A modest and free conference betwixt a conformist and a non-conformist about the present distempers of Scotland now in seven dialogues / by a lover of peace. Burnet, Gilbert, 1643-1715. 1669 Approx. 217 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 76 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A30390 Wing B5834 ESTC R27816 10152305 ocm 10152305 44658 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A30390) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 44658) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1378:10) A modest and free conference betwixt a conformist and a non-conformist about the present distempers of Scotland now in seven dialogues / by a lover of peace. Burnet, Gilbert, 1643-1715. The second edition. [11], 100, 32 p. s.n.], [Edinburgh? : 1669. "Published by order." Attributed to Gilbert Burnet--Wing and British Museum catalogue. Reproduction of original in the Cambridge University Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Dissenters, Religious -- England. Scotland -- Church history -- 17th century. 2003-10 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2003-11 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2003-12 Emma (Leeson) Huber Sampled and proofread 2003-12 Emma (Leeson) Huber Text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A MODEST AND FREE CONFERENCE BETWIXT A Conformist and a Non-conformist , about the present distempers of Scotland . The second Edition . Now in seven Dialogues . By a Lover of Peace . Gal. 5.15 . But if ye bite and devour one another , take heed ye be not consumed one of another . Published by Order . Printed Anno Dom. 1669. The Stationer to the Reader . Reader , ALL the account I can give of this Book , or the Author , is in the following Letter which came to my hands a few dayes after I received these Sheets , and is prefixed to them in stead of a Preface . For the Stationer . THough these Dialogues were brought to you by another hand than my own , yet since it is upon my motion that they came to be Published , contrary to the Authors design , and truly without his order : I think my self oblidged to say somewhat of the Author and the book , and the rather that the Author , not being forward to the publishing of it , will say nothing of Preface himself ; But withall , I am resolved you shall be as ignorant of the Writter of this , as of the Author of the Book . The Author is a person of extraordinary moderation and peaceablness : he can allow any difference of opinion , but such as is incompatible with the peace and quiet of the Church . And though there be some expressions in these Dialogues that would appear tart ; yet it is meerly occasioned by the zeal he hath against that uncharitable spirit , which can allow of nothing that is not exactly of their own way . The occasion of writting in this way , was , that a Book of the same title and nature , printed in England , came to the Author's hands ; and he , being pleased with that familiar way of Writting , thought presently of composing Dialogues suitable to our Differences here , as that was to the Differences of that Nation : If there be any thing in this coincident with that Book , it is in such things as the humours of that unquiet spirit in both Nations are the same . And the Author designs not vanity by these few sheets , written , to my knowledge , in as few houres as they could hardly be transcribed ; But wisheth every one to see the weakness of those grounds upon which such specious structurs are built ; which when they come to be examined , prove but painted sepulchres . The great design of the Author in this small Book , is , to let some well-meaning people , who have a love to godlinesse , see that Religion is not at all concerned in things wherein they do concern themselves very much , and that in contending for the shell we are like to loose the kernell of Religion . The language and manner of Writting , is accommodated to these meaner capacities , who are most apt to be abused , by such as care not , nay , which is very sad , but too true , wish not Religion nor godliness to prosper in the hands of those who differ from them in opinion about externall things , vvhich are not of great moment : as may appear from their persvvading poor souls to take for a mark of zeal that which in al christian Nations is lookt on as a very great mark of impiety , to wit , not going to Church : by which people do shew , in the most signal manner they can , their not owning the worship and adoration of God. The Author meaned no prejudice to any person in vvritting of it , Nor is it published upon any such design , but in hopes that it may inform sincere people . And whoever reads it without prejudice , will I hope judge so of it . Farewel . A modest and free Conference betwixt a Conformist and a Non-conformist , about the present distempers of Scotland . In six Dialogues . DIALOGUE I. Con. YOu are welcome from the West . How are all things there ? Non. Never worse ; The glory is departed from that people : and the power of godlinesse is gone there . God pity that poor place , which was once so Glorious . C. I perceive by your manner of speaking , that you are much concerned in these matters : but I pray you tell me wherein things are turned so much to the worse among you ? N. Alas ! are you such a stranger in Israel , as not to know these things ? are not our gracious Ministers taken from us ? so that the work of God is much born down : the brave dayes of Communions , Preachings , Prayers , are away ; and in stead of the fire was once there , there remain but a few sparks in some secret corners : for , the precious Ordinances are gone . C. What you say upon the matter , I know well enough : but do not apprehend it to be of such importance , as you seem to do . N. What! do not you think it sad , that Christ is not Preached ? C. God forbid but he be ? I do not know how it is in your Country , but I am sure with us Christ is preached very faithfully , but I fear you consider not well what it is to preach Christ ; do you think to tell us only of his death , is to preach him ? N. No , no , but oh how doth my heart melt within me , when I remember how sweetly I have heard the Ministers there , clear up my interest in Christ ? C. May be it was more sweetly then sincerly ; for to tell you of an interest in him , while you are strangers to his Laws and Gospel , is to deceive you : since you can have no interest in the blood of Christ , till you have his Spirit dwelling in you . N. Blessed be God , I know no name to be saved by , but the Name of Christ : And I renounce mine own righteousnesse , and accept of his righteousnesse . C. It is very true , that we are saved by the blood of Christ : but it is as true , that we must be purified by his Spirit , else we are none of his . If by renouncing your own righteousnesse ; you mean , what you naturally can perform without grace , you are in the right , but if you lean so to Christs righteousnesse , as to neglect to be righteous your self , you with Iudas , kiss your Master , while you betray him . And I fear your Ministers studied more to convince you of the need of Christs righteousnesse , then of having any of your own : For indeed it is a cheap Religion , to lean so intirely to Christ , that we do nothing our selves . N. We are far from thinking there is no need of good works : We only exclude them from Justification , which is by Faith only . C. Truly your practices tell , you think there is as little need of them to Salvation , as to Justification , remember the Gospel is plain and simple , and came not to teach men Sophistry or Logick : therefore I shall not contend with you about words or phrases : for as I believe , that Christ came to lay down his life a ransome for our sins ; so if you believe , that without holinesse we shall never see the face of God , we are agreed in this matter . But I wish we all studied to live better , and then our differences would quickly end . N. Yes , I hear some of you are still talking of holiness and peace , but you forget truth : which is so necessary , that without it holiness is but hypocrisie . C. I acknowledge that , if you speak of the fundamental Articles of our Faith. But all truths are not of equal certainty , nor of equal importance : now it is a certain and important truth , that there should be an unity in the Catholick Church ; which is not to be broken , but upon a matter of greater certainty and weight . N. One precious truth is worth all the world : therefore I will not quite one truth for the love of all men . Not a hoof , said Moses . C. If you were required to condemn or deny any thing you judged truth , I confesse you ought to obey God rather than man. But it is another case to quite the communion of the Church ; because they are not , as you think , in the truth : unlesse that truth be of greater importance than is the Article of your Faith , The Catholick Church , and the communion of Saints . And when you are as sure of your call to contend for these truths , as Moses was of the will of God , you may use his words . Let me then examine you a little , how do you know your opinions are truths ? N. Who can doubt of it ? are they not the cause and interest of Christ , his Kingdom and Crown , his glorious work , to which we are all bound by the oath of God taken in the Covenant , whereinto even the children unborn are oblidged . C. If big words prove truths , you are full of them : But remember of whom the Apostle gives this Character , they speak swelling words of vanity . And there is no party but have the same language in their mouth : these are fine contrivances to lead away silly women captive , who would be ready to judge your blustering confidence , an evidence of truth , when a modester way of speaking is suspect of diffidence : whereas in right scales , the one looks like arrogant pride , and the other like the modest Spirit of Jesus Christ. N. How can you deny , that what is now cried down , was the work of God ? C. I confesse it was so the work of God , as the Prophet said , is there any evil in the City , and the Lord hath not done it : but in the sense you take it , it was as far from it , as darknesse is from light . N. How can you speak so , was not sin strangely born down in our dayes ? C. I confesse you studied to represse some sins : so did the Pharisees . But remember the Apostle divides filthinesse , in that of the flesh , and of the Spirit : and indeed , the latter proves a much subtiller and stronger opposition to the Gospel , than the former . It is true , some of these were repressed by you ; though I must add , in a way , scarce suitable to the Gospel : but for other sins , you were very gentle to them , nay , were guilty of them your selves : for they mingled in all you did . N. Now you begin to rail , and I cannot endure to hear those glorious dayes so spoken of . Is this the moderation you so much pro●esse ? C. I love moderation as much as any can , and declare to you once for all , that I have no quarrel at any , for their opinions in these matters : nor shall I labour to disgrace the leaders of your party , by searching into their private escapes ; a practice much used by you against us , your mouthes being ever full of bitter reproaches against some of our way : but it is directly contrary to the Spirit of Christ and his Gospel , wherein we are put in mind to speak evil of no man. I shall therefore from your publick and avowed actions , and printed papers , shew how far you are out of the way of God. And first , what think you of your rebellion ? this was the Soul of your whole work , and your Covenant was a Bond to cement you in this . N. Call you fighting for God and his Cause , rebellion ? C. It is yet under debate , whether it be the Cause of God : Suppose it were , shew me one place in either Testaments , that warrands Subjects fighting for Religion ? you know I can bring many against it ; yea , though the old dispensation was a more carnal and fiery one , than the new one is ; yet , when the Kings of Iudah and Israel made Apostacy from the living God , into ●eathenish Idolatry , some of the Kings of Iudah polluting the Temple of Ierusalem , as did Ahaz and Mannasseh , so that God could not be worshipped there , without Idolatry , yet where do we find the people resisting them , or falling to popular Reformations ? Neither do the Prophets that were sent by God , ever provoke them to any such courses . And you know the whole strain of the New Testament runs upon suffering . N. The law of nature teacheth us to defend our selves , and so there is no need of Scripture for it ? C. This is marvelous dealing , in other things you alwayes flee from reason , as a carnal principle , to Scripture ; but here you quite Scripture and appeal to it : but it seems you are yet a stranger to the very design of Religion , which is to tame and mortifie nature : and is not a natural thing , but supernatural . Therefore the rules of defending and advancing it , must not be borrowed from nature , but grace : The Scriptures are also strangely contrived , since they ever tell us of suffering under persecution : without giving your exception , that we resist when we are in a capacity . And I appeal to your conscience , whether it be a likelier way to advance Religion , fighting or suffering ? since a carnal man can do the one , but not the other . N. How can we neglect the interests of Christ , and let them ruine , when we are in a capacity to defend them ? C. If there were not a God who governs the World , your reasoning might have force : but do you think that God cannot maintain his own right , but the wrath of man must work his righteousnesse ? nay , we see the contrary , for from the beginning , till this day , God hath made the sufferings of his people , the chief mean of propagating Religion ; whereas fighting hath been ever fatal to it . And Christ did begin the Gospel with his suffering , though he could have commanded Legions of Angels for his defence . N. Christ knew it was the Fathers will that he must suffer . C. This shews how little you understand when you speak so : are not Christs injunctions our rule . Since then he forbade his Disciples to draw a sword for him , with so severe a threatning , as whosoever will draw the sword , shall perish by the sword , this must binde us , and what he sayes to Pilate on this ●ead , My Kingdom is not of this world , &c. is so plain language , that I wonder how it doth not convince all . I know there are some pitifull answers made to those places : but they are so irrational , that they deserve not a serious reply , and I am not of an humour to laugh at them : only take notice of this , that if an ingenuous man speak plainly , much more must the God of truth : Judge then whether these unworthy glosses , make Christ likeer a nibling Logician , then the true and faithfull witnesse . N. Then you condemn our first reformation carried on by fighting . C. Since you go to examples , rather begin with the Ages that immediatly followed Christ , in which for three hundred years the Gospel was preached and propagated by sufferings , but never by fighting , though their number enabled them to it , and they were irritated by the cruellest provocations and persecutions : And it is to be supposed , that they who saw and conversed with the Apostles , understood their meaning better than these who lived at so great a distance from them : I acknowledge there was force used in our Reformation ; but so much the worse for that : And you know the enemy sowes his tares , even in that field , wherein the Wheat is sowen . But never alledge to me the president of men , against the expresse Word of God. N. What say you then to these who died sealing their opinion , fighting for Religion , with their blood ? C. You put me to a hard lock , to rake amongst the ashes of the dead : As for those who died , I had that compassion for some of them , that I could willingly have redeemed their lives at the rate of mine own : And I doubt not but many sincerely followed their Conscience in it . But I am far from thinking the better of the Cause , because some died handsomly for it , otherwise I should be reconciled to Atheism , and all Heresies , who want not their pretended Martyrs . But I need go no further then England , at His Majesties Restauration , where the murderers of the late King , died gallantly , ow●ing what they did as the Cause of God. So the seal of a Martyr's blood , is not alwayes the seal of God. N. Well , but why do you remember bygones ? We are now all good Subjects , and do bless God for His Majesties Restauration , and do pray for him more then you do . C. May be so , that he may be of your way ; but , if that be not , I doubt your love to him is very cool . I do not remember bygones to bring an odium upon you , but to shew that a course which was managed by a spirit of Rebellion , was none of Gods. As for your rejoycing at His Majesties Restauration , I scarce believe it , since you will not keep a day of Thanksgiving for it . N. It is not that we scruple the thing , but because you make it a holy day . C. This is very nice , for by holy day we mean ●ot that the twenty ninth of May is a more sacred time , then other dayes : but that the day shall be devoted to holy exercise . N. This should not be enjoyned by the Magistrate , but by the Church , who ought only to order the worship of God. C. I shall not against this alledge the commands of David and Solomon , since you may alledge they were extraordinary persons ; but you cannot say that Esther and Mordecai were such , who enjoyned the observation of Purim , and call that Feast a good day ; and the odds betwixt holy and good is not very great . And although there be no divine order for the Feast of Dedication , yet our Saviour was at the Feast , and in the Temple : though you will not come to Church on the twenty ninth of May. N. Well then , all you can charge upon us is a little disloyalty , but for all that , our way may be the Cause of God : for even the Saints have their infirmities . C. Truly this is so great a one , that I dare pronounce none a Saint , who hath been guilty of it , till he repent of it : But I am far from being at the end of your faults , having but begun with this . The next thing perswades me of your evil way , is , your cruelty and rigour : Did you not force all to take the Covenant , severely punishing such as would not ? And did you not cruelly persecute all those who opposed you ? Truly this hath so confirmed my aversion from your way , that I hope never to be reconciled to this part of it . N. That was a fault too , and many of us are very sensible of it . C. Let not my soul enter into the secrets of bloody men : Your very Leaders , who if they had known any thing of the meek spirit , should have opposed these severities ; not only countenanced , but drave them on , and rejoyced in them . And if they think it a fault , how comes it that none of them offers to disclaim it ? Yea , some of you in your confessions of sins , and causes of wrath , rather tax your courses of too great lenity . N. Whoever may object that , you may be silent ; for what severity have we felt ? how many Ministers are turned out , and people oppressed for not owning you ? C. I must in so far justify the rigour you have met with , as to show it is far short of yours . People are required to do nothing , but live peaceably , and joyn in Worship ; whereas you made them swear to you : and the Ministers are not made swear to maintain the present establishment , and to root out the contrary , as you did ; they are only required to concur in Discipline , and to promise submission to Episcopacy . N. Do you not wonder at my patience , who hear you inveigh so bitterly against us ? but I let you see , a Presbyterian can be calm : I hope you have done . C. Not yet indeed ; I am not trying your calmness , but your conscience , and what I speak , is not to irritat , but to convince you . I shall next take notice of the great insolence and height was among you : I speak not of personal pride , though I coul● say enough on that Head : I only tax your public actings . What insolence was it , to assume bi● names , of the godly party , and the people of God ●nd to call your way , The Cause and Kingdom o● Christ ? Whether looks this like the Pharisees an● Hypocrites , or not ? And in this you were punished with your own weapons : for the Protester● wrung that from the rest of you , and the Independants assumed it from you both . N. I am sure we were the Godly Party , compared to those we had to do with . C. This bewrayes your arrogance : though it were so , you ought not to bear witness to your selves , nor assume such titles . Remember the Pharisee , who said , I thank the Lord that I am not like this Publican . You know the loudest pretenders have not alwayes the justest title . N. I hope now you have done with your scolding . C. This is like all guilty persons , who take every modest representing of their faults to them , as scolding and bitterness ; so did the Jews use St. Paul. It shews the sore or disease is desperate , when the Patient cannot be touched . I have not yet begun to scold , but I have not done with admonishing . Next , How did your Leaders complain of Bishops their medling in matters of State : and yet when the Scene turned , how absolutely did they govern ? Church-men grew the advisers of all businesses , Juntoes held in their houses . And how impudently did the Church countermand the State , Anno 1648. even in Civil matters ? as were the Levying of Armies , and the paying of Taxes . And after the Tragical Catastrophe of the unlawfully called unlawful Engagement , they barred the Nobility from their priviledges as Peers , till they must be satisfied . N. All that was done in order to Religion , which is in the Churches care . C. This is the very Plea of the Pope : and indeed in Politicks , the Pope and the Presbyterians agree in moe things than you think on . By this Maxime all Civil matters must come under Ecclesiastical cognizance ; since every action can be reduced to one of the Tables of the Law. But particularly to medle with War , and matters of Blood , hath been ever judged directly contrary to the Pastoral duty , which obligeth to feed , and not to kill . But I shall add one thing more , which was your Superstition . N. I had resolved to have objected that to you , and I am sure we cannot be guilty of it , since there is nothing we hate more ? C. You know not the true notion of it , and so are guiltier then you are aware of . Superstition is an over-rating of things , as if God were more pleased with them , than indeed he is : And therefore to lay too great weight upon any thing , is superstition . He then that judgeth a thing of it self indifferent , to be necessary : And he that condemns it as unlawful , are equally superstitious . It were a long and tedious story , to let you see how great weight you laid upon many small matters , both in doing and forbearing . But I will leave particulars to your conscience ; and I protest in all I hav● said , I have no other design , but to teach you no● to have mens persons or wayes too much in admiration . N. You have now run out in a long and furiou● career against us : hear me next , reckon the excellent things were amongst us , and I doubt not yo● shall confesse our good did far preponderat ou● evil . C. I shall hear you with all my heart , but in th● mean time let us take a little refreshment an● respite . N. Be it so . DIALOGUE II. ● . NOw let us again resume our discourse , and tell me what great goodnesse was it , which ●o commended your party ; for I love what is good , ●e where it will : and therefore though I be none ●f your party , yet I shall heartily rejoyce to hear ●ood of them . N. I fear you are either so carnal , as not to re●ish things that are spiritual , or so byassed , as not ●o set the due value upon us : But who can doubt we were the people of God , who remember how we bore down sin and wickednesse ? How much good preaching there was amongst us ? What fer●our was on peoples mindes , when they heard Sermons ? What heavenly prayers we poured out to God ? But when I remember our Fasts , and dayes of Communion , my very heart breaks to think these sweet dayes are now gone : Then what delight in Scripture had we , that all our Vulgar were acquainted with it ? How well was the Sabbath observed amongst us ? And what order was there in Families , morning and evening ? All this is now gone . Alas for poor Scotland ! that had once the light of the Gospel so brightly shining in it ! But now , ah , ah , for the darknesse that hath overspread it ! had you but seen what I saw , your very heart would have