is
                   more
                   rare
                   .
                
                 
                   Not
                   far
                   from
                   them
                   the
                   Place
                   of
                   Justice
                   stands
                   ,
                
                 
                   Where
                   Senators
                   do
                   sit
                   and
                   give
                   Commands
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   midst
                   of
                   thee
                   †
                   APOLLO's
                   Court
                   is
                   plac't
                   ,
                
                 
                   With
                   the
                   resort
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Muses
                   grac't
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   Citizens
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Minerva
                     Arts
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Mars
                     valour
                     ,
                     Juno
                     ,
                     stable
                     Wealth
                  
                   impairts
                   :
                
                 
                   That
                   Neptune
                   and
                   Apollo
                   did
                   (
                   its
                   said
                   )
                
                 
                   
                     Troy's
                     fam'd
                     Walls
                  
                   rear
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   foundations
                   lai●
                
                 
                   But
                   thee
                   ,
                   O
                   GLASGOW
                   !
                   we
                   may
                   justly
                   dee●
                
                 
                   That
                   all
                   the
                   Gods
                   who
                   have
                   been
                   in
                   esteem
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   in
                   the
                   Earth
                   and
                   Air
                   and
                   Ocean
                   are
                
                 
                   Have
                   joyn'd
                   to
                   build
                   with
                   a
                   
                     Propitious
                     Star.
                  
                   
                
                 
                 
                   
                     Upon
                     the
                     Arms
                     of
                     the
                     City
                     of
                     GLASGOW
                     ,
                  
                   viz.
                   an
                   SALMON
                   ,
                   an
                   OAK
                   -
                   
                     Tree
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                  
                   BIRD
                   
                     sitting
                     on
                     it
                     ,
                     a
                  
                   BELL
                   ,
                   a
                   GOLD-RING
                   
                     found
                     in
                     the
                  
                   SALMON's
                   -
                   mouth
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   SALMON
                   which
                   a
                   Fish
                   is
                   of
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   OAK
                   which
                   springs
                   from
                   Earth
                   that
                   
                     loftie
                     Tree
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   BIRD
                   on
                   it
                   which
                   in
                   the
                   Air
                   doth
                   flee
                   ,
                
                 
                   O
                   GLASGOW
                   does
                   presage
                   all
                   things
                   to
                   thee
                   !
                
                 
                   To
                   which
                   the
                   Sea
                   or
                   Air
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     fertile
                     Earth
                  
                
                 
                   Do
                   either
                   give
                   their
                   Nowrishment
                   or
                   Birth
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   BELL
                   ,
                   that
                   doth
                   to
                   
                     Publick
                     Worship
                  
                   call
                   ,
                
                 
                   Sayes
                   HEAVEN
                   will
                   give
                   most
                   lasting
                   things
                   of
                   all
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   RING
                   ,
                   the
                   token
                   of
                   the
                   Marriage
                   is
                
                 
                   Of
                   things
                   in
                   Heav'n
                   and
                   Earth
                   both
                   thee
                   to
                   bless
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   DRUMFRISE
                   .
                
                 
                   Apollo
                   ,
                   from
                   
                     Amphrysus
                     Banks
                  
                   did
                   see
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     goodly
                     Pastures
                  
                   at
                   DRUMFRISE
                   which
                   be
                   :
                
                 
                   And
                   when
                   he
                   He
                   view'd
                   them
                   he
                   did
                   freely
                   tell
                
                 
                   That
                   all
                   
                     Admetus
                     Hills
                  
                   they
                   did
                   excell
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   
                     fatted
                     Flocks
                  
                   which
                   here
                   in
                   Meadows
                   feed
                   ,
                
                 
                   Are
                   numerous
                   as
                   Grass
                   which
                   Earth
                   doth
                   breed
                   :
                
                 
                   To
                   
                     Stranger
                     Nations
                  
                   they
                   are
                   sent
                   abroad
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   often
                   do
                   the
                   English-Tables
                   load
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Cornes
                   yet
                   more
                   abound
                   upon
                   the
                   Field
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   River
                   beareth
                   Ships
                   ,
                   and
                   Fish
                   do
                   yeeld
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   store
                   
                     this
                     Town
                  
                   from
                   bounteous
                   Sea
                   doth
                   find
                   :
                
                 
                   
                     Whose
                     Waves
                  
                   are
                   smoothed
                   here
                   by
                   Western-Wind
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Diana's
                     Temple
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   else
                   which
                   grace
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Greeks
                     Land
                  
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Temple
                   here
                   gives
                   place
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Here
                     Cumming
                     who
                  
                   betray'd
                   his
                   native
                   Land
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     His
                     Blood
                  
                   and
                   Life
                   lost
                   by
                   the
                   BRUCES
                   hand
                   .
                
                 
                   DRUMFRIESES
                   Altars
                   should
                   much
                   honor'd
                   be
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   Here
                   did
                   SCOTLAND
                   gain
                   Its
                   libertie
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   AIR
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     This
                     City
                  
                   doth
                   with
                   Heavens
                   good
                   Gifts
                   abound
                
                 
                   The
                   Air
                   in
                   It
                   is
                   pure
                   and
                   wholsome
                   found
                   ;
                
                 
                   From
                   
                     whence
                     its
                     name
                     it
                  
                   hath
                   ,
                   or
                   from
                   some
                   Mine
                
                 
                   Of
                   Brase
                   ,
                   wherewith
                   Its
                   ground
                   perhaps
                   do
                   shine
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   It
                   s
                   small
                   in
                   bulk
                   ;
                   but
                   in
                   Its
                   worth
                   by
                   far
                
                 
                   It
                   doth
                   excell
                   Towns
                   which
                   more
                   greater
                   are
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   worth
                   
                     smal
                     Gemms
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   biggest
                   Rocks
                   exceed
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   mighty
                   Oak
                   growes
                   from
                   a
                   little
                   Seed
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   overflowing
                   Nilus
                   seven-fold
                   springs
                   ,
                
                 
                   Are
                   unto
                   Men
                   almost
                   unknown
                   things
                   .
                