been ravished with it . C. Truly , I expected to have heard some great matter from you , of the self-denial , contempt of the world , resignation , humility , meeknesse , patience , obedience , charity , abstraction of minde , and the other great heights of Christian Religion ; but you tell me only of their external devotion , which how good soever it be , yet is far from being the Character of a Christian ; since the very Pharisees were eminent in those things . N. I told you , you were carnal , and savoured not the things of God ; you look after morality , as the great matter : but we look after true Christianity . C. If by morality , you mean the affecting a vertuous behaviour , without a dependance on God and Christ , I have as low an account of it as any can have ; but if by morality , you mean a pure and holy Conversation , I doubt it is the greatest and best part of Religion : Without which , the other parts are but hypocrisie and formality . But I shall examine all these things which seem to knit your hearts so much to that way : And shall begin with their diligence in repressing sin . I confesse they had a kind of Discipline : but it was wholly different from the rules of the Gospel , and far short of the ancient Bishops discipline . N. I see you undervalue every thing we did , but I am sure you have no reason for it . C. First then , were not your Church-Sessions like Birla-Courts , where every one came and complained of wrongs , which belonged to the Magistrate : for the Church should only meddle with sins , as they are Scandals , and not as they are injuries . Next , Dilations , according to our Lords rule , should not be received , till the person be first privately admonished by the party offended ; next , by two or three ; and if he be obstinat , the Church should be told : But you observed no such rule . Next you imposed and exacted Fines , which was the Magistrate's work , whereas the Church should take no money , but what is offered in Charity . You also forced people to stoop to your Discipline , for if they refused , you threatned them with the temporal sword : which by the unhappinesse of the times , was too much at your dispose . And this sheweth , that you did not carry on the Gospel , by a Gospel-spirit , though that was ever in your mouthes , but by secular wayes : for , offenders should come and offer themselves to Discipline , and not be driven to it . The time wherein your pennance lasted , was also short : the ancient Bishops did separate offenders , as many years , as you did weeks . It is also clear , you used Discipline to put a temporal shame upon offenders : For you set them in a high place to be gazed upon , whereas they should have been rather set without the doors of the Church . And to conclude , how wretchedly did you abuse this ? subjecting people to censure , for your triffling matters , when you knew they were acting a mock-penitence : and were more zealous to preach against oppositions to your courses , than against the oppositions to the everlasting Gospel . N. Now you tax us for what we were very free of : Was ever sin so boldly reproved , as in our Pulpits ? Our Ministers sparing no rank nor quality . C. I confesse some things , I say not sins , you reproved boldly enough : not sparing the Lords Anointed , whose pretended faults , you , like so many unnatural Hams , were ready enough to publish , when your so doing , could have no other effect , but to irritate his Subjects against him . How often was that sacred Prince charged with Popery , Tyranny , and the Massacre of Ireland ? and that Royal Family termed , the bloody-house ? yea , after his accursed enemies had murdered him , when common humanity should have oblidged you to let the dead alone , and Christianity should have taught you to have had more reverent thoughts of one who died so piously and devoutly ; yet you ceased not to persecute and tear his memorie , which in spite of your malice , will be glorious to all posterity : and that with the height of insolence and barbarity , in the very hearing and presence of his Son , who now reigneth . This was your bold reproving of faults . But how little were you in secret reproving faults ? When you got to the Pulpit , there indeed you triumphed , because you knew none were to oppose you . Now it is certain , reproofs should be begun in private , and not brought to publick ; but upon the obstinate rejecting of private admonitions . And for what end were you often so bitter to absents ? This , and such other things could be upon no other design , but either maliciously to disgrace them , or to get a following among your party , and the name of faithfull , free , and zealous preachers . N. You speak with very great heat and passion , against better men then your self , and better preachers than ever any of your way will be . C. May be so , I wish both they and their Gifts had been seven-fold better than they were : but if I shall judge of them , either by their printed Sermons , or those I have heard , they are no extraordinary things . And first , The half of their Sermons were upon publick matters : and what did these concern the Souls of the poor people ? Was not this for bread , to give them a stone ? Next , for the solid practises of a Christian life , I scarce ever heard them named , except overly . Whom heard you preach against the love of the world , seeking of esteem , quarrelling , seeking of revenge , anxiety and passion ? Vertue was little preached , and far lesse practised . N. I am sure we heard much spiritual Doctrine from them ; for , these are common matters . C. Read our Saviours Sermons , particularly , his longest upon the mount , and you shall finde these to be the great subjects of his discourse : I confesse they are common , but remember the commonest things are often most usefull . As for your spiritual Doctrine , the true heights of spirituality were as little preached , as the living much in abstraction , silence and solitude , the being often in the still contemplations of God and Christ , the becoming dead to all things else , spending dayes and nights in secret fastings and prayers , how seldom were these things spoken of ? N. What then make you of them , since you d● not allow them to be spiritual doctrine ? C. I shall not deny but they were spiritual , bu● I add , they were of a very low size and degree , an● such as could never carry on the Auditors to an● great perfection , and most of them were practise● by the Pharisees . You know they read the Scrip● ture , and knew it so exactly , as no Christians do their Bibles : they observed the Sabbath severly ▪ they prayed many and long prayers . So that these external things , are but the fringes of true Religion . N. We heard Christ and him crucified preached much . C. It was well if ye did , but let me tell you , i● Christ was so preached , as to cry up a bare relying on him , without obedience to his Gospel , as I fear too many did , this was a very antichristian● way of preaching Christ. Next , you got amongst you a world of nice subtilties , which you called Cases of Conscience , and these were handled with so metaphysical curiosities , that I know not what● to make of them : And the people that should ▪ have been driven out of these , into the great practices of a Christian life , were too much flattered and humoured in them . I am sure our Saviour , and the Penmen of Scripture had no such stuff . N. This still discovers your carnal heart : God help you who understand not the wayes of the Spirit . C. Never tell me of other wayes of the Spirit , but holinesse , charity , and humility , &c. I do not deny but some devout people will be under doubtings and fears , but this is a weaknesse which ought not to be fed and humoured in them , and such scruples are to be satisfied in private . But to hear people , who lead but common lives , talk of such things , is unsufferable . I shall not here take notice of their strange methods , which they so much admired in preaching : though I could tell you how our Saviour and the Apostles used none of these : but I shall be sparing in this , it not being of so great , or necessary concernment . N. O but what powerfull Sermons were theirs ! they made my very heart shake . C. I am glad it was so , but see that by power you do not mean a tone in the voice , a grimace in the face , or a gesture and action , or some strange phrases , these indeed affect the vulgar much : but considering people see through them , and value them little . The voice of God was a still voice , and Christ was not heard in the streets . N. But there were many converted by the preachings , and then there was a great love to the word , people running far to hear it . C. Truly I am so far from envy , that I wish from my Soul , where one was converted by you , a thousand had been . But see that by conversion you do not mean only , a change in opinion , or outward behaviour , which might be done upon interest : and remember that there was a kind of Proselytes , even to the service of God , who thereby became more the children of the devil , than they were . And see that you do not mistake every hea● in the fancie for a conversion ; one thing I mu● challenge you of , that you call alwayes you● preachings , the word of God , for to term them so and yet to confesse , you may be mistaken in them is a contradiction , since Gods word is infallible ▪ Your texts indeed are the word of God , but you● glosses on them , are but the words of fallibl● men : Now this was a great Art to conciliat ● hudge veneration and authority to your preachings ; for you called them the words of the Lord and applied all the places of Scripture that belonged to the inspired and infallible preachers , unto your selves , that so you might be Rabbies in deed . N. I , but their lives was preaching , and the● looked like the Gospel indeed . C. I am far from denying that there were ver● good men among you , and there are some of the● whom I know to have the fear of God before thei● eyes : but I must say , they seem to be little advanced above babes in Christ. For your grea● men , how strangely did they involve themselve● in all businesses ? and truly a medling temper , look not like a devout one : but , what great spirituality appeared amongst most of them ? Leaders o● Churches and parties should be alwayes commending God and Religion to people , and truly hear there is little of this in their mouthes ; shrewd presumption that there is not too much o● it in their hearts . N. Alas ! you know us not , we seldom meet but , we expound Scripture , and have spiritual exercise amongst us . C. I confesse you have enough that way , but that looks more artificial and formal , but in your discourse , how few of your words are seasoned with salt , ministring grace to the bearers ? which is a more genuine and native , and so a more convincing way of commending Godlinesse to people . But what great things of devotion , or holinesse , appear amongst you ? who of you despise the world ? give away your goods to the poor ? who bear injuries without resentments and revenge ? who are willing to be set at nought ? who are mortifying themselves even in the lawfull pleasures of sense ? who bear crosses without murmurings ? and for the devotional part , who of you seem to live only to God , and consecrat your time and strength to divine exercises ? truly these things are as little among you as any party ● know : nay , one thing I cannot passe by , that you generally seem so desirous of being noticed i● your Religion ; this is far from our Saviour practice . N. This is all your prejudicat opinion again● us , but had you been ever with us at our Communions , you would have been forced to confes● that God was amongst us . C. I never denied it , for I am far from being ● hidebound , as to affix God to a party , as you to confidentlie do . But for your Communions , I a● not like to be much convinced by them , I cann● like your running so many miles to them , this ●umultaurie and disorderlie ; for if it be the Sacrament it self you value , you may have it neare● hand : but this shews , you idolize men too much ● Next , at your Communions , all your businesse i● to hear and talk , whereas the truest preparation for that work , is , an inward stillnesse and recollection of mind ; and certainly much talk at that time particularly in the very action it self , doth bu● draw out , and disturb the mind : and by reason o● your crouds , you cannot have occasion of such retirement as is necessary at so solemn a time . And to speak plainly , I cannot think persons very devout , who love rather to hear one talk , were it never so good purposes , than to retire inwardly and commune with their own hearts , and with God. Some of you will be many hours in publick worship , and perhaps not a quarter of an hour in secret devotions . It would look like● Christ , to be many hours secret in prayer , and very short in publick . N. I see nothing among us pleaseth you , but we are never the worse for all that . C. Truly I cannot admire what I judge but simple and mean. But another fault about your Communions , was , that you had them so seldom , against the expresse practice of the Apostles , who continued daily breaking Bread : and the whole Church in all ages and places , were frequent in this , which you brought to once a year . And who taught you to separate it from the rest of the solemn worship , and not have it every Lords day ? N. That was , that by the unfrequency of it , it ●ight be the more solemn . C. Then at length you confesse , you use your ●wn devices , to make the worship of God more ●lemn . But it had been much liker the Apostles , ●o have celebrate frequently , but withall to have ●oticed well such as did receive . N. Did you never observe the great devotion ● our worship ? C. Truly I am sorry , I saw so little of it : what ●rreverence is it , that when prayer is in the ●hurch , most of you ●it on your breeches ? is this ●o approach unto God with the reverence be●omes dust and ashes ? notwithstanding of the ex●resse command of Scripture , O come let us wor●hip , and bow down , and kneel down before the Lord ●ur Maker , and you cannot say this was one of Moses rites . N. God looks not to the outward man , it is ●he inward bowing and kneeling of the soul he regards ; and it is your superstition to stand much ●t these outward things . C. But we are commanded to glorifie God , as ●ell with our bodies , as with our spirits . And ●ow unhandsome is it , that we will not testifie that reverence to God , we would shew to a man , were ●he but a few degrees above us ? beside , you who alwayes call for Scripture , ought quickly to be convinced here ? most Scripture-prayers being ●aid , either to be in that posture , or in that which comes next in reverence to it , to wit , standing . Our Saviour kneeled when he prayed to the Father . St. Paul , both at Miletus and Tyre knee● ed down , and prayed with the people : though ● Tyre , it was upon the shore , a pretty inconvenie● place for kneeling . You know how much Scri● ture I can bring , for kneeling or standing . N. But it is written , David sate before th● Lord , and prayed . C. But is not this strange ; that you will brin● one practice , and follow that rather than the co● stant and universal practice registrated in Scripture● Beside , the word there doth not import that h● sate , but rather that he sifted himself before th● Lord. And then you do not consider that praye● was private , and it is undoubted , more solemnit● is necessary in publick , than in the private worship . Why then do you not kneel or stand in Churches● since you do so in secret , and in your Family-wor● ship ? and why not as well , if not rather in the one nor in the other ? truly this bewrayes both grea● weaknesse , and great irreverence . And beside th● irreverence of that wretched posture of ●itting it is so convenient for your ease , that we see mo● sold themselves to sleep in the prayers : and suc● as do not so , seem to listen to the prayer , as the● do to the Sermon , without thinking they are t● joyn in it . And indeed to fit , is so grosse an abus● in prayer , unlesse some bodily infirmity impos● it , that I rather not see you come to our Church● es , than come to them thus to give a bad example . N. But since you named Family-worship , take but notice what order was amongst our Families they looking like little Churches : Our Masters of Families praying , praising , and expounding Scripture , with their Families ; what , was not this a heavenly thing ? C. I do approve of a part of it , and think it a pious and a Christian custome , to have Families worshipping God together , providing the way of it be grave and regular : of which I shall speak afterwards . But for Masters of Families , their expounding Scripture , it is intollerable , unlesse they be very intelligent persons . How patent a way otherwise may this prove , for venting and broaching errours , and heresies ? but I would not have you value this too much : Otherwise I shall send you to the religious houses in the Church of Rome , where they have worship seven hours a day , in a word , those external things make not men good of themselves . N. But I hope you will not condemn private meetings , especially when a Minister is with us for spiritual conference . C. Truly the thing in it self looks fair and well , but since these secret assemblings have been much scandalized , since also they may be a cloak for hatching mischievous practices , and for debauching peoples minds into schism and faction , and to a contempt of the Publick Worship , they are not to be used . Let people meet as oft as they will in Church for Worship : and what is not fit to be said in a Church , is not fit to be said in a Chamber full of people . Such persons as desire resolution for their scruples , ought to ask it in private , and not in these thronged Conventicles . Since in su● matters the more private one be , the more li● he is to the lowly spirit : and the more talking be , he looks liker one that affects a name , and be thought somewhat . The Gospel is a humbl● simple thing , whereas formal affected stuff , loo● like the spirit of pride , and Pharisaical vanity , a● least it gratifies it too much . N. I see you will not allow us the praise w● truly deserve , but it is no matter , our record i● on high . The men in the world alwayes set a● naught the children of God , but at least you can● not deny us this glory , that were long in grea● unity . C. I love not the spirit of detraction , but I con● sess I wonder to see a party cryed up to the Hea● vens for nothing ; since I can speak it with grea●● sincerity , I could never see any thing amongst you that could raise in me any great veneration so● you . And I am sure , what ever do it , your unity will never do it . It is true , as long as you had to● do with these , whom you most unchristianly , and malicióusly called the Malignants , you were one , as Simeon and Levi were : but when ever that was done , you quickly broke amongst your selves and to let see how keen you were upon your contention , even though the ground of your first breach was soon taken out of the way ; yet you kept up your differences , with as much heat , as if they had been the great matters of Christian Religion . How fierce were you one against another , in your Papers , Sermons , and Prayers ? ●ou had so inured the Pulpit to scolding , that in ●any places it was the vulgar Dialect of that place ; ●nd this you did publickly in the sight of the Sun. ●ea , so hot were you on both sides , that you ●ould listen to no accommodation , nor to any ●lew ( they were very few ) who would have brought ●hings to a temper . N. This was our fault , but you exaggerat the ●natter too much . C. I do it but with truth , and to shew that the spirit moved among you , was so contentious , that when you had no bodie to contend with , you fought amongst your selves . Yea , upon the happie revolution ; how hot was the Partie among you which prevailed against the other , and was beginning snaply to depose them , till you were allarm'd that the Bishops were coming in , and so left it to them ? N. Now you are malicious , to inveigh so against us , you know I can repay you in your own coin . I will then go to , and examine your way next . C. I never doubt , but you can scold well , but we have had a sharp bout of it , we will therefore draw breath a little . DIALOGUE III. N. BY all you have hitherto said , one shou● expect there were some extraordina● sublime thing among you ; but he that looks o● must consess , that all these defects you charge● us , are far more amongst you ; besides , you con● short of us , in what you acknowledge was go● amongst us . So that you have all our evil , a● none of our good : And you dare not deny , but our dayes Scotland looked liker a Christian Churc● than it doth at this day . C. Do not mistake me , as if I were so ingage● to any interest , or party , as blindly to defend i● which most of you commit . I am so far Episc●● pal , as to love the Order , and to live in peac● and submission under it . But I never swore sea● ty to any Sect. My hearty wish , and daily earne● prayer to God , is , that all these distinguishin● names were buried , and out of head , that ● with united force we may all joyn to advance th● true and everlasting designs of the Gospel . As fo● the sins many among us are guilty of , I abhor th● thought of patronizing them ; and , may be , som● of us , though we love not in publick to be eve● speaking of the times , whereby peoples mind are easily bribed to a contempt of the Gover● nours ; a sin little noticed by you : yet in secre● mourn for these things as bitterly as any of you ●o . But remember you your selves are guiltier ● the present loosness , than perhaps you think . N. How can that be , since for as bitter as you ●re against us , you dare not charge us with coun●enancing of vice . C. But you make Religion such a cloak to so ●any State-designs , that this makes too many ●mpiously to suspect Religion to be but a design ●f it self . Beside , you drove people to an out●ard compliance with you , in many of your forms , against their hearts , which hath made them nauseat ●t all Religion : not being able to judge betwixt Religion and these mistakes . But that which is of greatest weight , is , that our Saviour knits the abounding of iniquity , with the waxing cold in love ; now , how faulty you are in this , I shall easily demonstrate . N. No peace , saith my God , to the wicked ; you ever charge our hating of sin , as uncharitableness : whereas this is but zeal for God and his truth . C. These are the false glosses you put on things , but take notice of the humour of your people , you are apt to judge us in these matters which are doubtful disputations , and think a man no good Christian except he be of your Party . Next , you are ever listening to , and spreading a great many tattles of us , which are the great subjects of your discourse ; and what can be more uncharitable than this is ? You also carry sourly , and unkindly to us , as if we were of another Religion , and shun all converse or friendship with us : You likewise cast very odious aspersions upon us , as Apostates , Changlings , Time-servers , and th● like . and some of you rail at us , most petulantly : Now whereas you alwayes talk of persecutio● truly it is more on our side than yours : for , t● an ingenuous spirit , if he be not much above a● these things , such usage chiefly when it is universal , is a far greater trial , than to suffer a little i● the world . N. Truly I do not deny , but too much of tha● you speak is true , and I wish there were more charity on all sides . But , are not most of you Apostates , Changlings , and Time-servers ? C. What invidious work is it for you to faste● that Brand , which the Christian Church only stained those with , who fell off from Christianity to Heathenism , upon the leaving of a party ? Looks not this like the spirit of the Devil ? just as if one should apply all the places in the Epistles against the horrid heresies and crimes of the Gnosticks , to every little errour , which you are ready enough to do . And as for changing , except you make it a reproach for a man to grow wiser , it can be none for a man to see he was once mistaken . This generation was engaged by you , ere they could well consider things , to your way , and your oaths , and then you strive to keep them alwayes in a non-age , by telling them they must be stedfast , and that it is a snare after vowes to make enquiry . And what strange doctrine is it , to tax an obedience to the Laws of the Kingdom ( when in our consciences we can so do ) as time-serving ? Nay , perhaps as I hinted before , you are the greater time-servers . N. Well , though I owe charity to your per●ons , yet I owe none to your wayes , and I call what ●s black , black , therefore I can never be reconci●ed to your Episcopacy . C. This head falls asunder in two things ; The one is , a general consideration of that Government ; The other is , supposing it were as you think it , how far you ought to separate from what is ●misse . Now , tell me what are your quarrels at Episcopacy ? N. I cannot think that Church-men should be called Lords , and be great persons . C. This belongs not to the thing it self , but is an addition of the Christian Magistrates ; and , Sir , ●or Lord , and Gentleman , and Nobleman differ but in degree : Since then a Minister , were he never so meanly born , gets the temporal honour of a Gentleman put upon him , why may not the temporal honour of a Lord , be as well put upon a Bishop ? surely this must not be considered by you . N. But they should not Lord over Gods heritage : therefore away with your Lord Bishop . C. If you understand all Scriptures as you do this , you may write excellent Commentaries : for , by Lording , is meant a tyrannical domination , as the word clearly imports , and not a title . Next , Gods heritage , which you apply to the Clergy , is not in the Text. All in the Greek , is ▪ not tyrannizing over your Lots or divisions : and with whatever reason you put down Bishops from being as Noblemen , that same will prove , you Ministers ought not to be Gentlemen , excep● they be born such ; and I sear your Leaders wi● have no minde to this . N. But this is not all : my chief quarrel again● Bishops is , that they are a function of mans de● vising , and no where instituted by God. C. Truly you may speak soberly here , for be● fore I meddle with this , I will shew in a few things that however you talked bigly of jus divinum yet you minded it as little as any could . You● Lay-Elders , though I deny them not to be a good institution , are founded on no Scripture , as no● the most judicious of your party own : For whe● you urge , that because the Apostle gives rules on● ly for Bishops and Deacons , that the other orde● of Diocesan Bishops must be shuffled out ; how a● that same time did you not see , that ruling Elder● were not there ? and the places you alledge fo● them , are so abused , that it appears you fir● resolve to maintain them , and next to seek Scrip● ture-proof for them . The Brethren in the Council of the Apostles , proves too much , that the● are judges of doctrine ; which yet you will no● own . Beside , it is absurd to think that was ● Church Judicature , as shall soon appear . Tha● of ruling with diligence , is fond ; for there , is mad● an emuneration of Christian duties , and if you mak● an office for all there , we shall I have more ranks o● Church-men , then they of Rome have . And it i● palpable , that by helps and Governments , are meant● some extraordinary Gifts . Who would not pity men who build upon such sandy foundations ? N. But what say you to the Elders that rule well ? C. Truly this is far from instituting an office ; for , this speaks of an office then in being ; so , by some other place , you must prove their institution . There are five or six several glosses put on these words , but I protest , I think any of them appears more genuine then yours . That which I conceive the true sense of the words , is , Let such among you as are fixt to rule particular charges , be doubly honoured : but especially those Evangelists , who have no medling with rule , but labour in word and doctrine . Thus you see how ●ill grounded your Elders are . Next , how want you Deacons ? N. It seems you know our Discipline ill , that know not we had Deacons . C. I know very well you had somewhat called Deacons , but this was only a name to deceive the people , who otherwise might have been startled , to have found Deacons in their Bibles , and not in your Churches ; but I tell you , your Deacons are ●o Scripture-deacons , who were not as yours are , Lay-persons , but Ecclesiastick , and separate by the ●mposition of hands for that function , and so were ●o continue . Beside , where was it ever heard of , ●hat a Church-office was taken from any , without ● fault ? whereas you yearly altered your Elders ●nd Deacons . Next , why wanted you Diaconesses , ●nce the Scripture is so particular about them , telling of their order , of their being received to it , of their Qualifications , of their Age , and of their Imployment ? N. Truly I have heard many of our Ministers say , the want of them was a fault . C. Next , why wanted you Evangelists , since there are still men who have peculiar eminencies in preaching ? why should they be confined to one charge , and not to be made to preach over a countrey , as they shall be called ? N. That was an extraordinary thing , which was in the dayes of the Apostles . C. This is well asserted : any thing in Scripture that makes for you , call it ordinary , and what doth not please you , is extraordinary . But truly , since it is impossible to get a whole Church served with such a Ministery , as were to be desired , it seems to be necessary , even in those dayes , to have an office of Evangelists . But further , in what place of Scripture read you your classical Subordination of Sessions to Presbyteries , & c ? This I acknowledge is rational and orderly , but founded upon no divine right . N. How did they of Antioch send up to these at Ierusalem ? and are not the spirits of the Prophets subject to the Prophets ? C. By the last place , it is clear , he is speaking of Parochial Churches , which subjection none deny ; but for the former , it is ridiculous to urge it , since it is certain they of Antioch sent not up to Ierusalem , either as to a Church superior to it , or as to an Oecumenick Council , but to men there , who were immediatly inspired by God : as the Iews consulted the high Priest his U●im and Thummim ; and if that was a Council , then all Councils may speak in their stile , which none but a Papist can say . For to preface our acts , with , It seems good to the Holy Ghost , and yet to say , we are subject to error , is a contradiction . And thus the subordination of your Courts was a meer humane device ; so that if the jus divinum be the rule , the Independants had the better of you . But as for your Discipline , what warrand of Scripture have you for it ? N. The excommunicating the Incestuous person , and the noting those that walk disorderly , &c. C. I do not deny , but there are clear grounds for separating scandalous persons from our Worship ; but , why so many dayes ? and why in a place of repentance ? and why the use of Sack-cloath sometimes ? is not this the device of men ? bring Scripture for it ? N. Sure the Church hath power to do in these things , as shall tend most to order : and the dayes , place , and habit , are but external things . C. Now I have you at a great advantage , though you understand it not . Why may the Church impose such dayes of penitence , and not as well order all for the sins of the year to be in penitence all the time of Lent ? And why is one place made a part for Penitents to be in , and may not another with as good and better reason be made the proper place for Communicating ? And why may not a Church-man officiat in a Surplice , as well as a penitent put on Sack-cloath ? since the one is a ceremony expressive o● repentance , as well as the other is of innocence : and both were equally practised under the Law. N. I confesse , I did not think on these things , but I believe our Ministers have answers to them . C. You may well believe , for you shall never see it , for there is no imaginable difference betwixt them : One thing I confesse , that a man once resolved not to believe a thing , if he have any subtiltie of spirit , will make a shift to say somewhat upon any thing . But I have not done with shewing your difformity with the Scripture-pattern ; since then we were just now speaking of the Council at Ierusalem , why do you not observe that Law ? N. Because that was only to bury the Synagogue with honour , and as for the meats offered to idols , St. Paul takes that away . C. This is like you , still to devise fancies against expresse Scripture ; where sayes the Scripture , that was done to please the Jews ? as for St. Paul , consider that he wrote his Epistle before he went to Ierusalem , and yet St. Iames tels him these things were still observed there ; which shews , that a thing may be obligatory in one place , and not in another : and so , that in these externals , commands are not intended for lasting obligations . Next , why use you not washing of feet , since there is no Sacrament set down more punctually in Scripture ? The Element is , Water , the Action , washing the feet , the Institution , as I have done , so do ye , and ye ought to wash one anothers feet , and the spiritual use of it , is humility . Why do you not therefore use this rite ? N. Why do not you use it , since you cannot refuse the Scripture more than we ? C. For all such matters , I have a clear answer , that in these externals , God intended no perpetual obligation ; and therefore in them I follow the practice of the Catholick Church . Next , in your Worship , why do you not kisse one another with a holy kisse ? why do you not anoint the sick with oyl , as St. Iames commandeth ? N. It is clear , that was extraordinary , for he promises recovery upon the anointing . C. No such matter , it is upon the prayer of faith , that he promises recovery , he also promiseth forgivenesse , and since you pray by all , and do not say that it is more then a mean for their being raised up and forgiven ; why do you not as well anoint , since the Scripture commands it ? But all this shews , that however , with women , and simple people , you talk much of your sticking to the Word , and by your grave nods , and big words would perswade them , that it is so ; yet you are as far from it as any . I shall end all this with an instance of great importance , who taught you the change of the Sabbath ? I am far from speaking against the Church that did so , but you will read the Bible long ere you finde it there ; that of their meeting on the first day of the week , sayeth not , that they antiquated the Saturnday ; that of the Lords day , saith yet lesse for it . N. Well , what make you of all this ? it may well prove , our Church was not perfect ; it never justifies you . Or , do you mean to lay aside the Scriptures ? C. It once checks your insolence , who pretend so big , upon so light grounds ; and it is certainly a directer opposition to Scripture , to neglect what is expresly enjoyned , as you do , than to add in some lesser matters . All I say upon the whole matter , is , that the Scriptures were designed by God , for the purifying the hearts and conversations of men ; and therefore it was not necessarie they should contain direct rules ; for the Church-policy , which being a half civil matter , needs not divine warrands ; and therefore the common rules are in Scripture , that there should be Church Officers , that those should be separate for that Function , that they should be obeyed , that things should be done to order , edification , and peace . These are everlasting obligations , because the reasons of them are perpetual : But the other rules were accommodat to the then state of things ; which altering , they alter likewise . And this is so rational , that I can see nothing to be excepted against it , with any shew or colour of reason . Nay , this looks like the Christian liberty , for , whereas the old dispensation was bound up , and limited to the smallest matters , Christ hath delivered us from that law of Ordinances , and hath made us free . N. This is to take the Crown off Christs head , and to pull him off his Throne , and to deny him King , which was the good confession he witnessed before Pilate , and for which he came into the world ; this also makes him unfaithful , and inferiour to Moses . C. These are fine devices to terrifie simple people , and with such talk you triumph among women , and in your Conventicles . But , how little reason will suffice to let a man see through that canting ? I say then , Christs Crown , his Throne , and Kingdom , is an inward and spiritual one , and not of the world , nor as the Kingdoms of the world : And a great part of his Kingdom , is , the liberty whereto he hath called us , freeing us from the yoke of the former slavery and pedagogy . And since no Allegory holds , it is ridiculous to argue , because offices in a Kingdom are named by the King , therefore it must be so in the Church ; since you may as well say , there must be coin stamped by Christ. Beside , what King will think his prerogative lessened , by constituting a Corporation , to whom he shall leave a liberty to cast themselves into what mould they please , providing they obey the general lawes , and hold that liberty as a thing depending upon him ? Christs faithfulnesse consisted in his discharging the Commission given him by the Father ; of which , whosoever doubts , let him be Anathemae Maranathae . But , who told you , it was in the Fathers Commission ? If you argue from Moses , it will say more than you will grant , that all particulars must be determined : since then , as Moses determines the dayes of separation for a legal uncleannesse , why doth not the Gospel determine the separation ●o● spiritual uncleannesse ? Nay further , consider Moses instituted no Church-Government , in the way we use it ; for that of the Tribe of Levi , and house of Aaron , was only Typical , and to wait on the Temple , and the Worship to be performed there . Beside which , they had Synagogues all the Land over , and wherever they had Colonies in the World , and in these they had their Rabbies , their Scribes , and their Rulers , and their chief Ruler of their Synagogues , which read their Law , performed such Worship as was not tyed to the Temple at Ierusalem , and they inflicted Discipline upon offenders : and these might have been of any Tribe , not only of that of Levi ; and yet our Saviour never challengeth this , but went in to the rulers of their Synagogues ; the like you finde done by his Apostles , and they never declame against it , as an humane invention . Whence it must follow , that you must grant , either what they did , was founded on divine tradition ( which no Christian will grant ) or that a form of Government was devised by men , and yet no unlawful thing . And if the Jews had such liberty , certainly the Christian Church is at least more free , as to these externals . And after all , since Christ is the Head of the World , as well as of the Church , why did not he determine the order of the one , as well as of the other ? N. The odds is very great , for his Church is dearer to him than all the world . C. Why then doth he not determine how his Church should be governed , as to the civil matter , since Justice is a part of his Law , as well as devotion ? and the civil peace , I hope , you will grant , is more necessary to the very being of the Church , than is order in Discipline ; and so it was determined in the old Law , but yet it is left at liberty in the new . And though I should grant , the Church , as Church , is dearer to Christ , then as they are men , a foolish and childish nicety : Yet a King , though he looks most to what is dearest to him , he will have his authority acknowledged in all his dominions : whence it will , with the same parity of reason follow , that since Christ is the King of the earth , there should be no Offices in it , but of his appointment . N. I never loved this carnal reason , it is an enemy to Religion : Our Ministers bring us to the Bible for every thing they say , but you come on with your reason . C. Truly you have good cause to be against reason , for it and you cannot both prevail . If by carnal reason , you mean a sober examining things , by the dictates of Nature ; see that you condemn not that , which is indeed the voice of God in us , and therefor is to be received . And if you make this contrary to Religion , you bring as great a stain upon Religion , as an Atheist could devise : But if by reason , you mean little pittiful nibling with some ill understood , and worse applied distinctions , out of Aristotle and Ramus , as is very frequent among you , that is justly called vain Philosophy . And for Scripture , do not think they build surest upon it , who are ever quoting it fastest ; the Devil did that , and so do all Sects . And thus if you can rightly weigh things , I have said enough to convince you , that in matters of Government , the Church is at liberty : But if you will still go to Scripture , I can positively say , though in it nothing amounts to a demonstration ; There are fairer likelihoods for Bishops , from that of the Angels of the Churches , than ever you shall find in it for Presbytery : but I will not say more of this . Next , let me tell you how soon this Government was in the Church . N. I will not deny , tares sprung very early in Gods Husbandry , but that will never convince me . To the Law , and to the Testimony ; for from the beginning it was not so . C. You do well to possess your self with a prejudice against these Churches ; but think soberly , whether is it likelier , that those who lived so nigh the sacred time , understood the mind of the Apostles better then we do , at the fagg end of an thousand and six hundred years ? As also , whether is it liker , that the Church then , alwayes in the fire of persecution , was purer then she is now ? God bless me from the pride of comparing my self with these worthies , who were honoured to convert the world , and to die for the truth ? N. But Bishops were not in the two first Centuries , as our Ministers say . C. They are grossly ignorant , or disingenuous , who say so , all History being against them : Ignatius Epistles are plain Language . The Apostolical Canons ( a work of very venerable antiquity , at least the first 50 of them , though none of theirs perhaps ) all over , shew the difference was then betwixt Bishops and Presbyters , particularly the 40. Can. The Presbyters and Deacons shall finish nothing without the Bishop's sentence : For , he is intrusted with the people of God , and shall be required to give account of their souls . And the same thing was also enjoyn'd , Syn. Azel . Can. 19. And in Cyprian's time it is undenied , that their power was then well regulate and settled . For though that great Saint and Martyr tells , lib. 3. Epist. 10. That he had decreed in the beginning of his Bishoprick to do nothing without the advice of his Presbyters , yet , Ep. 9. of that book to Rogatian a Bishop , who had asked his advice concerning an affront he had received from a Deacon , he sayes , that by his Episcopal vigour and authority of his Chair , he had power presently to punish him : And towards the end of that Ep. he sayes , these are the beginnings of Hereticks , and the rise and designs of Shismaticks , to please themselves and contemn their Bishop with insolent pride . And it is clear , Presbyters at that time , even in the Vacancy of a See , did not judge themselves sufficiently impowred for Ecclesiastical administration , by what the Presbyters and Deacons of Rome write to Cypr. lib. 2. Ep. 7. saying , That since a Bishop was not at that time chosen , in place of the deceased Fabian , there was none to moderate all things amongst them , who might with authority and advice take account of matters : Sure they thought little of Presbyters , being equal in power to their Bishop , who write so of a Church wherein the Episcopal power might seem devolved on them . But , I believe , few of you know these Writings . In the Council of Nice , speaking of the power of Metropolitans , which was an additional thing to that of Bishops over Presbyters : The Canon sayes , Let the ancient Customs be in force . Now , how this excressing power should have crept into the whole Church , and no mention when it came in , no temporal Princes , nor universal Councils to introduce it , and that at a time of persecution , when the Church was least to be suspected of pride , no Secular consideration being to flatter this power ; nay , on the contrary , they alwayes bore the first brunt of the Persecution ; and how none opposed it , if this was not introduced by Apostles , or Apostolical men , passeth my divination . Neither can any thing be alledged against this , but some few or disjoynted places of some Authors , which at most prove , that they judged not the origine of Bishops to be Divine ▪ But none except Aerius ( branded upon that account with Heresie , both by Augustine and Epiphanius ) ●id ever speak against the difference was betwixt Bishops and Presbyters . And for the few places they alledge , should I reckon up all that from these same Authors may be brought for it , I should grow too tedious . Ierom is he for whom they triumph , but upon very small ground : for , beside that he being but a Presbyter , might have exalted his own dignity to the height , and his fervent ( I had almost said fiery ) spirit , drives him along in every thing to an excesse ; as may appear from , not only his ingadgements with Iovin . Vigilan . and Ruffin . but even with the incomparable St. Austine : all can be drawen from his words , is , that the difference betwixt Bishop and Presbyter , was only of degree and not of office , and that the difference was not of Divine , but Ecclesiastical authority : but even he expresly confesseth , that Presbyters did not ordain , and that the origine of the exercising power was in the dayes of the Apostles , to prevent Schisms ; for , he sayes , that from the dayes of St. Mark , till Denis and Heraclas , there were constantly Bishops in Alexandria ; and he compares the Bishop , Presbyters and Deacons in the Church to Aaron the High-priest , his sons the Priests and the Levites in the Temple , and sayes that it was decreed through the whole World , that one Presbyter should be set over the rest ; and to root out the seeds of difference , the whole care was laid upon one : for all this , see Ier. ad Euag. and upon Titus : and from this you may see how little shew of ground there is from him or any other Church-writter to reject the Episcopal authority . N. But these Bishops were not such as ours are . C. I confess they were better men , than either Bishops , or Presbyters alive are : But he knows little Church-story , who knows not , that the Presbyters did nothing without them , and that particularly , Presbyters could never ordain without a Bishop . N. Well then , as it was good then , so it may be ill now , and there is our present case . C. I say still , it is a rational , just , and a most necessary thing , that the Senior , and most approven Church-men , be peculiarly incharged , as well with the trial of Intrants , as with the inspection of the Clergy : since no order of men needs so much to be regulated , as that of Church-men . And therefore unless they be all equal in gifts , and parts , they ought not to be equal in power and authority . If the power of Bishops be at any time abused , it is but that to which all humane things are lyable : nor can Presbytery be freed of that , but let the common maxime in such cases be applyed to this , remove the abuse , but retain the use . DIALOGUE IV. N YOu have said , I confess , a great many things , that I cannot well answer ; yet my conscience still tells me , that Episcopacy is no good Government ; and I cannot act against my Conscience . C. You must remember , this is the Plea of all Hereticks , who still pretend Conscience . I confess there is nothing in the world , wherein I desire to be more tender , than in offering the least violence to Conscience , there not being a wider step to Atheism , than to do any thing against the conviction of Conscience . But see it be not humour , and wilfulness , that you scorn to change your opinion , or love to your party : whom you dare not displease : or vanity , that you may be noticed ; or faction ; Or simple and blind following of your Leaders , without clear convictions in your own mind ; all which , for most part , are the true reasons of schisms , though Conscience be ever pretended . And remember , that God will not hold them guiltless , that take his Name in vain , so you shall not pass unpunished , if you pretend Conscience , and be not acted by it . N. How then must I examine any perswasion , to know if it be conscience , or not ? C. If you find in your heart a serious desire to please God in all things , together with a desire of obeying the Laws of the Kingdom , and of complying with the Church , in what you