                 
                   Take
                   Cowrage
                   then
                   ,
                   for
                   
                     Tibers
                     famous
                     Town
                  
                
                 
                   Which
                   Seas
                   and
                   Lands
                   and
                   Empires
                   did
                   tread
                   down
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Great
                   and
                   Mighty
                   Rome
                   it self
                   (
                   its
                   told
                
                 
                   Of
                   it
                   ,
                   )
                   that
                   it
                   a
                   Village
                   was
                   of
                   old
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   HADDINGTOWN
                   .
                
                 
                   Next
                   unto
                   Berwick
                   ,
                   HADDINGTOWN
                   fac'd
                   all
                
                 
                   The
                   greatest
                   dange●s
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   SCOTLANDS
                   wall
                   :
                
                 
                   By
                   valiant
                   Arms
                   oft
                   guarded
                   it
                   from
                   Woes
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   often
                   carried
                   home
                   the
                   Spoyls
                   of
                   Foes
                   .
                
                 
                   By
                   Force
                   ,
                   not
                   
                     Valour
                     ,
                     It
                  
                   hath
                   been
                   o'recome
                   ,
                
                 
                   Gave
                   many
                   Wounds
                   ,
                   when
                   It
                   receaved
                   some
                   .
                
                 
                   Believe
                   it
                   not
                   ,
                   that
                   onely
                   here
                   should
                   be
                
                 
                   Brave
                   Captains
                   and
                   the
                   Flower
                   of
                   Chevalrie
                
                 
                   Who
                   in
                   this
                   City
                   did
                   make
                   their
                   abodes
                   ;
                
                 
                   But
                   here
                   dwelt
                   Scotlands
                   Titularie-GODS
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   The
                   Coast-side
                   Towns
                   of
                   FYFFE
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   tract
                   of
                   Towns
                   by
                   FORTH
                   's
                   -
                   Streams
                   watered
                   ,
                
                 
                   From
                   Northern-blasts
                   the
                   Grampian-hills
                   you
                   shed
                   :
                
                 
                   Neptune
                   you
                   taught
                   to
                   handle
                   Oares
                   and
                   Sailes
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   spred
                   forth
                   to
                   the
                   Clowdy-Southern-gales
                   .
                
                 
                   No
                   Scylla
                   ,
                   no
                   Charibáis
                   ,
                   no
                   such
                   Sea
                
                 
                   As
                   dampt
                   
                     Uli●es
                     Ships
                  
                   you
                   terrifie
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   ragged-Rocks
                   to
                   pass
                   you
                   do
                   essay
                   ,
                
                 
                   Or
                   through
                   quick-Sands
                   ,
                   through
                   these
                   you●
                   force
                   your
                   way
                   :
                
                 
                   And
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   not
                   enough
                   the
                   Seas
                   to
                   plow
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Earth
                     its
                     Intralls
                  
                   must
                   make
                   bare
                   to
                   you
                   .
                
                 
                   You
                   search
                   the
                   Fires
                   which
                   in
                   its
                   bosome
                   be
                   ,
                
                 
                   Scarce
                   from
                   your
                   view
                   are
                   Hells-dark-regions
                   free
                
                 
                   By
                   your
                   unmatched
                   Skill
                   you
                   do
                   not
                   fail
                
                 
                   To
                   cause
                   the
                   Waters
                   into
                   Stones
                   congeall
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Ocean
                   with
                   that
                   Salt
                   your
                   Borders
                   fills
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   Saxons
                   boast
                   they
                   hew
                   from
                   Rockie-hills
                
                 
                   Let
                   SCOTLAND
                   praise
                   your
                   Industrie
                   and
                   Art
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   if
                   It
                   lack'd
                   those
                   Gifts
                   which
                   you
                   impart
                   ;
                
                 
                   Too
                   fie●ce
                   and
                   nipping
                   were
                   its
                   
                     Winter
                     frosts
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   all
                   its
                   Denties-savour
                   should
                   be
                   lost
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   St.
                   ANDREWS
                   .
                
                 
                   Thou
                   wert
                   regarded
                   by
                   the
                   World
                   of
                   late
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Earth
                   affording
                   no
                   more
                   Sacred-Seat
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Thy
                   Temples
                   whilst
                   by
                   Jove
                   with
                   blushing
                   seen
                
                 
                   He
                   his
                   Tarpeian-Chapell
                   thought
                   but
                   mean.
                
                 
                   Had
                   
                     He
                     Diana's-Temple
                  
                   who
                   adorn'd
                
                 
                   View'd
                   thyne
                   ,
                   he
                   his
                   own
                   work
                   had
                   surely
                   scorn'd
                
                 
                   The
                   Vestments
                   of
                   the
                   Priests
                   were
                   no
                   less
                   fine
                   ,
                
                 
                   All
                   here
                   did
                   with
                   an
                   Heav'nly-lustre
                   shine
                   .
                
                 
                   Here
                   SCOTLANDS-PRIMATE
                   in
                   great
                   State
                   did
                   sit
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   whom
                   
                     Its
                     Patriots
                  
                   did
                   themselves
                   submit
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   this
                   thy
                   Ancient-Honour
                   now
                   is
                   gone
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   thou
                   thy
                   former
                   Glory
                   do'st
                   bemoan
                   .
                