judge lawfull , but out of grounds which appear to you founded upon the will of God , you are led to a perswasion , this is Conscience : provided there be joined with it , a modest distrust of your self , with a charitable opinion of those that differ from you . And such as are of this temper , were their judgements never so bemisted , I reverence , and love : Weigh the matter therefore in just scales , and I doubt you shall see , that at best , you are led by a blind and implicite obedience , for I will not uncharitably censure you as guilty of worse . N. You are so proudly blown up , with an opinion of your self , that you think all who are not of your mind , are ●lind and ignorant at best : whether is not this arrogance in you ? C. Consider my grounds , ere you give a judgement against me . I say then , private persons have nothing to do with matters of Government ; your business is , to submit in these things , and not to judge : For , whether think you , God in the great day , will call you to answer at his Tribunal , if you were Episcopal , or Presbyterian ? As also , since the great design of the Gospel is , to purify the heart ; these things which have no tendency to the purifying ▪ or blotting of the Soul , are not matters of Conscience : And these are two easie Rules , whereby private persons might well examine their Consciences . N. But if we think you are wrong , can we joyn with you ? C. First , I say , you can have no rational ground to think us wrong , in matters of Religion : And since it is not a matter of Religion , and Salvation , you cannot without being Schismatical , separate from us . But further , even every errour in Religion , ought not to unty the bond of the unity of the Catholick Church , unless the errour be of greater importance , than the Communion of Saints is : a consideration which you never seem to weigh . How did the Apostle St. Paul become a Iew to the Iews ? though he tells us to do these things , out of an opinion of necessity in them , was to antiquat the crosse of Christ. And let all men judge , whether to circumcise , and purify in the Temple , were not greater compliances , in matters more justly to be scrupled , than what we contend about . Nay , the free spirit of Christianity , made St. Paul see well that these externals were of themselves nothing ; so that either doing , or forbearing in them , might be acceptable to God ; as he clearly sheweth in his fourteenth Chapter to the Romans . Yea , he carrieth this liberty further , even to an instance , which I confess , I should never have yeelded to , had not he determined in it ; that is , the eating in the Idols Temples , of their feasts , and eating meat offered to Idols . Now , if St. Paul did this freely , both to Jew and Gentile , are not you bound to more obedience , when not only charity , but duty to the Laws exact it ? This sheweth how far you are , both from the free and charitable spirit of St. Paul. N. It is true , he complied in these things , but it was freely , and not when it was exacted , as you do of us . Next , he avoided to do these things , when they occasioned scandal , which is our case . C. You in this bewray great simplicity ; for St. Paul did not refuse compliance , because they were commanded by authority , which you do : but because certain false brethren came to spy out his liberty , to whom he gave place by subjection , no not for an hour . If therefore any require your compliance , as if it were necessary of it self , you have reason to stand fast in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made you free . But it is unsufferable peevishness , to say , if the Magistrate enjoyn a thing , declaring that it is still free in it self , and only necessary , because it is commanded , upon that score , to refuse obedience . And may not offenders as well refuse to undergo the Discipline you enjoyn them , and say , though the thing be lawful , yet it is but indifferent , and therefore they cannot obey you , because you command things indifferent , which , as you reason , makes them necessary . As for the point of scandal , do not mistake it , as if the displeasing your party , were a giving of scandal , as many of you weakly think ; to give scandal then , is , to stretch your liberty , when that freedom of yours , may draw others to follow your practice , though they have not the same clearness in their mind . And hence it appears , that to avoid scandal , is only an abridging your liberty , for the good of your brother . If therefore you be not at liberty , but already restrained in it by the lawful command of authority , you ought not in that case to be disobedient , upon a pretence of avoiding scandal . But I shall yet examine the matter of conformity , more closly . And , first , why do not your Ministers join with our Courts for Church-discipline ? N. They cannot do it , because they are no Legal Courts , the Law that established them being taken away , so that now they are but the Bishops Deputies . C. I have before studied to convince you , that all that is divine in Discipline , is , that scandalous persons be noted , and separated from worship ; but how this shall be administered , can be no matter of Religion ; since , wherein are souls concerned , whether a Court , acting in a parity , or with one over them , do this ; providing it be done ? But waving this , whether judge you the Presbyters power for Discipline is founded upon a Divine Law , or upon the Act of Parliament ? no doubt , you will say , the first : well then , can the abolishing that Act of Parliament take away your power ? if not , you ought to sit in these Courts , and still do your duty . N. But this is to sit in a Bishops Court , which acknowledgeth his authority . C. I pray you , suppose the case , that the King should abrogate all Laws for the worship of God , and declare , that all that assemble to worship God , shall be understood to worship Mahomet , and thereupon oblidge all to meet ; though you meet not upon that command , yet I hope you will still meet to worship God ; let them interpret that as they please . So , I say , since a power of Jurisdiction , is that to which Presbyters lay claim , by a divine right , they ought to meet in these Courts , let the Law call it what it will. N. But the Bishop is over them , and over-ruleth them as he pleaseth . C. But , suppose this were true , and that Episcopacy is a tyranny in the Church ; Why ought you not to submit to them , as well as you did to the late Tyrants in the State ? And why , as your Ministers say , they will be content to take Churches , and preach , but let Discipline alone ; which is a quiting of some of their Rights , that they may retain the greater ? May they not as well exercise Discipline , though they cannot do it with all the liberty they desire ? Sure , there is nothing but peevishness in this . N. Do you think our Ministers would quite their Churches , and liberty of Preaching the Gospel , which is dearer to them than all the world , for any thing but Conscience ? C. I am not so severe as to doubt , but in most of them it is Conscience ; but I must adde , it is ill informed Conscience . But what can you pretend , for your peoples withdrawing from our Churches ? since our Religion , in Doctrine , Worship and Discipline , is the same : only a small alteration in the point of Government is made . N. I am not for separating from you , as my practice tells , but much may be said for it ; therefore I will judge none that do it . C. Truly I desire to be as sparing in passing Judgements on people , as any can be : but since separation must be either a necessary duty , or a very great sin , being a forsaking the unity of the Church : it can be no light matter to tear the Body of Christ , when there is scarce a colour of pretence for it . Now , the Schismatical humour among you , appears palpably in this , that you come sometimes to Church , but seldom ; this seems indeed to be time-serving , that you may both evite the punishment of the Law , and also retain your interest with your party ; for , if you come once in three moneths , you may come every Lords day ; and if you may come , you ought to come ; otherwise you forsake the assemblings of the Saints , and contemn what you call the Ordinances . Others of you also joyn with some of us , but not with others . Now as to our publick transgressions ( if they be such ) we are all equally guilty , why then make you a difference ? Others of you come to Churches in the Countrey , but do not so in the City : what doth this look like , but that you have freedom for the thing , but will not do it , for fear of being noticed ? which is to prefer the pleasing of men , to the pleasing of God. And finally , some of you joyn with us in the ordinary Worship , but will not communicat with us , which bewrayes great solly ; for if you may pray and praise with us , which is the spiritual communicating : why do you not joyn in the Eucharist , which is but solemn praise ? N. How can we acknowledg them our Pastors , who are intruders , and are in the places of our faithful shepherds , whom you have torn from us ? C. Supposing it were as you assert , yet that will never warrand your separating from them : since , although by the Law of Moses , the eldest of the house of Aaron was high Priest ; and the Romanes by force driving them from their right , exposed this most sacred function to sale , so that the high Priests not only invaded the right of others , but also obtained their office by the most horrid Simony imaginable ; yet Caiaphas , as high Priest , prophesied ; Our Saviour also answered at his Bar , and gave confession , when he authoritatively adjured him , in the Name of the living God. St. Paul also acknowledged Annanias . And though the Pharisees were wretched teachers , guilty both of greater crimes and heresies , than you dare charge on us ; Yet our Saviour saith , hear them , for they sit in Moses Chair . This is so convincing , that nothing in reason can be alledged against it : Yea , it was the doctrine of your own Teachers . Finally , what cruelty is it , if a Minister be put from his place , be it justly or unjustly , that the people should be starved ? It shews your Ministers can have no love to their flocks , if they desire it should be so . N. But your Curats are naughty men and weak preachers . C. This is an excellent piece of Religion in you , to take up , and use reproachful names of your Pastors . For though the name Curat , be a designation , no Minister ought to be ashamed of ; it signifying one that hath the care of Souls ; yet ye use it as a term of contempt : and this is your obedience to St. Pauls rule , honour them that are over you in the Lord : Which , as he addes , is for their works sake , and not for their persons sake , as you do . As for their persons and Gifts , where is Christian charity , that should make you slow to take up a bad impression upon slight grounds ? But if your grounds be good , where is your charity to the Church ? since you do not make it known , that they may be cast out . Beside , it will open a very wide door to separation , if you say , that upon the personal failings , much more weaknesse of a Preacher , you may separate . This is to ty the good of Church Worship to him that mannageth it . And further , it seems , you think to hear Sermon , all you go to Church for : But the chief reason of our meeting , is solemnly to acknowledge God , and that we are members of his Church : which we can do , be the Minister what he will ; and hear good Scriptures read , and sing good Psalms . Besides , let me tell you , you are not so zealous for good Preachings , as you would make the world believe . For , are there not many of your Preachers , who , while they were in place , were of no esteem , nor following ; and are undoubtedly men of weak Gifts , yet now are crouded to by you ? and the Church Sermons are deserted , and their Conventicles frequented . All the reason for this is , because they rail against the Church and State ; which is the only way to make a man popular amongst you . N. You have pretended to answer a great many things , but one thing remains , wherein our chief strength lieth , and that you shall never be able to unbind ; which is , the Covenant : wherein the whole Nation , and the generations to come in their loins are engaged ; and , can such sacred and solemn vowes be broken , without shameful perjury ? C. This you alwayes bring out as your Goliah , to defy the Armies of the living God. But as Sampson's strength lay in his hair , without which he was as other men ; so upon a full survey , it appears that the Covenants strength consisted in the Armies that fought for it , and not in any inward or innate vigour . And , first , what a ridiculous fancy is it , to say , Children can be bound by their fathers Oath ? is not this to make us the servants of men , and to give them authority over our consciences ; which is Gods peculiar power ? Alas , what kind of souls have you , that can be led into such conceits ! N. Doth not the fathers debt oblidge the son ? why not also his oath ? C. A mans debt affects his estate , which if the son get , he is bound to pay the debt . But if the son get no estate by his father , then I hope you will not say he is bound to pay his fathers debt . And this shews that the fathers promises binde nothing upon the sons conscience . N. But are not we bound to duty to the King , because of the Allegeance our fathers swore , even though we never swear it our selves ? C. Not at all , because they swore Allegeance , but because the right of the Crown is in the Kings person , and therefore we are born his Subjects . N. But how was Adam oblidged for his Posterity , if Parents cannot binde their children ? C. This is strange dealing , to apply a mysterie of our faith , which we cannot well comprehend , to your triffling matters . But take notice , that Adam did not binde his children , by his undertaking for them , but by a secret transaction of Gods ; who covenanted with him , as with the common head of mankind . And if Parents can bind duties upon their children , they may as well bind sins upon them . And this is new Doctrine unheard-of in the Church , which never acknowledged any Original sin , but that derived from Adam . N. How then do Parents vow for their children in Baptism ? and are not they bound by the Baptismal vow , taken by the father , in their name ? C. The Parent binds for the childe , as a tutor in legal matters for his Pupil : that is , they bind for their interest . The childe is indeed tyed by his Baptism , not as it was his fathers vow , but because by the command of God , he was Baptized into the likenesse of Christ. N. How then is Saul charged , and his children punished for killing the Gibeonites ? C. It was not because he had falsified the oath , the Princes swore : which is no where said But these Gibeonites , by that oath , got a right to their lives ; and so were excepted , when God ratified it , from the general command of cutting off the Canaanites : therefore , to kill them , wa● cruelty , and not perfidy . And Saul is not taxe● of perjury , but of blood . For although the second of Samuel make mention of the oath swor● to them , that is , only to reminde the Reader o● the History set down in Joshuah : but doth not at all say , the oath was still binding , as appears from the words . Thus I have taken more pains tha● was needful , to shew the ridiculous fondnesse o● this absurd notion : and have met with all ca● be said for it . N. Well , for all this , ye cannot deny but th● Covenant binds these who took it . C. I will , ere I come to that , let you see ho● little noise you made in the breaking it in som● things . When then the Tyrant had murdere● the King , enslaved this Nation , antiquated th● Covenant , discharged General Assemblies , Inhibited praying any more for the King , who the● stood up for the Covenant ; or clamoured , a● you now do , of Apostacy , Tyranny , and Perjury I know , a few spoke somewhat , but it was so se●dom , so faintly , and so disguisedly , that it was fa● from the thundering that was in some of you● Pulpits before you were silenced , and as at thi● day is in your Conventicles . The true reason was ye knew the Tyrant would made no bones of ma●king heads fly , or sending you in Shipfuls to Barbadoes : but you presume upon the King's clemency . And you know what a trip some made , when upon a threatning of taking their Stipends ●rom them , they passed from what , in a printed Paper , they had owned as their duty , both from Scripture and their Covenant . N. It is uncharitably done of you , to rake into these things : but if we were faulty in some particulars , that is ill corrected , by becoming so gross , as to renounce all . C. I medle with none of your private escapes , but such as were publick : and do it not , as I have often said , to reflect upon you ; but to let you see , you are but as other men , and not such wonders , as you would have the world believe . I shall next tell you , what monstruous faults you committed in exacting the Oath , not returning upon what was hinted , Dial. 1. That it was a Bond of Rebellion , against the Lords Anointed . As for your National Covenant , what a cruel imposing upon Consciences was it , to make a Nation swear an Oath , which they could not understand ? For you made them therein renounce all the Articles of Popery ; amongst the rest , opus operatum , a Latine word , and abstruse conceit ; with many other niceties , which you could not but know , your women and simple people did not understand . And was it not a contradiction , to make them swear against Worship in an unknown Tongue ; and yet in that very Oath so to use it ? For swearing is an act of Worship . Yea , you made them preface all this with a gre● lye , that it was after full and mature considerat●on of all particulars ; when you knew they we● not capable of considering them . And wha● strange Tyranny over Consciences was it , t● make people swear in these matters , some wher● of might be disputable ; so that a man could no● be of your communion , except he were in you● opinion in all things ? A rigour never befor● practised but in Trent . Then , what a tr●pane was it , to make the Nation swear the Cov●nant , and by an after-game to declare that Epi●copacy was abjured in it ? Next , what violen● used you to oblidge all to bow to this Idol● Church-men were not only deposed , who refuse it ; but both Church-men and Lay-men were ex●communicated , if they did not submit to you● tyranny . What man of common sense can thin● this was the Cause of God , which had such mo●struous errours in its first conception ? N. All you can say upon this head , may we● prove , there were some faults in imposing it but it still doth bind , since he shall dwell in Go● holy hill , who swears to his own hurt , and chan●eth not . C. I confess , Oaths , when the matter is lawfull , do oblidge : but if the nature of thing● change , so the matter grow unlawful , you th● cannot say the Oath binds . In a word , a man , or Society can only bind themselves , in things tha● are left to their power , and are in their own 〈◊〉 : but if the matter be not in their power , ●hen their Oath cannot bind them . N. That is not our case , since you acknow●edge the thing to be of it self indifferent . C. I confess , if you take the thing abstractly in ●t self , it is indifferent : but as the case now ●tands , it is not so : for , by the command of God , we are oblidged to obey the Magistrate in all things lawful : so that all just Laws oblidge our Consciences : And this is a tye before all Oaths . And as by no act of ours , we can be bound to break the commands of God ; so , no more can we oblidge our selves to do any thing in prejudice of anothers right ; such as is the Soveraign's Authority . Therefore , no Covenant can bind us to deny obedience to the King's Laws , because they are in a measure , the Laws of God ; ●nd it is his right to command us , from which , ●o Act of ours can exclude him . Therefore , since the King and Parliament have annulled the Covenant , and required us to submit to Episcopacy , it can no more bind us . N. This is good Doctrine , to teach that we should obey man , rather than God. C. This is gross ignorance in you , it is , that we should obey God rather than our selves : for , the just Laws , are the mediate commands of God ; whereas our Oaths were a voluntary deed of our own , to which we were not bound by any command of God. Now , if you comprehend not this clear demonstration , it is because you are a stranger to common sense . N. Wherein could Episcopacy have been mor● for the good of Scotland ? or what could th● Kings reason be , for preferring it to Presbytery at least for judging it fitter for us ? C. This is like all mutinous Subjects , to b● judging and censuring the actions of their Princes , unlesse they be on all their secrets , and kno● what all their reasons , and designs are . Go● hath given Kings the authority to command● and hath left us the glory of obedience ; whic● we ought to do without further inquiry : provided what they enjoyn be against no comman● of God. But we need not seek to rifle the Ca●binets of the King , and his Councellors , ther● being many apparent cogent reasons , to have en●forced the change . You know what work you● Leaders occasioned , both to his Royal Grandfather , and Father , and to Himself . You had in●volved the Nations in blood ; and not satisfie● with this , after you got all the security yo● could demand , you engaged with his enemie● in England , against him ; you opposed the de●sign of delivering his Father , Anno 1648. In word , what jealousies had you justly raised in th● hearts of Princes , of your Government ? an● your Tyranny ( 1649. ) against the Nobility , ha● justly irritated them against you . Next , you ha● divided shamefully amongst your selves , on● great party amongst you , being such , that you● selves sound it necessary to turn them out ; the● maxims being inconsistent with all Order and Government . And of these that are outed , i● ●s clear , that more than three parts of four , are of that party . Why then are ye so blind as to ●sk a reason for the change was made , as if at ●oon one should ask where were the Sun ? N. Sure you are an enemy to Godlinesse , who ●ave an heart so to rail at us . C. I am such a lover of true piety , that for ●ll this drosse that is amongst you , such of you , ●s live well , and walk conscientiously , I still love ●nd value ; and the Searcher of hearts knoweth , ●hat I daily pray he may finde a way to re-unite ●s all again ; and to bring such of your Leaders , ●s are sensible of their errours , in these great ●scapes , to a capacity of serving him in the Church . But it is strange you should take such ● liberty , both in Discourses , Conventicles , and ●rinted Writings , or rather Libells , to inveigh ●gainst us ; and then , if we but say a little for ●ustifying the King , the Lawes , and our Consci●nces , and for undeceiving the people of these ●ists you would cast over their eyes , then you ●●ry out , that we are uncharitable , bitter and malicious . Sure you who are so much for de●enfive arms , may , at least , allow us to defend the truth , the law , and our selves , with our Tongues and Pens . DIALOGUE V. N. I Confesse you have much shaken me in the matter of the Bishops , though I never find in my heart to love them . But one thing stil● sticks , they are great friends to the Common ▪ Prayer-Book , which I cannot think upon in patience ; and therefore I cannot joyn with them . C. Truly if that be your chief quarrel agains● them , it is as well grounded as the rest . N. How ! do not you think it a great matter , to take from us the pure and spiritual Worship of God , and in stead thereof , set up a dea● and formal Liturgy ? C. I perceive you are still abused after on● manner , your Leaders put big words in you● mouthes to make you stick stiffl●y by them ; you● Government , they taught you to account the interest and Kingdom of Christ ; they also woul● make you believe your Worship to be the onl● spiritual one , and all others but carnal . Now , ● will let you see the great fallacy of this prayin● by the Spirit , as you understand it . To pra● by the Spirit , is , when out of a deep sense of ou● misery and need , and firm confidence in God , w● draw near to him , to offer up our prayers , an● praises to him , through Jesus Christ. Our heart● being moulded in this frame , we pray by th● Spirit ; use we words , or not , the same , or di●ferent expressions . Nay , it will appear , w● are carnal , when we need to have our devotion tickled , and provoked with new words . N. Now , I clearly see the rottennesse of your heart , and your superstitious cold formality . C. This is great arrogance for you thus to judge of things ye understand not . Consider then , the Will is the supream power of the Soul , and the fancy is a lower faculty ; the true and spiritual devotion therefore , must be that which lies in the Will , and not in the Fancy : now , the varying of one thing into several shapes , is only a gratifying of Fancy : and all the devotion can be raised by such Chimes , is only sensible , whereas one of a deep and stedfast spirit , is equally affected with a thing , though still in the same dress . Since then , for instance , our petition for pardon of sin , is fully comprized in this , have mercy upon me , O God , doth it not shew , that the thing , and not the words , affect him , who with the newnesse of affection , can make that prayer , though an hundred times repeated , at every return , new ? whereas he must have a lower minde , who needs a new phrase to renew his servour . And thus you see , it expresseth a more spiritual temper , to be able to worship God in simple and constant forms . N. I never thought to have heard the Liturgy-Worship called spiritual , and the conceived one , carnal . You that are Schollers make any thing of any thing with your Logick , but you will never make me think but our Ministers prayed by the Spirit . C. It needs but a very little knowledge of our selves , and none of Logick , to make you comprehend this : for , do you think , the heating of the fancy cannot make wicked men pray without the Spirit , as to appearance very spiritually ? Finally , words , and all the heat begot by words , gesture , voice , or phrases , or the like , are but a false fire in the natural powers of the Soul , which may well heat the brain , draw forth tears , seem to wring the heart ; and all this , is but a sensible fervour , which ( as the temper raised by musick ) amounts to nothing , but to a present tickling ; whereas the true devotion of the heart , is , an inward , still , humbling and melting thing , and so equable , that it is above these frisking fits of the fancy . And it is certain , to pray by the Spirit , must be the immediat work of the Spirit of Grace : Since then we see , that the praying in words depends most upon Memory , Fancy , Eloquence , Confidence and Custome ; he that abounds in these , is like to excel in it ; whereas one , defective in all these , so that he cannot pray in a variety of words , yet may understand interior prayer and spiritual converse with God , better than any other . N. This is new doctrine to me . And I cannot understand nor believe it . C. Consider then , that the sublimest way of prayer , is in the simplest acts : such as these ; thou art my God , and I am thine . And in such breathings , a devout minde will persist long , with great sweetnesse : and in this , God hath strangely shapt Religion , so that the highest strain of it , is , what the simplest minde can most easily reach . Nay , perhaps multiplicity doth lead out the minde from pure and still devotion . And thus extemporary prayer , cannot be called praying by the Spirit , except by spirit you understand the animal or natural spirits : for , if it be by the Spirit , it must be infallible , since all that is dictated by the Spirit of God is so : yet your people do not assert their prayers as such . Further , let one with a short-hand , follow that mans prayer , who you say prayes by the Spirit ; then , may not that prayer be read and used over again ? or , is the Spirit in the prayer so volatile , that it evaporats in the saying , and the prayer becomes carnal when it is repeated ? Finally , if praying by the Spirit , be a praying in new words , then only he that conceives the prayer , prayes by the Spirit : since they who hear and joyn with him , are tyed to his words . N. The words were dictated by the Spirit to him that conceives them . C. Then to the people it is not necessary , the words be new : since to them it is all one , if it were once dictated by the Spirit . But why do you not believe the prayer composed by the Church , to be of the Spirits dictating , as well as that of your Ministers ? And , since the people can joyn and pray by the Spirit , though the words be not of their framing ; why may not the Minister pray in the Spirit , though he use words framed by others ? All this shows how weak and ill grounded a notion , that of praying by the Spirit , in the sense you understand it , is . And it clearly appears , that the dresse of the prayer in words , and the life begot by them , is but sensible and low . N. But doth not the Spirit help our infirmities , and teach us to pray ? C. If you consider the words aright , they speak out a thing very far different from what you would draw from them . The Spirit teacheth us to pray , for what we ought , that is the matter of our prayers ; and as we ought , that is the manner , to wit , the temper of our hearts . For , that words are not meant , appears from what follows , and maketh intercession for us with groannings that cannot be uttered : or literally , which cannot be worded . N. But though the renewing of words were a lower way of devotion ; yet , we in this inbodied state , need to have our souls stirred up by the commotion of our fancies . C. Then at least , this must convince you , that such a way of praying , is not so sublime , and therefore ought not to be called praying by the Spirit . And you must acknowledge , such as can worship God devoutly in a set Form , to be of a higher size : as being above these gratifications of nature and fancy . I will next convince you of the evil of extemporary forms . In such then , I must long exercise my attention to consider what he who prayes , intends ; that I may judge , whether I can joyn with him or not : Now this strangely draweth out the minde from devotion : for , two powers of the Soul cannot be vigourously acted at one time . The attention therefore must put great stops to the progresse of the devotion : and the mind being so prone to wander in Worship ; this opens a wide door to it . But he who knoweth already what the prayer is , runs along in his devotion , without anxiety , or wavering . Hence I have heard devout men say , they were ever much troubled , while they joyned in extemporary Worship , to keep their minde from distraction ; which they found wholly remedied , when they were where God was worshipped in set Forms . N. What sort of devout men could these be ? sure they knew not what devotion meant . C. This is like all weak people , to censure what is above them , and they do not understand . But judge whether it be fit , I blindly join with one in the worship of God , when I know not how he is to mannage it : and you cannot deny , some may pray things you dare not join in . Shall I not trust a man in any matter , without understanding how he will discharge it ? only in my devotions to God I will blindly trust so great a concernment , to one who saith he doth not know how he will mannage it himself . It is not enough to say , you join not in these things to which you cannot say Amen ; for , at least to others you seem so to do . And this will keep you still in some anxiety , when in your heart you may say Amen , and when not : and indeed this way of praying , was the best could have been devised , for spreading of errour , or sedition : for Ministers prayed over their Sermons ; so that what in the discouse seemed the words of man , in the prayer was called the dictate of the Spirit . And this was an excellent device , to make all go down , had it been of the worst stuff . N. All things may be abused , but by your own rule , this should not strike against their use . C. Things of themselves good , falling into abuse , ought not for that to be taken away ; except the abuse be greater than the goodness of the thing : but , if a thing , not of it self good , be grossly abused , then there is ground to change the use of it . Now , since we speak of abuses , I might run out in a long career , and tell of the redious length , the scurrilous expressions , the involved periods , the petulant and wanton affectations , and other great abuses in extemporary prayer : with which , no doubt , you your self hath been often much troubled ; but I bear that tender respect to every thing that hath any relation to God's service , that I love not so to scoff at any thing looks that way : But you know these are sad truths . Whether then , Is it not necessary to redress these abuses by a regular form ? N. You know we had a Directory of the things we should pray for . C. And why may not you have a Directory for words , as well as things ? since the Spirit rather helps in things than in words . But it was clear you brought up that Directory meerly to cozen the world ; which otherwise might have been startled , to have seen you without all form , or rule for Worship : for , even your Leaders quickly wearied of it , and regarded it not . And one thing clearly followed , that the Preaching was the great matter of the Worship : all the Prayers and Psalms relating to it . But the constant acts , wherein the Church should adore God , were thought too homely . To conclude , the least evil of extemporary forms , is , that a Minister is ready to pour out his soul to God , in such devotions as are then most in his own spirit : Suppose he be mourning for sin , under affliction , rejoicing in God , or the like ; he is apt to pray in these strains . But these being his private exercises , are not fit for publick Worship , which , as it ought to be grave and solemn ; so , it should be general and comprehensive . N. I see you are for set-forms : but what reason have you for them ? Sure the Apostles used them not . C. You are not so sure as you imagine , for I cannot doubt but they used our Saviours Prayer , he taught them ; for whereas , at first , in his Sermon on the Mount , he had given it as a pattern of Prayer , they afterwards , as is clear by the series of the Gospel , came and asked a form of him , as St. Iohn had given his Disciples : and then he doth not say , as he formerly said , After this manner pray , but when you pray , which clearly sheweth , he intended it as a practice , as well as a pattern . Nay further , the Jews at that time had a Liturgy , and their hours of Prayer , which our Saviour never reproves , as a formal thing : but , on the contrary , he takes his Prayer , word for word , out of it , as may be seen , if you will read their Liturgy . And this shews how foolish that exception against the Liturgy of England is , that some of its prayers are translated out of the Roman Missall or Breviary . But though the Apostles and persons immediatly inspired , might pour out extemporary prayers , thence it will not follow , that every one may assume the same liberty . Beside , you see by the Worship of the Corinthians , they used Hymnes of their composing , as well as Prayers : Now I could never comprehend why you will allow the Spirit to be restrained in praising , as to words , and not in praying , since both are duties equally spiritual ; nay , perhaps praising , is the most sublime of the two . N. Because the Plalms are a collection of praises dictated by the Spirit of God for Worship . C. This is all you can say upon the matter , but never were more absurdities crouded in less bounds . And first , it is clear , we may worship in the Spirit , and yet be restrained as to words ; since you acknowledge God hath done it in praising . Next , the Psalms are full of acts that are prayers , as well as thanksgivings ; why may we not use these for constant prayers , as well as the other for constant praises ? Nay , since we use to sing these prayers , why may we not for instance use the 51. Psalm , in plain words , with a plain voice , as prayer , as well as in hobling ryme , with a Tune ? Sure you will find no difference in this , since you cannot say we are bound to use the Psalms in Meeter , or with Tunes : for nothing proves we ought to use them with vocal Tunes , but will conclude as strongly for all Davids Instruments . Besides , who told you that all David's Psalms were to be constantly used in Worship ? It is clear , most of them was not intended for constant use : they relating to particulars of David's History and Victories , which belongs not to us . And it is hard to say , we ought to sing his imprecatory Psalms : As also , many things are in the Psalms which we cannot sing , because we do not understand them : And it is clear , we ought to praise God with our understandings ; and not above twenty of the Psalms were used by the Jews in Worship . To conclude , why may not the Christian Church compose new Hymns , as they of Corinth did ? for which they are approven by St. Paul. And this is the more necessary , because from David's Psalms , we are not furnished with such full and clear Hymns , upon the great Mysteries of the Christian Belief , as were needful . And what kind of reasons can you have , who plead so much for a liberty in Prayer , and yet allow none in making of Hymns ? Why then do not ye use the Glory to the Father ? N. Because it is not in the Scripture , and is but a device of men . C. Who would not be sick with such pitiful folly ? Show me a reason why you may make prayers , and not praises ? Beside , are not your Meeter Psalms a device of men ? And they recede from the Text , as I can trace it in an hundred places , as much as the Doxology doth from Scripture words . And you understand Musick little , if you do not know that the Psalms in Prose may be sung as well , and as Musically , as they can be in Ryme . Besides , since the Mystery of the S.S. Trinity , is not so clearly in the Old Testament , nor in any Psalm , why may not the Church use an acknowledgement of it , in the end of their singing , as well as in the end of prayer , is ordinarily said , To the Father , Son , and Holy Ghost , be glory for ever and ever ? Such childish weakness makes me sometimes doubt whether your rational faculties be not troubled : since what difference can you pretend betwixt singing and saying ? But I will return to Prayer . Consider next , how Hosea the Prophet prescribes a form , when he saith , take with you words , and say , &c. Our Saviour also prayed thrice , and though the third time was more fervently , yet it was in the same words : which shows , that fervour consisteth not in a varying of the phrase Next , it is clear , that in the Church they used forms very early ; since in the Council of Laodicea , it was decreed , that the same Liturgy of Prayer should be used morning and evening . It● is true , there was not an universal Liturgy then agreed to , but Bishops had their several Liturgies : So we have the Liturgies of St. Basile ▪ St. Chrysostome , and St. Ambrose ; not to mention those of St. Iames , and St. Mark. But never were extemporary heats used in the Church : and all the Reformed Churches have their Liturgies ; so we had ours at our first Reformation . N. But we are a purer Church than any of them : and therefore we are not to learn of them . C. I know you were made believe , that all the world were wondring at you , but this was a cheat upon you , like that of your alledged Prophetess ; for , I can assure you , there was no such thing true . One thing is strangely inconsequential amongst you , you will not pray in a Liturgy , and yet you alwayes bless the people in a set form . Do you think prayer for a blessing , is not a prayer ? Or do you think , the spirit is not stinted when the form is short , but only when it is long ? Sure these things shew you are not governed by reason . N. What then conclude you from all this ; is it that the English Liturgy be brought in ? C. It is , that you consider better how you ought to worship God. As for the English Liturgy , I do not say any thing is absolutely perfect , but God ; yet till I see a better Liturgy compiled , which I never hitherto did , pardon me to think it an excellent rule for Worship , although your deep , but groundless prejudices against it , have rendred you so uncapable of receiving good by it , that such is your Soveraign's Princely tenderness , and your Superiours discreet prudence , that they do not obtrude on you while you are but babes this stronger food , but are willing to let you be doing with your milk . N. This is easie way for men to read their Prayers off their Books ; God keep us long from it . C. Truly , if by easiness , you mean what is pleasant to a man , it is far from it ; for certainly the natural man would be much better pleased , to be running out with his own conceptions , and to have all the Worship depending upon his lips this is indeed to be Rabbi . But to use the form of the Church is a more simple , and a more humble way of Worship . N. I begin to think you can have no piety , who are so in love with that dead and dull Worship . C. Would to God you and I had more of it than we have : but it is perhaps your stupidity , that makes you dead and dull in it . And I know godly people , who protest , they never in their lives worshipped God with more pure and simple devotion , than when they joined in the English Liturgy-worship : therefore in such matters speak more modestly . N. But what vain repetitions are in the Liturgy ? how often redouble they , Lord have mercy upon us ? C. I have not yet asserted , that it is in all things perfect ; but truly , I can think that no fault , except you will also quarrel with the Psalms , particularly with the 136. in which is repeated 26. times , for his mercy endureth for ever , it being in every verse . But in the true sense of vain repetitions , I fear there is ground to say , many of ●our prayers may be censured for them . N. But what a confusion is it , that all say some of the prayers together , and use Amen ? C. It seems you have read the Scripture well , else you would have found , Acts 4. how a whole company there , lifted up their voice to God with one accord , and said , &c. And St. Paul plainly intimates that there was a custome of saying Amen , at the giving of thanks . Why then do you not in this follow the express Scripture-rule ? And what imaginable ground is there that the people shall all with their voice join in the Psalms , and not also in the Prayers ? N. Well , I see you are zealous for that Service-book , but should you speak till to morrow , you should never perswade me to join in it : but are you as keen for the Ceremonies ? C. I verily believe , your prejudice against it , though ill grounded , yet is so deep , that no reason will overthrow it : but perhaps , if you saw that worship gravely managed , you should be more reconciled to it . As for the Ceremonies , I will medle with none , but such as were commanded here , well known by the name of the five Articles of Perth . And for these , if you can hear ●nd understand reason , I doubt not to convince ●ou , they were both lawful , and most of them ●oth useful and necessary . I begin with confirmation . N. Well , is not this a Popish Sacrament which you would bring into the Church ? C. I confess , if it had been introduced as a Sacrament , you had reason to except against it but you know no such thing was ascribed to it , and it was only designed for a solemn renovation of the Baptismal Vow . Now since Children are baptized , and so in Baptism do not ingage fo● themselves ; can any thing be more rational , than that when they come to the years of discretion , they do it themselves ? And this Rite wa● very ancient in the Church , and with great show of reason , the laying on of hands mentioned wit● Baptisms , Heb. 6. was expounded of it : and yo● know most Reformers were for it . N. But why must it be done only by a Bishop ▪ as if it were beyond Baptism ? C. That was only to conciliat the more veneration for it , by making it the more solemn and therefore it hath been generally appropriated to the Bishop . Yet I shall not contend about that , since St. Ambrose , or rather Hilary saith that in Egypt , the Presbyters in the Bishop's absence did confirm . And St. Ierom saith , that ● Bishop did nothing , except the Ordination , whic● a Presbyter did not likewise . The next Articl● was private Baptism . N. This was another piece of Popery , to mak● the Sacraments necessary to Salvation . C. It is rather gross Superstition , to confir● the Sacramental actions to the walls of a Church for it is the assembly of the faithful that makes ● Church . Our Saviour said , Where two or three are gathered together in my Name , I will be in the midst of them . As for the necessity of the Sacraments , none calls them simply necessary to Salvation ; but since they were commanded , they ought to be used , unless some more cogent reason stop the use of them , than is the want of a dedicated House . And who should expect , that they who are so much against reverence to Sacred Houses , should likewise be against private Sacraments ? As for Baptism , what a cruel thing is it , to oblidge Children ; especially when they are tender , to be brought , perhaps in the coldest season , many miles , rather than go and Baptize at their Houses ? this looks liker Heathenish barbarity , than the Christian tenderness . And for Communion , why should not sick persons receive on death-bed , when all the reasons of receiving are most strong ? Their faith and love needs then to be most quickened ; Never is the death of Christ more to be remembred , than when they are to pass through the valley and shadow of death ; and never is it more fit , that they declare their Communion with the Church , and their love to the Brethren , than when they are entering upon their last pangs : And it is well known how early a practice this was in the Church of God. Iustin Martyr tells , that they sent of the Eucharist to them that were absent : and by the famous Story of Serapion , about the 200. year , it is apparent how necessary the Christians then thought it was to be guarded with this holy Viaticum . Private Sacraments then are not proposed as necessary , but as highly expedient : which I think I have made appear they are . N. But what can you say for kneeling in receiving ? sure this looks like Superstition and Idolatry . C. I confess this is the Article of them all , I have the least fondness on : but it is great uncharitableness to call it Idolatry , when such as do so , declare they neither believe Christ to be corporally present , nor do they intend any Worship to the Bread and Wine , but direct their worship to God and Christ , for that death which is therein shewed forth . N. But why do not you sit ? since our Saviour did institute this rite in the Table-gesture ? C. Since you do not exactly follow Christ , you ought not to stand at this : none therefore should alledge this , but such as Communicat leaning , and after supper , and in an upper Room . And though the Passover was ordained to be eaten by the Jews standing with their loins girt , and their shooes on their feet , yet without any written warrand , they changed that posture into the ordinary eating posture , and did eat the Passover leaning , in which our Saviour conformed to them . And if the Jews , against an expresse● precept , without any countermand , may chang● the posture ; sure the Christians who are lesse restrained as to outwards , may change the gesture● especially there being no command for it : and but a lame example , since our Saviour did not sit , but lean . And perhaps more veneration is due to that action , now that our Saviour is exalted , than he could have allowed of in his humiliation . N. What can you say for holy dayes ? can any man make dayes holy ? C. If by holy dayes you mean , portions of time so sacred , that in these dayes , our services are more acceptable to God than on other dayes ; or that of their own nature they are holy , so that of it self it is a sin not to be particularly devout on these dayes , you have reason to say , none can make a day holy . And this was never asserted . But it is another thing to keep peculiar dayes of thanksgiving , for the great and signal mercies of the Gospel-dispensation . I confesse I am so dull , as not to be able to apprehend what evil can be in such customs . And it is undoubted , that in all ages and places of the Church , Christians have had a peculiar veneration for these Dayes . St. Paul saith of the legall holy Dayes , he that regardeth a day , to the Lord he doth regard it ; And , if Moses his Feasts might have been kept holy to the Lord , much more may these be which the Church hath instituted . Beside , you know the observation of Easter and Pentecost , are according to clear History derived from Apostolical practices . And it appears , St. Paul hasted