                 
                   Thy
                   Temples
                   almost
                   to
                   the
                   ground
                   are
                   laid
                   .
                
                 
                   Thy
                   BISHOPS
                   
                     wonted
                     Grandeur
                  
                   is
                   decay'd
                   ;
                
                 
                   Yet
                   art
                   thou
                   by
                   the
                   Muses
                   honour'd
                   still
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Ministers
                   of
                   Phoebus
                   here
                   distill
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Streams
                   of
                   Learning
                   and
                   an
                   Honour
                   ,
                   this
                
                 
                   No
                   greater
                   then
                   thou
                   well
                   deservest
                   is
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Eastern-Sun
                   who
                   doth
                   the
                   Muses
                   love
                   ,
                
                 
                   It
                   s
                   carefull
                   Rayes
                   darts
                   on
                   thee
                   from
                   above
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   when
                   the
                   Mornings-blushes
                   beautifie
                
                 
                   The
                   Muses-dwellings
                   ,
                   likewise
                   doth
                   the
                   Sea
                
                 
                   With
                   noise
                   of
                   tumbling-Waves
                   to
                   them
                   resort
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   bids
                   their
                   Children
                   make
                   their
                   sleep
                   but
                   short
                
                 
                   The
                   tyred
                   Students
                   in
                   a
                   field
                   that
                   's
                   near
                
                 
                   Refresh
                   themselves
                   ,
                   and
                   do
                   their
                   Spirits
                   cheer
                   .
                
                 
                   Phocis
                   of
                   old
                   did
                   great
                   Apollo's
                   love
                   ,
                
                 
                   As
                   Acte
                   did
                   the
                   wise
                   Minerva's
                   move
                   :
                
                 
                   Both
                   of
                   them
                   now
                   aggreed
                   seem
                   to
                   be
                
                 
                   To
                   have
                   their
                   fixed-Residence
                   in
                   Thee
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   COWPER
                   of
                   FYFFE
                   .
                
                 
                   O
                   Venus
                   wilt
                   thou
                   Residenter
                   be
                
                 
                   'Mongst
                   SCOTS
                   ,
                   choose
                   COWPER
                   as
                   a
                   Seat
                   for
                   thee
                   :
                
                 
                   Near
                   it
                   the
                   Flowers
                   adorne
                   the
                   Hills
                   and
                   Fields
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   which
                   Idalium
                   and
                   proud
                   Eryx
                   yeelds
                   .
                
                 
                   Under
                   the
                   rockie
                   Hill
                   which
                   Herbs
                   o'regrow
                   ,
                
                 
                   Swift
                   Horses
                   running
                   make
                   a
                   goodly
                   show
                   .
                
                 
                   Elis
                   which
                   the
                   Olympick-Games
                   did
                   grace
                   ,
                
                 
                   Did
                   carrie
                   some
                   resemblance
                   of
                   this
                   Place
                   .
                
                 
                   Here
                   may'st
                   thou
                   see
                   the
                   
                     handsome
                     Youths
                  
                   ,
                   whose
                   hearts
                
                 
                   With
                   fyre-Brands
                   thou
                   may
                   smit
                   ,
                   or
                   with
                   thy
                   Darts
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Water
                     Aden
                  
                   ,
                   by
                   this
                   Cities
                   side
                   ,
                
                 
                   As
                   pure
                   as
                   
                     Ac●dalian
                     Streams
                  
                   do
                   glyde
                   .
                
                 
                   Here
                   thou'lt
                   behold
                   the
                   
                     lovely
                     Swans
                  
                   in
                   flight
                   ,
                
                 
                   Here
                   Myrtles
                   grow
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   the
                   Shoars
                   delight
                
                 
                   With
                   these
                   (
                   thou
                   Goddess
                   )
                   shalt
                   environ'd
                   be
                
                 
                   A
                   
                     double
                     Swan's
                     fair
                     wings
                  
                   do
                   carrie
                   thee
                   .
                
                 
                   Thy
                   vail'd
                   Adonis
                   here
                   is
                   blushing
                   found
                   ,
                
                 
                   Crocus
                   hurt
                   by
                   thy
                   Fires
                   doth
                   haunt
                   this
                   ground
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Fields
                   yeeld
                   Corns
                   ,
                   despise
                   not
                   Ceres
                   aid
                   ,
                
                 
                   Without
                   which
                   Love
                   doth
                   quickly
                   freez
                   and
                   fade
                
                 
                   Heer
                   
                     cheerfull
                     Gides
                  
                   delicious
                   Aples
                   pull
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   pleasant
                   Cherries
                   rypned
                   to
                   the
                   full
                   :
                
                 
                 
                   And
                   all
                   the
                   Fruits
                   are
                   here
                   expos'd
                   to
                   view
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   in
                   the
                   fam'd
                   Hesperian-Gardens
                   grew
                   .
                
                 
                   Heast
                   hither
                   Venus
                   from
                   all
                   other
                   Parts
                   ,
                
                 
                   Bring
                   here
                   thy
                   Chains
                   ,
                   thy
                   fire-Brands
                   and
                   thy
                   Darts
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Name
                   of
                   Cypria
                   thou
                   from
                   Cyprus
                   claim'd
                
                 
                   From
                   
                     Cowper
                     ,
                     Cupria
                  
                   thou'lt
                   be
                   henceforth
                   nam'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   FARFAR
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   ruines
                   of
                   a
                   
                     Palace
                     thee
                  
                   decore
                   ,
                
                 
                   A
                   fruitfull
                   Lake
                   and
                   fruitfull
                   Land
                   much
                   more
                   .
                
                 
                   Thy
                   Precincts
                   (
                   it
                   's
                   confest
                   )
                   much
                   straitned
                   be
                   ,
                
                 
                   Yet
                   Ancient
                   SCOTLAND
                   did
                   give
                   Power
                   to
                   thee
                   :
                
                 
                   Angus
                   and
                   other
                   places
                   of
                   the
                   Land
                   ,
                
                 
                   Yeeld
                   to
                   thy
                   Jurisdiction
                   and
                   Command
                   .
                
                 
                   Nobles
                   unto
                   the
                   
                     People
                     Laws
                  
                   do
                   give
                   ,
                
                 
                   By
                   Handy-Crafts
                   the
                   Vulgar-sort
                   do
                   live
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   pull
                   off
                   Bullocks-hydes
                   and
                   make
                   them
                   meet
                
                 
                   When
                   tann'd
                   ,
                   to
                   cover
                   handsome
                   Virgins
                   feet
                   :
                
                 
                   From
                   thee
                   are
                   Sandals
                   to
                   light
                   Umbrians
                   sent
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   solls
                   with
                   latchets
                   to
                   Rope-Climbers
                   lent
                   :
                
                 
                   And
                   Rullions
                   wherewith
                   the
                   Bowrs
                   do
                   go
                
                 
                   To
                   keep
                   their
                   feet
                   unhurt
                   with
                   Yce
                   and
                   Snow
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Ancient
                     Greeks
                  
                   their
                   Boots
                   from
                   this
                   Town
                   brought
                
                 
                   As
                   also
                   hence
                   their
                   
                     Ladies
                     Slippers
                  
                   sought
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   This
                   the
                   Tragedians
                   did
                   with
                   
                     Buskings
                     fit
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   the
                   Commedian-shooes
                   invented
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   not
                   Rome
                   henceforth
                   of
                   its
                   Puissance
                   boast
                
                 
                   Nor
                   Spartans
                   vaunt
                   much
                   of
                   their
                   warlick-Host
                
                 
                   They
                   laid
                   their
                   Yoak
                   on
                   necks
                   of
                   others
                   Land
                
                 
                   Farfar
                   doth
                   tye
                   their
                   feet
                   and
                   leggs
                   with
                   bands
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   BREECHIN
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   fertile
                   Town
                   doth
                   'twixt
                   two
                   Rivers
                   stand
                
                 
                   One
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   one
                   to
                   the
                   Southward
                   hand
                   :
                
                 
                   The
                   Watters
                   down
                   betwixt
                   the
                   Rocks
                   do
                   glyde
                   ,
                
                 
                   Both
                   Bridges
                   have
                   and
                   many
                   Foords
                   beside
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Vict●rie
                   of
                   the
                   Northren
                   KING
                   doth
                   much
                
                 
                   Commend
                   this
                   City
                   ,
                   since
                   its
                   men
                   were
                   such
                
                 
                   As
                   stood
                   and
                   by
                   their
                   Valour
                   vanquished
                   ,
                
                 
                   When
                   as
                   their
                   Neighbours
                   treacherously
                   fled
                   .
                
                 
                   Here
                   is
                   a
                   Bishops-House
                   ,
                   and
                   near
                   to
                   it
                
                 
                   A
                   Tower
                   seems
                   built
                   by
                   
                     Phidias
                     Art
                  
                   and
                   Wit.
                
                 
                   Its
                   bulk
                   so
                   little
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   top
                   so
                   high
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   it
                   almost
                   doth
                   reach
                   unto
                   the
                   Sky
                   :
                
                 
                   
                     Its
                     Structure's
                  
                   round
                   ,
                   look
                   to
                   it
                   from
                   a-far
                   ,
                
                 
                   You
                   would
                   imagin
                   It
                   a
                   Needle
                   were
                   :
                
                 
                   It
                   s
                   built
                   so
                   strong
                   ,
                   it
                   fears
                   no
                   Wind
                   nor
                   Rain
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   
                     Joves
                     three-forked-Darts
                  
                   it
                   doth
                   disdain
                   .
                
                 
                   Compare
                   the
                   Fabricks
                   ,
                   BREECHINS
                   -
                   Tower
                   exceeds
                
                 
                   (
                   Proud
                   -
                   Egypt
                   )
                   all
                   thy
                   stately
                   Pyramides
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   MONTROSE
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Noble
                   Town
                   from
                   ROSIE-MOUNT
                   doth
                   claim
                
                 
                   
                     Its
                     Present
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   from
                   Heaven
                   its
                   Ancient
                   Name
                   :
                
                 
                   Near
                   it
                   's
                   a
                   Hill
                   by
                   which
                   a
                   River
                   glydes
                   ,
                
                 
                   Both
                   which
                   to
                   it
                   
                     Delicious
                     Fare
                  
                   provyds
                   :
                
                 
                   The
                   Hill
                   doth
                   
                     Flocks
                     ,
                     Salmon
                  
                   the
                   Flood
                   brings
                   forth
                   ,
                
                 
                   Or
                   what
                   in
                   
                     Nero's
                     Ponds
                  
                   was
                   of
                   more
                   worth
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Lillies
                   on
                   the
                   Banks
                   refresh
                   the
                   sight
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Roses
                   on
                   the
                   Hills
                   afford
                   delight
                   .
                
                 
                   Towards
                   the
                   East
                   the
                   Seas
                   themselves
                   do
                   spread
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   with
                   a
                   
                     thousand
                     Ships
                  
                   are
                   covered
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   large
                   Field
                   by
                   the
                   Sea
                   is
                   stretched
                   fo●th
                   ,
                
                 
                   Begirt
                   with
                   Waters
                   both
                   at
                   South
                   and
                   North.
                