to be at Ierusalem to keep the feast of Pentecost there . And , from all this I may assume , that your dislike of these Festivals and the other Articles of Perth , is ill grounded . DIALOGUE VI. N. I See we have no reason to hope for any good from you , who are so fierce against u● ▪ ●u● God be thanked , an ill-willed Cow hath fro●●●orns . C. If by fiercenesse you mean a desire to see you ●uined and destroyed , you mistake me quite ; since there is none living , mo●● a verse from fierce and violent ●ourses than my self . I love all Christians , who live according to the rules of the Gospel ▪ And I pity such as I judge mistaken , knowing how subject I am to errour my self . I quarrel with no man for his opinion in these matters ▪ which are , as the 〈◊〉 incomp●rable King in his divine work call● them , But the Ski●● and Suburbs of Religion . And as all the thoughts of that divine Book bew●ay an augustnesse , which spe●ks the Author a King indeed ▪ so his mode●a●ion in these matters looks like the paternal clemency which becomes the Father of a Countrey ; he then adviseth his Son , our Gracious Sovereign , thus , Beware of exasperating any Factio●s , by the crossnesse and asperity of some men● passions , humours , or private opinions , imployed by you , grounded only upon the differences in lesse● matters , which are but the Ski●s and Suburb● of Religion : wherein a charitable connivance● and Christian-●oller●tion often dissipa●● their strength , wh●●●ougher opposition fortifies ; and puts the despised and oppressed party into such combinations , as may most enable them to get a full revenge on those they count their persecutors , who are commonly assisted by that Vulgar commiseration which attends all that are said to suffer under the notion of Religion . And a little after , Take heed , that outward circumstances and formalities of Religion , devour not all , or the best incouragements of Learning , Industry , and Piety . Thus that Great and glorious Prince . N. By this it seems you are a Latitudinarian , and I have heard much ill of these new sort of people . C. Truly I own no name , but that of Jesus Christ , in which I was baptized ; and these are invidious Arts , to coyn names of parties , and to affix them on such as disown them ; I am , and desire to be a sincere Christian , but of no party nor Sect. But if by latitude , you mean charity , truly I must tell you , I glory in it , which is no newer way , than the new commandment which our Saviour gave to his Disciples , to love one another , as he loved them . N. I confesse they say you live very good lives , but you have dangerous and loose principles . C. Are you not strange people , who fasten such Characters on men whose conversations you cannot disprove ; for , what can you call an Atheist , but a man of dangerous and loose principles ? these are uncharitable aspersions , as if not to be so hidebound and starcht on every trifle as you are , were to be loose and dangerous men . N. Some say you are strong witted people , and so they suspect you of Atheism . C. It seems they are weak witted people who talk so ; since though some foolish pretenders to wit , are Atheists , yet no sort of men discover their folly , as well as wickednesse , so much as these do . And that cursed Pest is hated by none more than us , who perhaps can give better and more convincing accounts of these principles of Religion , that there is a God , a life to come , and that the Scriptures are the word of God , than these who so charge us . But what unchristian work is it , thus to disgrace us ? N. Many of you are suspect of Socinianism , for you all magnifie reason , and are often telling how rational a thing Christian Religion is , which they also do . C. Indeed if to call Religion a rational worship , or reasonable service make a Socinian , w● are such , and so was St. Paul : but as for the horrid errours of Socinus his School , touching th● Trinity , Christs satisfaction , Gods prescience , & ● ▪ these we condemn and Anathematize : and w● judge it most suitable to reason , that in these sublime Mysteries , Divine Revelations should b● our rule . But notwithstanding of this , we wi●● be very loath to deny that Christian Religio● both in its Articles of Belief , and Precepts ● Practice , is highly congruous to the dictates ● right reason : And we judge to propose them s● shall be a convincing way to commend them all clear-witted men . And certainly , God having created man rational , the highest accomplishment of his nature , which is Religion , must not be contrary , but suitable to his supreme faculty . N. It seems you are sound here , but I fear you Latitudinarians are Papists , at least Cassandrians . C. You are resolved to charge us with one heinous thing or another , and when one fails you , you catch hold on another . We are far from that height of uncharitablenesse which some of you own , of damning all Papists ; since they hold the foundation Jesus Christ , though they build upon it wood , hay and stubble : neither will we stifly say , that all things controverted betwixt the reformed Churches and them , are matters of Salvation ; yet in the greater controversies with them , we condemn them : such as are the Popes supremacy , the Churches infallibility , the Corporal presence , the worshipping Images , Saints , Angels , Purgatory , prayer for the Dead , withholding the Chalice , worshipping in an unknown tongue ; these with many moe we disprove and dislike as much , and perhaps on clearer grounds than you do . Yet we are such lovers of the unity of the Catholick Church , that we much honour and esteem all who have studied to bring things to a temper , though they have not come up to the desired length . N. But how comes it , that amongst all the Articles of Popery , you never reckon the merits of good works , nor Justification by them ; since these are their chiefest errours ? C. I have not given a full enumeration of all that is wrong in that Church ; but , for good works , though many of them , particularly the J●suits , have written very harshly in that matters ; and before the Reformation , generally all the Preachers did intollerably extol , not so much morally good works , as the superstitious and tyrannical injunctions of the Stepdame of Rome ; yet now it is clear , the more sober of them expound Merits , in a sense which no Protestant can disown , to wit , that they are actions so acceptable to God , that he who is faithfull in his promises , will certainly reward them . Though I have no fondnesse on the term Merit , which way soever expounded , it still sounds somewhat too high for a creature in reference to his Creator , much more heartily do I reject the term Condign . N. What ●ay you of Justification by faith only ? sure this is a fundamental matter . C. There is nothing in Scripture more clearly set down than the Doctrine of Justification ; but as it is generally explained , there is nothing more nice or subtill : Justification and condemnation are two opposite legal terms , relating to the Judgment shall be given out at the last day ; for though we are said to be now justified , as the unbelieving are said to be condemned already , this is only that we are now in the state of such as shall be solemnly justified or condemned . Now at ●he great Day we must give 〈◊〉 ●●ount of our actions , and we must be judged accordingly ▪ but since all must be condemned , if God enter in Judgement with them , therefore God gave his Son to the death for us , that thereby we might obtain ▪ Salvation ; and all Iudgement is by the ●●ther committed to the Son : And Jesus Christ hath proposed ●ife through his death to as many 〈◊〉 receive his Gospel , and live according ▪ ●o it . And as that which gives us ●●title to the ●●vour of God , is the blood of Christ , so that which gives us an interest in his death , is faith , with ● life conform to the rules of his Gospel , and the ●oo● of this new life , is a fai●h , which worke●h by love , purifyeth the heart , and ! overcom●●● the World ; and therefore Justification is ascribed ●o● it in Scripture . Now , judge but a little what 〈◊〉 is to have a righ● apprehension of things ▪ si●●e ● have in a few plain words told you ●hat which with much nice●y swells amongst you to Volume● ▪ And as this ascribes all to Christ , through● whom it is that our sins are pardoned , our services ●●cepted , and grace and glory conveyed to us● ▪ so also the necessity of a holy life is clearly declared ▪ as being that whereupon we shall be solemnity judged , justified and absolved at the last day . N. I think this is very clear , but why do not you use the terms of the Protestant● Church ? this looks like a humour of singularity amongst you , that you will not speak like other men . C. Whether do you think it fitter in the Mysteries of ●aith to keep close to ●●rms of Scripture or not ? since these , as they are the truest , so are the fittest and most expressive : but if we will speak in the language of men , I think the stile of the Catholick Church is to be chosen , rather than Modern and Scholastical expressions , which are too too horridly abused , as well by Antinomians , as by carnal Christians , who love well to hear of Salvation by the death of Christ , provided they be bound to do nothing themselves , that they may be saved . N. You have sufficiently vindicated your self of Popery , but are you not Arminians ? C. Truly I believe both you and I may be good Christians , and not understand a word of these controversies . And certainly the great itch of multiplying and canvassing subtile questions in matters of Religion , hath proven one of the chief pests of the Church ; it is good to be sober-minded . As for Gods Soveraignty in all things , but more especially in the conversion of souls , and the gracious influence of his Spirit , I do firmly believe it : I as firmly believe , that God is infinitly good and holy , and think I may well take his own Oath for it , that he takes no pleasure in the death of sinners : But how to reconcile these his Attributes , I confesse is beyond my capacity . God is an unfathomable Abysse , and imperscrutable to any but himself : therefore as I do not doubt there are Three persons in one God , though I cannot reconcile that to Aristotles Logick ; so I believe , God is Soveraign and absolute , as well as holy and just , though I cannot answer all objections . In a word , let this whole matter be thus transacted , and no article of faith is violated ; Let none of our good be ascribed to our selves , and none of our evil be imputed to God. N. I see if you have any errours , you have so much Legerdemain , that you are not easily discovered . But , our Ministers are more jealous of some of this new way of the latitude , than of any body ; for , often in our Conventicles they bid us beware of Wolves in sheeps cloathing : and this is meant of you . C. Iudge of the tree by its fruits , said our Saviour ; Do not therefore upon jealousies and misrepresentations passe judgments ; for , who art thou that judgest another mans servant ? But I am now weary with wrangling , it being a thing much against my Genius ; I will therefore leave these dry and arid matters , and talk a little with you on better Subjects . N. I will hear you in these with all my heart ; for though you have said many things that do much displease me , yet as uncharitable as you think me , I am full of kindness for you ; and I love to hear good spoken by any body : therefore we will dispute no more . C. Ah , how strangely is the world mistaken in matters of Religion ! Some placing it wholly in debates , others in external forms ; others in some private devotions , and others in a regulation of the outward man ; but true Religion is power and life , and far above all these shadows . The Kingdom of God is not meat and drink , but righteousness and peace , and joy in the holy Ghost ; it doth not level at externals only , but secretly insinuats it self into the Soul ; whereas a divine seed it propagates , diffusing its vertue through the whole man : In a word , Religion was given of God to transform a man into the Divine likeness , and to a real participation of the Divine Nature . N. What then is the great scope and design of Christian Religion ? C. God's method in clearing up this day of Salvation was indeed wonderful : many ages after the Creation , the world was overspread with darkness , and wrapped up in blind Idolatry , only as the 〈◊〉 reflection of the Moon , with the twinklings of a few Stars , do give some radiance in the furthest absence of the Sun , so these darkest ages had still some of the remains of Natures light ; and the holy Patriarchs were burning and ●hi●ing lights : but darkness still covered the face of the earth . At length there was a dawning ●p●●ed by Moses , whose greatest splendor was c●ast upon it , by the approaching Sun , the Messia●s : Indeed the old dispensation was a great ●idd● for all was managed then with great ●errour , po●p and state : their call out of Egypt , and the pro●ulging of the Law were dreadfu● , their Temple , Worship and Ceremonies were Majesti●k and Solemn ; but by none of these the doer could be made perfect : At length came the Sun of Righteousness , as a light to lighten the Gentiles , and the glory of his people Israel , and brought to light life and mortality through his Gospel ; the great designs whereof are , to beget in a man such apprehensions of the Divine Majesty as might both possess him with the holy reveren●● becomes his great Name , and inspire him with a love and delight in him , that so man might be brought to a more free converse with God , and might be swallowed up in divine contemplations . The next thing in the Gospel , is to propose to us that stupendious contrivance of the redemption of the World through Jesus Christ , that we may adore him as the author and finisher of our faith . Beside , the Gospel came to mould us into such a lively conformity to Jesus Christ , that we may imitate him in all things , chiefly in his holiness , meekness , and humility : And further , the Gospel was designed as a cement and bond of perfection , to unite us all more clossly , even beyond the natural tyes , with those of brotherly-kindness and charity . N. What then are the methods to be used by one that would lead a spiritual life ? C. This ought to be the great design of our lives ; for , wherein shall it avail us , if we shall gain the whole world , and lose our own souls ? The way then to purify our souls , is , not barely to affect a little vertue , or morality , but to apply our minds to God , that by frequent and deep contemplations of his glory , his excellent perfections may be derived into our souls . Be therefore much in stillness and abstraction of mind , that you may become of a thinking temper : give up with passions , designs , and humours , and use much inward recollection ; this at first will prove ●inful to you , but when once you have brought your mind into a serene and not easily agitated temper , you shall after that enjoy great quiet in divine converse . N. What mean you by this converse with God ? C. You shall feel such a belief and sense of the divine perfections in your soul , as shall make the thoughts of God familiar and easie to you : your converse with him shall not only consist in prayers , and acts of worship , but you shall be often admiring him in his Attributes of Power , Wisdom , and Goodness , and chiefly his Love to you in Christ ; which sense of God shall be as a fountain of living waters , ever jetting up divine thoughts into your mind : And these will not be crabbed , curious , or subtill speculations , but humble adorations , and divine imbraces , in such acts , as , Thou art my God , my good God , I am thine , I will love thee above all things , and none but thee ; thou art my joy and only delight . Thus the more you converse with God , your acts will grow the simpler and the purer : it will not only be at some returns , morning or evening , or in publick Worship , that such thoughts will stir in you ; but your heart will be full of them , and swiming in them , and they will rise natively in you . Hence will gush in upon your soul much inward sweetness of mind ; you will be ever well pleased , because you will see God in all things , and you will see all he doth is good ; you will therefore not only practise submission , but complacency and delight in all his wayes ; you will also rejoyce in the Divine Attributes , and glory in your interest in Heaven . Oh , how sweet will your hours then grow to you ! But debates and opinions and every thing that leads out the mind from that inward stillness , will become sapless to you . N. Wherein consists that sweetness you say is to be found in divine converse ? C. In the stillness wherewith the mind is overflowed , the clearness in the judgement , the stedfastness of the will , and calmness of the passions ; and then indeed a man lives in the perfection of his nature . But , beside these , there are some divine touches , wherein the soul is carried , as it were , out of her self , into most sublime heights , which cannot be uttered . But as for the affections of the sensible part , these may be very high in an impure mind ; for the natural devotion , especially if the person be Melancholick , a woman , or histerical , will mount very high , but this devotion doth not humble nor purify the minde . Now , persons so divinly acted , are nothing in their own eyes , and willing to be nothing in the account of all the world , and all the world is nothing to them , their God is their all : they resign all to him , and are willing he dispose of them , and every thing else , as seems good in his eyes ; so they are not sollicitous , nor disturbed , however squares go in the world . Finally , by the Elevation of this spiritual life , they are made to think not only placidly and serenly of death , but to long for it , accounting that the worst office death can do them , is to free them of a vile body , and to give them enterance into their heavenly Kingdom , this is the union of the Soul to God. N. But how must we enter into that state of divine union ? C. Truly the gate is low , and the passage strait , we must be dispossessed of self-love , and of all intense affections to created objects ; we must ●now and abhor our bygone escapes , we must by the humble applications of our souls to Jesus Christ , presse in by violence into this heavenly state ▪ to which the passage is so narrow , that we must be stript of all the bulksome farthingales and trains of vanity ere we can enter : but when we shall be divested of these , the path of life will prove easie . Oh! how shall these pangs be recompensed , when we have broke thorow , and got into the blessed shades of the Garden of God ? And , how infinitely more shall they be swallowed up , when getting beyond the dark regions of Mortality , we shall arrive at the uncreated light , which without a cloud or vail , shines above ? Then our glorified bodies , with our no lesse purified Souls , being made like unto Angels , yea , unto a greater than Angels , shall be incessantly imployed in exercises , services and adorations , so far elevated beyond , and disproportioned to our highest a●chievements and enjoyments here , that in this imperfect state we cannot so much as frame suitable apprehensions of that unconceived Glory ! Now we who have the possession of so great a joy , and the hope of a greater blesse●nesse proposed to us , have we not all reason vigorously to set about the duties of a Christian life , not intangling our selves with thorny and harsh debates , which will but retard our progresse to sublimer states , and higher and undisturbed Regions ? N. Is this all then that is required to accomplish a Christian ? C. This is but the Basis and roo● of a Christian life , which is never barren nor unfruitfull : he then whose heart is thus fixed on God , his life and actions quickly declare that he hath not only the form but the power of Godlinesse in him : he lives above the world , in such a contempt of it , as discovers he hath greater riches and treasures in his design , than these a●e ; he hates the base and impure pollutions that abound in the world through lust , and underva●●●eth even the lawfull pleasures and enjoyments off sense : he sets no value on things in themselves , riches and poverty , shame and contemp●a●e equally welcome to him , the one doth not sink him , nor can the other swell him : his actions and discourses have that candor , ingenuity and goodness in them , as convince all , that the fear of God is before his eyes . Finally , he li●es in the world , as out of the world , and above the world ▪ His humility also testifieth , that in no●hing the doth , he seeks or regards himself ; he doth not hang out his piety nor good actions to publick view , but wraps them up in unaffected self-denial . He courts not applause , nor is he fretted with contempt , but is willing that none but God , for whom he doth all , know his actions , and with a virginal modesty shuns and rejects the praises which are undesired , as well as undeserved : he flyes the crouds and publick scenes , that in corners he may find that which by venting in a throng , is often evaporat and lost . And as he doth not cowardly stoop to mean things , so he doth not stubbornly refuse the poorest office God calls him to : he peaceably obeyeth the publick Father of his Countrey , and the Ghostly Fathers of his Soul : he undervalueth none but himself , neither are his ears pained with applauses given to others , nor itching for them to himself . His charity also appeareth in his readiness to do good to all men , looking on that as one of the greatest conformities to the Divine Nature : He relieveth the poor with his Goods , the perplexed with his Advice , the oppressed with his Assistance , the disconsolat with his Sympathy ; and all with his Prayers . He judgeth rashly of none , he doth not easily believe , but quickly pardoneth an injury : he is not soon irritated , but readily pacified : he confineth not his charity to a party , but extendeth it to all Christians . This is a rude Character , containing some of the fairer Lines of a Christian-life ; by which you may see wherein Christian Religion consists , and how far even those who pretend most loudly to it , recede from it . N. What say you of his Devotions , both private and publick ? C. In his secret retirements he often revieweth and examineth his actions , that discovering what hath been defective and amiss in him , he may be humbled for it , and quickened to new vigour and alacrity in Divine Services : he begs the divine love through Jesus Christ , by whom he makes all his addresses to the Throne of Grace ; he offers up himself to God by pure and free resignations , that he may dispose of him as pleaseth him ; he imploreth the Divine Grace , and assistance for mortifying all sins , overcoming all temptations , and advancing in every thing that is acceptable and well-pleasing to God : he also offers up his praises to God for all his mercies , chiefly for that unvaluable one of the Redemption of the world through Jesus Christ : he prayeth also for the Catholick Church , his King , Countrey , and Friends . This he performs not as an homage or vassalage which he must do , but out of pure delight in God and Divine exercises : neither doth he rest on these , as all he owes God ; but besides , he orders all he doth for his Glory , and is often bending his minde to an application to God in all his wayes : And this is his secret and inward devotion . He worships God in publick , that he may avowedly own his dependance on him , and his union with his Church : he goeth to the holy place , not out of custome or formality , but that he may jointly with others , acknowledge and adore his Maker and his Redeemer ; and gives no● only an external concurrence with the Worship in Voice , Gesture , or Presence , but his hear● saith Amen to his lips and profession . N. I confesse I finde it much more pleasing and edifying to talk on these heads , than on ou● doubtful disputations ; and therefore I will bi● an endlesse farewell to them . C. I was to have desired that of you : fo● though my affection to you hath at presen● drawn from me a great deal of contentious discourse ; yet I finde no pleasure in it ; and therefore as I seldom in my thoughts remind● these matters , so here I put a point , and wil● never resume them again . Let us therefore provoke one another to Charity and good Works ● We have a better exercise for our tongues , wit● them we are to blesse God even the Father ; le● us not therefore utter any thing with them that may seem to curse man , that was made after the similitude