                 
                   Some
                   Youth
                   train
                   Horses
                   here
                   ,
                   some
                   use
                   the
                   Bow
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   some
                   their
                   Strength
                   in
                   rolling
                   great
                   Stons
                   show
                   .
                
                 
                   Some
                   wrestle
                   ,
                   some
                   at
                   Pennie-stones
                   do
                   play
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   rolling
                   Balls
                   with
                   Clubs
                   some
                   drive
                   away
                   .
                
                 
                   Should
                   Jove
                   or
                   Venus
                   view
                   this
                   Town
                   ,
                   sure
                   He
                
                 
                   
                     His
                     Capitoll
                     ,
                     Her
                     Ida
                  
                   leave
                   would
                   She.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   OLD-TOWN
                   (
                   vulgarly
                   .
                   )
                   called
                   OLD-ABERDEEN
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Pious
                   BISHOP
                   dwells
                   and
                   rules
                   in
                   thee
                   .
                
                 
                   Don
                   makes
                   thee
                   Prosperous
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   neighbouring
                   Sea
                   :
                
                 
                 
                   Don
                   by
                   a
                   wondrous
                   Bridge
                   is
                   overlaid
                
                 
                   Of
                   one
                   Arch
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   Gods
                   belike
                   have
                   made
                
                 
                   Such
                   was
                   the
                   
                     Rhodian
                     Coloss
                  
                   work
                   of
                   old
                   ,
                
                 
                   Where
                   Ships
                   with
                   
                     hoised
                     Sailes
                  
                   to
                   pass
                   were
                   bold
                   :
                
                 
                   Near
                   this
                   the
                   Salmon
                   swim
                   ,
                   and
                   Snares
                   are
                   set
                
                 
                   For
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   are
                   catcht
                   in
                   every
                   Net.
                
                 
                   In
                   thee
                   an
                   old
                   ,
                   and
                   stately
                   Temple
                   stands
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Rest
                   demolisht
                   are
                   by
                   Strangers
                   hands
                   :
                
                 
                   That
                   Temple
                   with
                   two
                   Towers
                   doth
                   rise
                   ,
                   which
                   be
                
                 
                   (
                   As
                   Pharos
                   guids
                   )
                   to
                   Travellers
                   at
                   Sea
                   :
                
                 
                   Phoebus
                   and
                   
                     Pallas
                     Palaces
                  
                   not
                   far
                   ,
                
                 
                   From
                   that
                   fair
                   Temple
                   to
                   be
                   viewed
                   are
                   .
                
                 
                   Buildings
                   fit
                   for
                   these
                   Guests
                   and
                   over
                   them
                
                 
                   There
                   is
                   a
                   Gilded-Cross
                   and
                   Diad●m
                   .
                
                 
                   An
                   Holy
                   BISHOP
                   rais'd
                   this
                   Fabrick
                   ,
                   which
                
                 
                   The
                   KING
                   did
                   with
                   fair
                   Revenues
                   enrich
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   Rome
                   which
                   doth
                   by
                   words
                   her
                   bounty
                   show
                
                 
                   Did
                   Names
                   of
                   Honour
                   upon
                   them
                   bestow
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   many
                   Greeks
                   (
                   who
                   ruin'd
                   Troy
                   by
                   force
                   ,
                   )
                
                 
                   Did
                   not
                   brake
                   forth
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Trojan-horse
                   ;
                
                 
                   As
                   that
                   brave
                   HOUSE
                   of
                   Learning
                   hath
                   brought
                   ,
                   forth
                   ,
                
                 
                   Of
                   Shyning-lights
                   ,
                   and
                   Men
                   of
                   
                     greatest
                     Worth.
                  
                
                 
                   Thou
                   dost
                   not
                   need
                   thy
                   Praises
                   should
                   be
                   sung
                
                 
                   Thou
                   
                     Noble
                     Town
                  
                   by
                   any
                   
                     Strangers
                     Tongue
                  
                   :
                
                 
                   Since
                   by
                   this
                   People
                   who
                   reside
                   in
                   thee
                   ,
                
                 
                   Thyne
                   Honour
                   fitly
                   published
                   can
                   be
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   KINTORE
                   .
                
                 
                   Look
                   to
                   KINTORE
                   ,
                   nor
                   thou
                   ELEUSIS
                   shall
                   ,
                
                 
                   Nor
                   CICILY
                   thereafter
                   fertile
                   call
                   ;
                
                 
                   Its
                   Fields
                   are
                   wat'red
                   by
                   the
                   River
                   DON
                   ,
                
                 
                   Then
                   which
                   in
                   SCOTLAND
                   pleasanter
                   there
                   's
                   none
                
                 
                   Therein
                   are
                   Fishes
                   in
                   such
                   plenty
                   found
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   call'd
                   richer
                   then
                   the
                   Ground
                   .
                
                 
                   Here
                   PEARLS
                   are
                   gathered
                   which
                   much
                   better
                   are
                
                 
                   Then
                   in
                   Hydaspes
                   or
                   Reid-Sea
                   by
                   far
                   .
                
                 
                   Hence
                   was
                   the
                   UNION
                   into
                   EGYPT
                   sent
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   CLEOPATRA
                   on
                   a
                   
                     vain
                     Intent
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     Her
                     Humour
                  
                   and
                   
                     her
                     Pride
                  
                   to
                   gratifie
                   ,
                
                 
                   In
                   Vinager
                   would
                   have
                   dissolv'd
                   to
                   be
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   People
                   yearly
                   view
                   into
                   this
                   place
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   SCOTISH
                   -
                   Youth
                   to
                   run
                   the
                   Horses-Race
                   :
                
                 
                   His
                   Boon
                   who
                   doth
                   the
                   rest
                   o'recome
                   by
                   speed
                   ,
                
                 
                   Is
                   such
                   as
                   doth
                   th'OLYMPICK
                   -
                   Pryze
                   exceed
                   .
                
                 
                   Here
                   first
                   I
                   suck't
                   the
                   
                     Muses
                     breasts
                  
                   when
                   young
                   ,
                
                 
                   It
                   was
                   here
                   first
                   I
                   learn'd
                   the
                   Latine-Tongue
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   ATHENS
                   by
                   MAEONIAN
                   Songs
                   be
                   rais'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   It
                   's
                   fit
                   KINTORE
                   be
                   by
                   MY
                   Verses
                   prais'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   INVERURIE
                   .
                
                 
                   Thou
                   art
                   the
                   Town
                   I
                   love
                   which
                   URIES
                   Stream
                
                 
                   Doth
                   water
                   and
                   thou'
                   rt
                   called
                   by
                   
                     Its
                     Name
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   DON's
                   Christal-Waters
                   also
                   flow
                   to
                   thee
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   joyn'd
                   to
                   URIE
                   much
                   increased
                   be
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   What
                   is
                   the
                   cause
                   (
                   
                     My
                     dearest
                     Town
                  
                   )
                   that
                   thou
                
                 
                   Can
                   no
                   MIGDONIAN
                   -
                   Pillars
                   in
                   thee
                   shew
                   :
                
                 
                   Why
                   doth
                   there
                   not
                   in
                   Buildings
                   which
                   are
                   thine
                
                 
                   Some
                   PYRAMIDE
                   with
                   splendid-Titles
                   shine
                   .
                
                 
                   Why
                   doth
                   Heath-Shrubs
                   thy
                   lovely
                   Houses
                   stain
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   which
                   the
                   LAWRELL
                   rather
                   doth
                   pertain
                   .
                
                 
                   Here
                   formerly
                   the
                   BRUCE
                   
                     his
                     Foe
                  
                   defeat
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   still
                   hereafter
                   Prosperous
                   was
                   his
                   State.
                
                 
                   Nere
                   thee
                   did
                   STEWART
                   beat
                   the
                   Rebells
                   down
                
                 
                   And
                   with
                   their
                   Blood
                   ,
                   HARLAW
                   almost
                   did
                   drown
                
                 
                   Of
                   thee
                   if
                   I
                   do
                   boast
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   no
                   shame
                   ,
                
                 
                   In
                   thee
                   some
                   speciall-Interest
                   I
                   claime
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Land
                   which
                   Fewell
                   furnisheth
                   to
                   thee
                   ,
                
                 
                   It
                   was
                   the
                   Land
                   of
                   
                     My
                     Nativity
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Near
                   thee
                   it
                   was
                   I
                   first
                   drew
                   
                     Vital
                     Breath
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   I
                   wish
                   near
                   thee
                   (
                   when
                   Old
                   )
                   to
                   meet
                   with
                   Death
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   BAMFF
                   .
                
                 
                   BAMFF
                   near
                   the
                   Ocean
                   doth
                   thy self
                   confess
                
                 
                   In
                   Bulk
                   then
                   Trica
                   ,
                   or
                   Hypaepe
                   less
                   :
                
                 
                   Yet
                   art
                   acknowledg'd
                   by
                   the
                   Neighbouring-lands
                
                 
                   To
                   be
                   their
                   Regent
                   and
                   the
                   Boyne
                   Commands
                   :
                
                 
                   Nor
                   Cornes
                   nor
                   Pastures
                   wanting
                   are
                   to
                   thee
                   ,
                
                 
                   Nor
                   stately
                   Ships
                   which
                   do
                   lanch
                   forth
                   to
                   Sea.
                
                 
                   Thou
                   art
                   adorned
                   by
                   a
                   Temple-great
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   by
                   the
                   Muses
                   and
                   
                     Astrea's
                     Seat.
                  
                
                 
                   A
                   place
                   is
                   near
                   which
                   was
                   a
                   Field
                   untill
                
                 
                   Our
                   Ancestors
                   did
                   raise
                   it
                   to
                   an
                   Hill.
                
                 
                 
                   Hither
                   the
                   Sea
                   flows
                   up
                   to
                   Diveron's-food
                   ,
                
                 
                   A
                   stately-Castle
                   also
                   on
                   it
                   stood
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   
                     Warlick-Fort
                     ,
                     Its
                  
                   rubbish
                   yet
                   appears
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   rest
                   's
                   consum'd
                   by
                   Time
                   ,
                   which
                   all
                   things
                   wears
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Buildings
                   which
                   joyn
                   to
                   the
                   Mercat-place
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Parian-Pillars
                   which
                   uphold
                   them
                   grace
                   :
                
                 
                   Strong
                   for
                   defence
                   ,
                   and
                   specious
                   to
                   the
                   sight
                   ,
                
                 
                   In
                   them
                   doth
                   dwell
                   a
                   Noble
                   
                     Ancient
                     Knight
                  
                   :
                
                 
                   A
                   
                     Vertuous
                     People
                  
                   doth
                   inhabite
                   thee
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   this
                   O
                   BAMFF
                   !
                   thy
                   greatest
                   Praise
                   must
                   be
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   ELGIN
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   ELGIN's
                   Praise
                   the
                   Ancient
                   BAJAE
                   yeelds
                
                 
                   HESPERIAN
                   -
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   brave
                   TEMPE's
                   -
                   Fields
                   :
                
                 
                   Both
                   Sea
                   and
                   Land
                   doth
                   still
                   
                     Thy
                     needs
                  
                   supplie
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   Fishes
                   ,
                   This
                   Cornes
                   doth
                   afford
                   to
                   Thee
                   .
                