of God. N. Yet your pains are not wholly lost : fo● though I am not altogether changed as to 〈◊〉 Principles ; yet you have brought me to a grea● temper in things wherein I must confesse I wa● unmeasuredly furious : but I will henceforth study to draw in my minde from every distraction , and more vigorously pursue the great en● of my Being . C. If this be your temper , you and I cannot disagree , did our thoughts , as to other things , differ never so widly : And I pray God keep you and me both in this temper long , but now we must part for a while , it is like we may shortly meet again , if not on earth , at least in heaven : So I bid you heartily adiew . POSTSCRIPT . THese Dialogues were the hasty product of some idle hours , wherein the Author thought fit to gather in a few words , the matters which now creat us so much trouble , and to represent the Arguments of both parties candidly ; which he hopes he hath done . He protests he hath no design to wrong either party or person , but meerly to propose these matters to others , in the same light wherein they appear to himself : had his design been to disgrace persons or wayes , he would have done it at another rate ; but he abhorreth such a thought . If these papers grow publick , and be of use to any , he desires no thanks as he expects no rewards : and for the Censures of persons concerned , he will shroud himself from these with the vail of one unconcerned . FINIS . A PINDARICK ODE Upon Contentions in matters of Religion , by a friend of the Authors , and a zealous promoter of all designs for Peace and Love. I. SHall that which was design'd to end our toils , Increase our flames , and raise new broils ; And must we triumph in our Brethrens spoils ? Women are said by contraries to walk , So now Religion which Heaven intends To quiet minds , all hearts to quarrel bends ; And to contentious talk . And as the feuds of Brethren hottest are , ( Where concords ought to be , there harshest proves the jarr ) So Nations Christned into unity , And twisted in fraternal tyes , Yet do these Sacred bonds despise : And the endearing names of Brethren all bely . II. Great were disorders which at Babel sprang , Each did his Mothers Tongue forget ; Brother to Brother spake a stranger Dialect , And new coin'd words only the ear did wound . In vain it was to speak , and all grew mutes , And man seem'd to descend to rank of bruits . The Gospel came to heal this breach , And Canaans hallowed stile mankind did teach : At first all seem'd made of a piece ; One heart and soul them did inspire , Free was the peaceful company from warlike ire , When charity was all their fire . The Heavenly dew still moistened the fleece . While they sought only how to propagate their kind , ' Midst all their Hymns no discord could one find . But when the wretched Arts of Humane Policy , Mingled with primitive integrity , They by unhallowed tools began to build Their fabriques , and by Laws of State Religion did adulterate . Then did incensed Heavens 'gainst them rage , And put an early period to the golden age : All in disorder ravel'd out , The Church grew a tumultuous rout . And all with cloven Tongues did speak : Fierce wrath prevail'd , and Gospel force grew weak ▪ And all its harmony died in a groan : Oh strange ! even Paradise becomes a to●ride Zone . III. Iesus blest names were not their only stiles , They left his Standart , and were rang'd in files , Vnder the Banners of dividing names , And quench't in angry heats were divine flames , Some quarel'd only about doubtful words , But to decide the matter , used swords : Others 'bout Logick niceties did contend , Yet such poor stuff put to their love an end : And while some plea'd the practice of small forms , Did their unformal pleas occasion storms . Wondrous Metamorphose ! St. James counts lust the source of Warre , But now Religion proves the cause of jarre . Inverted Chymistry ! Which turns the Gold to base allay . Must Rome be damn'd as Antichrist , Because it to unerring Chair pretends ; And forth as Oracles its dictates sends ? While each 'mong us to that height raise their creast , And do expect that all to them submit , Conceiting that to errour proof's their wit. But once a Woman did usurp that Chair , That stain wipe off could never any care : Yet now 'gainst us that Sex conspires , And to our Crown with insolence aspires . Each Dame a Sybill grows , and doth refuse To stoop to wisest sort , and our just yoke abuse . The names of factions are infus'd In harmless infancy , which early thus abus'd , Retains the venome it from breast derives , All roads are block't by which the truth arrives , Fond prejudice doth so bemist , Trepaning custome doth so twist Their minds to errour , that it vain And bootless labour proves them to regain . IV. Disputing is as Oyl to raging flame ; They glory in their sufferings pompous name , And by resisting do increase their fame . All gentleness they think a cheat , And dread the enemy most when he doth treat . God bless me , what disease is this , Whose cure all Medicines do miss ! They 'r wanton if we cordials use , Sure , goodness they abuse ; Or if to abate the feverish heat , Some noisome blood we would let out ; Then grows the madness of the frantick rout . If fines as Medicines their bowels drain , Then they aloud of grinding do complain . This strange distemper doth all skill defy ▪ Physicians hopes still falsify . But as a joynt which Gangrene doth corrupt , Must be cut off from the sound lump● Better the body grow a stump , Than by such members bankerrupt . Yet often doth this Hydra multiply When cropt , one head to seven will fructify . Or as a tree which with new force doth spring , When lopt by pruner is its over spreading wing ; So doth this poysonous Weed still further spread , And as the Camomine , grow the more it's tread . The Cockle still with Wheat will blend , Till winnowing flames to mixture put an end . Good Grains with Tares may chance to be pull'd up , Delay their doom till brimfull be their cup. Then chaffed justice shall the chaff devour , And Angel-reapers bring the just to Heavens floor . FINIS . A continuation of the former Conference . DIALOGUE VII . C. I Am heartily glad of this opportunity of meeting with you again , and will be more glad to find our last Conference producing the effect design'd by it ; which was to beget in you a true sense of Religion , that you may walk worthy of your high and holy calling ; for , I can have no greater joy than to see you walking in the truth . N. I thank you for being so concerned in the welfare of my Soul : and , by the grace of God , I shall make it my daily work to be perfecting holinesse in his fear : But , I must be on my guard when I converse with you ; since you publish our private discourses , which I do not take kindly ; for , you take advantage from my weakness , and , by running me down , make the whole party suffer . C. The true reason why I consented to the publishing of our Conference ( for I candidly assure you , I did no more but give my consent to him , who , being pleased with the written account of it , desired to make it publick ) was , since I thought I had allayed a great deal of the heat I met with in you upon these matters , I presumed it might produce the like good effect in others . If in any thing I seem to take too great advantage against you , it is with reason : neither is it an humour of drolling or insulting , that makes me sometimes a little pleasant ; since in all Dialogues you will find the transitions sweetned with somewhat of that , even when the gravest matters are treated of . N. Some charge you with Socinianism , others with Popery , others with Arminianism , and others with Quakerism . I confesse their grounds seem'd to me , very slender , but they say it is very clear , and tell their followers to shun you as a pest . C. God forgive their malice , I pray God it be not laid to their charge at the last day , that they so falsly and injuriously reproach me . I know the Arts of some well , they will tell their people that we are unsound and Heterodox , and back their hard words with grave nods and wry faces ; and the poor people , too inured to implicit faith , give an undoubted credit to what they say : But do they understand things , who charge a man with Socinianism , who believeth that Christ is the eternal Son of God , and hopes for salvation only through his blood ? and they are as well versed in Popery , who charge me with it ; for , can he be heretical in Justification , who ascribes all we receive in this life and in that to come , to the love and grace of God through Jesus Christ ? And you know all that Calvin and his followers aim at in the matter of Arminius his points , is , that all ou● good be ascribed to God : how then can he be erroneous in this matter , who asserts that ? But as for Quakerism , the grounds on which they tax me of that , are so ridiculous , that I am ashamed to name them ; and , I assure you I am so far from inclining to Quakers , that I look on that Sect , as one of the subtillest devices yet broached for the overthrow of Christian Religion . But , if that spirit be not the womb , from whence all these Sects and errours have sprung amongst us , let all that look on , judge ; none falling to them in this Country but such as were formerly most violent in their way . And though I am sure , they are far enough from being Quakers , yet their principles have a natural tendency that way : whence , think you , have they suckt their rejecting of all forms and order ( under ● pretence that the Spirit is not to be prelimited ) but from your notions against Liturgies and for extemporany heats ? Next , the liberty you take to medle in matters too high for you , and judge of every thing , without thinking you are bound to reverence either the present or antient Church , ( I plead not for implicit faith ) opens a wide door for their pretensions to a liberty of the Spirit ; which at once renounceth all modesty and humility . Next , your humour of separation , begets that giddiness in people , that , no wonder , they , being shaken from the unity of the Church , also stagger through unbeleef . As also , many of you cherish in your followers a dejection of mind too much , as if Religion , which gives a man a right to the purest joyes , should become a life of doubting , and this introduceth a spirit of Melancholy , which clearly makes way to that pretended Enthusiasm . And thus you may see who are to be blamed for the progresse that way makes amongst us , you having prepared the people so to it . But still I assure you , though I cannot but see the faults , too many amongst you are guilty of , I am far from hating or despising you , God knowes I pity and love you with all my heart . N. But every one doth not judge so favourably of you ; in a word , you are called ● petulant profane and malicious person , and ● scoffer at true piety ; under a pretence of it labouring to defame the Cause and work o● God , which shall have a sweet savour to al● posterity , when your memory will rot : Yo● pretend to moderation , but art the most immoderat of any : this is the vulgar sense 〈◊〉 that Book , and of its concealed Author , who , they adde , doth well to conceal his name from such a work of darknesse . C. I hope you know my temper better , than to think these things will much move me : I will learn to live through good report and ill report , and am so far from being angry with those who thus traduce me , that if I knew how to do them a good office I would infallibly do it . Yea , if my heart deceive me not , I could die to do them service . I have no anger , God knoweth , at their persons nor their wayes , further than I think they are destructive of the unity of that body , whereof Christ is the head : and consequently obstruct the advancement of Religion . I alwayes classe them in two divisions , the one is , of such as are indeed differing from us in their opinion , but withall are sober and modest , not rash in their censures , nor bitter in their passions : and such I honour and love , and doubt not but there are grave and pious persons of that persuasion , whom I also honour the more , because of their first founder Calvin ( take not this as a jeer ; for , I assure you , the first being ever Presbytry had , was in Calvius brain . ) But others , besides their opinion in the matter of Church-government , are of foure tempers , condemning such as differ from them , judging all who are not as violent as themselves , placing Salvation in these matters , and thus confining their charity within the narrow circle of their own opinion : as for such , they get but their true name , when they are called Fanaticks , and though I will be loath to judge them as to the state of their souls ; yet , whatever good Christians they might prove in a Cell , or in a Desart , I assure you , they are not shap't for Societies ; their maximes being inconsistent with peace , order and unity : And they are as unfit to govern , as uncapable of being governed ; and , for these do not quarrel me , if I speak severly of them : but remember what one of your own deservedly esteemed Preachers sayeth ( it is like occasioned by the differences then , when they were forced to represse the insolence of the protesting Party ) on Iob 17. verse 10. Doct. 4. Albeit Godlinesse teach men modesty and sobriety , and to be tender of the reputation of others ; yet that doth not hinder them to tell men , what they are , when they are called to it in the defence of truth : and that they may give a check to their proud conceit of themselves : These words are so clear and comprehensive that they need no further explication , and serve as a compleat apology for any sharpnesse I might have used . I should indeed be very injurious to the Presbyterian party , did I charge them with all the humours and follies that are among you : the English Presbyterians are far beyond you in their moderation , as is notour to all that know them , and may appear from Mr. Baxter's Disputations on Church-government : yea , in the late treaty , all they desired , was , to be conjoined with the Bishops in the exercise of Discipline , which you refuse , though it be offered and pressed upon you . Next , before the late disorders , all the Presbyterians in Scotland , did fit in the Courts for Church-discipline , and why may you not as well do the like ? N. The odds is very great ; for , then Presbyteries stood by the Legal establishment ; the Act for them being still in force , which was rescinded at the restoration of Bishops , Anno 1662 : so that the old foundation being razed , they are no more Presbyteries . C. You may remember what I said to you at our fourth meeting upon this head : but one thing I must adde , which will surprize you , it is truly very strange how matters of fact are so confidently asserted , and so tamely believed , without consideration : you give it out to every body , that the law for Presbyteries , was in force till the year 1662. and this is in all your mouthes , and I confesse , I never doubted the matter of fact to be true , till of ●ate I was undeceived by a person of great honour , who shew me the Act Parliament 21. Iacob . ch . 1. where it is expresly said , annulling and rescinding the 114 Act of his Majesties Parliament , holden Anno 1592. and that is the Act which setled Presbytery ; and now , what can I think ? God forbid I suspect this of disingenuous forgery ; and yet perhaps , if you catched us in such a trip , it would be told us on our deafest ear ; but it cannot be denyed to be intolerable ignorance and supinnesse , to take such a matter upon ●rust ; and since you make this the chief ground why you differ from your Predecessors in this matter , how can you answer to God who have made a Schisme from the Church , without examining the grounds upon which you did it ? but I hope now that you see upon what sandy and slender foundations you have been building , you will consider your way better hereafter , and return into union with us : for I am still desirous and willing to hope well of you . N. Truly you are in the wrong to many of them , for few of them are so bitter against you as you seem to be against them : and I assure you they pray often for you , though you I doubt seldom pray for them . C. I tell you again and again , I have no quarrel with such of them as are calm and modest , only I regrate they are too few . As for the others love to us , wo should it be to you and me , if the love of God to us ( which ought to be our measure of love to the brethren ) did appear in such effects as theirs doth . If they pray for us , it is in the most invidious strain imaginable , that God would bring us down and destroy such of us as are incorrigible , and shew the rest of us the evil of our apostacy and defection : this you know is the universal strain of their prayers concerning us . But , how would they take it , if we should pray that God would destroy their party , and shew them the evil of their cruelty , rebellion and other wicked courses ? Now this is the true Character of an insolent , who takes a liberty with all the world , but cannot be touched himself . And you know , we alwayes pray , that God would unite this poor Church , and heal our breaches ; which shews the healing and peaceable spirit is on our side : Our prayers being such , that none can refuse to say Amen to them : And upon all occasions , we declare we are not only ready to unite with them , but are extreamly desirous of it . And if you will believe me , I assure you , I daily pray for them in this strain most cordially : whereas there is nothing they fear more than an accommodation ; nay , in their Books they directly own , that all that can be done , ought to be done for keeping life in our differences : and who could ever have expected to have heard this doctrine in the school of Christ ? And let all men judge , if there be not a bitternesse in the preface to Mr. Rhetorfort's letters , the Apologetical Narration , and Naphtali , which is unsampled in any Satire , not to say grave and Christian writing . And what cursed doctrine is it Naphthali broacheth concerning private persons their punishing of crimes in case of the supinnesse of the Magistrate ? for , ransack all the Provincial letters , Escobar or the other profane Casuists of that wicked school , you shall not find a more impious and detestable opinion among them ; and what cursed effects this produced , all the Nation saw : when in the sight of the Sun a vilain with a pistol invaded the persons of two of the Fathers of the Church , and that in the chief street of our royal City . And though the providence of God shielded the one totally from his fury , and preserved the life of the other , though with the losse of his arm , all shattered with the wound ; yet his malice was not to be blamed , for that asassinations were only wanting to compleet the parallel betwixt that spirit and the Iesuits , which is indeed the same spirit moving in different Characters . I do not charge the fact on that party , but acknowledge , I never spoke with one who did not express their abhorrency of it ; but , without all uncharitableness , I may charge it on the Author of Naphthali . N. But one thing ever sticks with me : I confesse at our last discourse , you gave me good rules in order to a Christian life , but still you design to make me regardlesse of the state of the Church , which is , that I be only self-concerned , and neglect the interests of Christ , whereas , what ought to be dearer to me then the glory of God ? and surely when that suffers , all that love him will be tenderly affected , so was David and Ieremiah , for the desolations of their times ; and it is a strange piece of Religion to be unconcerned in Gods glory , which is to be like Gallio , to care for none of these things . C. All things have two sides ; so this doctrine of resignation , if you look to it on the wrong one , seems like unconcerned stupidity ; yet , rightly considered , it is one of the highest pieces of Christianity : for , if you believe ( which you must believe , else you are no good Christian ) that Christ governes his Church , you must also believe that he doth all things well : since he hath all power in heaven and earth committed to him ; and in him are all treasures of wisdom and of knowledge ; and he loved his Church so , that he died for it . Now since his power enables him to do what he pleaseth , and his goodness inclines him to please what is best , and his wisdom cannot erre in the choice , Where is there rowm for any miscarriage in the government of the World ? why then are we to vex our selves with any anxiety ? doth not that tacitly accuse God , as if he did not mind his Church as he ought ? or doth it not imply if we were of his council , we could adjust things better ? Therefore , as in all our personal concernments , we ought to go about our duty with diligence , leaving events wholly to Gods care ; So , in the publick conce●nments of his Church , we are to commit the management of them to him , on whose shoulders the Government was laid by the Father ; and rest securely in this perswasion , that all things cooperat in promoting the grand designs of eternal wisdom and goodness : but still we are to concern our selves in the good of the Church above all things , next to the salvation of our own souls : but this is to be expressed , as in our most servent solliciting of God in behalf of his Church ( to which we are oblidged as well as to pray for our selves , we thereby expressing to God our zeal for his glory , and our servent charity to the brethren ) so also we are to let no opportunity slip , that God puts in our hands of doing good : But , as we are called , we are to do good as far as our station reacheth , and that upon all hazards ; yet , even in that , we are with David , not to meddle in matters too high for us , and with St. Paul , not to stretch our selves beyond our own measure and line ; but withall , we are to let no inward dejecting melancholy possess our souls , which is contrary to the end of Religion , wherein we are called to rejoyce evermore ; it being contrived of God to beget in us joyes , which cannot be taken from us ; and nothing marrs the souls inward joy in God more than such sorrowes . N. But all this is still contrary to the holy men of God : What sad complaints are in the Psalms and Prophets , and chiefly in the Lamentations ? And certainly , we , in the new dispensation , enjoying a clearer manifestation of the love of God , ought to be so much the more zealous for his glory . C. It seems you consider little the difference of the two dispensations : for , that of Moses was carnal , chiefly made up of temporal promises of an external prosperity ; so these outward desolations were then signes of Gods displeasure against them , and therefore they did lament because of them : but now the Scene is wholly altered , and these outward afflictions and persecutions , are so far from being curses , as they were of old , that our Saviour hath pronounced them blessings ; yea , he hath made these trials the Badges of our conformity to our Head , who was made perfect through sufferings . And therefore we are to glory and rejoyce in our sufferings , as did the Apostles ; and in the primitive Church , though they were made havock of , in the most cruel manner , some torn by Lyons , and other wilde beasts , some killed by the sword , some burnt in the fire , some roasted on Gridirons , some thrown in boy●ing Caldrons , some had their flesh torn off by pincers , some were starved to death by hunger and cold ; in a word , all the crueltie that diabolical malice could devise , was exercised upon them ; yet not only the Martyrs themselves bore all , singing in the midst of their tortures , but the Churches also rejoyced in it : And the dayes of their death , were Festivals , called naetalitiae Martyrum , they counting their Martyrdom their most glorious birth . And by the Epistles Eusebius inserts in his History , we see they were far from complaining because of their sufferings . But you ( because the Lawes are altered , and the Magistrate hath denied you further encouragement , and punished you , not for your Conscience , of which you cannot brag much , since none hath suffered because he was for Presbytery , or against Episcopacy , but for your unruly humours and practices ) make such complaints to God as if heaven and earth were mixed , and adapt all the Lamentations of Ieremiah to your sorrie matters , as if the overthrow of Presbytery were to be compared to the Babylonish captivity ; And see if the conclusion of the Apology , and all your other writtings run not in this stile . Now were your way what you imagine it to be , you should rejoyce , that you are called to suffer for it , and not to make such tragical complaints . And I am sure , your bitterness against those whom you call your enemies , looks nothing like the mildnesse of Christ or the primitive Sufferers , who carried with all gentlenesse towards their persecutors , in meeknesse instructing those that opposed them ; And this doth too palpably declare , you are strangers to the serene and dove-like spirit of the Gospel . N. You alwayes run to the primitive Christians ; but far fowles have fair feathers , and if you examine the practice of the Reformers , they universally resisted the Magistrate , and carried on the Reformation by Arms ; and how then dare you charge the Doctrine of resistance with Rebellion , since you thereby stain that glorious Work ? C. I assure you , I have a great veneration for the Reformers , and look on them as persons sent of God , to rescue his Church from the grosse superstition and Idolatry had overspred it ; but for all that , you must pardon me still to prefer the primitive Christians to them : As for casting reproaches on them , it shall quickly appear whither of us be the more guilty in it . I will therefore from undeniable evidence of History convince you of the falshood of that vulgar errour , that the Reformation was carried on by restistance ; and shall begin with the Waldenses , who resisted not the King of France , as is clear in the History , notwithstanding of their unparallelled persecutions , when they were destroyed by thousands : Belle forrest tells , that 60000 were killed in one town of Beziers ; Spond . ad an . 