                 
                   CORCYRA
                   ,
                   Aples
                   unto
                   Thee
                   hath
                   sent
                   ,
                
                 
                   DAMASCUS
                   ,
                   Pruns
                   ,
                   CERASUS
                   ,
                   Cherries
                   lent
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Bees
                   seem
                   to
                   have
                   left
                   their
                   ATTICK
                   -
                   hyve
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   come
                   to
                   
                     Thee
                     ,
                     their
                     Honey-trade
                  
                   to
                   dryve
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Silver
                     Streams
                  
                   of
                   LOSSIE
                   here
                   doth
                   glyde
                   ,
                
                 
                   By
                   
                     crooked
                     paths
                  
                   unto
                   the
                   
                     Sea
                     they
                  
                   slyde
                   .
                
                 
                   With
                   
                     Stately-Castles
                     Thou'
                     rt
                  
                   environed
                   ,
                
                 
                   Within
                   with
                   
                     pleasant
                     Buildings
                  
                   garnished
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   All
                   Here
                   is
                   lovely
                   and
                   delights
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   the
                   torne-Walls
                   and
                   Rubbish
                   when
                   you
                   see
                
                 
                   Of
                   that
                   Great
                   TEMPLE
                   ,
                   which
                   e're
                   yet
                   appears
                   ,
                
                 
                   Bid
                   SCOTLAND
                   now
                   bedew
                   Her
                   Cheeks
                   with
                   tears
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   INVERNESS
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Town
                   not
                   far
                   from
                   Sea
                   in
                   
                     fertile
                     Land
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   Even
                   near
                   unto
                   
                     Our
                     North-most
                     Coast
                  
                   doth
                   stand
                   ,
                
                 
                   With
                   Palaces
                   of
                   KINGS
                   thou'
                   rt
                   garnished
                
                 
                   And
                   Lakes
                   with
                   Blood
                   of
                   PIGHTS
                   oft
                   coloured
                   .
                
                 
                   With
                   Ness
                   pure
                   Streams
                   thy
                   Borders
                   watered
                   be
                   ,
                
                 
                   Where
                   Ships
                   float
                   and
                   approach
                   for
                   serving
                   thee
                   :
                
                 
                   This
                   River
                   freezeth
                   not
                   by
                   
                     Winter
                     cold
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     Its
                     Water
                  
                   to
                   the
                   Sea
                   flow
                   uncontrol'd
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Earth
                   doth
                   plenteous
                   Harvest
                   here
                   dispense
                
                 
                   In
                   spite
                   of
                   
                     Northern
                     Stars
                  
                   cold
                   influence
                   .
                
                 
                   Thule
                   and
                   Iernie
                   which
                   thy
                   Neighbours
                   be
                
                 
                   And
                   all
                   the
                   
                     Northern
                     Isles
                  
                   send
                   Wealth
                   to
                   thee
                   :
                
                 
                   Forth
                   long
                   ago
                   the
                   chief
                   Command
                   doth
                   claim
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   EDINBURGH
                   yeelds
                   not
                   to
                   thee
                   the
                   Name
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Chief
                   CITY
                   ;
                   yet
                   they
                   eve●
                   shall
                
                 
                   Thee
                   an
                   EMPORIUM
                   of
                   this
                   KINGDOM
                   call
                   .
                
                 
                   Both
                   Nature
                   and
                   the
                   Genius
                   of
                   the
                   Place
                   ,
                
                 
                   Have
                   with
                   this
                   Honour
                   joyned
                   thee
                   to
                   Grace
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   INVERLOCHIE
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Town
                   where
                   KINGS
                   did
                   dwell
                   ,
                   now
                   utterly
                
                 
                   Is
                   ruin'd
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   Ashes
                   here
                   do
                   lye
                   :
                
                 
                   Consuming
                   time
                   
                     Its
                     Forts
                  
                   hath
                   undermin'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   Pights
                   could
                   not
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   'gainst
                   It
                   combyn'd
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   yet
                   there
                   Here
                   remain
                   a
                   Marble-Stone
                   ,
                
                 
                   Let
                   Muses
                   grave
                   this
                   
                     Lasting
                     Verse
                  
                   thereon
                   :
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     none
                     henceforth
                     prefer
                     safe
                     Peace
                     to
                     War
                     ,
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   Evils
                   of
                   That
                   ,
                   do
                   This
                   exceeed
                   by
                   far
                   .
                
                 
                   War
                   to
                   this
                   Town
                   a
                   Mother
                   was
                   ;
                   but
                   Peace
                
                 
                   A
                   Step-Dame
                   hath
                   become
                   unto
                   
                     this
                     Place
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   These
                   are
                   all
                   the
                   Towns
                   upon
                   which
                   DR
                   .
                   ARTHUR
                   JOHNSTOUN
                   wrote
                   His
                   EPIGRAMS
                   ,
                   though
                   there
                   be
                   many
                   Towns
                   that
                   are
                   ROYALL-BURGHS
                   in
                   SCOTLAND
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   three-score
                   and
                   two
                   :
                   Severall
                   of
                   which
                   are
                   comprehended
                   under
                   that
                   Designation
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Coast-side
                     Towns
                  
                   of
                   Fyffe
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Dysart
                     ,
                     Kircaldie
                     ,
                     Anstruther
                  
                   Easter
                   ,
                   
                     Burnt-Island
                     ,
                     Ennerkything
                     ,
                     Kinghorn
                     ,
                     Pettenweem
                     ,
                     Dumfermling
                     ,
                     Anstruther
                  
                   Wester
                   ,
                   
                     Cryle
                     ,
                     Culrose
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   more
                   such
                   like
                   Towns
                   ,
                   on
                   which
                   He
                   wrote
                   no
                   Epigrams
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               THE
               CONCLUSION
               Containing
               some
               few
               Lines
               ,
               Composed
               by
               
                 MR.
                 WILLIAM
              
               DOWGLAS
               Advocat
               in
               EDINBURGH
               ,
               upon
               the
               CITY
               of
               ABERDEEN
               .
            
             
               APELLES
               
                 stareing
                 long
              
               ,
               did
               look
               upon
            
             
               The
               
                 Learning
                 ,
                 Policy
              
               and
               
                 Generous
                 Mind
              
            
             
               Of
               that
               brave
               CITY
               ,
               plac'd
               'twixt
               d
               ee
               and
               DONE
               ;
            
             
               But
               how
               to
               Paint
               IT
               ,
               HE
               could
               never
               find
               :
            
             
               For
               still
               HE
               stood
               ,
               in
               judging
               which
               of
               Three
               ,
            
             
               A
               COURT
               ,
               A
               COLLEDGE
               ,
               Or
               ,
               A
               BURGH
               ,
               IT
               be
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Contents
               (
               
                 or
                 Index
              
               )
               of
               the
               SURVEY
               of
               ABERDEEN
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     I
                  
                   
                     Concerning
                     the
                     Situation
                     of
                  
                   Aberdeen
                   ,
                   Its
                   Longitude
                   and
                   Latitude
                   .
                   Pag.
                   209
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     II.
                     
                  
                   
                     Concerning
                     the
                     Description
                     of
                  
                   Aberdeen
                   .
                   212
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     III.
                     
                  
                   
                     Concerning
                     the
                     Antiquity
                     of
                  
                   Aberdeen
                   .
                   222
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     IV.
                     
                  
                   
                     Concerning
                     the
                     Government
                     of
                     the
                  
                   City
                   of
                   Aberdeen
                   .
                   226
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     V
                  
                   
                     Concerning
                     the
                  
                   Fidelity
                   and
                   Loyal-Duty
                   
                     which
                     the
                  
                   Citizens
                   of
                   Aberdeen
                   
                     have
                     alwayes
                     payed
                     to
                     their
                  
                   Soveraignes
                   ,
                   
                     together
                     with
                     the
                     gracious
                     Rewards
                     conferred
                     thereon
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     signall
                     Evidences
                     of
                     Honour
                     put
                     upon
                     many
                     chief
                  
                   Magistrats
                   thereof
                   .
                   230
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     VI.
                     
                  
                   
                     Concerning
                     the
                  
                   State
                   of
                   Aberdeen
                   .
                   244
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     VII
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     Catalogue
                     of
                     these
                     who
                     have
                     been
                  
                   Provests
                   in
                   Aberdeen
                   ,
                   
                     whereof
                     any
                     record
                     may
                     be
                     had
                     ,
                     either
                     by
                  
                   Scrolls
                   ,
                   Charters
                   or
                   Infeftments
                   ,
                   
                     before
                     or
                     since
                     the
                     burning
                     of
                     the
                     said
                  
                   City
                   .
                   246
                
                 
                   
                   
                     CHAP.
                     VIII
                     .
                  
                   The
                   Epigrams
                   of
                   Dr.
                   Arthur
                   Iohnstoun
                   (
                   
                     Physician
                     in
                     ordinary
                     to
                  
                   King
                   CHARLES
                   
                     the
                     first
                  
                   )
                   
                     upon
                     the
                  
                   City
                   of
                   ABERDEEN
                   .
                   256
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     IX
                     .
                  
                   Dr.
                   Iohnstouns
                   Epigrams
                   ,
                   
                     upon
                     severall
                     of
                     the
                  
                   Royall-Burghs
                   
                     in
                     this
                  
                   Kingdom
                   ;
                   
                     as
                     may
                     be
                     found
                     in
                     his
                  
                   Poems
                   
                     printed
                     at
                  
                   Middle-Burgh
                   1642.
                   
                   
                     Translated
                     into
                  
                   English
                   ,
                   by
                   I.
                   B.
                   261
                
              
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
               
                 It
                 is
                 expected
                 ,
                 that
                 the
              
               Courteous
               Reader
               
                 will
                 be
                 pleased
              
               (
               before
               He
               
                 peruse
                 this
              
               Book
               ,
               )
               
                 to
                 take
              
               notice
               
                 of
                 and
              
               correct
               with
               His
               Pen
               these
               few
               Escapes
               
                 of
                 the
              
               Press
               (
               
                 for
                 the
              
               most
               Exact
               and
               Vigilant
               
                 will
                 have
              
               some
               ,
               )
               whereby
               He
               
                 will
                 be
                 keept
                 from
                 a
              
               Stop
               when
               He
               
                 comes
                 to
              
               Them
               in
               His
               
                 ordinary
                 Reading
              
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     Page
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Page
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Line
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Errors
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Corrected
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     131
                  
                   
                     16
                     ,
                     17
                  
                   
                     Corporation
                  
                   
                     Corruption
                  
                
                 
                   
                     139
                  
                   
                     2
                  
                   
                     agreement
                  
                   
                     arguments
                  
                
                 
                   
                     155
                  
                   
                     11
                  
                   
                     Politita
                  
                   
                     Politica
                  
                
                 
                   
                     194
                  
                   
                     7
                  
                   
                     Volens
                  
                   
                     Voleur
                  
                
                 
                   
                     252
                  
                   
                     24
                  
                   
                     qua
                  
                   
                     quo
                  
                
              
            
             
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A60328-e37480
           
             †
             
               or
               Gradles
            
          
           
             †
             the
             COLLEDGE
             .