1209. tells of seven thousand , being murdered at once in one Church . It is true there were Wars betwixt the Count of Monfort and the Count of Tholouse ; but the Count of Tholouse was a Peer of France ; And the Peers , by the Constitution of Hugo Capit , were rather vassals then subjects to the King : besides , he only sought against Monfort . So Petrus Vallisarnensis , Hist. Albig . And in the Counc . of Monpellier , the Dominions of Tholouse were given to Simon Monfort , but not by the King , neither was the Legate well pleased , that the Kings Son came and took the crosse , lest he might thereby pretend some right in these Dominions , which the Pope pretended were his : Simon Monfort therefore was a bloody Emissary of the Popes , and not authorized by Philip August . then King of France , who gave no other concurrence to the War , save that he permitted his Subjects to Arm in it : so , here was no resistance of Subjects against their Soveraign . N. But did not the Bohemians , under Zisca , fight and resist when the Challice was denied them ? C. In the general , consider that the Crown of Bohem , is elective : in which case , certainly the States of a Kingdom share more largely of the Soveraign power : Besides , he from whom we have the best account of the Bohemian Churches , Comenius ( in ordine unitatis Bohemicae ) gives but a slender character of Zisca and his bussinesse , extolling him chiefly as a good souldier . Besides , the justifiers of the late Bohemian Wars , never run upon this strain of subjects resisting their Soveraign , upon the account of Religion , but upon the lawes and liberties of that elective Kingdome . Neither were the Protestants too well satisfied with the last Bohemian-bussinesse ; yea , King Iames , notwithstanding of his interest in the elected King , was no way cordial for it : these two I have joined together , because the Scene was the same , though the interval was great . N. But you know there was fighting in Germany upon the account of Religion . C. This showes how overly you read History , when you bring this as a president . When Luther rose , the Duke of Saxe , being moved of God , did receive the Reformation peaceably into his principalities , without any force ; and his example was followed by other Princes and free cities : but , in the year 1524. and 1525. there arose a War in Germany , fomented by some troublesome Preachers , as saith the Historian , who pretended the liberty of the Gospel for their chief quarrell ; and this was called the War of the Rusticks . And they appealing to Luther's judgement , he wrote again and again to them , condemning what they did , as an execrable and cursed Rebellion . He saith indeed , it was a great wickednesse in their Princes to force their consciences , but that did not at all excuse them ; and tells how far he himself had been ever from such courses : and he calles those that somented the Rebellion , vilains ; and not content with this , he stirred up the protestant Princes against them , who fought them and broke them . And in this I desire you will not consider the tatles of some ignorant persons , but read the History it self , and those excellent papers of Luther : for which I refer you to Sleidan , Lib. 5. And he will give you full satisfaction . Afterwards the Duke of Brunsuick , and some other Princes of Germany , did invade their neighbour protestant Princes , and combined in a league for the destruction of Lutheranisme : whereupon the Duke of Saxe , the Langrave of Hessen , and other Princes and free cities , met at Smalcald , to unite among themselves : but Luther was dissatisfied with this , till their Lawyers shewed him how by the bulla aurea , and other constitutions of the German Empire , it was lawfull for them to defend themselves : whereupon he consenting , they entered into that famous League . And every one who knowes any thing of that Empire , knowes well that the Princes are Soveraigns within themselves , and that the Emperour is only the head of the union . As for the War that afterwards followed betwixt Charles the 5th , and the Duke of Saxe , besides , that the Duke of Saxe , was free to defend himself , as I have told , Charles the 5th , declared it was not for Religion he fought , whatever his design was : neither did all the Princes of the Religion join against him . The Electors of Cullen and Pallatine , both Protestants , lay neuters ; and the Elector of Brandenburg , and Maurice , afterwards Elector of Saxe , armed for the Emperour : So you may see , what pitifull Historians they are , who alledge the precedent of Germany . In Sweden , King Gustavus , Anno , 1524. with the States of that Kingdom , peaceably received the Reformation ; neither were their any broils about it , till about seventy years after , that Sigismond , King of Polland ( whom notwithstanding of his being Papist , they received for their King , he being the son of the former King of Sweden , and peaceably obeyed him ) was by force entring the Kingdom , resolving to root out the Protestant Religion : Whereupon ( Vide Decret . in comitiis Lincop . Anno , 1660. ) they deposed him , and choosed his Uncle Charles King ; no strange thing in the Swedenish History , that being an Elective Crown , before the Year , 1644. that the States received Gustavus then reigning for their Hereditary King ; but still the States retained the supream Authority , as may appear by all their writs . Nor was it any wonder , if they , who had but a while before , crept out of an Elective Kingdom into an Hereditary , could not brook Sigismond his tyrannical invasion . And if this serve not to vindicat the Swedes ; at least , the Reformation was not introduced by Wars among them , neither were ever the actions of that State , lookt upon as a precedent to others . In Denmark , Frederick the first , with the States of that Kingdom , received the Reformation peaceably , nor was there any violence used . N. But you cannot deny , there was force used in Helvetia and Geneve . C. This shews what a superficial Reader of History you are . In Switzerland , the Reformation was peaceablie received by Zurich ( the first and chief Canton of that State ) and other Towns. But other Cantons maligning them for this , at the instigation of the Pope and his instruments , injured them ; so that at length it broke out into a civil War : wherein they of Zurich , as they were surprized by them , so continued to be purely defenders , vide Sleid. lib. 8. But you know Helvetia ill , if you know not that the Cantons , are no way subject to one another , and are free States , only united in a League , as are the seven Provinces : So that in their Treaties with France and other Princes , they often Treat sever'dly , Vide Siml . de Rep. Helv. As for Geneve , the Bishop fled from it , out of a pannick fear , when the Reformation was received : but no force was used to drive him out . Sleid. lib. 6. And beside , Geneve was a free Town , neither subject to the Bishop nor the Duke of Savoy ; Vide Siml . de Rep. Helv. lib. 10. de Geneve . N. What say you to the War in the Netherlands ? C. I say still , it was not for Religion they sought , Papists and Protestants jointly concurring ; And C. Egmond and C. Horn who were beheaded by the Duke of Alve , as the chief instruments in it , died both Papists ; yea , the State by a placart , declared it scandalous to say they fought for Religion ; the true ground of the quarrel ( as you may read in all the Histories ) was , that their Prince was not an absolute Soveraign , but limited in his power , and that by expresse compact , they might use force if he transgressed his limits : which he did most notoriously and tirandically : and for all this , I refer you to Grotius , de Antiquitate Bataviae & in lib. Ann. who yet is one of the strongest pleaders for subjection to Magistracy . N. But nothing of this can be alledged to palliat the French civil Wars ? C. The first civil Wars were mannaged by the Princes of the blood , who by the Laws of that Crown , are not ordinarie subjects . Besides , the Wars were begun in the minority of the King ; in which case the powers of the Princes is greater : I do not for all this deny their following Wars , were direct rebellion ; but consider the fierce spirit of that Nation ( ready to fight for any thing ) and you must confesse , it was not Religion , but their temper that was to be blamed ; but now many of the eminent men of that Church are fully convinced of the evil of these courses : and do ingenuouslie condemn them . Yea , in the Wars of the last King , one of the glories of our Nation , Cameron , at Mountowban directly preached against their courses , and taxed them of Rebellion . N. But if that was Rebellion , how did the late King of Britain give assistance to the Rochellers in the last Wars ? C. There was a particular reason in that , as appears from the account the illustrious Duke of Rohan gives of it : for the King of Britain had interposed in the former pacification , and had given surety to the Protestants , that the French King should religiously observe the agreement : But the King of France violating this , the King of Britain thereby receiving so publick an injurie and affront , was oblidged in honour to assist them : which for his part was most just , whatever the Subjects of France their part in it might be . And thus I have cleared the Churches abroad of that injurious stain you brand them with : And by this let all men judge whether you or I do them the best office . But to come to our own Britain , you know it is the glory of the English Reformation , that it was stained with no blood , save that of Martyrs , which was its chief ornament : Yea , though a Popish and persecuting Queen interveened betwixt the first Reformation of King Edward , and the second of Queen Elizabeth ; yet , none rebelled : For that of Wyat , was not upon the account of Religion ; but in opposition to the matching with King Philip of Spain . It is true Scotland hath not that glory : but as we were long allyed to France ; so we have too much of their temper : so that it passeth as a common saying , of Scots-men , praefervida Scotorum ingenia . And all that travelled the world , can witnesse that we were not approven in our late rebellion abroad . I shall not instance what Diodati , Spanhem , Rivet , Salmasius , Blondel , Amerald , de Moulin , and many of the greatest and most famed Forreign Divines , have publickly expressed against it . Some in Print , others in publick discourses and Sermons . One thing I will not passe by , that in the consistory of Charrenton , they made an Act , that no man should be barred the Communion for the Scots excommunication , except it were for a crime ; and so told the late Bishop of Orkney then of Galloway , that the pretended excommunication of Scotland , should no way hinder their receiving him to their Communion ; and this was a loud declaration of their disowning and condemning the Scots practices . N. But tell me ingenuously , Are there no precedents in History for Subjects fighting upon the account of Religion ; and have none of the Writters of the Church asserted it ? C. Yes , there have , and I will deal ingenously with you upon this head . The first I know is Pope Gregory the seventh , who armed the subjects of Germany against Henry the fourth Emperour , upon the account of Religion ; because the Emperour laid claime to the investitures of Bishops , they being then secular Princes . And this prospering so well in the hands of Hildebrand , other Popes made no bones , upon any displeasure they conceived , either against King or Emperour , to take his Kingdom from him , and free his subjects from their obedience to him ; alwayes pretending some matter of Religion , as you may read particularly in the History of Frederick the first , Frederick the second , Lewis of Baviere , Emperours , Philip Le bell and Lewis the 12th of France , Henry the second , and Iohn of England , Conradine of Naples , and Charles of Navarre . These are the eldest precedents I meet with in History , for your bussinesse ; and the latest is the holy League of France , from which our whole matter seems transcribed . The authors who plead for this , are only Courtiers , Cannonists and Iesuits . Now how are you not ashamed in a matter of such importance to symbolize with the worst gang of the Roman Church , ( for the soberer of them condemn it ) yet fill heaven and earth with your clamours if in some innocenter things the Church of England seem to symbolize with them ? N. No , you still retain the Papacy , you only change the person from the Pope to the King , whom you make head of the Church , and swear to him in these termes . C. This is so impudent a calumny , that none but such as have a minde to reproach would use it : which I shall clear by giving an account of the whole matter . In England , you know the Pope , beside his general tyranny , exercised a particular authority , after King Iohn had basely resigned the Crown to him , vide Matth. Paris . ad An. 1213. When therefore the Reformation was introduced in England , and the Papal yoke shaken off , the oath of Supremacy was brought in to exclude all forreign jurisdiction , and to reinstate the King in his civil authority over all persons and in all causes , as well ecclesiastical as civil . I confesse Henry the eight , did directly set up a civil Papacy , but you know the Reformation of England was never dated from his breach with the Bishop of Rome : But the oath of Supremacy was never designed to take away the Churches intrinsick power , Or to make that the power of Ordination , giving Sacraments , or Discipline , flowed from the King , to which he only gives his civil sanction and confirmation . However , because the words being general , might suggest some scrouples , they are clearly explained in an Act of Parliament of Queen Elizabeth ; and in one of the 39 Articles , and more fully by the incomparable and blessed Bishop Vsher , to whom , for his pains , King Iames gave thanks in a letter . Now this Oath being brought from England to Scotland , none ought to pretend scrouples , since both the words in themselves are sufficiently plain , and the meaning affixed to them in England , is yet plainer : And we having it from them , must be understood to have it in their sense . N. But this clearly makes way for Erastianism . C. This is one of your mutinous Arts , to find out long and hard names , and affix them to any thing that displeaseth you . In the Old Testament , you find the Kings of Iudah frequently medling in Divine matters ; and the Sannedrim , which was a civil court , determined in all matters of Religion ; And you are very ignorant in History if you know not , that the Christian Emperours still medled in matters of Religion . The first general Councils , were called by them , as appears by their Synodical Acts and Epistles . And by the accounts all the Historians give , they also preceeded in the Councils ; so Constantine at Nice , Theodose at Constantinople , Earl Candidianus in name of Theodose the second at Ephesus , and Martian at Chalcedon . It s true in preceeding , they only ordered matters , but did not decide in them , as particularly appears from the Commission given to Earle Candidianus , inserted in the Acts of the Ephesin Council . They also judged in matters of schisme ; so Constantine in the Donatist bussinesse , even after it had been judged , both by Miltiades and Marcus , Bishops of Rome and Millan , by the Synod of Arles , and by the Council of Nice ; Yea , the Code and Basilicks , and the Capitolers of Charles the great , shew , they never thought it without their sphere , to make lawes in Ecclesiastick matters . The Bishops also were named by them , or , at least , their elections were to be approven by them , not excepting the Roman Bishop , though he was the proudest pretender of all , who after the overthrow of the Western Empire , was to send to Constantinople or Ravenna , to get his Election ratified : and when the Western Empire was reasumed by Charles the great at Rome , it was expresly provided , that the Emperour should choose the Roman Bishop . So Kings medling in Ecclesiastical affaires , was never contraverted till the Roman Church swelled to the height of Tyranny , and since the Reformation , it hath been still stated as one of the differences betwixt us and them . N. Well then , I hope you who are so much for the Kings Supremacy , will not quarrel at this indulgence , which is now granted to us . C. We are better subjects then to criticize upon , much lesse condemn our Soveraigns pleasure in such things , neither do we as you did , carry all these matters to the Pulpit . But , I pray , how would you ( Anno 1641. ) have received such a proposition from the King in favours of the Doctors of Aberdeen , or other worthy persons , whom you drove away by tumults , not by lawes : I doubt , all your Pulpits should have rung with it . And we may guesse at this by the opposition many of you made to the receiving of suspected persons into the Army , for the necessary defence of the Countrey , then almost overrun by the enemy : so that you have now got a favour which you were never in a capacity to have granted to us when you governed : and yet you see with what cheerfull obedience we receive his Majesties pleasure , even in an instance , which may seem most contrary to all our interests : Or , if any have their jealousies , they stiffle them so within their breast , that none whisper against authority . N. This sayes it is against your will , and therefore your compliance to it is forced , not voluntary . C. So much the greater is our vertue , when we obey and submit to things against our inclinations , which you never dream of : but we are so inclined to peace , that if you abuse not this liberty you have got , we shall never complain of it ; nay , if it produce the effects which we desire , and for which we are assured it is designed , we shall rejoyce for it : which are to bring you to a more peaceable temper , to make you value and love more one of the Noblest and most generous Princes that ever ruled , and to dispose you to a brotherly accommodation with us , which the Fathers of the Church , are ready to offer to you on as fair terms as could be demanded by any rational person ; whereby , if you listen not to them , it will appear to the world , that you are truly Schismatical : And to encline you more to union , I intend , at our next meeting , to give you a full prospect of the state of the antient Church , both in their Government , Worship , and Discipline ; whereby I doubt not to convince you , that their frame was far better suited for promoting all the ends of Religion , then ever Presbytery could be . But though I have made considerable observations in this , besides what is in various Collectors ; yet , I cannot at present give you so particular a plann as I design ; but shall reserve it till another meeting . Mean-while do not abuse our Soveraigns royal goodness , nor the tenderness of these he sets over you . But let us all jointly pray , that God , in whose hands all our hearts are , may incline us all to peace , love and charity : I shall therefore sum up all in the words of Scripture , which if they weigh not with you , there is no hope man shall prevail on you ; If there be therefore any consolation in Christ , if any comfort of love , if any fellowship of the Spirit , if any bowels and mercies : fulfill ye my joy , that ye be like minded , having the same love , being of one accord , of one mind . Let nothing be done through strife , or vain glory , but in lowlinesse of mind , let each esteem others better then themselves . Who is a wise man , and endued with knowledge among you ? let him shew out of a good conversation his works with meeknesse of wisdom ▪ But if you have bitter zeal ( for that is the word in the Original ) and strife in your hearts , glory not , and lie not against the truth : this wisdom descendeth not from above , but is earthly , sensual and divelish : For where zeal ( the word is still the same ) and strife is , there is confusion and every evil work . But the wisdom that is from above , is first pure , then peaceable , gentle , and easy to be intreated , full of mercy , and good fruits , without partiality , and without hypocrisy ; and the fruit of righteousness is sowen in peace , of them that make peace . Put on therefore ( as the elect of God , holy and beloved ) bowels of mercies , kindnesse , humblenesse of mind , meeknesse , long-suffering , forbearing one another , and forgiving one another , if any man have a quarrel against any : even as Christ forgave the Church , so also do ye : but above all these things , put on Charity , which is the bond of perfectness ; and let the peace of God rule in your minds , to the which also you are called in one body : and be ye thankfull . Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly , in all wisdom , ●eaching and admonishing one another in Psalms and Hymns , and spiritual Songs , singing with grace in your hearts to the Lord. N. In all this I agree with you , and heartily wish these words were more deeply infixed in our minds : For , I confess , I am weary of the janglings of Divines , and long for peace as much as any can ; and indeed there is nothing makes converse grow more wearisome to me , then that I meet with very few who love peace ; but , generally , the minds of all are so fretted , that I often remind and repeat Davids groan , Oh! that I had wings like a Dove , for then would I flee away and be at rest ; I would hasten my escape from the windy storm and tempest . And indeed the farther I see into the great businesse of Religion , I am the more convinced of the necessity of a serene and placide temper , which so qualifies the soul for divine converse . C. Oh! how have these words you dropt last united my heart to you ? My Soul hath too long dwelt amongst them that hate peace ; and the thick foggs and mists of contention , have rendered the air of this valley of tears the more noisome : But my releef is in divine contemplation , whether , as to the mountain of God , I flee for sanctuary , that being above this atmosphere of contentions and passions , I may take that rest in God , which is denied me here below : whether whoso arrive , finde that placide tranquillity and joy unspeakable , that they must needs heartily compassionat all such who are strangers to this peace of God which passeth understanding : for , I assure you , there are no joyes comparable to these purer solaces . This is the secret of Gods presence , where you may be hid from the pride of man , and kept , as in a pavilion , from the strife of tongues . Let us therefore flee from this evil world , and flee into the blessed and refreshful shades of the Almighty , avoiding foolish and unlearned questions , knowing that they do gender ●●rife ; for , the servant of the Lord must not strive . I shall therefore leave you with these thoughts , hoping they shall be daily more deeply infixedin your mind . Farewel . FINIS .